Class 10 – Page 14 – PSEB Solutions

Lezium Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

October 22, 2024October 21, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Lezium Game Rules.

Lezium Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 1.
Write down the measurement of lezium and its types.
Answer:
Lezium:
Lezium consists of a wooden handle of 16″ to 18″ in length with an iron chain fixed at both ends of the wooden handle and a rod of 15 cm (6″) in the middle. The iron chain contains iron plates in each ring which produces rhythmic and jingling sound when the lezium is in use. The weight of the whole apparatus is between 1 3/4 to 2 lbs.

Types of Lezium:
Lezium Skand, Aram, Husshyar, Pavitra, Char Awaj, Ek Jagah, Aidi Lagala, Starting position, Do Rukh, Age Shlang, Peechhe Shlang.

Lezium Skand:
In this position, lezium is kept on right shoulder. In this position, lezium is like egg position, and the wooden handle is remain behind and the chain of iron remain in front of the body.
Lezium Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education 1
Aram:
In this position, iron chain kept in a right hand and hanging in left hand when a student is remain in husshyar position the order of aram is given.

Husshyar:
Before starting of the Lezium, student should come in husshyar position. This position is kept when the lezium is on the shoulder. This exercise is performed by counting two on counting one, the iron chain and on counting two the lezium should be kept up to left shoulder and bring it in front of the chest with left hand. Wooden handle is race iron chain in the right hand and pull towards the body. After this exercise, came into the first position.

Pavitra:
This position is obtain from the Skand position. Keeping front left knee is little bend, bring the right foot behind the body. The weight should be on the left toe and push toward the floor. The remain straight chest and head must be raised upward. In this position, left leg must be towards the right and lezium should be in husshyar position.

Char Awaj:
In the starting of husshyar position on counting one keep the knee straight and bend the body, take the first stock near the feet in this position. Wrist goes out side and the handle of the lezium become parallel to the body, one counting to range the body up and snatch the iron chain from the wooden handle.

In the position, lezium will be on waist, on counting three and in a first position. The wooden handle should be moved to the right side and right hand should be in front of the body. On counting four, wooden handle should be taken in front of mouth, which we can see through the lezium.

Ek Jagah:
In the exercise, in counting four rotate the lezium in a round left to right after this next four counting should be repeated from left side.

Adha Lagao:
In this exercise, all the eight counting must be repeated and foot movement should be performed on char awaj. The left leg should be brought to the right leg and the left toe .. should be brought to right, the thumb should be kept between the finger.

Starting position:
In this position, rotating the back Char awaj should be performed four times. In coming first position, the exercise rotate the body from left side and lezium should be in front of the chest. In keeping the taal on counting four rotate the body in fast position. By doing this exercise, arm should be rotate in circle motion.

Do Rukh:
This exercise consist of eight counting and pavitra is N starting position just counting three. It will be like pavitra on counting four in a opposite direction from the left position. In a quick motion, perform four on counting five, rotate the lezium upward to down ward from left toe to right toe. Char awaj perform on counting six. It should be like to on counting seven take the Pavitra position, and char awaj take three counting. On counting eight, it should be like first position.

Aage Shalang:
This is the exercise of ten counting. Starting position is of pavitra, on counting one, bending forward near the left toe to the char awaj should be done. When taking left foot is completed on counting three, right foot should be forwarded like near the left foot, char awaj should be perform. In this way, left toe is done up on counting five, char awaj to be perform.

Taking six and seven stock with the left lezium should be nearer and foot should be kept in pavitra position. On counting eight, char awaj should be performed on counting nine, bending forward char awaj must be one stock. On counting ten, raise the body by farming char awaj and return to pavitra position.

Peechhe Shalang:
In this exercise, counting should be in ten, starting position must be a pavitra perform. The char awaj near the left toe on counting. In second and third, rotate to right and make two perform. In opposite direction, perform char awaj on four counting four times. Six and seven rotate from left foot keeping the right foot behind, on counting eight perform the char awaj, in this position student should be in pavitra position while counting nine char awaj should be performed.

Forward Bend:
On counting one, keep the right foot ahead. Bend on right side and open the lezium in same position. On counting two, raise the right foot up to three inches and by bending forward, lezium should be close on counting three, keep the left foot ahead and repeat the counting one. In this way, the exercise should be performed.

PSEB 10th Class Physical Education Practical Questions and Answers

October 22, 2024October 21, 2024 by sachin

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Practical Questions and Answers.

PSEB 10th Class Physical Education Practical Questions and Answers

Hockey

Question 1.
How does the game of hockey start?
Answer:
The game of hockey starts when a player passes over the ball under certain rules to another player of his side from the centre line.

Question 2.
How many players are there in a hockey team?
Answer:
There are 16 players in the game of hockey. Eleven of these players play the game while 5 players are substitutes.

Question 3.
How many players in the game of hockey can be replaced?
Answer:
Five players can be replaced in this game.

Question 4.
How much time is fixed for this game and how much extra time is given in case of a draw?
Answer:
The time allowed in the game of hockey is 35-5-35.

Golden Goal Rule:
If both the teams remain equal during the allotted time the extra time given is 7 \(\frac{1}{2}\), 7 \(\frac{1}{2}\) minutes . As soon as the goal is scored during this time the game ends. The team scoring the goal is declared the winner. Even then if a goal is not scored both the teams are given 5, 5, penalty strokes up to the time the match is decided.

Question 5.
Tell the length and breadth of hockey ground?
Answer:
The length of a hockey ground is 100 yards 91.25 m and its breadth is 60.55m yards.

Question 6.
Tell the weight and diameter of a hockey ball?
Answer:
The weight of a hockey ball is 5 \(\frac{1}{2}\) ounce and its diameter is 9 \(\frac{1}{2}\) inches.

Question 7.
Tell about the number of people involved in the administration of a hockey game?
Answer:
Following administrators help to organise a hockey match:

Referee – 1
Empire – 2
Linemen – 2

Question 8.
Give the positions of the players in a hockey game?
Answer:
There are 11 players in a hockey game:

Goal keeper.
Right full back.
Left full back.
Right half back.
Centre halfback.
Left half back.
Right-out forward.
Right-in forward.
Centre forward.
Left in forward.
Left out forward.

Question 9.
Tell the length and height of the goal post?
Answer:
A goal post is 4 yards in length and 7 feet in height

Question 10.
What is the length and height of a goal board?
Answer:
Goal board is 4 yards long and not higher than 18 inches.

Question 11.
What is the weight of a hockey-stick?
Answer:
The weight of a hockey stick for men is 28 ounce and 23 ounce for women.

Question 12.
What type of uniform should be there for a hockey player?
Answer:
The uniform for a hockey player includes a shirt, a nicker, socks, shoes. A goal-keeper needs pads and gloves also.

Question 13.
What is the striking diameter for the game of hockey?
Answer:
In front of each goal-post there is a white line which is 4 yards, 3.66 m long and 3 inches wide. It is drawn parallel to the goal post at a distance of 16 yards. It goes to the diameter of the breadth of the 3 inch line. Its centre will be the goal post. The striking diameter is the outer corners of the 16 yard line and the centre of the goal line including the lines.

Question 14.
Tell the distance of the penalty stroke?
Answer:
Penalty stroke is hit from a distance of 8 yards from the goal post.

Question 15.
Is there stick in the game of hockey?
Answer:
Now a days there is no stick in the game of hockey. Even if the hockey is raised above the shoulder it is not treated as a foul provided the hit is not dangerous.

Football

Question 1.
Tell the length and breadth of a football ground?
Answer:
The length of a football ground should not be more than 130 yards and less than 100 yards. Its breadth should not be more than 100 yards and less than 50 yards.

Question 2.
How many players are there in a football game also tell their position in the game?
Answer:
In a football game there are 16 players out of which 11 play the game and 5 are the substitutes.
Position. Goal keeper = 1, Full-back = 2, Half = 3, Forward = 5.

Question 3.
Tell the time for a football game?
Answer:
The time for a football game is 45-5-45 minutes.

Question 4.
What is the weight of a football and what is its diameter?
Answer:
The weight of a football is from 14 ounce to 16 ounce arid its diameter is 27 to 28 inches.

Question 5.
Tell the breadth of the lines of a football ground?
Answer:
All the lines of a football ground are 5 centimetre wide.

Question 6.
What is the weight of air in a football?
Answer:
The weight of air in a football is 0.6007 or 9.01505 pound per square inch.

Question 7.
How does the game of football start?
Answer:
The game of football starts with a pass of ball.

Question 8.
Tell the length and height of the goal posts?
Answer:
The goal posts are 8 yards in length and 8 feet in breadth.

Question 9.
Tell the distance of a penalty kick?
Answer:
Penalty kick takes place from a distance of 16 yards.

Question 10.
When does a goal take place?
Answer:
When the ball crosses the line in between the goal posts the goal takes place.

Question 11.
At what distance should the players of the opposite team stand when the jkick takes place?
Answer:
This distance should be 10 yards.

Question 12.
What is throw-in?
Answer:
When the ball goes out of the ground and the player of the opposite team throws the ball in from that very placg it is called throw-in.

Question 13.
How many flags are put in a football game?
Answer:
Six flags are fixed in a football game. Four of them are fixed at the corners of the ground and two are fixed at the end of the centre line at a distance of one yard each.

Question 14.
Tell four fouls in a football game?
Answer:
Following are the four main fouls in a football game:

To hit the player of the opposite team.
To touch the ball with hands.
To push a player.
To attack the opposite player from behind.

Question 15.
Give the number of the administrators in the football game?
Answer:
Referee = 1, Goal Judge = 2, Lineman = 2.

Question 16.
Can there be a penalty corner foul outside the D also?
Answer:
Penalty corner can be awarded outside the D also if the attacking player is stopped in a dangerous way.

Question 17.
When is the penalty-stroke awarded?
Answer:
When the players of the defending team deliberately catch the ball or keep it under foot the penalty stroke is given.

Volleyball

Question 1.
How many players are there in a volleyball game?
Answer:
There are 12 players in a volleyball game out of which six are the players and six are the substitutes.

Question 2.
How many players in a volleyball game can be substituted?
Answer:
Six players can be substituted. All the six players can be substituted.

Question 3.
Tell the length and breadth of a volleyball court?
Answer:
A volleyball court is 18 metres long and 9 metres wide.

Question 4.
Tell the length and width of a volleyball net?
Answer:
The length of a volleyball net is 9 metre and its breadth is one metre.

Question 5.
Tell the height of a volleyball net?
Answer:
The height of a volleyball net for boys is 2.43 metres and for girls it is 2.24 metres.

Question 6.
What is the weight of air in a volleyball?
Answer:
The weight of air in a volleyball should be 0.48 kg to 0.52 Kg.

Question 7.
How does the rotation take place in a volleyball game?
Answer:
In a volleyball game six players play from each side. Three out of them are in front of the attacking line and three are behind it. The first one takes the service. At the time of service 4, 3, 2 are before the attack line and 5, 6, 1 are behind them.

Question 8.
What is the position of players in a volleyball game?
Answer:
Following is the position of the players in a volleyball game:
4 3 2
5 6 1

Question 9.
Give the number of the administrators in a volleyball game?
Answer:
1. Referee = 1, 2,
Umpires = 1, 3
Linemen = 2.

Question 10.
How is a match decided in a volleyball game?
Answer:
The team that wins two sets out of the three sets is declared the winner. Five sets take place in national and international games. The team that wins three out of five is declared the winner.

Question 11.
For how many times the time-out can be availed in a volleyball game and what is the time span of a time out?
Answer:
Two time-out can be availed in one set. The time out is for 30 seconds only.

Question 12.
Give five main fouls in a volleyball game?
Answer:
Following are the five main fouls in a volleyball game:

To catch the ball when the game is going on.
To touch the centre-line.
To touch the line while taking the service.
To touch the ball for more than three times.
When the player touches the ball twice continuously.

Question 13.
What is the score fixed for a volleyball game?
Answer:
There are 15 points in a volleyball game. If both the teams score 14-14 points each it is obligatory for the game to be played upto 16-14, 17-15, 19-17.

Question 14.
Is a rope put at the lower side of the net?
Answer:
No rope is put at the lower side of the net.

Question 15.
Can the opposite team block a service?
Answer:
If the ball comes just near the net, the opposite team can block the service.

kho-kho

Question 1.
How many players are there in a Kho-Kho game?
Answer:
There are twelve players in a Kho-Kho game out of which 9 are the players and three are the substitutes.

Question 2.
Tell the length and breadth of a Kho-Kho ground?
Answer:
A Kho-Kho ground is 29 metres in length and 16 metres in breadth.

Question 3.
Who is called a chaser and who is a runner in a Kho- Kho game?
Answer:
The players who sit are called the chasers and those who run are called the runners.

Question 4.
How many innings are there in a Kho-Kho match?
Answer:
There are two innings in a Kho-Kho match.

Question 5.
What is the time for a Kho-Kho match?
Answer:
The time for a Kho-Kho match is 9-5-9,10 rest, 9, 5,9 minutes second innings.

Question 6.
How does the match start?
Answer:
Toss takes place before the beginning of the match. The team that wins the toss decides to become chaser or runner.

Question 7.
How many points are scored when a runner gets out?
Answer:
One point is scored when a runner gets out.

Question 8.
How is the match decided?
Answer:
The team that scores more points is declared the winner.

Question 9.
How many squares are there in a Kho-Kho game and what is their size?
Answer:
There are 8 squares measuring 30 c.m. x 30 c.m in a Kho- Kho game.

Question 10.
Is there a playing lobby in Kho-Kho? Tell its breadth?
Answer:
There is a playing-lobby in Kho-Kho and its breadth is 3 metres.

Question 11.
Tell the length and diameter of a Kho-Kho pole?
Answer:
The length of Kho-Kho pole is 1.22 metres and its diameter in 20 cm.

Question 12.
What is the distance between the Kho-Kho poles?
Answer:
The distance between the Kho-Kho poles is 24.40 metres.

Question 13.
What is the total number of the administrators of a Kho-Kho game?
Answer:
Two umpires, One referee, One time keeper, One scorer.

Question 14.
When is a player considered ‘out’ in Kho-Kho?
Answer:
When the chaser touches the runner or the runner goes out of the ground he is considered to be ‘out’.

Question 15.
Name five main fouls in Kho-Kho?
Answer:
The main fouls are given below:

I. To get up before getting the ‘Kho’.
II. To cut the centre line.
III. To turn without touching the pole.
IV. The wrong running by the chaser.
V. The runner goes out of the ground on his own.

Question 16.
What is the situation of a draw in Kho-Kho?
Answer:
If both the teams score equal points another innings is played and another innings is played if the match is yet undecided. If the match remains undecided the whole match is played again.

Kabbadi

Question 1.
Mention the length and breadth of the Kabaddi ground?
Answer:
The length of Kabaddi ground is 12.50 metres and Breadth 10 metres. For junior boys and girls length and breadth is 11 and 8 metres respectively.

Question 2.
Mention the number of players in Kabaddi?
Answer:
There are twelve players in Kabaddi game. Out of them seven players actually play and five are substitutes.

Question 3.
What is the time duration of the game of Kabaddi?
Answer:
The duration of Kabaddi game is 20-5-20 and for junior boys and girls is 15-5-15.

Question 4.
How many scores does Lona have?
Answer:
Lona has two extra points.

Question 5.
When is a player considered to be out?
Answer:
A player who goes out of the boundary during the play shall be considered ‘out’. If an opponent goes out of the boundry and catches the raider, the raider shall not be considered ‘out’ but all the players catching shall be ‘out’.

Question 6.
How many time-outs can be taken in Kabaddi?
Answer:
Two time-outs can be taken in Kabaddi. The duration of each time out is of 30 seconds.

Question 7.
How is the game of Kabaddi Match decided?
Answer:
Any team which gets more points shall be winner. In case of draw 5 extra minutes will be given until the match is decided.

Question 8.
Mention the number of officials conducting the game of Kabaddi?
Answer:
Officials in Kabaddi are:

One referee
Two umpires
Two lines-men
One scorer.

Question 9.
Describe the main fouls in the Kabaddi game?
Answer:

To hold the raider with help of leg-scissors.
Outside coaching is not allowed,
To catch by hair intentionally is foul.
To try to stifle a raider by shutting his mouth or throttling him.
Using violent tackling by one player against the other.

Question 10.
Mention the new amendment in the game of Kabaddi?
Answer:
In the game of kabaddi one metre Bonus line is added from the bonus line.

Question 11.
What do you understand by a Bonus for raider?
Answer:
When a raider comes after having crossed bonus line he gets one point.

Badminton

Question 1.
What is the total number of players in Badminton?
Answer:
There are two types of Badminton game. Singles and Doubles. In singles there are two players out of them one plays the game and one is a substitute. In doubles there are three players out of them two play and one is a substitute.

Question 2.
Mention the length and breadth of the badminton court?
Answer:
Badminton is of two types, Singles and Doubles, For singles the length and beadth is 44′ × 17′. For doubles the length and breadth is 44′ × 20′.

Question 3.
How does the game of badminton start?
Answer:
The two teams shall toss before the play starts. The toss winning team shall have the option of:
(I) Serving First
(II) Choosing Sides.

Question 4.
How many points does the game of Badminton have?
Answer:
Men’s doubles and singles games consist of 7.

Question 5.
In how many parts the Badminton court can be divided?
Answer:
We can divide Badminton court into two parts. Right court and left court.

Question 6.
Mention the length and breadth of the side gallery of the Badmintion Court?
Answer:
The side and back gallery shall be of 2\(\frac{1}{2}\), and 1\(\frac{1}{2}\), respectively.

Question 7.
Mention the weight of the shuttle?
Answer:
The weight of the shuttle is from 73 to 85 grams.

Question 8.
Discuss the main rules of the doubles game of Badminton?
Answer:
Doubles:
In the game, there are two players on each side. After having been decided which side is to deliver the service first, the player in the right hand service court of that side shall start the game. He shall serve to the opposing player in the right service court. This matter is decided by the toss winners, and the other matters by the losing one. It is decided before hand whether the game shall have 15 points or 21.

If the opponent returns the shuttle before it touches the ground to the player who started the game, he shall again return it to the latter. In this way, the play shall continue until the foul is made or the shuttle falls down on the ground. In case the service is not returned or the foul is made by the opposing side, the player doing the service shall score one point.

The members of the team delivering the service shall change their service court. Now the player doing the service shall be in the left hand service court and shall serve to the player of the opposing team in the left hand service court. In the beginning of each game, each team shall deliver the service from the right hand service court.

Question 9.
Write the main rules of the single game of Badminton?
Answer:
Singles:
All the above-mentioned rules shall be applicable to singles games but

(i) the player serves from, and receives service in his respective right hand service court. When the player who serves is at 0 or there is an even number of points in the game, the service is always deliverd from the right hand service court. In case of odd numbers, the service is delivered from the left hand service court.

(ii) Both the players change service courts after each has scored 1 point.

(iii) The ladies single game consists of 11 points. When the score is 9-all, the player who first reaches 9 can set the game to 3 points. In case of the score is 10-all, the game is set to 2 points.

Question 10.
Describe the main Faults of the game of Badminton?
Answer:
Faults:
In case a fault is committed by a player of the playing side, the player who delivers the service shall be “out”. If the fault is committed by an opponent, the playing side gets one point. It shall be considered a fault:

(a) When the struck or served shuttle is higher than the server’s waist or it is struck by the shaft of the racket higher than the server’s hand holding the racket.

(b) When in serving, the shuttle falls into the wrong service court or falls short of the short service line or beyond the long service line or outside the side boundary line.

(d) When before or during service any player intentionally obstructs his opponents.

(e) When in service, the shuttle falls outside the boundary of the court, passes through under the net, fails to pass the net, or touches the person or dress of a player.

(f) If the shuttle is struck before it crosses the striker side of the net.

(g) When the shuttle is in play, a player touches the net or its supports with his body, racket or dress.

(h) When the shuttle is held on the racket, a player strikes it twice in succession or it is struck twice in succession by the player first and then by his partner.

(i) The opponent shall be reckoned as ready if in play he returns the shuttle or tries to hit it, whether he is in or outside the boundary.

(j) When a player obstructs an opponent.

Wrestling – Free Style And Greeco Roman

Question 1.
Mention the duration of the Wrestling?
Answer:
The duration of Wrestling is 5 minutes.

Question 2.
Describe the length and breadth of the Wrestling Mat?
Answer:
The size of the Wrestling Mat should be 9 × 9 metres. The size of the mat of Olympic and World Championship is 9 × 9 metres.

Question 3.
How many times can a referee warns a wrestler?
Answer:
If any referee warns a wrestler, thrice wrestler will be considered the loser.

Question 4.
How is the score made in Wrestling?
Answer:
Score
(a) One point,

To a player who throws a rival on the mat and maintains control over him,
to that player who rises from beneath and maintains his hold on his opponent,
to a player who makes a good grasp and does not allow his opponent’s head and shoulder to touch the mat,
for one precaution the opponent gets one point.

(b) Two Points,

to that player who keeps good hold on his opponent and maintains his hold on him for some time,
to that player whose opponent immediately falls or falteringly falls.

to a player who keeps his opponent in danger (when shoulders make an angle of less than 90° from the mat) for five seconds,
bridge position for three seconds or fall takes five seconds.

Question 5.
How is the victory or defeat decided in Wrestling?
Answer:
When there is a difference of one point in the score of the opposite players, the bout ends in a draw. Again, if Tio contestant scores any point, or the points are equal, the match ends iii a draw. If the difference is of more than one point, a player with more points is declared the winner.

Question 6.
Describe the officials who conduct the Wrestling?
Answer:
There are three officials in all types of Wrestling bouts:

Mat chairman
Referee
Judge.

No official can be changed during the bout.

Question 7.
Discuss the main rules of weighing of the competitors?
Answer:

Weighing of competitors shall begin two to four hours before the Wrestling competition begins.
The competitors shall be weighed without clothes. They shall be medically examined by a doctor before they are weighed. The doctor will remove any player suffering from any contagious disease.
Each contestant can participate in Wrestling with a player belonging to his weight-group.
The competitors should be in a prefect physical condition. Their nails should be well pared. They shall be checked at the time of medical examination.
Weighing shall start at beast two hours before the competition and must conclude an hour before the first wrestling bout.

Question 8.
Mention the foul holds in Wrestling?
Answer:
Foul-holds:
The following fouls are taken into consideration:

Pulling of hair, ears, dress, private organs etc.
Twisting of fingers, grasping of the throat and other holds which may be life-endangering.
Holding in such a’ manner as may put the opponents’s life in danger, or may hurt any of his body part, or cause him pain so that the opponent helplessly leaves the bout.
Treading on the feet of the rival.
Touching the face of the opponent (from the eye-brows to the chin)
Grasping the opponent by throat.
Lifting the rival when he is in bridge position, and then throwing him on the mat.
Breaking the bridge by giving a push from the head.
Twisting the opponent’s arm at above 90° angle.
Grasping the opponent’s head with both hands.
Thrusting the elbow or knee into the abdomen or stomach of the rival.
Turning the opponent’s arm to the back and pressing it.
Grasping the opponent’s head in any manner.
Applying leg-scissors on the body or head.
Holding on to the mat.
Talking to each other and making dangerous assault.

Gymnastics

Question 1.
What type of implements are required for Gymnastics?
Answer:
We need the following implements:

For Men and Boys

Parallel Bar (compulsory and optional)
Vaulting Horse compulsory and optional
Ground Gymnastic compulsory and optional
Horizontal Bar optional and compulsory.

For Women and Girls

Beam Balance compulsory and optional
Ground Gymnastic compulsory and optional
Vaulting Horse optional.

Question 2.
How many players take part in Gymnastics?
Answer:
There are eight players in Gymnastics, out of the six players participate in competition and two are substitutes.

Question 3.
How are points awarded in Gymnastics?
Answer:
For each gymnastic exercise, there are points from 0 to 10, and each point is sub-divided into 10 parts. If the panel of the judges is of five members, the minimum and maximum points are not considered, and an average of mid three points is taken. If the panel is composed of three judges, the marks of three are taken for average.

Question 4.
Is the decision of the Jury final?
Answer:
The decision of the Jury is final. Participants cannot protest against their decision.

Question 5.
If a contestant in Gymnastics is ill, for how long can he be awaited for?
Answer:
If any contestant in Gymnastics falls ill, officials have to wait for him for thirty minutes.

Question 6.
How many players can be taken for team championship?
Answer:
For team championship six best Gymnasts shall be considered.

