Class 9 – PSEB Solutions

PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Solutions Chapter 5 Creative Thinking

October 21, 2024October 20, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Book Solutions Chapter 5 Creative Thinking Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Welcome Life Chapter 5 Creative Thinking

Welcome Life Guide for Class 9 PSEB Creative Thinking InText Questions and Answers

Textbook Page No. 28

1. Here are two maps of Punjab in front of you. In the first picture draw or write on the map about the present scenario of Punjab, What you see today.
2. In the second picture, draw or write about the scene you imagine and wish to see our ‘Future Punjab’.
PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Solutions Chapter 5 Creative Thinking Img 1

Answer:
Do it yourself with the help of -your creative thinking.

3. In our village, wastewater gets collected in a pond after domestic use. This water is not used for any useful purpose. Can we make this water useful or suggest some alternative for it. Write ten lines about it.
Answer:
By installing a water treatment plant in the village, domestic water of the village can be treated and then used to grow vegetables and flowers. It will save a lot of water and money can be earned as well by selling flowers and vegetables in the market.
PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Solutions Chapter 5 Creative Thinking Img 2

Textbook Page No. 29

Let’s think of some new ideas.

Question 1.
The water from the taps in your school seeps into the pond. How can we make proper use of it?
Answer:
A garden can be made in the school and flowers can be planted over there. Tap water can be given to the garden and flowers and we can save a lot of water.

Question 2.
Your father is a farmer. He only does farming. His income is low. What other activities related to agriculture, can you advise your father?
Answer:
There is enough talking these days about diversity in agriculture. I would also advise my father that if you want to make more profit in agriculture, you have to give up the old crops and start growing the new ones. For example, a fruit orchard can be planted and flowers can be cultivated. The profit in this is quite high.

Question 3.
In your school, rainwater gets collected in your ground and dries after several days. It produces mosquitoes and filth. What solution can we suggest?
Answer:
This problem can have two solutions. Firstly, rainwater can be pumped into the ground with the help of pipes so that the groundwater level should not fall down. Another way is to collect rainwater and use it to feed school gardens and trees. This can save a lot of water.

Question 4.
You have dreams to be someone great become in life. Which are the obstacles in the way of fulfillment of this dream? Which solutions are you thinking about?
Answer:
Everyone has a dream to become something in life and there are obstacles in the way of fulfilling that dream such as competition, homely atmosphere, money, etc. There is a solution to all these problems. For the competition, we can do a lot of hard work and fulfill our dream. The atmosphere of the family can be changed after having a discussion with family members. Money issue comes everywhere. This loan can be taken from the bank and can be repaid in installments. In this way, we can find the solution to every problem.

5. For example, you want to become a doctor.
Prepare its table by yourself as given below :
PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Solutions Chapter 5 Creative Thinking Img 3
Answer:
Do it yourself.

You want to outshine in studies by scoring high scores. Prepare a table as given below about your problem and solutions.
PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Solutions Chapter 5 Creative Thinking Img 4
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Guide Creative Thinking Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. The base of human life is ………………. thinking.
(a) Creative
(b) Personal
(c) Social
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Creative

2. A person with creative thinking wants to create something.
(a) Old
(b) New
(c) Personal
(d) Social
Answer:
(b) New

3. When the mother mixes the leftover vegetables in the dough and makes parathas at home, what type of thinking it is?
(a) Old
(b) Sarcastic
(c) Creative
(d) No one
Answer:
(c) Creative

4. Life can be ………………. with creative thinking.
(a) changed
(b) reminded
(c) static
(d) No one
Answer:
(a) changed

5. ………………… keeps coming up at every turn of life.
(a) New turns
(b) New issues
(c) New problems
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

6. To solve his problems, one needs to find ……………. solutions.
(a) New
(b) Old
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) New

7. Dasrath Manjhi lived in ……………..
(a) Jharkhand
(b) Gujrat
(c) Bihar
(d) Chattisgarh.
Answer:
(c) Bihar

8. Who is known as the ‘Mountain Man?
(a) Dasrath Manjhi
(b) Jyotiba Pauley
(c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(d) Swami Vivekanand.
Answer:
(a) Dasrath Manjhi

9. What important work was done by Dasrath Manjhi?
(a) Broke mountain
(b) Made road by cutting a mountain
(c) Dig a canal
(d) Cut down trees from the forest
Answer:
(b) Made road by cutting a mountain.

10. What is required to find a new solution to a problem?
(a) Thinking
(b) Behaviour
(c) Courage
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

11. We must know how to ……………………. ourselves in front of others.
(a) Express
(b) Spoil
(d) Destroy
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Express

Fill in the Blanks:

1. We face problems at every step of ………………….
Answer:
life

2. The skill of …………… can take us to great heights.
Answer:
expression

3. Rock Garden was made by ……………………..
Answer:
Nek Chand

4. Rock Garden is situated in ……………….
Answer:
Chandigarh

5. ………………… thinking is the base of human life.
Answer:
Creative

Tick the Right (✓) or Wrong (x) Statement:

1. Dasrath Manjhi made a road in a river.
Answer:
x

2. Nek Chand made Rock Garden.
Answer:
✓

3. Nature always creates something new.
Answer:
✓

4. Creative thinking brings changes.
Answer:
✓

5. There is a solution to every problem.
Answer:
✓

Match the Following:

(A)	(B)
Dasrath Manjhi	Chandigarh
Creative thinking	Bihar
Problems	Wish to create new
Nek Chand	Solution
Rock Garden	Rock Garden

Answer:

(A)	(B)
Dasrath Manjhi	Bihar
Creative thinking	Wish to create new
Problems	Solution
Nek Chand	Rock Garden
Rock Garden	Chandigarh

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
What is the base of human life?
Answer:
The basis of human life is creative thinking.

Question 2.
How students can do their work in a new way?
Answer:
Students can use creative thinking to do their work in a new way.

Question 3.
How can anything new be created?
Answer:
Something new can be created with creative thinking.

Question 4.
Does nature have any creative power?
Answer:
Yes, nature does have creative power.

Question 5.
How can we bring creative power into ourselves?
Answer:
By changing the way we look at things, we can put creative power into ourselves.

Question 6.
What does creative thinking mean?
Answer:
Creative thinking means the tendency to do something new, unique, and original.

Question 7.
When would a person with creative thinking get social respect?
Answer:
He gets social respect when he creates something new and develops himself.

Question 8.
What do we get at every turn of life?
Answer:
At every turn of life, we encounter new issues and new difficulties.

Question 9.
What man has achieved so far is the result of which thinking?
Answer:
Whatever man has achieved so far is the result of his creative thinking.

Question 10.
Who was Dasrath Manjhi ?
Answer:
Dasrath Manjhi lived in Bihar who worked hard for 22 years to make a road by cutting a mountain.

Question 11.
Why did Dasrath Manjhi make a road by cutting a mountain?
Answer:
Because his wife died by slipping from a hill and they did not reach the hospital on road due to lack of a road.

Question 12.
Who is known as the ‘Mountain Man’?
Answer:
Dasrath Manjhi is known as the ‘Mountain Man’

Question 13.
What is required to find new solutions?
Answer:
Finding new solutions requires thinking and courage.

Question 14.
What is the benefit of making the right decision at right time?
Answer:
The right decisions made at the right time make our lives more meaningful.

Question 15.
What type of age is the present age?
Answer:
The present age is the age of presenting oneself in front of others in a better way.

Question 16.
Who is successful in life?
Answer:
One who has the art of presenting himself along with knowledge becomes successful in life.

Question 17.
Why was Nek Chand famous?
Answer:
Because Nek Chand made Rock Garden from the waste products.

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Explain the development of creativity.
Answer:
The meaning of creativity is to create or to do something new, unique, and original. People with a creative mind, always think of new ideas and always try to express such ideas in a unique way. Different individuals have different qualities and traits. An individual with a creative mind uses this quality to develop himself and that’s why he gets social respect. Such focus can be associated with any field i.e. art, literature, science, etc. If such creativity will be developed among students, we can properly use their energy to create new ideas.

Question 2.
Write a note on Nature’s power of creativity.
Answer:
Nature is always creating something new around us. Crumbs sprouted on the branches of the trees. New fruits and flowers appear on the trees and plants. All the planets or the earth are constantly revolving around the sun. High mountains, rivers, lakes, waterfalls, everything is created by nature. We are also created by nature. There is an infinite power of nature that beings something new every day. In this way, we too must create something new so that the cycle of nature continues.

Question 3.
How can we find a new solution or a new path?
Answer:
We live in the world and live life. Every step we take in life brings us new twists and turns and we face many problems at every turn. Every day we face many difficulties. At that time it becomes important for us to find a solution to that problem. Everything that human beings have achieved from primitive man to the present day is the result of all the efforts that have been made to overcome the difficulties. When the need arises man thinks and finds ways to solve the problem. This is how new solutions or new paths are found.

Question 4.
“Necessity is the mother of invention”. Explain the statement with an example.
Answer:
It is true that necessity is the mother of invention. Here we can take the example of a thirsty crow who was moving here and there in search of water. Then he found a jug but the water was quite less. It was not possible for the crow to drink the water. Here crow found the new solution. Few stones were lying there around the jug. Crow picked stones one by one and put them in the Jug. The water level rose up. Crow drank the water and moved on. In this way whenever any need arises, we find a unique solution.

Question 5.
Why is Dasrath Manjhi called the ‘Mountain Man’?
Answer:
Dasrath Manjhi lived in Bihar and his village was surrounded by mountains or hills where he worked. Once his wife was coming to him to give lunch and died by slipping from a hill. The hospital was 55 km away and she did not reach the hospital on time so she died. That’s why Manjhi worked hard for 22 years. He cut the mountain and made a 360 feet long and 30 feet wide road. Initially, he was called crazy but once the road was built, he was given the name of the ‘Mountain Man’.

Question 6.
What is the significance of the art of presentation in today’s world?
Answer:
In today’s world, the art of presentation is of great importance. The meaning of the presentation is presenting oneself in front of the world in a better way. One who has knowledge along with the art of Presentation can achieve great success in life. No matter is which field the person is in, an individual with the art of presentation can achieve great heights. When we present ourselves, in front of others, in a better way, others can be highly impressed. In this way, this art is very important in the present age.

Long Answer Type Question:

Question 1.
What did you learn from this chapter? Explain in detail.
Answer:
We learned many things from the chapter such as :

Everyone must have a trait of creative thinking with which he can create something new.
Nature always creates something new. In the same way, we can also create something new.
While living in society, we face many problems and we need to find the best solution to such problems.
If a person thinks something, he can do it with hard work. For example, Dasrath Manjhi cut down a mountain and made a road.
While finding solutions to problems, we need to take the right decision at right time. It makes life meaningful.
Everyone must have the art of presentation, Knowledge, and art of presentation can make an individual quite successful.

Source-Based Question:

Question 1.
Read the source and answer the following questions.
A man named Dasrath Manjhi was a resident of Bihar. His village was surrounded by mountains. He worked between the hills. His wife Falguni Devi was coming to give him his lunch. She fell down from the hill. The hospital was 55 km away from his village. The actual distance was 15 km if there were no mountains in between. If his wife would have rushed to the hospital in time, she could have survived. So she died. With these thoughts in mind, Manjhi, constantly worked hard for 22 years to cut the mountain and made a 360 ft. long and 30 ft. wide road. At first, people made fun of him. by calling him crazy but once the road was built he came to be known as “The Mountain Man”.

1. Who was Dasrath Manjhi ?
Answer:
Dasrath Manjhi lived in Bihar who made a road by cutting a mountain.

2. How big was the road made by Manjhi?
Answer:
Manjhi worked hard for 22 years to cut the mountain and make a 360 feet long and 30 feet wide road.

3. Why is Dasrath Manjhi called the ‘Mountain Man’?
Answer:
Dasrath Manjhi is called the ‘Mountain Man’ because he cut the mountain and cut the road for the convenience of the public.

4. Why did Manjhi make a road by cutting a mountain?
Answer:
Manjhi’s wife slipped from a hill and died when she was coming to him to serve the lunch and that’s why he made a road so that people can reach the hospital very easily and quickly.

5. How did Manjhi’s wife die?
Answer:
She died by slipping from a hill while she was on the way to serve lunch to her husband Dasrath Manjhi.

PSEB 9th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Introduction to MS-Access

October 21, 2024October 20, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Computer Book Solutions Chapter 5 Introduction to MS-Access Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Computer Science Chapter 5 Introduction to MS-Access

Computer Guide for Class 9 PSEB Introduction to MS-Access Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

1. ………………. is a relational database management system.
(a) Excel
(b) Word
(c) Powerpoint
(d) Access
Answer:
(d) Access

2. ………………… is the main part of the database.
(a) Query
(b) Table
(c) Form
(d) Module
Answer:
(b) Table

3. One field is the collection set of ………………..
(a) Database
(b) Tables
(c) Data items
(d) Forms
Answer:
(c) Data items

4. Queries are used for tables to convert, …………….., ………………… and ………………..
(a) Store, Forms, Update
(b) For delete, Create table, Update
(c) For Store, Paste, Copy
(d) Copy Queries, Make modules, create reports
Answer:
(b) For delete, Create table, Update

5. Important setting for a field is called ………………..
(a) Database
(b) Macro
(c) Data types
(d) Reports
Answer:
(c) Data types

2. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the name of components of MS-Access.
Answer:
M-S Access has various components. All of the components along with their descriptions are shown below :
Table. Access 2010 Program Window Elements

Name	Description
Title bar	Appears at the top of the program window and displays the name of the database and the program. The buttons on the right side of the Title bar are used to minimize, maximize, restore, and close the program window.
Quick Access toolbar	Appears on the left side of the Title bar and contains frequently used commands that are independent of the tab displayed on the Ribbon.
Ribbon Extends	Extends across the top of the program window, directly below the Title bar, and consists of a set of tabs, each of which contains groups of related commands.
Navigation pane	Appears on the left side of the program window and displays a list of all the objects in a database.
Object window	Appears below the Ribbon and displays open database objects.
Status bar	Appears at the bottom of the program window and displays information about the database and provides access to certain program functions.

Question 2.
Write data types that are used in MS-Access.
Answer:
Data is stored in the computer according to its type. MS-Access supports various data types which are :
Text. The field can contain any characters. The Field Size property defines the maximum number of characters. The maximum cannot be above 255 characters.
Memo. Like a text field, but the maximum number of characters is 65,535. Access takes more time to process a memo field, so use text fields if adequate.
Number. The field can contain a number. The Field Size property defines what kind of number. ,,
Integer. A small integer. It must be in the range -32,768 to +32,767 (a 16-bit integer).

Long Integer. It must be in the range of around -2,140 million to +2,140 million (a 32-bit integer).
Single. A decimal number in the range from -3.4*1038 to +3.4*1038 with an accuracy of 6 or 7 significant digits (a 32-bit floating-point number).
Double. A decimal number in the range from -1.8*10308 to +1.8*10308 with 14 significant digits (a 64-bit floating-point number).
Decimal. A very long integer with a decimal point placed somewhere. Intended for monetary calculations where rounding must be strictly controlled. In the book, we use Single or Double instead.

Question 3.
What are the advantages of MS-Access?
Answer:
Various advantages of using MS Access are :
1. Easy to install and use —Access gives data managers a fully functional, relational database management system in minutes. Like many other Microsoft applications, Access contains Wizards that walk you through each step of the way. The user interface is intuitive; accelerating data information retrieval.

2. Ease to integrate—Access works well with many of the developing software programs based in Windows. It also can be used in the front-end as back-end tables with products like Microsoft SQL Server and non-Microsoft products like Oracle and Sybase.

3. NET-friendly—Access is a go-to choice for users who plan to develop software using .NET; linking to Access database. Its graphical user interface also offers easy functionality and setup.

4. Widely popular—Microsoft Access is the most popular desktop database system in the world.

Question 4.
What do you mean by record?
Answer:
A record is sometimes referred to as a row, while a field is also known as a column. There are several ways to delete, add or edit records in a table using Microsoft Access. Users can directly manipulate records in Datasheet view. A query can be created and designed to edit and view records by simply running the query. Alternatively, a form can also be designed and created based on a database query or table then used to manipulate records.

Question 5.
What is table 7-Name the different ways to create a table?
Answer:
A table is a database object that you define and use to store data. Each table contains information about a particular subject (such as customers). A table consists of records and fields. Each record contains data about one instance of the table subject (such as a particular customer). Each record consists of one or more fields. Each field contains data about one aspect of the table subject (such as a customer’s first name or email address). Because other database objects depend so heavily on tables, you should always start your design of a database by creating all of its tables, and then creating any other objects. In Datasheet view, a table is similar in appearance to an Excel worksheet in that data is stored in rows (records) and columns (fields). The first row contains column headers (field names). In this format, the table is often simply referred to as a datasheet.

There are two ways to create a table in MS Access which are:

Creating Tables in Datasheet View
Creating Tables in Design View

Question 6.
What do you mean by Form?
Answer:
A Form is a database object which allows you to view the data one record at a time, unlike a Table where you can view the data as a continuous list of records. A Form is a convenient tool for data entry purposes because it allows the user to see all the Field entries in a single record at one time, unlike the Table view (the Datasheet View) which will often be unable to show all the data fields of a single record across the screen.

