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PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate

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Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 7 Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 7 Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate

Science Guide for Class 7 PSEB Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 75)

Question 1.
Name the instrument used to measure relative humidity.
Answer:
Wet Bulb and Dry-bulb thermometers.

Question2.
Which instrument is used to measure rainfall?
Answer:
Rain gauge.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate

Question3.
Name the source you used to collect weather reports ?
Answer:
Weather data was obtained from the North Meteorological Department’s laboratory.

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(i) …………………. of a place may change during a day.
Answer:
Temperature

(ii) The areas of Earth near North Pole and the South Pole are called ……………….. .
Answer:
Polar Region

(iii) The amount of water vapours present in air is called ……………… .
Answer:
Humidity

(iv) ……………….. is the coldest desert on earth.
Answer:
Antarctic

(v) Indian hot desert or Thar Desert spread over states of ………………… and ……………….. .
Answer:
Rajasthan and Gujarat.

2. State True or False:

(i) Reindeer is the main animal of tropical forest.
Answer:
False

(ii) Weather and climate both terms have same meaning.
Answer:
False

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate

(iii) Camel stores fat in its hump which is consumed during the days it does not get food.
Answer:
True

(iv) Whale is the largest animal.
Answer:
True.

3. Match the Columns ‘A’ with Column ‘B’:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
(i) It insulates its body and keeps the polar beer warm (a) Land breeze
(ii) This instrument is used to measure humidity in air (b) Hot and dry.
(iii) Imaginary lines on the earth parallel to the equator (c) Fat layer under the skin
(iv) Cood air that blows during day towards coastal area (d) Dry and wet bulb thermometer.
(v) The climate of Rajasthan is (e) Latitude.

Answer:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
(i) It insulates its body and keeps the polar beer warm (c) Fat layer under the skin
(ii) This instrument is used to measure humidity in air (d) Dry and wet bulb thermometer.
(iii) Imaginary lines on the earth parallel to the equator (e) Latitude.
(iv) Cood air that blows during day towards coastal area (a) Land breeze
(v) The climate of Rajasthan is (b) Hot and dry.

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Weather of a place is affected by:
(a) Wind
(b) Temperature
(c) Humidity
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these.

Question (ii)
Climate of coastal areas is:
(a) Hot to dry
(b) Moderate
(c) Cold and dry
(d) Extreme cold
Answer:
(c) Cold and dry.

Question (iii)
The coldest desert on earth is:
(a) Arabian desert
(b) Sahara desert
(c) Thar desert
(d) Ladakh
Answer:
(b) Sahara desert.

Question (iv)
Arctic region lies at:
(a) 23°
(b) 23°
(c) 0°
(d) 85° N to 90°S
Answer:
(d) 85° N to 90°S.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Name any two factors that affect the weather of a place.
Answer:
Factors affecting the weather of a place are:

  1. Sun,
  2. Wind,
  3. Water / Rain/ Moisture,
  4. Temperature,
  5. Distance from sea or ocean.

Question (ii)
Define climate.
Answer:
Climate. An average of 25 to 30 years of weather conditions in a place is called climate.

Question (iii)
What is sand dune ?
Answer:
Sand dune. When the wind blows, the sand flies from one place to another. When the wind stops blowing, the sand falls in one place and collects to form low hill structures. These are called sand dunes. They are usually found in desert areas.

Question (iv)
What is a polar region ?
Answer:
Polar Region. The region near the North Pole and the South Pole of the Earth is called the Polar Region. The north snow is centred on these poles. The in the north it is located at Arctic Ocean and in the south it is located at the Antarctic Continent. It is very cold in these areas all the time.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
How does sea breeze occur ?
Answer:
The earth heats up faster than water during the day. The air near the bottom of the earth gets warmer and lighter and rises upwards. The air above the sea compared to the air above the earth is cold and heavy. So the wind blows toward the earth. The cool breeze that blows from the ocean to the earth during the day is called sea breeze.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate 1

Question (ii)
Write three adaptations found in aquatic animals.
Answer:
Adaptations found in aquatic organisms:

  1. Streamlined body which helps in swimming.
  2. Gills, they can take oxygen in the water.
  3. The presence of fins helps in swimming.

Question (iii)
What is green house effect ?
Answer:
Green house Effect. Infrared and ultraviolet radiation are present in sunlight. The ozone layer of the atmosphere absorbs the ultraviolet radiation but the infrared radiation reaches the earth. Some of these radiations are reflected and absorbed by carbon dioxide. Because the infrared rays have heat, the absorbed radiations heat up the atmosphere. This effect of carbon dioxide is called the green house effect.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate

Question (iv)
Write two effects of climate change.
Answer:
Effects of climate change:
1. Global warming. Deforestation and combustion of fossil fuels increase the percentage of carbon dioxide in the air. Carbon dioxide gas acts like a glass house and absorbs infrared radiation from sunlight, which raises the temperature. Due to this the green house effect is increasing.

2. As a result, glaciers are melting. Glacier melting alarm for aquatic life. Melting ice raises sea levels, endangering many coastal cities.

7. Long Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
How is camel adapted to survive in hot desert ? Explain.
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate 2
The adaptation of the camel to live in the desert:
The camel’s physique and habits have made it adaptable to the hot and dry climate of the desert.
The following adjustments are found in the camel:

  1. Its feet are flat to walk on the sand.
  2. Its nose is covered with nasal membranes so that sand does not enter the nose.
  3. It drinks a lot of water when available. This water spreads to the tissues of the body, which helps the camel to stay without water for many days.
  4. It accumulates fat in its mouth. When food is not available to it, it uses this fat.
  5. Very little water immerses through the urine.
  6. Its long legs keep it high above the hot sand.

Question (ii)
Name various factors that affect the climate of a place. Explain any two of them.
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate 3
Factors affecting the climate of a place:

  1. Distance from sea level
  2. Direction of mountains
  3. Distance from the equator
  4. Height from the sea.

1. Distance from the sea level.
The climate of the places near the sea is pleasant. During the day the temperature of the earth is higher while the water of the ocean warms up relatively late. The wind blows from the bottom of the ocean towards the earth, which is called sea breeze. The earth cools faster than water at night. So the air above the oceans is hot and light and the air above is moving towards the ocean. The cold breeze that blows toward the sea at night is called the land breeze.

2. The direction or latitude of the mountains.
The shape of the earth is not completely spherical. It is slightly raised near the equator. As a result, the sun’s rays are directed closer to the equator. The latitude of the equator is 0° and it is higher towards the pole. The longitude of the North Pole is 90° N and the longitude of the South Pole is 90°S. The climate near the equator is hot and humid all year round. As the longitude increases, the climate cools down.

Question (iii)
Write various adaptations found in Polar beer.
Answer:
Adaptations in Polar bear. The following adaptations are found in polar bears:

  1. Its fur is white to camouflage with snow capped areas.
  2. Its long hairs protect it from extreme cold of cold climate.
  3. A thick layer of fat deposit under the skin helps to keep it warm.
  4. Its feet are so shaped that it can run easily on snow.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Science Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the blanks:

(i) The average weather taken over a long time in called ……………. .
Answer:
climate

(ii) A place receives very little rainfall and the temperature is high throughout the year;
the climate of that place will be …………… and …………….. .
Answer:
Hot, dry

(iii) The two regions with extreme climatic conditions are ……………… and ………….. .
Answer:
Polar, Tropical Rain forests

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate

(iv) The maximum temperature of the day occurs generally in ……………..
Answer:
Afternoon

(v) ………………. is used to measure rain.
Answer:
Rain gauge

2. Match the Column ‘A’ with Column ‘B’:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
(i) The coldest desert on earth (a) Moisture
(ii) The amount of water vapours in the air (b) Deforestation and burning of fossil fuels
(iii) Thar desert (c) Antarctica
(iv) Global warming (d) Rajasthan.

Answer:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
(i) The coldest desert on earth (c) Antarctica
(ii) The amount of water vapours in the air (a) Moisture
(iii) Thar desert (d) Rajasthan
(iv) Global warming (b) Deforestation and burning of fossil fuels.

3. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
What is the cause of change in weather?
(a) Moon
(b) Planet
(c) Satellite
(d) Sun.
Answer:
(d) Sun.

Question (ii)
Indicate the type of climate in Jammu and Kashmir.
(a) Hot and wet
(b) Hot and dry
(c) Moderately hot and moderately wet
(d) Wet.
Answer:
(c) Moderately hot and moderately wet.

Question (iii)
Indicate the type of climate in Kerala:
(a) Hot and dry
(b) Hot and wet
(c) Wet
(d) Moderately hot and moderately wet.
Answer:
(a) Hot and dry.

Question (iv)
From where do we get daily weather report ?
(a) Television
(b) Radio
(c) Newspaper
(d) All of the above.
Answer:
(d) All of the above.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate

Question (v)
When is the minimum temperature likely to occur in a day ?
(a) Evening
(b) Early morning
(c) Noon
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(b) Early morning

Question (vi)
Maximum temperature of the day occurs generally in:
(a) When the sun rises
(b) In mid noon
(e) Afternoon
(d) When the sun sets.
Answer:
(e) Afternoon.

4. State True or False:

(i) All changes in weather are due to the sun.
Answer:
True

(ii) The highest temperature of the day is in the evening.
Answer:
False

(iii) Different places have the same temperature.
Answer:
False

(iv) Polar areas are located near the Poles.
Answer:
True

(v) Penguins live in the plains.
Answer:
False

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate

(vi) Days in winter are shorter in length.
Answer:
True

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
From where do we get daily weather reports ?
Answer:
We get weather report from Television, Radio and Newspapers.

Question 2.
Which factors are responsible for weather ?
Answer:
Temperature, Humidity and Rainfall.

Question 3.
What is humidity ?
Answer:
Humidity. It is the measure of quantity of moistures present in the atmospheric air.

Question 4.
Which department is responsible for preparing weather reports ?
Answer:
Meterological Department of the Government.

Question 5.
Which instrument is used to measure rain fall ?
Answer:
Rain gauge.

Question 6.
Do maximum and minimum temperature remain constant over a week ?
Answer:
No.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate

Question 7.
Where from do we get heat and light on the earth ?
Answer:
We get heat and light from sun.

Question 8.
What happens to the energy emitted by sun ?
Answer:
It is absorbed and reflected by the earth’s surface.

Question 9.
Climate is average weather report of a place taken over a long period. How long this period is ?
Answer:
About 25 years.

Question 10.
Which type of climate is found in Kerala ?
Answer:
Hot and wet.

Question 11.
What is typical desert climate ?
Answer:
Hot and dry.

Question 12.
Which part of India is wet ?
Answer:
North-East.

Question 13.
Why is adaptation by animals necessary ?
Answer:
For survival of animals.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the elements that determine the weather of a place.
Answer:
Elements of Weather:
Temperature, Humidity, Wind-speed, Rainfall.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate

Question 2.
When are the maximum and minimum temperature likely to occur during the day?
Answer:
Maximum temperature of the day occurs generally in the afternoon while the minimum temperature occurs in the early morning.

Question 3.
What is rain gauge ?
Answer:
Rain gauge. It is an instrument used to measure rainfall. It consists of a .measuring cylinder and a funnel on the top to collect rainwater.

Question 4.
Define weather ?
Answer:
Weather. The day-to day condition of atmosphere at a place with respect to temperature, humidity, wind speed etc. is called weather.

Question 5.
The tropical rainforest has a large population of animals. Explain, why it is so ?
Answer:
Tropical rainforests have hospitable climatic conditions; so it has a large population of animals. The climate in this region is hot and humid. It lies around the equator and has minimum temperature a little higher than 15°C, length of days and night are generally equal and these places recieve a lot of rainfall. So all these conditions are preferable for a large number of population.

Question 6.
What is cold desert region ? How does polar bear adapt the condition to survive in this region.
Answer:
Those region/area where temperature may fall below-20°C and rocks are stony and have little vegetation are called cold deserts. In India cold desert lies between Ladakh region in north to Lahaul and spiti valley of Himachal Pradesh. To survive in cold desert, Yak has following adapations:

  1. Body is covered by long hair or fur.
  2. The colour of fur is generally black to absorb more and more heat.
  3. Its feet have sharp toes which help it to climb in uneven paths.
  4. A layer of fat is deposited under its skin. It helps yak to survive in extreme cold during winters.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the condition of tropical rainforests ? What type of animals are living in such rain forest ? Write down the main characteristics of these animals.
Answer:
Tropical rainforest. The area near or around the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn is called the tropical area. The climate in these areas is hot and humid. Here even in winter the temperature is 15°C and in summer the temperature reaches 40°C. The tropical region receives rainfall throughout the year. The most prominent places in the tropical region are the tropical rainforests that form canopies over the area. Elephants, tigers, leopards, snakes, birds, and insects are the animals found in the rain forest.

Main Characteristics of animals found in the rain forest:

  • Creeping, snakes, lizards, monitors can easily crawl in dense forests.
  • Strong body. A strong body is required to pass through dense forests. So Elephants, gorillas, tigers, leopards, etc. have powerful bodies.
  • Special Senses. Many tropical animals have sharp eyesight, sharp hearing and some animals have skin color similar to surroundings for camouflage.
  • Strong tail
  • Loud voice
  • Sharp eyes
  • Fruit diet
  • Long and big beaks.

Question 2.
Discuss the human activities responsible for climate change.
Answer:
Human activities responsible for climate change are as follows:

  • Population Growth. Consumption of fossil fuels is increasing due to population growth and changes in living standards.
  • Deforestation. Large-scale deforestation is done to meet the needs of the growing population such as houses, buildings, industries, roads, etc.
  • Excavation of mines. Excavation of blind mines has increased floods.
  • Global warming. Due to excessive cutting of trees and burning of fossil fuels the percentage of carbon dioxide increases.
  • This carbon dioxide gas absorbs infrared radiation from sunlight, resulting in a rise in temperature. As a result, the greenhouse effect continues to grow, and as a result, glaciers are melting.

PSEB 10th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 1 Office Tools

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Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Computer Book Solutions Chapter 1 Office Tools Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 10 Computer Science Chapter 1 Office Tools

Computer Guide for Class 10 PSEB Office Tools Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Which tool is used to maintain a budget, financial statements, and sales records?
(a) Multimedia
(b) Spreadsheet
(c) Presentation
(d) Database
Answer:
(b) Spreadsheet

Question 2.
Word automatically inserts a page break when we reach the ………… of a page.
(a) Starting
(b) End
(c) Mid of page
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) End

PSEB 10th Class Computer Science Solutions Chapter 1 Office Tools

Question 3.
As we type our document, …………. wavy lines will appear under any word that is spelled incorrectly.
(a) Blue
(b) White
(c) Red
(d) Black
Answer:
(c) Red

Question 4.
The most common types of effects include entrances and exits.
(a) Animation
(b) Sound Effect
(c) Design
(d) Transition
Answer:
(a) Animation

Question 5
…………. is the blank space around the edges of the page.
(a) Graphics
(b) Design
(c) Margin
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Margin

2. Fill in the Blanks

1. Computer software is classified into two categories ………. and ………….
Answer:
System software and Application software

2. Database software is a collection of related data. The purpose of this tool is to ………… and ………. data.
Answer:
Organize and Manage

3. We can choose either ……….. (vertical) or ………….. (horizontal) orientation for all or part of our document.
Answer:
Portrait or Landscape

4. The image file extensions supported by PowerPoint include ………… TIFF (.tiff) and Bitmap (.bmp)
Answer:
JPEG (.jpg),GIF

5. Multimedia software is tool that allows the user to create ……….. and …………. with the help of media players and real players.
Answer:
Audio and Videos.

PSEB 10th Class Computer Science Solutions Chapter 1 Office Tools

3. True or False

Question 1.
The main purpose of Spread sheet tool is to produce documents.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
Application software is software that can perform a specific task for the user
Answer:
True

Question 3.
We can drag existing tab stops left or right along the ruler to a different position.
Answer:
True.

Question 4.
Print Preview automatically displays when we click on the Print tab.
Answer:
True

4. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write extension of Word document in Ms Office 2010.
Answer:
.docx

Question 2.
Write extension of Spread Sheet in Ms Office 2010.
Answer:
.xlsx

PSEB 10th Class Computer Science Solutions Chapter 1 Office Tools

Question 3.
Write extension of Power Point Presentation Ms Office 2010.
Answer:
.pptx

Question 4.
Write the full form of bmp (Image file).
Answer:
BitMaP

Question 5.
Write the full form of PDF.
Answer:
Portable Document Format

PSEB 10th Class Computer Book Chapter 1 Office Tools

5. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define System Software?
Answer:
System software are the set of software which are used for the working of computer system and its hardware. It includes operating system, language translators etc.

Question 2.
Explain database software?
Answer:
Database is a collection of related data. The purpose of database tools is to organize and manage data. The advantage of these tools is that we can change the way data is stored and displayed. SQL Server, MS access, data Base, FoxPro, Paradox, and Oracle are some of the examples of database software tools.

Question 3.
Explain multimedia software.
Answer:
Media players and real players are the examples of multimedia tools. These tools allow the user to create audio and video files. The different forms of multimedia tools are audio converters, audio and video players, video encoders and decoders.

PSEB 10th Class Computer Science Solutions Chapter 1 Office Tools

Question 4.
What is Page Break? How to insert a page break?
Answer:
Page break is a way to tell MS word that the page has ended. These can be automatic and manual.
Inserting a Page Break:
1. Click where we want to start a new page.
2. On the Insert tab, in toe pages group, click Page Break.
We can also insert breaks into our document by going to the Insert tab, Pages group and clicking on the Page Breaks command to view a variety of page.

6. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is office tool ? Explain any five types of office tools?
Answer:
Office tools are software programs designed to make computer users more productive and efficient at our workplace. Office productivity tool is a category of application programs that help users produce things such as documents, databases, graphs, worksheets and presentations.

