Class 9

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class English Book Solutions English Paragraph Writing Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 9th Class English Paragraph Writing

1. My Father

My father is an able person. He is a farmer. He is not well-educated. But he knows his work well. He is very hard-working. He is truthful and honest. So people respect him. They greet him respectfully. My father has an open mind. He tries to settle the quarrels among the people of the village. He is the wisest man of the village. He leads a simple and clean life. He does not lose temper with anybody. He is respected by one and all. I am proud of my father.

2. My Mother

Shrimati Asha is my mother. She is 40 years old. She is a kind and noble lady. She is active and smart. She is an M.A. She is a very simple lady. She has good habits. She gets up early in the morning. Then she cleans the house. She takes a bath and prays to God. She goes to temple daily. She prepares food for us. She looks after us all. She helps me in my studies. At night, she tells us stories. She loves me very much. I am proud of my mother. May she live long !

3. My Younger Brother

Surinder is my younger brother. He is twelve years old. He is strong and healthy. He is tall for his age. He is very intelligent. He is honest. He never tells a lie. He is hard-working and obedient. He reads in the 6th class. He is the monitor of his class. He stands first in his class. He does his homework daily. He does not mix with bad boys. All the teachers love him. He is very fond of cricket. He is a member of the school cricket team. He is a good singer also. He is fond of reading storybooks. We are proud of him.

4. The Person I Dislike Most

Mr. Chaudhry, our next-door neighbour, is the person I dislike most. He has made our life miserable. Whenever he sees that we are studying, he switches on his TV at full volume. He has a big dog. He keeps it unchained. Many a time the dog bites people going through the street. Mr. Chaudhry’s wife is a very quarrelsome lady. She quarrels over trifles. She has six children. They make mischiefs all the day. Their mother never scolds them. These children are very rude. They know no manners. They write dirty words on the walls. But nobody dares complain against them to their parents. It is really a curse to have such a neighbour.

5. My School

I read in Arya High School, Ludhiana. It is a very big school. It has one huge gate. It has two storeys. There are fifty rooms. The rooms are airy. Each room has two electric fans. The hall of our school is very big. The school has two big playgrounds. It has a beautiful garden also. There are ten classes in our school.

Each class has four sections. Each section has about sixty students. Our Headmaster is very able. He is very kind to the students. He is very hardworking. The teachers of our school are also able and hard-working. They love the students and the students respect them. Our school shows very good results every year. I love my school. I am proud of it. May it propser day and night!

6. Our Headmaster

Sh. Sohan Lal is the headmaster of our school. He is forty years old. He is tall and strong. He is active and smart. He is an M.A., B.Ed. Our headmaster is true to his duty. He is very punctual. He comes to school in time. He sits in his office. He works very hard. He plans his work well. He is very intelligent. He watches the working of the school. All the teachers and students respect him. He is a good teacher. He is a good speaker. He is a good writer also. He has written many books. He is a good player. He plays games in the evening. He is all in all in our school. We are proud of him. May he live long !

7. The Prize Distribution Function

The prize distribution function of our school was held on the seventh of March this year. The Education Minister presided over the function. The Minister took his seat and the function began. The Headmaster spoke a few words to welcome the guests and the Minister. Then the Headmaster requested the Minister to give away the prizes. The Minister shook hands with the prize-winners. All the prize-winners were loudly cheered. After giving away the prizes, the Minister made a short speech. He congratulated the prize-winners. He congratulated the Headmaster and the staff on their excellent work. In the end, the Headmaster thanked the Minister and the function was over. Tea was served to the guests and the prize-winners.

8. Our School Peon

Ramu is our school peon. He is twenty-five years old. He is tall and strong. He wears a khaki uniform. He is obedient and honest. He is true to his duty. He respects the teachers. He always speaks the truth. He knows his job well. Ramu lives in the school. He gets up early in the morning. He sweeps the school. He dusts the office. He rings the bell at the right time. He is busy the whole day. He is loyal to the school. He looks after the school property. His duty is hard, but his pay is small. I pity his lot.

9. A Postman

The postman is a very useful public servant. His duty is very hard. He has to do his duty in sun and rain. He goes to the Head Post Office in the morning. There he gets the dak. He arranges the letters. He puts them in a bag. Then he goes on his beat. He goes from door to door. He is eagerly waited for. He brings good as well as bad news. He helps to bring the world closer. A postman has to work hard. But his pay is small. He can hardly make both ends meet. I pity his lot.

10. A Rickshaw-Puller 

The life of a rickshaw-puller is very hard. He lives by the sweat of his brow. He pulls heavy loads. He pulls men, women and children. It is very painful to look at him. A rickshaw-puller hardly gets as much as he deserves. People try to give him as little as possible. He has to work in sun and rain from morning till evening. Even then, he gets very little to eat. He is in rags. It is unlucky that even in this age of science men have to work like beasts of burden to earn their bread.

11. The Diwali Festival

Diwali is an important Indian festival. It falls in the month of October or November. It comes twenty days after Dussehra. Shri Ram came back to Ayodhya on this day. Shri Guru Hargobind was set free by the Mughal Emperor on this day. This festival is celebrated in every village and town. Houses and shops are painted in new colours. People light their homes with candles and electric lights. They buy sweets and toys. They distribute gifts among friends and relatives. Children enjoy fireworks at night. On this day, people worship goddess Lakshmi Some people gamble on this day. It is evil. It should be ended.

12. The Dussehra Festival

Dussehra is an important Hindu festival. It comes off in October. Rama defeated Ravar on this day. It marks the victory of good over evil. The festival lasts for ten days. Ram Lila staged at night. Many people come to see this Lila. On the last day, a fair is held. Many people come to see the fair. Everyone looks happy. Effigies of Ravana, Meghnada and Kumbhakarn are set up. Rama shoots arrows at the effigies. At about sunset, Hanumana sets them on fire After this people come back to their homes. They feel happy.

13. The Independence Day

India became a free country on August 15, 1947. So, August 15 is called the Independence Day of India. The British rule came to an end on this day. It is a red-letter day in the history of the country. It is celebrated all over the country with great enthusiasm. On this day, all schools, colleges and offices remain closed. It is a national holiday. Public meetings are held in all towns and cities. A big function is held in Delhi. The Prime Minister unfurls the national flag at the Red Fort. Our freedom is a hard-won freedom. We should protect it.

14. The Republic Day

India became a Republic on January 26, 1950. The Constitution of the country came into force on this day. India became a secular democratic country. The power of government passed into the hands of the common people. All castes, creeds and religions are to be equal in the eyes of the law. It is a red-letter day in the history of the country. It is celebrated all over the country with great enthusiasm. The national flag is unfurled at all the public buildings. A big function is held in Delhi. The President of the country presides over this function. It is worth seeing. This day is a national holiday.

15. Mahatma Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869. He was unlike other boys. He was very gentle. He loved truth. He respected his teachers. After doing law he started practice in India. He did not take up false cases. He went to Africa to fight a case. There he saw the poor Indians. The English treated them badly. Gandhiji fought for their rights for ten years. Then he came back to India. He fought for the freedom of India. He gave us a new way of fighting. It was ‘ahimsa’. It was more powerful than violence. He was able to free India in 1947. He was a real Mahatma. He led a very simple life. He is called the Father of our Nation. A mad person shot him dead on January 30, 1948. Gandhiji’s name will always be remembered.

16. An Ideal Student

An ideal student is a knowledge-seeker in the real sense. He obeys his teachers. He has full confidence in them. He is regular and punctual. He works hard at studies. But he takes part in games also. He does not read cheap and dirty literature. He reads only good and useful books. An ideal student believes in simple living and high thinking. He knows the value of discipline. He does not waste the hard-earned money of his parents. An ideal student is a true patriot. In short, he has all the qualities of head and heart.

17. The Recess Period

The recess is the period of enjoyment. In this period, the students feel happy. They enjoy freedom for some time. As soon as the recess period begins, students rush out of their classrooms. Some of them run to the vendors. They buy things to eat. Others go to the taps to drink water. There is great rush in the playground. Some love to play there while others like to sit under the shady trees. They talk about their friends and teachers. Soon the bell goes. Students run back to their classes. The students feel fresh and start their studies once again.

18. A One-Day Cricket Match

Last Sunday, a one-day cricket match was played between our school and Arya High School. Each team played 40 overs. The match started at 10 a.m. We won the toss. We decided to bat first. Mohan and Gopal were our openers. Mohan made 30 runs and was out. Now Raja came in to bat. He did not play well. He was out for a duck. The next four players made 60 runs. Our team was out at 120 runs. Now it was the turn of Arya High School. They had good openers. They made 60 runs. Their third batsman was a hitter. He made 30 runs. But the other players were soon out. Their team could make only one hundred runs. We won the match by 20 runs. It was really a very interesting match.

19. A Football Match

Last Monday, a football match was played between our school and Khalsa School. It was played on our school grounds. Sh. Jaswant Singh was the referee. He blew the whistle. There was a toss. We won the toss. We chose our side. The match began. At first, the game was slow, but soon it became brisk. All the players played well. Our defence was very strong. There was no goal. The referee blew the whistle for interval. In the second half, Vinod passed the ball on to me. I ran with it into the Then I kicked it hard. It went through the poles. It was a goal. There were loud cheers. The referee blew the whistle. The game was over. We won the march by one goal.

20. A Kabaddi Match

I saw a kabaddi match last Sunday. It was played between our school and New High School. Sh. Mohan Lal was the referee. Many people came to see the match. There was a toss. We won the toss. We chose our side. Then the match began. First of all, our captain went running to the other side. He shouted, “Kabaddi, Kabaddi.” He came back. There was no point. Now it was the turn of New High School.

One of their players came to our side. He was caught. He could not go back. We scored a point. There were loud cheers. We scored more points. New High School team got only 8 points. We had gained 20 points. The referee blew a long whistle. The match came to an end. We won the match by 12 points. It was an interesting match.

21. Morning Walk

Morning walk is the best form of exercise. It costs nothing. It is very useful for our health. It refreshes our mind. It strengthens our body. It saves us from many diseases. Morning walk keeps us fresh for the whole day. It develops in us the habit of rising early. It brings pure thoughts in our mind. The dew drops, the fresh flowers, the chirping birds and the rustling leaves charm our mind. We start loving these objects of natural beauty. Thus, morning walk is useful not only for our body but for our mind also.

22. A Journey by Bus

Last Sunday, I went to Delhi by bus. I went to the bus stand and bought a ticket. A bus bound for Delhi was standing there. I got in and took the front seat. The conductor gave a whistle and the bus started. ‘We were soon out of the city. The driver drove very fast. But he was very good at his job. We felt quite safe. He left many buses behind. I saw farmers working in their fields. Here and there, I saw carts going on the road. The conductor was a jolly fellow. He made the journey pleasant by his witty talk. The bus reached Delhi at 6 p.m. It was a very pleasant journey.

23. A Journey by Train

Last year, I went to Delhi by train. I packed my luggage. I hired a rickshaw. I reached the station. I bought a ticket. I went to the platform. Soon the train arrived. I got into it. There was a great rush. But I was lucky. I got a seat near the window. The train started. I saw many things on the way. Farmers were ploughing the fields. Children were playing. A ticket-checker came. He checked our tickets. A young man was without ticket. He was fined. The train stopped at many stations. I bought a newspaper, I read it. It was 10 a.m. The train reached Delhi. It was a happy journey.

24. A Visit to a Zoo

There is a zoo in our city. I visited it last Sunday. I went with my parents. We bought tickets and went in. First of all, we saw birds. There were many beautiful and rare kinds of birds. We saw parrots, canaries, swallows, peacocks, ducks, cranes, herons, gulls and geese. Then we saw some wild beasts. A lioness and her cub were basking in the sun. They roared now and then. We also saw wolves, tigers, elephants and rhinos. When we were coming back, we saw a muddy pond. There were many big snakes in it. It was fearful to look at them. We stayed in the zoo for about three hours. Then we came back home.

25. A Visit to a Fair 

I went to see a fair last Tuesday. This fair is held every year in our town. It is held in the memory of a pious faqir. Many people go to see this fair. They include men of all religions and faiths. This year I went to see the fair with my parents. We offered flowers at the faqir’s tomb.

Then we went round the fair. There was a temporary bazaar. Stalls were arranged on either side. There was a great hustle and bustle. Sweets were in great demand. Children were enjoying rides in merry-go-rounds. A big shamiana was set up on one side of the fair. Qawalis were being sung there. We sat there for some time. Then we came back home.

26. A Visit to a Circus

A circus came to our town last month. I went to see it with my parents. We bought tickets and went in. We took our seats in the front row. First of all, a young girl came in. She had an umbrella in her hand. She walked on a rope. Then some more girls joined her. They showed various feats in gymnastics. They looked like rubber dolls. One of the girls jumped through a fire ring. Then there were animal shows. An elephant drank water from a bottle. A lion and a goat played with each other. A monkey drove a mini-cycle. The show came to an end at 7 p.m. I liked it very much.

27. A Visit to a Historical Place

During the last spring holidays, I went to Agra. There I visited the Taj. It is built outside the city on the bank of the Yamuna. A large gateway of red stone provides the entrance. The Taj is a large and beautiful building. It stands on a raised platform. In the middle of the platform, there is a splendid white dome. At its four corners, there are four stately towers. Underneath the white dome are the marble tombs of Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan. The whole building is surrounded by a garden on three sides. On the fourth side, the river Yamuna grazes it. No words can describe the beauty of the Taj.

28. A Scene at the Railway Station

Last Sunday, my father went to Delhi. I went to the station to see him off. I bought a ticket and a platform ticket. We went to the platform. There was great hustle and bustle. Some men were buying books at the bookstall. The hawkers were going up and down the platform. The coolies were busy. People were waiting for the train. Soon the train arrived. There was a great rush in it. Some passengers got down. Others got in and took their seats. I got a seat for my father. The engine gave a whistle. The guard waved a green flag. The train again whistled and steamed off. Now there was all quiet on the platform. I came back home.

29. A Scene at the Bus Stand

Last Monday, I went to the bus stand to see off my uncle. The bus stand was humming with life. There were separate parking stands for different routes. A bus was parked at each stand. Men behind the counter were issuing tickets. The conductors were shouting to attract passengers for their respective buses. As soon as a bus was full, the conductor blew his whistle and the bus moved out of the stand. Another one immediately took its place. This activity was going on endlessly. I bought a ticket for my uncle, got him a good seat and then came back home.

30. A House on Fire

It was Sunday. I was sitting in my room with my friend, Atul. Suddenly, we saw clouds of smoke rising in the sky. There was a big fire in the next street. People were running to the site of fire. Children were shouting for help. People brought buckets of water. We also joined them. We threw sand and water on the flames. The fire was put out after half an hour. It was the house of a carpenter. The poor man suffered a big loss. All his wood, grain and money were gone. The house was reduced to ashes. He was very sad at his loss. People felt sorry for him. They gave him food, clothes and some money. The poor carpenter thanked them with folded hands.

31. A Bus Accident

Last Monday, I was travelling from Panipat to Delhi by bus. We had hardly gone twenty kilometres when a dreadful accident took place. All of a sudden a scooterist, coming from a side-road, came in front of the bus. The driver at once applied the brakes, and also turned the bus to one side. All the passengers were thrown off their seats. In no time, the bus went off the road and fell into a ditch. There were loud cries. Many passengers were badly wounded. I, too, got a deep cut on my forehead. Many people gathered there. They helped us to get out of the bus. Luckily there was no death. The scooterist had sped away. I reached home with a bandaged head.