Question 7.
What is the report?
Answer:
A report is an object in Microsoft Access that is used to display and print your data in an organized manner. The Navigation Pane is where you can find all of the saved reports in the database. To view your reports, make sure that all objects are visible in the Navigation Pane. To do this, click on the Navigation Pane menu and select “Object Type” from the popup menu. Click on the Navigation Pane menu one more time and select “All Access Objects” from the popup menu. Now the Navigation Pane should display all of the tables, queries, forms, reports, and modules that are in your database. You should now be able to see all of your report objects.

3. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the instructions to design the database? Explain it.
Answer:
Various instructions to create a Database are :
The rule of thumb that should guide you, when planning a database, is that it becomes increasingly difficult to make changes the further along you go in the process of building a new database. If you think about it, this is true of anything you create. Here, then, are some words of wisdom that you should bear in mind when designing a database.

Taking your time upfront saves time later on:
The database you create will have a long, useful life if you take the time to plan it carefully. After you have decided on the fields to include with each record, and before you create the database, you should still invest time designing layouts for reports. Thinking about reports will cause you to think about what data you plan to put in the database.

Teamwork helps:
During the planning stage, run your ideas by others who are familiar with the kind of database you have in mind. Network among your friends. Tell them what you have in mind. Ask them to review your design. You’ll be surprised how many valuable ideas they’ll come up with that may have escaped you if you had relied on your own resources. Another good idea is to involve your students in the design. This will help them learn skills that will benefit them throughout their lives.

Keep fields simple:
The more “atomic” your fields the more flexible will be your database. Atomic here means “reduced to its simplest form.” For example, in a database of names and addresses, you would keep each part of the person’s name as a separate field. The first name should be stored by itself; the same for the middle name and last name. That way you can sort the names by first or last name. You can print a listing last name first or first name last, with or without the middle name, and so on. You will have choices. Lumping the whole name under one field limits your options.

Question 2.
Write steps to make table through datasheet view.
Answer:
Creating Tables in Datasheet View: In the Datasheet view, you can enter data into a new table without first defining the table’s structure.

To create a table in Datasheet view :
On the Create tab, in the Tables group, click the Table button. A new, blank table opens in the Object window in Datasheet view.
Adding Fields by Entering Data. You can add a new field to the table by entering data in the Click to Add column (the last column) of the datasheet; Access will automatically assign a data type based on the data that you enter.
To add a field by entering data :

1. Click in the first cell in the Click to Add column, enter the first item of data for the new record, and then press the Tab or Enter key to move to the first cell in the column to the right. Access assigns the value 1 to the ID field, assigns the name Field to the second field, and moves the Click to Add label to the third column. The icon on the row selector changes to a pencil to indicate that the record has been changed, but has not yet been saved, and the asterisk (*) icon moves to the row selector of the next row.

2. Click the pencil icon in the row selector. This saves the first record with the value 1 assigned to the ID field; subsequent records will be numbered sequentially.

3. Continue entering items of data in consecutive cells, and pressing the Tab or Enter key.

4. When you finish entering all the data for the first record, click anywhere in the row below to save the record. After you complete the first record of a new table, you should change the default field names to something more meaningful. For instructions, see the Renaming Field section of this handout. After you enter several rows of data, it is a good idea to save the table. For instructions, see the Saving Table section of this handout.

Question 3.
How does the table create in design view? Write steps.
Answer:
To create a table in Design view various steps are:

1. On the Create tab, in the Tables group, click the Table Design button. A new, blank table opens in the Object window in Design view.

To define fields various steps are:

In the Field Name column, type a name for the first field.
In the Data Type column, click the down arrow and select a data type from the list (see Figure). The Field Properties pane displays the available properties for the selected data type.
In the Description column, type a description for the field.
Repeat steps 1 through 3 to add additional fields to the table. After you add all of your fields, you must save the table before you can add any data.

Question 4.
What are the filters? Write steps to implement it.
Answer:
Filters allow you to view only the data you want to see. When you create a filter, you set criteria for the data you want to display. The filter then searches all of the records in the table, finds the ones that meet your search criteria, and temporarily hides the ones that don’t. Filters are useful because they allow you to focus on specific records without being distracted by the data you’re uninterested in. For instance, if you had a database that included customer and order information, you could create a filter to display only customers living within a certain city or only orders that contain a certain product. Viewing this data with a filter won11 be far more convenient than searching for it in a large table.

Steps to create a filler
1. Click the drop-down arrow next to the field you want to filter by. We will filter by city because we want to see a list of customers who live in a certain city.
2. A drop-down menu with a checklist will appear. Only checked items will be included in the filtered results. Use the following options to determine which items will be included in your filter :

Select and deselect items one at a time by clicking their checkboxes. Here, we will deselect all of the options except for Cary.
Click Select All to include every item in the filter. Clicking Select All a second time will deselect all items.
Click Blank to set the filter to find only the records with no data in the selected field.

3. Click OK.

Question 5.
What is sorting? How do you implement it on your document?
Answer:
Sorting is the tool in MS Access that lets you organize your data. When you sort data, you are putting it in some order. When you sort records, you are putting them into a logical order, with similar data grouped together. For example, the information in a database belonging to a bakery could be Sorted in a number of ways:

Orders could be sorted by order date or by the last name of the customers who placed the orders.
Customers could be sorted by name or by the city or zip. code where they live.
Products could be sorted by name, category (like pies, cakes, and cupcakes), or price.

You can sort both text and numbers in two ways: in ascending order and descending order. Ascending means going up, so an ascending sort will arrange numbers from smallest to largest and text from A to Z. Descending means going down, or largest to smallest for numbers and Z to A for text. First, you have to move to the column on which the sort is to be based:

Press <Tab> to move to the Surname field
Click on [Ascending] in the Sort & Filter group on the Home tab of the Ribbon. The names of the students are now in alphabetical order. Note that only the screen display is sorted – the records are still stored in the order in which they were typed, and they always will be.
Use the [Remove Sort] button to reset the data to its original unsorted order.

PSEB 9th Class Computer Guide Introduction to MS-Access Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the Blanks

1. ………………… is the main file of the database.
(a) Table
(b) Field
(c) Database
(d) Record
Answer:
(c) Database

2. ………………. provides facility to store data.
(a) Row
(b) Column
(c) Table
(d) Field
Answer:
(c) Table

3. ………………… is the special setting of the field.
(a) Data
(b) Database
(c) Data type
(d) Data field
Answer:
(c) Data type

4. …………….. is a unique Key.
(a) Secondary
(b) Candidate
(c) Foreign
(d) Primary
Answer:
(d) Primary

True or False

1. Access is a product of Microsoft company
Answer:
True

2. Forms are used to view data.
Answer:
False

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is Query?
Answer:
A query allows the user to view, change, and analyze data in different ways like combining data from two different tables (Customers and Orders) to create a user’s own custom view (London Orders for April). Can also be used as the source of records for forms, reports, and data access pages.

Question 2.
Define form and report in Ms access.
Answer:
Form: A form allows a user to enter/change/update data to the table(s)
Report: A report is an effective way to output your data in a printed format in the way you want it

Question 3.
Explain how you can import data from other sources into the Access database?
Answer:
To import data into the Access database :

In the main menu, click on EXTERNAL DATA, in the Import and Link group
Choose the type of file you want to import
To know which type of file can be imported or link the Access database, follow the instruction in the Get External Data wizard

Question 4.
Explain what is the size limitation for an Access database?
Answer:
The Access 2.0 database has a size limitation of 1 gigabyte.

Question 5.
Between different data’s what are types of relationships can be formed?
Answer:
The table contains your data can build three types of relationships:

One-to-one relationships: A single piece of data in one table is linked with a single data in another table.
One-to-many relationship: A single piece of data in a table is linked to several data’s in another table
Many-to-many relationship: Where several data’s in one table is related to several other data’s in another table

Question 6.
Explain how you can build a relationship between the different databases in Access?
Answer:
When you establish a relationship between two data, the first table for your data is referred to as the primary key while the new field in another data is called a foreign key.

Question 7.
Name some of the file extensions for MS Access.
Answer:
One of the file extensions for MS Access is

Access database.accdb
Access project.adp
Access project.mdw .
Access blank project template.adn
Access workgroup.mdw
Protected access database.accde

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain how you can create a form in Microsoft Access 2013?
Answer:
Forms allow inserting data across multiple tables. There are different methods for creating forms but with the Form Wizard method, you can always modify the form later using Design View. To create a form

From the main menu, click on CREATE and then choose the FORM option
It will create a new form in Layout view, based on the fields in the Customer table
Scroll the drop-down arrow under the View icon and select Form View. This is how the user will see the form.
On the form, you will see fields like Customer, First Name, Last Name, and Date Created
After filling in all details in the form, you can see the newly created record with data in the table
Once you completed filling the field in the form, confirm that you click on the save button on the top of the ribbon

Question 2.
In MS Access 2013 what are the different ways you can enter data?
Answer:
Different methods you can enter data in MS Access are

Datasheet View
Form
SQL View
Import from External Data (XML, Data Services, HTML, etc.)

Question 3.
How do you import data from another access database?
Answer:
The process of importing data from another Access database follows these general steps they are. % Preparing the document for import operation and make sure that extensions are not in .mde or .accde because in that extension you can import only tables. % Source should be closed automatically when the process is completed % Make sure that you have permission to reading and write.

Question 4.
What types of applications can we build with Microsoft Access?
Answer:
There really is no limit on the types of applications that can be built with Microsoft Access. Accounting, order management, inventory, contact management, estimating, and project management are just a few types. For example, some companies find that available accounting software packages do not give them the flexibility they need to capture their accounting information and choose to build a custom Access application designed specifically for their business needs. The same holds true for order and inventory management.

Microsoft makes available many Microsoft Access templates for common needs such as contact management, inventory, etc. which can be customized further to meet a particular business need. These templates are available on the Microsoft.com website. Regardless of whether an existing template exists, Microsoft Access can Be used to design powerful, multi-user applications that can drive extraordinary efficiencies in your business.

PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Solutions Chapter 7 Decision Making

October 21, 2024October 20, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Book Solutions Chapter 7 Decision-Making Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Welcome Life Chapter 7 Decision Making

Welcome Life Guide for Class 9 PSEB Decision Making InText Questions and Answers

Textbook Page No. 39-40-41

Activity song that asks questions.

Those who answer are brilliant.

1. To wake up late or rise early
Which habit is good?
Answer::
To rise early.

2. Neat clothes / dirty clothes. What is suitable?
Answer:
Neat clothes.

3. One time / Always late.
Who will rise high?
Answer:
On-time.

4. Hardworker / Copycat Who is the wise child?
Answer:
Hard worker.

5. Decent child / Mischievous Who will score well?
Answer:
Decent child.

6. Happy child / Irritated Who will get more love?
Answer:
Happy child.

7. Responsible / Careless Which is bad?
Answer:
Careless.

8. Cheat / Genuine Who will live long?
Answer:
Genuine.

9. Truth / Lie Which is good?
Answer:
Truth.

10. Active / Lazy
Who will reach the destination?
Answer:
Active.

11. Wellwisher / Enemy Which is the bad way?
Answer:
Enemy.

12. To be together / To fight What should we do?
Answer:
To be together.

13. Sweet talk / To be abusive Which habit is bad?
Answer:
To be abusive.

14. To be obedient or quarrelsome
Which behavior is good?
Answer:
To be obedient.

15. Burger, Noodles, Fruits, Salad Which is good for health?
Answer:
Fruits, salad.

16. Cold drink / Lassi
Which is healthy?
Answer:
Lassi.

17. Watching movies / Exercise physical
Affect eyes badly?
Answer:
Watching movies.

Textbook Page No. 41

Practice

Question 1.
Which habits do you like?
Answer:

I like my habit that I do any work with utmost diligence and keeping on working for it till it is completed.
I do everything with full concentration so that the work should be done in the best possible way.
I am punctual. I knew the urgency of the situation and would finish the work before its too late.

Question 2.
Write about those habits of you which you don’t like.
Answer:

I get so obsessed with completing any task that I don’t even notice anything.
I want everyone to follow and obey me which is not possible.
I get angry at people very quickly which is wrong. I should talk peacefully with other people.

Question 3.
Do you use the Internet?
Answer:
Yes.

Question 4.
Do you play video games?
Answer:
No.

Question 5.
For how much time do you give spend on your mobile phone?
Answer:
15 minutes.

Question 6.
Give an example about the bad effects of drug addiction from our surroundings.
Answer:
Drugs cause many deaths which ruin their families.

PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Guide Decision Making Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. ………………… is of great importance in life.
(a) Decision
(b) Not taking a decision
(c) Lie
(d) Jealousy
Answer:
(a) Decision

2. One right decision can …………….
(a) Destroy the life
(b) Change the life
(c) Stops the life
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Change the life

3. While taking a decision we must :
(a) think of the short term consequences
(b) think of the long term consequences
(c) don’t think of the consequences
(d) none of these.
Answer:
(b) think of the long-term consequences.

4. Decisions in ………………… age are taken with the help of friends.
(a) adolescent
(b) young
(c) old
(d) early
Answer:
(a) adolescent

5. We must adopt ………….. habits.
(a) good
(b) bad
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) none of these.
Answer:
(a) good

6. There is a need to identify ………………
(a) good habits
(b) personality
(c) bad habits
(d) all of these
Answer:
(c) bad habits.

7. To reach our destination ……………….
(a) there is a need to move in the right direction.
(b) don’t care about direction.
(c) do the work without thinking
(d) all of these.
Answer:
(a) there is a need to move in the right direction.

8. …………….. is a must to complete any work.
(a) Dishonesty
(b) Dedication
(c) Ego
(d) No one.
Answer:
(b) Dedication.

Fill in the Blanks:

1. We must know us………………..
Answer:
destination

2. ……………….. is must to reach our destination.
Answer:
education

3. Misuse of …………………. can take us in the wrong direction.
Answer:
social media

4. ………………. is of great importance in life.
Answer:
Decision

5. Don’t take any decision under anyone……………….
Answer:
pressure

Tick the Right (✓) or Wrong (x) Statement:

1. Taking a decision is a must.
Answer:
x

2. Take decisions under someone’s pressure.
Answer:
x

3. Just think about long-term consequences before making a decision.
Answer:
✓

4. Dedication is a must to complete any
Answer:
✓

5. We must leave bad habits.
Answer:
✓

Match the Following:

(A)	(B)
Decision	Good habit
Completing work	Right time
Effect of friends	Dedication
Taking drugs	Adolescent age
Be honest	Bad habit

Answer:

(A)	(B)
Decision	Right time
Completing work	Dedication
Effect of friends	Adolescent age
Taking drugs	Bad habit
Be honest	Good habit

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
What is the importance of right decisions in life,?
Answer:
Right decisions can change the whole life.

Question 2.
What should be kept in mind while taking decisions?
Answer:
We should be kept in mind that what could be the long-term effect of that decision.

Question 3.
By whom the decisions are influenced in adolescent age?
Answer:
In adolescent age, decisions are influenced by friends.

Question 4.
What is necessary to reach any destination?
Answer:
Movement in the right direction is necessary to reach any destination.

Question 5.
What type of problem drug abuse is?
Answer:
Drug abuse is a social problem.

Question 6.
What is the disadvantage of misusing social media?
Answer:
Misuse of social media can lead us in a- wrong direction.

Question 7.
How can we come to know that our dedication is in the right direction?
Answer:
If we know about our destination, we realize that our dedication is in the right direction.

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
How do we need to make decisions? Write a note on it.
Answer:
We live in social life in which we have to make many decisions. So decisions are quite important in life and one right decision can bring a great change in life. But while taking decisions, we need to look into all of its aspects. We need to think about the long-term effects of any decision. Decisions taken in the adolescent age are not influenced by parents but by friends.

Question 2.
What is the importance of good and bad habits in life?
Answer:
Everyone is having a few good and bad habits. The main thing is which part is more strong. If good habits are more and bad habits are less then the person will definitely do progress in life. But if bad habits are more in number then life can be ruined. That’s why it is a must for us to shunt out bad habits and adopt good habits.

Question 3.
Why is it necessary to give the right direction to one’s dedication?
Answer:
There is no denying the fact that it is necessary to give the right direction to one’s dedication. Everyone is having an aim in his life and there is a need to move in the right direction to reach that aim. If we will move in the wrong direction, we will not be able to achieve our aim. There are many things that give us stability but a few things attract us as well. We must be attracted to right things. For example, drugs attract us but we must not get attracted.

Long Answer Type Question:

Question 1.
What did you learn from this chapter?
Answer:
We learned many things from this chapter such as :

We take a lot of decisions in life and therefore decisions are very important in our life.
Because we make so many decisions in life, even one decision can change our life.
When making any decision, we should think about all aspects of that decision. It is also important to think about the far-reaching consequences of that decision,
No decision should be made under pressure. If something is not right then it should not be done.
Everyone has some good and bad habits. We must give up bad habits and adopt good ones.
Everyone has a goal. It is important to direct your dedication to achieve the goal. We must not get attracted to bad things.