Swimming

Question 1.
How many types of swimming competitions are there?
Answer:
Following types of swimming competition are held:

For Boys:

Free style – 100, 200, 400, 800, 1500 m.
Back Stroke – 100, 200 m.
Breast Stroke – 100, 200 m.
Butterfly Stroke – 100 m.
Relay – 4 × 100 metre free style.
4 × 100 metre Medley (Breast, Back, Butterfly, Free Style)

For Girls :

Free Style – 100, 200 and 400 m.
Back Stroke – 100 m.
Breast Stroke – 100 m.
Butterfly Stroke – 100 m.
Relay – 4 × 100 metre free style.
4 × 100 metre Medley (Breast, Back Stroke)

Question 2.
How Heats and Finals in swimming competitions are organised?
Answer:
Heats and Finals in Swimming Competitions:
Seeding of Heats and Finals. The heats in all semi-finals and final swimming competitions shall be seeded as follows:

(1) Trial Hit

(1) The name, the order of time and the competitive time of all entrants are recorded on the admission form which is, then, sent to the competition committee. The competitor who does not get his or her time recorded in the form is listed at the bottom of the list. If there are more than one such competitors, their positions are decided by lots.

(2) The fastest swimmer or team is placed in the last heat, the next to him/it is placed in the last but one heat, and so on. In this way, all the swimmers or teams are fixed in various heats.

(3) When the lanes are in odd numbers, the fastest swimmers or team is placed in the central lane ; in case there are 6 or 5 lanes, the fastest swimmer or team is placed in third or fourth lane. The next to him/it in speed is placed to the right of the fastest swimmer/ team, and in this way, the other swimmers/teams are placed right or left according to their timing. The lane-position for the swimmers with equal timing is decided by lots.

(ii) Finals:
The lanes are determined in accordance with the above – mentioned rule 3 where the starting heats are not required. Where the starting heats have already been over, the lanes are determined according to Rule No. 3.

Question 3.
Mention the officials appointed to conduct swimming competitions?
Answer:
Officials for Olympic and International Swimming Competitions and other Swimming Competitions:

Referee-1
Starter-1
Chief Time Keeper-1
Time Keppers-3 per lane
Chief Judge-1
Finishing Judges-3 per lane
Inspectors of Turns-1
Announcer-1 each at both ends
Judges of Strokes-2
Recorder-1
Clerk of the House-1

For other competitions, the following minimum officials shall be as under:

Referee-1
Starter-1
Time Keepers-1 per lane
Finishing Judges-1 per lane
Inspectors of Turns and strokes-1 per every two lanes
Recorder-1

Question 4.
What precautions should we take in swimming?
Answer:
We must take following precautions in swimming:

We should come out from the water when the water enters our nose or mouth.
Inhale yourself according to your capacity.
When learning how to swim, do not go in deep water.
Shout at the time of drowning.
Don’t make noise while swimming.

Question 5.
How the points are awarded in swimming competition?
Answer:
The points are awarded by the following method. First, Second and Third position holders get 5-3-1 points respectively and in Relay races 16-6-2 points are awarded to first, second and third position holders.

Question 6.
Mention the main rules of swimming?
Answer:
Rules For Swimming:

The swimmer who obstructs any other swimmer during the swim shall be disqualified.
If a foul endangers the chance of success of a swimmer, the judges shall have the right to allow him to compete in the next round. If a foul occurs in the finals, the referee can allow him to swim again.
On return a competitor shall touch the end of the pool or end of the track with one or both hands. Diving from the bottom of the pool is not allowed.
A swimmer who stands on the both shall not be declared disqualified, but he shall not move.
Only the swimmer who covers the entire course shall be declared the winner.
In relay race, the competitor whose feet have lost touch with the starting block before his or her partner, going ahead of him or her touches.

Basketball

Question 1.
How many players take part in a Basket-Ball Game?
Answer:
There are twelve players in a Basket-ball game. Out of which 5 are taking part and seven are the substitutes.

Question 2.
What is the ledgth and breadth of a Basket-Ball court?
Answer:
Basket-Ball court is 28 metres in length and 15 metres in breadth.

Question 3.
What is the duration of a Basket-Ball Game? How you will decide the match in case of draw?
Answer:
The duration of the Basket-ball game is 10-2-10-10-10-2-10. At the time when match ended in draw extra 5-2-5 minutes are given, in case again it remains draw, extra 5-5 minutes are given without rest, after five minutes sides of basket-ball court are changed. This duration will be given till the match is decided.

Question 4.
How the Basket-Ball match is decided?
Answer:
The Basket-Ball match is decided in the way either team gets more points will be considered winner.

Question 5.
How many fouls are there in Basket-Ball Game?
Answer:
There are five fouls in Basket-Ball game. For examples:

Personal foul.
Technical foul.
Double foul.
Multiple foul.
Intentional foul.

Question 6.
After committing, how many fouls a player can be debarred from further play?
Answer:
When a player has committed five fouls, he is not allowed to play further.

Question 7.
How many time-outs are there in Basket-Ball game? Mention the duration of these time-outs?
Answer:
In Basket-Ball game two time-outs are there before interval for each team and two after the interval each team can take. The duration of time outs is one minute.

Question 8.
How many players can be substituted in game of Basket-Ball? How much time is consumed?
Answer:
In Basket-Ball game at any time, players can be substituted on the condition that the substituting team has a side throw and duration of the substitution is twenty seconds.

Question 9.
What is the weight of Basket-Ball? Also tell its diameter?
Answer:
The weight of Basket-ball is from 600 to 650 grams and its diameter from 75 to 78 cm.

Question 10.
What is the distance of poles outside from the Basket-Ball ground?
Answer:
The distance of pole from the end line of the court is one metre.

Question 11.
How the scores are made in Basket-Ball?
Answer:
When the basket is made directly a player gets two points. If it is made from free throw then there is one point. If the basket is made outside the shooting area, then there will be three points.

Question 12.
What is foul rule?
Answer:
If any team commits seven fouls in any half, the opponents get two free throws after each foul.

Question 13.
What is Eight Second rule?
Answer:
According to eight second rule a team is allowed only eight seconds to bring the ball in front court (opponent’s court). The same team cannot come back from front court.

Question 14.
What is three seconds rule?
Answer:
When a player stays more than three seconds in opponent restricted area, three seconds is given and opponents are awarded a throw in.

Question 15.
What do you understand about twenty six seconds rule?
Answer:
When a team has the control of the ball, and don’t try for score within 26 seconds then twenty six second rule is applied and opponents are awarded a throw-in. This opportunity seldom comes in the game.

Question 16.
How many officials are there to officiate the Basket-Ball game?
Answer:
There are following officials in a Basket-Ball game:

Referee – 1
Umpire – 1
Scorer – 1
Time Kepper – 1
30 Second Operators – 1

Question 17.
What is the length of Basket-Ball net?
Answer:
The length of the Basket-Ball net is 40 cm.

Athletics

Question 1.
In how many categories can we divide Athletics?
Answer:
We can divide athletics into two categories:

Track events – It includes all races.
Field events – It includes all jumps and throws.

Question 2.
In how many events can Athletics be divided?
Answer:

Races: 100, 200, 400, 800, 1500, 5000, 10,000 metre Races.
4 × 100, 4 × 400 metre relay races.
Throws: Discus throw, Hammer throw, Shot put, Javelin Throw.
Jumps: High Jump, Long Jump, Tripple Jump, Pole Vault.

Question 3.
What do you mean by sprints?
Answer:
Sprints are those races in which sprinters run at full speed for a short distances. These are 100, 200, 400, 4 × 100, 4 × 400 metre; relay races.

Question 4.
What are the middle distance races?
Answer:
Middle distance races are those races in which sprinters can run fast and are able to maintain their speed to cover the distance. These races are 800, 1500 metre.

Question 5.
What are the Relay Races?
Answer:
Relay Races are Team Races in which each team member runs an equal distance. In short relay races sprinters run at full speed as in sprint races. A team consists of four members and a baton is exchanged during races.

Question 6.
What are the main rules of Races?
Answer:
The main rules of the races are as under:
1. Sprints run in 4′ lanes so that there is no hindrance for each athlete.

2. Lanes are decided by lots.

3. On hearing ‘On your Mark’ from the starter the sprinter take their place behind the starting line at ‘On Set’ sprinters get ready and after the pistol is fired, the sprinters start running. If any sprinter take his start before the gun is fired, the starter cancels that start and the concerned sprinter is warned. If he repeats the samemistake, he is debarred from taking part in the race.

Question 7.
What are the different rules of throws?
Answer:
Rules of the throws:

Shot put, Discus and Hammer are thrown from the circle.
Before or after the throw no part of the body of the thrower should not touch the ground outside the circle.
After the throw, thrower should come out from the half back of the circle ; coming out from the front part of the circle is considered a foul.
All the throws will be valid if they fall within the restricted area.
If the participants are more than eight, they will get tnree chances each. Those athletes who are ahead in throws are selected and again given three chances. An athlete who covers the maximum distance is declared a winner.
In throw events once we take the implements inside the circle, we cannot throw it again at the back.
In Shot put, Hammer and Discus throws, it is necessary that these should fall within 40 degree lines of the circle.
Every throw is measured from the nearest point of landing considering a straight line from the outside of the circle.
Fingers are not valid for measuring the distance.
Thrower cannot leave his circle while his throw has touched the floor.

Question 8.
How are the points awarded selecting the champion in the races?
Answer:
In races points are awarded as under :

First Position = 5
Second Position = 3
Third Position = 1

If there are Relay Races then the points are awarded as follows:

First Position = 10
Second Position = 6
Third Position = 2

Question 9.
What are the degrees of angles in Shotput, Discus and Hammer throw?
Answer:
In Shotput, Discus and Hammer throw the degree of circle is 40°.

Question 10.
What is the breadth of lane of 100, 200, 400 metre races?
Answer:
The breadth of lane in these races is 1.25 metre or 4′.1″.

Question 11.
What is a standard track?
Answer:
That Track is known as standard track which consists of Eight lanes, but in general six lane tracks are also used.

Question 12.
How is the start taken?
Answer:
The starts is taken as under

On Your Marks Set
Gun or Pistol Fire.

Question 13.
How many races are included in track events?
Answer:
100, 200, 400, 800, 1500, 5000, 10,000 metre races are included in track events.

Question 14.
Which are the tips that the athletes running 100,200 and 400 metre races should keep in mind?
Answer:
The following are some important tips that such athletes should keep in mind:

They should breathe normally.
When ordered to get set, they should hold their breath and should start running when they hear the gun shot.
They must not stop on sit after they finish their race.
They should be conscious about their position, so that they can run the first a few steps in a straight line.
To be confident about the start, they must practise a couple of starts slowly before the event.
Each time before they take the start, they must run for 30 or 40 metres.
They must practise at least 10 starts everyday.

Question 15.
How many ‘foul starts’ lead to the disqualification of the athlete for the race?
Answer:
Two foul starts in races and 3 such starts in tholon and decatholon make an athlete ineligible to take part in that event.

Question 16.
Describe the rules for the athletes of track events?
Answer:
The following tare the rules for the athletes of track events:

They should wear a clear outfit which does not hinder or obstract their movement.
They can run either wearing spikes or base footed.
An athlete is disqualified if he obstructs a fellow athlete or hinders his progress.
Every athlete wears his number clearly at the back and the front.
The athlete must stick to their allotted lanes throughout the race.
If an athlete delibrately leaves his lane, he is disqualified.
The jugdes can accommodate a player appropriately if both track and field events start simultaneously.
The athletes must not use banned drugs and intoxicants. If any athlete is found using such a substance, he is disqualified.
The start of 800 metres race is announced in native language “On Your Mark” and the whistle is blown to start the race.
The athlete shouldn’t touch the ground or the starting-line when “On Your Mark” has been announced.
An athlete, who makes two foul starts, is disqualified from the race.
The winner of a race is decided at the ‘finishing line’. The athlete, who touches the line first by any part of his body, is declared the winner.
If in a hurdles race the referee thinks that a particular athlete delibrately throws a hurdle down by his hand or foot he can duly disqualify that athlete.
If there are a large number of athletes in a ‘throw’ event, the referee sets a qualifying mark and gives six chances to each athlete.

Question 17.
Which are the different hurdles races? Describe briefly?
Answer:
The following are the hurdles races:

110 Metres hurdles
200 Metres hurdles
400 Metres hurdles.

1. The 110 Metres Hurdles:
There are ten hurdles in this race. The first hurdle is placed at 10.72 metres and the rest are placed at a distance of 9.14 metres except the last one which is placed at a distance of 14.02 metres. The height of the hurdles for boys is 1.06 metres which it is 89 cms. in 100 metres hurdles for senior girls and 76 cms. for junior girls.

2. 200 Metres Hurdles:
There are 10 hurdles in this race also. But the first hurdle is placed at 18.29 metres from the starting line and the last one is at a distance of 17.10 metres.

3. 400 Metres Hurdles:
In this race also there are 10 hurdles. The first hurdle is placed at 45 metres from the starting line, the remaining hurdles are at a distance of 35 metres and the last one, at 40 metres.

Question 18.
Write the measurements of the circles for Shotput, Hammer Throw and the Discus Throw?
Answer:
1. Shot put
2. 135 metres

2. Hammer throw

3.135 metres
3. Discus throw2.50 metres.

Question 19.
Describe the events on pentatholon and the Decatholon:
Answer:
(a) The following 5 events are included in pentatholon:

Long Jump
Javelin Throw
200 Metre race
Discuss Throw
100 Metres Hurdles Race

(b) The following 10 events make up the decatholon:

100 Metres Race
Long Jump
Shot put
High Jump
Four hundred Metres Race
110 Metres Hurdles Race
Discus Throw
Pole Vault
Javelin Throw
1500 Metres Race

Question 20.
Describe the weight and ‘Length of Javelin’ for boys and girls?
Answer:
The weight of the Javelin is 800 gms. for boys and between 600 and 625 gms. for girls. The length of the Javelin for boys is between 2.60 and 2.70 metres where the same for girls is between 2.20 and 2.30 metres.

Question 21.
What is the weight of the shot for hoys and girls?
Answer:
The weight of the shot for boys is 6 kg. and for girls it is 4 kg.

Table Tennis

Question 1.
Describe the length and width of the table in Table Tennis?
Answer:
The length of table of Table Tennis is 27. 4 cm. and breadth 15.25 cm.

Question 2.
How many types of games of Table Tennis is?
Answer:
I. Singles
II. Doubles.

Question 3.
Mention the number of players who take part in Table Tennis game?
Answer:
In singles there are two players, out of one actually plays the game and other is a substitute. In doubles there are three players, out of whom one is a substitute.

Question 4.
How is the game of Table Tennis started?
Answer:
A player who wins the toss decides for the service and loser for the side of the table.

Question 5.
Mention the length and height of the net of Table Tennis, game?
Answer:
The net is 183 cms. in length. Its upper part is at the height of 15.25 cms. from the playing surface.

Question 6.
Mention the weight and circumference of the Table Tennis ball?
Answer:
The weight of Table Tennis ball is not less than 2.40 gm. and not more than 2.53 gm. Its diameter is not more than 38.2 mm, and not less than 37.2 mm.

Question 7.
Describe about the Racket of TableTennis game?
Answer:
Racket can be of any type of any weight but its surface must be of dark colour.

Question 8.
How shall we judge the correctness of the Table Tennis ball?
Answer:
When the Table Tennis ball is thrown downward from the height of 3.05 metres; it should bounce not less than 22 cms. and not more the 25 cms.

Question 9.
How many points are there in a game of Table Tennis?
Answer:
A player or pair who scores first 21 points shall win the game. If both the players or pairs score 20 points, then that player or pair shall be winner who scores 2 point before the other player or pair.

Question 10.
How are points scored in the game of Table Tennis and how is the game won?
Answer:
A player shall lose a point in case:

He fails to deliver good service.
He fails to deliver good return when his opponent has mad good service or return.
He or his racket touches the net when the ball is in play.
His free hand touches the playing surface when the ball is in play.
He returns the ball with volley.
In doubles, he strikes the ball out of turn.

Cricket

Question 1.
How many players are there in a cricket Team?
Answer:
There are eleven players who actually play the game of cricket and five are substitutes.

Question 2.
Write the weight and diameter of a cricket ball?
Answer:
The weight of the cricket ball is from 155.9 Grams,(5 \(\frac{1}{2}\) ounces) to 163 grams (5 \(\frac{3}{4}\) ounce) and its diameter is from 22.4 cm (8 \(\frac{13}{16}\)“) to 22.9 cm. (9”).

Question 3.
Write the number of officials who officiate in the cricket match?
Answer:
Umpires = 2. Scorers = 2.

Question 4.
Tell the length and breadth of a cricket bat?
Answer:
The length of a cricket bat is 96.5 cms. and breadth 10.8 ms.

Question 5.
Write the distance of cricket stumps from one another?
Answer:
20.21 metres or 22 yards.

Question 6.
What do you understand by dead ball in cricket?
Answer:
A ball becomes dead:

when the bowler or wicket keeper holds the ball properly.
when the ball reaches the boundry line or bounces outside the boundry.
when the ball, without being played, lodges in the dress of a batsman or a bowler.
when a batsman is out.
if the umpire decides to stop the game after the bowler gets back the ball.
On the call of “over” or ‘time’ by the umpire.

Question 7.
What is an ‘over’ in a cricket?
Answer:
In each over the ball is bowled six times, no ball and wide ball are not reckoned in an over. The number of extra balls bowled in an over shall be equal to the number of “no balls” in that over.If the umpire fail to remember the number of balls in over, the over considered by the umpire shall not be counted.

Question 8.
What do you understand by the following?

No ball
Wide ball
Bye and leg bye
Out of his Ground
Batsman’s Retirement
Bowled
Catch
Handle the ball
Hit the ball twice
Wicket is down or Hit wicked
LBW (Leg Before Wicket)
Obstructing the field
Stumped
Run out
Wicket-keeper
Fielder

Answer:
No Ball. While playing the ball if the front foot of the bowler goes ahead of the batting crease or cuts the returning crease, the umpire declares No Ball. After hitting the ball the batsman can make as many runs as possible. The runs made in this way will be added to the score. If no run has been made, only one run will be added to the score. By spreading one of his arms the umpire gives the signal of no ball.

Wide Ball:
The umpire declares a wide ball if the bowler bowls the ball high over or wide the wicket which, in the opinion of the umpire, is out of the reach of the batsman. The runs made during the wide ball are reckoned in the wide ball. If no run is attemped, it is reckoned one run. The umpire gives the signal of wide ball by spreading his both arms straight.

Bye and Leg-bye:
The umpire shall declare ‘bye’ if the properly bowled ball passes the batsman (striker), without touching his bat or body and the run is obtained. But it should not be no ball or wide ball. But if the ball touches any part of the striker’s body except his hands which hold the bat and any run is got, the umpire shall declare “leg-bye”.

Out of his Grond:
A batsman shall be reckoned to be out of his ground until some part of his bat in hand or of his person is grounded behind the ground of popping crease.

Batsman’s Retirement:
A batsman owing to illness or injury may retire at any time. He may bat but he will have to seek the permission of the captain of the opposing team to know his number of batting.

Bowled:
If the wicket is bowled down, the striker (batsman) is said to be bowled out, even if the ball has touched first his body or foot.

Catch:
If the ball from the stroke of a bat or of the hand holding the bat (not the wrist) is caught by a fields man before it touches the ground, the batsman is “caught out”. At the time of a catch both the feet of the fields man should be on the ground of the playfield. If the fieldman catches the ball out of the boundary line, the batsman is not reckoned to be out, but is awarded 6 runs. If the ball lodges in the pads of the wicket-keeper, the batsman shall be reckoned to be “caught out”.

Handle the Ball:
During play, if the batsmen touches the ball with his hand he shall be reckoned to be out – “handle the ball out”.

Hit the Ball Twice:
If the ball is struck or stopped by any part of the batsman’s body after it has been hit, and if the batsman deliberately strikes it again, he shall be out” The ball can be hit twice only to defend the wicket but the condition is that it must have been done to defend the wicket. If any run is made in this process, it is not counted.

Wicket is Down or Hit Wicket. If during the play, the batsman hits down his wicket with any parts of the bat or body, it is called “hit wicket out”. If the wicket falls down as a result of the fall of his cap or hat or any broken part of his bat, even then he shall be reckoned to be “hit wicket out”.

L.B.W. (Leg Before Wicket). The batsman is considered to be “L.B.W. out” when he tries to obstruct the ball with any part of his body before touching the ball with his bat, and in the opinion of the umpire, the ball and wicket are in a straight line. If the batsman had not obstructed the ball with any part of his body, the ball would have straight hit the wicket.

Obstructing the field:
If a batsman deliberately obstructs a fieldsman from catching the ball, he can be out “obstructing the field”.

Stumped:
A batsman is out of his ground if his bat in hand or his foot is not on the ground behind the supposed popping crease. The batsman is considered to be out stumped when the ball is not “no ball” and is bowled and the batsman goes out of his ground otherwise than attempting a run, and the wicket-keeper outstumps the wicket (removes the stumps placed over the wickets).

Run Out:
The batsman is run out when the ball is in play, the batsman goes out of his ground to score a run, and his wicket is put down by the opposite side. If batsman cross each other, that batsman will be considered to be “run out” who is running to the fallen wicket.

Wicket-keeper:
The wicket-keeper shall always remain behind the wickets untill a ball delivered by a bowler touches the bat or the body of the striker or passes the wicket or the batsman is “out”. He cannot catch the ball.

Fielders:
The fieldsman can stop the ball with any part of his body. He is not allowed to stop the ball with his cap. ff he does so, its penalty shall be four runs. In case no run has been made, four runs shall be added.

Question 9.
What do you understand by the following:

Mendatory over
One-day match.

Answer:
Mandatory over:
On the last day of the match, one hour before the close of the match, the umpire signals about the mandatory over. After this, a game of 20 over is played. 6 Balls are bowled in an over. If it seems the match would be a draw, the game can be ended before the completion of these overs.

One-day Match:
There is a one-day national and international match, in which both the teams play in 40-40 or 50-50 overs. The team which scores more runs becomes the winner.

Dumbbell Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

October 22, 2024October 21, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Dumbbell Game Rules.

Dumbbell Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 1.
What are Dumbbells? Write about its types.
Answer:
Dumbbell:
Dumbbell is an ancient Indian method of exercise, which can be performed indoor or outdoor.
Dumbbell is of two types-
(1) Iron Dumbbell
(2) Wooden Dumbbell: The dumbbell is very thick and heavy and in the middle, it is very thin. Hold the handle and struck them with each other, so the voice 1 may be produced. In this exercise position one, position two, position three and positions are performed.
Dumbbell Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education 1
2. Body position while doing dumbbell:
The ankle should close and the finger should be open, knee and leg should be straight. The shoulder keeping backward and chest should be straight’ while doing, dumbbell from rest position to attention position and attention to rest position catch the dumbbell in both hands. The leader command the attention position, on the direction of the leader, student acquire the attention position, while folding the dumbbell v both hands and raising the hand upward.

Bend the dumbbell towards the elbow and bring the dumbbell from left hand to right hand. When the dumbbell meet each other, the noise is created, after this the leader in other vishram position. Student raise his right hand and keeping the dumbbell near the earth and make the noise. They will bring both dumbbell at the back and make the noise together. After this, on order of attention, the student should bend the elbow and strike the dumbbell with each other.

In this position, acquire the attention position. The ankle should be meet each other and finger should be spread out. In this way, noise created by striking each other. Second position is changed from first position, keeping both the hand straight in front of the body.

The palm should be pointed towards the earth, in the position dumbbell strick again. After coming third position is changed. From third position we gained first position. In this position, the palm of the hand should be upward, bring the hand near the chin and strike dumbbell each other and remain the attention position.

The exercise should be performed by counting sixteen. In exercise, there are four positions-

First Position
Second Position
Third Position
Fourth Position.

1. First Position:
In first position, student will remain in attention position. By folding raise the hand upward and bring the hand near the chin. In this position, palm and the dumbbell strike with each other.

2. Second Position:
In second position, this position is very mentioning. The arm should bring downward from upward and bring the arm backward. In this position, again dumbbell is strike with each other.

3. Third Position:
In third position, hand should be moved, after straight the both hands, the elbow should be near the body, again in this position dumbbell strike.

4. Fourth Position:
In fourth position, student came in attention position and bring the both hands with dumbbell near the body.

PSEB 10th Class SST Solutions History Chapter 7 Ranjit Singh: Early Life, Achievements and Anglo-Sikh Relations

October 21, 2024October 20, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Social Science Book Solutions History Chapter 7 Ranjit Singh: Early Life, Achievements and Anglo-Sikh Relations Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 7 Ranjit Singh: Early Life, Achievements and Anglo-Sikh Relations

SST Guide for Class 10 PSEB Ranjit Singh: Early Life, Achievements and Anglo-Sikh Relations Textbook Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions in 10-15 words :

Question 1.
When was Ranjit Singh born? What was his father’s name?
Answer:
Ranjit Singh was born on November 13, 1780 at Gujranwala. Sardar Mahan Singh was his father. He was the chief of the Sukerchakiya Misl.

Question 2.
Who was Mehtab Kaur?
Answer:
Mehtab Kaur was Ranjit Singh’s wife. She was the daughter of Gurbax Singh and grand daughter of Jai Singh of Kanheya Misl.