Types of office tools are-
1. Word Processing Tools:
The main purpose of word processing tools is to produce good looking documents. MS-Word, WordPad, Notepad and Adobe Pagemaker are some of the examples of word processing tools.

2. Database Software Tools:
Database is a collection of related data. The purpose of database tools is to organize and manage data. The advantage of these tools is that we can change the way data is stored and displayed. SQL Server, MS access, dataBase, FoxPro, Paradox, and Oracle are some of the examples of database software tools.

3. Spreadsheet Tools:
The spreadsheet tools are used to make calculations, maintain budget, financial statements, and sales records. The purpose of these tools is to work with numbers. It allows the users to perform simple as well as complex calculations on the numbers. MS-Excel, Open Office are examples of spreadsheet tools.

4. Presentation Tool:
Presentation tools are used to display the information in the form of slide shows. The main functions of presentation tools is editing that allows insertion and formatting of text, including graphics in the text and executing the slide shows. The examples for these tools are Microsoft PowerPoint, Open Office Present.

5. Multimedia Software:
Media players and real players are the examples of multimedia tools. These tools allow the user to create audio and video files. The different forms of multimedia tools are audio converters, audio and video players, video encoders and decoders.

PSEB 10th Class Computer Science Solutions Chapter 1 Office Tools

Question 2.
Write steps to create Student Annual Report using mail merge with spreadsheet?
Answer:
Student Annual Report can be created using MS Word and MS Excel using following steps:
1. Prepare the annual report format in MS word. Mention student’s detail like admission no, roll no, name, father’s name, marks of each subject, overall result and percentage of marks of student.

2. On the other side, prepare a excel worksheet, in which student’s admission no, roll no, name, father’s name, subject-wise marks obtained in subjects Punjabi, English, Maths, Science, Social Studies and grades etc. are-entered.

3. Next calculate the percentage of marks of each student using a formula.

4. Now, click on Mailing Tab, and start mail merge. Then, choose Letter option which we already prepared.

5. Next Click on Select Recipients and select Use Existing List option. Choose excel sheet from Select Table dialog box and click OK.

6. Place the cursor where you want to insert the value of field from excel sheet. Now go to Insert Merge Field option in Write & Insert Fields group. A dropdown menu will be displayed having field names.

7. Select the field names one by one after placing the cursor in proper place in the student annual report. All fields will be displayed.

8. After inserting all the clicking Preview Results next and previous button, you can preview the result of students by option.

9. Now click on Finish & Merge option and select Edit Individual Documents from the menu. A dialog box Merge to New Document will open. Choose option All and click OK to show the report card of all the students in excel worksheet.

10. Now a new Word document will open having report card of all the students. Save this document and we can also take printouts.

Question 3.
What are Tab Stops? Explain setting manual tab stops.
Answer:
Tabs are the facility which help to display the content in more structured and tabular form without using tables.
Setting up the Tab Stops:
1. Click the tab selector at the left end of the ruler it displays the type of tab that you want.
2. Click in the ruler at the top of our page, where we want to set the tab stop.
The different types of tab stops are:

  • Left Tab stop sets the start position of text that will then run to the right as we type.
  • Center Tab stop sets the position of the middle of the text. The text centers on this position as we type.
  • Right Tab stop Sets the right end of the text. As we type, the text moves to the left.
  • Decimal Tab stop aligns numbers around a decimal point. Independent of the number of digits, the decimal point will be in the same position. (We can align numbers around a decimal character only)

Bar Tab stop doesn’t position text. It inserts a vertical bar at the tab position. Desired Tab stop will be placed at the point in the present paragraph.

PSEB 10th Class Computer Science Solutions Chapter 1 Office Tools

Question 4.
Explain Print Preview and Print Command?
Answer:
Print Preview. Print Preview displays the document as it will appear when printed. When we make a change to a print-related setting, the preview is automatically updated. To print preview of the document, following steps are used:
Click the File tab, and then click Print. To go back to our document, click the File tab.
A preview of our document automatically appears. To view each page, click the arrows below the preview.
Print Command. Print command is used to print a document using some printer. Following steps are followed to print a document in
MS-Word:

  • Click the File tab.
  • Click the Print command to print a document.
  • Click the Print button to print our document.
  • This dropdown shows the currently selected printer. Clicking the dropdown will display other available printers.
  • These dropdown menu show currently selected gettings.
  • Select the printer and other setting and click on Print.

PSEB 10th Class Computer Guide Office Tools Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
What are the types in which PowerPoint files can be saved?
(a) PDF
(b) Video file
(c) Presentation
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above

Question 2.
What are the extension of an image file?
(a) .jPg
(b) .gif
(c) .bmp
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above

Question 3.
Which one is system software?
(a) Word
(b) Excel
(c) Windows
(d) PowerPoint
Answer:
(c) Windows

Question 4.
Mail merge is a feature of which software?
(a) Word
(b) Excel
(c) Windows
(d) PowerPoint
Answer:
(c) Windows

PSEB 10th Class Computer Science Solutions Chapter 1 Office Tools

Question 5.
Which one is not a type of office tools?
(a) Word Processing
(b) DBMS
(c) Multimedia Software
(d) None of these
Answer:
(d) None of these

Fill In The Blanks

1. Word processing tool prepares ………….. .
Answer:
Documents

2. Theme helps to choose ……………… in PowerPoint.
Answer:
Background

3. …………. is pre defined document structure.
Answer:
Template

4. ……………is used for calculation.
Answer:
Excel.

True Or False

Question 1.
Application software is used for specific work
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Any document can have two orientations.
Answer:
True

PSEB 10th Class Computer Science Solutions Chapter 1 Office Tools

Question 3.
Presentation can be saved as PDF.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
We cannot do calculations in Excel.
Answer:
False

Question 5.
Page margins are empty space in mid of page.
Answer:
False

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the different type of Softwares?
Answer:
System Software and Application Software.

Question 2.
Beneficial software for our work are called?
Answer:
Office tools.

Question 3.
Note pad is an example of?
Answer:
Word processing tool.

Question 4.
Give an example of spreadsheet software.
Answer:
MS Excel.

PSEB 10th Class Computer Science Solutions Chapter 1 Office Tools

Question 5.
PowerPoint is an example of?
Answer:
Presentation tool.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question l.
What are Page Margins?
Answer:
Page margins pre the blank space around the edges of the page. In general, we insert text and graphics in the printable area inside the margins. When we change a document’s page margins, we change where text and graphics appear on each page.

Question 2.
Write steps of setting predefined page margins.
Answer:

  • On the Page Layout tab, in the Page Setup group, click Margins. The margins gallery dropdown menu Will appear.
  • Click the margin type that we want to apply

Question 3.
Write steps to change Page Orientation.
Answer:

  • On the Page Layout tab, in the Page Setup group, click Orientation.
  • Click Portrait or Landscape.

Question 4.
Write steps to apply different page orientations.
Answer:
1. Select the pages or paragraphs that we want to change to portrait or landscape orientation.
2. On the Page Layout tab, in the Page Setup group, click Margins.

  • Click Custom Margins at the bottom of the dropdown menu.
  • A Page Setup dialog box will appear.
  • On the Margins tab, click Portrait or Landscape.
  • In the Apply to list, click Selected text or This point forward.

PSEB 10th Class Computer Science Solutions Chapter 1 Office Tools

Question 5.
Write steps to apply custom margins.
Answer:

  • On the Page Layout tab, in the Page Setup group, click Margins.
  • At the bottom of the margins gallery dropdown menu, click Custom Margins.
  • The Page Setup dialog box will appear.
  • Enter new values for the margins in all or some of the top, bottom, left or right text boxes.
  • Click OK.

Question 6.
Write steps to save presentation as PDF.
Answer:
Steps to save a presentation as a pdf file are:

  • Go to the backstage view under the File tab.
  • Click on Save As to open the Save As dialog.
  • Add a proper name to the file.
  • Select the file type as. .pdf from the list of supported file types and click save.
  • The .pdf file is created in the specified location.

Question 7.
Explain PPT broadcast slide show.
Answer:
PowerPoint 2010 offers users to broadcast their presentations on the internet to audience worldwide. Microsoft offers the free broadcast Slide Show service; all we need to do is share the link with our audience and they can watch the presentation from anywhere. There is no special setup or charges required to do this, all we need is a Windows Live account.

Question 8.
What is PPT Packaging Presentation?
Answer:
Certain presentations are better suited for distribution as a CD to audience. In such cases, we can create a CD packaging which can be burned into a CD and distributed. These CDs are called PPT packaging presentation.

PSEB 10th Class Computer Science Solutions Chapter 1 Office Tools

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write steps to save a presentation as a Video file.
Answer:
Saving Presentation as Video File:
PowerPoint allows presentations to be saved as files that can be posted on video sharing platform like YouTube or just played on any other-media.
Steps to save a presentation as a video file are:

  • Go to the backstage view under the File tab.
  • Click on Save As to open the Save As dialog.
  • Add a proper name to the file.
    PSEB 10th Class Computer Science Solutions Chapter 1 Office Tools 1
  • Select the file type as .wmv from the list of supported file types and click Save.
  • The video creation is not an instant process like other file types as PowerPoint needs to create the video file. We can track the progress of video creation at the bottom of our presentation window.
  • Once the creation is complete, the video file is created in the specified location.

Question 2.
What are the steps of clearing Tab stops.
Answer:
Clear Tab Stops:
We can clear tab stops in a variety of ways, the simplest is going to the ruler, click and hold on the tab stop and drag in down towards the document. The tab stop will disappear. To quickly clear multiple tab stops and start fresh:

  • Click the Home tab, click the Paragraph Dialog Box Launcher.
  • A Paragraph box will appear, click on the Tabs button at the bottom left of the dialog box.
    PSEB 10th Class Computer Science Solutions Chapter 1 Office Tools 2
  • A Tabs dialog box will appear.
  • In the list under Tab stop position, click the tab stop position that we want to clear, and then click Clear. To remove the spacing from all manual tab stops, click Clear All.
  • Click OK.

Question 3.
What are the ways to use Spell Check feature?
Answer:
Using the “Spell Check” Feature:
As we type our document, red wavy lines will appear under any word that is spelled incorrectly. The fastest way to fix spelling errors is to:

  • Put the cursor over the misspelled word and right click.
    PSEB 10th Class Computer Science Solutions Chapter 1 Office Tools 3
  • A drop down box will appear with correct spellings of the word.
  • Highlight and left click the word you want to replace the incorrect word with.

To complete a more comprehensive Spelling and Grammar check, we can use the Spelling and Grammar feature:

  • Click on the Review tab.
  • Click on the Spelling & Grammar command.
    PSEB 10th Class Computer Science Solutions Chapter 1 Office Tools 4
  • A Spelling and Grammar box will appear.
  • We can correct any Spelling or Grammar issue within the box.

Question 4.
Write steps to print a document.
Answer:
Print Command:
The Print tab is the place to go to make sure that we are printing what we want.

  • Click the File tab.
  • Click the Print command to print a document.
  • Click the Print button to print your document.
  • This dropdown shows the currently selected printer. Clicking the dropdown will display other available printers.
    PSEB 10th Class Computer Science Solutions Chapter 1 Office Tools
  • These dropdown menu show currently selected Settings. Rather than just showing us the name of a feature,, these dropdown menu show us what the status of a feature is and describes it.

PSEB 10th Class Computer Science Solutions Chapter 1 Office Tools

Question 5.
Write a note on Transition in PowerPoint.
Answer:
Transitions in MS – Power Point:
PowerPoint supports slide transition feature which allows us to specify how the slides should transition during the slide show.
PowerPoint presentation that had special effects between each slide, are slide transitions. A transition can be as simple as fading to the next slide or as complex as a flashy effect. This means we can choose transitions to fit the style of any presentation. There are three categories of unique transitions to choose from, all of which can be found on the Transitions tab:

1. Subtle (slight transitions)
2. Exciting (Strong Transition)
3. Dynamic Content (strong transitions that affect only the content, such as text or images)
PSEB 10th Class Computer Science Solutions Chapter 1 Office Tools 5
The steps to add and preview slide transitions are:
1. Select the slide to which we want to apply the transition.
2. Go to the Transition Scheme under the Transitions ribbon.
PSEB 10th Class Computer Science Solutions Chapter 1 Office Tools 6
3. Select one of the transition schemes from the list available. PowerPoint will instantly show us a preview of the scheme. If we are not satisfied, we can pick an alternate scheme. The last selected scheme will apply to the slide.

4. We can change the effects on the selected transition scheme from the Effect Options menu. Every scheme has a unique set of effect options.
PSEB 10th Class Computer Science Solutions Chapter 1 Office Tools 7
We can also modify the transition timing settings from-the Timing section. To preview the slide transition, click on Preview.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 6 BeeKeeping

by

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Book Solutions Chapter 6 BeeKeeping Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 Agriculture Chapter 6 BeeKeeping

Agriculture Guide for Class 8 PSEB BeeKeeping Textbook Questions and Answers

(A) Answer in one to two words:

Question 1.
Name two hive-bee species.
Answer:
Indian bees, Italian bees.

Question 2.
How many legs a honey bee has?
Answer:
Three pairs.

Question 3.
Name two wild species of honey bees.
Answer:
Rock bee, little bee.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 6 BeeKeeping

Question 4.
Which is the most suitable period to start beekeeping in Punjab?
Answer:
February-March and November.

Question 5.
How many days a drone bee takes to complete its life cycle?
Answer:
24 days.

Question 6.
Do you have to pay fee for getting beekeeping training?
Answer:
No.

Question 7.
How many bee frames should be used to start a new colony for higher profit?
Answer:
Eight bee frames.

Question 8.
What material is used by honey bees to seal ripe honey?
Answer:
Bees wax.

Question 9.
After how much period, queen bee in a colony should be replaced?
Answer:
After every year.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 6 BeeKeeping

Question 10.
Are the worker bees male or female?
Answer:
Female.

(B) Answer in one to two sentences:

Question 1.
Where do rock bees construct their comb?
Answer:
Rock bees construct their comb on projections of water tanks, buildings, rocks, tree branches, etc.

Question 2.
How will you differentiate new and old queen bee?
Answer:
New queen has long firm abdomen and is golden brown in colour. Old queen has dark brown or black adbomen and is sluggish in movement.

Question 3.
From where training on beekeeping may be obtained?
Answer:
Training on beekeeping may be obtained from PAU, Ludhiana, Krishi Vigyan Kendras or Department of agriculture.

Question 4.
How will you shift honey bee colonies to shady place during summer season?
Answer:
To protect bees from heat in summer, colonies should be shifted to the thick shade by 2-3 feet daily. Ventilation should be proper for the hives. There should be a sources of water near the apiary.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 6 BeeKeeping

Question 5.
What should be hive to hive and row to row distance of colonies in an apiary?
Answer:
Hive to hive distance should be 6-8 feet and row to row distance should be 10 feet.

Question 6.
What hive products other than honey can be obtained from honey bee colonies?
Answer:
Hive products obtained from colonies other than honey are bees wax, propolis bee venom, royal jelly etc.

Question 7.
Why should not unripe honey be extracted?
Answer:
We should not extract unripe honey because its shelf life is low.

Question 8.
How can honey be filtered?
Answer:
After extracting honey we should remove wax and floating impurities from the extracted-honey for this use double layer muslin cloth for filtering the honey.

Question 9.
What are the equipment’s required for starting beekeeping?
Answer:
Equipment’s required for starting beekeeping are-hive tool, bee veil, smoker and comb foundation etc.

Question 10.
Write a note on honey marketing.
Answer:
There are traders and exporters who procure honey. Several self help groups (SHG) are also involved in the marketing of honey. Bottling of honey in attractive bottles having proper information labels fixed on them add to the profit from honey trading.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 6 BeeKeeping

(C) Answer in five to six sentences: 

Question 1.
What care should be taken while purchasing honey bee colonies?
Answer:

  • Start beekeeping at suitable time, in Punjab suitable time for starting bee keeping is February to March and November.
  • For higher productivity starts new colony with eight bee frames.
  • Purchase new colony which have mated new queen, open and sealed brood, pollen and brood but have minimum number of drone brood and drone bees.
  • Shift colonies during late night or early morning with closed gates of the hives.

Question 2.
Explain the process of honey extraction.
Answer:
Honey is ready for extraction, it is indicated from the holes in the frame if 75% of holes are sealed, we can extract honey. Honey should not be extracted unripe, because its shelf life is low and it becomes sour in short duration. Remove bees from the frames by shaking and with the help of bees brush. We can use machines for extracting honey or it can be done manually. Remove wax layer from honey combs by using uncapping knife. After extraction, empty combs should be returned to the colonies. Remove the impurities and filter the honey using double muslin cloth.

Question 3.
How can bees wax be extracted?
Answer:
While extracting honey, wax layer is removed from the comb using uncapping knife. Put this wax, very old, broken or damaged combs or wild bee combs in hot water and filter it using thick cloth. Discard the impurities which remained on the top of the cloth. Allow the molten wax in hot water to settle for a night. Wax floats on the water surface as a harden block. This can be collected easily.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 6 BeeKeeping

Question 4.
What are the. subsidy facilities being provided by the Government in Punjab?
Answer:
For encouraging the beekeeping occupation, government is providing subsidy on bee hive and honey bee colonies through National Horticulture Mission. Government also provides subsidy on honey extracting machine, uncapping knife, drip tray, food grade plastic container for honey.