Source-Based Question:

Question 1.
Read the source and answer the questions that follow :
Seerat was the only child of his parents. He was too pampered. His school friends used to smoke. They used to offer cigarettes to Seerat. His parents had told him about right and wrong. Seerat used to refuse to smoke. One day, his friends started making fun of him. He got annoyed and smoked slowly he got addicted to it.

1. Should Seerat have refused to smoke strictly?
Answer:
Yes, Seerat should have refused to smoke.

2. If you would have been in Seerat’s place, what you would have done?
Answer:
I definitely would have refused to smoke and complained to teachers about this.

3. What strength do we have to say ‘no’?
Answer:
A great determination is needed to say ‘no’ to anything which is wrong.

4. What did Seerat’s friends do in school?
Answer:
Seerat’s friends frequently smoked cigarettes in school.

5. What did Seerat do in anger?
Answer:
Once Seerat’s friends made fun of him. Seerat became angry and smoked, Gradually he got addicted to it.

PSEB 9th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Internet Applications

October 21, 2024October 20, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Computer Book Solutions Chapter 6 Internet Applications Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Computer Science Chapter 6 Internet Applications

Computer Guide for Class 9 PSEB Internet Applications Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

1. ‘Gmail’ is a free email service provided by …………………
(a) Yahoo
(b) Google
(c) Rediffmail
(d) Hotmail
Answer:
(b) Google

2. Every machine on the Internet has a unique number assigned to it, called an ……………
(a) Address
(b) E-mail
(c) ID
(d) Unique IP Address
Answer:
(d) Unique IP Address

3. A …………… is a type of test used in computing to determine whether or not the user is human.
(a) CAPTCHA
(b) DERTSA
(c) HEPTCHA
(d) NEPHCA
Answer:
(a) CAPTCHA

4. ………………. is a type of malware designed to provide unauthorized, remote access to a user’s computer.
(a) Spyware
(b) Trojan
(c) Malware
(d) Horse
Answer:
(c) Malware

5. TV and radio on the Internet are examples of …………….. media.
(a) Streaming
(b) Limited
(c) Online
(d) Offline
Answer:
(a) Streaming

2. True/False

1. Spyware is an e-mail fraud method in which the wrongdoer sends out legitimate-looking emails in an attempt to gather personal and financial information from recipients.
Answer:
True

2. Google Drive does not allow us to store and share files online.
Answer:
False

3. The best way to deal with the threat of a computer virus is to use antivirus software.
Answer:
True

4. In BCC we type the addresses of people we want to send a copy of the mail to, without the other recipients knowing.
Answer:
True

5. Digital signatures are created and verified by means of biography.
Answer:
False

3. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a CAPTCHA code?
Answer:
Short for completely automated public hiring test to tell computers and humans apart, a technique used by a computer to tell if it is interacting with a human or another computer. Because computing is becoming pervasive, and computerized tasks and services are commonplace, the need for increased levels of security has led to the development of this way for computers to ensure that they are dealing with humans in situations where human interaction is essential to security. Activities such as online commerce transactions, search engine submissions, Web polls, Web registrations, free e-mail service registration, and other automated services are subject to software programs, or bots, that mimic the behavior of humans in order to skew the results of the automated task or perform malicious activities, such as gathering e-mail addresses for spamming or ordering hundreds of tickets to a concert.

Question 2.
What do you mean by Google Apps?
Answer:
Google Apps is a package of cloud-based services that can provide your company or school with a whole new way to work together online—not just using email and chat, but over video conferences, social media, real-time document collaborations, and more. .

Question 3.
What is Digital Signature?
Answer:
Digital signatures are the public-key primitives of message authentication. In the physical world, it is common to use handwritten signatures on handwritten or typed messages.

Question 4.
Write the process of sending an e-mail.
Answer:
Different steps to send and receive mail are :

Open your Gmail account by clicking on the Gmail link on the Google search page.
Click the button labeled ‘Compose’.
Go to the To: box. In the To: box type in the email address of the person you would like to send an email to. If there are multiple people you want to send it to, click on the Add Cc and Add Bcc buttons.
Type the email subject. The subject lets people know what the email is going to be about.
Type your message in the big box below the subject box.
Click the Send button below the message box.
Wait until the person you sent the email replies.

Question 5.
Write the basic steps of downloading.
Answer:
Follow these steps for downloading software, games, or any other files from the Internet if you use a PC running Windows XP, Vista, or Windows 7.

If you don’t already have one, create a Temporary Files folder by opening Windows Explorer, highlighting your hard drive (typically the c: drive), then selecting File/New/Folder. When the folder appears, name it Temp files.
Once you locate the software you want to download, click on the link to begin the download process.
First, you will be asked if you want to save the file. Click the Save button, then locate the Temp file folder on your hard drive and double-click to open it. Next, click the Save button.
You can watch the file as it downloads.

Question 6.
What is cloud printing?
Answer:
cloud printing. Printing from a computer or mobile device to a remote printer via the Internet (the cloud). For example, users can snap photos on a smartphone and send them to a printer at their home or office. Cloud printing apps are available for smartphones and tablets that work with almost any printer. Printing to the cloud. It refers to scanning a photo or document on an Internet-connected multifunction printer and sending it directly from the device to a photo or document sharing service on the Internet.

Question 7.
Name four anti-virus software.
Answer:
Four anti-viruses are:
a. AVG
b. McAfee
c. Norton
d. Kaspersky

4. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is IP Address? Explain.
Answer:
Unique IP Address
A Unique IP is an IP address that is specific to your domain. When you add hosting to a domain/subdomain, it’s assigned an IP on the Apache server which is shared with other sites. This shared IP address is most often the only IP you’ll need. However, certain applications may require you to add a Unique IP to your site. You can add a Unique IP to any Fully Hosted domain/subdomain hosted at DreamHost on the page.

Need of a Unique IP
Unique IPs are most commonly used with domains that have secure hosting enabled. While it is possible to use secure hosting without a Unique IP, some older browsers which do not support Server Name Indication display a certificate warning when viewing your site. While not a comprehensive list, this includes :

Windows XP versions of Internet Explorer.
The default browser in Android 2.4 is “Gingerbread” and earlier. (4.0 “Ice Cream Sandwich” and later will work correctly.)
Various older mobile browsers, including BlackBerry, Symbian OS, and older versions of Opera Mobile.

If you expect a significant number of the visitors to your secure site to be using these browsers, you will need a Unique IP.

Benefits of a Unique IP Address :
There are a lot of reasons why it is recommended to use a Dedicated IP address for a website, hosted on a Shared server, but we shall look through the main ones here:

It provides higher stability
It grants access to your website anytime you need
It is beneficial for the email sender’s reputation
It is good for a business identity
It is required for particular third-party applications/ scripts

Question 2.
Explain any three Google Apps.
Answer:
Google Docs
Google Docs is an online word processor that lets you create and format text documents and collaborate with other people in real-time. Here’s what you can do with Google Docs:

Upload a Word document and convert it to a Google document
Add flair and formatting to your documents by adjusting margins, spacing, fonts, and colors — all that fun stuff
Invite other people to collaborate on a document with you, giving them edit, comment, or view access
Collaborate online in real-time and chat with other collaborators — right from inside the document „
View your document’s revision history and roll back to any previous version
Download a Google document to your desktop as a Word, Open Office, RTF, PDF, HTML, or zip file
Translate a document to a different language ‘
Email your documents to other people as attachments

Google Sheets
Google Sheets is an online spreadsheet app that lets you create and format spreadsheets and simultaneously work with other people. Here’s what you can do with Google Sheets :

Import and convert Excel, .csv, .txt, and .ods formatted data to a Google spreadsheet
Export Excel, .csv, .txt and .ods formatted data, as well as PDF and HTML files
Use formula editing to perform calculations on your data, and use formatting to make it look the way you’d like
Chat in real-time with others who are editing your spreadsheet
Create charts with your data
Embed a spreadsheet — or individual sheets of your spreadsheet — on your blog or website

Google Slides
Google Slides is an online presentations app that allows you to show off your work in a visual way. Here’s what you can do with Google Slides:

Create and edit presentations
Edit a presentation with friends or coworkers, and share it with others effortlessly
Import .pptx and .pps files and convert them to Google presentations
Download your presentations as a .pdf, .ppt, .svg, .jpg, or .txt file
Insert images and videos into your presentation
Publish and embed your presentations on a website

Question 3.
Explain the process of creating an e-mail account in Gmail.
Answer:
Follow these step-by-step instructions to create a Gmail account

Step 1: Open up your internet browser and go to the Google home page.

Step 2: Click on Gmail at the top right comer of the page.

Step 3: You’ll now be in the ‘Sign in’ section. As you don’t have a Google account yet, you need to create one. Click Create an account.

Step 4: To set up your new account, Google needs some information about you – first, your first, and last names. The ‘choose your username’ is the unique email address that you wish to use, which will be placed before ‘@gmail.com’. Because it needs to be unique, Google may have to check the vail ability of any name that you decide on to make sure that no one already has it. Type an email name into the ‘choose your username’ box and then fill out the rest of your information. You will need to ensure that the ‘I agree to the Google terms of service and Privacy Policy’ is ticked. Then click next step.

Question 4.
What are the benefits of google drive?
Answer:
Google Drive is one of the most popular cloud storage services available today, offering 15 gigabytes (15GB) of free storage space. If you’ve never used a cloud-based storage service like Google Drive before, take a moment to consider the advantages of keeping your files online. Because files can be accessed from any computer with an Internet connection, Drive eliminates the need to email or save a file to a USB drive. And because Drive allows you to share files, working with others becomes much easier.

There are no. benefits for creating and sharing different files on Google Drive which are:

Documents: For composing letters, flyers, essays, and other text-based files (similar to Microsoft Word documents)
Spreadsheets: For storing and organizing information (similar to Microsoft Excel Workbooks) .
presentations: For creating slideshows (similar to Microsoft PowerPoint presentations)
Forms: For collecting and organizing data
Drawings: For creating simple vector graphics or diagrams.

PSEB 9th Class Computer Guide Internet Applications Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks

1. Gmail, yahoo mail, Hotmail, etc. are …………………….
(a) google
(b) Microsoft
(c) e-mail
(d) Skymail
Answer:
(c) e-mail

2. play store is a product of ……………….
(a) Microsoft
(b) Play store
(c) Play
(d) Google
Answer:
(d) Google

3. Files can be shared with ………………
(a) Hotmail
(b) Play store
(c) Google Drive
(d) Virus
Answer:
(c) Google Drive

4. …………………. cures ………………….
(a) Antivirus, virus
(b) Google, Yahoo
(c) E-mail, virus
(d) Antivirus, server.
Answer:
(a) Antivirus, virus

True or False

1. Gmail is a product of Microsoft.
Answer:
False

2. We can share files on the internet.
Answer:
True

3. Data is not destroyed on Google Drive.
Answer:
True

4. Cloud means Air clouds in computer terminology.
Answer:
False

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is E-mail?
Answer:
E-mail stands for electronic mail. Most networks support some form of an email. The most popular, of course, is Internet email. E-mail allows you to send a text (such as a letter) to another person on another computer. In order to send an email, you have to know the email address of the recipient.

Question 2.
How often is the imagery in Google Earth updated?
Answer:
Google Earth displays the best available imagery, most of which is one to three years old. The information in Google Earth is collected over time and is not in real-time. It is not possible to see live changes in images. We add data to our Primary Database on a regular basis.

Question 3.
Why do I see blurry imagery in Google Earth?
Answer:
Google Earth combines data of different resolutions to offer a seamless viewing experience, so some locations look a bit blurry. We offer high-resolution imagery (greater than 1-meter) for thousands of cities and more are on the way.

Question 4.
What is an IP address?
Answer:
An IP address is a network layer protocol address for a host in a TCP/IP network.

Question 5.
What is the use of an IP address?
Answer:
The IP address is used to uniquely identify each host in a network. The IP address is needed in order to communicate with other hosts in the network using the TCP/IP suite of protocols.

Question 6.
Which version of IP is covered by this document?
Answer:
This document covers IP version 4.

Question 7.
How does a host determine its IP address?
Answer:
A host determines its IP address during the boot-up process either from a configuration file stored in the local hard disk of the system or using a network protocol like RARP, DHCP, BOOTP from the servers in the network.

Question 8.
Is there any relation between the MAC address and the IP address of a host?
Answer:
No. There is no relation between the MAC address and the IP address of a host.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write a note on email.
Answer:
Short for electronic mail, e-mail or email is information stored on a computer that is exchanged between two users over telecommunications. More plainly, e-mail is a message that may contain text, files, images, or other attachments sent through a network to a specified individual or group of individuals. The first e-mail was sent by Ray Tomlinson in 1971. By 1996, more electronic mail was being sent than postal mail.

Question 2.
Write the various steps for writing an email.
Answer:
Writing an e-mail
When writing an e-mail message, it should look something like the example window below. As you can see, several fields are required when sending an e-mail:

The To field is where you type the e-mail address of the person who is the recipient of your message.
The From field should contain your e-mail address.
If you are replying to a message, the To and From fields are automatically filled out; if it’s a new message, you’ll need to enter them manually.
The CC or Carbon Copy field allows you to send a copy of the message to another e-mail address but is not mandatory.
The Subject Line, although not required, should consist of a few words describing the e-mail’s contents.
Finally, the Message Body is the location you type your main message. It often contains your signature at the bottom; similar to a hand-written letter.

PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 5 Progress of Sports in Punjab Since 1947

October 21, 2024October 20, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Chapter 5 Progress of Sports in Punjab Since 1947 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Physical Education Chapter 5 Progress of Sports in Punjab Since 1947

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Is there any bad effects of Partition of Punjab on the development of sports?
Answer:
Yes, there is great bad effect.

Question 2.
When Punjab Olympic Association gain came into existance?
Answer:
1948.

Question 3.
Name any two units which promote sports in Punjab.
Answer:
(i) Punjab Police
(ii) Boarder Security Force.

Question 4.
Whether Panchayati Khed Parishad organised Football competition for girls or not.
Answer:
No.

Question 5.
Tug of war is organised for boys or girls. (Right or Wrong)
Answer:
Right.

Question 6.
Is Leader Engineering Works promoting, sports in Jalandhar or not?
Answer:
No.

Question 7.
Who looks after the development of sports in Punjab school education?
Answer:
D.P.I. schools.

PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Book Chapter 5 Progress of Sports in Punjab Since 1947

Question 8.
Who looks after the sports in Punjab education colleges?
Answer:
D.P.I. colleges.

Question 9.
Is there any contribution of Punjab Sports Department in the field of sports?
Answer:
Yes, there is great contribution.

Question 10.
Name the different games which are organised by the Panchayati Raj Parishad for girls?
Answer:
Hockey, Kabbaddi, Kho-Kho and Tug of War.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the effects of Partition of India on the Sports development of Punjab.
Answer:
India got independence from the British on 15th August, 1947 and India was divided into two parts :
India and Pakistan. This division adversely affected the promotion of sports in Punjab. A large number of playgrounds and the main sports goods manufacturing city, Syalkot, remained in Pakistan. All sports Associations were dissolved. In this way Punjab became headless in the field of sports.

Question 2.
How did the Punjab Olympic Association come into existence?
Answer:
The partition of India adversely affected the promotion of sports in Punjab. When India got freedom the issue of sports in Punjab was discussed among the sports lovers of the state. A meeting of the representatives of sports was held at Shimla in 1948. The Punjab State Olympic Association came into existence. Mr. G.D. Sondhi was appointed the founder president of Punjab State Olympic Association.

Question 3.
Name the various organisations which promote sports in our state.
Answer:

The Punjab Police
The Border Security Force
Leader Engineering Works, Jalandhar.
Jagatjit Cotton and Textiles Mills, Phagwara.
Punjab State Electricity Board.
Pepsu Road Transport Corporation.

Question 4.
Mention the various sports competitions which are organized by the Panchayati Raj Khed Parishad.
Answer:
The Panchayati Raj Khed Parishad organises the following competitions in sportsn:
FOR BOYS:

Foot Ball
Kabaddi
Hockey
Volley Ball
Tug of War
Athletics
Weight Lifting and Power Liftingi
Wrestling
Gymnastics

FOR GIRLS:

Kabaddi
Kho-Kho
Hockey

Question 5.
The Punjab Sports Department has a special place in the promotion of Games and Sports. Do you agree with this statement? Or Discuss the contribution of Punjab Sports Department.
Answer:
Punjab Sports Department:
The Punjab Government created Punjab State Sports Dept, in 1961 for the development of sports. This department has opened a sports department in every district and it is run by District Sports Officer. Each district has been divided into Tehsils and Tehsils into sub-centres. In each of these sub-centres an arrangement of good coaches has been made.

For the facilities of sports persons, Sports Hostels at several places have been opened. For the students residing in these hostels, the Govt, of Punjab makes arrangement of sports equipment, fee and other facilities in sports. In order to encourage the sportsmen for good performance scholarships are given. Moreover the state government organises state-level competitions in different games every year.