32. A Street Quarrel

Last evening, I was sitting near the window of my room. I saw two children playing in the street. Suddenly, they fell out. Other boys of the street gathered there. None tried to separate them. They kept looking on. Soon, the mothers of both the children reached there. They started abusing each other. They used very dirty words for each other. From hot words, they came to blows. They pulled each other’s hair. Luckily, an elderly woman came there. She separated the fighting ladies. She spoke to them very wisely. The two women realised their mistake. They went back to their homes. Both the children started playing together once again.

33. A Rainy Day

It was the month of July last year. One day, it was very hot. Men and animals were panting. All were perspiring. We longed for a shower of rain. In the afternoon, some clouds appeared in the east. Soon the whole sky was overcast with dark clouds. It started raining heavily. Streets and bazaars were flooded with water. Little children came out and played in the rain. They splashed water over one another. The rain stopped after two hours. It became very cool and pleasant. Streets and bazaars were washed clean. The city gave a fresh look.

34. Life in a Village

The three words that can amply describe the life in a village are — Simple, Pure and Fresh. The villagers are very simple-hearted people. They know no cunning. They are pure in their thoughts and actions. They are very hospitable. They live simply and happily. They have no anxiety. Life in a village is very calm and peaceful. It is free from the noise and din of cities. The air is fresh and health-giving. Says Leo Tolstoy in one of his stories, “A villager’s life is not a fat one, but it is a long one.” He may never grow rich, but he has always enough to eat. In short, we can say that life in a village is worth living.

35. How I Celebrated My Birthday

I gave a party on my birthday. I invited all my friends. The party was held at my house. The party began at 6 p.m. A big cake was placed on a table. All my friends stood round the table. I cut the cake with a knife. My friends and parents chanted three times : ‘Happy Birthday To You.’ Then everybody set to eating. The cake was served to all. It was very tasty. There were many things to eat. Everybody ate to their heart’s content. There was singing and dancing also. Everyone enjoyed the party. It was over by 8 p.m. My friends congratulated me once again and went back to their homes.

36. A Drowning Tragedy

One day, I was picnicking with some of my friends on the riverbank. A boy named Kamal fell into the river. He didn’t know how to swim. I saw him struggling with water. It was a painful sight. I at once jumped into the river. I swam to him and brought him out with great difficulty. He had swallowed a lot of water. He was unconscious. We, at once called a doctor. Someone ran to inform Kamal’s parents. The doctor pressed out the water from Kamal’s belly. Kamal opened his eyes. We felt great relief. After some time Kamal’s parents reached the place. They thanked me and the doctor again and again.

37. The Golden Temple

Amritsar is also called Guru-ki-nagri. It is famous for the Golden Temple. The Temple is situated in the city. It is surrounded by many narrow lanes. The golden shrine built in the middle of the sarover shines at sunrise and sunset. It was built by Guru Arjun Dev Ji. It is a unique experience when Granth Sahib is brought out from the Akal Takhat Sahib amidst chanting of hymns and blowing of bugles.

The Akal Takhat Sahib, facing the Harmandir Sahib, was built by Guru Hargobind Ji. It was used for holding courts. The complex has a museum of rare paintings, books, shashtras, etc. The lives of the Gurus are described through them. There is a big bazaar near Darshani Deori. Gutakas, karas and other articles related to the Sikh religion are sold there. Home-made papad-varian, chura-bangles, dry fruit are also sold in many shops. There are number of hotels and guest houses near the Temple for tourists to stay. There is a sarai also for pilgrims in the Temple. The Golden Temple is indeed a worth-visiting place.

38. Canada

Canada is one of the largest country of the world. Its area is 9,976,139 sq. km. and population is about 32 million. The capital city of Canada is Ottawa. The currency of the country is Canadian dollar. English and French are the official languages of Canada. In winter, the climate of Canada is bitterly cold. In some regions, the mercury may dip to -65°C. The average temperature in Ottawa is from -15°C to -6°C in January.

In July, the average temperature is 15°C to 26°C. The main products of Canada are fruit, vegetables, livestock, tobacco, copper, zinc, iron, salt, oil and natural gas. And major industries of the country are agriculture, forestry, food processing, transport, chemicals, oil and gas refining and cement. Vehicles, machinery, food stuffs, natural gas, meat, coal and timber are exported to other countries. Canada is one of the most developed nations of the world.

39. Aruna Asif Ali

Aruna Asif Ali is known as the Grand Old Lady of India. She took active part in the Independence movement. She was born in an orthodox Hindu Bengali family in 1909 at Kalka. She married a Muslim, Mr. Asif Ali, thus breaking all conventions regarding marriage. Her husband, Mr. Asif Ali, was also involved in the freedom struggle. Aruna Asif Ali took part in Salt Satyagrah under the leadership of Gandhiji.

She addressed many public meetings and led processions for the cause of India’s independence from the British rule. As a result, she was sentenced to one-year imprisonment. But she didn’t give up the cause for which she was fighting against the British rule. She was again sentenced to jail.

She became the editor of the newspaper ‘Inquilab’. After Independence, she became a social worker. She fought for the rights of women. In 1992 she received Nehru Award for International Understanding. She passed away in July 1996. She was honoured with Bharat Ratna posthumously.

40. The Tribals of Odisha 

There are many tribal groups in Odisha. They live in remote places. One such group lives in the forests of Kalahandi. These people are one of most backward tribes in the world. They have dark skin and black hair. The women wear bright-coloured saris while the men wear nothing but loincloth.

They still believe that India is ruled by kings. These people are illiterate as they do not have any facility of schooling, means of transportation and proper motorable roads. As a result, they are cut off from the rest of the world. They do not have any idea of currency notes. They still use barter system.

They usually live in groups and each group has common property. They cure diseases with herbs and set bones by rubbing oils. The government should launch schemes to educate them and bring them to the mainstream of the nation.

41. An Incident of Burglary

Mr. Ramanathan is an affluent businessman of our town. One day, he with his family went out of the town to attend a wedding. There was nobody at home and the house was locked from outside. A thief broke into the house at night. He decamped with the jewellery, valuables and money.

But the neighbours had seen the lights on and they informed the police about it. The police came along with a dog. They found the thief’s glove. The dog sniffed the scent of the thief. It took the policemen to the thief’s place. Thus the thief was arrested and the case was solved. The policemen were rewarded by the department for their efficiency.

42. Floods in Mumbai

On July 26, 2005, I was busy shopping in a famous crowded market, although it was raining. Gradually, it started raining heavily. Now, it was impossible to go from there. Therefore, I took shelter in a shop. Soon, the place got flooded and water started entering the shops. The articles in the shops started floating in the water and the shopkeeper tried to retrieve valuable articles. The entire area was submerged in the flood water.

Many vehicles couldn’t move in the flood water. The people had to stay in them. Some other people took shelter in shops and houses. Suddenly, it started raining like hell. Now water in the shops and houses rose up to 6-7 feet. The people had to move to first floor. In no time the army swung into action. The volunteers of many NGO’s started helping the affected people with food and water. All this went on for more than 24 hours. It was really a horrifying experience which I can never forget.

43. The Lohri Festival

Lohri is a festival of fun and frolic. It is generally celebrated on 13th of January every year. This festival is related to the folklore of Dulla Bhatti. At sunset, people light up bonfires in the open in front of their houses. Lohri is celebrated with more enthusiasm in the families where there is a newborn son or a newly married person.

Giddha or Bhangra is performed to the beats of the drums. On the day of Lohri, children go singing from house to house asking for money and sweets. Lohri is a busy festival. People meet their friends and relatives and exchange greetings and gifts.

44. How to Make Papier-mache -Toys

In order to make toys with papier-mache, old newspaper sheets are taken. They are torn into small pieces. These pieces are soaked in water overnight. Next day, the mixture is boiled for half an hour. After that, the mixture is whipped till it becomes soft and pulpy.

The water is squeezed out from the mixture and two tablespoons of white gum are added into it. The mixture is stirred well and then the toys are made from it. These toys are left to dry overnight or more. Then they are painted with water-based colour. To make these toys waterproof, two or three coats of lacquer are given on them. Masks can also be made in the same manner.

45. How to Make Gajrela

It is very easy to make gajrela at home. Take three kilograms of large carrots and wash them properly. Then grate the carrots. Mix 242 litres milk with the carrots. After that put the mixture in a pan and boil it till the mixture becomes very thick. Add 3/4 cup of sugar and 250 gm of khoya in the mixture.

Stir the mixture till it becomes thick. Stir it continuously as the mixture should not stick to the pan. Now remove the pan from the fire. Add nuts to it. Your gajrela is ready. Let it cool before serving. It can also be served hot.

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 12 Heron’s Formula Ex 12.1 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 12 Heron’s Formula Ex 12.1

Question 1.
A traffic signal board, indicating ‘SCHOOL AHEAD’, is an equilateral triangle with side ‘a’. Find the area of the signal board, using Heron’s formula. If its perimeter is 180 cm, what will be the area of the signal board?
Answer:
In equilateral ∆ ABC, the length of each side is a.
∴ a = a, b = a, c = a
and semiperimeter s = \(\frac{a+b+c}{2}\) = \(\frac{a+a+a}{2}\) = \(\frac{3}{2}\)a
Now,
s – a = \(\frac{3}{2}\)a – a = \(\frac{1}{2}\)a,
s – b = \(\frac{3}{2}\)a – a = \(\frac{1}{2}\)a, and
s – c = \(\frac{3}{2}\)a – a = \(\frac{1}{2}\)a,

Now, the perimeter of equilateral ∆ ABC is 180 cm.
∴ Length of each side = \(\frac{180}{3}\) = 60 cm and
semiperimeter s = \(\frac{180}{2}\) = 90 cm.
Here, a = b = c = 60 cm and s = 90 cm
∴ s – a = 90 – 60 = 30 cm,
s – b = 90 – 60 = 30 cm and
s – c = 90 – 60 = 30 cm.
Area of ∆ ABC = \(\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}\)
= \(\sqrt{90 \times 30 \times 30 \times 30}\) cm²
= \(\sqrt{3 \times 900 \times 900}\) cm²
= 30 × 30 × √3 cm²
= 900 √3 cm²

Question 2.
The triangular side walls of a flyover have been used for advertisements. The sides of the walls are 122 m, 22 m and 120 m (see the given figure). The advertisements yield an earning of ₹ 5000 per m² per year. A company hired one of its walls for 3 months. How much rent did it pay?

Answer:
For triangular side wall of the flyover,
a = 122 m, b = 120 m and c = 22 m.
Semiperimeter s = \(\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
= \(\frac{122+120+22}{2}\)
= \(\frac{264}{2}\)
= 132 m
Area of triangular side wall
= \(\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}\)
= \(\sqrt{132(132-122)(132-120)(132-22)}\) m²
= \(\sqrt{132 \times 10 \times 12 \times 110}\) m²
= \(\sqrt{12 \times 11 \times 10 \times 12 \times 11 \times 10}\) m²
= 12 × 11 × 10 m²
= 1320 m²
∴ Annual rent of one wall = ₹ (1320 × 5000)
∴ Rent of one wall for 3 months
= ₹ (1320 × 5000 × \(\frac{3}{12}\))
= ₹ 16,50,000

Question 3.
There is a slide in a park. One of its side walls has been painted in some colour with a message “KEEP THE PARK GREEN AND CLEAN” (see the given figure). If the sides of the wall are 15 m, 11m and 6 m, find the area painted in colour.

Answer:
The lengths of the triangular side wall are
15 m, 11m and 6 m.
∴ a = 15 m, b = 11m, c = 6m and
semiperimeter s = \(\frac{a+b+c}{2}\) = \(\frac{15+11+6}{2}\) = \(\frac{32}{2}\) = 16 cm
Then, s – a = 16 – 15 = 1 m,
s – b = 16 – 11 = 5 m, and
s – c = 16 – 6 = 10m.
Area of the triangular region painted in colour
= \(\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}\)
= \(\sqrt{16 \times 1 \times 5 \times 10}\) m²
= \(\sqrt{16 \times 5 \times 5 \times 2}\) m²
= 4 × 5 × √2 m²
= 20√2 m²

Question 4.
Find the area of a triangle two sides of which are 18 cm and 10 cm and the perimeter is 42 cm.
Answer:
Here, perimeter of the triangle = 42 cm
∴ Semiperimeter s = \(\frac{42}{2}\) = 21 cm.
Now, a = 18 cm and b = 10 cm.
s = \(\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
∴ 21 = \(\frac{18+10+c}{2}\)
∴ 42 = 28 + c
∴ c = 14 cm
Now,
s – a = 21 – 18 = 3 cm,
s – b = 21 – 10 = 11 cm and
s – c = 21 – 14 = 7 cm.
Area of a triangle = \(\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}\)
= \(\sqrt{21 \times 3 \times 11 \times 7}\) cm²
= \(\sqrt{21 \times 21 \times 11}\) cm²
= 21√11 cm²

Question 5.
Sides of a triangle are in the ratio of 12 : 17 : 25 and its perimeter is 540 cm. Find its area.
Answer:
Suppose the sides of the triangle measure 12x cm, 17x cm and 25x cm.
Perimeter of a triangle = Stun of three sides
∴ 540 = 12x + 17x + 25x
∴ 540 = 54x
∴ x = 10
Then, the measures of the sides of the triangle are,
a = 12 × 10 = 120 cm,
b = 17 × 10 = 170 cm and
c = 25 × 10 = 250 cm.
Now, s – a = 270 – 120 = 150 cm,
s – b = 270 – 170 = 100 cm and
s – c = 270 – 250 = 20 cm.
Area of a triangle
= \(\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}\)
= 7\(\sqrt{270(150)(100)(20)}\) cm²
= \(\sqrt{270 \times 30 \times 5 \times 100 \times 5 \times 4}\) cm²
= \(\sqrt{8100 \times 25 \times 400}\) cm²
= \(\sqrt{(90)^{2} \times(5)^{2} \times(20)^{2}}\) cm²
= 90 × 5 × 20 cm²
= 9000 cm²

Question 6.
An isosceles triangle has perimeter 30 cm and each of the equal sides is 12 cm. Find the area of the triangle.
Answer:
Let, the sides of the isosceles triangle be a = 12 cm, b = 12 cm and c cm.
Perimeter of triangle = Sum of three sides
∴ 30 = 12 + 12 + c
∴ 30 = 24 + c
∴ c = 6 cm
Now, semiperimeter s = \(\frac{\text { Perimeter }}{2}\) = \(\frac{30}{2}\) = 15 cm
Then, s – a = 15 – 12 = 3 cm,
s – b = 15 – 12 = 3 cm and
s – c = 15 – 6 = 9 cm.
Area of a triangle = \(\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}\)
= \(\sqrt{15 \times 3 \times 3 \times 9}\) cm²
= \(\sqrt{15 \times 9 \times 9}\) cm²
= 9 √15 cm²

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 11 Constructions Ex 11.2 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 11 Constructions Ex 11.2

Question 1.
Construct a triangle ABC in which BC = 7cm, ∠B = 75° and AB + AC = 13cm.
Answer:

Steps of construction:

1. Draw any ray BX. With centre B and radius 7 cm draw an arc to intersect BX at C.
2. At B, construct ∠YBC with measure 75°.
3. With centre B and radius 13 cm, draw an arc to intersect BY at M.
4. Draw line segment MC. Draw the perpendicular bisector of MC to intersect BM at A.
5. Draw line segment AC.
   Then, ∆ ABC is the required triangle.