Question 5.
Explain importance of beekeeping.
Answer:
Beekeeping is an important and beneficial agricultural based subsidiary occupation. One can earn good income from this occupation. This can be adopted by women, farmers, students etc. as subsidiary occupation. Italian Honey bees can yield 20 kg of honey per colony per year under stationary beekeeping and 60 kg honey per colony per year can be obtained under migratory beekeeping conditions. Other than honey, we can get bee wax, propolis, pollen, bee venom and royal jelly. These are also source of income, one can earn by selling queen bees and colonies etc. Honey bees also help in increasing the crop yield by pollination of field, crops, fruit and vegetable crops.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 6 BeeKeeping

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Guide BeeKeeping Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
Which species of the bee was reared earlier, in India?
Answer:
Only Indian bees.

Question 2.
Which states were involved in beekeeping in earlier times?
Answer:
Hilly and southern areas.

Question 3.
How much honey can be obtained per colony per year from Italian bees under stationary conditions?
Answer:
20 kg.

Question 4.
How much honey can be obtained per colony per year from Italian bees under migratory conditions?
Answer:
60 kg.

Question 5.
How many body parts are there in bee body?
Answer:
Three parts-head, thorax, abdomen.

Question 6.
Which are male bees? Do they sting?
Answer:
Drone bee, No they do not have sting.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 6 BeeKeeping

Question 7.
Does queen bee has sting?
Answer:
Yes, it has.

Question 8.
When does a queen bee use its sting?
Answer:
Against rival queen bee.

Question 9.
Which state is leader in honey production?
Answer:
Punjab.

Question 10.
How many worker bees can be there in a colony of bees?
Answer:
8000 to 80,000 and sometimes more.

Question 11.
Which species of bee is more aggressive?
Answer:
Rock bee.

Question 12.
What is the size of Indian bee?
Answer:
Medium size.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 6 BeeKeeping

Question 13.
Which bees are produced from unfertilized eggs?
Answer:
Male bees.

Question 14.
What can be the maximum age of worker bees?
Answer:
One to one and half month i.e. six weeks.

Question 15.
Which season is suitable for starting beekeeping?
Answer:
Spring (February to April).

Question 16.
Name species of bees found in India.
Answer:
Little bee, rock bees, Indian bee, Italian bee.

Question 17.
What is common name of Apis Florea?
Answer:
Little bee.

Question 18.
What is common name of Apis Mellifera?
Answer:
Italian bee.

Question 19.
Which bee species is reared in Punjab?
Answer:
Italian bee.

Question 20.
What is life period for a queen bee?
Answer:
2-4 years.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 6 BeeKeeping

Question 21.
What is the function of drones in the colony?
Answer:
They mate with queen bee.

Question 22.
Which bees are produced from fertilized eggs?
Answer:
Worker bees.

Question 23.
In which direction should bee hives face?
Answer:
Facing the sun.

Question 24.
What is the position of Punjab in the production of honey?
Answer:
It is a leading state.

Question 25.
How do bees help us?
Answer:
They help by pollinating crops in the fields, flowers, vegetables etc. and help in increasing the yield.

Question 26.
Name the wild species of bee.
Answer:
Rock bee and Little bee.

Question 27.
Where does the rock bee construct its comb?
Answer:
Projection of water tanks, buildings, rocks and thick branches of trees.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 6 BeeKeeping

Question 28.
Where does the little bee construct its comb?
Answer:
In bushes, stacked sticks or thin twigs of trees.

Question 29.
Which species of the bees are reared?
Answer:
Indian and Italian bees.

Question 30.
How many castes of Honey bees are there in a colony?
Answer:
Three-queen, worker, drones.

Question 31.
Describe queen bee.
Answer:
It is long, light brown and shining.

Question 32.
What is difference between abdomen of worker and drone bee?
Answer:
Worker bees have conical abdomen and drones have roundish and hairy adbomen.

Question 33.
Write name of crops which are used by bees for getting nectar and pollen?
Answer:
Sheesham, khair, litchi, ber, cucurbits, peach etc.

Question 34.
Which is the second best season for bee keeping?
Answer:
October-November (Autumn Season).

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 6 BeeKeeping

Question 35.
In which season bee activities are slow?
Answer:
Winter season (December to January).

Question 36.
Why should there be water source near the bee live?
Answer:
Bees use water to cool their comb.

Question 37.
What should be distance between boxes?
Answer:
10 feet.

Question 38.
What is Propolis?
Answer:
It is honey gum.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 6 BeeKeeping

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you know about queen bee?
Answer:
Queen plays the role of laying eggs and maintains the colony. It can lay 1500 to 2000 eggs in a day. It can live for many years but its capacity to lay eggs starts reducing after one year. It have long firm abdomen, light brown in colour, wings of queen bee does not cover its abdoment completely.

Question 2.
How is Italian bee better than other species of bees?
Answer:
Quantity of honey obtained from Italian bee is more than the quantity of honey obtained from other species and it is not aggressive.

Question 3.
What arrangement should be done at bee farm for sunlight and shade?
Answer:
There should be arrangement of sunlight in winter and of shade in summer, plant autumn trees near it.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 6 BeeKeeping

Question 4.
What are the four stages of honey bee?
Answer:
Egg, larva, pupa, adult.

Question 5.
Write a note on life span of queen and its replacement?
Answer:
Queen honey bee has a life span of 2-4 years. Queen bee is replaced every year with new queen bee.

Question 6.
Write note on life span of worker bee.
Answer:
Worker bee has life span of one to one and half month, but in winter it can live for six months.

Question 7.
Write a note on the body structure male bees?
Answer:
Drones (male bees) are black and big in size than worker bees. They have large compound eyes which unite at top of their head. Tip of abdomen is round and hairy.

Question 8.
Which equipment is required for starting bee keeping?
Answer:
Hive, gloves, hive tool, bee veil, smoker, comb foundation, honey extractor, queen cage, uncapping knife, bee brush, containers etc.

Question 9.
What is the importance of honey in human diet?
Answer:
Honey is a good food. One should take 50 gram honey daily. It contains carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins. It contains many antibiotics. It can be used in case of cough. It is also beneficial for eyes and brain.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 6 BeeKeeping

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How many species of honey are there? Write about their size and nature.
Answer:
There are four species of honey bees. Little bee, rock bee, Indian bee. Italian bee. Rock bee is larger of all and is very aggressive. Little bee is smallest among them. Rock bee and little bee are wild species. Indian bees and Italian bees can be reared and medium sized. Italian bee is calm in nature.

Question 2.
What do you know about life cycle of honey bee and write about management of colony?
Answer:
Honey bee has four stages in life cycle-egg, larva, pupa, adult. Life cycle of queen bee completes in 16 days, worker bee and drone bee complete their life cycle in 21 days and in 24 days respectively.
PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 6 BeeKeeping 1
There are three castes of honey bees. Queen, worker, and drone (male) bees. There is one queen in a colony. There are thousands of worker bees and drones are a few hundred in number. Worker bees construct the comb, collect pollen and nectar, and can sacrifice their life for the betterment of their hive.

Question 3.
How many worker bees are there is a colony? What are the tasks they do?
Answer:
There can be 8000-80,000 worker bees in a colony depending upon in size. These do not lay eggs but perform all other duties. They keep the hive clean, take care of the brood, make a hive, collect nectar and pollen and fill in the comb, take care of the live, temperature regulation and guard the live, feeding young ones and queen.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 5 Mushroom Cultivation

by

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Book Solutions Chapter 5 Mushroom Cultivation Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 Agriculture Chapter 5 Mushroom Cultivation

Agriculture Guide for Class 8 PSEB Mushroom Cultivation Textbook Questions and Answers

(A) Answer in one to two words:

Question 1.
Name two important commercially grown mushrooms.
Answer:
Button mushroom, Paddy straw mushroom, shiitake mushroom.

Question 2.
Name the health benefits of mushrooms.
Answer:
Mushrooms are rich in proteins, minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium etc. These are also suitable for patients having Sugar and blood pressure.

Question 3.
How many crops of button mushroom can be obtained in the winter season in Punjab?
Answer:
Two crops can be obtained from September to March.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 5 Mushroom Cultivation

Question 4.
What is the maximum height of the compost stack during compost preparation for button mushroom?
Answer:
Five feet.

Question 5.
What is the ratio of farm yard manure and sandy soil for preparation of casing soil?
Answer:
FYM and garden soil should be in the ratio of 4:1.

Question 6.
Which insecticide is used for control of insect pests of mushrooms?
Answer:
Nuvan (Dichlorovos).

Question 7.
What is the gap period between spray of insecticide for control of flies and next harvest of mushrooms?
Answer:
48 hours.

Question 8.
What is the amount of spawn required for 3 quintals of straw?
Answer:
300 grams.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 5 Mushroom Cultivation

Question 9.
What is the total mushroom production in Punjab presently?
Answer:
Nearly 45000-48000 tones per annum.

Question 10.
How many turnings are given during preparation of compost?
Answer:
Seven turning.

Question 11.
What is the pH of good quality ready compost?
Answer:
7.0 to 8.0 pH.

(B) Answer in one to two sentences:

Question 1.
What are the important nutritional attributes of mushrooms?
Answer:
Calcium, phosphorus, iron, potash, minerals and vitamin C etc. are present in mushrooms in ample quantity.

Question 2.
What are the requirements for growing mushrooms?
Answer:
Fresh paddy straw (not older than one year), bamboo sticks and mushroom seed (spawn), Kisan Khad, urea, murate of potash, gypsum,
gamma, B.C. 20E, Furadan, Molasses etc. are required.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 5 Mushroom Cultivation

Question 3.
Why is it important to turn the compost stack during compost preparation?
Answer:
By turning the compost stack the original outer portion goes inside and central portion becomes the outer part. This helps in increase in microbial activity.

Question 4.
How is the compost prepared for mushroom growing treated?
Answer:
Before sowing the mushroom seeds, prepared compost is treated with Bavistin 50% soluble 20 mg per litre. 20 gram dust of Bavistin is required for one quintal compost which is enough for four boxes.

Question 5.
What is the significance of casing? How is casing soil prepared?
Answer:
Casing provides proper environment for growth of mushrooms. Casing mixture is obtained by mixing FYM and garden soil in the ratio 4: 1 or spent compost and FYM in the ratio of 1:1.

Question 6.
What are the recommended varieties of mushrooms for cultivation in Punjab and give their technical names?
Answer:
According to environment of Punjab, there are five varieties of mushrooms-Button mushrooms, shiitake mushroom, Chinese mushrooms, Milky, oyster mushrooms.
PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 5 Mushroom Cultivation 1
Question 7.
Give the turning schedule for preparation of compost and the details of what all is required for compost production.
Answer:
Turning schedule for preparation of compost:

Turning After how many days turning is done after preparing the stack Things to add
First 4 Molasses
Second 8 –
Third 12 gypsum
Fourth 15 –
Fifth 18 Furadan
Sixth 21 –
Seventh 24 Lindane.

Thus seven turnings are done. Initial three turning after even’ four days and the remaining turnings after every three days.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 5 Mushroom Cultivation

Question 8.
How is casing soil mixture disinfected before use?
Answer:
Disinfecting soil:
Wet the mix of compost and garden soil. Spray 4-5% of Formalin on it. In addition 20 g Furadan per quintal of casing soil is also added. Treated soil is covered with tarpaulin sheet or Polythene sheets for at least 48 hours. Then it is opened and turned again and again, so that formalin evaporates completely from it.

Question 9.
What are the quality attributed of well prepared compost?
Answer:
Attributes of well prepared compost are its colour, smell and moisture content. When colour of compost is dark brown and there is no smell of ammonia and moisture is 65-72% then the compost is ready for spawning and pH value should be 7.0 to 8.0.

Question 10.
What is the production of mushrooms from one square meter bed area?
Answer:
Production of mushrooms from one square metre bed area is 8-12 kg. mushrooms.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 5 Mushroom Cultivation

(C) Answer in five to six sentences:

Question 1.
What is the importance of mushrooms in our diet?
Answer:
Mushrooms are used as food in whole of the world. It contains many nutrients and thus help in keeping the body fit. Mushrooms contain protein in large quantity, which is easily digestible. Mushrooms also contain potassium, calcium, iron, phosphorus, minerals and vitamin C in large amount. Carbohydrates and fats are present in small amounts. Therefore, mushrooms are beneficial for blood pressure and sugar patients.

Question 2.
Give the procedure for preparation of stack for composting in button mushroom?
Answer:
Spread wheat straw on “pucca” floor and wet it with clean water. Keep this straw as such for 48 hours. Mix bran and fertilizers separately and wet it with water. After 24 hours bran fertilizer mixture is broadcasted on the wetted wheat straw. Prepare stacks of the size 5 feet high, 5 feet broad and 5 feet long on the wooden boards. Height and breadth of the stack should not be more than 5 feet each.

Question 3.
What do you know about the marketing of mushrooms?
Answer:
Do not cut or pull the Mushrooms rather pick them by gentle twisting of the buttons. The mature unopened mushrooms are harvested once a day. This way no harm is done to the small button mushroom. After picking, clean off the straw pieces sticking to the mushrooms. Pack them in perforated polythene bags in 200 g lots. These packed mushrooms are sent for marketing. Mushrooms can be dried in sun or in shade and can be used in off season marketing.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 5 Mushroom Cultivation

Question 4.
What is mushroom spawn? How is spawning done in trays for button mushroom?
Answer:
See next questions.

Question 5.
What are the different steps in button mushroom production and briefly discuss each one?
Answer:
Steps in button mushroom production-
1. Ingredient, for compost preparing:
Wheat straw 300 kg., wheat bran 15kg, CAN 9 kg; urea, super phosphate and murate of potash 3 kg each of the three; gypsum 30 kg, gamma BHC (20% E.C.) 60 ml, molasses 5 kg, Furadan (3G) 150 gram.

2. Stack preparation:
Spread the wheat straw on a pucca floor and wet properly with water, leave it open for at least 48 hours. Mix wheat bran/husk powder with fertilizers (separately) mentioned in step 1 and moisten with water. Broadcast wheat bran mixture on the wet wheat straw after 24 hours. Mix using pitchforks. Prepare a stack of 5 x 5 x 5 foot high with the help of 3 wooden boards. Stack should not be higher than 5 feet.

3. Turning the compost stack:
Layer of stack is removed from top and all sides, it is thoroughly mixed and wetted. This way the inner part of the stack forms outer part of the new stack and outer part of the original stack goes inside the new stack. Repeat the same process when needed. Turning is necessary to increase the microbial activity which helps in decomposition. Turn the stack every fourth day and add to it. molasses, gypsum, furadan, lindane dust respectively at first, third, fifth, sixth and seventh turning.

The compost prepared from 300 kg wheat straw is used to fill 20-25 crates of the size 100 x 150 x 18 cm. When color of compost is dark brown and there is no smell of ammonia and moisture content is 65-72% then the compost is ready for spawning and pH should be 7.0 to 8.0.

4. Disinfecting the compost:
Before spawning, prepared compost is mixed with Bavistin 50% soluble 20 mg per litre. 20 gram Bavistin dust is required for one quintal compost which can be filled in four crates or boxes.

5. Filling crates and spawning:
Dismantle the compost stack and let it attain the room temperature. Take out spawn from the bottles and by using two layer growing method, broad cast spawn on the compost and fill in the boxes. Cover it with thick layer of compost. Broadcast the remaining part of spawn on this layer. Cover the boxes with wet newspaper or other papers.

6. Covering crates with soil:
Crates covered with 80-100% mycelium are covered uniformly with FYM and garden soil in the ratio 4:1 or covered with well rotten rice bran- and gobar gas slurry in the ratio 1:1. Before covering, treat it with 4-5% formalin.

7. Disinfecting soil:
Wet the mix of compost and garden soil. Spray 4-5% of Formalin on it..In addition 20g Furadan per quintal of casing soil is also added. Treated soil is covered with tarpaulin sheet or polythene sheets for at least 48 hours. Then it is opened and turned again and again so that formalin evaporates completely from it.

8. Covering of trays:
After 2-3 weeks of spawning remove the news paper and cover the compost covered with mycelium with a l’to 15 inch thick layer of disinfected soil.

9. Arranging containers:
Trays can be stacked and the area under cultivation can be increased. The trays are arranged one above the other in lines and the lines are 2 to 2.5 feet apart up and below. This way adequate working area is available and no harm is done to small pinheads of mushroom. After picking, the lower most part of the stalk of the mushroom is cut off with the help of a knife and clean mushrooms are collected.

10. Packing: Fresh Mushrooms are packed in perforated polythene bags in a lot of 200 grams.

11. Yield: 12 kg Mushrooms are available in one square metre area in one season.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 5 Mushroom Cultivation

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Guide Mushroom Cultivation Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How many trays are covered with Mycelium in 2-3 weeks?
Answer:
80-100 percent.

Question 2.
How many grams of Mushrooms are filled in poly bags for marketing?
Answer:
200 grams.

Question 3.
What is name of Mushroom seed?
Answer:
Spawn.

Question 4.
Which nutrients are found in less quantity in Mushrooms?
Answer:
Carbohydrates and fats.

Question 5.
Which variety of Mushroom is grown in summer and how many crops can be obtained?
Answer:
It is paddy straw mushroom. We can obtain four crops from this.

Question 6.
For how many boxes the compost prepared from 300 kg of wheat straw is enough?
Answer:
20-25 boxes of. the size 100 x 150 x 18 cm.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 5 Mushroom Cultivation

Question 7.
How will you identify the prepared compost?
Answer:
When color of the compost becomes dark brown and there is no ammonical smell, compost is ready.

Question 8.
Name any disease, which can be cured by taking mushrooms.
Answer:
Blood pressure.

Question 9.
How many crops of mushrooms are obtained in winter?
Answer:
White button mushrooms give two crops in winter.

Question 10.
When the winter mushrooms sown?
Answer:
From October to April.

Question 11.
Which materials are required for Mushroom compost?
Answer:
Molasses, Gypsum, furadan, gamma B.H.C. etc. are required.