These competitions are known as “Men Sports Festival” and ‘Women Sports Festival.” The Dept, gives certificates and scholarships to those players who get honours in international competitions. It organises Maharaja Ranjit Singh Hockey Tournament at Amritsar every year. It also does gradation for the reserved seats of students in professional colleges.

Question 6.
Write the contribution of Punjab State Sports Council.
Answer:
The Punjab State Sports Council:
The Punjab Government formed a council in 1971 For the promotion of sports and named it the Punjab State Sports Council. The main function of the council was to encourage the youth of the state to participate in games and sports. The main function of the council is to provide help in building playgrounds and stadiums, building Gymnasiums and swimming pools for the development of sports. For this purpose the Govt, of India and the Punjab Govt, give grants to various sports bodies.

The Punjab State Sports Council has established District Sports Council in every district. This council works undfer the Deputy Commissioner of the district. District Sports Officer acts as the secretary of the District Council of Sports. The chief minister of the state acts as the president of the State Sports Council and director of sports as the secretary of council. The State Sports Council always tries to promote sports in the state.

This council honours outstanding sports persons who have achieved an honour in international competition with Maharaja Ranjeet Singh Award. The Council also provides pension to those outstanding old players who had participated in international competition. This council arranges for the expenditure of all teams which participate in National level competitions. The council also provides funds to such Punjabi players who go abroad to participate in international competition.

Question 7.
Describe the contribution of Panchayati Raj Sports Council (Khed Parishad.)
Answer:
The Panchayati Raj Sports Council (Khed Parishad):
The Punjab Govt, founded the Punjab Panchayat Raj Khed Parishad in 1969. Its founder was G. Mukhtar Singh, a man of distinction and prominent player. Before this organisation came into existence, there was only the State Sports Dept, which was active in sports field. The rural players did not get the facilities which were available to urban players. Keeping in view this fact, the then Akali Govt, in the state decided to establish a new sports organisation for rural players which was named the Punjab Panchayati Khed Parishad.

It was decided that the Chief Minister of Punjab will be the Chairman of the organisation and Rural Development Minister, its Senior Vice-president. The person to be appointed its secretary will be well versed in sports. In order to run this organisation properly 22 coaches were appointed in the beginning. Its main office kept under the supervision of Zila Parishad. This organisation organises tournaments for boys I Foot .Ball, Hockey, Kabaddi, Volley Ball, Tug of War, Athletics, Weight lifting, Gymnastics and Kabaddi, Hockey and Kho-Kho etc. for girls. This organisation also gives scholarships to prominent rural players.

Question 8.
Write The contribution of the Punjab School Education Board.
Answer:
The Punjab School Education Board:
The Punjab School Education Board came into existence to decrease the work load of Examination of Punjab University, to conduct smooth examination and to declare the results as early as possible. The main function of this Board is to prepare a syllabi and get the concerned books published for the students.

The Punjab School Education Board has done remarkable work to introduce Physical Education as an elective subject and to conduct examinations in this very subject. Punjab School Education Board takes a special interest to promote the game of Hockey and organises various competitions in games and sports. This board also organises sports competitions at primary level and zonal level in schools to promote games and sports.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the development of sports in Punjab since 1947.
Answer:
India got Freedom in 1947. The English left India aftc. ruling for 200 year. On the eve of independence, Britishers divide India into two countries i.e. India and Pakistan. This division bad! affected the promotion of sports in Punjab. The beautiful playgrounc. were left in Pakistan. The Punjab Govt, and other people of Punja were left behind in the field of sports. Punjab remained withoi grounds or play- fields. The sports city which were very famous manufacturing sports goods i.e. Syalkot was also left in Pakistai The Sports Associations of various games were dissolved.

The position of Sports and games in Punjab turned from bad to worse. After the partition of Punjab, sports lovers again tried to promoi sports in Punjab and a meeting of the Association was held in Shim in 1948. In the same year Punjab State Olympic Association we again founded . Mr. G.D. Sondhi became its President and Mr. F.C Arora became its Secretary. This Association started its function in immediately. In 1948 and 1951 Hockey and Volley Ball Association came into existence. After these Associations, Basket Ball, Kabaddi. Boxing, Cycling Associations of Punjab were formed.

After the formation of these Associations, Districts and State Leve competitions were started to promote sports in Punjab. After 1948 Punjab Hockey and Volley Ball Association started t invite teams of Pakistan and other foreign countries. In order raise the standard of sports All India Level Tournaments wer. organised in various sports. Among these tournaments Maharaj, Ranjeet Singh Tournament Amritsar, Major Bhupinder Singi Tournament Ludhiana, Shaheed Karnail Singh Memoria tournament are prominent.

In 1957 Punjab Olympic Associatio organised a state level tournament for the first time. The Punja Government has also taken a keen interest to promote sports an games in Punjab. The Punjab Government has started to proviti financial aid to the Universities of the state for creatin infrastructure of sports i.e. Gyms, swimming pools etc. The Punjab Police, The Border Security Force, Leader Engineering Works Jalandhar, The Jagatjit Cotton and Textiles Mills, Phagwara have also contributed a lot for the promotion of sports in our state.

The above mentioned teams have participated in Durand Cup Delhi, Gold Cup Bombay, Nehru Hockey Tournament Delhi and many prestigious positions in these tournaments. The Punjab Government has established Govt. College of Physical Education, Patiala to promote the sports and games and for the training of teachers. The Punjab Government also declared Physical Education as one of the elective subjects in schools and colleges. Due to the keen interest of Punjab Govt, the state is progressing in the field of sports day by day. The Punjab state has produced very outstanding players, who have won laurels not only for Punjab but have brought honours for our country also at the international level.

Question 2.
Describe the contribution of the Punjab Education Department in the promotion of sports.
Answer:
The Punjab Education Department has contributed a lot in the promotion of sports which may be described as under:
1. The Punjab Government has established a separate department under D.P.I. (Schools) and D.P.I. (Colleges) for sports and games. This department is trying their best to develop sports in Punjab.

2. To promote sports, the Punjab Education Department started State School of Sports and State College of Sports at Jalandhar in 1961. In these institutions budding players get special training in sports along with their education. The players get admission in these institutions get free boarding and lodging facilities from Education Department.

3. Punjab Education Department has appointed, Punjab District Eudcation officers in every District of Punjab to look after the sports activities of that District. In every District, Competitions are organised at the zonal and the District level. Some of these Competitions are held in winter and other are held in summer by the Education Department.

4. For the promotion of sports, Punjab Education Department organizes different categories of competitions in sports and games. Now even primary, Mini and Junior Competitions are organised.

5. The Education Department has started inservices training centres at Patiala, Jalandhar and Ferozepur. In these Centres new changes in Physical Education and sports are being taught to the people concerned.

6. The Punjab Education Department has started Physical Education in schools and colleges as one of the elective subjects like others subjects.

7. Education Department organises summer Coaching Camps for budding players in various games.

8. Education department also provides financial assistance in schools and colleges for the training of sports persons. Financial assistance is also given to construct sports fields and to purchase sports Equipment.

9. The Punjab Education Department also organizes competitions in National Physical Fitness Programmes.

10. There are reserved seats for outstanding sportsperson in Engineering and Medical colleges. In this way the outstanding players can also qualify in Medical and Engineering colleges and can continue their sports activities in these Colleges. Thus the Punjab Education Department is playing a big role for the development of sports and games.

Question 3.
Write the contribution of the Punjab Olympic Association.
Answer:
The Punjab Olympic Association:
The Punjab Olympic Association was founded by Sh. G.D. Sondhi in 1920. Its first President was Lieut Col. H.N.O. Garret vice- principa1 cf Govt College Lahore. G.D. Sondhi became its honorary secretary. Sir Sikandar Khan became the President on the retirement of Col. Garret in 1937.

In 1947, this association ceased working. After the partition in 1947 the Punjab State Olympic Association was again founded with the efforts of Mr. G.D. Sondhi. Mr. G.D. Sondhi became its President, Dr. J.R. Khosla became its secretary. A meeting of the Association was held in Shimla in 1948. In this meeting MR. G.D. Sondhi and Mr. F.C. Arora were appointed the President and the Secretary respectively. All sports Associations of Punjab became its members.

The District Olympic Association also became the part and parcel of Punjab State Olympic Association. The main function of Punjab State Olympic Association is to look after the functioning of the various Associations of Punjab. It is the duty of Olympic Association to check the Audit Reports of all Association of accounts in time. This Association also gives suggestions to various Associations for the development and care of sports in the state and settle desputes if there are any among the Associations themseleves or with other organisation.

They also celebrate Olympic day every year and provide information regarding Olympic movement. The main responsibility of Olympic Association is to enforce the rules and regulations of Olympic in all competitions and prevent professional players to participate in Amateur competition. The Olympic Association conducts senior and junior sports competitions every year at district and the state levels.

Question 4.
Discuss the contribution of the Universities of Punjab State.
Answer:
The Universities of Punjab State:
At the time of partition of India, there was only one Punjab University in our state at Lahore. After 1947, the Punjab University was shifted to Chapdigarh. Now there are four universities in our state:

The Punjab University, Chandigarh
The Punjabi University, Patiala
The Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana,and
The Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar.

Only agricultural colleges are affiliated to Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana and Poly technical Colleges of our state , come under the Technical University Jalandhar, other colleges are affiliated to these universities. The department of Physical education has been created under the care of Director Physical Education in all universities. The Director organises the competitions among all affiliated colleges of the university.

After inter college competition he gets the university team selected and sends these teams of boys and girls for inter university tournaments after training them properly in a coaching camp. It also sends teams for participation in other competitions. Every university has an administrative department in sports, the functions of which are to look after the playfields of the university, the equipment and to organise the sports competitions.

In the subject of department of Physical Education, they teach Physical Education like other subjects except Agricultural University Ludhiana. They also hold examinations in Physical Education subject. In every department of all universities seats are reserved for out-standing sports persons which enables them to get higher education to become engineers, doctors and the scientists.

For the development of sports and games each university possesses huge playgrounds, Swimming pools, Stadium and Gymnasium. In Punjab University, Chandigarh and Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar special departments have been opened to train Physical Education Teachers. In brief we can say that these universities are playing a vital role to produce outstanding sports persons in our state.

PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Solutions Chapter 4 Empathy

October 21, 2024October 20, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Book Solutions Chapter 4 Empathy Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Welcome Life Chapter 4 Empathy

Welcome Life Guide for Class 9 PSEB Empathy InText Questions and Answers

Textbook Page No. 22

Activity 1

Tell
PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Solutions Chapter 4 Empathy Img 1

Answer:

S.No.	Feeling	Situation (when the Certain feeling arrived)
1.	Laughter	When someone is Jocking.
2.	Anger	When anyone abuses me.
3.	Sorry	When I get fewer marks in exams.
4.	Fear	When exams are coming closer.
5.	Crying	When anyone scolds me without reason.

Activity 2

PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Solutions Chapter 4 Empathy Img 2

(a) You feel the emotion of ……………….. at your elder brother’s marriage. (Fill in the blank)
Answer:
happy

(b) How did you feel at the departure of Doli at the time of your sister’s marriage ? .
Answer:
I started crying as a girl was leaving her father’s house.

Textbook Page No. 23

Activity 3.

Dear students, today you have to change your seating plan for this period so that you can play an interesting game in your classroom just now. For this activity, one student of each double seater bench ( desk) please get up and interchange your seat with another bench sitter. In this way, one new student will be sitting on each bench. Now the new team will be formed. Just try to get friendly with your new companion and all set to start a new game, which is amazing. One student from each team will try to express the name of any game, player, bird, fruit, weather condition, any idiom and name of his I her friend whatever the name told by the class teacher in his/ her ear. The student will convey the names only by gestures, actions and not by speaking. The other member of the team will try to guess the name within 20 seconds and will note down the score in the note hook. However, the class teacher will describe the names and conduct the game.

Let us conclude :

Question 1.
Which quality did you learn and adopt today by playing this game?
Answer:
From this game, I learned that we should live in cooperation with others. If we will cooperate with others, every work will be done very easily.

Question 2.
Note down three qualities you found in your new friend?
Answer:

He knew how to cooperate with others.
He cooperated with others and we were able to finish the game very quickly.
He had the quality of understanding others very quickly.

Textbook Page No. 23

Question 1.
Did you feel that you can learn a lot from your new friend?
Answer:
Yes, I can learn a lot from my new friend such as a sense of cooperation, power to understand others very quickly.

Question 2.
Fill in the blank :
The more I interact with the people, the ………………
Answer:
I will go closer to them and will learn a sense of cooperation from them.

Activity 4.

Each child will write the answer on their own worksheet. Instead of considering one student as the winner, the winning team will be declared by adding the scores of two students sitting on the bench.
PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Solutions Chapter 4 Empathy Img 3

Answer:

S.No.	Questionnaire	Answer
1.	Kuchipudi is a folk dance of which Indian state?	Andhra Pradesh
2.	The Kannada language is associated with which Indian state?	Karnataka
3.	By what othe”r name is bhangra known?	Malwai Giddha
4.	Which city is called the pink city?	Jaipur
5.	Sammy folk dance is performed on folk instrument ‘Dhol’ (drum).	Yes
6.	Which is the language of West Bengal?	Bengali
7.	Where are the four towers located?	Hyderabad
8.	The bridegroom s of Khasi village of Meghalaya move in with their in-laws after marriage.	Yes
9.	Which is the most popular folk dance of Gujarat?	Garba
10.	Write down 2 traditional drinks of Punjab.	Butter Milk, Church

PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Guide Empathy Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Which of these is of great importance in life?
(a) Emotions
(b) Cars
(c) Buildings
(d) Watches.
Answer:
(a) Emotions

2. Which of these is an emotion?
(a) Anger
(b) Love
(c) Fear
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

3. Which of these is necessary?
(a) To identify an emotion
(b) To accept an emotion
(c) To control an emotion
(d) All of these
Answer;
(d) All of these

4. Which of these is not necessary?
(a) To identify an emotion
(b) To move according to emotions
(c) To control emotions
(d) To accept emotions.
Answer:
(b) To move according to emotions.

5. Society based on certain rules, norms, etc. is known as ………………..
(a) Civilised society
(b) Individual society
(c) Cultural society
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Civilised society

6. Which of these is a feature of a civilized society?
(a) Honesty
(b) Helping others
(c) Sense of responsibility
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

7. Which of these is a famous dance of Punjab?
(a) Giddha
(b) Bhangra
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Natti.
Answer:
(c) Both (a) and (b).

8. Which of these is of great importance in our lives?
(a) Cooperation
(b) Maintaining balance
(c) Helping others
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

9. We can find many ………………….. in this world.
(a) Differences
(b) Similarities
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Both (a) and (b).

10. There is …………………. in diversity in India.
(a) Ideology
(b) Unity
(c) Difference
(d) Equality
Answer:
(b) Unity

Fill in the Blanks:

1. Showing ……………… can be good or bad.
Answer:
feelings

2. Identifying …………….. and controlling them is necessary.
Answer:
expressions

3. Society is based on ………………..
Answer:
rules

4. The world is full of ……………….
Answer:
diversity

5. Spirit of ……………… others is must in every individual.
Answer:
helping

Tick the Right (✓) or Wrong (x) Statement:

1. There is no importance of cooperation in social life.
Answer:
x

2. Both similarities and differences are there in society.
Answer:
✓

3. We share our pain and pleasure with each other.
Answer:
✓

4. Helping others is not good.
Answer:
x

5. Expressing feelings can be good or bad.
Answer:
✓

Match the Following:

(A)	(B)
Anger	Civilized society
Unity in	Expression
Helping others	Diversity
Recognizing expressions	Helpless
Based on values	Controlling emotions

Answer:

(A)	(B)
Anger	Expression
Unity in	Diversity
Helping others	Helpless
Recognizing expressions	Controlling emotions
Based on values	Civilized society

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Which emotions are of great importance in our lives?
Answer:
Emotions such as anger, love, peace, pain, hardness, sympathy, etc. are of great importance in our lives.

Question 2.
Which ability of emotions should be learned?
Answer:
We must learn when and how any expression needs to be expressed.

Question 3.
What is necessary for emotions?
Answer:
Recognizing emotions, accepting and controlling them is a must for us.

Question 4.
Which is a civilized society?
Answer:
A civilized society is a society that is based on certain rules, values, and traits.

Question 5.
On what society is based?
Answer:
Society is based on similarities and differences.

Question 6.
How are people different from each other?
Answer:
People are different from each other from the point of view of language, religion, ways of living, eating habits, etc.

Question 7.
What should we do with diversity?
Answer:
We should welcome and respect diversity.

Question 8.
When should we help anyone?
Answer:
Help should be given at a time when someone needed it quite badly.

Question 9.
Who should be helped?
Answer:
One who is helpless should be helped.

Question 10.
Who is a Diwyang?
Answer:
The person is a Diwyang whose any part of the body is not working properly such as an eye, tongue, ear, arm etc.

Question 11.
How should we treat Diwyangs?
Answer:
We should show sympathy towards Diwyangs.