Question 2.
Construct a triangle ABC in which BC = 8 cm, ∠B = 45° and AB – AC = 3.5 cm.
Answer:

Steps of construction:

1. Draw any ray BX and from that obtain the line segment BC of length 8 cm.
2. At B, draw ray BY such that ∠YBC = 45°.
3. With centre B and radius 3.5 cm, draw an arc to intersect ray BY at D.
4. Draw line segment DC. Draw the perpendicular bisector of DC to intersect ray BY at A.
5. Draw line segment AC.
   Then, ∆ ABC is the required triangle.

Question 3.
Construct a triangle PQR in which QR = 6 cm, ∠Q = 60° and PR – PQ = 2 cm.
Answer:

Steps of construction:

1. Draw any ray QX and from that obtain the line segment QR of length 6 cm.
2. At Q, construct ray QY such that Z YQR = 60°.
3. Produce ray QY on the side of Q to obtain ray QZ. Obtain point S on ray QZ such that QS = 2 cm.
4. Draw line segment RS. Draw the perpendicular bisector of RS to intersect QY at E
5. Draw line segment PR.
   Then, ∆ PQR is the required triangle.

Question 4.
Construct a triangle XYZ in which ∠Y = 30°, ∠Z = 90° and XY + YZ + ZX = 11 cm.
Answer:

Steps of construction:

1. Draw any ray AP and from that obtain the line segment AB of length 11 cm.
2. Construct ray AL such that ∠LAB = 30°.
3. Construct ray BM such that ∠MBA = 90°.
4. Draw the bisectors of ∠LAB and ∠MBA to intersect each other at X.
5. Draw line segment XB. Draw the perpendicular bisector of XB to intersect AB at Z.
6. Draw line segment XA. Draw the perpendicular bisector of XA to intersect AB at Y.
7. Draw line segments XY and XZ.
   Then, ∆ XYZ is the required triangle.

Question 5.
Construct a right triangle whose base is 12 cm and sum of its hypotenuse and other side is 18 cm.
Answer:

Steps of construction:

1. Draw any ray BX and from that obtain the line segment BC of length 12 cm.
2. Construct ray BY such that ∠YBC = 90°.
3. Taking B as centre and radius 18 cm, draw an arc to intersect BY at M.
4. Draw line segment CM. Draw the perpendicular bisector of CM to intersect BM at A.
5. Draw line segment AC.
   Then, ∆ ABC is the require triangle in which ∠B is a right angle, BC = 12 cm and AB + AC = 18 cm.

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class English Book Solutions English Letter Writing Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 9th Class English Letter Writing

Important Applications

Application For Marriage Leave

Suppose you are Gopal Singh. You are a student of IX-A class of A.S. High School, Khanna. Write an application to the Headmaster of your school for marriage leave.
Answer:
The Headmaster
A.S. High School
Khanna
Sir
I beg to say that my elder brother’s marriage takes place next week. I have much work to do. So I cannot come to school. Kindly grant me leave for five days. I shall be very thankful to you for this kindness.
Yours obediently
Gopal Singh
Roll No. 25
IX-A
15 March 20_ _.

Application For Leave
Due To Urgent Work

Suppose you are Gopal. You are a student of IX-A class of A.B. Sr. Sec. School, Ludhiana.You have an urgent piece of work at home. Write an application for leave to your Principal.
Answer:
The Principal
A.B. Sr. Sec. School
Ludhiana
Sir.
I beg to say that I have an urgent piece of work at home. So I cannot come to school. Kindly grant me leave for today. I shall be thankful to you for this kindness.
Yours obediently
Gopal
Roll No. 25
IX-A
5 March 20_ _.

Application For Remission Of Fine

Suppose you are Satish Kumar. You are a student of IX-B class of Govt. High School, Amritsar. Write an application to your Headmaster for the remission of fine.
Answer:
The Headmaster
Govt. High School.
Amritsar
Sir
Our English teacher gave us a test on Monday. That day, I was suffering from high fever. So I could not take the test. The teacher fined me ten rupees. I wanted to take the test, but couldn’t due to my illness. Kindly remit my fine and oblige.
Yours obediently
Satish Kumar
Roll No. 52
IX-B
5 February 20_ _.

Application For Full Fee-Concession

Suppose you are Sham Singh. You are a student of IX-B class of Govt. High School, Ludhiana. Write an application to the Headmaster of your school, requesting him to grant you full fee-concession.
Answer:
The Headmaster
Govt. High School !
Ludhiana
Sir
I am a student of IX-B of your school. My father is a peon. His pay is very small. He cannot pay my school fees. I am good at my studies. I am also a member of the Football Eleven. My teachers are pleased with me. I was a free student last year. Kindly grant me full fee-concession this year also. I shall be thankful to you for this kindness.
Yours obediently
Sham Singh
Roll. No. 25
IX-B
4 March 20_ _.

Application For School Leaving Certificate

Suppose you are Anil Kumar. You are a student of IX-E class of A.B.C. High School, Moga. Write an application to the Headmaster of your school to issue your school leaving certificate.
Answer:
The Headmaster
A.B.C. High School
Moga
Sir
I beg to say that I am a student of IX-E of your school. My father has been transferred to Shimla. My parents are leaving for Shimla next week. I cannot stay here alone. I am sorry to leave such a good school, but I can’t help it. My father has signed the application. Kindly issue me my school leaving certificate and oblige.
Yours obediently
Anil Kumar
Roll No. 32
IX-E
15 April 20_ _.

Application For Change Of Section

Suppose your name is Robin. You are a student of IX-B class of Guru Nanak Public School, Ludhiana. Write an application to the Principal of your school, requesting him to change your section.
Answer:
The Principal
Guru Nanak Public School
Ludhiana
Sir
I am a student of IX-B of your school. All my friends are in Section A of class IX. Some boys of IX-A live in our street. They can help me whenever I am unable to attend school. They can help me in other ways also. Kindly shift my name from IX-B to X-A and oblige.
Thanking you
Yours obediently
Robin
IX-B
15 March 20_ _.

Permission To Pay The Fees Late :

Suppose you are Charanjit Singh. You are a student of IX-A class of Govt. High School, Khanna. Write an application to the Headmaster of your school requesting him to permit you to pay your fees for the month late by ten days.
Answer:
The Headmaster
Govt. High School
Khanna
Sir
I beg to say that I am a student of IX-A of your school. Tomorrow is the fee day and I am unable to pay it. My father has gone to Delhi. He will come back in ten days. Kindly allow me to pay my fees late by ten days.
Thanking you
Yours obediently
Charanjit Singh
IX-A
9 March 20 – -.

Permission To Go On A Historical Tour

Suppose you are Pardeep Sikka. You are a student of Ix-B class of Govt. Senior Secondary School, Ludhiana. Write an application to your Principal, requesting him to permit your class to go on a historical tour.
Answer:
The Principal
Govt. Senior Secondary School
Ludhiana
Sir
Our school is closing for the summer vacation next week. We, the students of class IX, want to go on a historical tour. We want to see the Taj Mahal. We also want to see Fatehpur Sikri. On our way back, we want to go round Delhi also. The trip will be very useful for us as students of History. It will add to our knowledge. Kindly allow us and also help us to arrange this trip.
Yours obediently
Pardeep Sikka
(Monitor, Class IX-B)
9 March 20_ _.

Important Letter:

To Father For Money
Suppose you are Surjit Singh, living in the boarding house of your school. Write a letter to your father, requesting him to send you money to pay the examination fee.
Answer:
24 Boarding House
Arya High School
Nawan Shahar
2 February 20_ _.
47 Deep Nagar
Banga
My dear Father Our annual examination comes off in the month of March. We have filled in our admission forms. I have to deposit the examination fee. The last date is 15th February. I have also to pay the school fee. Please send me two hundred rupees. With love and respect to you and dear mother.
Yours affectionately
Surjit Singh

Invitation To Brother’s Marriage

Suppose you are Manish Kumar. You live at 35, Main Bazaar, Amritsar. Write a letter to your friend, inviting him to your brother’s marriage.
Answer:
35 Main Bazaar
Amritsar
4 March 20_ _.
45 Mall Road
Shimla
My Dear Kundan
You will be glad to know that the marriage of my elder brother comes off on March 19, 20_ _. The marriage party will leave for Delhi early in the morning that day. We shall stay in Delhi for two days. I want you to join the marriage party. You know that Delhi is a historical city. There are many buildings worth seeing. We will see the Red Fort, the Qutub Minar and the Jantar Mantar. Mohan and Sohan are also coming. They will reach here on Sunday. We will have good time together. I hope that you will reach in time.
Yours sincerely
Manish Kumar

Explaining The Cause Of Your Failure

Imagine you are Kishore. You live at 21, Model Town, Hoshiarpur. Write a letter to your father, explaining the cause of your failure and promising to do better in the Annual Examination.
Answer:
21 Model Town
Hoshiarpur
17 March 20_ _.
53 Malik Road
Patiala
My dear Father I am very sorry to inform you that I have failed in the last House Examination. I fail in English, Maths and Science. But believe me, father, I am not to blame for it. My failure is not due to any carelessness on my part. I put in hard work. But as ill luck would have it, I fell ill just before the examination. I had high fever. I could not revise my courses. So I was unable to do my papers well. Dear Father, I promise to do better in the Annual Examination. I request you not to mind my failure.
Your loving son
Kishore

To Father About Your Studies

Imagine you are Harinder Singh. You live in the boarding house. Your father wants to know . about your progress at school. Write a letter to him, telling him how you are getting on at school.
Answer:
Boarding House
D.A.V. School
Phagwara
15 March 20_ _.
157 Model Town
Amritsar
My dear Father I am very glad to receive your loving letter. You have asked me about how I am getting on at school. You will be glad to learn that I am quite happy here. I have made some good friends. They are hard-working and gentle. The warden of our hostel is very nice to me. I don’t feel lonely here. As for my studies, I am doing quite well. We are having a test next week. I hope to do very well in English and Mathematics. In other subjects, too, I am doing well. I take interest in games also. I have become a member of the hockey eleven. I attend the playground regularly.
With regards
Yours affectionately
Harinder Singh.

Advice To Take Part In Games

Suppose you are Varun. You live at 18, Shakti Nagar, Sangrur. Write a letter to your younger brother, scolding him for not taking part in games.
Answer:
18 Shakti Nagar
Sangrur
19 February 20 – -.
2 Nehru Market
Shimla
My dear Raman
I have just received a letter from Sushma. I am sorry to learn that you are gone very weak in health. You often fall ill also. No doubt, you are doing quite well in studies. But dear brother, this is not good. Overwork will tell upon your health. You must know that games are as useful as studies. They make us active and smart. They keep us healthy. They teach us many good habits. So you must take part in games. I trust you will act upon my advice.
With love
Your loving brother
Varun.

Inviting A Friend To Your Birthday Party

Suppose you are Baljit Singh living at 46, Model Town, Jalandhar City. Invite your friend Manoj to your birthday party.
Answer:
46 Model Town
Jalandhar City
5 March 20 _ _.
14 New Colony
Gurdaspur
My dear Manoj
My birthday is on 12th March. I am inviting all my friends. You must come. We will have a big party. My father is getting a big cake for me. There will be ice cream, biscuits and fruit to eat. Cold drinks will also be served. It will be a nice time to eat, drink and dance together. After the party, we shall go to the rose garden. There we shall play games. We shall also enjoy a ride in the mini-train. Please do come.
With love
Yours sincerely
Baljit Singh.

Invitation To Sister’s Marriage

Imagine you are Harpreet. Write a letter to your friend, inviting him to your sister’s wedding.
Answer:
36 Nehru Nagar
Ludhiana
2 Feb. 20 _ _.
602 Kundan Puri
Dalhousie
My dear Sanjay
You will be glad to know that my elder sister’s marriage comes off on Feb. 16. My sister is very lucky. She has got a very good match. Her in-laws are a very respectable family. They belong to Delhi. The bridegroom is a doctor. As the day of marriage is drawing near, we are becoming more and more busy. The time is short. All preparations are yet to be made. I need your help. You should reach here as soon as possible. I shall be glad to see you here.
With love
Yours sincerely
Harpreet.

Congratulating On Recovery From Illness

Suppose you are Parmvir. You live at Kamala Niwas, the Mall, Patiala. Write a letter to your friend, Satish, expressing your sense of relief at his recovery from a long illness.
Answer:
Kamala Niwas
The Mall
Patiala
15 May 20_ _.
102 Ashok Nagar
Ludhiana.
Dear Satish
I am very glad to learn that you have recovered from your illness. I heartily congratulate you on your recovery. I was so unhappy when I heard that you were down with typhoid. Thank God that you have got well. Please take complete rest for some days more. Be very careful about your diet now. Follow the advice of your doctor. Take only milk and fruit for some days. When you pick up strength, do go out for a walk in the mornings. It will do you a lot of good. I shall come to see you on Sunday.
With best wishes
Yours sincerely
Parmvir.

Invitation For Summer Vacation

Suppose you are Sohan. You live at 234, Mohan Pura, Phagwara. Write a letter to your friend, asking him to spend a part of his summer vacation with you.
Answer:
234 Mohan Pura
Phagwara
18 June 20 _ _.
15 Naya Bazaar
Amritsar
My dear Gopal
I am very glad to know that your school also has broken up for the summer vacation. We are going to Shimla. I invite you to spend your vacation with us at Shimla. Shimla is a beautiful hill station. There the air is cool and bracing. We shall go round the various beauty spots there. Hiking among the mountains has a joy of its own. We shall have long walks on the hills. We shall have a good time together. My parents will be glad to have you with us. We will leave for Shimla on 25 June. Kindly write me the time and date of your arrival.
Yours sincerely
Sohan.

Sympathising On Failure

Imagine you are Kamal. You live at 15, New Colony, Jalandhar. Write a letter to your friend who has failed in the examination, asking him not to lose heart but to try again.
Answer:
15 New Colony
Jalandhar
18 March 20 _ _.
370 Nai Basti
Ambala
Dear Ram
I am sad to learn that you have failed in the 8th class examination. In fact, your failure didn’t surprise me much. You did your best. But you fell ill just before your examination. The doctor had advised you complete rest yet you appeared in the examination. Please don’t lose heart. After all you are not to blame. Work hard for the next year. God will bless you with success next time.
Yours sincerely
Kamal.

To Landlord For Repairs

Suppose you are Pardeep Kumar. You live at 554, Shivaji Nagar, Ludhiana. Write a letter to your landlord for getting the house repaired.
Answer:
554 Shivaji Nagar
Ludhiana
15 March 20_ _.
102 Shastri Nagar
Ludhiana
Dear Mr. Gupta
I beg to draw your kind attention to the bad condition of your house I am living in. There are big cracks in the walls. The roofs leak during the rains. The whitewash is falling off. Most of the windowpanes are broken. The kitchen door can give way any moment.Last year, many of our household articles were spoiled by rain. I reported the fact to you. You promised to effect the repairs before the next rainy season. Now the rainy season is about to set in. So I request you to effect the necessary repairs.
Yours truly
Pardeep Kumar

Complaint Against The Postman

Imagine you are Ram. You live at 44, Railway Road, Amritsar. Write a letter to the Postmaster, bringing to his notice the irregular delivery of your letters.
Answer:
44 Railway Road
Amritsar
9 March 20 _ _.
The Postmaster
General Post Office
Amritsar
Sir
I am very sorry to report that my letters are not properly delivered to me. Ram Lal, the postman of our area, is very careless. Often he comes very late. He does not do his duty honestly. On the outer wall of my house, I have put up a letter-box. It bears my name. But the postman never puts my letters into this box. He often throws them in at the gate. Sometimes he hands them to the children in the street. Many important letters are thus lost. Kindly look into the matter and take suitable action.
Yours faithfully
Ram

Complaint About Insanitation

Imagine you are Amar Singh. You live at 1035, Model Town, Patiala. Write a letter to the Health Officer of your city, complaining about the insanitary condition of your locality.
Answer:
1035 Model Town
Patiala
16 March 20_ _.
The Health Officer
Nagar Nigam
Patiala
Sir.
I beg to draw your attention to the insanitary condition of our street. Mainly poor people live in this area. Perhaps, that is why, no Sanitary Inspector has ever visited it. There are very few proper drains here. These drains are not cleaned regularly. They are never flushed with water. No dustbins have been provided. People throw all their refuse here and there. Flies and mosquitoes buzz about. All this gives this street a very dirty look. I hope you will surely take suitable action to improve the sanitary condition of our street.
Thanking you
Yours faithfully
Amar Singh.