Question 12.
How much seed is required for one square metre?
Answer:
300 gram seed is required for one square metre.

Question 13.
What is the yield of Mushrooms obtained from one square metre?
Answer:
In one season 8-12 kg of fresh Mushrooms can be obtained from one metre square.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 5 Mushroom Cultivation

Question 14.
How many crops are taken from summer season Mushroom?
Answer:
From milky mushroom three crops can be taken.

Question 15.
How many mushroom growers are there in Punjab?
Answer:
400.

Question 16.
What is the time when we can take crop of button mushroom?
Answer:
September to March two crops.

Question 17.
What is the time when we can take crop of oyster.
Answer:
October to March, one crop.

Question 18.
What is time of taking shiitake Mushroom?
Answer:
One crop September to March.

Question 19.
Which variety of Mushroom is cultivated more in Punjab?
Answer:
Button mushroom.

Question 20.
From where can we get seed of mushroom?
Answer:
Punjab Agricultural University, Department of Micro Biology.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 5 Mushroom Cultivation

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How is spawning done in boxes or crates?
Answer:
Dismantle the compost pile and let it attain the room temperature. Take out spawn from the bottles and by using two layer growing method, broad cast spawn on the compost and fill in the boxes. Cover it with thick layer of compost. Broadcast the remaining part of spawn on this layer. Cover the boxes with wet newspaper or other papers.

Question 2.
How will you fill the bags for cultivation of Dhingri (Oyster Mushroom)?
Answer:
Polythene bags are filled up-to 3 level with wheat straw and bits of spawn are broadcast on it. Fill the bag again up-to 2 level with wheat straw and broadcast spawn. Fill the bag with alternate layers of straw and spawn to its full capacity. The upper end of the bag is tied with gunny thread and bottom comers of the bag are given cut to drain off the excess of water. Place these bags in a room with proper facility of light. After 3¬4 weeks of spawning small mushroom primordia appear and at this stage bags are cut open. Water the straw only to keep them moist.

Question 3.
What should be taken care of while picking mushrooms (harvesting)?
Answer:
Do not cut or pull the Mushroom they are picked by gentle twisting of the buttons. The mature unopened mushrooms and harvested once a day.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 5 Mushroom Cultivation

Question 4.
Which insect is harmful for Mushrooms? How can we control it?
Answer:
Mushroom flies are harmful for Mushrooms, When these are seen in the beds, on the window panes, walls or ceiling then spray 30 millilitre Nuvan 100 EC (WP) per 100 cubic metre. After spray close the doors and windows for at least 2 hours and do not pick the mushrooms for at least 48 hours. Do not spray directly on the beds.

Question 5.
What is done to increase the crop area?
Answer:
Boxes are placed on each other to increase the crop area and the Distance between boxes placed in sines is 2 to 2.5 feet and the distance between trays placed over each other is one foot.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
How are paddy straw mushrooms cultivated?
Answer:
1. Material required: Fresh paddy straw (not older than one year) bamboo stick, spawn.

2. Method or procedure:
Make bundles weighing 1-1.5 kg from dry paddy straw. Tie both ends and cut the protruded ends on both sides to make them equal-sized. Soak these bundles in clean water for 16 to 20 hours. Place these bundles on a sloping surface to drain the excess water. Place five bundles on two bamboo sticks which are kept one foot apart. Spawn is broadcasted on these bundles. This way a bed of 22 bundles per square metre is prepared. To get more area under the cultivation, beds are laid on one another. For one bed 300 grams of seed is required.

3. Seed Broadcast (Spawning): 300 grams of seed is required for a bed. Keep uniformity for each layer.

4. Watering: Water after 2-3 days of spawning. Ventilation is not required initially but later on proper ventilation is required.

5. Crop appearance:
After 7-9 days of spawning small plant heads start appearing. Fruit bodies of mushrooms become worth harvesting on the tenth day. Mushroom continues to appear for 15-20 days in 4 flushes. One crop of this mushroom is over in one month. This way four crops from April to August can be obtained.

6. Packing: Mushrooms are packed in perforated polythene bags in a lot of 200 grams.

7. Yield and cost: 22 kg of dry paddy straw can give a yield of 2.5 to 3 kg of fresh mushrooms.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 4 Solar Energy

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Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Book Solutions Chapter 4 Solar Energy Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 Agriculture Chapter 4 Solar Energy

Agriculture Guide for Class 8 PSEB Solar Energy Textbook Questions and Answers

(A) Answer In one to two words:

Question 1.
What is the major benefit of solar water heater?
Answer:
It is used to heat water for temperatures less than 100°C.

Question 2.
Give two examples of renewable sources of energy.
Answer:
Solar energy, Bio-gas.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 4 Solar Energy

Question 3.
Give two examples of non-renewable sources of energy.
Answer:
Coal, Petroleum products etc.

Question 4.
How many types of solar dryers are?
Answer:
There are two types of solar dryer on the basis of their use domestic solar dryer and multi product solar dryer.

Question 5.
Name any two vegetables which are dried in the solar dryer.
Answer:
Spinach, Fenugreek, Chilli etc.

Question 6.
What is the capacity of multiple solar dryer for drying agricultural product?
Answer:
20 to 30 kg agricultural product.

Question 7.
What is the major benefit of solar cooker?
Answer:
It is used to cook food.

Question 8.
What percentage of conventional fuel can be saved by the use of solar cooker?
Answer:
It saves 20% to 50% conventional fuel.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 4 Solar Energy

Question 9.
For how many hours solar lantern can be used?
Answer:
For 3-4 hours.

Question 10.
How many types of solar cooker are there?
Answer:
These are of two types storage cum collector solar water heater and thermosiphon solar water heater.

(B) Answer in one to two sentences:

Question 1.
What are the types of energy sources? Give examples.
Answer:
There are two types of energy sources:

  • Renewable
  • Non-renewable.
  • Renewable energy sources: Biogas, solar energy, chemical energy etc. These sources are plenty and less costly.
  • Non-renewable energy sources: Electricity, coal, petrol etc. These are limited in nature.

Question 2.
Name the products which are dried with solar dryer.
Answer:
Spinach, tomato, fenugreek, mustard leaves, potato, turmeric, chilli, plums, peach, grapes etc.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 4 Solar Energy

Question 3.
What is meant by solar cooker?
Answer:
It is a device used to cook food using solar energy. It can save 20% to 50% of non-renewable fuel.

Question 4.
Briefly discuss solar street light.
Answer:
This light is used after the sun sets to light the street, roads etc. A battery is charged using solar energy which is used to give power to these solar lights. These are automatic lights which are operated automatically when sun sets.
PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 4 Solar Energy 1

Question 5.
What are the points kept in mind when the cooking is done in solar cooker?
Answer:

  • Pre heat the solar cooker by setting up it in the sun.
  • Add just sufficient water to the container having food ingredients to be cooked in the solar cooker.
  • Vegetables, eggs etc. do not need water for cooking in solar cooker. Cut potatoes and vegetables into small pieces before placing these into the solar cooker for cooking.
  • The container containing ingredients and water should not be filled more than half of its level.

Question 6.
Briefly discuss the solar home lighting system.
Answer:
In this system sunlight is used to charge the inverter battery system. It can be used to light 2 tube lights and two fans up to 5 to 6 hours in case of power cuts.
PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 4 Solar Energy 2

Question 7.
What is solar water pump?
Answer:
This pump is used to lift water from a level of 35 to 40 feet. It consists of a motor which runs by electricity produced by solar panels.
PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 4 Solar Energy 3

Question 8.
Briefly discuss solar lantern.
Answer:
This is an emergency light system. It is charged in the sun light and it can be used for 3-4 hours for lighting.
PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 4 Solar Energy 4

Question 9.
Briefly explain the working of domestic solar dryer.
Answer:
It is a small-sized solar dryer. It can be used to dry 2 to 3 kg fresh products in 2 to 3 days. Products which are dried in this dryer are normally used in powder form in the kitchen e.g. red chillies, onion, garlic, mango powder, ginger, spinach leaves etc.
PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 4 Solar Energy 5

Question 10.
Briefly discuss the multi-product solar drier.
Answer:
Agricultural products should be dried at low air temperature than the maximum allowed temperature. High temperature may destroy the quality of the food items. This solar drier can be used for drying 20-30 kg of agricultural products per day.
PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 4 Solar Energy 6

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 4 Solar Energy

(C) Answer in five to six sentences:

Question 1.
Explain the method of cooking in solar cooker.
Answer:

  • Pre heat the’solar cooker by setting up it in the sun.
  • Add just sufficient water to the container having food ingredients to be cooked in the solar cooker.
  • Vegetables, eggs etc. do not need water for cooking in solar cooker. Cut potatoes and vegetables into small pieces before placing-these into the solar cooker for cooking.
  • The container containing ingredients and water should not be filled more than half of its level.
  • Keep the top of solar cooker towards the sun.
  • Do not open the solar cooker again and again. This will delay in cooking.
  • Open the lid carefully after cooking the food, so that steam cannot hurt our body.
    PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 4 Solar Energy 7

Question 2.
Explain the solar water heater in details.
Answer:
Solar water heater is a device used for heating water using solar energy. It consists of tubes, storage tank, tube and fix assembly, glass sheet etc.
PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 4 Solar Energy 8
Collector tubes are joined to the header of the bottom and top storage tank is insulated and is mounted in such a way that its bottom is above the top of collector by at least 60-70 cm. Front of the tube and fin assembly is covered by a glass sheet and all other sides and back are insulated. The sun rays fall on the tube and fin assembly, as a result water gets heated up, as hot water is lighter than cold water, hot water moves to the upper part of the storage tank.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 4 Solar Energy

Question 3.
Explain two solar dryer in detail.
Answer:
Solar dryer is used to dry vegetables and fruits. These are of two types.
Cabinet dryer:
This is a wooden box which is black from inside. It is covered with a glass sheet. Inside the box. there are perforated trays arranged at different levels, one above the other. Product to be dried is placed in these trays. There are two holes in this dryer, lower hole allows the air to enter and the hole at upper side allows the air to leave, this way air circulation takes place.

Multi product solar dryer:
This device is made up of sheets of wood and iron or of fiber glass. There are many holes at lower part and upper part for circulation of air. An arrangement has been done on the sides for placing and removing the products. There are shining rods for absorbing sunlight. Single glass sheet is fitted on the top of the box. Those trays which are used for drying the products have many holes in them. Trays are 3-4 cm in height. Cut pieces of vegetables and fruits can be dried in these trays. To protect the products from getting direct sunlight shining black plates are fixed. Since this is a solar device and uses sun rays it is placed in sunlight. Its glass top should be towards south.

Question 4.
Briefly discuss the different gadgets of solar energy.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 5.
How the solar energy can be used in different ways?
Answer:
Sun is the ultimate source of energy in the world. Plants make their own food in sunlight and living beings take their food from the plants. Sun is responsible for air – water cycle, but all these things are happening automatically in nature. We can use solar energy in different ways by using different techniques, e.g.

  • We can heat water using solar energy, cook food, produce electricity. We can dry fruits and vegetables using solar energy.
  • Electricity can be produced using solar cells.
  • We can save non-renewable sources of energy by using solar energy.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 4 Solar Energy

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Guide Solar Energy Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How many types of natural energy source are there?
Answer:
Two types.

Question 2.
What type of energy is electricity obtained from burning of coal?
Answer:
Conventional (Non-renewable) energy source.

Question 3.
Which type of energy sources are limited?
Answer:
Non-renewable.

Question 4.
Which type of energy sources are in plenty?
Answer:
Renewable (Non-conventional).

Question 5.
How much fresh product can be dried in domestic level solar dryer and in how many days?
Answer:
2-3 kg fresh products in 2-3 days.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 4 Solar Energy

Question 6.
Can we prepare chapati in solar cooker?
Answer:
No.

Question 7.
In which direction solar water should face?
Answer:
Towards south.

Question 8.
How many fans and lights can be operated using solar home lighting system?
Answer:
2 tubes, 2 fans for 5 to 6 hours.

Question 9.
What is the name of solar water heater.
Answer:
Thermosyphen solar water heater and storage-cum-collector solar water heater.

Question 10.
Name any one conventional source of energy.
Answer:
Coal.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 4 Solar Energy

Question 11.
How much percent of conventional fuel is saved by using solar cooker?
Answer:
20% to 50%.

Question 12.
Frame of trays is made up of which material?
Answer:
G.I. sheets.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the uses of solar energy?
Answer:
Solar energy is used to heat water, for drying fruits and vegetables, for cooking food etc.

Question 2.
What is the disadvantage of drying bruits and vegetables in direct sun light?
Answer:
Insects, birds and dust can harm the fruits and vegetables and their color may change.

Question 3.
What is solar heater?
Answer:
This is a device which absorb solar energy and convert it in heat energy.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 4 Solar Energy

Question 4.
Why is it necessary to clean the glass of solar water heater?
Answer:
Dust collects on the glass which hinders the path of sun light and therefore efficiency of the water heater is reduced. It becomes necessary to clean the glass top.

Question 5.
How can solar energy be concentrated?
Answer:
By using various types of lenses and mirrors.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
How much conventional fuel is saved by using solar cookers? What are the types of solar cookers? What are the limitations of solar cookers?
Answer:
By using a solar cookers we can save 20% to 50% of conventional fuel which is used to cook food. Solar energy can be concentrated by using various types of lenses, normally these are of two types:

  1. Box type solar cooker
  2. Double reflector solar cooker.

Limitations:
We have to Place the solar cooker in such a way that it is always facing The sunlight and it has to be set again and again. The solar cooker can not be used to prepare chapatis.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

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Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Science Guide for Class 6 PSEB Getting to Know Plants Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No.63)

Question 1.
Rose plant is a ………………
Answer:
Shrub.

Question 2.
Mango plant is a ………………
Answer:
Tree.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Question 3.
Wheat plant is a ……………….
Answer:
Herb.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No.65)

Question 1
………….. help in absorption of water and minerals from the soil.
Answer:
Roots.

Question 2.
Why does plant in pot B, wilt ?
Answer:
Because, its roots have been cut.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No.66)

Question 1.
It is not easy to pull out a plant from the soil because it has strong ……………….
(i) Roots
(ii) Flower
(iii) Stem
(iv) Leaves.
Answer:
(i) Roots.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No.67)

Question 1.
…………… always grows upwards.
Answer:
Stem.

Question 2.
Why white flower of balsam plant show specks of red colour ?
Answer:
Because, the coloured water moves through the stem. This proves that stems help in movement of water.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No.69)

Question 1.
What are stomata ?
Answer:
Small pores on the surface of a leaf are called stomata.

Question 2.
Define transpiration.
Answer:
Loss of water vapour from plants through stomata is called transpiration.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

 

Exercise – 1

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide Getting to Know Plants Textbook Questions and Answers

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) ……………… roots do not have any main root.
Answer:
Fibrous

(b) The arrangement of veins in a leaf is called ……………….
Answer:
Venation

(c) …………… is the female part of the flower.
Answer:
Pistil

(d) The stem of a tree is called ……………….
Answer:
Trunk

2. Write True or False:

(a) Loss of water from leaves is called transpiration.
Answer:
True

(b) Chlorophyll is responsible for the green colour in leaves.
Answer:
True

(c) The portion of stem between two intemodes is called node.
Answer:
False

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

(d) Stamen is the female reproductive part of a flower.
Answer:
False

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

Column A Column B
1. Root (a) protects the flower in bud
2. Climber (b) absorbs water
3. Sepal (c) keeps the plant upright
4. Stem (d) money plant

Answer:

Column A Column B
1. Root (b) absorbs water
2. Climber (d) money plant
3. Sepal (a) protects the flower in bud
4. Stem (c) keeps the plant upright

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Mango plant is a …………….
(a) Herb
(b) Shrub
(c) Tree
(d) Root.
Answer:
(c) Tree

Question (ii)
Photosynthesis takes place in:
(a) Stem
(b) Root
(c) Pistill
(d) Leaves.
Answer:
(d) Leaves.

Question (iii)
The points on the stem where leaves grow are called:
(a) Buds
(b) Nodes
(c) Axiles
(d) Internodes.
Answer:
(b) Nodes

Question (iv)
The process of losing water by leaves is known as:
(a) Absorption
(b) Transpiration
(c) Photosynthesis
(d) Anchorage.
Answer:
(b) Transpiration

Exercise – 2

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What is the flat green portion of a leaf called ?
Answer:
Leaf blade or Lamina is a flat green portion of a leaf.

Question (ii)
What is venation ? Write its different types.
Answer:
The arrangement of veins in a leaf is called venation. It is of two types.

  1. Parallel venation
  2. Reticulate venation.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Question (iii)
What is calyx ?
Answer:
Collection of sepals (the outermost green leafy structure) is called calyx.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What is the difference between tap root and fibrous root ?
Answer:

Tap root Fibrous root
(1) Penetrate deep into soil (1) Shallow and do not penetrate deep.
(2) Have long main root. (2) Do not contain any main root.
(3) Roots are of different thickness. (3) Roots are of same thickness
(4) For example: Radish, neem, mango etc. (4) For example: Grass, wheat, banana etc.

Question (ii)
Write the main functions of leaves.
Answer:
Main functions of leaves are :

  1. To prepare food from carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight called Photosynthesis.
  2. Stomata present in leaves help in exchange of gases.
  3. Transpiration is performed by stomata in leaves.
  4. In some plants leaves are used for protection. For example opuntia.

Question (iii)
What are creepers ? Give one example.
Answer:
The Herbs which have weak stem that cannot stand upright and spread on ground called creepers.
For example : Pumpkin.