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
What is the importance of emotions in our lives?
Answer:
We have many emotions such as anger, love, peace, hardness, pain, sympathy, etc. These are of great importance in our lives. These emotions are good if we know when and how to use these emotions. It is a must for us to learn that how* much of the expression is to be expressed. If we can have such capability, we can do progress very easily.

Question 2.
How can we maintain the balance of emotions?
Answer:
Emotions can be balanced with the following methods :

Recognizing emotions. First of all, it is a must for us to recognize that when we need to express an emotion.
Accepting emotions. With this, we need to accept that a particular emotion needed to use.
Controlling emotions. Finally, we need to learn the method to control emotions that should be used at an appropriate time.

Question 3.
What is the importance of social norms and values in a civilized society?
Answer:
Each society runs on the basis of fixed norms, values, traits, etc. Such a society is known as a civilized society. To run a society smoothly, it is necessary that it should work with fixed rules and regulations. If this will not happen then everyone will make his own rules and there will be chaos everywhere. There will be no balance in society. That’s why social norms and values are quite important as they are quite helpful for the smooth functioning of society.

Question 4.
Discuss unity in diversity in Indian society.
Answer:
We live in India and can see that the country is full of diversity. Our ways of behavior, habitat, religious values, ways of social behavior, dialect, eating habits, etc. are very much different from each other but still, we are tied with a thread of unity that we are Indians. Although we are different from each other, still live in unity and that’s why we can say that there exists unity in diversity in India.

Question 5.
Write a note on helping the needy.
Answer:
Helping others is good but it is necessary to look that help should be given to the rifeedy one. Along with this, it is a must look that help should do welfare of the needy one. If the needy one is given a thing that is not required by him then the help will be wasted. That’s why it is the duty of everyone to help needy people. Maybe you will require the help of anyone in the near future. In this way, if we help each other, society will run smoothly.

Long Answer Type Question:

Question 1.
Which values did you learn in this chapter?
Answer:

Emotions. Individuals have many emotions but they must know that when and how much of the emotion is to be used.
Balance of emotions. Maintaining a balance of emotions is necessary. For this, we need to recognize, understand, accept and control our emotions.
Social values. Every society is based on fixed values and such a society is known as a civilized society. To run society smoothly, values and rules are necessary or there will be complete chaos in society.
Unity and Diversity. People of different religions, cultures, languages, etc. live in India in peace and harmony with each other. This shows unity in diversity in India.
Helping the Needy one. We meet many people who need someone’s help to do something. We should help such people.

Source-Based Question:

Question 1.
Read the source and answer the questions that follow :
The entire creation and the world are full of diversity. Every animal, bird, every plant, every creature is unique. Even one leaf of a tree is not like another. In society, we see a lot of differences in language, dress, color, occupation, customs, and culture. Indian culture also speaks of unity in diversity. Even though we are full of diversity. We are united with the thread of patriotism and unity. Our joys and sorrows are shared. We live in a world. Let us now share the information gathered about various heritage, cultural, differences in the context of India, in the form of quizzes.

1. Is there any similarity that exists in society?
Answer:
Yes, we have many many similarities among us.

2. There are many differences in society. Explain.
Answer:
This means that people living in society have many similarities as well as differences.

3. Which similarities are widespread in society?
Answer:
We all are humans, do the same type of work, we are the citizens of a single country who follow the same laws, our life is the same, etc.

Question 4.
Which differences exist between us?
Answer:
Our language and dialect are different, our religions are different, our ways of behavior, eating habits, etc. are different. Our personality is different as well.

Question 5.
What type of diversity exists in India?
Answer:
We can find much diversity in India such as many religions exist in India, we use more than 1600 languages, our ways of eating, wearing, living, etc. are different. Our religious rituals, ways of doing marriage, ways of cremating dead bodies are also different. In this way, we can find a lot of diversity in India.

PSEB 9th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 E-Governance

October 19, 2024October 18, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Computer Book Solutions Chapter 7 E-Governance Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Computer Science Chapter 7 E-Governance

Computer Guide for Class 9 PSEB E-Governance Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

1. G2C stands for ……………
(a) Government to cooperation
(b) Grievances to cooperation
(c) Government to citizen
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Government to citizen

2. G2G stands for …………………
(a) Government to Government
(b) Get to Go
(c) Gather to Go
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Government to Government

3. G2E stands for ……………..
(a) Grievance to employee
(b) Government to an employee
(c) Government to environment
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Government to an employee

4. G2B stands for ……………..
(a) Government to Banks
(b) Government to Businessmen
(c) Government to Business
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Government to Businessmen

5. IRCTC stands for ………………..
(a) Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Cooperation ltd.
(b) Indian Runway Catering and tourism Cooperation ltd.
(c) Indian Railway Catering and travelling Cooperation ltd.
(d) Indian Railway Cargo and tourism Cooperation ltd
Answer:
(a) Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Cooperation ltd.

2. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is E-governance?
Answer:
Governance is a framework that is developed with a combination of man and machine. The implementation of any e-governance services requires advanced technology infrastructure like web-based applications that require a dedicated server and user-friendly web interface.

Question 2.
What are the two main objectives of e-governance?
Answer:
1. To satisfactorily fulfil the public’s needs and expectations by simplifying their interaction with various online services.
2. To facilitate a speedy, transparent, accountable, efficient and effective process for performing government administration activities.

Question 3.
Write the area of E-governance in urban.
Answer:
The area of E-Governance in urban are in transportation, railway, Information and public relation key services, roads and traffic management etc.

Question 4.
Write the area of E-governance in rural.
Answer:
E-Governance in rural areas are in the field of Agriculture, Local information, Disaster management, Land record management and Panchayat etc.

3. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the main characteristics of Good Governance.
Answer:
1. Good governance is transparent which means that people are able to clearly see how and why a decision was made.
2. Good governance follows the rule of law.
3. Good governance is responsive which means that government always tries to serve the needs of the entire community timely and appropriately.

Question 2.
Explain the four pillars of E-Governance.
Answer:
Fundamentally, e-Government projects would stand on four key pillars – People, Process, Technology and Resource (PPTR), Figure below. Each of the components needs to be addressed carefully and in a holistic manner, to achieve the desired results of the project, figure below :
PSEB 9th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 E-Governance Img 1

1. PEOPLE: As e-government projects are rolled out across the country people within and outside the government will play an increasingly important role in ensuring the success of these projects. The scale of transformation is huge and enormous resources not only in terms of money but also the expertise, skills and commitment of the people will be required.

2. PROCESS: E-Government is not just about the automation of manual records and existing processes, with all their inefficiencies. Rather, it is about transforming government processes and creating new relationships between the government and its citizens and businesses. Hence, a fresh set of process parameters and related workflow should be created, without creating unmanageable and chaotic changes, to maintain the consistency and sustainability of the process.

3. TECHNOLOGY: The Technology Challenges relate to lack of overall architecture and a road map for e-Government, lack of standards, poor IT Infrastructure, especially the poor communication networks, and, above all, adoption of the hardware approach rather than service-approach in the design and implementation of e-Gov projects. These challenges, if not addressed adequately and in time, result in an ad-hoc approach to e-Gov implementation. A few projects get implemented in isolation with big questions on their sustainability and scalability.

4. RESOURCES: New technologies demand new types of implementation models. Adopting conventional procurement methods would not take us far on the path of e-government. In the conventional approach, the project ownership lies with the public sector itself along with the responsibility for funding it and bearing the entire risk.

Question 3.
Explain the four models of e-governance.
Answer:
The followings are the four models of e-governance :

1. Government to citizens (G2C)
This model of e-governance refers to the government services which are shared by citizens. In this model, citizens visit the links of services that they want to use. This model strengthens the bond between the government and its citizen. Type of services which are provided by this model includes:-

Payment of online bills such as electricity, water, telephone bills, etc.
Online registration of applications.
Copies of land record.
Online filling of complaints.
Availability of any kind of online information.

2. Government to government (G2G)
This model refers to the services which are shared between the governments. There is lots of information that need to be shared between various government agencies, department and organizations. These types of services or information areas :

Sharing of information between police departments of various states.
Government document exchange which includes preparation, approval, distribution, and storage of all governmental documents, is also done through e-governance.
Most of the finance and budget works are also done through e-governance.

3. Government to businessmen (G2B)
Through this model, the bond between the private sector and the government is strengthened. It is used by businessmen to communicate to the government. Type of services which are provided by this model includes:-

Rejection and approval of patent are done by this model.
Payment of all kinds of bills and penalties.
Sharing of all kinds of information, rules, and data.
Complaints or any kind of dissatisfaction can be shown by this.

4. Government to employees (G2E)
This model increases the transparency between the government and its employee. Here, employees can keep a check on the functioning and working of the government and the government can keep track of its employees. Information that can be shared by this model:

All kinds of data submission (attendance record, employee record, etc.) from various government offices is done by this model.
An employee can file all kinds of complaints and dissatisfaction with this model.
All kinds of rules- regulations,s, and information for employees can be shared by this.

Question 4.
Write about E-GOVERNANCE IN HEALTH and EDUCATION.
Answer:
E-Governance provides many services in the health sector also. With the help of EGovemance, people can online check the availability of medicines, health camps, and other facilities. The following are the projects under the health area are Hospital OPD Appointment: It is the system of welfare measures started by the Chandigarh Government to make the life of citizens simpler and comfortable. HEALING: This project is started by the Kerala Government for Medical Health and Family Welfare Department,

E-Governance in the education sector is helpful in providing basic education and education facilities to children. Its aim is to provide computer education to children and online results for various classes. The following are the projects under the education field are Online Scholarship Management System: Its purpose is the distribution of scholarships and fees among brilliant and needy students. AISES (All India School Education Survey): The aim of this project is to survey the number of schools in the district which helps in the Census. This project was started by Assam Government.

Question 5.
Describe the history and development of E-governance.
Answer:
Among developing countries, India has been an early adopter of e-governance. The first wave can be considered to have evolved bottom-up. Some social entrepreneurs convinced district-level officials of the wonders of new ICTs, especially in providing convergent services to remote areas and improving transparency and oversight in this regard. The Gyandoot project in Dhar district, which begun in 2000, is considered the forerunner of what was to be a rash. of projects that built a front-end in many village communities which were supposed to be serviced by a back-end mostly in the district collectorate. The idea and the effort were to create pressure from the community front-end for the digitization of back-end departmental processes.

The latter was largely a localized effort, mostly dependent on the initiative and energy of the concerned district collector, often with some very spirited support of the district National Informatics Centre (NIC) staff. Perhaps the most organized and successful effort in this first phase of e-governance in India, roughly between 2000-05, was Rural e-Seva in the West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh. As for community-level front-end development two initiatives, N-Logue and Drishti stand out, each of which at one time claimed to be running thousands of community telecentres across the country that could deliver e-governance services.

There is a general tendency to classify these early efforts as failures. Indeed, around 2005-06, N-Logue closed down and Drishti moved out of e-governance services. Rural e-Seva also was never scaled up. However, what is noteworthy is that in a relatively short time, these early projects created a lasting impression of new ICTs as a possible means to bring governance close to the people, and perhaps, also make it more transparent and accountable. To that extent, they had a very significant impact,

even if these initiatives themselves could not survive, due to a variety of reasons which we cannot discuss in greater detail, here. (However, if we compare this situation with the burst of the dot-com bubble in the early part of the last decade, one can see some common factors.) They created the context for the very ambitious National E-Governance Plan (NeGP), especially its flagship project, the Common Service Centres, which was inaugurated by the Government of India in 2006.

PSEB 9th Class Computer Guide E-Governance Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks

1. ………………… means the government to employees.
(a) G2L
(b) G2G
(c) G2E
(d) G2B
Answer:
(c) G2E

2. E-governance has ………………… main objectives.
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(a) 2

3. ………………….. do work of e-governance in urban areas.
(a) Transportation
(b) Municipal Corporation
(c) Road Safety
(d) All of above
Answer:
(b) Municipal Corporation

4. ………………….. do work of e-governance in a rural areas.
(a) Health
(b) Panchayat
(c) Agriculture
(d) Municipal Corporation
Answer:
(b) Panchayat

True or False

1. E-governance do not work in education.
Answer:
False

2. E-governance has four models.
Answer:
True

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is e-Government?
Answer:
The term e-Government is understood differently across the world. E- Govemment or Electronic Government is the delivery of more convenient, customer-oriented, and cost-effective public services and sharing of information through electronic media. Specifically, e-Government harnesses information and communication technologies (such as Wide Area Networks, the Internet, and mobile computing) to transform relations with citizens, businesses, and other arms of government.

Question 2.
What is the difference between e-Government and e-Governance?
Answer:
E-Govemment is the transformation of internal and external public sector relationships, through Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in order to optimize government service delivery and citizen participation. Digital society is a society or community that is well advanced in the adoption and integration of digital technology into daily life at home, work and play. E-Governance is the development, deployment, and enforcement of the policies, laws, and regulations necessary to support the functioning of a Knowledge Society as well as of e-Government.

Question 3.
What are the objectives of e-Governance?
Answer:
The strategic objective of e-Governance is to support and simplify governance for government, citizens, and businesses. The use of ICT can connect all three parties and support processes and activities. Other objectives are to make government administration more transparent, speedy and accountable while addressing the society’s needs and expectations through efficient public services and effective interaction between the people, businesses and government.

Question 4.
what are the benefits of e-Governance?
Answer:
E-Governance offers many benefits and advantages for the government, corporate sector and society. E-Governance facilitates better delivery of government services to citizens, improved interactions with business and industry, citizen empowerment through access to information, or more efficient government management. It simplifies internal operations and improves the performance of government departments while helping all sections of society to avail government services at lower cost with maximum ease of use.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
List the various services of E-governance for urban.
Ans. The followings are the various services of e-governances for urban :

1. Transportation: There are many services which are provided by e-governance in transportation like provision of booking facility of interstate transport, plans for regional transportation, time table of buses and transportation improvement program etc. The following are the projects under e-governance in transportation such as:OSRTC- The Orissa State Road Transport Corporation project was started to provide online facilities in the transportation department.HRTC- The Himachal Road Transport Corporation project provides many facilities like online booking, availability and cancellation of seats and buses etc.

2. Online payment of bills and taxes: E-Governance also provides online transactions,payment of bills, EMIs and taxes etc. The project under e-governance in online payment is FRIENDS which is started by Kerala Government to make onlinepayments of fees, water and electricity bills etc.

3. Municipal services: The services provided by municipal sector are house taxes, issuethe death certificates, maintain records of property and approval for site plans etc.The following are the projects under municipal services are:SDO Suite: This project was started by Assam Government. It provides manyfacilities by issuing certificates like permission for land sale, birth and death reportetc.

4. Rural Digital Services: It gives many social security services such as old agepension, widow and freedom fighter pension.

5. Roads and. traffic management: The services provided by road and trafficmanagement are construction and maintenance of roads, traffic management andpollution control schemes. The project under e-govemance in road and trafficmanagement is CFST (Citizen Friendly Services of Transport) which is started by Andhra Pradesh Government. It checks the pollution control level, road safety andsafety of people. ’

Question 2.
List the various services of E-governance for rural.
Answer:
The followings are the various services of e-governances for rural:

1. Agriculture: The farmers rely on the information provided by the govemmentthrough e-governance. Governments are working on many projects used in agriculture like MARKET which is approved by the Department of Marketing and inspection (DMI), Ministry of Agriculture and Government of India. ‘

2. Local information: Government provides many local information such as prices of seeds, loan rates etc. The project under e-governance in local information is EJanSamparkwhich is started by Chandigarh Government to help people access the local information in their locality to fulfil their needs.

3. Land record management: With the help of this management, huge number of land records can be maintained in a very small time. The following are the projects under land record management are : Bhooftii: It was started by Karnataka Government and known as the first E-Governanceland records management projects.Land Records Management System State Government of Punjab.

4. Panchayat: Panchayat provides many services such as issuing the birth and death certificates, various schemes for poor people and water supply and sanitation etc.

Question 3.
List the various E-Governance Services from Government To Government.
Answer:
E-Governance Services from Government to Government (G2G): It is also known as E-Administration. In this model, services are being shared between many governments. Information are shared among various government agencies, organizations and departments. The following arethe services discussed in the G2G model:

E-Secretariat: E-Secretariat provides huge, valuable and functional information of the state. In E-Secretariat,multiple departments are linked together on internet and exchange the information of various components. Italso links all the governmental departments with their headquarters and state capitals. .

E-Police: E-Police helps everyone to feel safe and secure. For this purpose, E- Police maintain two databases.First database is of police personnel which provide records (current and previous posting etc.) of persons working in police. This database helps people to find the specialization of policemen according to geographical regions and skills. Second database is of criminal records. This database provides full detail of any criminal byjust typing the name of criminal. This database also provide the past activities and area of operation of anycriminal.

E-Court: E-Court will bring a revolution in the Indian pending court cases. In India, there are a number of pending cases that produce frustration in people and will bring the system to a halt. Both consumers and the system need the change. If the system w3ill work in the same manner in future, than one day it will collapse. In E- Court, IT transforms the system into databases of cases having zero level dependency. In such systems, Judges can consider the appeals from intranet, give their decisions online by considering recorded facts of case and reduce the backlog of cases.
The success of G2G model is based on some important aspects like expenditure, the establishment of the network, planning, monitoring and controlling the performance of process resources like human and financial.