Question 3.
Which Era is termed as the Patronage of Trio?
Answer:
Ranjit Singh was a minor when his father, Mahan Singh died. Therefore, from 1792 to 1797 A.D., the reins of the Sukarchakiya Misl remained in the hands of Raj Kaur (his mother), Sada Kaur (his mother-in-law) and Dewan Lakhpat Rai. This period is called the period of Trio.

Question 4.
Why did the residents of Lahore invite Ranjit Singh to attack Lahore?
Answer:
Lahore was ruled by three Bhangi sardars named Chet Singh, Mohar Singh and Sahib Singh. The residents of Lahore were fed up with the cruelties of these sardars. So – they invited Ranjit Singh to attack Lahore.

Question 5.
Name the Sardars who were against Ranjit Singh in the Battle of Bhasin.
Answer:
Gulab Singh of Amritsar. Sahib Singh of Gujrat, Jodh Singh of Wazirabad and -Jassa Singh of Ramgarhia Misl were opposed to Ranjit Singh in the Battle of Bhasin.

Question 6.
Why did Maharaja Ranjit Singh attack Amritsar and Lohgarh?
Answer:
Amritsar had become the religious capital of the Sikhs. Similarly Lohgarh had military importance. Ranjit Singh attacked Amritsar and Lohgarh to capture them.

Question 7.
Of which Misl was Tara Singh Gheba the leader?
Answer:
Tara Singh Gheba was the leader of Dallewalia Misl. He was a very brave and powerful Misl Chief.

Answer the following questions in 30-50 words:

Question 1.
Write about Ranjit Singh’s childhood and education.
Answer:
Ranjit Singh was the only son of his parents. In his childhood, he was brought up with great care. When he was five years old, he was sent for receiving education to the Dharmshala of Bhai Bhagu Singh at Gujranwala. But he showed no interest in studies. He, therefore, remained unlettered throughout his life. Thus most of his time was spent in hunting and other amusements. In his childhood, he had become a good swordsman and a horseman. He had been the victim of smallpox in his childhood. Thus, due to this terrible disease, he lost his left eye.

Question 2.
Describe the events of bravery of Ranjit Singh’s childhood.
Answer:
Ranjit Singh had all the qualities of a brave warrior. He was just 10 years old, when he began to fight in the battles along with his father and fought very bravely. At the age of 11, one day he, while hunting, Hashmat Khan, an enemy of his father finding him all alone, attacked him. Ranjit Singh faced Hashmat Khan very bravely and killed him on the spot. These events show the bravery of Ranjit Singh in his childhood.

Question 3.
Describe the events of occupation of Lahore by Ranjit Singh.
Answer:
Ranjit Singh conquered Lahore at the very first opportunity. In those days, Lahore was under the rule of three Bhangi sardars named Chet Singh, Mohar Singh and Sahib Singh. The residents of Lahore were fed up with the cruelties of these sardars. So they invited Ranjit Singh to attack Lahore. Ranjit Singh lost no time in attacking Lahore with a large army. On hearing the news of the attack, Mohar Singh and Sahib Singh fled away. Only Chet Singh feebly resisted Ranjit Singh’s army. But he was defeated. In this way, Ranjit Singh captured Lahore in July, 1799 A.D.

Question 4.
Write the significance of the conquest of Amritsar.
Answer:
The importance of the conquest of Amritsar by Ranjit Singh was as under:

It was the religious capital of the Sikhs. Its occupation raised the prestige of Ranjit Singh.
As a result of the conquest of Amritsar, the military power of Ranjit Singh increased.
The fort of Lohgarh proved to be a boon for Ranjit Singh. He got the famous gun Zamzama from Mai Sukhan.
Ranjit Singh got the services of Akali Phool Singh and his 2000 Nihang comrades. Because of the extraordinary courage and bravery of the Nihangs, Ranjit Singh won many glorious victories.
As a result of the conquest of Amritsar, Ranjit Singh’s name and fame spread far and wide. Many Indians gave up the jobs of the East India Company and got employment with Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Many European soldiers also joined the army of the Maharaja.

Question 5.
How did Maharaja Ranjit Singh occupy friendly Misls?
Answer:
Ranjit Singh was a great diplomat. He befriended the rulers of Ahluwalia, Kanahiya and Ramgarhia Misls. Finding a suitable opportunity, he captured these Misls.

Following is the description of the conquests of these Misls by Ranjit Singh:

Occupation of the Kanahiya Misl. The Kanahiya Misl was led by the mother- in-law of Ranjit Singh. In 1812 A.D., Ranjit Singh got from her many regions of this Misl except Wadni.
Capture of the Ramgarhia Misl. The leader of this Misl was Jodh Singh Ramgarhia. He died in 1815 A.D. and Ranjit Singh merged all his territories in his state.
Ahluwalia Misl. In 1826 A.D., Ranjit Singh broke his relations with Fateh Singh of Ahluwalia Misl. As a result, he captured many territories of Ahluwalia Misl. But in 1827 A.D., they became Mends again.

Question 6.
Write the consequences of the conquest of Multan by Ranjit Singh.
Answer:
The conquest of Multan was an important military achievement of Ranjit Singh. The significance of this victory can be known from the following facts :
1. A Death blow to the Afghan Power. It is aptly said that “the conquest of Multan ended the Afghan influence in the Punjab.” Ranjit Singh completely smashed the power of the Afghans.

2. Commercial and Strategic Advantages. The victory of Multan was also important from the commercial as well as military point of view. Trade with Sindh and Afghanistan began to be carried on through this route. Consequently, the trade in Punjab made much progress. In addition to this, Multan was situated on the route from Delhi to Kandhar.

3. Increase in the Revenue. The victory of Multan also increased the income of Ranjit Singh. It is estimated that Ranjit Singh received an income of about 7 lakh rupees a year only from the Multan town.

4. Increase in the Prestige of Ranjit Singh. With the victory of Multan, the fame of Ranjit Singh spread in all the four corners of the Punjab.

Question 7.
Describe thle battle of Attock.
Answer:
An understanding was reached between Ranjit Singh and Fateh Khan of Kabul in 1813 A.D. It was decided that Ranjit Singh would send 12 thousand soldiers to help Fateh Khan for the conquest of Kashmir and Fateh Khan, in return, would give him one- third of the conquered territories in addition to the booty of war. Besides, Ranjit Singh promised to help Fateh Khan in his conquest of Attock, whereas Fateh Khan would help Ranjit Singh in the conquest of Multan.

The combined forces of Ranjit Singh and Fateh Khan conquered Kashmir with great ease but Fateh Khan did not fulfil his promise. He did not pay him anything out of the money looted by him by the conquest of Kashmir. Ranjit Singh attacked Attock in a fury (according to the treaty, Fateh Khan was to occupy Attock). His commander-in-chief Azizuddin took Attock from Jahandad Khan and gave him one lakh rupees and a big jagir. Fateh Khan could not tolerate this. He attacked Attock with a big army immediately. A furious battle was fought between the Sikhs and the Afghans at Hazro near Attock. The Sikhs came out victorious in this battle.

Question 8.
Write about the question of Sindh.
Answer:
The Sindh region, being situated on the South-western front of Lahore, had a great military importance. It was essential for Ranjit Singh to capture it so that he might save his state from foreign invasions from this side.

The British Government understood well the commercial importance of Sindh and Shikarpur. So it did not want this region to fall into the hands of Ranjit Singh. In 1831 A.D. the British Government sent one of its navigators Burns to the Amirs of Sindh for a commercial treaty. It also sent a gift for Ranjit Singh through this Mission, so that he could not judge the intentions of the British. Although the nature of this Mission was friendly, yet it created doubts in the mind of Ranjit Singh against the Sindh policy of the British.

Question 9.
What was the question of Shikarpur?
Answer:
On the question of Shikarpur also there was a lot of tension between the British and Ranjit Singh. Since 1832 A.D., Ranjit Singh was waiting for a suitable opportunity to occupy Shikarpur. He got this opportunity when the people of Mazari tribe attacked the border regions of Lahore kingdom. Ranjit Singh tried to capture Shikarpur by holding the Amirs of Sindh guilty of Mazari invasions. But the British were also watching the activities of Ranjit Singh. So as soon as he went ahead to capture Shikarpur, the British also sent troops to check Ranjit Singh from occupying Shikarpur. Ranjit Singh had to withdraw his forces.

Question 10.
Write about the events related to Ferozepur.
Answer:
The question of Ferozepur had special significance in the relations between Ranjit Singh and the British from 1809 A.D. to 1838 A.D. Though Ranjit Singh’s claim to Ferozepur was proper and justified, yet the British did not let him capture it. The British Government itself occupied Ferozepur in 1835 A.D. and after three years, made it its own permanent military station. But even this time, the Maharaja had to swallow the bitter pill.

Answer the following questions in about 100-120 words :

Question 1.
How did Ranjit Singh conquer the weak Misls?
Answer:
Ranjit Singh was a shrewd politician. He befriended the rulers of powerful Misls. He started occupying the territories of weak misls with their help. From 1800 to 1811 A.D., he conquered the following Misls :
1. Conquest of Akalgarh (1801 A.D.). In 1801 A.D. after the battle of Bhasin, Dal Singh of Akalgarh (maternal uncle of Ranjit Singh’s father) and Sahib Singh of Gujarat started preparations for the attack on Lahore. When Ranjit Singh, came to know about it, he attacked Akalgarh and made Dal Singh a prisoner. Soon after this, Dal Singh was released and he died after some time. Ranjit Singh annexed his territory into his Kingdom. He gave a small tract of land to the widow of Dal Singh.

2. Occupation of Chaniot (1802 A.D.). Chaniot was under Jassa Singh, son of Karam Singh. In 1802 A.D., with the help of Fateh Singh Ahluwalia, Maharaja Ranjit Singh attacked Chaniot. Jassa Singh was defeated and Ranjit Singh occupied Chaniot.

3. Conquest of Malwa by Ranjit Singh (1806 A.D.). In 1806 A.D., there arose a quarrel between Raja Sahib Singh of Patiala and Raja Jaswant Singh of Nabha on the question of the Doladhi village. Jaswant Singh, through the medium of Raja Bhag Singh of Jind, invited Ranjit Singh to settle their dispute. Ranjit Singh attacked the Malwa region. He brought twenty thousand horsemen with him. Fateh Singh Ahluwalia stood by the Maharaja in capturing the Doladhi village, Ranjit Singh proceeded towards Patiala. He got a large amount of Nazrana from the rulers of Patiala, Nabha and Jind. On his way back, Ranjit Singh also occupied Ludhiana, Raikot, Jagraon and Ghungrana.

In 1807 A.D. Ranjit Singh attacked Malwa for the second time. The Raja of Patiala, Sahib Singh and his wife Aas Kaur were on bad terms. Ranjit Singh got a chance to interfere in their internal affairs. On reaching Patiala, he got a heavy amount as ‘Nazrana’ from Sahib Singh of Patiala. After this, he captured the areas of Naraingarh, Wadni, Zira and Kotkapura. He also got Nazrana from the rulers of Kaithal, Shahbad, Ambala, Kalsian and Malerkotla.

4. Conquest of the Dallehwalia Misl. The leader of the Dallehwalia Misl, Tara Singh Gheba was quite powerful. So Ranjit Singh could not conquer this Misl while he was alive. After Tara Singh’s death in 1807 A.D., Ranjit Singh defeated his widow at Rahon and captured all the territories of the Dallehwalia Misl.

5. Conquest of Sialkot (1808 A.D.). Jeewan Singh was the ruler of Sialkot. Maharaja Ranjit Singh demanded the territory of Sialkot from him. On his refusal, Ranjit Singh attacked Sialkot. Jeewan Singh surrendered. Maharaja merged Sialkot into his kingdom.

6. Conquest of Gujpat. At the time of Ranjit Singh’s, attack on Lahore, its Bhangi ruler Sahib Singh had run away’. Now he was ruling over the regions of Jalalpur, Islamgarh and Gujrat. The income from these regions was very high. To conquer them, Ranjit Singh attacked Sahib Singh. Sahib Singh was defeated. Ranjit Singh granted him a Jagir and annexed all his territories to his kingdom.

7. Conquest of Karorsinghia Misl. Kahan Singh ruled over Karorsinghia Misl. Ranjit Smgh asked him to come to his court. On his refusal, Ranjit Singh seized all his territories.

8. Conquest of the Fazalpuria Misl. Budh Singh ruled over the Fazalpuria Misl and it was spread on either side of the river Sutlej. Ranjit Singh first asked him to surrender. But when he refused, Ranjit Singh forcibly merged all his territories into his kingdom in 1811 A.D. These regions included Doab, Jalandhar, Hetpur and Patti.

9. Conquest of the Nakai Misl. This Misl was also ruled by the ruler of Karorsinghia Misl, Kahan Singh. When in 1807 A.D. Ranjit Singh defeated him, he also captured the Nakai Misl along with the Karorsinghia Misl.

Question 2.
Describe the conquest of Kashmir by Ranjit Singh.
Answer:
Kashmir, for its charming beauty and green scenery, was known as the ‘Paradise on Earth’. Naturally, Ranjit Singh was lured to capture it. He wanted to make his kingdom a heaven on the earth.

For this, he made the following efforts :
1. Pact with Kabul and Wazir Fateh Khan. In 1811-12 A.D. Ranjit Singh’s forces captured Bhimbar and Rajauwri near Kashmir. Now they wanted to attack the Kashmir valley. But at the same time Fateh Khan, the Wazir of Kabul also planned to capture Kashmir. Both Ranjit Singh and Fateh Khan met at a place known as Rohtas on the banks of the Jhelum in 1813 A.D. A treaty was concluded between the two according to which the combined forces of both the parties would attack Kashmir.

According to it, Ranjit Singh was to get Rs. 9 lakhs from the spoils of the war and Fateh Khan was also to help him in the conquest of Multan. After the terms were settled, a 12000 strong Sikh force under the command of Dewan Mohkam Chand advanced towards Kashmir from the side of Jhelum along with the forces of Kabul. But Fateh Khan did not want, that any credit for this expedition should go to the Sikh army. He left the Sikh forces behind and himself with his army entered the Kashmir valley. Atta Mohammad Khan of Kashmir faced the enemy at a place named Shergarh. Fateh Khan, without the help of Sikh forces, defeated Atta Mohammad Khan. But Ranjit Singh wras not such a man as to bear all this rebuff.

2. Attack on Kashmir. In June 1814, Ram Dayal, a grandson of Diwan Mohkam Chand was given the command of the Kashmir expedition. The Sikh forces attacked Kashmir. At that time, Azim Khan, the brother of Fateh Khan was the Subedar of Kashmir. He made preparations to face this invasion. The forces under the command of Ram Dayal passed through the Pir Panchal Pass and entered the Kashmir valley. Azim Khan attacked the Sikh forces. The Sikh soldiers had to face misfortunes. Even then Ram Dayal faced the enemy bravely. At last, both the parties started negotiations for peace.

3. Occupation of Kashmir 1819 A.D. After the conquest of Multan in 1818 A.D., the Sikh forces were much encouraged. So Ranjit Singh began to plan the third invasion of Kashmir. Azim Khan the Subedar of Kashmir had gone to Afghanistan. Ranjit Singh thought of availing of this opportunity and under the command of Misar Dewan Chand sent 12000 Sikh soldiers to Kashmir. The second contingent under Kharak Singh, (Ranjit Singh’s son) was also sent to Kashmir and the third contingent under Ranjit Singh himself also set out for Wazirabad. Misar Dewan Chand reached Bhimber and captured Rajauri, Pir Panchal and Poonchh. After this, the Sikh forces entered Kashmir. Jabbar Khan faced the Sikh army at Sopavan. On the 5th July 1819, the Sikh army captured the forts of Sri Nagar, Shergarh and Agungarh. Thus Ranjit Singh came out victorious and consequently he annexed Kashmir in 1819. Ranjit Singh appointed Diwan Moti Ram, the son of Diwan Mohkam Chand, as the Governor of Kashmir.

Importance. The conquest of Kashmir is important due to the following reasons:

The victory of Kashmir increased the prestige of Ranjit Singh,
Kashmir was a good source of income and its annexation brought Ranjit Singh an annual income of Rs. 36 lakh,
The conquest of Kashmir put an end to the power and prestige of the Afghans.

Question 3.
Describe the conquest of Multan by Ranjit Singh.
Answer:
The territory of Multan was important both from the military and commercial viewpoint. The story of the conquest of Multan by Ranjit Singh is briefly given as under :
1. First Expedition. It was in 1802 A.D. that Ranjit Singh attacked Multan for the first time. Muzzaffar Khan ‘“the Nawab of Multan” gave a heavy amount of money to Ranjit Singh and agreed to pay an annual tribute. Thus Ranjit Singh returned home without a battle but with a huge sum of money.

2. Second Expedition. Muzzaffar Khan had agreed to pay an annual tribute to Ranjit Singh but he did not send Nazrana to him. Consequently, Ranjit Singh launched his second expedition against Multan in 1805 A.D. But when Ranjit Singh received the news that the Maratha chief Jaswant Rao Holkar, after being defeated by the British, had entered Punjab, he had to return to Lahore.

3. Third Expedition (1807 A.D.). In 1807 A.D., Ranjit Singh sent his third expedition against Multan. The Sikh army captured some territory of Multan. But the Nawab of Bahawalpur acted as a mediator and a peace treaty was concluded between them.

4. Fourth Expedition. On February 24, 1810, the army of Maharaja occupied some parts of Multan. On February 25, the Sikh forces besieged the fort of Multan. But on the one hand, the food supplies of the Sikhs were being exhausted rapidly and on the other hand, Dewan Mohkam Chand also fell ill. Under these circumstances, Ranjit Singh was forced to lift the siege of the fort.

5. Fifth Expedition (1816 A.D.). In 1816 A.D. the Maharaja sent Akali Phoola Singh along with a large army to collect the revenue from the rulers of Multan and Bahawalpur. He was able to occupy the suburbs of Multan. The Nawab of Multan, therefore, concluded a pact with Akali Phoola Singh.

6. Final Expedition (1818). (i) The Sikh forces under the command of Dewan Bhawani Dass, attacked Multan but could not succeed, (ii) In January 1818 the Sikh army consisting of 20,000 soldiers under the command of Misar Dewan Chand attacked Multan. Nawab Muzzaffar Khan with 2,000 soldiers entered the fort. After capturing the city, the Sikh soldiers laid a siege to the fort. At last, Sohan Singh along with his few chosen companions was -successful in entering the fort through the Khizri gate. Thus the Sikhs finally captured Multan in 1818. The civil administration was entrusted to Sukh Dayal and the work of the supervision of the military administration was assigned to Baj Singh. Jamadar Khushal Singh was appointed as the Chief Police Commissioner. Dewan Sawan Mai was appointed as the Subedar of Multan.

Importance:

With the victory of Multan, the fame of Ranjit Singh spread to all the four corners of the Punjab,
The victory of Multan gave a death blow to the Afghan power.
The victory of Multan strengthened the economic position of Ranjit Singh. The trade in Punjab made much progress,
The Muslims of Sindh and Bahawalpur were separated permanently from each other. In future, they would not be in a position to forge a united front against Ranjit Singh.

Question 4.
Describe the conquest of Peshawar by Ranjit Singh.
Answer:
Peshawar had special strategic importance as it was situated on the north-western frontier of the Punjab. Because of its geographical situation, it had great importance from military point of view.

After Multan’s conquest, Ranjit Singh paid his attention to Peshawar. He wanted to capture Peshawar.
1. First Expedition against Peshawar in 1818 A.D. Lawlessness was prevailing in the state of Kabul. Ranjit Singh exploited this situation. He, alongwith Akali Phoola Singh and Hari Singh Nalwa, marched towards Peshawar. His army was greatly opposed by the Khatak tribe. But the Sikh soldiers defeated it and captured the forts of Khairabad and Jahangira. Next, the Sikh forces advanced towards Peshawar. At that time, Yaar Mohammad Khan was the ruler of Peshawar. On November 20, 1818 A.D. Ranjit Singh was able to occupy Peshawar without any difficulty. But he realised that in order to annex Peshawar to his kingdom, he lacked sufficient power. Therefore, he appointed Jahandad Khan, the ex-Governor of Attock, as the Governor of Peshawar and himself returned to Lahore.

2. Second Invasion of Peshawar. When the Sikh forces returned to Lahore, Yaar Mohammad Khan fell upon Jahandad Khan and compelled him to run away. Ranjit Singh sent a force of 12,000 soldiers under the command of prince Kharak Singh and Misar Diwan Chand to attack Peshawar. But Yaar Mohammad Khan did not deem it proper to fight against the Sikhs and accepted Ranjit Singh’s suzerainty.

3. Third Invasion of Peshawar. In the meantime, Azim Khan the new Wazir of Kabul attacked Peshawar. In January, 1823, he defeated Yaar Mohammad Khan and occupied Peshawar. When Ranjit Singh came to know about it, he despatced a big army under his able generals including Hari Singh Nalwa, Prince Sher Singh and Attar Singh Atariwala. Azim Khan declared a Jehad or crusade against the Sikhs. On March 14, 1823 A.D. fierce battles took place between the Sikhs and the Afghans at Naushehra and Tibba, (also called Tibba Tehri). Akali Phoola Singh lost his life in this battle. Then the Sikh forces saw Ranjit Singh himself in the battle-field. His presence there awakened the spirit of self-confidence among the Sikh soldiers. Soon the Sikhs defeated Azim Khan.

4. Crushing the revolt of Sayyed Ahmed. Sayyed Ahmed a Wahabi leader organised a big army and declared Jehad (a religious war) against the Sikhs. Ranjit Singh firmly resolved to crush this revolt. In 1829 A.D. Sayyed Ahmed attacked Peshawar. Yaar Mohammad, who was under the Maharaja, could not face him. In the meantime, prince Sher Singh defeated Sayyed Ahmad in the battle of Balakot.

5. Annexation of Peshawar to the kingdom of Lahore. After 1831 A.D, Maharaja Ranjit Singh planned to bring Peshawar under his control. In 1834, he sent a large army under prince Naunihal Singh, Hari Singh Nalwa and General Ventura to conquer Peshawar. They besieged the fort and the city. But the Sikh army met with no opposition and it captured the city. Ranjit Singh annexed Peshawar to his kingdom and appointed Hari Singh Nalwa as the Governor of Peshawar.

6. Unsuccessful attempts by Dost Mohammad to recover Peshawar. In 1834 A.D. Dost Mohammad Khan, the Amir of Kabul, resolved to get back Peshawar from the Sikhs. Hari Singh Nalwa was engaged in getting the fort of Jamrud repaired. This fort could prove to be a danger to Dost Mohammad Khan. That is why he sent an army of 18000 men under the command of his son, Muhammad Akbar against the Sikhs. A fierce battle was fought between them. At last the Sikhs came out victorious.

Question 5.
On what issues did Ranjit Singh and the British not agree?
Answer:
There were three main issues on which tension arose between Ranjit Singh and the English. These matters were the question of Sindh, the question of Shikarpur and the question of Ferozepur.
1. The Question of Sindh. Among the issues which created differences and bitterness between Ranjit Singh and the British, the problem of Sindh has a special place. Being situated on the South-western frontier of kingdom of Lahore, the territory of Sindh had a great military significance. It was essential for Ranjit Singh to capture it so that he might save his state from foreign invasions from this side.

The British Government also knew quite well the commercial importance of Sindh and Shikarpur. So, it did not want this region to fall into the hands of Ranjit Singh. In 1831 A.D. the British Government sent its political agent of Lahore Col. Burns to the Amirs of Sindh for a commercial treaty. It also sent a gift for Ranjit Singh through this Mission so that he could not judge the real intentions of the British. Although the nature of this Mission was friendly, yet it created doubts in the mind of Ranjit Singh against the Sindh policy of the British.

2. The Question of Shikarpur. On the question of Shikarpur also there was a lot of tension between the British and Ranjit Singh. Since 1832 A.D., Ranjit Singh was waiting for a suitable opportunity to occupy Shikarpur. He got this opportunity when the people of Mazari tribe made attacks on the border regions of kingdom of Lahore. Ranjit Singh tried to occupy Shikarpur by holding the Amirs-mf Sindh guilty of Mazari invasions. But the British were also closely watching the activities of Ranjit Singh. So as soon as he went ahead to capture Shikarpur, the British also sent a military regiment under the command of Captain Wood to Shikarpur. Ranjit Singh was asked to retreat. Since Ranjit Singh was not powerful enough to face the British forces, he thought it wise to withdraw.

3. The Question of Ferozepur, 1835 A.D. The question of Ferozepur had special significance in the bilateral relations of Ranjit Singh and the British from 1809 A.D. to 1838 A.D, Though Ranjit Singh’s claim to Ferozepur was proper and justified, yet the British did not let him capture it. The British Government itself captured Ferozepur in 1835 A.D., and after three years made it its own permanent military station. But even this time, the Maharaja had to swallow the bitter pill.