7. Long Answer Type Questions :

Question (i)
What are the different parts of a leaf ? Explain with labelled diagram.
Answer:
Parts of the leaf are : Petiole, Lamina, Leaf base, midrib and veins.
(1) Petiole. The leaf is attached to stem by a short stalk called Petiole.
(2) Lamina. The flat, green, expanded portion of leaf called Lamina or leaf blade.
(3) Leaf base. The end of Lamina joining the petiole is called leaf base.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 1
(4) Midrib. The thick vein in the middle of the leaf called midrib.
(5) Veins. The lines on leaf called veins.

Question (ii)
Draw the diagram of a flower and describe its parts.
Answer:
Flower is an attractive, colourful and beautiful part of flowering plant. It is attached to stem by pedicel.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 2
Parts of a Flower :
Parts of flower consist of : Sepals, petals. Stamens, Pistil.

  1. Sepals. Outermost green leaves are sepals and collectively claled calyx. It protect flower in bud stage.
  2. Petals. The coloured leaf like structure are petals, and collectively called Corolla. Petals attract insects for pollination.
  3. Stamens. It is the male part of flower. It consist of :
    (a) Filament : The thin stalk
    (b) Anther. The two lobed head that produes pollen grans.
  4. Pistil. It is the female part of flower and is a flask shaped structure in the middle of flower. It consists of :
    (a) Ovary. Lower broader portion and contains ovary. It takes part in reproduction.
    (b) Style. Narrow middle portion.
    (c) Stigma. Sticky end at top of style

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Getting to Know Plants Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
Example of climber is :
(a) grape vine
(b) gourd plant
(c) maize
(d) rose.
Answer:
(a) grape vine

Question 2.
Reticulate venation is found in the leaves of:
(a) rose plant
(b) mango plant
(c) money plant
(d) all the above
Answer:
(d) all the above

Question 3.
The most prominent part of a bud is:
(a) sepal
(b) petal
(c) stamen
(d) pistil
Answer:
(b) petal

Question 4.
The number and colour of petals of rose plants are:
(a) one
(b) two
(c) five
(d) many.
Answer:
(d) many.

Question 5.
The process of producing food by leaves is:
(a) Photosynthesis
(b) Venation
(c) Herb
(d) Stimulus.
Answer:
(a) Photosynthesis

Question 6.
A change that produces a reaction in an organism is:
(a) Respiration
(b) Stimulus
(c) Photosynthesis
(d) Venation.
Answer:
(b) Stimulus

Question 7.
The process by which living organisms make energy is:
(a) Respiration
(b) Stimulus
(c) Venation
(d) Photosynthesis.
Answer:
(a) Respiration

Question 8.
Tulsi is a:
(a) Herb
(b) Shrub
(c) Tree
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Herb

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Question 9.
Palm is a:
(a) Herb
(b) Shrub
(c) Tree
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Tree

Question 10.
Rose is a:
(a) Herb
(b) Shrub
(c) Tree
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Shrub

Question 11.
Guava, papaya and banana are:
(a) flowering plants
(b) non-flowering plants
(c) stem
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) flowering plants

Question 12.
The autotrophs are:
(a) All animals
(b) All animals and plants
(c) All green plants
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) All green plants

Question 13.
Carrot, radish and turnip are:
(a) Modified stem
(b) Modified root
(c) Modified leaf
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Modified root

Question 14.
Which of the following is not a part of flower?
(a) Petals
(b) Sepals
(c) Pistil
(d) Lamina.
Answer:
(d) Lamina.

Question 15.
Potato is an underground:
(a) Root
(b) Leaf
(c) Stem
(d) Fruits.
Answer:
(c) Stem

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Question 16.
Horse is an animal:
(a) Carnivorous
(b) Herbivorous
(c) Omnivorous
(d) None.
Answer:
(b) Herbivorous

Question 17.
The growth in animals is:
(a) Reversible
(b) Irreversible
(c) Uncertain
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Irreversible

Question 18.
Which one of the following is a unicellular animal ?
(a) Jelly fish
(b) Mimosa pudica
(c) Amoeba
(d) All of the above.
Answer:
(c) Amoeba

Question 19.
Green plants prepare their own food with the help of:
(a) carbon dioxide
(b) water
(c) sunlight
(d) all of the above.
Answer:
(d) all of the above.

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) Plants having hard, taller and thicks stem are called ……………….
Answer:
trees

(b) Some unwanted plants grown along with crop are …………………
Answer:
weeds

(c) ……………. are plants with weak stem.
Answer:
creepers

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

(d) Climbers take ……………… on neighbouring structures and climb up.
Answer:
support

(e) Stem …………….. water.
Answer:
conducts

(f) There are ……………… tubes inside stem which transport water and mineral to leaves.
Answer:
narrow

(g) The part of a leaf by which it is attached to the stem is called …………….. .
Answer:
Petiole

(h) The thick vein in the middle of leaf is ……………… .
Answer:
midrib

(i) Plants release a lot of water into ………………. through transpiration.
Answer:
air

(j) Roots ………….. the plant to the soil.
Answer:
anchor

(k) There exists a relation between type of a root and leaf ……………….
Answer:
venation

(l) Some roots like …………… ,…………… and …………….. eaten as food.
Answer:
carrot, radish, turnip

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

(m) …………… are the coloured parts of a flower.
Answer:
Petals

(n) Small bead like structure inside the ovary are ……………. .
Answer:
ovules

(o) Never ……………… flowers.
Answer:
pluck

Write (T) against true and (F) against false statements.

(a) Plants having small, green and tender stem are called Shrubs.
Answer:
False

(b) Grape vine is an example of a creeper.
Answer:
False

(c) The middle thick vein of leaf is called petiole.
Answer:
False

(d) Plants with parallel venation have fibrous roots.
Answer:
True

(e) Photosynthesis process is done in stems of plants.
Answer:
False

(f) Grass, wheat, maize have flowers.
Answer:
False

(g) Sepals are coloured part of a flower.
Answer:
False

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

(h) Marigold is group of flowers.
Answer:
True

(i) Different flowers have different number of stamens.
Answer:
True

(j) Pistil of all flowers is same.
False

Match the following:

Column A Column B
(1) Root Making food.
(2) Stem Absorbing salts and water.
(3) Leaf Supplying food to the plant.
(4) Seed Creating a new plant.

Answer:
(1) Root – Absorbing salts and water
(2) Stem – Supplying food to the plant
(3) Leaf – Making food
(4) Seed – Creating a new plant.

Match the items given in column A with those given in column B in the following:

Column A Column B
(1) Neem Storage of food
(2) Radish Modified stem
(3) Potato Tap root
(4) Tendrils Photosynthesis
(5) Chlorophyll Grapevine

Answer:
(1) Neem – Tap root
(2) Radish – Stroage of food
(3) Potato – Modified stem
(4) Tendrils – grapevine
(5) Chlorophyll – Photosynthesis.

Very Short ANswer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define Trees.
Answer:
Trees. The tall plants having a single strong stem branched at top are called trees.

Question 2.
Give two examples of herbs.
Answer:
Herbs. Wheat, balsam.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Question 3.
Which type of plants are Moss, Algae and Fern ?
Answer:
Non-flowering type.

Question 4.
Which part of a flower attracts insects ?
Answer:
Petals (colourful part) attracts insects.

Question 5.
Bud is protected by some leaves. What are they known as ?
Answer:
Sepals protect the bud.

Question 6.
Name two root systems found in plants.
Answer:
Two roots systems in plants are :

  1. Tap root
  2. Fibrous root.

Question 7.
What are parts of a leaf ?
Answer:
Parts of a leaf are :

  1. Lamina
  2. Midrib
  3. Petiole.

Question 8.
Which underground stems are used as food ?
Answer:
Potato, Ginger.

Question 9.
Name different parts of a flower.
Answer:
Parts of a flower,

  1. Sepals
  2. Petals
  3. Stamens
  4. Pistils.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Question 10.
Name reproductive parts of a flower.
Answer:

  1. Stamen
  2. Pistil.

Question 11.
Name the male reproductive part of a flower.
Answer:
Stamen.

Question 12.
In which part of a flower ovary is found ?
Answer:
Pistil.

Question 13.
How plants are classified on the basis of size and structure ?
Answer:
Herbs, shrubs and trees.

Question 14.
What are shrubs ? Give examples.
Answer:
Medium sized plants within branches starting just above the ground are shrubs, e.g. heena, lemon etc.

Question 15.
What are herbs ? Give examples.
Answer:
Herbs. Small and non-woody plants are herbs e.g. wheat, balsam.

Question 16.
What is photosynthesis ?
Answer:
Photosynthesis. The process by which green leaves produce food for plants in the presence of sun light, water and carbon dioxide is called photosynthesis.

Question 17.
Why are leaves generally green ?
Answer:
The green colour of leaves is because of presence of chlorophyll.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Question 18.
What are non-flowering plants ? Give example ?
Answer:
The plants which do not bear flowers are non-flowering plants e.g. Moss, algae, fern.

Question 19.
What are Creepers ?
Answer:
Creepers. Plants which run on the ground are creepers.

Question 20.
What are Climbers ?
Answer:
Climbers : Plants which need support to stand up are climbers.

Question 21.
Define node ?
Answer:
Node. The part of stem where branches and leaf attached are called nodes.

Question 22.
Define Internode.
Answer:
Internode. The part of stem between two consecutive nodes is intemode.

Question 23.
What is difference between the stems of shrub and tree ?
Answer:
Stem of shrub is hard and thin but that of tree is hard and bulky.

Question 24.
Name two flowers with joined sepals ?
Answer:
Dhatura and Loki.

Question 25.
Name two flowers with separate sepals ?
Answer:
Gurkal and mustard.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Question 26.
What is a cell ?
Answer:
Cell. A cell is a structural and functional unit of life.

Question 27.
What is nutrition ?
Answer:
Nutrition. It is the process of taking food.

Question 28.
What is respiration ?
Answer:
Respiration is the process of taking oxygen and giving out carbon dioxide.

Question 29.
What is food of fish ?
Answer:
Aquatic insects and micro-organisms.

Question 30.
What is food of frog ?
Answer:
Food of Frog. Small insects.

Question 31.
Name an organism whose body consists of only one cell.
Answer:
Amoeba is a unicellular organism.

Question 32.
What are autotrophs ?
Answer:
Autotrophs. Living organisms that prepare their own food.

Question 33.
What are heterotrophs ?
Answer:
Heterotrophs. Living organisms that depend upon other living or dead organisms for their food.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Question 34.
Why do animals need food ?
Answer:
Animals need food for growth and maintenance of the body.

Question 35.
What is the process of removal of wastes by plants called ?
Answer:
The process of removal of wastes in plants is called secretions.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Differentiate between Herbs, Shrubs and Trees.
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 3

Question 2.
What is meant by conduction of water ?
Answer:
Conduction of water. The movement or transportation of water from roots to different parts of a plant against the gravity pull is called conduction of water i.e. an upward movement of water.

Question 3.
Write the functions of a leaf.
Answer:
Functions of leaf.

  1. It helps in transpiration of water.
  2. It carries out photosynthesis process to manufacture food.
  3. It stores food also.

Question 4.
What are veins ? What is their arrangement known as ?
Answer:
Veins are small lines present on the lamina of a leaf. They may be parallel to one another or net like on both sides of the midrib. This arrangement is known as Leaf Venation.

Question 5.
Define Photosynthesis.
Answer:
Photosynthesis. The process of preparation of food by leaves of green plants using sunlight, water and carbondioxide is called photosynthesis.

Question 6.
Name the underground part of a plant and state its function.
Answer:
Underground part of a plant is called a Root.
Functions of a root :

  1. It fixes the plant to the soil.
  2. It absorbs water and dissolved salts from soil.
  3. Some roots store food.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Question 7.
What is a flower ? Name its different parts.
Answer:
Flower. It is a modified shoot which develops from the flower buds.
Parts of a flower :

  1. Sepals
  2. Petals
  3. Stamens
  4. Pistils.

Question 8.
What is a thalamus ? What is its function ?
Answer:
Thalamus. The uppermost end of the pedicel is somewhat swollen. This swollen part of the pedicel is known as thalamus.
It is used to bear all the four whorls of a flower.

Question 9.
What are stamens ?
Answer:
Stamens. It is the male reproductive organ. Each consists of a thin stalk or filament and two lobed head called anthers. Inside the anthers there are pollen sacs. The pollen sac contains minute pollen grains.

Question 10.
Differentiate between root and stem.
Answer:
Differences between Root and Stem :

Root Stem
(1) It is an underground part of a plant. (1) It is the part of the plant mostly above the ground.
(2) It grows away from light but in direction of water. (2) It grows in the direction of light.
(3) It does not bear nodes and internodes. (3) It bears nodes and internodes.

Question 11.
State the meaning of the following terms :
(i) Tap roots
(ii) Fibrous roots
(iii) Root Cap
(iv) Root hair.
Answer:
(i) Tap roots. The main root is called tap root. Tap roots have branches which grow sideways and spread all around the main root.

(ii) Fibrous roots. Roots which seem similar are fibrous roots. They are short and fibrelike. They do not have branches. These roots are called fibrous roots.

(iii) Root cap. The yellowish cover over the tip of the root is called the root cap. The root cap protects the delicate tip of the root from injury.

(iv) Root hair. The hair-like structure of the tender ends of the roots is called root hair. Root hairs absorb salt and water from the soil.

Question 12.
State the meaning of the following terms :
(i) Leat blade
(ii) Leaf apex
(iii) Leaf base.
Answer:
(i) Leaf blade. The broad flat portion of the leaf is called the leaf blade.
(ii) Leaf apex. The tip of the leaf is called the leaf apex.
(iii) Leaf base. The part of the leaf which is joined to the stalk is called the leaf base.

Question 13.
State the meaning of following terms :
(i) Calyx
(ii) Corolla.
Answer:
(i) Calyx. The outermost portion of the flower consisting of a whorl of green leaflike structure is called the calyx.
(ii) Corolla. The whorl inside the calyx is called the corolla. Corolla is made up of partially or fully joined multi-coloured petals.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Question 14.
Why is the leaf an important organ of the plant ?
Answer:
The leaf is an important organ because :

  • It prepares food by photosynthesis.
  • It performs the function of respiration.
  • It performs the function of transpiration.

Question 15.
What is a root ?
Answer:
Root. A root is an underground part of the plant. Roots grow downwards in the soil. Usually roots are light yellow or white in colour. There are small branches on the main root. These branches are known as secondary roots. Small fibre-like structures are seen on the surface of the root. These structures are called root hairs. Root hairs absorb water and minerals from the soil.

Question 16.
Discuss the types of roots.
Answer:
Types of Roots. There are two types of roots
(i) Tap root
(ii) Fibrous root.

(i) Tap root. The root that develops from the radicle is called tap root. It grows vertically down into the soil. The tap root gives out branches.
Examples : Pea, neem, mango.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 4

(ii) Fibrous root. Some plants do not have any main root. They have many fibre-like roots. These roots spread out in the soil and give support to the plant.
Examples : Wheat, maize, millet, grass.

Question 17.
What are fleshy roots ?
Answer:
Fleshy roots. In some plants, for example, radish, carrot and turnip, the roots store the food. Such roots become thick and fleshy due to the storing of food are also called fleshy roots.

Question 18.
Why are stamens and pistils important parts of the flower ?
Answer:
Importance of stamens and pistils. The formation of seeds by the process of fertilisation takes place in the flowers. In this process, pollen grains from the androecium combine with the ovules of the ovary to form a seed.

Question 19.
Give one or two-word terms for the following statements :
(i) The underground part of the plant.
(ii) The type of roots found in wheat, maize and sugarcane.
(iii) The portion of plant above the ground.
(iv) Green expanded part of the plant which arises on the nodes of the stem.
(v) The plants which have stems modified for photosy-nthesis and leaves modified into spines for protection.
(vi) The process of manufacture of food by plants in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.
(vii) The reproductive part of the plant.
(viii) The stem between two nodes.
Answer:
(i) Root system
(ii) Fibrous roots
(iii) Shoot system
(iv) Leaf
(v) Cacti
(vi) Photosynthesis
(vii) Flower
(viii) Intemode.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Question 20.
Which parts of a flower are useful for reproduction ?
Answer:
Useful parts for reproduction are : (i) Stamens or Androecium and (ii) Carpels or Gynaecium.

Question 21.
Which organ of the flower does the function of producing fruit and seed ?
Answer:
Carpel of the flower does the function of producing fruit and seed.

Question 22.
Give two examples of each :
(i) Plants with fibrous roots
(ii) Roots storing food
(iii) Supporting roots
(iv) Stems storing food
(v) Stems with tendrils
(vi) Leaves with tendrils.
Answer:
(i) Coconut tree, Maize plant
(ii) Radish, Carrot
(iii) Maize, Aerial roots of a banyan tree
(iv) Potato, Ginger
(v) Grapevine, Pumpkin
(vi) Pea plant, Gloriosa.

Question 23.
State whether the following are roots, stems or leaves :
(i) Potato
(ii) Carrot
(iii) Cabbage
(iv) Radish
(v) Amorphophallus
(vi) Turmeric
(vii) Ginger
(viii) Beet
(ix) Turnip
(x) Sweet potato.
Answer:
Roots : Carrot, Radish, Beet, Turnip, Sweet potato.
Stems : Potato, Amorphophallus, Turmeric, Ginger.
Leaves : Cabbage.

Question 24.
Name the systems of flowering plants. Draw them.
Answer:
All flowering plants have two main systems : (i) Root System (ii) Shoot System.
The Root System which grows mainly underground. The Shoot system grows above the ground as shown in diagram.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 5

Question 25.
What are herbs, shrubs and trees ? Give examples.
Answer:
Plants are classified as herbs, shrubs and trees.
Herbs. Plants with green and tender stems are called Herbs. They are usually short and sometimes do not have branches e.g. grasses, Dhania etc.