Question 4.
What are the various stages of E-governance?
Answer:
Stages of e-Governance :
It is apparent in various research studies that e-Governance is fundamentally linked with the development of computer technology, networking of computers and communication systems. In developing nations, such technologies and systems became available with an observable time lag as compared to developed nations. When appraising the e-governance model in India, it is established that with the liberalization of the economy from the early 1990s onwards, there has been a convergence in the availability of progressive technologies and opportunities in this field. The inception of e-Governance proceeded through four stages in India.

1. Computerization: In the first stage, with the availability of personal computers, the majority of Government offices are well equipped with computers. The use of computers begem with word processing, quickly followed by data processing.

2. Networking: In this stage, some units of a few government organizations are connected through a hub leading to sharing of information and flow of data between different government entities.

3. On-line presence: In the third stage, with increasing internet connectivity, a need was felt for maintaining a presence on the web. This resulted in the maintenance of websites by government departments and other entities. Generally, these web pages/websites contained information about the organizational structure, contact details, reports and publications, objectives and vision statements of the respective government entities.

4. On-line interactivity: A natural significance of online presence was opening up of communication channels between government entities and the citizens, civil society organizations etc. The main objective of this stage was to lessen the scope of personal interface with government entities by providing downloadable Forms, Instructions, Acts, and Rules.

PSEB 9th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Introduction to DBMS

October 19, 2024October 18, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Computer Book Solutions Chapter 4 Introduction to DBMS Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Computer Science Chapter 4 Introduction to DBMS

Computer Guide for Class 9 PSEB Introduction to DBMS Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

1. ……………… is the full name of DBMS.
(a) Database manager system
(b) Database managing system
(c) Database management System
(d) Database Messenger Software.
Answer:
(c) Database management System

2. To control the Database ………………… is responsible.
(a) Data master
(b) Database administrator
(c) User
(d) Common man
Answer:
(b) Database administrator

3. After processing data is Convert into …………………..
(a) Database
(b) Information
(c) Entity
(d) Software
Answer:
(b) Information

4. Information associate with each other makes………………..
(a) Database
(b) DBMS
(c) DBA
(d) File Processing System
Answer:
(a) Database

5. To store the same data again and again in a database is called …………………
(a) Integrity
(b) Redundancy
(c) Object
(d) Foreign key
Answer:
(b) Redundancy

6. …………………. is a unique key.
(a) Primary key
(b) Foreign key
(c) Electronic key
(d) Database key
Answer:
(a) Primary key

2. Full Forms

1. DBA
Answer:
Database administrator.

2. DBMS
Answer:
Database management System.

3. SQL
Answer:
Structured query language.

3. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a database?
Answer:
A database is a collection of information that is organized so that it can easily be accessed, managed, and updated. In one view, databases can be classified according to types of content: bibliographic, full-text, numeric, and images.

Question 2.
What are the different types of relationships?
Answer:
One-to-One Relationships
One-to-Many Relationships
Many-to-Many Relationships
Self-Referencing Relationships

Question 3.
Write the names of different DBA’s.
Answer:
Administrative DBA
Development DBA
Data Architect
Data Warehouse DBA

Question 4.
What is SQL?
Answer:
SQL is a Structured Query Language, which is a computer language for storing, manipulating, and retrieving data stored in a relational database. SQL is the standard language for Relation Database Systems. All relational database management systems like MySQL, MS Access, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, Postgres, and SQL Server use SQL as standard database language.

Question 5.
Name the different types of keys.
Answer:

Primary key
Foreign key
Composite key
Natural key
Surrogate key
Candidate key
Compound key

4. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe Normalization. How many types of Normalization?
Answer:
Normalization is a process of organizing the data in the database to avoid data redundancy, insertion anomaly, update anomaly & deletion anomaly.
Here are the most commonly used normal forms :

First normal form(1NF)
Second normal form(2NF)
Third normal form(3NF)

First normal form (1NF)
As per the rule of the first normal form, an attribute (column) of a table cannot hold multiple values. It should hold only atomic values.

Second normal form (2NF)
A table is said to be in 2NF if both the following conditions hold :
The table is in INF (First normal form)
No non-prime attribute is dependent on the proper subset of any candidate key of the table. An attribute that is not part of any candidate key is known as a non-prime attribute.

Third Normal form (3NF)
A table design is said to be in 3NF if both the following conditions hold:
The table must be in 2NF
Transitive functional dependency of non-prime attribute on any super key should be removed. An attribute that is not part of any candidate key is known as a non-prime attribute.

In other words, 3NF can be explained like this: A table is in 3NF if it is in 2NF and for each functional dependency X-> Y at least one of the following conditions hold :
X is a super key of the table
Y is a prime attribute of the table
An attribute that is a part of one of the candidate keys is known as a prime attribute.

Question 2.
What is a file processing system? What are the disadvantages of the file processing system?
Answer:
A file processing system is a collection of files and programs that access/ modify these files. Typically, new files and programs are added over time (by different programmers) as new information needs to be stored and new ways to access information are needed. A File can store records and we can extract these records using different applications programs.
Disadvantages of File Processing System.
The conventional file processing system suffers from the following shortcomings :

1. Data Redundancy – Data Redundancy means the same information is duplicated in several files. This makes data redundant.

2. Data Inconsistency – Data Inconsistency means different copies of the same data are not matching. That means different versions of the same basic data are existing. This occurs as the result of update operations that are not updating the same data stored at different places. Example: Address Information of a customer is recorded differently in different files.

3. Difficulty in Accessing Data – It is not easy to retrieve information using a conventional file processing system. Convenient and efficient information retrieval is almost impossible using a conventional file processing system.

4. Data Isolation – Data are scattered in various files, and the files may be in different formats, writing a new application program to retrieve data is difficult.

5. Integrity Problems – The data values may need to satisfy some integrity constraints. For example, the balance field Value must be greater than 5000. We have to handle this through program code in file processing systems. But in the database, we can declare the integrity constraints along with the definition itself.

6. Atomicity Problem – It is difficult to ensure atomicity in the file processing system. For example, transferring $100 from Account A to account B. If a failure occurs during execution there could be a situation like $100 is deducted from Account A and not credited in Account B.

7. Concurrent Access anomalies – If multiple users are updating the same data simultaneously it will result in an inconsistent data state. In a file processing system, it is very difficult to handle this using program code. This results in concurrent access anomalies.

8. Security Problems – Enforcing Security Constraints in the file processing system is very difficult as the application programs are added to the system in an ad-hoc manner.

9. Observations and Conclusions – Data Redundancy may lead to Data inconsistency if redundant data are not updated simultaneously. Data inconsistency leads the system into an inconsistent state since the operations based on inconsistent data results in more inconsistency.

Question 3.
What do you mean by DBMS? Describe the advantages and disadvantages of DBMS.
Answer:
A database management system (DBMS) is a computer software application that interacts with the user, other applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data. A general-purpose DBMS is designed to allow the definition, creation, querying, update, and administration of databases.
The DBMS has a number of advantages as compared to the traditional computer file processing approach. The DBA must keep in mind these benefits or capabilities during designing databases, coordinating and monitoring the DBMS.

The major advantages of DBMS are described below :

Controlling Data Redundancy
Data Consistency
Data Sharing
Data Integration
Integrity Constraints

Disadvantages of Database Management System (DBMS):
Although there are many advantages the DBMS may also have some minor disadvantages. These are :

Cost of Hardware & Software
Cost of Data Conversion
Cost of Staff Training
Appointing Technical Staff

Question 4.
What is an entity? Write the types of entities in DBMS.
Answer:
An entity can be a real-world object, either animate or inanimate, that can be easily identifiable. For example, in a school database, students, teachers, classes, and courses offered can be considered entities. All these entities have some attributes or properties that give them their identity. An entity set is a collection of similar types of entities. An entity set may contain entities with attributes sharing similar values. For example, a Student set may contain all the students of a school; likewise, a Teachers’ set may contain all the teachers of a school from all faculties. Entity sets need not be disjoint.

The Entity-Relationship (ER) model consists of different types of entities. The existence of an entity may depend on the existence of one or more other entities, such an entity is said to be existence dependent. Entities whose existence not depending on any other entities are termed as not existence dependent. Entities based on their characteristics are classified as follows.

Strong Entities
Weak Entities
Recursive Entities
Composite Entities

Strong Entity Vs Weak Entity
An entity set that has a primary key is termed a strong entity set. An entity set that does not have sufficient attributes to form a primary key is termed a weak entity set. A weak entity is existence-dependent. That is the existence of a weak entity depends on the existence of an identifying entity set. The discriminator (or partial key) is used to identify other attributes of a weak entity set. The primary key of a weak entity set is formed by the primary key of identifying the entity set and the discriminator of the weak entity set. The existence of a weak entity is indicated by a double rectangle in the ER diagram. We underline the discriminator of a weak entity set with a dashed line in the ER diagram.

Recursive Entity
A recursive entity is one in which a relationship can exist between occurrences of the same entity set. This occurs in a unary relationship.

Composite Entities
If Many too Many relationships exist we must create* a bridge entity to convert it into 1 to Many. Bridge entity composed of the primary keys of each of the entities to be connected. The bridging entity is known as a composite entity.

Question 5.
What do you mean by data models? Write the parts of it.
Answer:
Data Models are fundamental entities to introduce abstraction in a DBMS. Data models define how data is connected to each other and how they are processed and stored inside the system. The very first data model could be a flat data model, where all the data used are to be kept in the same plane A data model organizes data elements and standardizes how the data elements relate to one another. Since data elements document real-life people, places, and things and the events between them, the data model represents reality, for example, a house has many windows or a cat has two eyes. Computers are used for the accounting of these real-life things and events and therefore the data model is a necessary standard to ensure exact communication between human beings.

A data model consists of two parts as shown in the figure:

DDL – Data definition language
DML – Data manipulation language
i.e. Data Model = DDL + DML
PSEB 9th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Introduction to DBMS Img 1

PSEB 9th Class Computer Guide Introduction to DBMS Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the Blanks

1. ……………….. is a set of one or more attributes taken collectively to uniquely identify a record.
Answer:
Super Key

2. ……………….. attribute can be taken as a primary key.
Answer:
Id

3. A ………………… is a property of the entire relation, rather than of the individual tuples in which each tuple is unique.
Answer:
Key

4. …………………… cannot be taken as a primary key?
Answer:
Street.

True or False

1. Processed data is called information.
Answer:
True

2. Database is secure and reliable.
Answer:
True

3. DBA has no responsibility to manage DBMS.
Answer:
False

4. Related data items are called records.
Answer:
True

5. Collection of related data items is called a file.
Answer:
False

6. Meaningful data is called information.
Answer:
False

7. Ordering meaningful data is called a database.
Answer:
True

8. Meaningful data items are called files.
Answer:
False

9. Collection of related records is called data.
Answer:
False

10. DBA controls database system
Answer:
True

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define Database.
Answer:
A prearranged collection of figures known as data is called a database.

Question 2.
What is DBMS?
Answer:
Database Management Systems (DBMS) are applications designed especially which enable user interaction with other applications.

Question 3.
What are the various kinds of interactions catered by DBMS?
Answer:
The various kind of interactions catered by DBMS are :

Data definition
Update
Retrieval
Administration

Question 4.
Segregate database technology’s development.
Answer:
The development of database technology is divided into :

Structure or data model
Navigational model
SQL/ relational model

Question 5.
Who proposed the relational model?
Answer:
Edgar F. Codd proposed the relational model in 1970.

Question 6.
What are the features of Database language?
Answer:
A database language may also incorporate features like DBMS-specific Configuration and management of storage engine Computations to modification of query results by computations, like summing, counting, averaging, grouping, sorting, and cross-referencing Constraint enforcement Application Programming Interface.

Question 7.
What do database languages do?
Answer:
As special-purpose languages, they have :

Data definition language
Data manipulation language
Query language

Question 8.
Define database model.
Answer:
A data model determining fundamentally how data can be stored, manipulated, and organized and the structure of the database logically is called a database model.

Question 9.
What is SQL?
Answer:
Structured Query Language (SQL) being ANSI standard language updates database and commands for accessing.

Question 10.
Enlist the various relationships of the database.
Answer:
Tire various relationships of the database are :

One-to-one: Single table having drawn relationship with another table having similar kind of columns.
One-to-many: Two tables having primary and foreign key relations.
Many-to-many: Junction table having many tables related to many tables.

Question 11.
Define Normalization.
Answer:
Organized data void of inconsistent dependency and redundancy within a database is called normalization.

Question 12.
Enlist the advantages of normalizing the database.
Answer:
Advantages of the normalizing database are :

No duplicate entries
Saves storage space
Boasts the query performances.

Question 13.
Define Denormalization.
Answer:
Boosting up database performance, adding redundant data which in turn helps rid of complex data is called denormalization.

Question 14.
Define DDL and DML.
Answer:
Managing properties and attributes of a database are called Data Definition Language (DD L). Manipulating data in a database such as inserting, updating, deleting is defined as Data Manipulation Language. (DML)

Question 15.
Define Object-oriented model.
Answer:
Compilations of objects make up this model in which values are stored within instance variables that are inside the object. The object itself comprises bodies of objects for its operation which are called methods. Objects containing the same kind of variables and methods are called classes.

Question 16.
Define Entity.
Answer:
It can be defined as being a ‘thing’ with an independent existence in the real world. –

Question 17.
What do you mean by Entity type?
Answer:
A set of entries having similar attributes are entity types.

Question 18.
Define Entity Set.
Answer:
Compilation of all entries of any particular type of entry in the database is called Entity Set.

Question 19.
What do you mean by Entity type extension?
Answer:
Compilation of similar entity types into one particular type which is grouped together as an entity set.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Enlist the disadvantages of the query.
Answer:
The disadvantages of the query are :

No indexes
Stored procedures are excessively compiled.
Triggers and procedures are without SET NOCOUNT ON.
Complicated joins making up inadequately written queries.
Cursors and temporary tables showcase a bad presentation.

Question 2.
What is 1 NF (Normal Form)?
Answer:
The first normal form or INF is the first and the simplest type of normalization that can be implemented in a database. The main aims of INF are to :

1. Eliminate duplicative columns from the same table.
2. Create separate tables for each group of related data and identify each row with a unique column (the primary key).

Question 3.
What is Data?
Answer:
Data is a plural of datum, which is originally a Latin noun meaning “something given.” Today, data is used in English both as a plural noun meaning “facts or pieces of information” and as a singular mass noun meaning “information”. In computing, data is information that has been translated into a form that is more convenient to move or process. Relative to today’s computers and transmission media, data is information converted into binary digital form.

Question 4.
Define Database.
Answer:
A database is a collection of information that is organized so that it can easily be accessed, managed, and updated. In one view, databases can be classified according to types of content: bibliographic, full-text, numeric, and images. In computing, databases are sometimes classified according to their organizational approach. The most prevalent approach is the relational database, a tabular database in which data is defined so that it can be reorganized and accessed in a number of different ways. A distributed database is one that can be dispersed or replicated among different points in a network. An object-oriented programming database is one that is congruent with the data defined in object classes and subclasses.

Computer databases typically contain aggregations of data records or files, such as sales transactions, product catalogs and inventories, and customer profiles. Typically, a database manager provides users the capabilities of controlling read/ write access, specifying report generation, and analyzing usage.

Question 5.
What is DBMS (Database Management System)?
Answer:
A Database Management System (DBMS) is a set of computer programs that controls the creation, maintenance, and use of a database. It allows organizations to place control of database development in the hands of database administrators (DBAs) and other specialists. A DBMS is a system software package that helps the use of an integrated collection of data records and files known as databases. It allows different user application programs to easily access the same database. DBMSs may use any of a variety of database models, such as the network model or relational model. In large systems, a DBMS allows users and other software to store and retrieve data in a structured way.

Instead of having to write computer programs to extract information, users can ask simple questions in a query language. Thus, many DBMS packages provide Fourth-generation programming language (4GLs) and other application development features. It helps to specify the logical organization for a database and access and use the information within a database. It provides facilities for controlling data access, enforcing data integrity, managing concurrency, and restoring the database from backups. A DBMS also provides the ability to logically present database information to users.

Question 6.
What is the need for DBMS?
Answer:
A database management system (DBMS) can help address the employee count scenario and a range of even more complex situations related to cost, order status, or inventory management by presenting the same data to everyone in the business at the same time. A DBMS also eliminates the frustrating hunt for the right version of the right spreadsheet on a vast and disorganized network drive.

As businesses grow, the volume of data they accumulate grows exponentially. Managing this data deluge becomes increasingly difficult just at the moment when superior data management becomes more important to business success.
As businesses expand, more sophisticated tools are needed to manage data. Tools that serve start-ups well are overwhelmed by the demands faced by larger businesses,
A database management system (DBMS) is a powerful tool used to store data, secure it, protect it and make it quickly available to people who need it.
A DBMS enables a business to squeeze more value from the data it collects for improved decision-making.