Activity:

Question 1.
In the given map Punjab, show the place of important conquests of Ranjit Singh.
Answer:
PSEB 10th Class SST Solutions History Chapter 7 Ranjit Singh Early Life, Achievements and Anglo-Sikh Relations 1

PSEB 10th Class Social Science Guide Ranjit Singh: Early Life, Achievements and Anglo-Sikh Relations Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions in one line or one word :

Question 1.
Name any four important conquests of Ranjit. Singh.
Answer:
Conquests of Peshawar, Lahore, Multan and Kashmir.

Question 2.
What was the name of the father of Maharaja Ranjit Singh?
Answer:
Mahan Singh.

Question 3.
When did Ranjit Singh conquer Lahore?
Answer:
Ranjit Singh conquered Lahore in July, 1799 A.D.

Question 4.
Name any four territories conquered by Ranjit Singh before 1812 A.D.
Answer:
Lahore, Amritsar, Sialkot and Jalandhar.

Question 5.
Name any four Misls conquered by Ranjit Singh.;
Answer:
Faizalpuria Misl, Krorsinghia Misl, Nakai Misl and Kanhaiya Misl.

Question 6.
Which was the first Misl?
Answer:
Faizalpuria Misl was the first Misl.

Question 7.
When did Ranjit Singh conquer Kashmir?
Answer:
Ranjit Singh conquered Kashmir in 1819 A.D.

Question 8.
Name any one powerful Misldar who extended hand of friendship towards Ranjit Singh instead of opposing him.
Answer:
Sada Kaur of Kanhaiya Misl.

Question 9.
What was the importance of conquest of Lahore by Ranjit Singh?
Answer:
By this conquest, he was able to occupy the capital of the Punjab.

Question 10.
Why was Ranjit Singh eager to conquer Multan?
Answer:
If Ranjit Singh could occupy Multan, the Muslim states could not forge a united front against him.

Question 11.
Mention any one benefit of conquest of Multan to Ranjit Singh.
Answer:
The conquest of Multan ended the Afghan influence in the Punjab.

Question 12.
Why was Ranjit Singh so eager to conquer Peshawar? (Give one reason.)
Answer:
It was necessary for Ranjit Singh to capture Peshawar for the stability of his kingdom.

Question 13.
Write down any one main cause of the Sikh victory in the battle of Naushehra.
Answer:
The Sikhs fought this battle with a greater religious fervour than the Muslims,

Question 14.
Mention any one clause of the treaty of Amritsar (1809 A.D.).
Answer:
The river Sutlej would be the boundary between the kingdom of Ranjit Singh and the British territories.

Question 15.
Write down one disadvantage to Ranjit Singh from the Treaty of Amritsar.
Answer:
Ranjit Singh suffered a diplomatic defeat and had to put his pride in his pocket.

Question 16.
Write down one advantage to Ranjit Singh by the Treaty of Amritsar.
Answer:
The infant kingdom of Ranjit Singh was saved from the British danger because of this treaty.

Question 17.
What was the main advantage for the British by the treaty of Amritsar?
Answer:
The British had no worries about the problems of the North-west region.

Question 18.
What is called the period of “Guardianship of the Triad” or Truine?
Answer:
During the minority of Ranjit Singh, there were three regents who had all the powers of state in their hands.

Question 19.
Who was Sada Kaur?
Answer:
Sada Kaur was the mother-in-law of Ranjit Singh.

Question 20.
Who ruled Amritsar at the time of its invasion by Ranjit Singh?
Answer:
Mai Sukhan.

Question 21.
What was the name of father of Ranjit Singh? What was the name of his Misl?
Answer:
Mahan Singh, the chief of the Sukherchakya Misl.

Question 22.
According to Dr. N.K. Sinha what was the policy of Ranjit Singh towards the British?
Answer:
Sinha has called it the policy of “yielding, yielding and yielding”.

Question 23.
Between whom the Tripartite Treaty was negotiated in 1839 A.D.?
Answer:
The British, Shah Shuja and Ranjit Singh.

Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
Ranjit Singh was born in _________ at _________
Answer:
1780 A.D., Gujranwala

Question 2.
Ranjit Singh invaded Lahore in and easily occupied it by defeating the _________ chiefs.
Answer:
1799, Bhangi

Question 3.
Amritsar has become the_________capital of the Sikhs.
Answer:
religious

Question 4.
Ranjit Singh had been the victim of in his childhood. Due to this terrible disease he lost his _________
Answer:
Smallpox left eye

Question 5.
In 1809 a treaty was signed between Ranjit Singh and the _________
Answer:
British

Question 6.
From 1828 to 1839 the relations between the British and Ranjit Singh started _________
Answer:
deteriorating

Question 7.
Tension arose between the British and Ranjit Singh on the matters of _________ and Ferozepur.
Answer:
Sindh, Shikarpur.

True or False :

Question 1.
The relations between Ranjit Singh and the British always remained cordial.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
Ranjit Singh died in 1839.
Answer:
True.

Question 3.
Ranjit Singh did not conqure weak Misls.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
The Residents of Lahore were fed up with the cruelties of their Bhangi chiefs. So they invited Ranjit Singh to attack Lahore.
Answer:
True.

Match the following :

Question 1.

1. Tripartite Treaty	(a) 1839
2. Multan	(b) 1805
3. Peshawar	(c) 1834
4. Kashmir	(d) 1818
5. Amritsar	(e) 1819

Answer:
1, (a)
2. (d)
3. (c)
4. (e)
5, (b).

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write a note on the coronation of Ranjit Singh,
Answer:
The coronation of Ranjit Singh took place with great pomp and show on the eve of Baisakhi at Lahore on April 12, 1801 A.D. He gave his government the name of Sarkar Khalsa. Ranjit Singh did not wear any crown. He issued his coins in the name of Guru Nanak Sahib and Guru Gobind Singh Ji. Thus, Ranjit Singh recognised Khalsa as the supreme power. Imam Baksh was appointed as the kotwal of Lahore.

Question 2.
Describe the conquest of Dera Jat by Ranjit Singh.
Answer:
In order to conquer Dera Ghazi Khan, Ranjit Singh sent an army under Jamadar Khushal Singh in 1820 A.D. He captured Dera Ghazi Khan after defeating the Afghan ruler, Zaman Khan. Ranjit Singh gave this territory to the Nawab of Bahawalpur in lieu of a heavy amount to be given to him every year as a tribute. Ranjit Singh conquered Dera Ismail Khan and Mankera. Ranjit Singh took the territory of Mankera from its Nawab Ahmed Khan and made him the governor of Dera Ismail Khan.

Question 3.
Describe any four early conquests of Ranjit Singh.
Answer:
Given below is the description of the four early conquests of Ranjit,Singh:
1. Conquest of Lahore. Ranjit Singh conquered Lahore at the very first opportunity. The Bhangi chiefs Mohar Singh and Sahib Singh escaped from Lahore. Only Chet Singh defied Ranjit Singh. But he was defeated. In this way, Ranjit Singh captured Lahore in July, 1799 A.D.

2. Battle of Bhasin. The Sikh and the Muslim rulers of the surrounding areas were terrified at the victory of Ranjit Singh at Lahore. They decided to confront. Ranjit Singh by forming a powerful united front. A battle was fought at Bhasin in 1800 A.D. Ranjit Singh came out victorious in this battle without any bloodshed.

3. Conquest of Amritsar, Ranjit Singh conquered Amritsar after the death of Gulab Singh. Mai Sukhan, the widow of Gulab Singh, was the ruler of that territory at that time. Mai Sukhan offered resistance for sometime but she gave way afterwards. In this way, Amritsar was merged in the territory of Ranjit Singh.

4. Relations with other Sikh Misls. Now Ranjit Singh also occupied the territories of Dallewala and Nakkai Misls.

Question 4.
Discuss the conquest of any four Misls by Ranjit Singh.
Answer:
Ranjit Singh decided to capture the independent Sikh Misls. He befriended the rulers of Ahluwalia, Kanahiya and Ramgarhia Misls. He started occupying the territories of weaker Misls with their help.

A brief account of his conquest of these Misls is as given below:

Ranjit Singh defeated Dal Singh of Akalgarh in 1802 A.D. and merged his territory into his kingdom,
After the death of the ruler of Dallewalia Misl Sardar Tara Singh Gheba in 1807 A.D., Ranjit Singh conquered most of his territories.
In the very next year, he defeated Jeewan Singh, the ruler of Sialkot and merged his territories into his kingdom,
He annexed the territories of Sardar Kahn Singh of Nakai Misl and those of Sardar Sahib Singh of Gujrat in 1810 A.D.

Question 5.
What were the important provisions of the Treaty of Amritsar?
Answer:
On April 2, 1809, A.D. Ranjit Singh signed the Treaty of Amritsar with the English. The main provisions of this treaty were:

Both the governments shall maintain friendly relations with each other.
The English would not interfere in the affairs of the territory to the north of the Sutlej and Ranjit Singh would not interfere in the affairs of the territory to the south of the Sutlej.
The British government recognised Ranjit Singh as the most favoured power. He was assured that the English would have no concern with his state nor with the citizens of his kingdom. None would keep forces more than what was absolutely necessary.
Ranjit Singh would keep only that much army in the south of the Sutlej which was necessary for the maintenance of law and order.
If any party to the treaty violated its provision, the treaty would be considered cancelled.

Question 6.
What was the significance of the Treaty of Amritsar (1809)?
Answer:
The Treaty of Amritsar was signed between the English and Maharaja Ranjit Singh on April 25, 1809 A.D. This treaty was important from the historical point of view for the English as v/ell as the Sikhs. But opinions differ regarding the importance of this treaty. Due to this, the English and the Maharaja gained something but the Maharaja -was also a loser in some respects. The greatest desire of the Maharaja was to become the sole ruler of all the Sikhs. But his dream was shattered due to this treaty. He could never exercise his control over the states of Malwa. This treaty gave a terrible blow- to the power and prestige of Ranjit Singh.

This treaty extended the boundaries of the British rule from the Yamuna to the Sutlej. Because of its close vicinity to Ranjit Singh’s kingdom, the British government could keep a more strict watch over the foreign policy and the military activities of the Maharaja. Of course, the treaty was also useful to the Maharaja. The infant state of Punjab was saved from being destroyed. Besides, Ranjit Singh got an opportunity to extend the frontiers of his kingdom in other directions. Therefore, he greatly extended the boundaries of his state in the north-western region.

Question 7.
Discuss the importance of the battle of Naushehra (Four points only).
Answer:

Nazim Shah was defeated by the Sikhs in the battle of Naushehra. He made his sons swear that they would avenge this defeat. Thus, there started between the Afghans and the Sikhs an enmity which continued for a long time.
The Sikhs won a name for their bravery in the battle of Naushehra. After the battle of Haidru, Naushehra was the second place at which the Sikhs had thoroughly routed the Afghans in a battle in the plains. Consequently, the Sikhs developed self-confidence and adopted even more aggressive policy against the Afghans.
As a result of this battle, the prestige of Ranjit Singh rose very high. His power was acknowledged throughout the Punjab. Besides, due to his victory in the battle of Naushehra, the Maharaja’s hold on the Afghan territories between the Indus and Peshawar became stronger.
The Afghan power in the north-west of India was thoroughly eliminated after this battle.

Question 8.
Write a short note on the Tripartite Treaty (The British, Shah Shuja and Ranjit Singh).
Answer:
In 1839 A.D., Russia was advancing towards Asia. The British feared that Russia might attack India through Afghanistan. So they wanted to establish friendship with Afghanistan. The British sent Col. Burns to Kabul so that he could negotiate a friendship treaty with Amir Dost Mohammad of Kabul. Dost Mohammad demanded that the British should hand over to him the province of Peshawar after acquiring it from Ranjit Singh. But friendship of Ranjit Singh was most essential and important for the British. So, they did not accept this term of Dost Mohammad and signed a treaty with Shah Shuja, a brother of Dost Muhammad. Ranjit Singh was also a party to this treaty. This treaty is known as the Tripartite treaty.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the main victories of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
Answer:
Following is the description of the conquests of Lahore, Amritsar, Attock, Multan and Kashmir by Ranjit Singh :
1. Conquest of Lahore. The conquest of Lahore was the first important achievement of Ranjit Singh. In those days, Lahore was under the rule of three Bhangi Sardars named Chet Singh, Mohar Singh and Sahib Singh. The residents of Lahore were fed up with the cruelties of these Sardars. So they invited Ranjit Singh to attack Lahore. Ranjit Singh lost no time in attacking Lahore with a large army. On hearing the news of the attack, Mohar Singh and Sahib Singh escaped from Lahore. Only Chet Singh offered some resistance to Ranjit Singh. But he was defeated. In this way, Ranjit Singh captured Lahore in July, 1799 A.D.

2. Conquest of Amritsar. Ranjit Singh conquered Amritsar after the death of Gulab Singh Bhangi. Mai Sukhan, the widow of Gulab Singh was the ruler of that territory at that time. Ranjit Singh demanded the fort of Lohgarh situated at Amritsar and the famous gun Zamzama from Mai Sukhan. But Mai Sukhan refused. Ranjit Singh attacked Amritsar. Mai Sukhan put up resistance for sometime but she gave way afterwards. In this way, Amritsar was annexed to the kingdom of Ranjit Singh.

3. Conquest of Attock. An understanding was reached between Ranjit Singh and Fateh Khan of Kabul in 1813 A.D. Accordingly, it was decided that Ranjit Singh would send 12 thousand soldiers to help Fateh Khan in the conquest of Kashmir and Fateh Khan in return would give him one-third of the conquered territories in addition to the booty received from thfere. Besides, Ranjit Singh promised to help Fateh Khan in his conquest of Attack, whereas Fateh Khan would help Ranjit Singh in the conquest of Multan.

The combined forces of Ranjit Singh and Fateh Khan conquered Kashmir with great ease but Fateh Khan did not fulfil his promise. He also did not give anything out of the wealth plundered by him from Kashmir. Ranjit Singh attacked Attock in fury (according to the treaty, Fateh Khan was to occupy Attock). Ranjit Singh’s minister Azizuddin took Attock from Jahandad Khan and gave him one lakh rupees and a big jagir. Fateh Khan could not tolerate this. He attacked Attock with a big army immediately. A fierce battle was fought between the Sikhs and the Afghans at Hazro near Attock. The Sikhs came out victorious in this battle.

4. Conquest of Multan. The territory of Multan was important both from the military and commercial points of view. Ranjit Singh attacked Multan six times till 1818 A.D. But every time, the Pathan ruler of Multan, Muzzaffar Khan would save his skin by offering him heavy Nazrana. Ranjit Singh determined to occupy Multan and annex it to his kingdom. In 1818 A.D. he sent 25 thousand soldiers under Misar Dewan Chand and his own eldest son Kharak Singh to invade Multan. The Sikh army besieged the fort of Multan. Muzzaffar Khan fought the Sikh army bravely. But he was killed in the battle and Multan was occupied by the Sikhs.

5. Conquest of Kashmir. Fateh Khan, the Wazir of Afghanistan, had not given Ranjit Singhs his share of booty after the conquest of Kashmir. Now Ranjit Singh sent an army under Ram Dyal to conquer Kashmir. Ranjit Singh himself accompanied Ram Dyal to fight this battle but the Sikhs could not achieve success. He again sent an expedition under Misar Dewan Chand and prince Kharak Singh. Zabar Khan, the new governor of Kashmir, advanced to face the Sikh army but was badly defeated at Supin.

Question 2.
Describe the conquest of Amritsar by Ranjit Singh, What was its importance?
Answer:
After the death of Gulab Singh Bhangi, his son Gurdit Singh became the ruler of Amritsar. He was a minor. Mai Sukhan, the widow of Gulab Singh, therefore, looked after the affairs of the state. Ranjit Singh was finding an opportunity to conquer Amritsar. In 1805 A.D., he found this opportunity. He requested Mai Sukhan to give him the famous Bhangi Gun ‘Zamzama’ because the Sukarchakia Misl had played a major role in capturing that gun from Ahmed Shah Abdali in 1764. Ranjit Singh also demanded Lohgarh Fort. It is said that Jodh Singh Ramgarhia, son of Jassa Singh Ramgarhia, counselled Mai Sukhan to hand over the gun to Ranjit Singh. But she did not agree. Maharaja Ranjit Singh wanted to capture Amritsar at any cost.

The demand for the gun was only an excuse to invade Amritsar. He attacked Amritsar and captured Lohgarh. Sada Kaur and Fateh Singh Ahluwalia helped Ranjit Singh in this conquest. The Maharaja came out victorious. Thus, he occupied Amritsar and the Fort of Lohgarh. As proposed by Jodh Singh, Ranjit Singh gave Mai Sukhan and Gurdit Singh a small Jagir for their maintenance. Akali Phoola Singh of Amritsar, who was a great warrior, alongwith his 2000 Nihang followers joined the army of Ranjit Singh.

Importance of the Conquest of Amritsar :
Following is the importance of the conquest of Amritsar by Ranjit Singh :

It was the religious capital of the Sikhs. Ranjit Singh became the master of this historic city of the Sikhs.
As a result of the conquest of Amritsar, the military power of Ranjit Singh increased. The Fort of Lohgarh proved a boon for the Maharaja. He also got the famous gun Zamzama from Mai Sukhan.
Ranjit Singh acquired the services of Akali Phoola Singh and his 2000 Nihang followers. Because of the extraordinary courage and bravery of the’ Nihangs, Ranjit Singh achieved many glorious victories.
As a result of the conquest of Amritsar, Ranjit Singh’s name and fame spread far and wide. Many’ Indians left the service of the East India Company and got employment with Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Many Europeans also joined the army of the Maharaja.

Question 3.
Describe the relations of Ranjit Singh with the British from 1809-1839 A.D.
Answer:
On 25th April, 1809 A.D., the Treaty of Amritsar was signed between the British and Ranjit Singh. Although this treaty had ended the possibility of an immediate armed conflict, yet it could not end the feelings of doubt and fear growing in the minds of both powers.

After this treaty, until 1839 A.D., the Anglo-Sikh relations had to pass through the following stages:
Period of mutual distrust and suspicion (1809-1811). from 1809 to 1811 A.D. both Ranjit Singh and the British Government looked upon each other with distrust and suspicion. Both sides had imaginary fears against each other. Each of them had engaged spies to know about the military and diplomatic strategies of the other.

But gradually this mutual distrust lessened and by 1812 A.D. it was almost over.

Anglo-Sikh relations from 1812 to 1822 A.D. During the decade of 1812 to 1822 A.D., mutual cooperation and friendly relations existed between the British and Ranjit Singh.
1. Ranjit Singh’s refusal to help Nepal. In 1815 A.D. when a Gorkha Vakil came to seek help from the Maharaja against the British, he clearly refused. In the. first British-Nepal war (1814-15A.D.), the Maharaja, by helping the British, proved his friendship with them. Likewise, when in 1821 A.D. the representative of Appa Sahib Maratha came to seek help against the British, the Maharaja refused him blankly. On the other hand, the British made no interference in the affairs of Ranjit Singh in the North-west of the Sutlej.

2. Question of Wadni. In the beginning of 1822 A.D., there was some bitterness in the mutual relations of the British and Ranjit Singh regarding Wadni, a village situated in the south of the Sutlej. During his cis-Sutlej expedition in 1808 A.D., Ranjit Singh handed over this region to his mother-in-law Sada Kaur in exchange for twelve thousand rupees. But in 1820 A.D., Ranjit Singh imprisoned Sada Kaur and recaptured Wadni. Rani Sada Kaur sought the help of the British. The British resident at Ludhiana sent a British regiment that occupied Wadni. The Maharaja expressed his annoyance to the Governor-General. So in 1823 A.D. the Governor-General again accepted the suzerainty of Ranjit Singh over Wadni.

3. Cordiality again. Ranjit Singh tried his level best to maintain friendly relations with the British. In 1825-26 A.D., the chief of Bharatpur sought Ranjit Singh’s military help but the Maharaja refused. In 1826 A.D. Maharaja Ranjit Singh fell ill. On his request, the British Government sent Dr. Murray to Lahore. As a result, friendly relations were restored between the two sides for some time.

The estrangement of relations again. From 1828 to 1839 A.D. the relations between the ruler of Lahore and the British Government started deteriorating.

During this period, the following events created tension between them :
1. Increasing Power of Ranjit Singh. During the last ten years, Ranjit Singh had greatly increased his power by conquering Multan, Kashmir, Deraj at and Peshawar, etc. The British Government was jealous of the increasing power of Ranjit Singh. So, on the one hand, the British Government started adopting the policy of encircling the kingdom of Lahore from different directions. On the other hand, it pretended friendship with the Maharaja.

2. The Question of Sindh. Among the issues which created differences and bitterness in the relations, between Ranjit Singh and the British, the issue of Sindh was very complex. This region being situated in the South-west of Lahore, had a great military significance. It was essential for Ranjit Singh to capture it so that he might save his state from foreign invasions from this side.

The British Government also well understood the commercial importance of Sindh and Shikarpur. So, it did not want this region to fall into the hands of Ranjit Singh. In 1831 A.D. the British Government sent one of its officers Alexander Burns to the Amirs of Sindh for a Commercial treaty. It also sent a gift for Ranjit Singh through this Mission, so that he could not judge the real intentions of the British. Although it seemed to be a friendly mission, yet it created doubts in the mind of Ranjit Singh against the Sindh policy of the British.

3. Meeting at Ropar between Ranjit Singh and William Bentinck. (Imp.) The Governor-General Lord William Bentinck very well knew about the doubts in the mind of Ranjit Singh. The fear of Russian attack on India was also spreading fast. The British Governor-General did not want that in that hour of crisis their relations with the Maharaja should deteriorate. Instead, he wanted that the relations with the Sikh ruler should be cemented and he should also know about the increasing influence of the British in Sindh. To achieve this purpose, on October 1831 A.D., Lord William Bentinck met the Maharaja at Ropar. But at the same time, he sent Col. Pottinger to make a commercial treaty with the Amirs of Sindh.

The negotiations between the Governor-General and Ranjit Singh were still going on in Ropar, when an important treaty was signed between the British and the Amirs of Sindh by the efforts of Col. Pottinger. Ranjit Singh returned disappointed from the meeting at Ropar.

4. The Question of Shikarpur. On the question of Shikarpur also there was a lot of tension between the British and Ranjit Singh. Since 1832 A.D., Ranjit Singh had been waiting for a suitable opportunity to occupy Shikarpur. He got this opportunity when the people of Mazari tribe attacked the border regions of Lahore Kingdom. Ranjit Singh tried to occupy Shikarpur by holding the Amirs of Sindh guilty of Mazari invasions. But the British were also watching the activities of Ranjit Singh. So as soon as he went ahead to capture Shikarpur, the British also sent a military regiment under the command of Captain Wood to Shikarpur. Ranjit Singh was asked to retreat. Since Ranjit Singh was not powerful enough to fight against the British, he thought it wise to withdraw.

5. The Question of Ferozepur, 1835 A.D. The question of Ferozepur had special significance in the relations of Ranjit Singh with the British from 1809 A.D. to 1838 A.D. Though Ranjit Singh’s claim to Ferozepur was proper and justified, yet the British did not let him occupy it. The British Government itself captured Ferozepur in 1835 A.D. and after three years made it its own permanent military station. But even this time, the Maharaja had to swallow the bitter pill.

6. Tripartite Treaty. In 1839 A.D., Russia was advancing towards Asia. The British feared that Russia might attack India through Afghanistan. So they wanted to establish friendship with Afghanistan. The British sent Col. Burns to Kabul so that he could negotiate a friendship treaty with Amir Dost Mohammad the ruler of ‘ that country. Dost‘Mohammad was willing to sign the treaty on the condition that the British should hand over to him the province of Peshawar by taking it from Ranjit Singh. But friendship of Ranjit Singh was most essential and important for the British. So, they did not accept this term of Dost Mohammad. On his part, Dost Mohammad entered into a treaty with Russia. It was a big challenge for the British. They made an agreement with Shah Shuja, the former ruler of Afghanistan.

Ranjit Singh was also a party to this agreement. It is known as the Tripartite Treaty. Ranjit Singh signed this treaty but he did not sign an important clause of it. It was, “That the armies of the British can attack Kabul by passing through Punjab.” But Ranjit Singh was afraid that the British would certainly violate this clause. So in the last years of his reign, he tried to take many steps against the British. But, Ranjit Singh died in 1839 A.D.

It is a fact that from 1809 A.D. to 1839 A.D. Ranjit Singh adopted the policy of maintaining a friendship with the British. He had decided that he will not fight with the British, whatever sacrifice he might have to make. Keeping in view his yielding policy on every occasion before the demands of the British, Dr. N.K. Sinha has called it the policy of “yielding, yielding, and yielding.”

Judo Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

October 21, 2024October 20, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Judo Game Rules.

Judo Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 1.
Describe the Judo playground, Officials, Costume and Duration of the bout.
Answer:
Playground:
Judo playground is called ‘Shiajo’. It is a square platform. Its each side is 30 feet. It is at some height from the ground. It is covered with 50 mat pieces of canvas. Each mat piece is 3 x 6 in size.