Shrubs. Medium sized plants with branches starting just above the ground are shrubs. Trees. The plants which are very tall and have hard and thick stem. They have branches arising from upper part of the stem. They are called trees. For example, Mango tree, Lemon tree etc.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 6

Question 26.
What is a leaf and what is its role in the life of a plant ?
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 7
The leaf is a flattened, thin green lateral structure borne on the stem.
A leaf is borne on the stem at a node. It usually has a stalk called petiole and very small leaves at the base of the petiole called the stipules. It has broad expanded green part called leaf blade or Lamina. It has thick midrib in the centre.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Question 27.
What is Venation ? Also classify it.
Answer:
Venation. The pattern of thread-like structures in the leaves forming a network is venation.

Reticulate venation. When the design is net-like on both the sides of mid rib, the venation is said to be reticulate. Examples : rose, tulsi, mint, cabbage.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 8
Parallel Venation. When the leaf has veins parallel to one another. Such venation is called Parallel venation. Examples : grass, maize, sugarcane.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 9

Question 28.
What are the functions of roots ?
Answer:
Roots of plants have following functions :

  • Fixation. It fixes the plant firmly in the soil.
  • Absorption. Root hairs help in the absorption of water and minerals from the soil.
  • Transportation. Water and minerals absorbed by the roots are transported up to the stem and into the branches.
  • Prevention of soil erosion. Roots prevent soil erosion.

Question 29.
What are the characteristics of roots ?
Answer:
The root and its branches make up the root system of a plant.

Characteristics of roots.
The root is the underground, non-green part of the plant. It generally grows from the radicle of the embryo of a seed. It grows into the soil, away from sunlight. It does not possess nodes or internodes.

Question 30.
Name some modified roots and stems which we eat.
Answer:
Radish, carrot, potato, sweet potato, beet etc.are modified roots and stems which we eat.

Question 31.
Write three modifications each of stems and roots.
Answer:
Modification of roots : (!) Storage roots (ii) supporting roots (iii) Breathing roots. Modification of stems : (i) Storage of food (ii) Support (iii) Protection.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain experimentally that stem helps in conducting water upwards.
Answer:
Experiment. Gently pull out a balsam plant or any other plant with white flowers from the soil. Wash its roots well. Then cut the roots under water. Dip the lower end of the cut stem in a bottle containing water to which few drops of red ink has been added as shown in
fig.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 10

Leave the plant undisturbed for a few hours. Observe the plant carefully. You will notice that the colour of the white flowers changes to red, this is because of conduction of water from stem to flower. This experiment proves that stem helps in conducting water upwards.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Question 2.
Explain through activity the process of Transpiration.
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 11
Experiment.
Take a potted plant and cover it with a polythene bag as shown in figure. Observe it after few hours. What do you see in the bag ? You will notice a few droplets of water in the bag. This shows that the water is lost by the leaves during Transpiration.

Question 3.
Discuss the various parts of a flower.
Answer:
A flower may be defined as a modified shoot highly condensed. It develops from the floral buds.

Parts of a flower. Flowers vary in size, shape and colour but all flowers have the same basic parts. The main parts are :
(i) Pedicel and thalamus
(ii) Calyx or sepals
(iii) Corolla or petals
(iv) Androecium or stamens
(v) Gynoecium or carpels.

(i) Pedicel. A flower is borne on a stalk called pedicel. The upper swollen part of pedicel is called thalamus. It bears all the four whorls of a flower.

(ii) Sepals. It is the 1 st outermost whorl of a flower. It consists of leaf like structures called sepals. Sepals are generally green, manufacture food and supply it to other floral parts.

(iii) Petals. It is 2nd whorl of a flower. Each segment of the petal is known as a petal. These are usually brightly coloured due to presence of pigments. The bright colour, sweet smell and nectar attract the insects which in turn help in pollination.

(iv) Androecium or stamens. It is the third floral whorl which is composed of one or more male reproductive organs called stamens. Each stamen consists of a thin stalk or filament and two lobe head called the anther. Each anther lobe has two pollen-sacs which are filled with pollen grains.

(v) Gynoecium or Carpels. It is the innermost floral whorl which is composed of one or more female reproductive organs called carpels. Each carpel consists of three parts : Stigma, Style and Ovary.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 12

Question 4.
What is a stem? What are the different parts of a stem?
Answer:
Stem. The ascending aerial part of the plant that directly develops from the plumule is called a stem. It is the link between the roots and the leaves and flowers. The stem is the strongest part of a tree and is known as the trunk.

Parts of a stem. A stem consists of the following three parts :
(i) Node. It is a place on the stem or a branch from which a leaf is produced.

(ii) Internode. This is the part of the stem which lies in between the two successive nodes.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 13

(iii) Bud. It is the condensed part of the stem lying either at the apex of a stem or in the axil of a leaf.

Question 5.
Explain the normal and special functions of stems.
Answer:
Normal functions of stems: The normal functions of stems are :
(i) Stems support the branches of the plant bearing leaves, flowers and fruits.
(ii) They spread the leaves so that every leaf gets sufficient light and air.
(iii) They transport water and salts absorbed by the roots upto the leaves and other parts of the plant.
(iv) The food prepared in the leaves is distributed to the different parts of the plant by the stem.

Special functions of stems.
The special functions of the stems are as follows :
(i) The manufacture of food material. Some plants such as Opuntia, Asparagus, etc., have either no leaves or very small leaves. The stems of such plants are green due to the presence of chlorophyll. Such green stems manufacture food material in the presence of sunlight.
(ii) Support. Some plants such as passionflower, bitter gourd, and grapevines have weak stems. Fiber-like tendrils develop.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Physical Capacity and Advantages of Exercises

by

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Chapter 2 Physical Capacity and Advantages of Exercises Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Physical Education Chapter 2 Physical Capacity and Advantages of Exercises

Physical Education Guide for Class 7 PSEB Physical Capacity and Advantages of Exercises Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What do you mean by human capacity?
Answer:
Physical capacity is required not only in games but in every field of life to perform the work. Physical capacity is the quality of the body by which a person can do his daily work without any difficulty, in other words, a person’s capacity to do maximum physical work is called human capacity. Physical capacity is to be related to the person who does a lot of physical work. People who do not know the meaning of physical capacity.

They think that physical strength is required only by the farmers, labours, etc. who do heavy physical work and perform hard duties. Besides this physical capacity is considered with players. Who has to win the medal in games. The level of physical capacity is different in every person. The capacity is different from one another. It depends upon the profession and the work they are doing.

A person who perform hardwork is possessing more capacity then a person who do not perform any work. A person who works in a shop are the one who is clerk has less physical capacity as compare to a sports person. In the same way a football and a kabaddi player as in both the games player do hard work in different way. A person’s physical quantity depends upon different qualities. The physical capacity will increase as much as you work hard.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Physical Capacity and Advantages of Exercises

Question 2.
Write the name of parts of human capacity.
Answer:
Human capacity are as follows :

  • Speed
  • Strength
  • Endurance
  • Flexibility
  • Co-ordination.

Question 3.
What do you understand by speed?
Answer:
The first quality of physical capacity is speed. The ability to do a work in minimum time is called speed. Speed is a very important quality of a physical capacity that has an important role in every game. That player is considered a good player who possesses a great speed. Even in general work, the person who owns the quality of doing a work faster, completes his work earlier than others.
PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Physical Capacity and Advantages of Exercises

Question 4.
What do you mean by co-ordination? What is the importance of co-ordination for a player?
Answer:
Co-ordination is also a quality of physical capacity. Co-ordination means the relation between mind and the body. The body receives the message sent by the mind and complete the soon no work is possible without the co-ordination of mind and body.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Physical Capacity and Advantages of Exercises

Question 5.
Write in detail about the importance of human capacity.
Answer:

  • The body of a person having physical capacity remains beautiful and stout. His body has good growth and development.
  • Physical systems become able to work properly due to physical capacity, our muscles become able to do heavy work and we can do more work.
  • A person has good control on his body with his physical capacity. There is improvement in co-ordination of his brain and muscles.
  • There is less scope of heart and lung diseases e.g. blood pressure, heart attack, breathing problems, asthama etc. to the person with physical capacity.

Question 6.
What do you mean by exercise? What are the advantages of exercise?
Answer:
Walking, Running, Throwing and Climbing are the basic skills of human being. He uses all the skills in his routine life and perform exercise. Sometime forceful and brisk activities are done to improve these skills. These activities are known as exercise. The objectives of exercise to improve the circulation of blood. It has a great relationship between health and exercise. There are many advantages of exercise which are given below:

  • Muscle becomes strong and flexible.
  • Lungs contract and expand during exercise.
  • CO2 is exhaled in more quantity due to quick contraction and expansion of lungs and more of O2 is inhaled in the body. The blood is purified by this process.
  • Heart becomes healthy. There is increase in the capacity of heart and arteries become strong.
  • Digestive system of a person become more stronger with exercise.
  • Exercise remove the formitive of the body and one gets reduff joint problems.
  • New cell and new blood is produce in body. White blood cells increased and body become strong.
  • Ageing is delayed mental and physical health remain good.
  • By doing exercise health remain good and he away from evil thoughts.
  • Extra fat of the body is burned and his body become healthy, active and stout.
  • Heat is produced in the body while doing exercise and prespiration is caused impurities expell out from the body and skin becomes clear after that body become healthy.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Physical Capacity and Advantages of Exercises

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Guide Physical Capacity and Advantages of Exercises Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Write the quality of Physical capacity.
(A)Speed
(B) Strength
(C) Courage and flexibility
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

Question 2.
Advantage of Excercise:
(A) Muscle becomes strong
(B) Digestive system becomes strong
(C) Ageing is delayed
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

Question 3.
Write more advantage of Exercise.
(A) Blood remain pure
(B) Heart becomes healthy
(C) White cells in the body increases
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Physical Capacity and Advantages of Exercises

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What happens when we walk, jump, run?
Answer:
Exercise.

Question 2.
Which organ exhaled the CO2 from our body?
Answer:
Lungs.

Question 3.
How physical capacity is build?
Answer:
Regular exercise and taking balanced diet.

Question 4.
How our muscles become stronger & flexible?
Answer:
By doing exercise.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Physical Capacity and Advantages of Exercises

Question 5.
What happen by prespiration?
Answer:
Waste products are expelled out from our body.

Question 6.
What is physical capacity?
Answer:
It is the ability of a person which enable him to perform his work smoothly.

Question 7.
Write the name of quality of physical capacity.
Answer:
Speed, Coordination, Endurance, Strength and Flexibility.

Question 8.
Write the importance of physical energy?
Answer:

  • It makes our body healthy & attractive.
  • With the help of physical energy he overcome the control of energy.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Physical Capacity and Advantages of Exercises

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the effect of exercise on all parts of the body?
Answer:

  • Body becomes strong & more work is performed.
  • Digestive system work properly.
  • We feel more hungry.

Question 2.
Write any three advantages of exercise
Answer:

  • It removes the illness.
  • While doing exercise precipiration is cause and impurities of the body are expelled.
  • Age of the person is increased.

Question 3.
Write the effect of exercise on lungs.
Answer:

  • Lungs contract & expand during exercise.
  • CO2 is exhaled in more quantity.
  • More of O2 is inhaled by the body.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Physical Capacity and Advantages of Exercises

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the achievement of sports person in field of sports?
Answer:
The sports person are creating new record in the fields of sports. Bring loral to their own country. Sports are limited for recreation & intest earlier. But now there are earing lot of money in sports for this very reason they work very harding improve their physical capacity. To won the medal in Olympic are breaking record in other sports. They become star in sports and become very rich by earning money from this sports. Every person intend to create a world record in the field of sports. For this very reason they have to work hard and pay special method of training modem equipment of sports. Experience coach develops all the qualities of a person in a sports. In this way, the sports person prepare himself for the demand of sports market. If is lacking in the physical energy he cannot compete with his opponents.

Question 2.
Write the qualities of physical energy.
Answer:
1. Speed
2. Strength
3. Endurance
4. Flexibility
5. Coordination.

1. Speed:
The first quality of physical capacity is speed. The ability to do a work in minimum time is called speed. Speed is very important quality of physical capacity that has an important role in every game. The player is considered a good player who possesses a great speed.

2. Strength:
The energy produced by the muscles of the body is called strength. It is required to complete any work. Every light or heavy work requires physical capacity to complete it. A strong person can do any light or heavy work easily.

3. Endurance:
The capacity to do work for a long period is called endurance. It is an important part of physical strength that helps a person to continue his work even in the state of fatigue. The long term activities cannot be completed without this quality.

4. Flexibility:
Any player’s performance in the game depends upon the body’s flexibility. It directs relate to the joints of the body. The more the person bends his joints, the more flexibility he owns.

5. Coordination:
It is also an important physical capacity like others. It means the relation between wind and the body. There will be no mistakes if the body receives the messages sent by wind and completes it soon.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 1 Human Body

by

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Chapter 1 Human Body Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Physical Education Chapter 1 Human Body

Physical Education Guide for Class 7 PSEB Human Body Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What do you know about the human body?
Answer:
The human body is made up of muscles, bones, and many other small and large organs of the body like- heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, etc. When we see the kabaddi players before participating in-game and they warm up and enter into the sports field. Their attractive body is much impressed to us and we attend to be fit like kabaddi players. The players have to face many difficulties to build their bodies. It is very essential to be fit and have an attractive look. The player’s body fitness depends on its strength and power. Their achievement in sports depends on their fitness and strength to make them healthy. A sportsman must have knowledge of his body if the sportsman knows all parts of the body. He will be able to perform in sports well. If he does not know the various parts of the body and their working then he may get hurt while doing exercise and he may not be able to develop his body fitness.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 1 Human Body

Question 2.
In which categories can a human body be divided to understand or knowledge it?
Answer:

  • Body Posture
  • Body Function.

Question 3.
How many bones are there in a human body?
Answer:
The human body has 206 bones of different shapes and sizes which make the frame of the body by joining together.

Question 4.
What are the main organs of blood-circulation system?
Answer:
Heart, Arteries, veins and tissues are the main organs of the blood circulation system.

Question 5.
What do you know about sensory organs?
Answer:
Sensory organs are:
eyes, ears, tongue, nose, skin. We get knowledge about our surrounding and the changes of environment through them. We can see any object with our eyes. We can smell any thing with our nose. We can hear any thing with our ears. Tongue tells about different kind of tastes of eatables. Skin makes us to feel the touch of anything and realization of summer and winter.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 1 Human Body

Question 6.
What is the importance of excretory system in human body?
Answer:
The food we take eat only a small part of it is retained in our body and the rest of it is excreted from the body in the form of waste material when we work the energy is consumed and the result of many waste material are produce in the body. The waste material are necessary to excrete from out body. If these waste material are remain in our body may causes many diseases. Excretory system expell out the waste product out of the body. The skin and the kidney are the main part of the system. They expell the waste product in the form of urine and sweat.

Question 7.
What are the main functions of human body?
Answer:
1. Protection:
Our body consist of many soft organs like : heart, lungs and brain, which are pretected by the skeleton system like : bones of our skull protect our brain and bones of our rib cage protect our lungs and heart also.

2. Shape:
The body structure gives shape to our body. If this body structure is not present then shape of our body is irregular.

3. Movement:
All movements are possible due to the body posture. The muscles are attached to the frame of the body. The contraction and expansion of muscles causes movement in the bones and this result body to do the movement.

4. Mineral Store House:
The bones of our body act as a mineral store house. In bones they decay great quantity of calcium and phosphorus
stored in our body, which causes growth and development in human being. We should take a balanced diet in our food. If any of these elements is not sufficient in our body, the bones use to supply these.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 1 Human Body

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Guide Human Body Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
In which categories can a human body be divided to understand or knowledge of:
(A) Two
(B) Three
(C) Four
(D) Five.
Answer:
(A) Two

Question 2.
How many bones are there in human?
(A) 206
(B) 220
(C) 300
(D) 250.
Answer:
(A) 206

Question 3.
Main functions of human body :
(A) Protection
(B) Shape
(C) Movement
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

Question 4.
Organs of Blood Circulation :
(A) Heart
(B) Arteries
(C) Veins
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 1 Human Body

Question 5.
Main system of Body.
(A) Muscular System
(B) Circulatory System
(C) Respiratory System
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which material is used to make the human body?
Answer:
Muscles, Bones and some small and big orgAnswer:

Question 2.
Write the three body orgAnswer:
Answer:
Heart
Lungs
kidneys

Question 3.
Who protect our soft organs?
Answer:
Bones and ribs.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 1 Human Body

Question 4.
Which body organ is protected by the skull?
Answer:
It protects the brain.

Question 5.
Who provide shape to our body?
Answer:
Skeletal system provide shape to our body.

Question 6.
What happen if bones are not present in our body?
Answer:
It becomes big flash of skin.

Question 7.
How we get the movements to our body?
Answer:
Muscles create the movements in our body.

Question 8.
Who stored the minerals?
Answer:
Bones stored the minerals in our body.

Question 9.
Which are the important systems in our body?
Answer:
Circulatory system, Respiratory system.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 1 Human Body

Question 10.
Which system help us in running and walking?
Answer: Muscular System.

Question 11.
Write the main organs of respiratory system.
Answer:
Nose, Wind pipe, Lungs.

Question 12.
Which system provides energy to our body?
Answer:
Digestive System.

Question 13.
Write the main organs of excretory system.
Answer:
Skin and Kidneys.

Question 14.
Write the function of the nervous system.
Answer:
Messages of Brain provides to the body organs and activities of body organs provide to brain.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What steps should be taken by a sportsman to make our body beautiful and attractive?
Answer:
They should work hard to make his body fit and fine.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 1 Human Body

Question 2.
What did the sportsman knows for their progress?
Answer:
Players should know the various parts of the body, their work and efficiency of the body.

Question 3.
Which mineral is stored in bones?
Answer:
Calcium and Phosphorus.