Question 7.
What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of DBMS?
Answer:
The advantages and disadvantages of DBMS are as follows :

Advantages :

Reduced data redundancy
Reduced updating errors and increased consistency
Greater data integrity and independence from applications programs
Improved data access to users through the use of host and query languages
Improved data security
Reduced data entry, storage, and retrieval costs
Facilitated development of new applications program

Disadvantages :

Database systems are complex, difficult, and time-consuming to design
Substantial hardware and software start-up costs
Damage to database affects virtually all applications programs
Extensive conversion costs in moving form a file-based system to a database system
Initial training is required for all programmers and users.

PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 11 Important Current Issues in Agriculture

October 19, 2024October 18, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Book Solutions Chapter 11 Important Current Issues in Agriculture Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Agriculture Chapter 11 Important Current Issues in Agriculture

Agriculture Guide for Class 9 PSEB Important Current Issues in Agriculture Textbook Questions and Answers

(A) Answer in 1-2 words:

Question 1.
Write full form of GM.
Answer:
Genetically modified.

Question 2.
Write full form of Bt.
Answer:
Bacillus Thuriengiensis.

Question 3.
Name the poisonous substance produced in Bt plant.
Answer:
It produces a crystalline protein, which is toxic for bollworms.

Question 4.
Write full form of PPV and FR.
Answer:
Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Act.

Question 5.
When PPV & FR Act was passed?
Answer:
In the year 2001.

Question 6.
Which instrument of the implement is used for leveling of fields?
Answer:
Laser land leveler.

Question 7.
Write the name of the instrument which is used for judicious use of water in paddy crop.
Answer:
Tensiometer.

Question 8.
How much increase in earth’s surface temperature has been recorded during the past century?
Answer:
0.5°C.

Question 9.
Name any two prominent Green House Gases.
Answer:
Carbon dioxide, Nitrous oxide, Chlorofluoro Carbon, Methane etc.

Question 10,
Write full name of CFC.
Answer:
Chlorofluoro Carbon.

(B) Answer in 1-2 sentences:

Question 1.
Define GM crops.
Answer:
By using specialized genetic engineering technologies crop can be genetically modified by the transfer of gene of other plant or organism into the crop. GM stands for Genetically Modified crops.

Question 2.
Differentiate BG-I from BG-II.
Answer:
BG-I stands for Bollguard-I hybrid and BG-II stands for Bollguard-II. These are cotton hybrids. BG-I contained only one Bt gene. Whereas BG-II contains two Bt genes. BG-I can withstand the attak of American Bollworm only whereas BG-II can withstand the attack of all the four types of Bollworm namely American Bollworm, Spotted bollworm, Pink Bollworm and Tobacco Caterpillar.

Question 3.
Why Bt cottons remain safe from any damage by the bollworms?
Answer:
Bt cotton contains Bacillus Thuriengiensis, a soil bacterium. This gene produces crystalline protein in the plant, which is highly toxic for the bollworm, insects-pests of cotton. When bollworm feeds on flower bud or flower or boll of a Bt cotton plant, digestive system of the insect gets damaged and it gets killed. This way ‘cotton crop is saved from the harmful insects.

Question 4.
What is precision farming? List its benefits.
Answer:
This is a new concept of farming. The main objective behind this concept is to use judiciously the various inputs as decided and calibrated by various scientific technologies so as to save natural resources and to increase the yield of the crop. Insecticides, fertilizers, weedicides etc. are used in measured quantity accurately and different amounts are used in different sections of a field according to the need. This way these inputs are not wasted and yield is also increased. It also does not pollute the environment.

Question 5.
Discuss methods that need to be adopted for judicious use and saving of water.
Answer:
If leveling of field is done by using laser land leveler a lot of water is saved. Similarly use of tensiometer in rice crop helps in deciding when and how much irrigation is needed for the rice crop. This helps in saving water.

Question 6.
What may be the impact of climate change on wheat crop?
Answer:
It can adversely effect the yield of wheat. If there is increase in temperature during February and March wheat production will reduce.

Question 7.
Why temperature increases inside a greenhouse?
Answer:
Houses which are made up of plastic sheets or glass in which plants are grown are known as green houses. Sun rays can enter the green house but the infrared rays (heat rays) cannot come out from such a house. Thus Temperature increases in the green house.

Question 8.
List names of different Green House Gases.
Answer:
Do yourself.

Question 9.
What was the impact of Bt cotton varieties on cotton production in Punjab?
Answer:
Bt cotton was introduced in Punjab in 2006. Before this cotton crop in Punjab was totally ruined due to attack of American Bollworm. Lint yield reduced to only 2-3 quintal per acre. But with Bt cotton lint yield increased to 5 quintals per acre and use of insecticides were also reduced.

Question 10.
List names of important techniques used in Precision Farming.
Answer:
Important techniques used in precision farming are- sensors, G.P.S. satellite technology etc.

Question 1.
Which GM crop is being cultivated in “Punjab”? Explain its benefits.
Answer:
In Punjab G.M. crop of cotton in cultivated. It is called Bt cotton. Now there are some other GM crops prepared e.g. Brinjal, Maize, Soyabean and Rice. In Bt crops gene of a soil Bacterium Bacillus Thuriengiensis is introduced in the plants. This produces a crystalline protein in the plant, which is highly toxic for the bollworms. The insects eat this protein and their digestive system is damaged and thus they are killed in 3-4 days. Bt varieties can bear the attack of American bollworm, pink, Tobacco, spotted bollworms. In Bollguard-I hybrid of cotton only one Bt gene was introduced but in Bollguard-II two Bt genes were introduced cultivation of Bt cotton started in Punjab in 2006. Before its cultivation lint yield was only 2-3 quintal per acre but with Bt cotton lint yield increased to 5 quintal per acre. There in no need to use insecticides and thus environment also does not get polluted.

Question 2.
What are the dangers and risks associated with GM crops?
Answer:
Ever since the introduction of GM crops, many organizations, social activists, human welfare groups and even some of the scientists are against such GM crops. They think such crops are very harmful to the humans, plants, environment, species of cultivated plants, biodiversity of plants in long run. Although, there are no such evidences till date in favour of such fears or arguments. But some of the countries have banned the cultivation of such GM crops.

Question 3.
List objectives of PPV & FR Act. When was this act introduced?
Answer:
Main objective of PPV and FR act was to recognize and protect the farmers’ rights.

Plant breeder has right on the new variety of plant which he produced.
Farmers who are .cultivating a variety traditionally on their field or a landrace of a variety for which farmer have common knowledge can be registered as farmers’ variety.

Question 4.
How Green House Gases affect the climate?
Answer:
Green house gases have bad effect on the environment. Because of increase in the density of green house gases in the atmosphere, temperature of the globe is increasing, over the past 100 years it is estimated that earth has warmed by 0.5°C. And an estimate says that by the year 2050 temperature may increase by 1.8 to 4.0°C. As a consequence of this increase in temperature polar ice will melt, ocean water level will become higher, warm days become will become more warmer and cold days become colder. Rains will become erratic and seasons will start overlapping.

Question 5.
Discuss impact of climate change on agriculture.
Answer:
Climate changes can affect the agricultural activities. Due to global warming temperature on earth is increasing which can affect the environment in many ways.

Increase in temperature will effect life time of crop, crop rotation and time of cultivation of crops is also affected.
Due to increase in temperature and moisture content in the atmosphere many diseases and some new type of insects will damage the crop.
Increase in temperature in the month of Feb-March will affect the production of wheat.
There is uncertainly in rains and production decreases.
Fall in night temperature will also reduce yield. ,
There may be good affects on agricultural production in many countries.

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
What is other name of GM crops?
Answer:
Transgenic crops.

Question 2.
Which technique is used to introduce gene of other plant or organism in a crop?
Answer:
By Genetic engineering technique.

Question 3.
What is full form of Bt?
Answer:
Bacillus Thuriengiensis.

Question 4.
What is Bt?
Answer:
It is a Bacteria found in soil.

Question 5.
Which other Bt crops are prepared other than Bt cotton?
Answer:
Brinjal, Maize, Soyabean, Rice etc.

Question 6.
Which variety cannot be registered?
Answer:
Plants which include terminator technology.

Question 7.
What is duration of registration for generhl crops?
Answer:
6 years but can be extended to 15 years.

Question 8.
Which website can be opened for getting crop registered?
Answer:
www.plantauthority.gov.in.

Question 9.
To whom the concept of precision farming applicable?
Answer:
It is applicable to both small and big farmers.

Question 10.
Which device is used in developed countries to find proper amount of fertilizer requirement?
Answer:
Nitrogen sensor.

Question 11.
Which technique is used to measure fields in developed countries?
Answer:
G.P.S. Technique.

Question 12.
If water remains standing in Paddy fields which gas is produced?
Answer:
Methane gas.

Question 13.
Which green house gas is produced by the use of nitrogen fertilizer?
Answer:
Nitrogen oxide.

Question 14.
What is the effect of rising in temperature at night on the crops?
Answer:
Yield will reduce.

Question 15.
By the end of 21st century, what is the estimate increase of temperature on earth?
Answer:
1.8 to 4.0° C.

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Name varieties of Bollguard-2.
Answer:
RCH 650, NCS 855 are the varieties of BG-2.

Question 2.
Which crops can be registered under the act PPV and FR?
Answer:
Jowar, Maize, Bajra, Wheat, Paddy, Sugarcane, Cotton, Pea, Arhar, Masar, Turmeric, Grams etc. crops can be registered.

Question 3.
Which crops cannot be registered under the PPV and FR act.
Answer:
A variety which is harmful to human beings, for the environment or for plants. Plants including terminator technology can also not be registered.

Question 4.
Why varieties using terminator technology cannot be registered?
Answer:
Seeds of such crops do not have growing power.

Question 5.
Write about penalties of infringement in PPV and FR act.
Answer:
Providing wrong information e.g. wrong name of registered variety, wrong name of the country, wrong name and address of breeder, etc. are punishable acts. Punishment can be imprisonment, fine, or both.

Question 6.
What is a clear message of precision farming?
Answer:
Its clear message is to consider a field as consisting of many sections, there may be a problem of one type in one section and another type of problem in another section. Without knowing the problem of a particular section do not apply fertilizers or spray pesticides etc. If the soil in a section of the field is deficient in a particular mineral. Apply that particular fertilizer in only that section of the field and not in the whole of the field.

Question 7.
By how much temperature of the surface of the earth has increased over the last 100 years. Why?
Answer:
The temperature of the surface has increased by 0.5°C over the last 100 years. This is due to global warming.

Long Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Write about Green House Gases and greenhouse principle. How is it related to the earth?
Answer:
Greenhouse gases are Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen oxide, Chlorofluorocarbon, Methane, etc. Houses that are made up of plastic sheets or glass in which plants are grown are known as greenhouses. Sun rays can enter the greenhouse but the infrared rays (heat rays) cannot come out from such a house. Thus temperature increases in the greenhouse.

Greenhouse gases are there all around the globe. These allow the sunlight to enter into the earth’s atmosphere but do not allow the infrared rays (heat rays) to go back into space. Thus they are responsible for global warming. The temperature of the earth is increasing and its bad effects can be floods, drought, change in time of monsoon, etc.

Question 2.
Write some factors responsible for climate change?
Answer:

Increased concentration of greenhouse gases like C02, CH4, etc.
Burning of fossil fuels like petrol and coal etc.
Deforestation on a large scale.
Industrialization and urbanization.
Excessive use of agrochemicals.

PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Guide Important Current Issues in Agriculture Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Greenhouse gases are :
(a) C0₂
(b) Nitrous oxide
(c) Methane
(d) All
Answer:
(d) All

2. PPV & FR act was passed in :
(a) 1985
(b) 2001
(c) 2015
(d) 1980
Answer:
(b) 2001

3. Device used in paddy for saving water :
(a) Tensiometer
(b) leveler
(c) B.T.
(d) None
Answer:
(a) Tensiometer

4. How much increase in earth’s surface temperature has been recorded during the past century?
(a) 0.5°C
(b) 5°C
(c) 2°C
(d) 10°C
Answer:
(a) 0.5°C

True/False:

1. Man is not practicing farming since time immemorial.
Answer:
False

2. Bt is the abbreviation for a soil bacterium Bacillus thuriengiensis.
Answer:
True

3. Yield of Bt cotton is four quintal lint per acre.
Answer:
False

4. After the introduction of Bt cotton use of insecticides has reduced a lot.
Answer:
True

5. Trees and vines were protected for 9 years and the period can be extended for 10 years.
Answer:
False

Fill in the Blanks:

1. By using specialized genetic engineering technologies crop can be genetically modified by transfer of ………………… of other plant or organism into the crop.
Answer:
gene

2. A crystalline protein is produced in Bt cotton which is highly toxic for ………………… insects pests of cotton.
Answer:
bollworms

3. Such improved crops are known as G.M. or ………………… crops.
Answer:
transgenic

4. Government of India enacted ‘protection of plant varieties and Farmers’ Rights Act (PPV & FR act) in …………………
Answer:
2001

5 ………………… crops of Brinjal, soybean, maize, rice, etc. have been developed.
Answer:
GM

6. Over the last 100 years temperature of the earth has increased by …………………
Answer:
0.5°C

PSEB 9th Class SST Solutions Civics Source Based Questions and Answers

October 19, 2024October 18, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Social Science Book Solutions Civics Source Based Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Civics Source Based Questions and Answers

Question 1.
20 century is called The Golden Era of democracy. A trend towards democracy started among the Europeans. British and America remarked that first world war was fought for the security of demoracy and the principle of self-decision. Many new countries came into existence after 1st World War. These countries preferred to adopt democrative system. Those countries who were prey to imperialism expressed their desire to demolish imperialism and establish democracy.
But this golden period of democracy soon disappeared and democracy had to face adverse circumstances. After 1st World War, democracy had to face a set back in Italy and Germany due to the birth of two movements which were not in favour of democracy. The advent of ideology of Nazism in Germany and Facism in Italy proved disastrous for democracy. Both the ideologies were in the favour of dictatorship. Due to these ideologies, the tragedy of second world war happened between 1939-45.
(а) Which century is known as the Golden Era of democracy and why?
Answer:
20th century is known as the Golden Era of democracy because this was the time when European people started looking towards democracy. Even the first World War (1914-18) was fought for the security of democracy and the principle of self-decision. Many new countries were formed after the war and they all adopted the democratic set-up.

(b) Why did the Golden period of democracy end very soon?
Answer:
The Golden era of democracy ended after first World War because it faced adverse circumstances. Nazism and fascism started in Germany and Italy respectively and dictatorship established over there. This dictatorship encouraged the imperial policy and that’s why second World War started which lasted till 1945.

Question 2.
Read the source and answer the following questions :
Like India, there was colonialism in Ghana, (African Continent) : Firstly, it was known as Gold Coast. It was among the first country of Africa which got independence from the Britishers in 1957. This country inspired other countries of Africa for independence. A great personality of Ghana, who was the son of a goldsmith (Name- Kqame Nkrumah)-led this freedom movement and got his country freed. He became 1st Prime Minister and later on became the President of Ghana. He was a friend of Pt. Nehru. He inspired the people of other countries of Africa continent to establish democracy. He got himself elected as President for the ‘lifetime’. But soon in 1966, he was dethroned by a military conspiracy 3Military dictatorship was established in Ghana. Like Ghana the Countries which adopted democracy after Independence could not retain it continuously but in India working of democracy is still continue after independence.
(a) Tell something about Ghana’s struggle for independence.
Answer:
Ghana was earlier known as Gold Coast which is situated in Africa. Ghana was also a victim of Colonialism and was under the occupation of the British. Kagame Nkrumah led the freedom struggle of Ghana and got the country independent from the British in 1957 A.D.

(b) Briefly tell about Kqame Nkrumah.
Answer:
Kqame Nkrumah was the son of a goldsmith. He led Ghana’s freedom struggle against the British and got his country independent. He became the first Prime Minister of Ghana and later on became the President for the lifetime. But soon in 1966, he was dethroned by a military conspiracy. Military dictatorship was then established in Ghana.

Question 3.
Read the source and answer the following questions :
Democracy is such a structural arrangement where free and fair participation of people is ensured to get the political power. In democarcy the people control the government. Sometime democracy is called as the rule of masses (entire public). But it is merely a hypothesis as all the people are not of the same opinion. Democracy is sometimes called the government of the majority. This is also not appropriate. For example, many times an anarchist becomes successful to win the support of the majority on the basis of violence or misuse of power. Shall we call such a government as democratic?
The freedom to elect is the root or base of democracy. The existence of democracy lies in the difference of opinion. Every person has .his own view to solve national problems. In democracy difference of opinion is shown through ballots and not bullets. There is no place for violence in democracy. In election any ideology becomes successful to win the support of majority of people and becomes successful to hold political power.
(a) What is meant by democracy?
Answer:
Democarcy is a type of government in which government is elected for a fixed period of time through Universal Adult Franchise and this government works for the welfare of people. In this way democracy is such a structural arrangement where free and fair participation of people is ensured to get the political power.