Officials:
Normally, three officials conduct Judo. One of them is a referee and the other two are judges. The bout is conducted by the referee whose decision is final. No appeal can be made against his decision. Keeping himself in the playground, the referee keeps a watch on the performance of the players.
Judo Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education 1

Costume:
The Judo player’s dress is known as ‘Judogi’. In case ‘Judogi’ is not available, a player can wear a dress the belt of which is so long as to cover the body twice. After a square knot is tied, 3 inch belt on each side is left. The jacket should be so long that it covers the hips after being tied with a belt. The sleeves should be loose. There should be a gap of 114 inches between the cuffs and i sleeves and should hang upto the mid-arm. Trousers used should also be quite loose. The Judo player cannot wear ring, bracelet, etc. because they may injure a player. Finger nails of players should be properly pared.

Duration of the Competition:
The duration of the competition lasts from 3 to 20 mintues. Under speical circumstances this duration of the game may be increased or decreased.

Question 2.
Mention the various rules which players of Judo have to follow during competition.
Answer:
Rules for Judo Players:

The nails of the players’ hands and feet should be properly pared.
The Judo player^ cannot wear rings or bracelet or any other thing which may cause injury to the opponent.

The Start of Judo Play and Various Techniques:
Start of Judo Competition. The Judo competitors should stand at a distance of 12 feet from each other. Their faces should be in front of each other. They salute each other in the standing position. Then the referee begins the bout by uttering the world ‘Hijame’ which means ‘begin’.

Judo Techniques:
The following techniques are adopted in Judo-

Naga-waja (the technique of throwing)
Katma-paja (the ground work technique)

These two techniques are taken into account while giving a decision. Normally, the decision is not given more than one ‘Ippon’ (one full point).

Rules:

After some progress has been made in the throwing technique, the player can unhesitatingly take a lying position, and, thus, become offensive.
When a player falls while adopting throwing technique or takes offensive, and the rival player falls, even then he can take a lying position.
In the standing position and after adopting ground-work technique, if the player makes some progress, then he can unhesitatingly take to the lying position and become offensive.
When one or both the players are outside the contest area, the use of any technique is deemed to be futile and is declared invalid.
The throwing technique remains valid if the thrower and the maximum body of his opponent remain inside the contest area.

Question 3.
Mention the various Judo weight categories of Judo competition.
Answer:
JUDO WEIGHT CATEGORIES:

Men	Women	Junior
up to 50 kg.	up to 44 kg.	up to 38 kg.
up to 55 kg.	up to 48 kg.	up to 40 kg.
up to 60 kg.	up to 52 kg.	up to 45 kg.
up to 65 kg.	up to 56 kg.	up to 50 kg.
up to 71 kg.	up to 61 kg.	up to 56 kg.
up to 78 kg.	up to 66 kg.	up to 63 kg.
up to 86 kg.	up to+ 66 kg.	up to 71 kg.
Up to + 86 Kg.		up to+ 71 kg.

MEN = Total of Categories = Eight
WOMEN =Total of Categories = Seven
JUNIOR = Total of Categories = Eight
Judo Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education 2

Important Information about the Judo Game

Shape of the Judo play ground = Square
Size of each side = 10 meter
The dress of the Judo known as = ‘Judogi’
Judo competition start = ‘Hijame’
Height of the mat from ground = about one feet, 30 c.m.
Duration of the bout = 10 to 20 minutes
Total weight for men = Eight
Total weight for women = seven
Total weight for Junior = Eight
The size of mat to cover platform = 16 x I6m, number 50
Total area of areana = 14 x 14 m (98) meter
The size of the each mat = 1×2 meter
The distance of Judo player = 4 meter
while standing with opponent
The Judo competition starts with the referee’s calling the word ‘Hijame’, meaning “Begin”.
The player cannot wear ring, iron bracelet, etc. The nails of his hands and feet should be properly pared.
With the referee calling ‘Osaekami-toaketa’, the hold is broken.
If the judge does not agree with the referee’s decision, he can make suggestion to him. If the referee considers the suggestion sound, he may accept it.
The duration of the Judo contest lasts from 3 to 20 minutes.
During the duration of the game, pressing the belly or putting pressure on the head or neck with legs is considered to be a foul.
If a player refuses to participate in a competition, his rival is declared the winner by fesetcho (winner by default).
If a players, during the competition, gets hurt because of some fault of his opponnet, he (the injured player) is declare the winner.

PSEB 10th Class SST Solutions History Chapter 8 The Anglo-Sikh Wars and Annexation of Punjab

October 21, 2024October 20, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Social Science Book Solutions History Chapter 8 The Anglo-Sikh Wars and Annexation of Punjab Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 8 The Anglo-Sikh Wars and Annexation of Punjab

SST Guide for Class 10 PSEB The Anglo-Sikh Wars and Annexation of Punjab Textbook Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions in 20-25 words:

Question 1.
Who was the successor of Maharaja Ranjit Singh?
Answer:
Kharak Singh was the successor of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. He was not a worthy son of his father. He was a pleasure-loving ruler.

Question 2.
Why were the Sikhs defeated in the battle of Mudki?
Answer:
The Sikhs lost the battle of Mudki because of the following reasons :

Lai Singh escaped from the battle-field when the Sikh army was about to win.
As compared to the English, the Sikhs had very small military resources.

Question 3.
When was the battle of Sabhraon fought and what was its result?
Or
When was the battle of Sabhraon fought?
Answer:
The battle of Sabhraon was fought on February 10, 1846. Because of the treachery of Teja Singh and Lai Singh, the Sikhs lost the battle. As a result, the English army crossed the Sutlej river without any hurdle.

Question 4.
What was the matter of Suchet Singh’s treasury?
Answer:
Dogra Sardar Suchet Singh was in the service of Lahore Darbar. At the time of his death, he was at Ferozepur. He left behind fifteen lakh rupees there. Because he had no issue, the Lahore Darbar claimed its right on this amount. But the English Government wanted to take this matter to the court.

Question 5.
Write about the ‘Cow Row1’.
Answer:
On April 21, 1846 a herd of cows blocked the way of a European gunner at Lahore. The gunner attempted to kill the cows. Hearing this news, the Hindus and the Sikhs rose against the English. .

Question 6.
When was the Punjab annexed to the British Empire? Who was the Governor-General of India at that time?
Answer:
The Punjab was annexed to the British Empire in 1849. Lord Dalhousie was the Governor-General at that time.

Question 7.
What steps were taken by Chattar Singh against the Britishers?
Answer:
The British charged Chattar Singh, the governor of Hazara that he was the head of the conspiracy for the expulsion of the British from the Punjab. The British officer Canora refused to obey the orders of Chattar Singh unless backed by Captain Abbot. Canora not only refused to obey Chattar Singh’s order, but also ordered his Havaldars to fire upon Sikh soldiers and shot dead two of them. In retaliation, the Sikh infantry shot dead Canora. Captain Abbot accused Chattar Singh of murder of Canora. This convinced Chattar Singh that Abbot might go to the extent of ruining him. Chattar Singh decided to resign. He had no choice but to rise in revolt against the British.

It was thus mainly due to the intrigues of Captain Abbot that Chattar Singh was forced to rise in revolt against the British on 11th September, 1848. He and his son went over to the side of Dewan Mul Raj against the British. Sher Singh also won the support of the major portion of the Sikh troops.

Answer the following questions in 30-50 words:

Question 1.
Discuss the causes of the Bhairowal Treaty.
Answer:
According to the Treaty of Lahore, a contingent of British forces was kept at Lahore for the protection of the Maharaja and the citizens of Lahore. But with the passage of time, Lord Hardinge planned to keep the English troops at Lahore. Maharani Jindan agreed to it. So a meeting of the Sardars and the Ministers of the Lahore Darbar was called, In it, only those terms of the Governor-General were announced on the basis of which the ministers of the Darbar agreed to keep the English troops at Lahore even after 1846 A.D. Thus the British entered into another treaty with the Sikhs on December 12, 1846 A.D. This treaty is known as the Treaty of Bhairowal.

Question 2.
Write any four terms of the Bhairowal Treaty.
Answer:
Following were the four main provisions of the Treaty of Bhairowal :

The administration of Lahore was entrusted to a body of eight Sikh Sardars who were the supporters of the English. They were to carry on this duty till the maturity of Maharaja Dalip Singh.
The Governor-General appointed a British Resident at Lahore.
The Council of Regency was to work according to the advice of the British Resident.
Rani Jindan was ousted from the Punjab. She was given a pension of one lakh rupees annually.

Question 3.
Write about the importance of the Bhairowal Treaty.
Answer:
The Treaty of Bhairowal has great importance in the history of the Punjab and India.

By this treaty, the British became the real masters of Punjab. The British Resident was given unlimited powers. Henry Lawrence was appointed as the first British Resident at Lahore.
According to this treaty, Rani Jindan was ousted from Lahore. She was first interned at Sheikhupura and then sent to Benaras.

Question 4.
After the First Anglo-Sikh war, why did the British not annex Punjab to their empire? White any three causes.
Answer:
The English did not occupy the Punjab after the First Anglo-Sikh War for the following reasons.

The Sikh forces lost the battles of Mudki, Ferozeshah and Sabraon but Lahore, Amritsar and Peshawar were still under them. Had the English occupied the Punjab, they would have to face the Sikh forces there.
Had the British occupied the Punjab, they would have to spend much money for the establishment of peace and order in the Punjab,
Lord Hardinge did not annex the Punjab because he was of the new that the state would prove a good buffer state between Afghanistan and British India.
According to Lord Hardinge, Punjab was not economically profitable state at that stage. Hence the Treaty of Bhairowal was then entered into with the Sikhs.

Question 5.
After the Treaty of Bhairowal how did the British treat Queen Jindan?
Answer:
The Treaty of Bhairowal deprived Rani Jindan of her political rights. She was ousted from the Lahore Darbar. She was arrested and sent to Sheikhupura. She was first given a pension of 1,50,000 rupees annually. It was reduced from 1,50,000 to 48,000 rupees annually. Thereafter, she was exiled to Benaras. Thus she was badly treated by the English. As a result, the Sikhs were annoyed and rose against the English.

Question 6.
What do you know about Maharaja Dalip Singh?
Answer:
Maharaja Dalip Singh was the last Sikh ruler of Lahore State. At the time of the First Anglo-Sikh War, he was a minor. According to the Treaty of Bhairowal of 1846, a Council of Regency was formed to run the administration of the Lahore Darbar. It was to run the administration till the maturity of Maharaja Dalip Singh. But the Sikh forces lost the Second Anglo-Sikh War. As a result of it, Maharaja Dalip Singh was dethroned and given a pension of 50,000 pounds annually and sent to England. Punjab was annexed to the British Empire.

Answer the following questions in about 100-120 words:

Question 1.
Discuss the causes of the First Anglo-Sikh War.
Answer:
The First Anglo-Sikh War was fought in 1845-46. Following were its causes :
1. The British policy of Encirclement of the Lahore Kingdom. Ever since the time of Ranjit Singh, the British were making schemes for the conquest of the Punjab. They had built cantonments around the Sikh kindgom. Politically and diplomatically, they had half encircled the Sikh kingdom. They had already occupied Ferozepur and established a military cantonment there. They had brought Sindh and Shikarpur under their sphere of influence. After Ranjit. Singh’s death, their dream of conquering Punjab acquired more clear and definite shape. Naturally, such designs of the British alarmed the Sikh army in particular and the people of the Punjab in general.

2. Anarchy in the Punjab. Soon after the death of Ranjit Singh in 1839 A.D., there prevailed anarchy in the Punjab and within a span of about four years, many of his sons and relatives were put to sword. Now the Khalsa army was all powerful and it became a problem for the Lahore Durbar to keep it under control. With the army being all in all, nobody’s life was safe. All the important chiefs and courtiers were afraid of the Khalsa army. It was in their best interest to engage the army in some war so as to weaken its power.

3. Defeat of the British in the First Afghan War. In the First Afghan War, the English fought with Afghanistan from 1839 to 1842 A.D. The English suffered a defeat. This encouraged the Sikhs to wage a war against the British. They had begun to think that the English were not invincible. If the Afghans could teach them a lesson, why not the Sikhs who had humiliated the Afghans in the times of Ranjit Singh.

4. Annexation of Sindh to the British Empire. The British annexed Sindh to their Empire in 1843 A.D. This incident brought the imperialistic designs of the English in the limelight. It was clear that the English would now try to annex the Punjab. It was difficult for the English to maintain their control over Sindh unless they annexed the Punjab too.

The annexation of Sindh brought their aggressive designs to the forefront and the Sikhs naturally became suspicious of the English.

5. Ellenborough’s plan to capture Punjab. The British, in fact, had been planning to occupy the Punjab much before their war with the Sikhs actually began. After the annexation of Sindh to the British Empire, Lord Ellenborough planned to capture the Punjab. To materialise this plan, the English began to make elaborate military preparations. When the Sikhs came to know about the intentions of the British, the Sikhs also began to make preparations for War.

6. Military Activities of the British. The prevailing anarchy in the Punjab encouraged the English to start making elaborate military preparations. They began to station their army men in large numbers near the Sutlej.

It is said that on the boundaries of the Sutlej in 1836 A.D., there were only 2500 British soldiers. Their number rose to 14,000 in 1843. Besides this, the English had stationed a large number of their troops at Ferozepur, Ludhiana and Ambala. Not only that, the English had begun to collect boats to cross the Sutlej. All these activities of the English made the Sikhs more suspicious and they began to feel that the English wanted to grab the Punjab.

7. The dispute over the treasure of Suchet Singh. Dogra Sardar Suchet Singh was in the service of Lahore Darbar. At the time of his death, he was at Ferozepur. He left behind fifteen lakh rupees there. Because he had no issue, the Lahore Darbar claimed its right on this amount. But the English Government wanted to bring this matter to the court. At this the Sikhs rose in revolt against the English.

8. Dispute over Mauran Village. Dhanna Singh, a native of the village Mauran situated in the Nabha State, was in the service of Maharaja Ranjit Singh; who being pleased with him, wrote to Jaswant Singh the Raja of Nabha to grant him the village Mauran as Jagir. In return, the Maharaja granted him a number of villages for life to Jaswant Singh’s sister. After the death of Dhanna Singh, his son Hukam Singh succeeded him. But Devinder Singh, the new ruler of Nabha, sent his troops to the village and seized Hukam Singh’s property worth about two lakh rupees and occupied the village. The Lahore Darbar demanded the restoration of the village. But the English Government rejected the claim of the Lahore Darbar and said that Jaswant Singh’s grant to Dhanna Singh had been illegal.

9. Provocation of Major Broadfoot. The appointment of Major Broadfoot as the British Resident at Ludhiana in place of Mr. Clark added fuel to the fire. He was hard-headed and hot-tempered. Immediately after taking charge of his post, he declared that Maharaja Dalip Singh’s territories South of the Sutlej would be considered under British rule. This declaration aroused the anger of the Sikh chiefs beyond limit and they began to feel that a war with the British was unavoidable.

10. Plans of Lai Singh and Rani Jindan. Lai Singh and Rani Jindan planned to incite the Sikh army against the British. They made the Sikh army to think that the British were determined to capture Punjab after occupying Sindh.

11. Immediate Cause: Crossing of the Sutlej by the Sikhs. The excited Sikh forces made up their mind to settle their scores with the British. Thus, between December 11 and 14 in 1846 A.D., the Sikh soldiers in large numbers began to cross the Sutlej river. The English were already waiting for the Sikhs to first begin the war. As soon as the Governor-General Lord Hardinge got the information that the Sikh forces had crossed the Sutlej, he also declared a regular war against the Sikhs on December 18, 1845 A.D.

Question 2.
Write about the events related to the First Anglo-Sikh War.
Answer:
The First Anglo-Sikh war began on December 18,1845 A.D. and ended on February 10, 1846 A.D. Following were the main events of this war:
1. The Battle of Mudki: Immediately after crossing the Sutlej, the Sikh army advanced towards Ferozepur.
It was led by Lai Singh. On the other side, the English forces under Sir Hugh Gough left Ludhiana to defend Ferozepur. On December 18, 1845, both the armies came into collusion with each other at Mudki, a place about twenty miles from Ferozepur.

The Khalsa army had 40,000 soldiers and 150 guns. The English army had 10,000 soldiers and 48 guns. When the victory of the Sikhs was in sight, Lai Singh, the commander of the Sikh army, deserted them and withdrew from the scene leaving the army all alone. Consequently, a victory was changed into a defeat and the Sikhs had to retreat from the battle-field. Although the English came out victorious in this battle, yet the war proved very costly to them also. About 215 of their soldiers were killed and about 657 were wounded. The Sikhs also suffered a heavy loss of life and 17 guns.

2. Battle of Ferozeshah. After the battle of Mudki, the English army advanced towards a place called Ferozeshah which was about 12 miles away from the Sutlej.

At this place the forces of Sir Hugh Gough were joined by another English contingent under Sir Johan Little. A fierce battle was fought between the two sides on December 21,1845 A.D. The Sikhs fought so bravely that the English forces became nervous. But here also the Sikh Commanders like Teja Singh proved traitors and left the Sikh army without a leader, with the result that the English forces advanced forward and occupied the Sikh positions on December 22. Thus because of the treachery on the part of the Sikh military commanders, another victory was converted into a defeat. About 8000 Sikh soldiers were killed in this battle and they lost about 73 guns. The English also suffered a heavy loss. Their 694 men were killed and about 1721 were wounded.

3. Battle of Baddowal. On January 21,1846, the Sikhs under the command of Ranjodh Singh Majithia crossed the river Sutlej and set the English military camp at Ludhiana on fire. In a fierce battle at Baddowal near Ludhiana, the Sikhs under the leadership of S. Ranjodh Singh defeated the British who were under the command of Sir Henry Smith.

4. Battle of Aliwal. Soon after the battle of Badowal, reinforcements reached the English. Ranjodh Singh tried to block the way of the English by attacking Jagraon and Ghungrana. But the English advanced and defeated the Sikhs at Aliwal on January 28, 1846 A.D.

5. Battle of Sabraon. The last and most decisive battle between the Sikhs and the English was fought on February 10, 1846 A.D. at Sabraon. The Sikhs fought the battle bravely and put the English army in trouble for sometime. The Sikh soldiers, unlike their treacherous commander Teja Singh, were prepared to conquer or die for the glory of the Khalsa. But while the soldiers did everything, the Sikh commanders with the honourable exception of Sham Singh Attariwala, remained inactive or proved traitors. In fact, the army commanders were not as much afraid of the Sikh defeat as of their victory. That is why, perhaps, they were hatching conspiracies after conspiracies.

Under such conditions, the Sikh soldiers suffered a great loss and about 8 to 10 thousand of them were killed. Sham Singh Attariwala also met a hero’s death in this battle. The English loss was 320 dead and 2,083 wounded.
The battle of Sabraon was decisive. After this victory, the British army crossed the Sutlej and occupied Lahore on February 20, 1846 A.D.

Question 3.
Discuss the terms of the First Treaty of Lahore.
Answer:
On 9th March, 1846, the Treaty of Lahore was signed between the British and the Lahore Durbar. Its main terms were as under:

All the Sikh territories lying south of the river Sutlej were handed over to the British.
The -Jullundur (Jalandhar) Doab was likewise annexed by the British to their own dominions.
An indemnity of one and a half crore rupees was imposed upon the Lahore Darbar, which it was not able to pay. So it had to hand over to the British in lieu of it all the hill areas between the rivers Sutlej and Beas, and also Kashmir and Hazara.
The Darbar would disband the rebellious forces, keeping only 20,000 infantry and 12,000 cavalry. Thirty four guns which the British had lost to the Sikhs, were restored to them.
The British troops would be allowed a free passage through the Punjab when necessary.
Dalip Singh was recognised as minor king of Lahore, Maharani Jindan was to be his Regent and Lai Singh the Prime Minister of the Lahore kingdom.
An adequate British force would be stationed at Lahore for the protection of the Maharaja. The force would be recalled in December 1846.
The British Government would respect the bonafide rights of the Jagirdars in Lahore Darbar territories.
The British would be at liberty to retain any part of the state property in the forts situated in the ceded territories by paying for it a fair compensation.

Question 4.
Explain the Treaty of Bhairowal.
Answer:
According to the Treaty of Lahore, the English army was to withdraw from the Punjab after December, 1846 A.D., but in view of the troubled conditions of the Punjab and being afraid of the Sikh army, many Sikhs and people of other classes did not want that the English should withdraw from the Punjab. So, another treaty was signed between the English and the Sikhs on December 16, 1846 A.D. which is called the Treaty of Bhairowal. This treaty was signed with the English by Maharani Jindan and the ruler of the Lahore Darbar.

Following were its main terms :

The administration of Lahore was entrusted to a council of eight Sikh Sardars who supported the English. They were to carry on this duty till Maharaja Dalip Singh was a minor.
The Governor-General appointed a British Resident as the head of this Council.
The Council of Regency was to work on the advice of the British Resident.
Rani Jindan was ousted from Lahore. She was given a pension of 1\(\frac{1}{2}\) lakh rupees annually.
For the protection of the Maharaja, and the establishment of law and order, the British forces would stay in Lahore.
The Lahore Darbar would pay Rs. 22 Lakhs a year to meet the expenses of the British forces which would continue staying in Lahore.
Besides at Lahore, the British troops could be stationed in Sikh fortresses, the occupation of which the Governor-General might feel necessary for the protection of the Maharaja’s interests.
The terms of this treaty would be considered valid till Maharaja Dalip Singh was a minor.

Importance: The Treaty of Bhairowal has great importance in the history of the Punjab and India

With this treaty, the English became the real masters of the Punjab. The British Resident was given unlimited powers. Henry Lawrence was appointed as the first British Resident at Lahore.
According to this treaty, Rani Jindan was ousted from Lahore. She was first interned at Sheikhupura and then sent to Benaras.

Question 5.
Write the causes of the Second Anglo-Sikh War.
Answer:
The Second Anglo-Sikh War was fought in 1848-49. The English came out victorious in it. As a result, the Punjab was annexed to the British Empire.

Following were the main causes of this war:
1. Restlessness of the Sikh Soldiers. The Sikh soldiers had to suffer a defeat in the
First Anglo-Sikh War. But they knew it well that their defeat was not because they were in any way weaker than the English soldiers but it was due to the treachery of their commanders. Now they wanted to wipe off that disgrace by fighting another war with the English.

2. British Policy of Speedy Reforms. In order to increase their influence in the Punjab, the English, especially Henry Lawrence, the English Resident at Lahore, tried to bring about some social reforms. Laws were framed one after other to end the practice of Sati, to ban the killing of female children and to effect changes in the Zamindari system. Although these reforms were desirable, yet they were brought about in such a haste that the people took them as an undue interference in their religious and social life.

3. Harsh Treatment with Lai Singh and Rani Jindan. The harsh treatment which the English meted out to Rani Jindan enraged the Sikhs. Their anger further increased when the Queen Mother, Rani Jindan was dubbed as a conspirator. She was first sent to Sheikhupura and then exiled to Benaras. The pension of Rani Jindan was reduced from Rs. 1^ lakhs to 48,000 rupees in the first instance and then to? 12,000 annually. Besides, the English also meted out a harsh treatment to the Prime Minister Lai Singh. Such a treatment with Rani Jindan and Lai Singh was too much for the Sikhs to tolerate. So once again, they were forced to take up arms against the English to safeguard their rights.

4. Appointment of British Officers on High Posts. According to the Treaty of Bhairowal, the real powers of the Lahore Kingdom had come in the hands of the English. So they began to appoint English officers on high posts. The Sikh chiefs took this policy of the English as an insult to them. They wanted to free the Punjab from the English yoke.

5. Reduction in the number of Sikh Soldiers. The number of men in the Sikh army ran into lakhs but according to the Treaty of Lahore, their number was reduced to 20 thousand infantry and 12 thousand horsemen. Thus, thousands of soldiers who were disbanded became opponents of the English. Not only this, those soldiers who were kept in service were to be paid lesser salaries. Thus the entire fchalsa army turned against the British. It was filled with anger and began to prepare for another showdown.

6. Revolt of Diwan Mulraj of Multan. After the death of his father, Mulraj became the Governor of Multan in 1844 A.D. He used to pay a tribute of Rs. 12 lakhs a year to the Lahore Darbar in lieu of this post. But, after the Treaty of Bhairowal in December 1846 A.D., the English took over the administration of Lahore. They increased this tribute to Rs. 18 lakhs and also asked him to surrender l/3rd of his territory. Mulraj could not tolerate all this injustice. So he expressed his desire to resign. The English quickly appointed Sardar Kahan Singh as the Governor of Multan. Diwan Mulraj handed over the charge of Multan to the new Governor. The soldiers of Diwan’Mulraj rose in revolt against the English and Diwan Mulraj recaptured Multan. This event led to the revolt against the English in the whole of the Punjab.

7. Revolt of Bhai Maharaj Singh. Bhai Maharaj Singh was the follower of Sant Bhai Bir Singh of Naurangabad. He rose in revoltragainst the English to protect the Sarkar-e-Khalsa. So Henry Lawrence, the British Resident, ordered to put him behind the bars. But he could not be arrested. At the request of Mulraj, he alongwith his 400 horsemen marched towards Multan. But he left Mulraj and joined hands with Chattar Singh Attariwala and his son Sher Singh.