About Loss Of Bicycle

Imagine you are Onkar Verma. You are living at 70, Adarsh Nagar, Jalandhar. Report to the police about the loss of your bicycle.
Answer:
70 Adarsh Nagar
Jalandhar
25 August 20 _ _.
The Station House Officer Division No. 1 Jalandhar City Sir I want to report the loss of my bicycle. Its make is Atlas. I went to the local D.C.M. store at 4 p.m. yesterday. I came out after half an hour. I found my cycle missing. I asked many persons, but no one could give me any clue. Mine is a new cycle. I purchased it only last month. It is of red colour. Its number is D – 4144207. It has a carrier and a bell. Its chain cover bears my name. Kindly help me to find my cycle.
Yours faithfully
Onkar Verma

Ordering Books

Write a letter to a bookseller, ordering books by V.P.P.
Answer:
Baldev Book Shop
Model Town
Sirsa
13 July 20 _ _.
Messrs Malhotra Book Depot Railway Road Jalandhar City Dear Sirs Kindly send us the following books by V.P.P. All the books should be of the latest edition. We need them immediately since they are in great demand. Please send them at your earliest.
1. Modern English Grammar (Class X) 40 copies
2. MBD Physics (Class X) …………… 30 copies
3. MBD Chemistry (Class X) ………… 50 copies
4. MBD Mathematics (Class X) …………….. 40 copies
Yours sincerely
Baldev Krishan
(Partner)

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 13 Surface Areas and Volumes Ex 13.9 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 13 Surface Areas and Volumes Ex 13.9

Question 1.
A wooden bookshelf has external dimensions as follows : Height =110 cm, Depth = 25 cm, Breadth = 85 cm (see the given figure). The thickness of the plank is 5 cm everywhere. The external faces are to be polished and the inner faces are to be painted. If the rate of polishing is 20paise per cm2 and the rate of painting is 10 paise per cm2, find the total expenses required for polishing and painting the surface of the bookshelf.

Answer:
Outer faces to be polished:

• One face on back side of the bookshelf, measuring 110 cm × 85 cm.
• Two faces on the sides, each of those measuring 110 cm × 25 cm.
• The top and the base, each of those measuring 85 cm × 25 cm.
• Two vertical strips on the front side, each of those measuring 110 cm × 5 cm.
• Four horizontal strips on the front side, each of those measuring 75 cm × 5 cm.

Thus, total area of region to be polished
= [(110 × 85) + 2(110 × 25) + 2 (85 × 25) + 2(110 × 5) + 4(75 × 5)] cm²
= (9350 + 5500 + 4250 + 1100+ 1500) cm²
= 21700 cm²
20 paise per cm² = ₹ 0.20 per cm²
Cost of polishing 1 cm2 region = ₹ 0.20
∴ Cost of polishing 21700 cm² region
= ₹ (21700 × 0.20)
= ₹ 4340

Inner faces to be painted:

• Two faces on the sides each of those measuring 90 cm × 20 cm.
• Two faces each of two shelves, the top face and the bottom face, in all six face, each of those measuring 75 cm × 20 cm.
• Face on the back side, measuring 90 cm × 75 cm.

Thus, total area of the region to be painted
= [2 (90 × 20) + 6 (75 × 20) + (90 × 75)] cm²
= (3600 + 9000 + 6750) cm²
= 19350 cm²
10 paise per cm² = ₹0.10 per cm²
Cost of painting 1 cm² region = ₹ 0.10
∴ Cost of painting 19350 cm² region = ₹ (19350 × 0.10) = ₹ 1935
Then, the total expense of polishing and painting = ₹ 4340 + ₹ 1935 = ₹ 6275

Question 2.
The front compound wall of a house is decorated by wooden spheres of diameter 21 cm, placed on small supports as shown in the given figure. Eight such spheres are used for this purpose, and are to be ‘ painted silver. Each support is a cylinder of radius 1.5 cm and height 7 cm and is to be painted black. Find the cost of paint required if silver paint costs 25 paise per cm² and black paint costs 5 paise per cm².

Answer:
For each wooden sphere,
radius r = \(\frac{\text { diameter }}{2}\) = \(\frac{21}{2}\) cm
Curved surface area of 1 sphere
= 4πr²
= 4 × \(\frac{22}{7}\) × \(\frac{21}{2}\) × \(\frac{21}{2}\) cm²
= 1386 cm²
For each cylindrical support, radius r = 1.5 cm and height h = 7 cm.
Area of top of cylindrical support
= πr²
= \(\frac{22}{7}\) × 1.5 × 1.5 cm²
= 7.07 cm² (approx.)
Hence, the area of each sphere to be painted silver = 1386 cm² – 7.07 cm² = 1378.93 cm²
∴ Total area of eight spheres to be painted silver = 1378.93 cm² × 8 = 11031.44 cm²
25 paise per cm² = ₹ 0.25 per cm²
Cost of painting silver in 1 cm² region = ₹ 0.25
∴ Cost of painting silver in 11031.44 cm² region
= ₹ (11031.44 x 0.25)
= ₹ 2757.86 (approx.)
Curved surface area of 1 cylindrical support
= 2πrh
= 2 × \(\frac{22}{7}\) × 1.5 × 7 cm
= 66 cm²
∴ Total area of eight cylindrical supports to be painted black = 66 cm² × 8 = 528 cm²
5 paise per cm² = ₹ 0.05 per cm²
Cost of painting black in 1 cm² region = ₹ 0.05
∴ Cost of painting black in 528 cm² region = ₹ (528 × 0.05)
= ₹ 26.40
Thus, the total cost of painting = ₹ 2757.86 + ₹ 26.40
= ₹ 2784.26 (approx.)

Question 3.
The diameter of a sphere is decreased by 25 %. By what per cent does its curved surface area decrease?
Answer:
Suppose, the initial diameter of the sphere is d units and radius is r units.
∴ d = 2r
Original curved surface area of the sphere
= 4πr²
= π (4r²)
= π (2r)²
= πd² unit²
Now, the diameter of the sphere is reduced by 25 %. Hence, the new diameter of the sphere is 0.75d units.
New curved surface area of the sphere
= π (diameter)
= π (0.75d)² unit²
= 0.5625 πd² unit²
∴ The decrease in the curved surface area of the sphere = πd² – 0.5625 πd²
= 0.4375 πd² unit²
∴Percentage decrease in the curved surface area of the sphere = \(\frac{0.4375 \pi d^{2}}{\pi d^{2}}\) × 100 = 43.75 %
Thus, when the diameter of a sphere is decreased by 25 %, its curved surface area decreases by 43.75 %.

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class English Book Solutions English Main Course Book Chapter 3 Budgeting Your Time Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 9th English Main Course Book Chapter 3 Budgeting Your Time Question Answers

Budgeting Your Time Class 9 Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 1.
Why is money considered so important ?
(पैसे को इतना महत्त्वपूर्ण क्यों माना जाता है ?)
Answer:
It is said that money makes the mare go. That is why money is considered important.
ऐसा कहा जाता है कि दाम बनाए काम। यही कारण है कि पैसा महत्त्वपूर्ण माना जाता है।

Question 2.
What do people believe about the power of money ?
(लोग पैसे की शक्ति के बारे में क्या विश्वास रखते हैं ?)
Answer:
They believe that the power of money is great.
उनका विश्वास है कि पैसे की शक्ति महान् होती है।

Question 3.
Does time wait for anyone ?
(क्या समय किसी की प्रतीक्षा करता है ?)
Answer:
No, time doesn’t wait for anyone.
नहीं, समय किसी की प्रतीक्षा नहीं करता।

Question 4.
What type of precious moment should not be lost ?
(किस तरह का कीमती पल नष्ट नहीं किया जाना चाहिए ?)
Answer:
There is sometimes a moment that can make or mar person’s whole future. Such a moment is precious. It should not be lost.
कई बार ऐसा पल आता है जो किसी व्यक्ति के पूरे भविष्य को बना या मिटा सकता है। ऐसा पल कीमती होता है। इसे खोया नहीं जाना चाहिए।

Question 5.
What do we mean by saying : Art is long and time is fleeting?
(इस कहावत का क्या अर्थ होता है- कला लम्बी है और समय तेज़ी से भाग रहा है ?)
Answer:
Art here means the work that one has to do in one’s life. Man has a lot of work to do in his life. But the time with him is running out fast.
कला का यहां अर्थ है वह काम जो व्यक्ति को अपने जीवन में करना होता है। व्यक्ति को अपने जीवन में ढेरों काम करने होते हैं। किन्तु उसके पास जो समय है, वह तेज़ी से समाप्त होता जा रहा है।

Question 6.
Which is the most important time for doing something?
(कोई काम करने के लिए सबसे महत्त्वपूर्ण समय कौन सा होता है ?)
Answer:
The present is the most important time to do anything.
कोई भी काम करने के लिए वर्तमान सबसे महत्त्वपूर्ण समय होता है।

Question 7.
Why must one be punctual ?
(आदमी को समय का पाबन्द क्यों होना चाहिए ?)
Answer:
An opportunity once missed is lost for ever. Time once lost can never be regained. Therefore, one must be punctual.
एक बार हाथ से निकला अवसर सदा के लिए खो जाता है। एक बार खो गए समय को दबारा प्राप्त नहीं किया जा सकता। इसलिए व्यक्ति को समय का पाबन्द अवश्य होना चाहिए।

Question 8.
Is it useful to cry over the spilt milk or blame our stars for our failures ?
(क्या बह गए दूध पर रोना अथवा अपनी असफलताओं के लिए अपने ग्रहों को दोषी ठहराना कोई लाभदायक होता है ?)
Answer:
No, it is useless to do so if we are ourselves responsible for our failure.
नहीं, ऐसा करना बेकार होता है यदि हम स्वयं ही अपनी असफलता के लिए जिम्मेदार हों।

Answer the following questions in your own words:

Question 1.
What should be the guiding principle of our life, and why?
(हमारे जीवन का मुख्य सिद्धान्त क्या होना चाहिए और क्यों ?)
Answer:
“Now or never’ should be the guiding principle of our life. Time is always fleeting. Time once lost can never be regained. Therefore, we should always act in the present. We should never put off till tomorrow what we can do today.

अभी या कभी नहीं’ यही हमारे जीवन का मुख्य सिद्धान्त होना चाहिए। समय सदा भागता चला जाता है। एक बार खोया समय दोबारा कभी हाथ नहीं आता है। इसलिए हमें सदा वर्तमान में ही क्रिया करनी चाहिए। हमें आज का काम कल पर कभी नहीं छोड़ना चाहिए।

Question 2.
Why is the budgeting of time important ?
(समय-रूपी आय-व्यय का हिसाब रखना क्यों ज़रूरी होता है ?)
Answer:
We have very limited time at our disposal. But the work we have to do is very long.Life today has become very fast. Every moment has become precious. Therefore, the budgeting of time is important.

हमारे पास समय बहुत सीमित है। किन्तु जो काम हमें करना है वह बहुत लम्बा है। आज का जीवन बहुत तेज़ हो गया है। प्रत्येक पल कीमती हो गया है। इसलिए समय का बजट बनाना महत्त्वपूर्ण हो
गया है।

Question 3.
Reproduce, in your own words, the dialogue between the Yaksha and Yudhishthira.
(यक्ष तथा युधिष्ठिर के मध्य हुए वार्तालाप को अपने शब्दों में लिखिए।)
Answer:
Yaksha was a god. He asked Yudhishthira what the best time for doing a thing was. Yudhishthira replied that Now or the Present was the most important time to do a thing.

यक्ष एक देवता था। उसने युधिष्ठिर से पूछा कि कोई काम करने के लिए सर्वोत्तम समय क्या होता है। युधिष्ठिर ने उत्तर दिया कि अब अथवा वर्तमान कोई भी काम करने के लिए सर्वोत्तम समय
होता है।

Tick (✓) the correct choice :

Question 1.
The power of ‘Time’ is :
(a) little.
(b) nil.
(c) great.
(d) dangerous.
Answer:
(c) great.

Question 2.
Every moment is :
(a) useless.
(b) good.
(c) precious.
(d) long.
Answer:
(c) precious.

Question 3.
To get success :
(a) time should be wasted.
(b) we need not be punctual.
(c) we should budget time.
(d) we should postpone things.
Answer:
(c) we should budget time.

Textual Vocabulary & Grammar

Question 1.
Match the words in column A with their synonyms in column B :
Answer.
1. wealth = money
2. significant = important
3. wasted = squandered
4. tough = hard
5. valuable = precious
6. detrimental = harmful
7. single = lonely

Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B :

1. believe = to have faith
2. whole = complete
3. trickle = to flow in drops
4. lag = to remain behind
5. crucial = very important
6. principle = law or rule
7. pine = to feel sad or distressed
8. put off = to postpone

Fill in the blanks with the words given in the box :

mare; power; regained; tough; journey; mar; future; admission; repent; excellent

1. The patient ……………. consciousness after a few hours.
2. Success is a …………… not a destination.
3. His …………… is not secure.
4. No …………… without permission.
5. He showed an ……………. result.
6. The question paper was very …………
7. He has only one …………….. in his stable.
8. You are not aware of his ……………
9. Your bad habits will …………….. your life.
10. You should ……….. of what you have done.
Answer:
1. regained
2. journey
3. future
4. admission
5. excellent
6. tough
7. mare
8. power
9. mar
10. repent.

Change the voice in the following sentences :

1. The boy ate the mango.
2. I do not know him.
3. Your conduct surprises me.
4. This pot contains milk.
5. Your action annoyed him.
6. We should help the poor.
7. The police have arrested the thief.
8. He has finished his work.
Answer.
1. The mango was eaten by the boy.
2. He is not known to me.
3. I am surprised at your conduct.
4. Milk is contained in this pot.
5. He was annoyed at your action.
6. The poor should be helped.
7. The thief has been arrested.
8. His work has been finished by him.

Fill in the following blanks with suitable Articles:

1. She has …………… beautiful look.
2. ……………. sun rises in ……………. east.
3. I read …………….. Tribune daily.
4. He is …………… honest person.
5. I need ………….. new uniform.
6. Haridwar is …………….. holy place.
7. Iron is …………….. useful metal.
8. It is raining; I need ……………. umbrella.
Answer:
1. a
2. The, the
3. The
4. an
5. a
6. a
7. a
8. an.

Fill in the following blanks with suitable Prepositions :

1. It is no use crying ……………. spilt milk.
2. He died …………….. cholera.
3. He looks ……………. the child in the absence of his mother.
4. They went deep …. …. the jungle.
5. John was made ……………. steel.
6. He congratulated me ………….. my success.
7. He is not aware . ……………. his shortcomings.
8. I have no faith …………….. you.
9. It is very kind ………….. you to help me.
10. Please remember me …………….. your parents.
Answer:
1. over
2. of
3. after
4. into
5. of
6. on
7. of
8. in
9. of
10 to.