Question 4.
From which we get the energy?
Answer:
We get the energy from our food. The food we intake after so many chemical changes we get the energy. The digestive system tells us how the food is absorbed and how we can get the energy from it.

Question 5.
How the human body was?
Answer:
Human body is like a machine and different system like its parts. To run the machine properly all parts should be work together. If any system of our body is disturbed. The effect can be effect on the whole body and a man can suffer. It is important to get the knowledge about our body to keep healthy.

Question 6.
What is the difference between veins and arteries?
Answer:
The arteries carries the pure blood from heart to all organs. Veins carries impure blood from body organs to heart.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 1 Human Body

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why we should have the knowledge about different body organs?
Answer:
Our body system consist of many system and they combine to do different works. It is important that all the system work properly. If any of the system stops working properly then our body is effected and causes many problems.
1. Muscular System:
By this system we know about muscles. Due to muscles we are able to run, walk etc. Our body also works properly due to these muscles.

2. Circulatory System:
The blood keeps circulating in our body continuously the main organs of this system is heart, arteries, veins and tissues. The heart always remains beating and through the veins circulate the blood to the whole body. We can see blue arteries on the upper parts of our hands which takes blood towards the heart.

3. Respiratory System (Breathing System):
To our human body oxygen always require to live. We take O2 through breathing and exhale CO2. Nose, wind pipes and lungs are the main parts of this organ.

4. Digestive System:
We need energy to work. This energy is derived from food. The food we intake becomes very useful to our body after chemical process. We come to know how the food is digested and how the energy produced by it.

5. Excretory System:
The food we eat, only a small part of it is retained in our body and at rest of it is excreted from body in the shape of waste materials. In the similar way, when we work, the energy is consumed as a result many waste materials are produced in the form of sweat and urine.

6. Sense Organs:
Eyes, nose, ears, tongue and skin are the main parts of this system. We get knowledge about our surrounding and the change of environment through them.

7. Nervous System:
Brain controls all the activities of human body. There is a net of nervous system spread in the whole body that send message of’brain to different parts of the body and vice versa.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 1 Human Body

Question 2.
Write the advantages of different body systems?
Answer:
All the body systems are vital for body but the blood circulation and breathing system among are very important. Any one system of these two, if stops working even for a short while, a man can die. Continuous flow of blood and O2 in the body is very necessary to keep and human being alive. Human body is like a machine and different system of the body are like its parts. To make the machine run properly, it is important that all its parts should work properly. If any system of our body is disrupted, its effect can be felt on the whole body and the main becomes ill.

PSEB 8th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Nutritious and Balanced Diet

by

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Physical Education Book Solutions  Chapter 2 Nutritious and Balanced Diet Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 Physical Education Chapter 2 Nutritious and Balanced Diet

Physical Education Guide for Class 8 PSEB Nutritious and Balanced Diet Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What do you mean by food?
Answer:
Food is very important for our body because it helps in the growth and development of our body. It repairs old cells and forms the new cells. Food prevents us from diseases. We consider such things as food which becomes part of our body after taking it and develops the body.

PSEB 8th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Nutritious and Balanced Diet

Question 2.
What do you mean by nutritious food?
Answer:
The following are the constituents of nutritious food:

  • Proteins
  • Vitamins
  • Carbohydrates
  • Fats
  • Mineral Salts
  • Water.

Question 3.
What do you mean by balanced diet?
Answer:
Balanced Diet. Balanced diet is the diet which has all the nutrients in right proportion and which is capable of fulfilling all the needs of the body. It should have all nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, salts and water in proper proportion. Such a diet needs to be taken for the proper development of body, protection from diseases and good health. No single item of food is balanced diet in itself. Only milk is an exception, as it has got almost all nutrients.

Question 4.
What do you understand by protein? How many types of proteins are there?
Answer:
Proteins:
Protein is a complex compound consisting of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur, phosphorus and nitrogen. It is of two kinds vegetable protein and animal protein.

Sources:
1. Vegetable Protein: It is available in soyabeans, groundnuts, cashew-nuts, pistachio, walnuts, wheat, millet, maize, etc.
2. Animal Protein: It is available in meat, fish, egg, cheese, etc.
PSEB 8th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Nutritious and Balanced Diet 1
Advantages of Protein:

  • It ensures physical growth and development
  • It repairs broken tissues
  • It keeps the body temperature normal
  • It produces energy in case there is lack-of the quantity of carbohydrates or fats in the body.

Harms due to lack of Proteins:
The body catches the following diseases due to lack of proteins-
1. Kwashiorkor:
This disease is common in children in the age group of 1-3 years in case there is lack of proteins. At first, the child’s legs are affected. Then this disease causes swelling on the face and then the whole body. The skin of the child becomes rough and red. The child becomes irritated.

2. Rickets or Rachitis:
As a result of the lack of proteins children suffer from rachitis. A child affected with this disease looks very thin and weak. Bones are visible through his flesh.

3. Hunger Oedema:
Because of prolonged hunger and lack of protein, the body does not get nourishment, and water gets accumulated in cells, and body appears to be swelled up.

4. Pellagra: As a result of this disease, one’s skin appears to be rough and dry.

5. Defect in the Liver. Liver gets damaged due to the lack of protein in food.

Harms due to excess of Proteins:
One may suffer from kidney ailments in case of excessive intake of proteins. Blood vessels too get affected and one begins to have joint pains.

Proper quantity:
Children in the age group of 1-6 years are in dire need of proteins in large amount. A normal person should consume 70 to 100 gms. of proteins every day.

PSEB 8th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Nutritious and Balanced Diet

Question 5.
What are carbohydrates? What are the harmful effects of its deficiency and excess.
Answer:
Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates provide heat and energy to the body. Indians, in general, compensate 70-80% of their food with this element.

Sources: Carbohydrates are available in wheat, rice, barley, maize, millet, jaggery, sugar, potatoes, etc.

Advantages of Carbohydrates:

  • Carbohydrates provide heat and energy to the body.
  • They help in digesting fat.
  • They cleanse intestines and liver.

Harms due to lack of Carbohydrates:

  • As a result of the lack of carbohydrates, blood loses its alkaline nature, and becomes more acidic. In such a condition, a person may become unconscious. In such a condition due to hunger one may get diabetes.
  • Intestines are not cleaned properly.
  • As a result of lack of carbohydrates, fats remain undigested in the body.
  • As a result of lack of carbohydrates acidic elements in the liver get cleansed, and it is harmful to the body
  • A person becomes very weak and may die in case there is excess of lack of carbohydrates in his food.
    PSEB 8th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Nutritious and Balanced Diet 2

Harms due to excess of Carbohydrates:
The excess of carbohydrates causes-

  • fatness
  • high blood pressure
  • joint pains and
  • diabetes.

Proper Quantity:
Our food has 50-80% of carbohydrates. 50-60% part of balanced diet consists of carbohydrates. A normal person should have 400 to 700 gms. of carbohydrates in his daily food.

PSEB 8th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Nutritious and Balanced Diet

Question 6.
What do you mean by fats? What are its types.
Answer:
Fats are of two types-
(i) vegetable fats
(ii) animal fats.

Sources.
1. Vegetable Fats. These are available in almonds, walnuts, soyabeans, groundnuts, coconut oil, mustard, etc.
2. Animal Fats. These are available in ghee, butter, milk, meat, fish, egg, etc.
PSEB 8th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Nutritious and Balanced Diet 3

Advantages:

  • It provides energy to the body.
  • It keeps the body temperature stable.
  • It protects all parts of the body against external injuries.
  • It keeps in reserve vitamins A, D and K according to the needs of the body.

Harms due to the lack of Fats:
The body suffers in the following ways in case there is lack of fats-

  • Skin becomes dry.
  • The deficiency of vitamins A, D and K follows.
  • The skin goes dry because of the lack of acids of fat.

Harms due to excess of Fats:
The excess of fats in one’s food also proves to be harmful in the following ways-

  • One suffers from obesity.
  • Heart diseases are caused.
  • Digestion weakens.
  • One suffers from diabetes.
  • Stones may form in the abdomen.

Proper Quantity: A normal person should have 50 to 75 gms. of fats in his daily food.

PSEB 8th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Nutritious and Balanced Diet

Question 7.
Milk is a complete food. Explain it?
Answer:
Milk:
Milk is an ideal and whole food. It has got all the essential nutrients. It has 3.6% fat, 3.4% protein, 4.8% carbohydrates, 0.7% salts and 7.5% water. Milk is given to growing children because it is a complete food. At home, patient is also given milk which acts as complete food.
For good health, milk serves as a balanced diet.

All the essential nutrients as proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, salts, water, vitamins are available in milk in right proportion. All these nutrients have different functions to perform in our body. Milk is considered to be an ideal food as it has all the essential nutrients including vitamins, though it does not have iron.

Question 8.
What are the principles of cooking food?
Answer:
Cooking Food:
Properly cooked food is useful for health. Food must be cooked properly, if food is over cooked, it does loses some essential nutrients like vitamins C and D. Food must be cooked properly for the following reasons:

  • Properly cooked food becomes easily digestible.
  • By cooking food disease causing germs get killed.
  • Cooked food is tasty. One feels like eating it.
  • We can preserve the cooked food for long.

Methods of Cooking food:
The following methods for cooking food are generally followed-

  1. Boiling
  2. Cooking with steam
  3. Roasting
  4. Frying

These methods are explained in brief below:
1. Boiling:
In this method, food articles are cooked by boiling in water. But essential vitamins and mineral salts dissolve in water and are lost in this method of cooking. A little quantity of water should be used in boiling eatables. If water used in boiling is excessive, it should not be thrown. Rice, pulses, meat and vegetables are cooked by boiling.

2. Cooking with Steam:
Food is also cooked with steam. Essential nutrients do not get lost in cooking by this method. The food cooked in a steam cooker is nutritious and beneficial to health. So this method is considered to be better than other methods.

3. Roasting:
In this method, food is directly roasted on the fire. Excessive roasting also destroys essential nutrients. The roasted meat is tasty and easily digestible.

4. Frying:
There are many food items such as ‘pakora’, ‘samosa’ and “purian” which are fried. Food is cooked very soon by frying. But essential nutrients also get lost in this method. Moreover, fried food is not easily digestible, and is often harmful to one’s health. Best Method. Of all the methods of cooking, cooking with steam is the best. The food cooked in this way does not lose essential nutrients and it is very beneficial to one’s health.

PSEB 8th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Nutritious and Balanced Diet

Question 9.
Explain the rules of taking food.
Answer:

  • Always have your food at a fixed time. Untimely eaten food causes indigestion.
  • Wash your hands with soap before taking meals and always wear clean clothes. Nails should be cut and cleaned.
  • We should not eat too hot or too cold food. Hot food causes blisters or boils and cold food cannot be chewed properly.
  • Food should be taken in an adequate quantity, over-eating may cause indigestion.
  • Food should be chewed slowly and properly so that it can be digested easily.
  • Food should be nutritious and easily digestible.
  • Never take stale food because it causes food poisoning.
  • We should be happy while taking food. Never talk or watch T.V. while taking food.
  • Take dinner at least two hours before sleeping because it is dangerous to sleep immediately after taking a meal.
  • Rest a while after meals.

Question 10.
Right notes on the following:
(a) Roughage
(b) Water
(c) Minerals
(d) Cooking food.
Answer:
(a) Roughage:
Wheat, pulses, vegetables, fruits, dry fruits, milk, meat, fish are the main food products. The advantages of these are as under:
(i) Cereals:
Wheat, rice, grams, maize, barley are generally taken as food.

Advantages of Cereals:

  • These are helpful for the formation of our body.
  • Food provides energy to body.
  • They contain too much carbohydrates.
  • The outer parts of these food material provide iron, lime, vitamins and proteins.
  • They are very useful to remove constipation.

(ii) Pulses:
Soyabean, peas, turnip, almonds are counted in pulses. These pulses provide us vitamins A, B, and C. They also supply us with proteins, minerals, salt, iron and phosphorus.

Advantages of Pulses:

  • These provide energy.
  • Increase appetite.
  • Improve digestion.

(iii) Vegetables:
Cauliflower, palak, sarson ka saag, methi, carrots, walnut, turnip, tomatoes, potatoes, peas, cabbage and onion are the main vegetables.

Advantages of Vegetables:

  • Vegetables protect our body.
  • Vegetables maintain the health of a person.
  • They purify the blood.
  • They prevent constipation.

(b) Water:
Our body is composed of 2/3rd of water. It is formed of the combination of oxygen and hydrogen. It is as important as air for our body.
Sources. It is available in pure form in many nutrients also such as milk, fruit and vegetables.

Uses of Water:

  • Water helps in the formation of cells.
  • It carries nourishment to cells. It helps in the excretion of waste products from the body.
  • It helps in digestion of food.
  • It regulates the heat in our body.
  • It helps in mixing nutrients with blood.
  • It keeps the parts and joints of body soft.
  • It ensures blood circulation in the body.

Harms due to lack of Water:
There are many harms of drinking less water-

  • The food does not digest properly in case one drinks less water.
  • Liver remains heavy.
  • Constipation is caused.
  • One feels physical fatigue all the time.
  • The body gets weakened.
  • The face turns pale.
  • Waste products in the body do not get excreted properly.
  • One is afflicted with joint pains.
  • Stones are formed in kidneys.

Harms due to excess of Water:
Water should always be taken in right proportion. Liver remains filled by taking water in excess and one does not feel appetite. If one continues taking water with food, food does not digest properly.

Proper Quantity:
The quantity of water intake varies with season, exercise and food. Normally, 5-6 glasses of water a day are enough for a normal person.

(c) Minerals:
Our body has 4% of minerals and salts. Phosphorus, calcium, sodium, chlorine, potassium, magnesium, manganese, iodine and zinc are some prominent minerals.
PSEB 8th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Nutritious and Balanced Diet 4
Sources:
Minerals and salts are available in green vegetables, fruits, meat, milk. Milk has less amount of iron, but it has all other minerals.

Advantages of Minerals:
1. They help in the development of muscular tissues.
2. They make the blood red.
3. Calcium helps in blood clotting.
4. Iron is very important for the formation of blood.
5. Minerals help in the Topper functioning of all parts of the body.

Harms due to lack of Minerals:

  • The lack of calcium causes the weakening of teeth and bones.
  • Body loses its power of resistance to diseases.
  • The lack of iodine is the cause of goitre in the body.

(d) Cooking Food:
Properly cooked food is useful for health. Food must be cooked properly, if food is over cooked, it does loses some essential nutrients like vitamins C and D. Food must be cooked properly for the following reasons:

  • Properly cooked food becomes easily digestible.
  • By cooking food disease causing germs get killed.
  • Cooked food is tasty. One feels like eating it.
  • We can preserve the cooked food for long.

Methods of Cooking food:
The following methods for cooking food are generally followed-

1. Boiling
2. Cooking with steam
3. Roasting
4. Frying

These methods are explained in brief below:
1. Boiling:
In this method, food articles are cooked by boiling in water. But essential vitamins and mineral salts dissolve in water and are lost in this method of cooking. A little quantity of water should be used in boiling eatables. If water used in boiling is excessive, it should not be thrown. Rice, pulses, meat and vegetables are cooked by boiling.

2. Cooking with Steam:
Food is also cooked with steam. Essential nutrients do not get lost in cooking by this method. The food cooked in a steam cooker is nutritious and beneficial to health. So this method is considered to be better than other methods.

3. Roasting:
In this method, food is directly roasted on the fire. Excessive roasting also destroys essential nutrients. The roasted meat is tasty and easily digestible.

4. Frying:
There are many food items such as ‘pakora’, ‘samosa’ and “purian” which are fried. Food is cooked very soon by frying. But essential nutrients also get lost in this method. Moreover, fried food is not easily digestible, and is often harmful to one’s health. Best Method. Of all the methods of cooking, cooking with steam is the best. The food cooked in this way does not lose essential nutrients and it is very beneficial to one’s health.

PSEB 8th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Nutritious and Balanced Diet

PSEB 8th Class Physical Education Guide Nutritious and Balanced Diet Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Balanced diet contains:
(A) Protein
(B) Carbohydrates
(C) Fats and Mineral Salts
(D) Above all.
Answers:
(D) Above all.

Question 2.
How the protein is made?
(A) Carbon
(B) Oxygen
(C) Hydrogen
(D) None of them.
Answers:
(A) Carbon
(B) Oxygen
(C) Hydrogen

Question 3.
How many types of Protein?
(A) Two
(B) Three
(C) Four
(D) Five.
Answers:
(A) Two

Question 4
Write the sources of Fat:
(A) Fruits .
(B) Soyabeans
(C) Groundnuts
(D) All above.
Answers:
(A) Fruits .
(B) Soyabeans
(C) Groundnuts

PSEB 8th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Nutritious and Balanced Diet

Question 5.
Mention the types of carbohydrates
(A) Two
(B) Three
(C) Four
(D) Five.
Answers:
(A) Two

Question 6.
Important food is:
(A) Butter
(B) Fruits
(C) Almond or Milk
(D) None of these.
Answers:
(C) Almond or Milk

Question 7.
The rules of eating food:
(A) Always have your food at fix time.
(B) Wash your hands with soap before taking meal.
(C) Food should be chewed slowly.
(D) All above.
Answer:
(A) Always have your food at fix time.
(B) Wash your hands with soap before taking meal.
(C) Food should be chewed slowly.
(D) All above.

PSEB 8th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Nutritious and Balanced Diet

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the meaning of food?
Answer:
Those eatable things which satisfy our hunger and develop our body are called food.

Question 2.
Write down the salts, which are found in our food?
Answer:
Calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, magnesium, potassium, iodine, chlorine, and sulphur are salts found in our body.