8. Revolt of Chattar Singh of Hazara. Chattar Singh was the Governor of Hazara under the Lahore Government. The English also forced him to rise in revolt. An English officer, Captain Abott, instigated the Afghans of Hazara to revolt against the Sikh State. This British policy of hatching conspiracies led Chattar Singh to take up arms against them in August, 1848 A.D. and join hands with Mulraj.

9. Revolt of Sher Singh. Sher Singh, the son of Chattar Singh who had been sent by the Lahore Government to suppress the revolt of Multan also joined the forces of his father and Mulraj in September 1848 A.D. Thus the revolt against the English spread all over the Punjab. Sher Singh appealed to all the Sikhs to join the rebels to oust the English from the Punjab.

10. Invasion of Punjab by the English. Lord Dalhousie wanted to wage a war against the Sikhs on one pretext or the other and annex the Punjab to the British Empire. Under this policy, he allowed small upsurges by Mulraj, Chattar Singh and Sher Singh to take the form of a big rebellion so that the English could find an excuse to grab the Punjab. The English forces under the command of Lord Hugh Gough crossed the river Sutlej on November 9, 1848 and reached Lahore on 13 November. These forces were engaged in suppressing the rebellion. Thus the Second Anglo-Sikh War began.

Question 6.
Explain the events of the Second Anglo-Sikh War.
Answer:
The Second Anglo-Sikh War began in November 1848 after the English forces had crossed the river Sutlej. Following were the main events of this war :
1. The Battle of Ram Nagar. The first battle of the Second Anglo-Sikh War was fought at Ram Nagar. The Commander of the English forces, Lord Hugh Gough crossed the Ravi with his army on November 16, 1848 A.D. and reached the banks of the Chenab on November 22 and stood face to face with Sardar Sher Singh. A battle followed between the two forces at Ram Nagar but without a decision.

2. The Battle of Chillianwala. The English forces under the command of General Gough reached Chillianwala on January 13, 1849 A.D., where the Sikhs had entrenched themselves strongly. A fierce battle was fought at this place in which both the sides had to suffer heavy losses, yet without any outcome. Many brave Sikh warriors laid down their lives in this battle and they had to lose 12 guns also. But the English losses in this battle were even greater than those of the Sikhs. Their tally was 602 dead and 1,651 wounded.

3. The Battle of Multan. Multan had come under the control of Diwan Mulraj since April 1848 A.D. But in December, 1848 an English General, Whish laid a siege to Multan. Diwan Mulraj gave a tough fight to the English for some time but one day suddenly a shell hit his ammunition store and set it on fire. Because of this terrible loss, Diwan Mulraj could not fight any longer. He surrendered on January 22, 1849 A.D. The victory of Multan wiped out to a great extent the disgrace the English had suffered at Chillianwala.

4. The Battle of Gujrat, February 21, 1849 A.D. (Imp.). After the Battle of Chillianwala, the transfer of Lord Gough and the appointment of Sir Charles Napier had been ordered. But before Napier reached“the place of action, Lord Gough had already attacked the Sikhs. After the victory of Multan, the forces of General Whish joined those of General Gough which raised the strength of the English forces to 25,000 and the number of their guns rose to 100. On the other hand, the Sikh army was 61,500 strong and they had 61 guns with them.

A battle between both the forces took place on February 21,1849 A.D. at Gujrat on the banks of the Chenab. This battle was very fierce. Akram Khan, son of Dost Mohammed, the ruler of Afghanistan also joined hands with the Sikhs. Because both the sides made extensive use of guns in this battle, so many historians call it as the “battle of guns”. Shelling continued for three hours but the Sikhs had to leave their positions. At last, on March 13, 1849 AD. the Sikh chiefs surrendered. Thus the Second Anglo-Sikh War came to an end.

Question 7.
Write the results of the Second Anglo-Sikh War.
Answer:
The Second Anglo-Sikh War proved destructive for the Sikhs.

Following were its mains results :
1. Annexation of Punjab into the British Empire. The Sikhs were completely defeated in this war. By a proclamation, Lord Dalhousie declared that the Punjab was annexed into the British Empire. Maharaja Dalip Singh was dethroned and the Punjab became a part of the British Empire.

2. Punishment to Mulraj and Maharaj Singh. Mulraj was held responsible for the murder of the two English officers, Agnew and Anderson. Mulraj was exiled to Andaman Islands (Kala Pani). On December 29, 1849. Maharaj Singh was arrested. He was sentenced to life imprisonment and sent to Singapore prison.

3. Disbanding of the Khalsa Army. The Khalsa Army was disbanded and the lands of many Sikh Chiefs were confiscated. The soldiers of the disbanded army were allowed to join the British army.

4. Appointment of the British officers in the Punjab. After the Second Anglo- Sikh War, the English officials were appointed on high posts in place of the Hindus, the Sikhs and the Muslims. They were given handsome salaries and allowances.

5. Establishment of a Frontier Force. Henry Lawrence, with the help of Edwards and Nicholson, constituted a Board for the administration of the frontier territories. A frontier force was also raised which consisted of infantry, horsemen, artillery and elephants. The English pulled down the old and outdated forts and constructed new ones and cantonments in their place.

6. Establishment of a Board of Administration. Lord Dalhousie constituted a Board of Administrators to administer the Punjab. Henry Lawrence was the Chairman of this Board. This Board consisted of three members. They were collectively responsible for running the administration of the Punjab. The members of the Board were given extensive powers in administrative and judicial matters. Many reforms were introduced by this Board. Roads and canals were constructed and a new postal system was introduced.

7. Cordial relations with the Sikh Chiefs. The rulers of Patiala, Nabha, Jirid, Kapurthala and Faridkot had helped the English in the Second Anglo-Sikh War. The English gave them big rewards for their services. The English also resolved not to annex their states into the British Empire.

Question 8.
How did the Britisher’s annex Punjab?
Answer:
Maharaja Ranjit Singh died in 1839 A.D. After him, there was no capable leader of the Sikhs who could lead them. The Sikh army captured power in its hands. Taking advantage of such circumstances, the English fought two wars with the Sikhs. The Sikh forces fought bravely in these wars. But because of the treachery of their commanders, they lost the battles. In 1849, after the Second Anglo-Sikh war, the Punjab was annexed to the British Empire.

The following two wars were fought between the Sikhs and the English.
1. First Anglo-Sikh War. The English had been anxious to annex the Punjab to their empire. After the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the English found an opportunity to fulfil their desire. They started collecting their army on the other side of the river Sutlej. The Sikh leaders were enraged to see the preparations for war being made by the English. The Sikh forces crossed the river Sutlej in 1845 and came near Ferozepur. Thus the First Anglo-Sikh War started. Teja Singh, the Commander of the Sikh Army and Wazir Lai Singh joined hands with the English. Because of their treachery, the Sikh forces lost the battles at Mudki and Ferozeshah.

The Sikh forces took courage and crossed the river Sutlej and reached Ludhiana. They attacked the English. Here the English faced a defeat. But because of the treachery of Gulab Singh, the Sikhs had to face defeat at Aliwal and Sabraon. In March, 1846 A.D., a treaty was signed between the English and the Sikhs. According to this Treaty of Lahore, the Sikhs had to pay 1 j crore rupees as war indemnity to the British. A British army was stationed at Lahore to maintain law and order in the Punjab during the minority of Maharaja Dalip Singh.

2. Second Anglo-Sikh War and annexation of Punjab into the British Empire. In 1848, the Second Anglo-Sikh War broke out. The immediate cause of the war was the revolt of the governor of Multan Dewan Mulraj. On 19th April, 1848 Mulraj handed over the administration of Multan to two British officials. The people of Multan got excited to see the British officials. So they revolted and murdered the British officials. The whole of Punjab revolted against the British rule. At last, the British declared war against the Lahore kingdom on November 16, 1848. The most important battles of this war were the Battle of Ram Nagar (22 November 1848), Battle of Multan (December 1848), Battle of Chillianwala (January 13, 1849), Battle of Gujrat (February 1849). The Battle of Ram Nagar was not a decisive battle. The Sikhs had to face defeat at Multan, Chillianwala and Gujarat. In 1849, the Sikhs accepted their defeat. After this Punjab was annexed to the British Empire.

Activity:

Question 1.
1. Show the towns of Mudki, Ferozeshah, Baddowal, Aliwal and Sabraon on the map of Punjab.
2. Show the battlefield of the First Anglo-Sikh war on the map of Punjab.
Answer:
PSEB 10th Class SST Solutions History Chapter 8 The Anglo-Sikh Wars and Annexation of Punjab 1

PSEB 10th Class Social Science Guide The Anglo-Sikh Wars and Annexation of Punjab Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions in one line or one word :

Question 1.
What was the main cause of the First Anglo-Sikh War?
Answer:
Rani Jindan and Lai Singh, being afraid of the Sikh army, wanted to engage it in a war against the British.

Question 2.
Where were the four main battles of the First Anglo-Sikh fought?
Answer:
Mudki, Ferozeshah, Aliwal and Sabraon.

Question 3.
Mention any one clause of the Treaty of Lahore (9 March, 1846 A.D.).
Answer:
The British annexed the plains and the mountain region of Punjab between the Sutlej and the Beas.

Question 4.
Give any one cause of the Second Anglo-Sikh War.
Answer:
The Treaty of Lahore and Treaty of Bhairowal had given a severe blow to the Sikh prestige.

Question 5.
What were the four main battles of the Second Anglo-Sikh War?
Answer:

Battle of Ram Nagar,
Battle of Multan,
Battle of Chillianwala and
Battle of Gujrat.

Question 6.
Mention any one consequence of the Second Anglo-Sikh War.
Answer:
Punjab was annexed to the British Indian Empire on 29 March, 1849 A.D.

Question 7.
Give any one reason responsible for the downfall of the Sikh power.
Answer:
Ranjit Singh’s successors were unworthy.

Question 8.
Give any one reason for the annexation of the Punjab by the English.
Answer:
They realised that the Punjab could serve as a very good consumer market for British goods.

Question 9.
How did Lord Dalhousie justify the annexation of the Punjab”? Give any one argument.
Answer:
Lord Dalhousie charged the Sikhs of violating the terms of the treaty of Bhairowal.

Question 10.
Give any one argument against the annexation of the Punjab.
Answer:
The murder of just four British officers in Punjab was given undue importance by Lord Dalhousie.

Question 11.
What treatment was meted out to Maharaja Dalip Singh after the annexation of Punjab by the British?
Answer:
Dalip Singh was given a pension of 50,000 pounds and sent to England.

Question 12.
What arrangement was made for the administration of Punjab after its annexation in 1849?
Answer:
A Board of Administration of three members was established to govern Punjab.

Question 13.
When was the Punjab annexed to the British Empire?
Answer:
On 25 March, 1849.

Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
The last and most decisive battle between the British and the Sikhs was fought on February 10, 1846 A.D. at __________
Answer:
Gujrat

Question 2.
By the Treaty of Bhairowal 16 December 1846, the administration of Lahore was entrusted to a ________ they were to carry on this duty till Maharaja Dalip Singh was a ________.
Answer:
Council of 8 Sardars, minor

Question 3.
The Battle of Gujrat, February 1849 has been called as the ________.
Answer:
“Battle of Guns”

Question 4.
The Second Anglo-Sikh War came to an end on ________.
Answer:
13 March, 1849

Question 5.
Lord Dalhousie constructed a Board of ________ to administer the Punjab after the annexation of the Punjab.
Answer:
Administration.

True or False :

Question 1.
Kharak Singh was the successor of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Because of the treachery of Teja Singh and Lai Singh the Sikhs lost the Battle of Sabraon.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
The British did not annex any territory of Punjab by the First Treaty of Lahore (March 1846).
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Henry Lawrence was appointed the Chairman of the Board of Administration.
Answer:
True.

Match the following :

Question 1.

A	B
1. Chattar Singh	(a) Last Sikh ruler of Lahore State
2. Dalip Singh	(b) Prime Minister
3. Bhairowal	(c) Treaty
4. Kashmir	(d) Gulab Singh
5. Lai Singh	(e) Governor of Hazara.

Answer:
1. (e)
2. (a)
3. (c)
4. (d)
5. (b).

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the First Anglo-Sikh War.
Answer:
The English had been anxious to annex the Punjab to their empire. After the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the English found an opportunity to fulfil their desire. They stationed their army on the other side of the river Sutlej. The Sikh leaders were enraged to see the preparations for war being made by the English. The Sikh army crossed the river Sutlej in 1845 and reached near Ferozepur. Thus the First Anglo-Sikh War started. Teja Singh, the Commander of the Sikh army and Wazir Lai Singh joined hands with the English. Because of their treachery, the Sikh forces lost the battles at Mudki and Ferozeshah, The Sikh forces took courage and crossed the river Sutlej and reached Ludhiana. They attacked the English. Here the English faced a defeat.

But because of the treachery of their commanders, the Sikh army had to face defeat at Aliwal and Sabraon. In March, 1846 A.D., a treaty was signed between the English and the Sikhs. According to the Treaty of Lahore, the Sikhs had to pay 1, crore rupees as indemnity to the British. A British army was kept in Lahore to maintain law and order in the Punjab during the minority of Maharaja Dalip Singh.

Question 2.
Write a short note on the Second Anglo-Sikh War.
Answer:
The Second Anglo-Sikh War broke out in 1848 A.D. The immediate cause of the war was the revolt of the governor of Multan, Dewan Mulraj . On 19th April, 1848 A.D. Mulraj handed over the administration of Multan to two British officials. The people of Multan were excited to see the British officials and they rose in revolt and murdered the British officials. The whole of Punjab revolted against the British rule. At last, the British decided to declare a war against the Lahore Kingdom. The most important battles of this war were Battle of Ram Nagar (22 November, 1848), Battle of Multan (December 1848), Battle of Chillianwala (January 13, 1849), Battle of Gujrat (February, 1849). The Battle of Ram Nagar was not a decisive battle. The Sikhs had to face defeat in the battles of Multan, Chillianwala and Gujrat. In 1849, the Sikhs surrendered completely. After this, the Punjab was annexed to the British Empire.

Question 3.
Write a short note on the annexation of the Punjab.
Answer:
Maharaja Ranjit Singh died in 1839. After this, there was no capable leader who could lead the Sikhs. All the ruling powers came in the hands of the Sikh army. The English took advantage of this opportunity. They conspired with some Sikh military officials. They began to strengthen their fortifications. They also increased the number of their soldiers. Thus they were preparing for the war. They fought two wars with the Sikhs. The Sikhs fought bravely in both the wars but were defeated because of the treachery of their military commanders and the officials. After the first Anglo-Sikh war, the English occupied the territory of Jalandhar Doab of Punjab and stationed their own army in place of the Sikh arm;/. But in 1849, after the second war, Lord Dalhousie annexed the whole of Sikh Kingdom of Punjab to the English empire.

Question 4.
What were the four causes of the First Anglo-Sikh War?
Answer:

The main cause of 1st Anglo-Sikh war was that Lai Singh and Rani Jindan had instigated the Sikh army against the British.
Lai Singh and Rani Jindan convinced the Sikh army that the British were determined to occupy the Punjab after capturing Sindh.
The British had gathered more than 35,000 soldiers at Ludhiana.
The British increased their army in Sindh and made a bridge of boats across the river Sutlej to cross it. All these events made the Sikhs to believe that the British wanted to capture Punjab. Under these circumstances, the Sikh army crossed the river Sutlej in 1845 and the 1st Anglo-Sikh war began.

Question 5.
What were the results of the First Anglo-Sikh war?
Answer:

The British secured the territory of Jalandhar Doab.
Dalip Singh was appointed as Maharaja and a Council of Regency comprising of eight members was established to run the administration.
Sir Henry Lawrence was appointed as the Resident at Lahore.
The Sikhs had to pay 1~ crore rupees as the war indemnity to the British. The Lahore Darbar had only Rs. 50 lakhs in its treasury. So it sold away the province of Jammu and Kashmir to Raja Gulab Singh.
It was decided to keep the British army in Lahore. The Khalsa Darbar was required to pay Rs. 22 lakhs rupees annually for its maintenance.
The strength of the Sikh army was reduced to only 20,000 foot-soldiers.

Question 6.
Describe any four reasons responsible for the downfall of the Sikh kingdom in Punjab.
Answer:

Ranjit Singh was an arbitrary ruler. All the powers of the state were concentrated in his hands. After his death, his unworthy successors could not control the vast kingdom efficiently.
Ranjit Singh followed a weak policy towards the British. The British took advantage of it and were ultimately successful in annexing the Punjab.
The administration of Maharaja Ranjit Singh was based on strong army. After Ranjit Singh’s death, the Sikh army took all powers in its hands. The Sikh chiefs tried to weaken the Sikh army and incited it to wage war against the British.
In some battles, during the First and the Second Anglo-Sikh War, the Sikh forces were about to win the war. But because of the treachery of their commanders, their victory was converted into a defeat.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
What were the causes and results of the Second Anglo-Sikh War?
Answer;

The treaty of Lahore and that of Bhairowal had crippled the Lahore Kingdom. Now there was nothing to feel proud of. So they were in search of an opportunity to take revenge.
The Sikh soldiers who were disbanded from the army were in search of an opportunity to take revenge.
The immediate cause of the war was the revolt of the governor of Multan, Diwan Mulraj. A minor incident resulted in a great revolt. The British demanded ten years’ accounts from Diwan Mulraj which was impossible for him to submit because he had been its governor for about four years only. So he resigned. The British Resident sent Sardar Kalian Singh to take over the control of administration from Diwan Mulraj. Two British officials, Agnew and Anderson went along with him. On 19th April 1848, Diwan Mulraj handed over the administration of Multan to them.

The people of Multan got excited to see the British officials and they rose in revolt on April 20, 1848, and murdered the British officials. The British took no step at that time to suppress the rebellion. As a result, the revolt against the British spread throughout the whole of Punjab. At last, the British declared war against the Lahore kingdom on November 16, 1848.

The Results of the Second Anglo-Sikh War:

Punjab was annexed to the British Empire on March 25, 1849, and a Board of Administration of three members was established for the administration of Punjab.
Maharaja Dalip Singh was given a pension of 50,000 pounds annually and sent to England.
Diwan Mulraj was tried for his offence. He was declared to be guilty and then exiled.

Rhythmic Folk Dance Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

October 21, 2024October 20, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Rhythmic Folk Dance Game Rules.

Rhythmic Folk Dance Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 1.
Write down the name of main Folk-Dance.
Answer:
The main Rhythmic Folk Dances are:

Lezium
Dumb-bell
Tipri
Folk Dance
Skipping
Ribbon Dance
Pole Dance
Mass P.T.

1. Folk Dance:
It is divided into two parts-
1. Regional Folk Dance
2. Western Folk Dance
(i) Regional Folk Dances are: Gujrati, Tipri, Machhua of Maharashtra, Rajasthani Folk Dance, Kolaham of Tamil, Bangali Folk Dance, Gidha and Bhangara of Punjab.
(ii) Some steps of Western Folk Dance are:

Do side
Heel toe step
Gup
Polka
Slide.

2. Lezium:
Lezium consists of a wooden handle of 15″ to 18″ in length with an iron chain fixed at both ends of the wooden handle and a rod of 15 cms (6″) in the middle. The iron chain contains iron plates in each ring which produces rhythmic and jingling sound when the lezium is in use. The weight of the whole apparatus is between 1 % to 2 lbs.
Rhythmic Folk Dance Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education 1
Types of Lezium : Lezium Skand, Aram, Husshyar, Pavitra, Char Awaj, Ek Jagah, Aidi Lagala, Starting position, Do Rukh, Age Shlang, Peeche Shlang.

3. Dumble:
Dumble is an ancient Indian method of exercise, which can be performed indoor or outdoor.
Dumble is of two types-

Iron Dumble
Wooden Dumble: The Dumble has very thick and heavy and in the middle it is very thin.

Hold the Handle and struck them with each other so the voice may be produced. In this exercise position one, position two, position three and position are performed.

4. Tipri:
Tipri is a thick wooden stick having 15′ to 18″ in length. The thickness of the wooden stick may be 20 to 25 mm and weight about 100 gm. By holding this tipri in both hands dance is performed. It is of two types:

Lonely
In group.

5. Skipping:
It is a cotton rope at least 10 cm in diameter and 3 metres in length. Hold both the ends of the rope and rotate it from forward to backward by touching it to the floor-as soon as it touches the ground jump over it.

The following activities can be performed:

A pushing jumping forward and backward over a single rope.
Performed skipping with partner.
Skipping with coming in and going out.
Skipping on stunts

PSEB 10th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Microsoft Publishers-I

October 21, 2024October 20, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Computer Book Solutions Chapter 7 Microsoft Publishers-I Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 10 Computer Science Chapter 7 Microsoft Publishers-I

Computer Guide for Class 10 PSEB Microsoft Publishers-I Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Choose an application used to design and produce attractive advertising and promotional material.
(a) Document
(b) Spreadsheet
(c) Publication
(d) Presentation
Answer:
(c) Publication

Question 2
Publisher enables us to produce quick publications by using:
(a) Manual
(b) Wizards
(c) Customize
(d) All of these
Answer:
(b) Wizards

Question 3
To open the Microsoft publisher by keyboard, what we need to type in search bar?
(a) WordPad
(b) Notepad
(c) Access
(d) Publisher
Answer:
(d) Publisher

Question 4
Each tab is divided into:
(a) Groups
(b) Status Bar
(c) Menus
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Groups

PSEB 10th Class Computer Book Chapter 7 Microsoft Publishers-I

Question 5
After creating publication, save the publication by clicking on save option in:
(a) Groups
(b) Home
(c) Insert
(d) View
Answer:
(a) Groups

Question 6
Close the publication by clicking button in File menu.
(a) Open
(b) New
(c) Print
(d) Close
Answer:
(d) Close

2. Fill In The Blanks

1. We can also add the objects to the blank Layout like ………….. word art, and auto shapes etc.
Answer:
Text, Pictures

2. The handles centered on the lines of the box will stretch the object ………… and …………. .
Answer:
Vertically and Horizontally

3. We can …………. and …………… on the handles to resize our frame.
Answer:
Click and Drag

4. To view additional features within each group, click the dialog box launcher (arrow) at the bottom of each ……………..
Answer:
Right Comer, Group

5. When we click on a small circles appear around the edge of ……………. the frame. These are called
Answer:
Frame , Handles.

3. True or False

1. A Template is a tool used in Publisher to help us easily create basic publication.
Answer:
True

2. Most publications are divided into several different areas called frames.
Answer:
True

3. The comer handles will resize the object proportionally.
Answer:
True

4. Before exiting Publisher, we should not close all the publications.
Answer:
False

5. We cannot add items to the quick access toolbar by click on any item.
Answer:
False

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Extension used to save a publication is?
Answer:
.pub

Question 2.
To move objects which cursor is used?
Answer:
Crosshairs

Question 3.
Online Templates are available in?
Answer:
Office.com

Question 4.
List of our recently used Publisher files are in?
Answer:
Recent

Question 5.
AZX The text is arranged around the object by using which option?
Answer:
Wrap text

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is Publisher?
Answer:
Publisher is an application software which is used to create publication for professional and personal use. It is a product of Microsoft company. It is one of the major software of Desktop Publishing.

Question 2.
Write the steps for Moving Objects in publisher.
Answer:
Following are the steps to Move Object in Publisher:
1. Click on the Object.
2. Place the cursor on solid line so that you see cross hairs.
3. Click and Drag the Object to desired location.

Question 3.
Define Templates?
Answer:
Template is a set of Predefined design styles that can be used to create a publication of document. It can be customized as per our needs.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How to create a publication using blank layout in publisher?
Answer:
We can create new Publication by following methods:

By using blank layout.
By using installed templates.
By using online templates.

Creating a publication using Blank Layout:
Following are there steps to start with a blank publication-

Click the File menu, and then click New.
Under Available Templates, click a blank publication template, and then click Create.
You can create a publication with our own specifications in Publication. You can also add the objects to the blank layout like text,picture, word art, and auto shapes etc.
After creating publication, save the publication by clicking on save option in File menu.
The Save As dialog box appears, type a name for our publication, select the folder in which we want to save it, and then click save button.

Question 2.
How to add text using text box and write the steps for editing text in publisher?
Answer:
Adding Text in Publication. Following steps are used to add text in publication:

From the Home or Insert Tab, select Draw Text Box.
Place the cursor on the page where we want to draw a text box.
Click and drag the cursor across the page to the desired size. The size of the text box can be changed after we have drawn it.
When we let go of the left click on the mouse, we are brought to the format tab which gives us more options for the text box.
Type the text in text box.