Give one word for each of the following:

1. One who never dies — immortal
2. One who believes in God — theist
3. One who is present everywhere — omnipresent
4. Government by the people — democracy
5. One who makes gold ornaments — goldsmith

Pronunciation Practice

Say the following words aloud:

Creative Writing and Extended Reading

1. Make a list of various virtues. Think and write how they are important for us.
2. How do you spend your leisure? Write in ten lines.

Objective Type Questions

Answer the following in one word / phrase / sentence :

Question 1.
Name the author of the chapter, ‘Budgeting Your Time’.
Answer:
D.V. Jindal.

Question 2.
What is generally considered the most important thing in life ?
Answer:
It is money.

Question 3.
Whose power is greater than that of money ?
Answer:
Time is definitely more powerful.

Question 4.
What cannot be regained once it is lost ?
Answer:
It is time.

Question 5.
How can we make the best use of time ?
Answer:
By saving every second of our life.

Question 6.
Where is every passing moment taking us to ?
Answer:
To our grave.

Question 7.
What happens to those who are behind time?
Answer:
They are left behind others.

Question 8.
Should we blame the stars when we fail ?
Answer:
No, we ourselves are responsible for our actions.

Question 9.
What importance should we give to ‘Now or never’ ?
Answer:
We should make it our guiding principle.

Question 10.
What must we do with the time at our disposal ?
Answer:
We must budget it carefully.

Complete the following

1. ………………. makes the mare go.
2. Power of …………………. is greater than that of …………..
3. Time can ……………… or ………………. our whole future.
4. Every ……………….. in our life is important.
5. An opportunity ………………. is an ……………….. lost for ever.
6. In the chapter, ………………. put in a question to Yudhishthira.
Answer:
1. Money
2. time, money
3. make, mar
4. second
5. missed, opportunity
6. Yaksha.

Write True or False against each statement :

1. The famous proverb is ‘Time makes the mare go’.
2. Time is more powerful than money.
3. Lost time can be regained with a little effort.
4. A second, a very small unit of time, should be ignored.
5. The habit of punctuality helps us a lot.
6. Crying over the spilt milk is a sign of intelligence.
Answer:
1. False
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. True
6. False.

Choose the correct option for each of the following :

Question 1.
Money makes the ……………. go.
(a) horse
(b) world
(c) mare
(d) universe.
Answer:
(c) mare

Question 2.
……… is not as important as time.
(a) Money
(b) Punctuality
(c) A mare
(d) A man.
Answer:
(a) Money

Question 3.
We should ……………… our time very carefully.
(a) budget
(b) while away
(c) waste
(d) fritter.
Answer:
(a) budget

Question 4.
……………… should be the guiding principle of our life.
(a) Budget-making
(b) Money
(c) Our possessions
(d) Punctuality.
Answer:
(d) Punctuality.

Use Of Textual Words /Phrases

1. Money makes the mare go —Saving money is very important as it makes the mare go.
2. Take time by the forelock — You must take time by the forelock if you want to reach the top.
3. Doyen — William Shakespeare is called as the doyen of English literature.
4. Tide — You must make use of this title, otherwise, you’ll repent.
5. Pine — It is no use pining now; you did not action time.
6. Make or mar — Some decisions are really important; they can make or mar our lives.
7. Squandered — John has squandered all the money left by his other.
8. Crucial — You must take your doctor’s advice seriously; it is crucial.
9. Prosperous —  She is the daughter of a prosperous bank officer.
10. Detrimental — Smoking is detrimental to health.

Budgeting Your Time Summary in English

Budgeting Your Time Introduction:

In this chapter, the writer brings out the importance of budgeting our time. We have to budget a thing if its availability is limited in relation to its expenditure. The time at our disposal is also very limited. But the work we have to do in our life is very long. Therefore, we must budget our time. We have to take notice of every moment that is passing. Present is the most important time to do a thing. Time once lost can never be regained. Therefore, we must be punctual in our life. Every moment is precious. Those who forget it, have to repent later when no remedy is possible.

Budgeting Your Time Summary in English:

Money is said to be the most important thing in life. Money makes the mare go. The power of money is great, but the power of time is still greater. Money once lost can be regained. But time once lost is lost for ever. If you do not make the best use of time, you are sure to be doomed. There come some moments in life that can make or mar a person’s whole future. We must take notice of such moments.

They are very precious. One must act in time before it is too late. Those who take no notice of time, have to repent later when there is no remedy. Every second in life is important. Therefore, we must save every second and thus make the best use of time. Man’s life is very short. But he has a lot to do. Every moment is taking us nearer to the grave. Therefore, we must make the best use of our time.

We must be punctual in all our activities. Those who are behind time, are left behind in their life also. An opportunity missed once is missed for ever. It is no use crying over spilt milk. We should not blame the stars when we are ourselves responsible for our failure. Once Yaksha, a god, asked Yudhishthira, “What is the best time for doing a thing ?” Yudhishthira replied, “Now !” The work in hand is the most important work to do. And the present is the most important time to do it. “Now or Never must be the guiding principle in our life. We should never put off till tomorrow what we can do today.

Life in the present age has become very fast. A slip of even a second can result in doom for us.. Therefore, every single second has its importance. Every moment of life is precious. Any carelessness towards the importance of time can prove very harmful to any society. Therefore, we must learn to budget our time. We can hope for a good tomorrow only if we know the value of today. Therefore we should never forget the value of NOW in our life.

Budgeting Your Time Summary in Hindi

Budgeting Your Time Introduction:

पाठ का संक्षिप्त परिचय इस लेख में लेखक अपने समय का हिसाब रखने के महत्त्व को दिखाता है। हमें ऐसी चीज़ का हिसाब रखना पड़ता है जिसकी उपलब्धि इसके खर्च के मुकाबले में सीमित हो। हमारे पास समय की उपलब्धि भी बहुत सीमित है। किन्तु वह काम जो हमें अपने जीवन में करना है बहुत लम्बा है। इसलिए हमें अपने समय का हिसाब अवश्य रखना चाहिए। हमें प्रत्येक पल को ध्यान में रखना होता है जो गुज़र रहा है। किसी काम को करने के लिए वर्तमान सब से महत्त्वपूर्ण समय होता है। एक बार खोए हुए समय को दोबारा कभी प्राप्त नहीं किया जा सकता है। इसलिए हमें अपने जीवन में समय का पाबन्द होना चाहिए। प्रत्येक पल कीमती होता है। वे जो इसे भूल जाते हैं, उन्हें बाद में पछताना पड़ता है जब कोई इलाज सम्भव नहीं होता।

Budgeting Your Time Summary in Hindi:

पैसे को जीवन में सब से महत्त्वपूर्ण चीज़ कहा जाता है। दाम बनाए काम। पैसे की ताकत बहुत होती है, किन्तु समय की ताकत उससे भी बड़ी होती है। पैसा एक बार खो जाए तो उसे दोबारा प्राप्त किया जा सकता है। किन्तु एक बार खोया हुआ समय सदा के लिए खो जाता है। यदि आप समय का सर्वोत्तम इस्तेमाल नहीं करेंगे, तो आपका निश्चित ही विनाश हो जाएगा। जीवन में कुछ ऐसे अवसर आते हैं जो किसी व्यक्ति के सम्पूर्ण भविष्य को बना या बिगाड़ सकते हैं। हमें ऐसे अवसरों का ज़रूर ध्यान रखना चाहिए।

वे बहुत कीमती होते हैं। व्यक्ति को समय रहते क्रिया करनी चाहिए इससे पहले कि बहुत देर हो जाए। वे लोग जो समय की तरफ कोई ध्यान नहीं देते, उन्हें बाद में पछताना पड़ता है जब वहां कोई इलाज नहीं रहता है। जीवन का हर पल महत्त्वपूर्ण होता है। इसलिए हमें प्रत्येक पल बचाना चाहिए और इस तरह समय का सर्वोत्तम प्रयोग करना चाहिए। मनुष्य का जीवन बहुत छोटा है। किन्तु उसे बहुत काम करना होता है। हर पल हमें हमारी कब्र के नजदीक ले जा रहा होता है। इसलिए हमें अवश्य ही अपने समय का सर्वोत्तम इस्तेमाल करना चाहिए।

हमें अपनी सभी क्रियाओं में समय का पाबन्द होना चाहिए। वे लोग जो समय के पीछे रह जाते हैं, वे अपने जीवन में भी पीछे रह जाते हैं। ऐसा अवसर जो एक बार हाथ से निकल जाता है, वह सदा के लिए निकल जाता है। दूध गिर जाने पर रोने का कोई लाभ नहीं होता। हमें अपने ग्रहों को दोष नहीं देना चाहिए जब हम स्वयं ही अपनी असफलता के लिए जिम्मेदार हों। .. एक बार यक्ष जो एक देवता था, उसने युधिष्ठिर से पूछा, “कोई काम करने के लिए सर्वोत्तम समय क्या होता है..?”

युधिष्ठिर ने कहा, “अब का समय!” हाथ में लिया काम करने को सबसे महत्त्वपूर्ण काम होता है, तथा इसे करने का सबसे महत्त्वपूर्ण समय वर्तमान का होता है। ‘अभी या कभी नहीं’-यह हमारे जीवन का मुख्य सिद्धान्त होना चाहिए। हमें आज का काम कल पर कभी नहीं छोड़ना चाहिए।

वर्तमान युग में जीवन बहुत तेज़ गति वाला हो गया है। एक पल की भी चूक हमारे लिए प्रलयकारी हो सकती है। इसलिए प्रत्येक पल का अपना ही महत्त्व होता है। जीवन का प्रत्येक पल कीमती होता है। समय के महत्त्व के प्रति कोई भी लापरवाही किसी भी समाज के लिए बहुत हानिकारक हो सकती है। हम एक प्रसन्नतापूर्ण भविष्य की केवल तब आशा कर सकते हैं यदि हम आज के महत्त्व को जानते होंगे। इसलिए हमें अपने जीवन में ‘अब’ के महत्त्व को कभी नहीं भूलना चाहिए।

Budgeting Your Time Translation in Hindi

(Page 31) Money, they say ……………. is no remedy.

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. age old – बहुत पुरानी ; 2. regained – दोबारा प्राप्त किया जाना ; 3. Time and tide wait for none – समय और भाग्य किसी की प्रतीक्षा नहीं करते ; 4. forelock – माथे के ऊपर के बाल ; 5. take time by the forelock – समय को हाथ से निकलने न देना ; 6. destined – भाग्य में लिखा होना ; 7. doomed – सत्यानाश होना ; 8. doyen – पितामह ; 9. tide at the flood – ज्वार, उठती हुई लहर ; 10. shallows – तट के समीप कम गहरा पानी ; 11. mar – नष्ट करना ; 12. rarely – विरले ही ; 13. pine – दुःखी होना।

Text

Money, they say, is the most important thing in life. Money makes the mare go, is an age old saying. The power of money, people believe, is great. But greater still is the power of TIME. Money once lost can be regained time once lost is lost for ever. Time and tide wait for none. If you do not make the best use of time and do not take time by the forelock, you are destined to be doomed. Shakespeare, the doyen of English literature, wrote : There is a tide in the affairs of men, Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune; Omitted, all the voyage of their life

Is bound in shallows and in miseries. (Shakespeare : Julius Caesar) During the tough course of the journey of life, rarely comes the time which can make or mar a person’s whole future. Such a precious moment must not be allowed to go unnoticed. One must act in time before it is too late. This can be possible only if we are alive and alert to the importance of every single second in our lives. Those who waste time and let it pass unnoticed, have to repent and pine, only बिना when there is no remedy.

अनुवाद

कहते हैं कि पैसा जीवन में सबसे महत्त्वपूर्ण चीज़ होता है। दाम बनाए काम, यह एक बहुत पुरानी कहावत है। लोग ऐसा विश्वास करते हैं कि पैसे की शक्ति बहुत होती है। किन्तु उससे भी बड़ी शक्ति समय की होती है। पैसा एक बार खो जाए तो इसे फिर से प्राप्त किया जा सकता है; समय एक बार खो जाए, तो सदा के लिए खो जाता है। समय और भाग्य किसी की प्रतीक्षा नहीं करते। यदि आप समय का सर्वोत्तम इस्तेमाल नहीं करते और समय को पूरा काबू नहीं करते, तो आपका अन्तिम भाग्य में सत्यानाश ही होगा। अंग्रेजी साहित्य के पितामह शेक्सपियर ने लिखा था मनुष्यों के जीवन में एक ज्वार-भाटा आता है। जिसे यदि इसकी चरम सीमा पर पकड़ लिया जाए तो तकदीर बन जाती है। निकल जाने दिया जाए, तो उनके जीवन-रूपी पूरी यात्रा बन्ध जाती है दलदल और दुःखों में।

(शेक्सपियर के ‘जूलियस सीज़र’ से) जीवन की यात्रा के कठिन मार्ग के दौरान विरले ही कोई ऐसा अवसर होता है जो किसी व्यक्ति के पूरे भविष्य को बना सकता है या बिगाड़ सकता है। ऐसे कीमती पल को बिना ध्यान दिए निकलने नहीं देना चाहिए। व्यक्ति को अवश्य ही समय पर क्रिया करनी चाहिए, इससे पहले कि बहुत देरी हो जाए। ऐसा केवल तभी सम्भव है यदि

हम अपने जीवन में एक-एक पल के महत्त्व के प्रति सजग और सचेत हों। ऐसे लोग जो समय को नष्ट करते हैं और इसे बिना ध्यान दिए निकल जाने देते हैं, उन्हें पछताना और दुःखी होना पड़ता है, केवल जब वहां इस का कोई इलाज नहीं रहता है।

(Page 32) ‘Every second in life ….. lives today.

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. add up to – जमा हो कर बन जाते हैं ; 2. trickle – बूंद ; 3. mickle – एक भारी मात्रा ; 4. squandered – गंवाया जाना ; 5. drain – नाली ; 6. for nothing – व्यर्थ ही ; 7. fleeting – जल्दी से भागती हुई ; 8. traverse — पार करना, तय करना ; 9. at our disposal – हमारे अधिकार में ; 10. imperative – अत्यावश्यक ; 11. available – उपलब्ध ; 12. punctual – समय का पाबन्द ; 13. crucial — निर्णायक ; 14. globalisation – वैश्वीकरण ; 15. space travel – अन्तरिक्ष यात्रा ; 16. fraction – छोटा अंश ; 17. spell – परिणाम निकलना ; 18. disaster – घोर विपत्ति ; 19. budgeting – के प्रयोग में सावधान, बचत करना ; 20. apathy – उदासीनता ; 21. detrimental – हानिकारक ; 22. bequeathe – वसीयत में देना।

Text
Every second in life is important. Seconds add up to minutes, hours, days and months.Many a trickle makes a mickle. Why not then save every second to make the best use of time ? If you do not do that, a lot of time is squandered down the drain for nothing. Life is short and uncertain.

‘Art is long and time is fleeting,’ said a poet. We’ve a lot to do, a long road to traverse but time at our disposal is very short. Who knows when God Almighty may send a call ? In fact, every beat of our heart is taking us a step nearer to the grave. Therefore, it is imperative that one should make the best use of the time available.