Question 3.
Why the food cooked on steam is considered well?
Answer:
Because the food cooked by steam does not destroy the nutritious elements.

PSEB 8th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Nutritious and Balanced Diet

Question 4.
What is the percentage of water in our body?
Answer:
There is 60% of water in the body of a human being.

Question 5.
How many types of proteins are there? Write their names.
Answer:
Proteins are of two types:

  • Animal proteins
  • Vegetable proteins.

Question 6.
Mention sources of Animal Proteins
Answer:
It is available in meat, fish and milk.

Question 7.
Mention the three sources of Vegetable Proteins.
Answer:
It is available in soyabeans, groundnuts and cashew-nuts.

PSEB 8th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Nutritious and Balanced Diet

Question 8.
What are Carbohydrates?
Answer:
Carbohydrates contain Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen.

Question 9.
Mention the types of vitamins.
Answer:
Vitamins are of six types-A, B, C, D, E and K.

Question 10.
Lack of which vitamin causes night blindness?
Answer:
Lack of Vitamin A.

Question 11.
Lack of which vitamin causes Berry-Berry disease?
Answer:
Lack of Vitamin B.

Question 12.
Lack of which vitamin causes Scurvy disease?
Answer:
Lack of Vitamin B.

PSEB 8th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Nutritious and Balanced Diet

Question 13.
What is the cause of Pyoria?
Answer:
Lack of Vitamin C.

Question 14.
Lack of which vitamin causes infertility in women?
Answer:
Lack of Vitamin E.

Question 15.
Mention the vitamins which are not soluble in water?
Answer:
Vitamins C, D and K.

Question 16.
Which milk is useful for a child?
Answer:
Mother feed.

Question 17.
What are the various methods of cooking food? Name them.
Answer:

  • Boiling
  • Roasting
  • Frying
  • Cooking with steam.

PSEB 8th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Nutritious and Balanced Diet

Question 18.
How much quantity of proteins should we take in our daily meals?
Answer:
70 to 100 grams.

Question 19.
Describe the main constituents of carbohydrates.
Answer:
Starch and sugar.

Question 20.
Name the constituents of proteins.
Answer:
Carbon, Nitrogen, Hydrogen and Sulphur.

Question 21.
To whom do we call life giving?
Answer:
Vitamins.

Question 22.
Which vitamins are soluble?
Answer:
Vitamins B and C.

Question 23.
How much Fat do we require in our meals?
Answer:
50 to 70 gms.

PSEB 8th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Nutritious and Balanced Diet

Question 24.
Which disease is caused by lack of iron?
Answer:
Lack of Haemoglobin.

Question 25.
What should be kind of Dinning site?
Answer:
Clean and airy.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the meaning of food?
Answer:
Food is very important for our body because it helps in growth and development of our body. It repairs olcfcells and forms the new cells.
Food prevents us from diseases. We consider such thing as food which becomes part of our body after taking it and develops the body.

Question 2.
Why it is necessary for our body?
Answer:
Everybody needs food for living. Daily we take part in many activities or perform so many types of work. To perform these activities we need energy. This energy is derived from food.

Question 3.
What are the advantages of food?
Answer:

  • Food provides energy to the body.
  • Food helps growth and development of the body.
  • Food helps in the formation of new cells.
  • Food helps in repairing the broken cells.
  • Food helps in preventing diseases.

PSEB 8th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Nutritious and Balanced Diet

Question 4.
Name the main nutrients of food.
Answer:
The following are the constituents of food:

  • Proteins
  • Vitamins
  • Carbohydrates
  • Fats
  • Mineral Salts
  • Water.

Question 5.
How is water useful for our body?
Answer:
Our body needs water to live. We cannot live without water. Advantages of Water.

  • It carries nourishment to cells. It helps in the excretion of waste products from the body.
  • It regulates the heat in our body.
  • It helps digestion of food.
  • It helps in mixing nutrients with blood.
  • It keeps the parts and joints of the body soft.
  • It ensures blood circulation in the body.

PSEB 8th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Nutritious and Balanced Diet

Question 6.
Why it is compulsory to cook food?
Answer:
Need for cooking food. Properly cooked food is useful for health. Food must he cooked properly. If food is overcooked, it loses some essential nutrients like vitamins C and D. Food should be cooked for the following reasons:

  • Properly cooked food becomes easily digestible.
  • By cooking food disease-causing germs get killed.
  • Cooked food is tasty, one feels like eating it.
  • We can preserve the cooked food for long.

PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 3 Flower Cultivation

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Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Book Solutions Chapter 3 Flower Cultivation Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Agriculture Chapter 3 Flower Cultivation

Agriculture Guide for Class 9 PSEB Flower Cultivation Textbook Questions and Answers

(A) Answer 1-2 words:

Question 1.
Which is the major cut flower crop?
Answer:
Gladiolus.

Question 2.
Which is the major loose flower crop?
Answer:
Marigold.

Question 3.
How much area is under flower crops in Punjab?
Answer:
The area under cultivation of flowers in Punjab is around 2160 hectares out of which 1300 hectares area is under fresh flowers.

PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 3 Flower Cultivation

Question 4.
What are different types of flowering crops being cultivated in Punjab?
Answer:
Divided into two categories :

  • Loose flowers
  • Cut flowers.

Question 5.
When Gladiolus corms are planted in the field?
Answer:
September to mid-November.

Question 6.
Which month is suitable for making Chrysanthemum cuttings?
Answer:
End June to mid-July.

Question 7.
How Gerbera is propagated?
Answer:
Through tissue culture.

Question 8.
Which color of the rose is widely grown for loose flower production?
Answer:
Red Rose.

Question 9.
Which flowers are used for the extraction of oil?
Answer:
Flowers of Tuberose, Motia (Jasmine).

Question 10.
Which flower is generally grown in protected conditions?
Answer:
Gerbera.

(B) Answer in 1-2 sentences:

Question 1.
Define cut flowers and name the major cut flower crops under cultivation.
Answer:
These are flowers that are cut with long stems or branches. Some of the major cut flowers are Gladiolus, Gerbera, Chrysanthemum, Rose, and Lilium.

Question 2.
How Gladiolus spikes are harvested and stored?
Answer:
Gladiolus flower spikes are harvested when the basal floret is half or fully open. These cut spikes can be stored by keeping them in water for nine days in a cold store.

Question 3.
How the roses are propagated?
Answer:
Propagation of rose plants can be done

  • by T-budding for cut flower varieties
  • from stem cuttings for loose flowers.

Question 4.
Which months are suitable for raising the nursery of Marigold crop?
Answer:
For rainy season nursery is raised during last week of June to first week of July. For winter it is done in mid September and foT summer first week of January.

Question 5.
What is the planting time for winter season marigold?
Answer:
In winter season marigold is sown during the mid September.

PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 3 Flower Cultivation

Question 6.
Write harvesting stages of the following flowers :

  1. Gladiolus
  2. Rose as cut flower
  3. Motia.

Answer:

  1. Gladiolus. Harvesting is done when the basal floret is half or fully open.
  2. Rose as a cut flower. It is harvested at the tight bud (closed) stage.
  3. Motia. These are harvested at the unopened flower buds stage.

Question 7.
What is plant spacing in African and French marigolds?
Answer:
For African marigold spacing is 40 x 30 cm and for French marigold, spacing is 60 x 60 cm.

Question 8.
What is planting time of Gerbera ? For how many years Gerbera crop gives flowers?
Answer:
Planting time for Gerbera is September to October. This crop once planted can produce flowers for three years.

PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 3 Flower Cultivation Img 6

Question 9.
Write names of loose flowers and write their uses.
Answer:
Loose flowers are Rose, Marigold, Motia, Chrysanthemum etc. These flowers are used for making garlands, used for worshipping God and for other decorative purposes.

Question 10.
Which is the appropriate soil for Jasmine production?
Answer:
Light to heavy soil with good drainage are appropriate soils for Jasmine.

(C) Answer in 5-6 sentences:

Question 1.
What is the importance of flowers in human life?
Answer:
Flowers are very important in human life. These make the world around us beautiful and colourful. Flowers play an important role in cultural and customary events. During marriage ceremonies, birthdays, flowers are used to complete some customs and are also used for decorative purposes. Devotees present flowers to their gods in the temples and other religious places to show their respect, faith and devotion. Chief guests are welcomed by presenting flowers to them in the form of bouquets or garlands. Women use flower as part of their make up. Flower cultivation has become economically beneficial for the farmers. Thus flowers play an important role in our life.

Question 2.
What is the difference between cut flowers and loose flowers? Give examples.
Answer:

  • Loose flowers: These flowers are harvested without stem. Examples of such flowers are Marigold, Motia, Chrysanthemum etc. These are used for making garlands, for worshipping gods and for other decorative purposes.
  • Cut flowers: These flowers are harvested with a long stem or branch attached with them. These are marketed as such with stem. These are usually used for making bouquets e.g.Gladiolus, Chrysanthemum, Gerbera, Rose, Lilium etc.

Question 3.
Write a brief note on importance and cultivation of motia.
Answer:
It is one of the main flower among fragrant flowers. These flowers are used to extract fragrant oil. These are also used for worshipping gods.
Climate. Summer season and dry climate is suitable for their growth.

PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 3 Flower Cultivation Img 5

Soil. Light to heavy soils with good drainage are suitable. Appearance of flower. Flowers appear during the months of July—August.
Harvesting. Unopened flower buds are harvested for marketing.

Question 4.
Write a short note on transplanting, harvesting and yield of marigold.
Answer:
Marigold is one of the major loose flowers crop of our state. It is cultivated throughout the year. Soils of Punjab are found very appropriate for the cultivation of Marigold.
Sowing Nursery: For rainy season nursery is sown during last week of June to first week of July, for winter in mid September and for summer in first week of January. The seedlings are ready in a month of transplanting.
Varieties:L These are of two types—African and French.

PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 3 Flower Cultivation Img 4

  • Spacing: For African variety spacing should be 40 x 30 cm and for French variety spacing should be 60 x 60 cm.
  • Flowering: Flowering starts after 50-60 days of transplanting.
  • Harvesting: Fully opened flowers are harvested.
  • Yield: Average yield in rainy season is 200 quintal per hectare and in winter it is 150 to 170 quintal per hectare.

Question 5.
How the following flowers are propagated?
1. Gladiolus
Answer:
Gladiolus. It is propagated by planting corms in the field.

PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 3 Flower Cultivation

2. Tuberose
Answer:
Tuberose. These are propagated from underground bulbs.

3. Chrysanthemum
Answer:
Chrysanthemum. These are propagated by stem cuttings of plants. These are cut from old plants.

4. Gerbera.
Answer:
Gerbera. These plants are propagated through tissue culture.

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
How much area comes under fresh flower cultivation?
Answer:
1300 hectare.

Question 2.
What type of flowers are Gladiolus, Chrysanthemum, Gerbera?
Answer:
Cut flowers.

Question 3.
What type of flowers are Rose and Motia?
Answer:
Loose flower.

Question 4.
How Gladiolus plants are propagated?
Answer:
From corms.

Question 5.
What is the sowing time of corms of Gladiolus in the fields?
Answer:
From September to mid-November.

Question 6.
When can the cultivation of marigold be done?
Answer:
Throughout the year.

PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 3 Flower Cultivation

Question 7.
Which soil is good for the cultivation of Marigold?
Answer:
All soils of Punjab are suitable for the cultivation of Marigold.

Question 8.
Name the varieties of Marigold.
Answer:
African and French.

Question 9.
How much seed is required for raising seedlings for one acre?
Answer:
600 gram.

Question 10.
When is the nursery of Marigold sown for the rainy season?
Answer:
Last week of June to first week of July.

Question 11.
After how many days of transplanting Marigold the crop starts flowering?
Answer:
After 50-60 days.

Question 12.
What is the yield of Marigold in rainy season?
Answer:
Around 200 quintals per hectare.

Question 13.
What is the yield of Marigold in winter?
Answer:
150-170 quintal per hectare.

Question 14.
From which plants Chrysanthemum cutting are obtained?
Answer:
These are cut from old plants.

Question 15.
When the stem cuttings of Chrysanthemum are done?
Answer:
Last week of June to mid July.

Question 16.
When are stem cuttings of chrysanthemum planted in fields?
Answer:
Mid July to mid September.

Question 17.
Give plant spacing for Chrysanthemum.
Answer:
30 x 30 cm.

Question 18.
When does the flowers appear on the chrysanthemum?
Answer:
November-December.

Question 19.
At what height the cut stems are harvested above ground level?
Answer:
5 cm above the ground level.

Question 20.
When do we get rose flowers in Punjab?
Answer:
November to February-March.

Question 21.
What is the colour of Gerbera flowers?
Answer:
Red, orange, white, pink, yellow.

Question 22.
When are.Gerbera flowers planted?
Answer:
September to October.

Question 23.
How many types of Tuberose are there?
Answer:
Two types—single and double.

Question 24.
Which type of Tuberose is more fragrant?
Answer:
Single type.

PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 3 Flower Cultivation

Question 25.
When are the bulbs of tuberose planted?
Answer:
February-March.

Question 26.
When do the flowers of Tuberose appear?
Answer:
July-August.

Question 27.
Give yield of Tuberose.
Answer:
Cut flowers 80,000 or 2-2.5 tons of loose flowers per acre.

Question 28.
Name a fragrant giving flower.
Answer:
Motia.

Question 29.
What is the color of Motia flowers?
Answer:
White.

Question 30.
When do we get Motia flowers?
Answer:
April to July-August.

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
How to prepare bulbs of Gladiolus for planting in the next season?
Answer:
Corms are dug out from the soil after 6-8 weeks of harvesting the spikes. These corms are cleaned. These are dried in shade and are stored in a cold store for planting in the next season.

Question 2.
When is the nursery of marigold raised?
Answer:
Sowing Nursery. For the rainy season nursery is sown during last week of June to first week of July, for winter in mid September and for summer in first week of January. The seedlings are ready in a month of transplanting.

Question 3.
When are the cuttings for Chrysanthemum prepared?
Answer:
Stem cuttings are cut from the old plants which are known as mother stock from end June to mid July.

 

PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 3 Flower Cultivation Img 1

Question 4.
When do the flowers of Chrysanthemum appear and write about their harvesting?
Answer:
Chrysanthemum flowers appear in November-December. For cut flower use, stems are harvested 5 cm above ground whereas for loose flowers fully opened flowers are harvested.

PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 3 Flower Cultivation

Question 5.
When do the flowers of Rose appear and write about their harvesting?
Answer:
Rose flowers appear in November to February—March in Punjab. Cut flowers are harvested in tight bud stage and for loose flowers harvest in fully open stage.

PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 3 Flower Cultivation Img 2

Question 6.
Write about types of Tuberose.
Answer:
Tuberose flowers are of two types—single and double. Single types are more fragrant and oil can be extracted from these flowers

PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 3 Flower Cultivation Img 3

Question 7.
When are the bulbs of tuberose planted and when do the flowers appear?
Answer:
Bulbs are planted in February-March and flowers appear in July-August.

Long Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Write details of cultivation of Galdiolus.
Answer:

  • Gladiolus is main flower crop used as cut flower.
  • Seed: Gladiolus corms are used as seed.
  • Sowing time: September to mid-November.
  • Spacing: 30 x 20 cm
  • Harvesting: Spikes are harvested when basal floret is half or fully open.
  • Storing: Spikes can be stored by keeping them in water for nine days in cold store.
  • Next season seed: Dug out the corms from the soil from which flower spikes have been cut. Dug out these after 6-8 weeks after taking spikes. Clean and dry the corms in shade and store them in cold store of next season planting.

Question 2.
Write about cultivation of Chrysanthemum.
Answer:
Chrysanthemumilowers are used as cut flowers as well as loose flower. These can be planted is pots.

  • Preparing cuttings: Stem cuttings are prepared from old plants during last June to mid-July.
  • Sowing time: Cuttings are planted during mid-July to mid-September.
  • Plants spacing: 30 x 30 cm.
  • Appearance of flowers: November to December.
  • Harvesting: Cut flowers are harvested from 5 cm above the ground. But loose flowers are harvested when fully open.

PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Guide Flower Cultivation Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. ……………….. is the main cut flower crop :
(a) Marigold
(b) Rose
(c) Gladiolus
(d) None
Answer:
(c) Gladiolus

2. Produce obtained for tuberose is ……………….. loose flowers per acre.
(a) 2-2.5 ton
(b) 5 ton
(c) 20 ton
(d) 1 ton.
Answer:
(a) 2-2.5 ton

3. Gladiolus is propagated from the ………………..
(a) Corms
(b) Grafting
(c) Leaves
(d) All
Answer:
(a) Corms

4. Loose flower is :
(a) Marigold
(b) Rose
(c) Jasmine
(d) Gerbera
Answer:
(d) Gerbera

5. French flower is type of ………………..
(a) Marigold
(b) Rose
(c) Motia
(d) Gerbera.
Answer:
(a) Marigold

PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 3 Flower Cultivation

True/False:

1. In Punjab, area under flower cultivation is 5000 hectares.
Answer:
False

2. In Punjab, area under fresh flower cultivation is 13000 hectares.
Answer:
False

3. Gladiolus is propagated from the corms.
Answer:
True

4. For raising nursery of one acre of marigold 600 gram seed is required.
Answer:
True

5. Tuberose flowers are used as loose and cut flowers for oil extraction.
Answer:
True

Fill in the Blanks:

1. In Punjab, flower crops are mainly classified in ……………… categories, Loose flower, Cut flower.
Answer:
two

2. Cut flowers are harvested with their ………………
Answer:
long stems

3. Marigold is the main major ……………… crop of Punjab.
Answer:
loqse flower

4. Tuberose bulbs are planted during ………………
Answer:
February-March

5. Motia (Jasmine) flowers are of ……………… colored having good fragrance.
Answer:
white