Editing Text in MS Publisher:
1. Highlight the text we want to edit.
2. If we are not brought to the Text Box Tools Format Tab, then select it.
3. Text Group Options :

Text Fit. Defines how the text will fit in the text box : Best Fit, Shrink Text on Overflow, Grow Text Box to Fit, Do Not Auto-Fit.
Text Direction. Changes direction to horizontal or vertical.
Hyphenation. Changes hyphenation behavior of selected text.

4. Font Group Options. Style Font Size, Bold, Italics, Underline, Text Spacing, & Color.
5. Alignment Group Options. Text Box Alignment, Columns, Margins.
6. Effects Group Options. Shadow, Outline, Engrave, Emboss.

Question 3.
How to Print your Publication? Write their steps.
Answer:
There are two basic ways to print your publication :
First one is to click on the print icon on toolbar. This will print one copy of our publication with the default print options.

1. Click on the File menu and click Print.
2. When the print window appears, select the desired number of copies.
3.Choose any other print settings:

All Pages, Selection, Current Page, or Custom Range
Manually enter page numbers we want to print
How many pages print per sheet of paper
Paper Size .
1-sided or 2-sided printing.

4. Click Print.

PSEB 10th Class Computer Guide Microsoft Publishers-I Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
A pre defined design is called?
(a) Publication
(b) ClipArt
(c) Design
(d) Template
Answer:
(d) Template

Question 2.
Publications include:
(a) Advertising Material
(b) Promotional Material
(c) Both of these
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Both of these

Fill in the Blanks

1. Publisher is used to ………….. , …………… and ……………. publication.
Answer:
Design, Promotional, Advertising

2. …………. area is the blank area of the publisher window.
Answer:
Publication

3. ………….. is the small window on the left side of Publisher Window.
Answer:
Task Pane

4. Various invitation card types all displayed in ………………… .
Answer:
Preview Gallery

5. The advertising and promotional material is called ……………… .
Answer:
Publications.

Select True/False

1. Publisher is used to print document.
Answer:
True

2. The status bar is present at the bottom of the publisher window.
Answer:
True

3. The personal information is filled in personal information dialog box.
Answer:
True

4. The publications of publisher are saved with extension .ppt.
Answer:
False

5. Before existing publisher, it is not necessary to close all the publications.
Answer:
True.

Very Short Answer Type Question

Question 1
What is Publisher?
Answer:
Publisher is an application that is used to. design and produce advertisement and promotional materials.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the steps to open the Publisher.
Answer:
The following are the steps to open publisher:
1. Click on start button.
2. Select MS Publisher from the program.
3. Click OK.

Question 2.
Write the name of component of Publisher Window.
Answer:
On the start menu, point to all programs, point to microsoft office, and then click Micro soft office publisher. The Microsoft publisher window will appear.

Question 3.
What are the two ways of creating a Publication?
Answer:
The following are the two ways of creating a publication:
1. By Wizards
2. By Using blank layout.

Question 4.
Write the steps to Save Publication.
Answer:
The following are the steps to save of publication :
(i) On the File Menu, Click Save. The Save As dialog box appears. The default name of the publication is Publication 1.
(ii) Select the folder in which you want to save the application, type name in the File Name box and then click Save.
The publication is save in the selected folder with a pub extension.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the difference between word and publisher.
Answer:

Word	Publisher
1. Word is an example of Word Processing Software	1. Publisher is an example of DTP software
2. Word Document has extension .doc	2. Publisher document has extension of .pub
3. Word is mostly used of common typing purpose	3. Publisher is used for designing professional objects.

Question 2.
Explain the components of Publisher Window.
Answer:
Components of publisher window:
There are three most important components that we should remember as we work within Publisher 2010. These are:
PSEB 10th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Microsoft Publishers-I 1
1. Quick Access Toolbar:
The quick access toolbar is a customizable toolbar that contains commands that we may want to use. We can place the quick access toolbar above or below the ribbon. To change the location of the quick access toolbar, click on the arrow at the end of the toolbar and click Show below the Ribbon. We can also add items to the quick access toolbar, simply click on any item and if will be added to our toolbar.

2. Ribbon:
The ribbon is the panel at the top portion of the document it has six tabs: Home, Insert, Page Design, Mailings, Review, and View. Each tab is divided into groups

3. File Window:
When we click on the File menu, we are brought to the Info screen. It looks like that our document is gone, but it is not. As we click on the options in the File menu, the screen will change accordingly.

Save: Save the file as a 2010 file.
Save As: Allows you to choose a different file type (i.e. PDF, Word).
Open: Browse to a Publisher file.
Close: Closes the file but keeps Publisher running.
Info: Edit Business information, use Design Checker, and set Commercial Print Information.
Recent: List of our recently used Publisher files.
New: New Publication Screen.
Print: Print Options.
Save & Send: Options for saving e mailing the file.
Help: Microsoft Help.
Options: Set default options.
Exit: Closes Publisher (file and program).

Question 3.
How to create a publication using blank layout?
Answer:
Creating a publication using blank layout:
Following are the steps to start with a blank publication:
1. Click the File menu, and then click New.

2. Under Available Templates, click a blank publication template, and then click Create.

3. Now, we can create a publication with our own specifications in publication. We can also add the objects to the blank layout like text, picture, word art, and auto shapes etc.

4. After creating publication, save the publication by clicking on save option in File menu. The Save As dialog box appears, type a name for bur publication, select the folder in which you want to save it, and then click save button. The publication is saved with a .pub extension.

5. Close the publication by clicking close button in File menu. A dialog box appears, if we want to save the changes, then click yes button, otherwise click no. Before exiting Publisher, we should close all the publications, then Click Exit in File menu or click cross button on title bar.

Question 4.
How you can load MS Publishers?
Answer:
Microsoft Publisher:
Microsoft Publisher is differing from Microsoft Word in that the emphasis is placed on page layout and design rather than text composition and proofing. Microsoft Publisher is a business desktop publishing program that enables users to easily create professional-looking marketing materials.

The Microsoft Publisher offers more design options with over 2,000 professionally designed publication templates and hundreds of design elements for users to mix and match within their publications. A flexible wizard model allows users to work the way they want, and automated design expertise helps them achieve professional results without design expertise. Stronger office integration and a complete print-to-web publishing solution enable users to deliver professional looking results.

Question 5.
What are the steps to save Publication in MS Publisher?
Answer:
There are two basic ways to save our publication. First one is to Point and click on the save icon on our toolbar.

Follow these step:

Click on the File menu and Save As.
When the Save As Dialogue Box appears Click Browse and find the location on computer where we want the file saved.
Type the name of our publication in the File Name field.
Click on the Save button.

Question 6.
Write the steps to modify a page design.
Answer:
Page Design:
1. Click the tab Page Design if needed, to change templates, adjust page margins, apply ruler guides, or apply built-in color schemes to the chosen template.

2. We can use the Built-in Ruler Guide templates to help in aligning text boxes, pictures, or other objects. To apply a Built-in Ruler Guide template click on the command Guides in the group Layout, and then choose a template.

3. To add a vertical or horizontal ruler guide repeat the above step, then click on Add Vertical or Horizontal Ruler Guide.

4. To add additional guides, move the mouse pointer over the vertical or horizontal ruler, drag the guide in the desired direction when the pointer changes to a two headed arrow.

Question 7.
Write the steps of Creating a Publication with Templates.
Answer:
Creating a publication with Templates:
We can create a publication in Publisher by using template.
Available Publication Types : Publisher 2010 allows us:
1. To apply built-in templates.
2. To apply our own custom templates.
3. To search from a variety of templates available on Office.com. Office.com provides a wide selection of popular Publisher templates, including newsletters and flyers.

To find and apply a template in Publisher 2010, dp the following:
1. On the File tab, click New.
2. Under Available Templates, do one of the following:

To use a template that we already have installed, click My Templates, click the template that we want, and then click Create
To use one of the pre-built templates installed in Publisher, under Most Popular or More Templates, click the category that we want, click the template that we want, and then click Create.
To find and apply a template on Office.com, under Most Popular or More Templates, click the category that we want, click the template that we want, and then click Download.

PSEB 10th Class SST Solutions History Chapter 6 Banda Bahadur and the Sikh Misals

October 21, 2024October 20, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Social Science Book Solutions History Chapter 6 Banda Bahadur and the Sikh Misals Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 6 Banda Bahadur and the Sikh Misals

SST Guide for Class 10 PSEB Banda Bahadur and the Sikh Misals Textbook Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions in 20-25 words:

Question 1.
What were the orders given by Guru Ji to the Sikhs of Punjab in his Hukamnama?
Answer:
Guru Gobind Singh Ji instructed the Sikhs of Punjab in his Hukamnama to consider Banda Bahadur as their leader in their struggle against the Mughals.

Question 2.
Why did Banda Bahadur come to Punjab from the South?
Answer:
Guru Gobind Singh Ji had appointed Banda Bahadur as the leader of the Sikhs in Punjab. Hence, he came to Punjab from Deccan to undertake military action against the tyrannical Mughals.

Question 3.
Why did Banda Bahadur attack Samana?
Answer:
Sayyid Jalaludin, the executioner of Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji, lived in Samana. The other two executioners of two young Sahibzadas, namely, Jalad Shasal Beg and Jalad Bhagal Beg were also inhabitants of Samana. Due to this reason, Banda Bahadur attacked Samana.

Question 4.
What was the reason for attacking Bhuna village by Banda Bahadur?
Answer:
A contingent of Mughal soldiers guarding a Mughal treasury was camping at village Bhuna. Banda Bahadur needed money for his military campaigns. Hence, he attacked the village Bhuna.

Question 5.
Why did Banda Bahadur attack Sadhaura?
Answer:
Banda Bahadur attacked Sadhaura to punish its ruler Usman Khan. Usman Khan was notorious for commiting atrocities on the Hindus. Usman Khan had also killed Buddhu Shah for having supported Guru Gobind Singh Ji in the battle of Bhangani.

Question 6.
Why did Banda Bahadur attack Chapparchiri and Sirhind?
Or
What was the reason for attacking Sirhind by Banda Bahadur?
Answer:
The Subedar of Sirhind, Wazir Khan had troubled Guru Gobind Singh Ji throughout his stay in the Punjab. He had also bricked alive the two young Sahibzadas in a wall at Sirhind. That was why Banda Bahadur attacked Sirhind and Chapparchiri.

Question 7.
What was the cause of the battle of Rahon?
Answer:
The Sikhs of Jalandhar Doab had risen in arms against Faujdar Shamas Khan. The Sikhs had removed the Mughal officers by force and replaced them by Sikh officers. As a result, the battle of Rahon was fought between the Sikhs and the Mughals.

Question 8.
Wazir Khan was the Subedar of which place? Where did he fight against Banda Bahadur?
Answer:
Wazir Khan was appointed as the Subedar of Sirhind by the Mughals. He fought a battle with Banda Bahadur at Chapparchirri.

Question 9.
Write about the martyrdom of Banda Bahadur.
Answer:
Banda Bahadur was arrested along with about one thousand Sikh soldiers in 1715 and taken to Delhi. There, the Mughal tormentors plucked out his flesh with hot iron rods. In this manner, Banda Bahadur was martyred.

Question 10.
When and between whom third battle of Panipat fought?
Answer:
Third battle of Panipat was fought in 1761 between Ahmad Shah Abdali and Marathas. ,

Question 11.
How was the Karorsinghia Misl named?
Answer:
The founder of Karorsinghia Misl was Karor Singh. His Misl was named as Karorsinghia Misl after his name.

Question 12.
Who was Sada Kaur?
Answer:
Sada Kaur was the mother-in-law of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. She belonged to the Kanhaiya Misl. She was a woman of extraordinary courage and ability.

Answer the following questions in 30-50 words:

Question 1.
Describe the meeting of Banda Bahadur and Guru Gobind Singh Ji.
Answer:
The original name of Banda Bahadur was Madho Dass. His childhood name was Lakshman Dass. He was a Bairagi. In 1708, Guru Gobind Singh Ji visited South India. There, Madho Dass happened to meet’Guru Gobind Singh Ji. He was so much impressed by the graceful personality of Guru Sahib that he immediately adopted Guru Sahib as his Guru. Guru Sahib baptized him a Sikh and renamed him Gurbaksh Singh. Guru Sahib sent him to the Punjab* to lead the Sikhs. He became popular as Banda Bahadur in Punjab.

Question 2.
Write a note on the conquest of Samana by Banda Bahadur.
Answer:
Banda Bahadur attacked Samana on October 26, 1709. The cause of the attack on Samana was that the executioner who had martyred Guru Teg Bahadur Ji and bricked the two young Sahibzadas in a wall at Sirhind belonged to Samana. The fight continued in the streets of Samana for many hours. It is said that the Sikhs killed nearly ten thousand Muslims. They also razed to the ground numerous buildings. The families of the executioners were completely liquidated. Banda Bahadur looted a large amount of money from Samana.

Question 3.
Write about the battle of Chapparchiri (Sirhind).
Answer:
The Subedar of Sirhind Wazir Khan had troubled Guru Gobind Singh Ji throughout his stay in Punjab. Secondly, the two young Sahibzadas were bricked alive in a wall on his orders. Banda Bahadur determined to avenge the heinous crimes committed by Wazir Khan. When Banda Bahadur marched towards Sirhind, many people rallied under his flag. A nephew of Sucha Nand, who was an employee of Sirhind administration, also joined the invading Sikh army along with his thousand soldiers. However, later he deserted the Sikh army. On the other side, Wazir Khan had twenty thousand soldiers at his disposal. On May 22, 1710, a fierce battle took place at Chapparchirri, a place 16 kilometres away from Sirhind. Wazir Khan was slain in the battle. The enemy army became the victim of the swords of Sikhs in large numbers. The dead body of Wazir Khan was hanged from a tree. The nose of Sucha Nand was pierced and he was paraded in the town.

Question 4.
Describe the battle of Gurdas Nangal.
Answer:
The Mughals were highly infuriated by the continuous victories of Banda Bahadur. Finally, in 1715, a large Mughal army attacked Banda’s army. Abdus Samad Khan was in command of that army. The Sikhs fought the Mughal army doggedly. However, they were forced to move to Haveli of Duni Chand at Gurdas Nangal, a place 6 kilometres west of Gurdaspur City. They again entrenched themselves in the mansion (haveli) of Bhai Duni Chand. In order to strengthen the defence of the Haveli, they dug out a moat around the building and filled it with water. In April 1715, the Mughal army landed near the haveli of Duni Chand and besieged it. The Sikhs put up a stiff resistance. The siege continued for eight months during which all the food supplies within the haveli were finished. Thus, compelled by the circumstances, the Sikhs accepted the defeat. Banda Bahadur and his about 1000 soldiers were arrested and taken to Lahore.

Question 5.
Which was the First Misl? Describe it.
Answer:
The Faizalpuria Misl was the first Misl which came into existence. The founder of this Misl was Nawab Kapur Singh. He had first occupied a village Faizalpur near Amritsar and named it Singhpur. It was, therefore, also called the Singpuria Misl.

In 1753, Nawab Kapur Singh died and his nephew Khushal Singh became the chief of the Faizalpuria Misl. By that time, the influence and dominance of the Sikhs had increased and Faizalpuria Misl extended its sway over a wide area. In 1796, Buddh Singh, son of Khushal Singh, became the chief of the Faizalpuria Misl. He was a brave and capable chief just like his father. In 1819, Maharaja Ranjit Singh annexecFFaizalpuria Misl to his kingdom.

Answer the following questions in 100-120 words:

Question 1.
Describe the early conquests of Banda Bahadur.
Answer:
Banda Bahadur was a great military commander of his times. The strongest weapons of Banda Bahadur were his intrepidity and the blessings of Guru Gobind Singh Ji. He had come to Delhi on the instructions of Guru Sahib. He sent the Hukamnama of Guru Gobind Singh Ji to the Sikhs of Malwa, Doaba and Majha. Soon after, thousands of Sikhs rallied under his flag. After organising the army with the help of those Sikhs, Banda Bahadur marched towards Punjab to take military action against the tyranny and oppression of the Mughals.

1. Attack on Sonipat. After leaving Delhi for Punjab, he first attacked Sonipat. At that time, only 500 Sikhs had joined him. However, the Faujdar of Sonipat had no courage to face the Sikh army on learning about the stories of their valour. He ran away from the town along with his soldiers.

2. Looting of Royal treasury at Bhuna (Kaithal). After Sonepat, Banda Bahadur reached Kaithal. He received a report that some soldiers were camping at a nearby village Bhuna with the land revenue collections. Banda Bahadur, who was in need of money for his military campaigns, attacked village Bhuna. The Faujdar of Kaithal came forward to fight a battle with him but was badly defeated. Banda Bahadur acquired all the money.

3. Victory of Samana. After Bhuna, Banda Bahadur marched towards Samana. Sayyid Jalaludin, the executioner of Guru Teg Bahadur, lived there. The executioners of two young Sahibzadas, (Sahibzadas Zorawar Singh and Fateh Singh) namely, Jalad Shasal Beg and Baghal Beg were also inhabitants of Samana. Banda Bahadur attacked Samana on November 26, 1709 and punished them. The fight continued for many hours in the streets of Samana. The Sikh soldiers razed to the ground the imposing buildings of Samana and put nearly ten thousand Muslims to sword. The families of Sayyid Jalaludin, Shasal Beg and Baghal Beg were killed. Banda Bahadur acquired a large booty during the attack. He appointed Bhai Fateh Singh as the administrator of Samana.

4. Victory of Ghurram. One week after the victory of Samana, Banda Bahadur attacked Ghurram. The Pathans of Ghurram offered resistance to the Sikh army. However, they saved their lives by running away. The Sikh army looted a lot of money from Ghurram.

5. Attack on Kapuri. From Ghurram, Banda Bahadur reached Kapuri. The ruler of Kapuri, Qutbudirt was notorious for inflicting atrocities on the Hindus. Banda Bahadur defeated him and put him to death! Banda Bahadur burned down his haveli.

6. Victory of Sadhaura (Qatalgarhi). The ruler of Sadhaura, Usman Khan, was notorious for committing atrocities on the Hindus. He had killed Buddhu Shah for having supported Guru Gobind Singh Ji in the victory of Bhangani. Banda Bahadur attacked Sadhora. After defeating Usman Khan, the Sikhs ravaged Sadhora,, town. Some of the Muslims took shelter in the haveli of Buddhu Shah. The Sikh army chopped off their heads. As a result, the place came to be ’known as Quatalgarhi.

7. Victory of Mukhalispur. After Sadhora, Banda Bahadur invaded Mukhalispur and easily occupied it. He changed the name of the fort to Lohgarh. Later, Banda Bahadur made Lohgarh as his capital.

8. Victory of Chapparchirri and Sirhind: The main target of the military expedition of Banda Bahadur was Sirhind where Subedar Wazir Khan lived, who had troubled Guru Gobind Singh Ji throughout his stay in the Punjab and afterwards also. He was also responsible for the martyrdom of two young Sahibzadas. That was why Banda Bahadur wanted to take revenge upon him. When Banda Bahadur approached Sirhind, thousands of Sikhs rallied under his flag. A nephew of Sucha Nand, an employee of Sirhind administration, also joined the invading Sikh army with his one thousand soldiers. Wazir Khan also came forward with his 2000 soldiers. A fierce battle was fought at Chapparchirri (near Sirhind) on 22 May, 1710 A.D. between the two armies. However, some of the Sikhs indulged in looting only and deserted the army during the course of the battle. The nephew of Sucha Nand also ran away from the field. At such a crucial juncture, Banda Bahadur charged forward and encouraged the loyal Sikhs. Finally, he killed Wazir Khan. A large number of Mughal soldiers were slain by the Sikhs. The dead body of Wazir Khan was hanged from a tree. The nose of Sucha Nand was pierced and he was paraded in the town.

9. Attack on Saharanpur and Jalalabad: In the meantime, Banda Bahadur got report that Jalal Khan, the governor of Jalalabad, was committing atrocities on his Hindu subjects. Therefore, he invaded Jalalabad. On his way, he occupied Saharanpur also. However, Banda Bahadur returned without conquering Jalalabad because of heavy rains and he had received an urgent message from the Sikhs of Jalandhar Doab to come to their help.

10. Control over Jalandhar Doab: The continuous victories of Banda Bahadur had infused a new spirit of courage among the Sikhs of Jalandhar Doab. The Sikhs of Jalandhar Doab had risen in revolt against the Faujdar Shams Khan. Shams Khan sent a huge army against the Sikhs after declaring Jihad. Banda Bahadur arrived at the right time to assist the Sikhs in their revolt. A fierce battle took place between the Sikhs and Muslims at Rahon. The Sikhs emerged victorious. In this way, the regions of Jalandhar and Hoshiarpur came under the control of the Sikhs.

11. Control over Amritsar, Batala, Kalanaur and Pathankot: Encouraged by the victories of Bapda Bahadur, nearly 8000 Sikhs revolted against their Muslim rulers. Soon they took in their possession the region of Amritsar, Batala, Kalanaur and Pathankot.

Question 2.
Describe the battles between Bahadur Shah and Banda Bahadur.
Answer:
Banda Bahadur spread awe and fear amoag the Mughal rulers of Punjab. When the Mughal Emperor received the report about actual condition in the Punjab, he got infuriated. The emperor, therefore, directed all his attention towards Punjab. On June 27, 1710, he left Ajmer for Punjab.

The emperor also directed the Subedars of Delhi, Avadh, and Nizams and Faujdars of Muradabad and Allahabad to come along with their armies to Punjab.
1. Battle of Eminabad: Bahadur Shah, Feroze Khan Mewati and Mahabat Khan in command of a large army marched against Banda Bahadur and his Sikh army. Bhai Binod Singh and Ram Singh engaged the Mughal army in a battle on October 26, 1710 at Eminabad, a place between Banesar and Tarawari. At one time, the Sikh army pushed back Mahabat Khan. But as the number of Mughal soldiers was quite large, the Sikhs were defeated. The Sikhs were highly insulted. The dead bodies of the Sikhs were hanged on the trees on the roadsides. Bahadur Shah appointed Feroze Khan Mewati as the Faujdar of Sirhind.

2. Battle of Sadhaura: When Banda Bahadur learnt about the defeat of Sikh army, he immediately marched against the enemy. At that time, the Mughal army was camping at Sadhaura. The Mughal army was trying to seek some better place for camping. On December 4, 1710 a Mughal contingent left Sadhaura. Banda Bahadur exploited the opportunity to attack the remaining army at Sadhaura. He inflicted heavy losses on the Mughals. However, by the evening, the search party of the Mughal army returned. As a result, the Sikh army was forced to discontinue the attack and move back to the fort of Lohgarh.

3. Battle of Lohgarh: By this time, Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah himself took over the command to act against Banda Bahadur. He directed his commander Munim Khan to move towards the fort of Lohgarh with an order to gauge the actual strength of the Sikh army. Munim Khan overstepped the instructions of the Emperor and attacked Lohgarh on December 10, 1710 A.D. The other Mughal commanders were forced to join him in this expedition. The Sikhs gave them a tough fight. However, the Sikhs faced hardships because of the scarcity of the provisions. They were not fully prepared to fight a battle. In such a situation, one of the Sikhs, namely Gulab Singh wore the dress of Banda Bahadur and took over the command of the fort in place of Banda Bahadur. It helped Banda Bahadur to leave Lohgarh safely and he reached Nahan along with his Sikhs on December 11, 1710. Munim Khan stormed the fort of Lohgarh and captured it. Gulab Singh was killed. However, Bahadur Shah felt frustrated when he found that he was not able to capture Banda Bahadur. Hence, the Emperor sent his army under Hamid Khan after Banda Bahadur towards Nahan. The Emperor himself marched through Sadhaura, Badowal, Ropar, Hoshiarpur, Kalanaur, etc. and reached Lahpre.

4. The activities of Banda Bahadur in the Hilly Regions: Banda Bahadur sent a message to the Sikhs living in the hilly regions to join him. Very soon, a large number of Sikhs gathered at Kiratpur.

First of all, Banda Bahadur issued a directive ^o the old enemy of Guru Gobind Singh Ji, named Bhim Chand of Bilaspur to accept his suzerainty. When Bhim Chand refused to follow his command, Banda Bahadur attacked Bilaspur. A fierce battle took place. Bhim Chand and his 1300 soldiers were killed in the battle. It was one of the glorious victories of the Sikhs.
The rest of the hilly chiefs were terrified by the victory of Banda Bahadur. Some of them even presented gifts and recognised his suzerainty. Raja Siddha Sen of Mandi even openly announced that he was a follower of the Sikh Gurus.
From Mandi, Banda Bahadur marched towards Kullu. The ruler of Kullu, Raja Man Singh was able to trap Banda Bahadur by a trick. However, Banda Bahadur soon set himself free.
From Kullu, Banda Bahadur marched towards the kingdom of Chamba. The Raja of Chamba, Raja Udai Singh welcomed him and even married a girl from his family to Banda Bahadur. A son was born to Banda Bahadur in 1711, who was named Ajay Singh.
Battle of Baihrampur: Next, Banda Bahadur marched from the hills of Raipur and Baihrampur and came down to the plains. There, he was again attacked by Faujdar of Jammu, Baizd Khan Khaishgi. A battle was fought on June 4, 1711, near Baihrampur. Bhai Bhag Singh and Bhai Fateh Singh displayed their skills with great courage and won the battle for the Sikhs.