One must learn to be punctual in all one’s activities. Those who are behind time, lag behind in their life too. An opportunity missed is an opportunity lost for ever. By being late, you may miss an important train, a crucial flight, a career-making job or an admission to an excellent course. It is no use crying over spilt milk or blaming the stars when you are yourself responsible for your failure.Yaksha, a god, asked Yudhishthira :

“What is the best time for doing a thing?” The wise son of Kunti said, “Now !” The work in hand is the most important work and the PRESENT is the most important time to do it. ‘Now or Never’ must be our guiding principle in life. Never put off till tomorrow, they say, what you can do today.

In this age of globalisation, super-computers and space travel, life is moving so fast that a slip of even a fraction of a second can spell doom and disaster. Every single second has, therefore, its own importance. That is why the concept of budgeting one’s time is fast catching up. Every moment of life is precious and any careless attitude or apathy towards the importance of time can prove highly detrimental to any society. We can hope for a good tomorrow only if we know the value of today. We are duty-bound to bequea the a happy and prosperous future to the coming generations. This is possible only if we know the value of NOW in our lives today.

अनुवाद

हमारे जीवन में प्रत्येक पल महत्त्वपूर्ण होता है। सैकण्ड जुड़ कर मिनट, घण्टे, दिन और महीने बन जाते हैं। बूंद बूंद से घड़ा भर जाता है। तो फिर समय का सर्वोत्तम इस्तेमाल करने के लिए प्रत्येक पल को क्यों न बचाया जाए? यदि तुम ऐसा नहीं करोगे, तो बहुत-सा समय व्यर्थ ही नाली में बह जाएगा। जीवन छोटा है और अनिश्चित ‘काम बहुत है और समय तेज़ी से भाग रहा है,’ एक कवि ने कहा था। हमें करने को बहुत काम है, एक लम्बी सड़क पार करनी है, किन्तु हमारे पास समय बहुत कम है।

कौन जानता है कि कब सर्वशक्तिमान ईश्वर बुलावा भेज दे? वास्तव में हमारे दिल की प्रत्येक धड़कन हमें एक कदम हमारी कब्र के और नज़दीक ले जा रही है। इसलिए यह अत्यावश्यक है कि व्यक्ति उपलब्ध समय का सर्वोत्तम इस्तेमाल करे। व्यक्ति को अपनी सभी क्रियाओं में समय का पाबन्द होना सीखना चाहिए। वे लोग जो समय से पीछे रह जाते | हैं, वे अपने जीवन में भी पीछे रह जाते हैं। एक बार खोया हुआ अवसर सदा के लिए खोया जाता है। देरी हो जाने से आप किसी महत्त्वपूर्ण गाड़ी, किसी निर्णायक उड़ान, किसी जीवन बना देने वाली नौकरी अथवा किसी शानदार

कोर्स में दाखिले के अवसर से चूक सकते हैं। चिड़ियों द्वारा खेत चुग लिए जाने पर रोने का अथवा ग्रहों को दोष देने का कोई लाभ नहीं होता यदि आप अपनी असफलता के लिए स्वयं ही ज़िम्मेदार हैं। यक्ष जो एक देवता था, उसने युधिष्ठिर से पूछा, “कोई काम करने के लिए सर्वोत्तम समय कौन-सा होता है?” कुन्ती के बुद्धिमान पुत्र ने कहा, “अब का समय!” जो काम हाथ में हो, वह सबसे महत्त्वपूर्ण काम होता है, तथा वर्तमान का समय इसे करने के लिए सब से महत्त्वपूर्ण समय होता है।

अभी या कभी नहीं’-हमारे जीवन का मुख्य सिद्धान्त होना चाहिए। कहते हैं कि आज का काम कल पर कभी नहीं छोड़ना चाहिए। वैश्वीकरण, सुपर-कम्प्यूटरों और अन्तरिक्ष-यात्रा के इस युग में जीवन इतनी तेज़ गति से चल रहा है कि एक सैकण्ड का कुछ अंश भी हाथ से निकल जाने पर सर्वनाश अथवा महा-विपत्ति आ सकती है। इसलिए एक-एक सैकण्ड का अपना ही महत्त्व होता है। इसी कारण अपने समय का बजट बनाने सम्बन्धी विचार ज़ोर पकड़ता जा रहा है।

जीवन का प्रत्येक पल कीमती है तथा समय के महत्त्व के प्रति कोई भी लापरवाही वाला व्यवहार अथवा उदासीनता किसी भी समाज के लिए बहुत हानिकारक ह सकता है। हम एक अच्छे कल की केवल तब आशा कर सकते हैं यदि हमें आज के मूल्य का ज्ञान हो। हम कर्तव्य बद्ध हैं कि आने वाली पीढ़ियों के लिए एक प्रसन्नतापूर्ण और प्रगतिशील भविष्य छोड़ कर जाएं। ऐसा केवल तब सम्भव है यदि हम आज के अपने जीवनों में वर्तमान के महत्त्व को पहचानें।

English Main Course Book Class 9 Solutions PSEB Prose

• Grooming of a Boy Question Answer
• Plants also Breathe and Feel Question Answer
• Budgeting Your Time Question Answer
• Journey by Night Question Answer
• The Discovery of Moon Question Answer
• Three Great Indians Question Answer
• The Death of Abhimanyu Question Answer

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class English Book Solutions English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 6 The Bewitched Jacket Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 9th English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 6 The Bewitched Jacket Question Answers

The Bewitched Jacket Class 9 Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Who did the author meet at a party ?
(लेखक पार्टी में किस से मिला ?)
Answer:
He met a man who looked handsome because of his clothes. The man was about forty years old.
वह एक आदमी से मिला जो अपने वस्त्रों की वजह से सुन्दर लग रहा था। उस आदमी की आयु लगभग चालीस वर्ष की थी।

Question 2.
Why was the author impressed by the man he met at the party ?
(लेखक उस आदमी से प्रभावित क्यों हुआ था जिसे वह पार्टी में मिला था ?)
Answer:
The man looked handsome because of his clothes. He seemed to be a gentle person. That was why the author was impressed by him.
वह आदमी अपने वस्त्रों की वजह से सुन्दर लगता था। देखने में वह एक भद्र पुरुष प्रतीत होता था। इसी कारण लेखक उस से प्रभावित हो गया।

Question 3.
Where did the author get his suit made ?
(लेखक ने अपना सूट कहां से बनवाया ?)
Answer:
He got it made by a tailor named Alfonso Corticella. The tailor lived at via Ferrarà
उसने यह एलफान्सो कोर्टिसेला नामक दर्जी से बनवाया। वह दर्जी मध्यमार्ग फैरारा 17 में रहता था।

Question 4.
Why was the author not keen to wear the suit ?
(लेखक सूट पहनने को उत्सुक क्यों नहीं था ?)
Answer:
The author did not know the why of it. It was only an inner feeling. He did not feel like wearing the suit.
लेखक को इस का कारण पता नहीं था। यह केवल एक अन्दर की भावना थी। उसका सूट पहनने को मन नहीं करता था।

Question 5.
What did the author find in the right pocket of the jacket ? What happened after that ?
(लेखक को जैकट की दाईं जेब में क्या मिला। उसके बाद क्या हुआ ?)
Answer:
He found there a ten-thousand-lira note. He thought the tailor might have put it there and forgotten about it. But then he put his hand into the pocket again. This time he found there another ten-thousand-lira note. He turned as pale as death.

उसे वहां दस हज़ार लियर का एक नोट मिला। उसने सोचा कि दर्जी ने शायद इसे वहां रखा हो और फिर भूल गया हो। किन्तु फिर उसने दोबारा अपना हाथ जेब में डाला। इस बार उसे वहां दस हजार लियर का एक दूसरा नोट मिला। वह एक मरे हुए आदमी के जैसा पीला पड़ गया।

Question 6.
Why did the author not return the money to the tailor ?
(लेखक ने दर्जी को पैसे वापस क्यों नहीं किए ?)
Answer:
The author soon realized that the money did not belong to the tailor. There was something magical about the jacket. Every time he put his hand into the right pocket, he found there a banknote of ten thousand lira. Thus there was no question of returning the money to the tailor.

लेखक को शीघ्र ही महसूस हो गया कि पैसे दर्जी के नहीं थे। जैकट में कोई जादुई बात थी। हर बार जब वह दाईं जेब में अपना हाथ डालता तो वहां उसे दस हजार लियर का नोट मिल जाता। इस प्रकार दर्जी को पैसे वापस करने का वहां कोई प्रश्न ही नहीं था।

Question 7.
What did the author do after coming home ?
(लेखक ने घर लौटने के बाद क्या किया ?)
Answer:
The author shut the doors and lowered the blinds. He started taking out notes from his jacket. The pocket was never empty. There was a heap of notes. The author counted them. They were: 58 million lire. He hid them in an old trunk.

लेखक ने दरवाज़े बन्द कर दिए और पर्दे नीचे गिरा दिए। उसने अपने जैकट में से नोट निकालने शुरू कर दिए। जेब कभी खाली न हुई। वहां नोटों का एक ढेर लग गया। लेखक ने उन्हें गिना। वे 58 मिलियन लियर थे। उसने इन्हें एक पुराने ट्रंक में छिपा दिया।

Question 8.
Why did the author buy another suit ?
(लेखक ने दूसरा सूट क्यों खरीदा ?)
Answer:
The author did not want his maid to know of the bewitched jacket. So he bought another suit of the same kind. He left it to the care of the maid.

लेखक नहीं चाहता था कि नौकरानी को जादुई जैकट का पता चले। इसलिए उसने उसी तरह का एक दूसरा सूट खरीद लिया। उसने यह नौकरानी की देख-रेख में छोड़ दिया।

Question 9.
What did the author do with the money ?
(लेखक ने पैसों का क्या किया ?)
Answer:
He hid it in an old trunk.
उसने ये एक पुराने ट्रंक में छिपा दिए।

Question 10.
Did the author know that there was a connection between the ill-gotten money and the bad happenings ?
(क्या लेखक जानता था कि बुरे ढंग से प्राप्त किए पैसे और बुरी घटनाओं के बीच कोई सम्बन्ध था ?)
Answer:
Yes, he did have such a feeling. Every time he drew money from the pocket, something bad happened in the world.
हां, लेखक को इस तरह की भावना अवश्य महसूस होती थी। हर बार जब वह जेब में से पैसे निकालता, तो संसार में कोई बुरी घटना घट जाती।

Question 11.
Why did the author still want more money ?
(लेखक अब भी और पैसे क्यों चाहता था ?)
Answer:
The more one has, the more one wants. It is a universal truth.
किसी आदमी के पास जितना ज़्यादा होता है, वह उतना ही और ज़्यादा चाहता है। यह एक स्थाई सच्चाई है।

Question 12.
Why did the author decide to destroy the jacket ? What happened when he was destroying it?
(लेखक ने जैकट को नष्ट क्यों किया ? तब क्या हुआ जब वह इसे नष्ट कर रहा था ?)
Answer:
Every time he drew money from the jacket, something bad happened in the world. The author could bear it no longer. That was why he decided to destroy the jacket. While he was destroying it, he heard a human voice. It said, “Too late, too late !” But he could see none there.

हर बार जब वह जैकट में से पैसे निकालता, संसार में कोई बुरी घटना हो जाती। लेखक इसे और अधिक सहन न कर सका। इसी कारण उसने जैकट को नष्ट करने का फैसला कर लिया। जब वह इसे नष्ट कर रहा था, तो उसे एक मानव आवाज़ सुनाई दी। यह कह रही थी, “अब बहुत देर हो गई है, बहुत देर !” किन्तु उसे वहां कोई भी दिखाई न दिया।

Question 13.
Do you think the author was a happy man after getting rid of the jacket ? Why ?
(क्या आप समझते हैं कि जैकट से छुटकारा पाने के बाद लेखक एक प्रसन्न व्यक्ति था ? क्यों ?)
Answer:
The author was still sad and worried. He feared that someday the tailor would come to his house and ask for the payment.
लेखक अब भी उदास और चिन्तित था। उसे भय था कि किसी दिन दर्जी उसके घर आ जाएगा और उससे पैसे के भुगतान की मांग करेगा।

Objective Type Questions

Answer the following in one word / phrase / sentence :

Question 1.
Who is the writer of the story, ‘The Bewitched Jacket’ ?
Answer:
Dino Buzzati.

Question 2.
What kind of a story is ‘The Bewitched Jacket’ ?
Answer:
A mystery story.

Question 3.
What was the age of the man the author met at a party?
Ans:
About forty years.

Question 4.
Who made the author’s suit ?
Answer:
A cailor named Alfonso Corticella.

Question 5.
Did the author feel like wearing the suit ?
Answer:
No, he didn’t.

Question 6.
What is lira ?
Answer:
Lira used to be an Italian unit of money.

Question 7.
What was found in the right pocket of the jacket?
Answer:
A ten-thousand lira note.

Question 8.
Where did the writer hide the money ?
Answer:
In an old trunk.

Question 9.
What happened every time the writer drew money from the pocket of the jacket?
Answer:
Something bad happened in the world.

Question 10.
What happened when the author was destroying the jacket?
Answer:
A human voice was heard.

Complete the following:

1. The author shut the door and …………………. the blinds.
2. There was news of a bank …… in the newspapers.
3. A bank’s ………………. car was carrying money to the main office.
4. An …………………. of 58 million lire was looted.
5. A terrible fire had destroyed a …………
6. The narrator took a car and went to a …………….. place.
Answer:
1. lowered
2. robbery
3. armoured
4. amount
5. warehouse
6. hilly.

Write True or False against each statement :

1. The writer went to a reception party in Rome.
2. The name of the tailor was Alfonso Corticella.
3. The tailor himself came to take the measurements.
4. The first time, narrator found 59 million lire.
5. The maid came in the morning.
6. In the morning papers, there was news of a bank inauguration.
Answer:
1. False
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. True
6. False.

Choose the correct option for each of the following:

Question 1.
Who did the narrator meet at a reception in Milan ?
(a) A film star.
(b) A doctor.
(c) A man of about forty.
(d) Bill Clinton.
Answer:
(c) A man of about forty.

Question 2.
The tailor lived at ……………
(a) via Ferrara 18
(b) via Ferrara 17
(c) via Ferrara 19
(d) via Ferrara 15
Answer:
(b) via Ferrara 17

Question 3.
The author rang up his ……
(a) secretary
(b) sister
(c) brother
(d) teacher
Answer:
(a) secretary

Question 4.
The narrator arrived at a valley in ……….
(a) the Alps
(b) the Himalayas
(c) the Shivalik hills
(d) Dehradun.
Answer:
(a) the Alps

The Bewitched Jacket Summary in English

The Bewitched Jacket Introduction:

It is a mystery story. The narrator meets a stranger at a party. The stranger is wearing nicely tailored clothes. The narrator asks him the name of the tailor. He goes to the same tailor and orders a suit for himself. When the narrator asks him its price, the tailor says that there is no hurry. After three weeks, the narrator gets his suit.

It is a jacket, a pair of trousers and a vest. By chance, the narrator puts his hand in the right pocket of the jacket. He finds in it a ten thousand lira note. The narrator thinks that the tailor must have put it there and forgotten about it. But he is surprised when the same thing happens every time he puts his hand in the pocket. In one night, he collects 58 million lire.

But the next morning there is news of a bank robbery of 58 million. The narrator is filled with fear. Still he works the next night and collects 135 million. This time there is news of a big fire in which more than 135 million is lost in cash. The narrator notes that every time he collects money from his pocket, something bad happens in the world. However, he grows very rich. He buys a big villa and has big automobiles. He has a good amount of money in his bank also. But then one morning, it is found that an old woman has committed suicide.