(b) Give features of democracy?
Answer:

Democracy is a type of government.
Right to choose is the main base of democracy.
Government is elected for a fixed period of time.
Every person has the right to cast one vote and value of each vote is same.
Democracy allows us to correct our mistakes.

Question 4.
Read the source and answer the following questions :
In Fiji, the electoral system is such that the vote of an indigenous Fiji has more value than that of an Indian Fijian. In democracy the principle of ‘One person—one vote—one value’ is applicable. Therefore, we can’t call Fiji as a democractic country.
Now we will take an example of Mexico. It became independent in 1930. Mexico holds elections after every six years to elect its President. The power of government never remains in the hands of military or dictator. But until 2000 every election was won by PRI party. Other parties were free to contest the election. But being in power, PRI (Institutional Revolutionary Party) party was known to use unfair means. Government officials and officers were forced to attend meeting of PRI Party. Government teachers were directed to insist the parents to cast their votes in favour of PRI Party. The polling booths were shifted from one place to another in the eleventh hour on polling day so that the opposition leader might not be successful to cast their votes. All these examples reveal that only periodical elections are not sufficient but free and fair poll is essential. If a party wins the election by unfair or suppressive means we will not call it true democracy.
(а) What is meant by free and fair elections?
Answer:
The meaning of free and fair elections is that the elections must take place impartially and without any impact or pressure. Ruling party must not use unfair means to win 6ver the votes and people must choose their representatives without any fear.

(b) Which unfair methods were used in Mexico to win elections?
Answer:
From 1930 to 2000 A.D., only one party in Mexico won elections and the party was PRI. It used following unfair means to win elections.

Government officials were forced to attend meetings of PRI.
Government teachers were directed to insist the parents to cast their votes in favour of PRI.
The polling booths were shifted from one place to another in the eleventh hour on polling day so that the opposition leaders might not be successful to cast their votes.

Question 5.
Read the source and answer the following questions :
India became independent on 15 August, 1947. But the process of making constitution for India had been started before independence. Leaders of India adopted Parliamentary democratic system for India which is the main feature of our constitution. The constitution of India was framed by the Constituent Assembly which was elected indirectly. It took two years, eleven months and eighteen days to frame the constitution.
The demand for the Constituent Assembly for framing Indian Constitution was raised by Congress for the first time in 1935. The British Government accepted it in 1940. The election of Constituent Assembly was made on Nov. 19, 1946 indirectly from the members of the Provincial Legislative Assemblies. The total number of members of the Constituent Assembly was 389, of whom 93 were representatives from the Indian States, 292 from the Provinces (British India) and 4 from the area of Chief Commissioners.
(a) From whom and when India got independence?
Answer:
India got independence from the British on 15th August 1947 A.D.

(b) Give two main features of the Indian Constitution.
Answer:

Indian Constitution is the written constitution and is the lengthiest in the world.
Parliamentary form of government is adopted in India.

(c) How were the members of the Constituent Assembly elected?
Answer:
The demand for framing the Indian Constitution was raised by Congress for the first time in 1935. According to the recommendations of the Constituent Assembly, the members of Constituent Assembly were indirectly elected by the members of the Provincial Legislative Assemblies. The Constituent Assembly had 389 members, of whom 93 were representatives from the Indian States, 292 from the Provinces of the British India and 4 from the area of Chief Commissioners.

Question 6.
Read the source and answer the following questions :
The Preamble to the constitution states the objects which the constitution seeks to establish and promote. It is the window of the constitution from which we can have a glimpse of objectives, principles and features of our constitution.
It is considered to be a part of constitution because it can be amended like other articles of constitution. Though the preamble is not enforceable in a court of Law, it provides a key to the understanding and interpretation of the constitution.
The Preamble declares India as Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic. It ensures to all its citizens justice, social, economic and political. It ensures them liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship. It ensures them equality of opportunity and status among them all. It declares fraternity assuming the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation.
(a) What is meant by the Preamble?
Answer:
Preamble is nothing but the nutshell of the Indian Constitution. The Preamble tells us about the basic objectives and features of the constitution. The Preamble is known as the part of the Indian Constitution.

(b) What is the importance of the Preamble of the Constitution?
Answer:

The Preamble declares India as a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic.
It ensures to all its citizens justice, social, economic and political.
It ensures them liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship.
It ensures them equality of opportunity and status among them all.

Question 7.
Read the source and answer the following questions :
The constitution of India is the largest and the most comprehensive of all the written constitutions of the world. Originally, it consists of 395 Articles and 8 schedules. Now it exists of 12 schedules and many new articles have been added under the original articles. It is extended due to a number of amendments. After 42nd constitutional amendment two new parts 4A & 14A were added to it. The 9th schedule was added in 1951 under first amendment. The 10th schedule regarding ‘Anti Defection Law’ was added in 1985 by 52nd Constitutional Amendment. The 11th schedule regarding power, authority and responsibility of Panchayati Raj Institution was added under 73rd constitutional amendment in 1992. The 12th schedule was added in 1992 under 74th Constitutional Amendment. It is realed to local self-government in Urban area (Municipalities.)
(a) Why is the Indian Constitution lengthiest in the world?
Answer:
The Indian Constitution is lengthiest in the world as originally it had 395 articles and 8 schedules. Later on many new schedules and articles were added in it. Now there are 450 articles and 12 schedules in it. Every minute detail is given in it. Many Constitutional Amendments were added in it and that’s why it has become more lengthy.

(b) What were 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments?
Answer:
To establish local Self Government in the country, 73rd and 74th Amendments were made in the Constitution. According to 73rd Amendment, a three tier structure of Local Self Government was established in rural areas. According to 74th Amendment, Local Self Government was established in urban areas.

Question 8.
Read the source and answer the following questions
In Parliamentary System, Head of the state is President, Governor General, King or Queen. In India, France and Austria, President is the head of the State. In Canada, Australia, New Zealand Governor-General is the head of state while in Japan, England, Denmark, Holland, Sweden and Norway King or Queen is the head of the State. The head of these-countries are titular or nominal executive. The main features of the Parliamentary System is that constitutionally head of the country has enormous powers but practically he does not use these powers. Practically, the cabinet exercises these powers. The hea,d of Parliamentary form of Government is like India’s President. The cabinet runs the administration in the name of State Head but the entire responsibility of Government lies on its shoulder.
(a) What do you mean by Parliamentary form of government.
Answer:
Parliamentary form of government in which government is elected from within the Parliament. It means that the Parliament will be elected by the people and then government will be elected from within the Parliament. The Parliament will keep control over the government which will take Parliament’s permission for every work.

(b) Give features of Parliamentary systeng.
Answer:

In Parliamentary system there is a Head of the State such as the President of India. He is the nominal Head of the country.
Constitutionally, Head of the country is given enormous powers but practically, he does not use all of his powers.
Council of Ministers uses all the powers of the Head of the country. In this way Council of Ministers is responisble to run administration of the country.

Question 9.
Read the source and answer the given questions :
In the Parliamentary system, Prime-Minister leads the cabinet. In the lower house of the Parliament-Prime Minister is the leader of the party with majority. Therefore, he is the leader of the Parliament also. Chief of the state appoints ministers at his recommendations. He presides over the meetings of the cabinet. He decides dates and agenda of cabinet meetings. He consults the cabinet but his decision is final on disputable issues. He distributes the departments among ministers. The Prime- Minister coordinates and supervises the works of ministers. If any minister does not cooperate or is not agreed at his policies then he has to resign. If he does not resign then Prime-Minister can request the President to remove him from his designation. He is the main spokesman of the Government. He informs the President about the decision of the cabinet. He takes the opinion of the President on some specific and important matters. Though he is not bound to follow the opinion of the President yet he thinks over it very seriously.
(a) What is the role of Prime Minister in Parliamentary System?
Answer:
Prime Minister holds the most important position in Parliamentary system because he is the Real Executive Head of country. The President acts only on his advice. Even the President appoints council of ministers on the advice of Prime Minister. He is answerable to the Parliament for his government’s acts. He is actually spokesperson of government.

(b) Discuss functions of Prime Minister.
Answer:

He gets his Council of Ministers appointed by the President.
He divides different departments to Ministers. He can change their departments and, if required, can remove them.
He acts as a link between the President and Council of Ministers.
He informs the President about the decisions of the cabinet.
He represents India at International level.
He presides over the meeting of Council of Ministers.

Question 10.
Read the source and answer the following questions :
All the ministers of the Council of Ministers are responsible to the Parliament. If the parliament passes ‘Censure Motion’ against one minister then whole Council of Ministers, have to resign. If a policy is framed for one department in the Council of Ministers then its responsibility lies on the whole Council of Ministers.
Every minister is personally responsible for his department. If the work of any department is not up to the mark the Prime Minister can ask the minister, of the concerned department to resign. If the minister does not submit his resignation then the Prime Minister can ask the President to remove that minister.
(a) What do you mean by Collective Responsibility of Council of Ministers?
Answer:
The meaning of Collective Responsibility of Council of Ministers is that they are collectively responsible towards Parliament. If a non-confidence motion passes against any minister, the whole of the Council of Ministers will have to resign. It is often said that the Council of Ministers swim and sink together.

(b) What is individual responsibility of Ministers?
Answer:
The meaning of individual responsibility of Ministers is that every minister is responsible for the functioning of his department. If any minister’s department is not working properly, he can be called for an explanation. Members of Parliament can ask any question related to their department and it is must for the ministers to reply. In this way ministers are individually responsible to the Prime Minister and Parliament for the functions of their respective departments.

Question 11.
Read the source and answer the following questions :
Fair and free election is the pillar of democracy. Fair and free election implies that voters should cast his/her vote without any fear or pressure. Secondly, he should not misuse his vote under any temptation. The election commission played a significant role in holding fair and free elections. The evils of elections cannot be eradicated till the voter is not awaken. Undoubtedly, the government made many reforms in this direction, for example under the Anti defection act there is complete prohibition on defection. If a winning candidate changes his party then his candidature will be cancelled. But defection still survives in one or the other form. Before election many candidates are competent for election ticket. Those candidates who are not alloted tickets by their party, join other political parties.
(а) What do you mean by free and fair elections?
Answer:
The meaning of free and fair elections is that the voters must cast their vote without having any fear or pressure. Secondly, they must not sell their vote in lieu of money or anything else. Free and fair elections is one of the important base of democracy and in its absense, democracy cannot work smoothly.

(b) What steps have been taken to eradicate evils of elections?
Answer:
Many evils prevail in election system such as use of money, threatening voters, defection of leaders from one party to another etc. Many efforts are made to remove these evils such as:

According to Anti-Defection Laws, no elected M.P. or M.L.A. can change his party. If he will, his membership would be cancelled.
While filling a nomination form, a candidate will have to fill an affidavit containing information about his wealth, moveable and immoveable property and criminal cases pending against him. It tells the people about the character of that leader.
Each political party has to file Income Tax Return so that people must come to know that how money comes to parties.

Question 12.
Read the source and answer the following questions :
Periodical Election is an essential feature of the Parliamentary democracy. To establish democracy without election is merely a hypothesis. The basic principle of democracy is to entrust the every citizen right to vote at his/her will. There is clear provision in our constitution about the election of President and Vice President. For the remaining elections, Parliament makes provision from time to time. Single voter list is prepared for the election of Lok Sabha, the State Legislative Assemblies and Local bodies. On the basis of regional representation people of all religions and groups elect the candidate. No constituency is made on the basis of any particular religion or group.
(а) What do you mean by Regular or Periodic Elections?
Answer:
The meaning of regular or periodic elections is that the elections must be conducted after a fixed period of time which can be different in different countries. In India, it is 5 years. If elections are not conducted after a fixed period of time, it is a great danger to democracy. So, periodic elections are must and people must get regular chance to elect their leader.

(b) What is the relation of democracy and elections?
Answer:
Democracy and elections are directly related as the former cannot be maintained without the presence of later. In democracy, representatives are directly elected by the people and democracy sustains only because of elections. If there are no elections, there is no democray. The main base of democracy is to provide the people right to elect their representatives. In this way they both are closely related to each other.

Question 13.
Read the source and answer the following questions :
While living in sociey man enjoys many facilities. For example, he is having freedom of speech and expression. He can convey his ideas through speech and writings. He can move freely throughout the territory of India. He can practise any profession or carry on any occupation, trade or business. He can profess or practise any religion. Man can celebrate his rituals and festivals collectively. People have been blessed with the facility to live with their family. But man can enjoy all these facilities while living in the society. In simple language, these facilities can be named as rights. But, no one can enjoy that facility which is not in the interest of the whole society. So, Rights are those genuine demands by Individual or group of Individuals which are recognised by society and state.
(a) What do you mean by Rights?
Answer:
Rights are those genuine demands by an individual or a group of individuals which are recognised by society and state. In other words, rights are such conditions which are must for an individual to live a happy life. In their absence, we cannot live a happy and prosperous life.

(b) What is the importance of Rights in our lives?
Answer:
Rights play an important role in our lives because :

Rights are the facilities to give us a better life.
Rights give us equality in society.
Only with rights, we can express our feelings and can do anything whatever we want.

Question 14.
Read the source and answer the following questions :
In Indian constitution there are some motives for the personality development of citizens and to ensure their honour. Therefore, the maker of our constitution tried to fulfil these motives by enlisting the fundamental rights in the constitution. The democractic nature of any country is known by the fundamental rights entitled to the citizens of that country.
Indian citizens did not have fundamental rights before independence. But demand of fundamental rights was raised time to time in India’s freedom movement. In 1895, Bal Gangadhar Tilak asked the British Government to pass the ‘Swaraj Bill’. The Bill included right to freedom of thought and expression, equality before law and some other rights for Indian people. In 1928, a demand for equal rights for men and women was also raised through ‘Nehru Report’. But the British Government rejected all these demands. In the Government of India Act 1935, the list of fundamental rights for Indian citizens was not incorporated.
(a) How can we come to know that any country is democratic or not?
Answer:
We can only come to know about any country is democratic or not by looking at the fundamental rights provided to the people. If people are provided with all the fundamental rights we can call that country as democratic.

(b) What was the condition of fundamental rights before independence?
Answer:
Before Indian Independence, people had no rights at all because the British government always followed repressive policies. That’s why many a times, basic rights were demanded from the government. In 1895, Bal Gangadhar Tilak demanded from the government to pass Swaraj Bill and certain rights as well. In 1928, a demand for equal rights for men and women was also raised through Nehru Report. But the British Government did not accept the demands. Even rights were not included in the Government of India Act, 1935. But after 1947, when Indian constitution was formed, people were given all the fundamental rights.

Question 15.
Read the source and answer the following questions :
Art. 25 provides freedom of conscience and faith in any religion. This right has been given to justify the aims of India’s being secular as mentioned in the preamble of our constitution. Right to freedom of religion is given to foreigners also.

Art. 26 provides :

Establish and maintain institution for religious and charitable purposes and to preach any religion.
Manage its own affairs in matters of religion and administer such moveable and immoveable .property in accordance with law.

Art. 27 refers that the state cannot compel any citizen to pay any taxes or donations for the promotion or maintenance of any particular religion or religious institutions.
Under Art. 28, no religious instructions can be provided in any educational institution wholly maintained out of state funds. However educational institutions of private sector can give religious education. But they can’t compel any students to participate in it.
(a) What is Right to Freedom of Religion?
Answer:
All the citizens of India are given right to freeedom of religion under Articles 25-28. According to this right, citizens are free to adopt, profess and propagate their religion. No one can force them to adopt any other religion.

(b) Explain Articles 26 and 27 of the Indian constitution.
Answer:
Article 26 :

It establishes and maintains institutions for religious and charitable purposes and preaches any religion.
Manages its own affairs in matters of religion and administers such moveable and immoveable property in accordance with law.

Article 27: It refers that the State cannot compel any citizen to pay any taxes or donations for the promotion or maintenance of any particular religion or religious institutions.

Question 16.
Read the source and answer the following questions :
Power of Judicial review means to sit on judgement over the order of the executive and Laws of the Legislature for their constitutional validity. If any order passed by the executive and a Law passed by a legislature violates the constitution or is not in accordance with the constitution the Supreme Court can declare such an order or Law null and void. The power of judicial review has been entitled to the Supreme Court due to Federal System of the government and of fundamental rights in constitution. This power of judicial review ensures that centre and state government should work in their jurisdiction and should protect the fundamental rights of the citizens.
(а) What is meant by the power of Judical Review?
Answer:
The power of judicial review is given to judiciary in India. According to this, if judiciary feels that any law made by the Parliament is against the basic structure of the constitution, it can declare that law null and void or illegal. In this way judiciary can review any law which is its power of judicial review.

(b) What is the importance of the power of Judicial review?
Answer:
The power of judicial review is quite important because it helps in helping Legislature and Executive under control. If legislative passes any bill against the basic provisions of the Constitution, Judiciary can declare that bill illegal and can restore the basic provisions of the Constitution. Supreme Court is known as the Guardian of the Constitution and through the power of judicial review, constitutional provisions are protected. Due to this power of Judiciary, Central and State governments never violate their jurisdiction and fundamental rights of the citizens.