After the victory of Baihrampur, Banda Bahadur attacked Raipur, Kalanaur, and Batala and occupied those towns. But, he soon lost those territories. Banda Bahadur again took shelter in the mountains. But Bahadur Shah and his army failed to destroy Banda Bahadur’s power and the Sikh army.

Question 3.
Describe the battles fought by Banda Bahadur in the Ganga-Yamuna region.
Answer:
A wave of enthusiasm spread among the common people because of continuous victories won by Banda Bahadur. The people became hopeful that Banda Bahadur would free them from the tyranny of the Mughals. So many Hindus and Muslims started embracing Sikh religion. The inhabitants of Muslim villages like Unarasa were converted to Sikh religion.

The Faujdar of Jalalabad did not tolerate it. He imprisoned many Sikhs of that village. Banda Bahadur, on getting this report, set out towards Unarasa to get the Sikhs released.
1. Attack on Saharanpur: The Sikhs attacked Saharanpur after crossing the river Yamuna. The Faujdar of Saharanpur ran away to Delhi on the arrival of Sikhs. His subordinates tried to resist the attacks of the Sikhs but were badly defeated. The Sikh army occupied a major portion of Saharanpur. They changed the name of Saharanpur to Bhagnagar.

2. Battle of Bihat: After Saharanpur, Banda Bahadur marched towards Bihat. The Pirzadas of Bihat were commiting atrocities on the Hindus. They used to slaughter cows at public places. Banda Bahadur put many Pirzadas to sword. It is said that only one Pirzada escaped the sword of Banda Bahadur because at that time he was away to Bulandshahr.

3. Attack on Ambeta: After Bihat, Banda Bahadur attacked Ambeta. The Afghans (Pathans) of Ambeta were very rich. They did not oppose the Sikh army. The Sikh army acquired a lot of money from them.

4. Attack on Nanota: The Sikhs attacked Nanota on July 21,1710. The Sheikhzadas of Nanota were experts in archery. They gave a tough fight to the Sikh army. The fight spread over to the streets and market of the town. Finally, the Sikh army won the victory and three hundred Sheikhzadas were killed.

5. Attack on Unarasa: After the victory of Nanota, Banda Bahadur turned to Jalalabad and Unarasa, which were his main targets. Banda Bahadur sent the message through his representative to Jalal Khan to ask him to immediately release the imprisoned Sikhs and quietly accept the suzerainty of Banda Bahadur. Jalal Khan refused to accept the orders of Banda Bahadur. He even insulted the representative of Banda Bahadur. Banda Bahadur now stormed Unarasa. A fierce battle took place and the Sikhs won it. Jalal Khan and his nephews Jamal Khan and Pir Khan were killed.

Activity:

Question 1.
Show the places of battles fought by Bandu BaIiadurIhempofPunjab.
Answer:
PSEB 10th Class SST Solutions History Chapter 6 Banda Bahadur and the Sikh Misals 1

PSEB 10th Class Social Science Guide Banda Bahadur and the Sikh Misals Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions in one line or one word:

Question 1.
What did Madho Dass call himself after conifng under the influence of Guru Gobind Singh Ji?
Answer:
Madho Dass called himself a Dass (a humble servent) or Banda (a reliable follower of Guru Sahib).

Question 2.
Write one important victory won by the Sikhs under the leadership of Banda Bahadur.
Answer:
Victory of Sirhind.

Question 3.
Why did the Sikhs lose the battle of Gurdas Nangal?
Answer:
The Sikhs ran short of food supplies during the long siege of haveli of Bhai Duni Chand.

Question 4.
Write one important feature of the victories of Banda Bahadur.
Answer:
The victories of Banda Bahadur united the Sikhs in the bond of unity and showed them the path of independence.

Question 5.
Write any one cause of the failure of Banda Bahadur in establishing a more permanent rule of the Sikhs in Punjab.
Answer:
(1) Banda Bahadur had become unpopular among the Sikhs.

Question 6.
In which two groups (Dais) did Nawab Kapur Singh divide the Khalsa soldiers in 1734?
Answer:
In 1734, Nawab Kapur Singh divided the Sikh soldiers into two groups, Buddha Dal and Tarun Dal.

Question 7.
What is the meaning of the word Misl?
Or
How did the word Misl originate?
Answer:
The Misl is an Arabic word, which means all are equals.

Question 8.
How many Sikh Misls were there?
Answer:
There were twelve Sikh Misls in the Punjab.

Question 9.
Write the name of the founder of the Ahluwalia Misl.
Answer:
Jassa Singh Ahluwalia.

Question 10.
Which Misl was founded by Sardar Charhat Singh?
Answer:
Sukherchakia.

Question 11.
Who was the founder of Karorsinghia Misl?
Answer:
Karor Singh.

Question 12.
When and where Banda was executed by the Mughal ruler?
Answer:
In June 1716 at Delhi.

Question 13.
Who was Wazir Khan?
Answer:
Governor of Sirhind.

Question 14.
What was the name of Banda Bahadur’s son?
Answer:
Ajay Singh.

Question 15.
Who was the founder of the Phulkian Misl?
Answer:
Chaudhri Phul Singh, a Sandhu Jat.

Question 16.
Who was the most powerful ruler of the Phulkian Misl?
Answer:
Baba Ala Singh.

Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
Guru Gobind Singh Ji sent Banda Bahadur to the _________ to lead the Sikhs in their struggle against the ___________
Answer:
Punjab, Mughals

Question 2.
The third Battle of Panipat was fought in between the _________ and_________
Answer:
1761, Marathas and Ahmed Shah Abdali

Question 3.
Jasa Singh Ahluwalia was the founder of the ________ Misl.
Answer:
Ahluwalia

Question 4.
Banda Bahadur attacked Sirhind and Chapparchiri to punish the Subedar of
Answer:
Wazir Khan, Sirhind

Question 5.
The Phulkian Misl was founded by Chaudhri
Answer:
Phul Singh.

True or False:

Question 1.
Banda was defeated in his battle with Wazir Khan, Subedar of Sirhind.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
Banda was executed at Lahore.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
There were twelve Sikh Misls in the Punjab.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
The original name of Banda Bahadur was Madho Das.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
The Sukherchakya Misl was founded by Sardar Charat Singh.
Answer:
True

Question 6.
A long dark period in the Sikh history followed the martyrdom of Banda Bahadur.
Answer:
True

Match the following:

Question 1.

(A)	(B)
1. Nawab Kapoor Singh	(a) Bhangi Misi
2. Banda Bahadur	(b) Ramgarhiya Misi
	(c) Chapparchiri
	(d) Faizalpuria Misi

Answer:
1. (d)
2. (c).

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write about any four main military achievements of Banda Bahadur.
Answer:
The brief description of the main military achievements of Banda Bahadur is as follows:
1. Looting of Samana and Kapuri. Banda Bahadur made his first attack on Samana and looted it badly. Then, he stormed Kapuri. He also ravaged the town of Kapuri.

2. Attack on Sadhaura. The ruler of Sadhaura was ill-treating the Hindu inhabitants of Sadhaura. Banda Bahadur attacked Sadhaura to punish its ruler Usman Khan. He massacred the Muslims in such a large number that the place came to be known as Qatalgarhi.

3. Victory over Sirhind. The two young Sahibzadas of Guru Gobind Singh Ji were bricked alive in a wall at Sirhind. Banda Bahadur massacred the Muslims of Sirhind to avenge the heinous crime. The Subedar of Sirhind, Wazir Khan, was also killed in the battle.

4. Conquest of Jalandhar Doab. The’icontinuous victories of Banda Bahadur encouraged the Sikhs of Jalandhar Doab to rise against the Mughal subedar. They revolted against its Faujdar Shamas Khan and sought the help of Banda Bahadur. A fierce battle took place between the Sikhs and the Muslims at Rahon. The Sikhs won the battle of Rahon and occupied the region bf Jalandhar and Hoshiarpur.

Question 2.
Write a brief note on the martyrdom of Banda Bahadur.
Answer:
Banda Bahadur and his Sikh soldiers were made prisoners at Gurdas Nangal. They were taken first to Lahore and then to Delhi. Banda Bahadur was paraded in the market places of Delhi and publicly insulted. Finally on June 9, 1716, the Mughal government passed the orders for the execution of Banda Bahadur. He was badly tortured before his execution. His son was cut into pieces before his eyes. His flesh was plucked out with red-iron rods. In this manner, Banda Bahadur was martyred. About 740 of his followers were also executed at Delhi.

Question 3.
Give four reasons because of which Banda Bahadur was not able to establish a permanent Sikh kingdom.
Answer:
Banda Bahadur was not able to establish a permanent Sikh kingdom in Punjab due to the following causes:

Kingly Life Style of Banda Bahadur. Banda Bahadur had adopted the kingly life style and abandoned the ways of saints. It reduced the respect of Banda Bahadur among the Sikhs.
Merciless and Brutal Massacres. According to Lala Daulat Ram, Banda Bahadur indulged in very brutal general massacres without sparing any Hindu or Muslim while on his Punjab expeditions. He lost the support of the Sikhs and Hindus due to large scale mindless killings.
Powerful Mughal Empire. The Mughal Empire had yet not lost its vitality. Therefore, Banda Bahadur and his few thousand Sikhs could not fight against the Mughal Empire for long.
Limited Resources of Banda Bahadur. Banda Bahadur was not able to establish a permanent kingdom due to his limited resources. The Sikhs did not have enough resources to finish the power of the Mughal Empire.

Question 4.
Who was the founder of the Ahluwralia Misl? How did he expand the power of the Ahluwalia Misl?
Answer:
The founder of Ahluwalia Misl was Jassa Singh Ahluwalia.

Jassa Singh successfully opposed the oppression of Mir Mannu (the Subedar of Lahore) from 1748 to 1753.
In 1761, Jassa Singh attacked Lahore and defeated its Subedar Khwaja Obed. The Sikhs occupied Lahore.
In 1762, Ahmed Shah Abdali attacked Punjab. Jassa Singh was defeated at Kup. However, Jassa Singh re-established himself. In 1763, the Sikhs under the leadership of Jassa Singh looted Kasur and Sirhind.
In 1764, Jassa Singh invaded Delhi and looted it.

Question 5.
What was the position of Marathas on the eve of the rise of Maharaja Ranjit Singh?
Answer:
Ahmed Shah Abdali had defeated Marathas in the third battle of Panipat in 1761 and thrown them out of Punjab. However, by the end of the 18th century, they had again extended their sway in the,North India.

Daulat Rao Sindhia, the Maratha chief had established his control over Delhi. He started attacking the region of Satluj and Yamuna Doab. However, his advance was checked by the British, a new power on the political scene of India.

Question 6.
Describe the position of the East India Company on the eve of the rise of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
Answer:
Warren Hastings was the Governor-General of the British Empire under the East India Company from 1772 to 1785. He checked the Marathas from extending their sway over Punjab by involving them in military engagements. However, the succeeding Governors-General, especially Cornwallis (1786 to 1793) and John Shore (1793 to 1798) an acting Governor-General) did not try to extend the territories of the British Empire under East India Company. In 1798, Lord Wellesley became the Governor-General. He was a soldier by training. He entered into subsidiary alliances with Hyderabad, Mysore, Carnatic, Tanjore, Awadh, etc. He also fought against the Marathas. The, Marathas were therefore not able to give attention to the Punjab. In 1803, the East India Company occupied Delhi after defeating Daulat Rao Scindia and brought it under the control of the British Empire.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Write a brief note on the following Misls:
1. Phulkian,
2. Dalewalia,
3. Nishanwalia,
4. Karorsinghia, and
5. Shahid Misl.
Answer:
A brief description of the history of the above Misls is as follows:
1. Phulkian Misl:
A Sandhu Jat Chaudhari Phul Singh laid the foundation of the Phulkian Misl. The most powerful ruler of this Misl, however, was Baba Ala Singh. Baba Ala Singh had conquered the territories around Barnala in the beginning. In 1762. Ahmed Shah Abdali appointed him Nawab of Malwa region. In 1764, Baba Ala Singh defeated the Subedar of Sirhind Zain Khan. Abdali honoured Baba Ala Singh by awarding him with a kettledrum (Nagra) and Flag in 1765. Baba Ala Singh died in 1765. After the death of Baba Ala Singh, Amar Singh took over the reins of Phulkian Misl. He annexed the area of Bhatinda, Rohtak, and Hansi to the territories of his Misl. Ahmed Shah Abdali awarded him the title Raja-i-Rajanan. After the death of Amar Singh, his son Sahib Singh became the chief of the Phulkian Misl. He was a weak ruler. Finally, by a treaty in 1809, the East India Company made Phulkian Misl a protectorate of the British Empire.

2. Dalewalia Misl:
Gulab Singh established the Dalewalia Misl. He was an inhabitant of a village Dalewal which was situated on the banks of river Ravi. Thus, the Misl was called Dalewal Misl. The most popular and powerful chief of this Misl was Tara Singh Gheba. He kept an army of 7500 soldiers. He was a very wealthy chief. As long as he was alive,
Maharaja Ranjit Singh maintained friendly relations with him. The day, Tara Singh died, Maharaja Ranjit Singh annexed this Misl into his Empire. The wife of Tara Singh protested strongly against his action but was not able to achieve anything.

3. Nishanwalia Misl:
Sangat Singh and Mohar Singh founded the Nishanwalia Misl. They used to carry the banner of Khalsa (Nishan) during their eariler years. Therefore, this Misl was called Nishanwalia Misl. The territory of this Misl was Ambala and Shahabad. It was not politically much important Misl.

4. Karorsinghia Misl:
Karor Singh founded this Misl. The most popular chief of this Misl was Baghel Singh. Baghel Singh had conquered the territories of Banga, Nawanshahar, etc. The main centre of the activities of this Misl was 20 miles away from Karnal, the place where the Misl shifted its activities. Baghel Singh had an army of 12000 soldiers. After the death of Subedar Zain Khan of Sirhind, Baghel Singh had tried to extend the territories of his Misl towards the north of Satluj. Jodh Singh succeeded Baghel Singh. Jodh Singh had conquered some territory in the Malwa region and annexed it to his Misl. Finally, a major portion of the territory of this Misl became part of the Kalsia kingdom and Maharaja Ranjit Singh annexed the rest of its territory.

5. Shahid or Nihang Misl:
Sudha Singh, a Granthi of Damdama Sahib, laid the foundation of this Misl. Sudha Singh died while fighting the Muslim rulers. Hence, this Misl was called Shahid Misl. After him, the Misl was headed by Baba Deep Singh, Karam Singh, Gurbaksh Singh, etc. successively. Most of the members of this Misl were Akalis or Nihangs. Therefore, this Misl was also called Nihang Misl. About 2000 soldiers of this Misl were Nihangs. This Misl had been helping the other Misls during their times of need and crisis.

PSEB 10th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts

October 21, 2024October 20, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts

PSEB 10th Class Science Guide Acids, Bases and Salts Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
A solution turns red litmus blue, its pH is likely to be :
(a) 1
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 10.
Answer:
(d) 10.

Question 2.
A solution reacts with crushed egg-shells to give a gas that turns lime- water milky. The solution contains:
(a) NaCl
(b) HCl
(c) LiCl
(d) KC1.
Answer:
(b) HCl

Question 3.
10 mL of a solution of NaOH is found to be completely neutralised by 8 mL of a given solution of HCl. If we take 20 mL of the same solution of NaOH, the amount of HCl solution (the same solution as before) required to neutralise it will be :
(a) 4 mL
(b) 8 mL
(c) 12 mL
(d) 16 mL.
Answer:
(d) 16 mL.

Question 4.
Which one of the following types of medicines is used for treating indigestion?
(a) Antibiotic
(b) Analgesic
(c) Antacid
(d) Antiseptic.
Answer:
(c) Antacid

Question 5.
Write word equations and then balance equations for the reaction taking place when :
(a) dilute sulphuric acid reacts with zinc granules
Answer:
Zinc granules + Dilute sulphuric acid → Zinc sulphate + Hydrogen

(b) dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with magnesium ribbon
Answer:
Magnesium ribbon + Hydrochloric acid → Magnesium chloride + Hydrogen

(c) dilute sulphuric acid reacts with aluminium powder
Answer:
Aluminium powder + Dilute sulphuric acid → Aluminium sulphate + Hydrogen

(d) dilute sulphuric acid reacts with iron filings.
Answer:
Iron filings + Dilute sulphuric acid → Iron (II) sulphate + Hydrogen.
PSEB 10th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts 7

Question 6.
Compounds such as alcohols and glucose also contain hydrogen but are not categorised as acids. Describe an activity to prove it.
Answer:
Fix two nails on a cork and place it in a 100 ml beaker. Connect these nails to a 6 volt battery through a bulb and switch as shown in the figure.
PSEB 10th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts 8
Aqueous solution of alcohol or glucose does not conduct electricity

Pour some aqueous solution of alcohol or aqueous solution of glucose in the beaker so that nails dip in it. Switch on the current. The bulb does not glow indicating that alcohol and glucose don’t dissociate in aqueous solution and hence
do not produce H⁺ ions although they (aq)
contain hydrogen.

Question 7.
Why does not distilled water conduct electricity, whereas rainwater does?
Answer:

Distilled water does not conduct electricity because it contains no ions.
Rainwater contains ions due to dissolved salts, hence it conducts electric current.

Question 8.
Why do acids not show acidic behaviour in the absence of water?
Answer:
This is because in the absence of water, acids do not dissociate to give hydrogen ions > H⁺_(aq)

Question 9.
Five solutions A, B, C, D and E when tested with universal indicator showed pH as 4, 1, 11, 7 and 9 respectively. Which solution is :
(a) neutral?
(b) strongly alkaline?
(c) strongly acidic?
(d) weakly acidic?
(e) weakly alkaline?
Arrange the pH in increasing order of hydrogen-ion concentration.

Solution	pH	Nature of Solution
A	4	Weakly acidic
B	1	Strongly acidic
C	11	Strongly alkaline
D	7	Neutral
E	9	Weakly alkaline

The increasing order of hydrogen-ion concentration is :
11 < 9 < 7 < 4 < 1 (pH values).

Question 10.
Equal lengths of magnesium ribbons are taken in test tubes A and B. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added to test tube A, while acetic acid (CH₃COOH) is added to test tube B. Amount and concentration taken for both the acids are same. In which test tube will the fizzing occur more vigorously and why?
Answer:
Fizzing occurs more vigorous in test tube A as compared to in test tube B. This is because concentration of hydrogen ion, It is more in test tube A than in test tube B, as hydrochloric acid a strong acid and acetic acid (CH₃COOH) is a weak acid.

Question 11.
Fresh milk has a pH of 6. How do you think the pH will change as it turns into curd? Explain your answer.
Answer:
Its pH will decrease due to the production of lactic acid which is acidic in nature.

Question 12.
A milkman adds a very small amount of baking soda to fresh milk.
(a) Why does he shift the pH of the fresh milk from 6 to slightly alkaline?
Answer:
So that the milk is not spoiled readily and medium remains basic.

(b) Why does this milk take a long time to set as curd?
Answer:
Because the lactic acid produced during curding reacts with baking soda.

Question 13.
Plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture-proof container. Explain why?
Answer:
This is because in presence of moisture, plaster of Paris sets to give a hard mass.
PSEB 10th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts 9

Question 14.
What is a neutralisation reaction? Give two examples.
Answer:
The interaction of an acid with a base to form salt and water is called neutralisation reaction.

Examples :
PSEB 10th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts 10

Question 15.
Give two important uses of washing soda and baking soda.
Answer:
(a) Uses of washing soda :

It is used in the manufacture of glass and soap.
It is used in the manufacture of borax.

(b) Uses of baking soda :

It is used in soda-acid fire extinguisher.
It is used for making baking powder.

Science Guide for Class 10 PSEB Acids, Bases and Salts InText Questions and Answers

Question 1.
You have been provided with three test tubes. One of them contains distilled water and the other two contain an acidic solution and a basic solution, respectively. If you are given only red litmus paper, how will you identify the contents of each test tube?
Answer:
Dip red litmus paper in solution repeatedly in each tube.
(a) The tube in which the red litmus paper turns purple contains distilled water.
(b) The tube in which red litmus paper turns blue contains basic solution.
(c) The tube in which red litmus paper remains red contains acidic solution.

Question 2.
Why should curd and sour substances not be kept in brass and copper vessels?
Answer:
Curd and other sour substances contain acids which react with the metal surface of brass and copper vessels to produce toxic compounds which are unfit for consumption.

Question 3.
Which gas is usually liberated when an acid reacts with a metal? Illustrate with an example. How will you test for the presence of this gas?
Answer:
When an acid reacts with metal, generally hydrogen is produced.
e.g. Mg + 2 HCl(Dil) → MgCl₂ + H₂ ↑

Pass this gas (H₂) through soap solution. The soap bubbles filled with the gas will rise up. If a burning splinter is brought near the gas, the bubble will burn with a ‘pop’ sound.

Question 4.
Metal compound A reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce effervescence. The gas evolved extinguishes a burning candle. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction if one of the compounds formed is calcium chloride.
Answer:
PSEB 10th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts 1
CO₂ extinguishes a burning candle.

Question 5.
Why do HCl, HNO₃ etc. show acidic characters in aqueous solutions while solutions of compounds like alcohol and glucose do not show acidic character?
Answer:
HCl, HNO₃ etc undergo dissociation in water to give Hydrogen ions, H⁺_(aq) ions and show acidic characteristics. There are compounds like alcohol and glucose don’t dissociate in water to give hydrogen ions, H⁺_(aq) ions. Hence, they don’t show acidic properties.

Question 6.
Why does an aqueous solution of acid conduct electricity?
Answer:
The aqueous solution of an acid contains ions such as hydrogen ions, H⁺_(aq) and other anions. Hence it conducts electricity.

Question 7.
Why does dry HCl gas not change the colour on the dry litmus paper?
Answer:
This is because dry HCl gas is a covalent compound and it does not undergo dissociation to give hydrogen ions, H⁺_(aq) and hence no change in colour of dry litmus paper.

Question 8.
While diluting an acid, why is it recommended that the acid should be added to water and not water to the acid?
Answer:
The process of dissolving an acid or a base in water is an exothermic process. This is because if water is added to concentrated acid, the heat generated may cause the mixture to splash out and cause burns. The glass container may also break due to excessive local heating.

Question 9.
How is the concentration of hydronium ions (H₃O⁺) affected when a solution of an acid is diluted?
Answer:
The concentration of hydronium ions decreases when a solution of an acid is diluted.

Question 10.
How is the concentration of hydroxide ions [OH^–] affected when excess base is dissolved in a solution of sodium hydroxide?
Answer:
When excess of base is dissolved in a solution of sodium hydroxide, the concentration of OH ions increases.

Question 11.
You have two solutions, A and B. The pH of solution A is 6 and pH of solution B is 8. Which solution has more hydrogen ion concentration? Which of this is acidic and which one is basic?
Answer:
In solution A, [H⁺_(aq)] = 10^-6 M, pH < 7
In solution B, [H⁺_(aq)] = 10^-8 M. pH > 7

∴ Then the solution A has more hydrogen ion concentration.
Solution A is acidic.
Solution B is basic.

Question 12.
What effect does the concentration of H⁺_(aq) ions have on the nature of the solution?
Answer:

If [H⁺] < 10^-7 M, it is basic solution.
If [H⁺] >10^-7 M, it is an acidic solution.
If [H⁺] = 10^-7 M, it is a neutral aqueous solution.

Question 13.
Do basic solutions also have H⁺_(aq) ions? If yes, then why are these basic?
Answer:
Basic solutions also contain H⁺_(aq) ions. But in basic solutions :
[H⁺_(aq)] < 10^-7 M
and [OH^–] > 10^-7 M
Since [OH^–_(aq)] is more than [H⁺_(aq)], hence these are basic solutions.

Question 14.
Under what soil condition do you think a farmer would treat the soil of his Helds with quick lime (calcium oxide) or slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) or chalk (calcium carbonate)?
Answer:
If the pH of the soil is less than 7, i.e. it is acidic, the farmer will treat the soil with quick lime, slaked lime, chalk.

Question 15.
What is the common name of the compound CaOCl₂?
Answer:
Bleaching powder.

Question 16.
Name the substance which on treatment with chlorine yields bleaching powder.
Answer:
Dry slaked lime.

Question 17.
Name the sodium compound which is used for softening hard water.
Answer:
Washing soda.

Question 18.
What will happen if a solution of sodium hydrocarbonate is heated? Give the equation of the reaction involved.
Answer:
It decomposes to give sodium carbonate, water and carbon dioxide gas (which is colourless, odourless and turns lime water milky).
PSEB 10th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts 2

Question 19.
Write an equation to show the reaction between Plaster of Paris and water.
Answer:
PSEB 10th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts 3