She lived in the same building in which the narrator had lived for a long time. She commits suicide because she had mislaid her monthly pension of 30 thousand lire. The same amount of money the narrator had collected from his pocket the day before. He can bear it no longer and doesn’t want to keep the jacket with him. He goes to a hilly place and burns the jacket. When he comes back, he finds that his car, his villa and his bank balance have all disappeard. Now he fears that someday the cursed tailor will come and ask for his bill.

Note : Lira used to be an Italian unit of money, the plural form of which was lire.

The Bewitched Jacket Summary in English

One night the narrator met a man about forty years old. The man looked handsome because of his clothes. The narrator did not know who he was. He had met him for the first time. But he praised him for his clothes. The man seemed to be a gentle person, but looked a little sad. The narrator liked his clothes so much that he asked him who his tailor was.

The man smiled curiously. He said that nearly no one knew that tailor, yet he was a great master. The narrator asked him if he was an expensive tailor. At this the stranger replied, “I don’t know. He made me this suit three years ago, and still he has not sent me the bill.” He told the narrator that the tailor’s name was Alfonso Corticella and that he lived at via Ferrara. The narrator found out the tailor’s house. He was a little old man. His hair was dyed black.

The narrator asked him to make him a suit. The tailor selected a piece of cloth for the narrator and took his measurements. He offered to come to the narrator’s house for the fitting. When the narrator asked him the price, the tailor said that there was no hurry. The narrator got the suit after three weeks. It was a masterpiece but he did not feel like wearing it. It was only after some weeks that he decided to wear it. It was a Tuesday in April and it was raining. The narrator says that he will never forget that day.

The narrator was at his office. He put his hand into the pocket of his jacket. There was a piece of paper in it. The narrator thought it was the tailor’s bill. But when he took it out, it was a ten-thousand-lira note. The narrator thought the tailor might have put it there and then forgotten about it. So he called his secretary to write a letter to the tailor. But before the secretary came, he had felt another piece of paper in his pocket. He turned as pale as death.

In the meantime, the secretary came in. She asked the narrator if he was feeling ill. The narrator said it was just a little dizziness. He sent her back saying that he would dictate the letter later. When she had gone, he took out the piece of paper from his pocket. It was another ten-thousand-lira note. Then he tried a third time. And a third banknote came out.

The narrator left the office and went home. He shut the doors and lowered the blinds. He started taking out the notes. There was a heap of notes before him. He counted them. There were 58 million lire. He emptied an old trunk and hid the money in it.

The maid came in the morning. She saw the narrator in bed wearing a suit. She looked surprised. The narrator told her that he had drunk a little too much the night before. The maid asked the narrator to take off the suit so that she could brush it. But the narrator said that he had to go out immediately and had no time to change. He went to a garment store and bought another suit of the same kind. He decided to leave this one in the maid’s care, and hide the other one in a safe place.

But there was news in the morning papers which dampened his joy. There was news of a bank robbery. A bank’s car was carrying money to the main office. Four criminals stopped it and killed a man. They took away all the money. It was 58 million lire. This incident left the narrator a little confused. But the same evening he set to work again. He was already rich but he wanted to become richer. This time he got 135 million.

In the morning papers, there was again news. A terrible fire had destroyed a warehouse in which more than 135 million were lost in cash. Two firemen were also killed while putting out the fire. The narrator now knew that the money in his pocket was coming from crimes, blood and death. But he didn’t blame himself for it. He continued drawing more and more money from his jacket. He bought a huge villa and had big automobiles to drive around.

One morning, an old woman was found dead in the same building where the narrator had lived for many years. She had killed herself because she had mislaid her monthly pension of 30 thousand lire. The narrator had drawn the same amount from his jacket a day before. He realised that every time he drew money from his pocket, there was something bad in the world. He could bear it no longer. He decided to destroy his jacket.

The narrator took his car and went to a hilly place. There he burnt the jacket to ashes. As the flames were dying out, he heard a human voice. It said, “Too late, too late !” The narrator tried to find who it was, but he could see none there.

However, he was happy that he had got rid of the jacket. But when he came back he saw that his car, his villa and his savings account had disappeared. There was nothing but dust in the old trunk. He became sad and worried. But no one took any notice of him. He had a constant fear that some day the cursed tailor would come and ask for the payment of his bill.

The Bewitched Jacket Summary in Hindi

The Bewitched Jacket Introduction:

कहानी का संक्षिप्त परिचय यह एक रहस्य-कथा है। वर्णनकर्ता एक पार्टी में किसी अजनबी से मिलता है। अजनबी सुन्दर ढंग से सिले वस्त्र पहने हुए है। वर्णनकर्ता उससे दर्जी का नाम पूछता है। वह उसी दर्जी के पास जाता है और अपने लिए एक सूट का आर्डर देता है। जब वह उसे इसकी कीमत पूछता है तो दर्जी कह देता है कि इसकी कोई जल्दी नहीं है। तीन सप्ताह के बाद वर्णनकर्ता को अपना सूट प्राप्त हो जाता है। यह एक जैकट, एक पतलून और एक वास्कट है।

अचानक वर्णनकर्ता अपना हाथ वास्कट की दाईं जेब में डालता है। उसे इसमें दस हजार लियर का एक नोट मिलता है। वर्णनकर्ता समझता है कि यह दर्जी ने वहां रखा होगा और फिर इसके बारे में भूल गया होगा। किन्तु वह चकित रह जाता जब हर बार वैसा ही होता है जब वह अपना हाथ जेब में डालता है। एक रात में वह जेब से 58 मिलियन लियर निकाल लेता है। किन्तु अगली प्रातः वहां 58 मिलियन लियर की बैंक डकैती का एक समाचार छपता है।

वर्णनकर्ता भय से भर जाता है। फिर भी वह अगली रात वही काम करता है और 135 मिलियन इकट्ठे कर लेता है। इस बार एक बड़ी आग लगने का समाचार मिलता है जिसमें 135 मिलियन से ज़्यादा की नगद राशि नष्ट हो जाती है। वर्णनकर्ता देखता है कि हर बार जब वह अपनी जेब से पैसे इकट्ठे करता है तो संसार में कोई बुरी घटना हो जाती है। तो भी वह बहुत धनी हो जाता है। वह एक बड़ा बंगला खरीद लेता है और उसके पास बड़ी-बड़ी गाड़ियां हो जाती हैं। उसके पास बैंक में भी भारी रकम जमा हो जाती है। किन्तु फिर एक प्रातः पता चलता है कि एक बूढ़ी औरत ने आत्महत्या कर ली है। वह उसी इमारत में रहती थी जिसमें वर्णनकर्ता एक लम्बे समय तक रहता रहा था।

वह आत्महत्या कर लेती है क्योंकि वह तीस हज़ार लियर की अपनी मासिक पेन्शन कहीं रख कर भूल जाती है। उतनी ही धन-राशि लेखक ने एक दिन पहले अपनी जेब से इकट्ठी की थी। वह इसे और अधिक सहन नहीं कर पाता है। और अब वह जैकट अपने पास नहीं रखना चाहता है। वह एक पहाड़ी जगह पर चला जाता है और जैकट को जला देता है। जब वह वापस आता है तो देखता है कि उसकी कार, उसका बंगला और उसकी बैंक में बचत-राशि सब गायब हो गए हैं। अब उसे भय होने लगता है कि वह घृणित दर्जी एक दिन आ जाएगा और उससे अपने बिल की राशि मांगेगा। नोट-लियर इतालवी मुदा की एक इकाई होती थी, जिसका बहुवचन भी लियर ही होता था।

The Bewitched Jacket Summary in Hindi

एक रात वर्णनकर्ता एक चालीस वर्षीय आदमी से मिला। वह आदमी अपने वस्त्रों की वजह से सुन्दर लग रहा था। वर्णनकर्ता उसे नहीं जानता था। वह उससे पहली बार मिला था। परन्तु उसने उस आदमी के वस्त्रों की प्रशंसा की। वह आदमी एक भद्र पुरुष लगता था, परन्तु वह थोड़ा उदास प्रतीत होता था। वर्णनकर्ता को उसके वस्त्र इतने अच्छे लगे कि उसने उससे पूछा कि उसका दर्जी कौन था। वह आदमी अजीब ढंग से मुस्कराया। उसने कहा कि उस दर्जी के बारे में लगभग कोई नहीं जानता था, फिर भी वह एक महान् कारीगर था। वर्णनकर्ता ने पूछा कि क्या वह एक महंगा दर्जी था। इस पर उस अजनबी ने उत्तर दिया, “मुझे मालूम नहीं। उसने तीन वर्ष पूर्व मेरा यह सूट बनाया था, और उसने अभी तक मुझे बिल नहीं भेजा है।” उसने लेखक से कहा कि दर्जी का नाम एल्फान्सो कोर्टिसेला था और वह मध्य मार्ग फेरारा 17 में रहता था।

वर्णनकर्ता ने दर्जी का घर ढूंढ निकाला। वह छोटे कद का एक बूढ़ा आदमी था। उसने अपने बाल काले रंगे हुए थे। वर्णनकर्ता ने उससे कहा कि वह उसके लिए एक सूट बना दे। दर्जी ने वर्णनकर्ता के लिए एक कपड़ा चुना और उसका नाप लिया। उसने फिटिंग जांचने के लिए वर्णनकर्ता के घर आने की पेशकश की। जब वर्णनकर्ता ने उससे पैसों का पूछा तो उसने कहा उसकी कोई जल्दी नहीं थी।

वर्णनकर्ता को तीन सप्ताह बाद सूट मिल गया। यह एक अत्युत्तम कलाकृत्ति था परन्तु वर्णनकर्ता का उसे पहनने का मन न हुआ। यह कुछ सप्ताहों बाद ही हुआ कि उसने उसे पहनने का निश्चय किया। यह अप्रैल में मंगलवार का दिन था और उस दिन बरसात हो रही थी। वर्णनकर्ता कहता है कि उस दिन को वह कभी भूल नहीं पाएगा। वर्णनकर्ता अपने दफ्तर में था। उसने जैकट की जेब में अपना हाथ डाला। उसमें कागज़ का एक टुकड़ा

था। वर्णनकर्ता ने सोचा कि यह दर्जी का बिल होगा। परन्तु जब उसने इसे बाहर निकाला तो यह एक दस हज़ार लियर का नोट था। वर्णनकर्ता ने सोचा कि शायद दर्जी ने उसे वहां डाल दिया होगा और फिर उसके बारे में भूल गया होगा। इसलिए दर्जी को पत्र लिखने के लिए उसने अपनी सेक्रेटरी को बुलाया। परन्तु इससे पहले कि सेक्रेटरी आती उसे अपनी जेब में कागज़ का एक अन्य टुकड़ा महसूस हुआ। उसका रंग एक मुर्दे के जैसा पीला पड़ गया। तभी सेक्रेटरी वहां आ गई। उसने वर्णनकर्ता से पूछा कि क्या वह स्वयम् को बीमार महसूस कर रहा था।

वर्णनकर्ता ने कहा कि वह थोड़ी थकावट अनुभव कर रहा था। उसने उसे यह कहकर वापस भेज दिया वह पत्र थोड़ी देर बाद लिखवा लेगा। जब वह चली गई तो उसने अपनी जेब से कागज़ का वह टुकड़ा निकाला। यह दस हज़ार लियर का एक और नोट था। फिर उसने ऐसा तीसरी बार किया और तीसरा नोट जेब से निकल आया। वर्णनकर्ता दफ़्तर से घर चला आया। उसने दरवाज़े बन्द कर लिए और पर्दे नीचे गिरा दिए। उसने नोट निकालने शुरू कर दिए। उसके सामने नोटों का ढेर लग गया। उसने उन्हें गिना। ये 58 मिलियन लियर थे। उसने एक पुराना ट्रंक खाली किया और पैसों को उसमें छिपा दिया।

प्रातः उसकी नौकरानी आ गई। उसने वर्णनकर्ता को बिस्तर में सूट पहने लेटा देखा। यह देखकर उसे हैरानी हुई। वर्णनकर्ता ने उसे कह दिया कि वह रात को कुछ ज्यादा ही पी गया था। नौकरानी ने वर्णनकर्ता से कहा कि वह सूट उतार कर उसे दे दे ताकि वह उस पर ब्रश मार दे। परन्तु वर्णनकर्ता ने उससे कहा कि उसे अभी बाहर जाना था और उसके पास कपड़े बदलने का समय नहीं था। वह एक कपड़ों की दुकान पर गया और उसी तरह का एक सूट खरीद लाया। उसने फैसला किया कि वह इसे नौकरानी की देखभाल में छोड़ देगा, और दूसरे को किसी सुरक्षित स्थान पर छिपा देगा।

परन्तु सुबह के समाचार-पत्रों में एक ऐसी खबर थी जिसने उसकी खुशी ठण्डी कर दी। यह एक बैंक डकैती की खबर थी। बैंक की एक गाड़ी मुख्य दफ्तर की ओर पैसे लेकर जा रही थी। चार अपराधियों ने उसे रोका और एक आदमी को मार डाला। वे सारा पैसा ले गए। यह 58 मिलियन लियर थे। इस घटना से वर्णनकर्ता थोड़ी दुविधा में पड़ गया। परन्तु उसी शाम वह दोबारा उसी काम पर लग गया। वह पहले ही धनी बन चुका था परन्तु वह और धनी बनना चाहता था। इस बार उसे 135 मिलियन प्राप्त हुए।

सुबह के समाचार-पत्रों में फिर एक खबर आई। एक भयानक आग ने एक गोदाम को तबाह कर दिया था जिसमें 135 मिलियन से ज्यादा नगदी नष्ट हो गई। दो आग बुझाने वाले कर्मचारी भी आग बुझाते समय मारे गए थे। अब वर्णनकर्ता जान गया था कि उसकी जेब में पैसा अपराधों, खून और मृत्यु से आ रहा था। परन्तु उसके लिए उसने स्वयम् को दोषी न ठहराया। वह अपनी जेब से पैसे निकालता ही चला गया। उसने एक बड़ासा बंगला खरीदा और घूमने-फिरने के लिए बड़ी-बड़ी गाड़ियां ले ली।

एक प्रातः उसी इमारत में एक बूढ़ी औरत मरी हुई पाई गई जहां लेखक अनेक वर्षों तक रहा था। उसने आत्महत्या कर ली थी क्योंकि उसने अपनी 30 हज़ार लियर की अपनी मासिक पेंशन कहीं खो दी थी। वर्णनकर्ता ने उतनी ही रकम एक दिन पहले अपनी जैकट से निकाली थी। उसने अनुभव किया कि जब भी वह अपनी जेब से पैसे निकालता था तो संसार में कुछ बुरा हो जाता था। वह उसे और अधिक सहन नहीं कर सकता था। वर्णनकर्ता ने अपनी कार ली और एक पहाड़ी स्थान पर चला गया। वहां उसने जैकट को जलाकर राख कर दिया। जब ज्वालाएं शान्त हो रही थीं तो उसने एक मानव की आवाज़ सुनी। उसने कहा, “अब बहुत देर हो चुकी है।” वर्णनकर्ता ने यह जानने की कोशिश की कि यह किसकी आवाज़ थी, परन्तु उसे वहां कोई दिखाई न दिया।

फिर भी वह खुश था कि उसे जैकट से छुटकारा मिल गया था। परन्तु जब वह वापस घर आया तो उसने देखा कि उसकी कार, उसका बंगला और उसके सब बैंक खाते गायब हो चुके थे। उसके पुराने ट्रंक में धूल के अतिरिक्त और कुछ नहीं था। वह उदास और चिन्तित हो गया। परन्तु किसी ने उसकी कोई परवाह नहीं की। अब उसके मन में यह निरन्तर भय बना रहता था कि किसी दिन बह घृणित दर्जी आएगा और अपने बिल के पैसे मांगेगा।

The Bewitched Jacket Translation in Hindi

(Page 46)

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. bewitched—जादुई, अभिशप्त; 2. unexpected—अप्रत्याशित; 3. reception–स्वागत पार्टी; 4. complimented—प्रशंसा की; 5. curiously-विचित्र ढंग से; 6. expensiveमहंगा; 7. imagineकल्पना करना, विचार से; 8. swear-कसम खाना।

अनुवाद-एक रात (इटली के नगर) मिलन में एक स्वागत समारोह के दौरान मैं लगभग चालीस वर्ष की आयु के एक आदमी से मिला जो अपने वस्त्रों की वजह से देखने में सुन्दर लगता था। मैं नहीं जानता कि वह कौन था, मैं उससे पहली बार मिल रहा था, तथा प्रारम्भ में, जैसा कि सदा होता है, उसका नाम जानना असम्भव था। किन्तु कुछ समय के बाद मैंने उसे अपने समीप पाया, और हम बातें करने लगे। वह एक भद्र पुरुष प्रतीत होता था, किन्तु वह कुछ उदास लगता था। मैंने उसके वस्त्रों के लिए उसकी प्रशंसा की, और मैंने उससे पूछा कि उसका दर्जी कौन था। वह अजीब ढंग से हंस दिया, मानो वह जानता ही था कि मैं उससे यह प्रश्न पूछूगा।

‘उसे लगभग कोई नहीं जानता है,’ उसने कहा। ‘फिर भी वह एक महान् कारीगर है।’ ‘क्या मैं……. ?’ ‘हां, कोशिश कर लीजिए। उसका नाम कोर्टिसेला है, एल्फान्सो कोर्टिसेला, मध्यमार्ग फेरारा 17 पर।’ ‘बहुत महंगा होगा, मेरे विचार से।’

‘ऐसा मानता हूं, किन्तु क़सम से मुझे पता नहीं है। उसने मेरा यह सूट तीन वर्ष पहले बनाया था, और अब तक उसने मुझे अपना बिल नहीं भेजा है,’ उसने उत्तर दिया। ‘कोर्टिसेला, मध्यमार्ग फेरारा 17, क्या आपने ऐसा ही कहा था ?’ मैंने पूछा। ‘बिल्कुल यही,’ अजनबी ने उत्तर दिया। और वह मुझे छोड़ कर लोगों के एक अन्य समूह से जा मिला।

(Page 46-47)

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. measurements – नाप; 2. vest—वास्कट; 3. masterpiece – सर्वोत्तम कलाकृत्ति; 4. lira – मुद्रा की एक भूतपूर्व इतालवी इकाई; 5. counterfier – जाली, नकली; 6. wallet-बटुआ।

अनुवाद-मध्य मार्ग फेरारा 17 पर मुझे वह मकान मिल गया। दर्जी स्वयं मुझे अन्दर ले जाने के लिए आया। वह छोटे कद का एक बूढ़ा आदमी था जिसने अपने बालों को काला रंग कर रखा था। मैंने उसे बताया कि उसका पता मुझे कैसे मालूम पड़ा था, उसकी कपड़ा-कटाई की मैंने प्रशंसा की, और उससे कहा कि मेरे लिए एक सूट बना दे। उसने सलेटी रंग का ऊनी कपड़ा चुना, फिर उसने मेरा नाप लिया, तथा स्वयं ही कहा कि वह फिटिंग को जांचने के लिए मेरे घर पर आ जाएगा।

मैंने उससे इसकी कीमत पूछी। ‘कोई जल्दी नहीं है,’ उसने ऐसा उत्तर दिया। ‘कितना अच्छा आदमी है!’ मैंने पहले ऐसा सोचा। किन्तु जब मैं घर लौट रहा था तो मुझे अनुभव हुआ कि उस बूढ़े आदमी ने मुझे बेचैन बना दिया था। (शायद उसकी बहुत ज्यादा स्नेहपूर्ण मुस्कराहटों की वजह से।) संक्षेप में उसे दोबारा मिलने की मेरी कोई इच्छा नहीं थी। किन्तु अब सूट का आर्डर दिया जा चुका था तथा तीन सप्ताह के पश्चात् यह तैयार हो गया।

जब वे इसे मेरे पास ले कर आए, तो मैंने इसे पहन कर देखा (जैकट, पतलून और वास्कट) शीशे के सामने खड़ा होकर। यह एक अत्युत्तम काम था। फिर भी, पता नहीं क्यों, इसे पहनने को मेरा मन नहीं था तथा कई सप्ताह बीत गए, इससे पहले कि मैं इसे पहनने का निर्णय कर पाता।

वह दिन मैं कभी नहीं भूलूंगा। यह अप्रैल महीने का एक मंगलवार का दिन था तथा वर्षा हो रही थी। जब मैंने सूट पहना तो मुझे प्रसन्नता हुई क्योंकि यह मुझे बहुत अच्छे तरह से ठीक बैठा था। नियमतः मैं वास्कट की दाईं जेब में कोई चीज़ नहीं डालता हूं; बाईं वाली जेब में मैं अपना कार्ड रखता हूं। दफ्तर में कुछ घण्टों के बाद मैंने दाईं जेब में अपना हाथ डाला। मैंने देखा कि वहां इसमें कागज़ का एक टुकड़ा था। क्या यह दर्जी का बिल था ?

नहीं। यह. दस हज़ार इतालवी लियर का एक नोट था। मैं चकित रह गया। निश्चय ही मैंने इसे वहां नहीं डाला था। मैंने उस नोट को ध्यानपूर्वक देखा। क्या यह कोई नकली नोट था ? मैंने इसे रोशनी में देखा। मैंने इसे दूसरे नोटों के साथ मिला कर देखा। वहां कोई अन्तर नहीं था। मैंने सोचा कि यह अवश्य ही कोर्टिसेला का होगा। शायद कोई ग्राहक भुगतान करने आया होगा। तब उस समय दर्जी के पास अपना बटुआ नहीं रहा होगा, इसलिए उसने पैसे मेरी जैकट में डाल दिए होंगे जो शायद समीप ही लटक रही थी। ऐसी बातें हो जाती हैं। मैंने अपने सेक्रेटरी को फोन किया। मैं कोर्टिसेला को एक पत्र लिखना चाहता था, वे पैसे वापस करने के .. लिए जो मेरे नहीं थे। फिर भी (और मैं कह नहीं सकता कि मैंने ऐसा क्यों किया) मैंने अपना हाथ दोबारा जेब में डाल दिया।

‘क्या कोई परेशानी है, श्रीमान् ? क्या आप अस्वस्थ महसूस कर रहे हैं ?’ मेरी सेक्रेटरी ने पूछा। मैं शायद एक मुर्दे के जितना पीला पड़ गया था। मेरी जेब में मेरी अंगुलियों ने कागज़ के एक दूसरे टुकड़े को छुआ – जो कुछ मिनट पहले वहां नहीं था।

(Page 48-49)

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. dizziness—चक्कर आना ; 2. dictate-लिखवाना ; 3. mysterious-रहस्यमय; 4. maid-नौकरानी ; 5. blinds-पर्दे ; 6. miracle-चमत्कार ; 7. diminished—कम हो गया।

अनुवाद-‘नहीं, नही, कोई बात नहीं है,’ मैने कह दिया, ‘थोड़ा सिर भारी हो रहा था। कभी-कभी मेरे साथ ऐसा हो जाता है। शायद मैं थोड़ा थक गया हूं। अब तुम जा सकती हो। प्रिय, मैं एक पत्र लिखवाना चाहता था, किन्तु हम इसे बाद में कर लेंगे।’ केवल अपनी सेक्रेटरी के चले जाने के बाद मैंने अपनी जेब में से कागज़ का वह टुकड़ा निकाला। यह एक अन्य एक हज़ार लियर का नोट था। फिर मैंने तीसरी बार करके देखा। और एक तीसरा नोट निकल आया। मेरा दिल ज़ोर-ज़ोर से धड़कने लगा। यह एक रहस्यमय बात थी।

एक परी-कथा की भांति, जिस पर विश्वास करना कठिन था। मैं दफ्तर छोड़ कर घर चला गया। मैं अकेले बैठना चाहता था। सौभाग्यवश मेरी नौकरानी पहले ही जा चुकी थी। मैंने दरवाजे बन्द कर दिए और पर्दे गिरा दिए। मैं एक-के-बाद-एक करके, नोट निकालने लगा, बहुत जल्दी-जल्दी। मेरी जेब कभी खाली नहीं होती थी। मैं ऐसा बार-बार करता गया, यह भय लिए हुए कि यह अजूबा कभी भी समाप्त हो सकता था। मैं इसे दिन-रात जारी रखना चाहता था, जब तक कि मेरे पास लाखों न हो जाते। किन्तु एक समय पर आ कर (नोटों के) प्रवाह की गति कम हो गई।

(Page 49)

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. heap-ढेर ; 2. amazed-आश्चर्य-चकित ; 3. sigh of relief-राहत की सांस ; 4. incident-घटना ; 5. dampened-निराश कर दिया. ; 6. robbery-डाका ; 7. armouredबख्तरबंद ; 8. superstitious-अन्धविश्वासी।

अनवाद-मेरे सामने नोटों का एक ढेर पड़ा हुआ था। ज़रूरी बात यह थी कि उन्हें छिपा दिया जाए, ताकि किसी को भी उनकी कोई भनक न पड़े। मैंने कम्बलों से भरा हुआ पुराना ट्रंक खाली किया और इसमें पैसे डाल दिए, सब से नीचे अनेक तहों में लगा कर। फिर मैंने धीरे-धीरे गिनना गुरू कर दिया। वहां 58 मिलियन (पांच करोड़ 80 लाख) लियर थे।

अगली प्रातः मैं नौकरानी के आने के बाद जागा। वह मुझे सूट पहने हुए ही बिस्तर में लेटे देखे कर हैरान रह गई। मैंने हंसने की कोशिश की, यह समझाते हुए कि बीती रात मैं कुछ ज्यादा ही पी गया था। नौकरानी ने मुझे कहा कि मैं सूट उतार दूं, ताकि वह इसे कम से कम ब्रुश मार कर झाड़ दे।

मैंने उत्तर दिया कि मुझे तुरन्त बाहर जाना था और मेरे पास वस्त्र बदलने का समय नहीं था। फिर जल्दी से मैं सिले सिलाए वस्त्र बेचने वाली एक दुकान पर गया, उसी तरह का एक दूसरा सूट खरीदने के लिए; मैंने सोचा कि मैं इस नए सूट को नौकरानी की देखरेख में छोड़ दूंगा; और ‘अपने’ वाले कोट को एक सुरक्षित जगह में छिपा दूंगा।

मुझे पता नहीं चल रहा था कि क्या मैं किसी स्वप्न में से गुजर रहा था। गली में आने पर मैं निरन्तर अपने रेनकोट (बरसाती) के नीचे वाली अपनी जेब को टटोलता रहा। हर बार मैं राहत की सांस भर लेता। मुझे वहां कागज़ का नोट महसूस हो सकता था। किन्तु एक घटना से मेरा जोश ठण्डा पड़ गया। वहां प्रातः के समाचार-पत्रों में एक बैंक-डकैती का समाचार था।

एक बैंक की बख्तरबंद गाड़ी मुख्य कार्यालय की ओर पैसे ले जा रही थी कि जब चार अपराधियों द्वारा इसे मध्यमार्ग ली पाल्मनोवा पर रोक लिया गया और इस में से सब राशि साफ़ कर दी गई। जब उस मौके पर लोग इकट्ठे हो गए तो अपराधियों में से एक ने गोलियां चलानी शुरू कर दी और एक आदमी मारा गया। किन्तु सबसे बड़ी बात, लूटी गई राशि अचम्भा पहुंचाने वाली थी-यह 58 मिलियन लियर थी !

क्या अचानक मिली मेरी दौलत और इस चोरी में कोई सम्बन्ध था जो कि लगभग एक ही समय पर घटित हुई थीं ? क्या ऐसा सोचना मूर्खता की बात है ? इससे भी ज्यादा बड़ी बात यह है कि मैं अन्धविश्वासी (वहमी) नहीं हूं, किन्तु इस घटना ने मुझे थोड़ा उलझन में डाल दिया।

(Page 50)

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. warehouse-माल-गोदाम ; 2. villa—देहाती बंगला ; 3. abroad-विदेश ; 4. mislaid-खो दिया ; 5. get rid of-छुटकारा पाना।

अनुवाद-व्यक्ति को जितना ज्यादा मिलता जाता है, वह उतना ही ज्यादा चाहता है। मैं पहले ही धनी बन चुका था। किन्तु मैं और भी धनी होना चाहता था। तथा उसी सायं मैं दोबारा उसी काम में लग गया। इस बार 135 मिलियन हो गए।

उस रात मैं अपनी आंखे बन्द न कर पाया। मैं उलझन में था। प्रभात होने पर मैं उछल कर बिस्तर से बाहर आ गया, अपने वस्त्र पहने, तथा समाचार-पत्र लेने के लिए भागता हुआ बाहर गया। जब मैं पढ़ रहा था तो मेरी सांस रुक गई। एक भयानक आग जो एक गोदाम में लग गई थी, उससे मध्यमार्ग सैन क्लोरा के मुख्य बाज़ार में एक इमारत का आधा हिस्सा तबाह हो गया था। आग से ज़मीन-जायदाद का कारोबार करने वाली एक बड़ी कम्पनी की तिजोरियां नष्ट हो गई थीं जिनमें 135 मिलियन से ज़्यादा नगदी पड़ी हुई थी। आग को बुझाने के दौरान दो फायरमैन भी मारे गए थे।

अब मैं जान गया कि मेरी जेब वाला पैसा कहां से आता था। अपराधों से, खून बहाने से और मौत से। किन्तु इसके लिए मैं स्वयं को दोषी ठहराने को तैयार नहीं था। मैंने अपनी जेब में से पैसे निकालने का काम जारी रखा बहुत आसान काम था। मैं अपना हाथ जेब में डाल लेता और मेरी अंगुलियां हमेशा नोटों से छू जातीं। पैसे, ईश्वरीय पैसे! मैंने शीघ्र ही एक विशाल बंगला खरीद लिया (यद्यपि मुझे पुराने मकान में ही रहते रहना ठीक लगा), मैने पेन्टिंगें खरीदी, बड़ी-बड़ी गाड़ियों में घूमा करता, तथा ‘स्वास्थ्य कारणों की वजह से’ अपनी फ़र्म को छोड़ने के बाद, अति सुन्दर औरतों के साथ पूरे संसार की यात्रा की।

मैं जान गया था कि हर बार जब मैं अपनी जेब में से पैसे निकालता तो संसार में कोई दुःखदायक घटना हो जाती थी। किन्तु फिर भी मैंने वह काम करना जारी रखा। और वह दर्जी ? मैंने बिल जानने के लिए उसे टैलीफोन किया, किन्तु किसी ने उत्तर नहीं दिया। मध्यमार्ग फैरारा पर जब मैं उसकी तलाश करने गया, तो लोगों ने मुझे बताया कि वह विदेश चला गया था, उन्हें यह पता नहीं था कि वह कहां गया था। एक प्रातः उस इमारत में जहां मैं अनेक वर्ष रहा था, यह पता चला कि एक साठ वर्षीय रिटायर हुई औरत ने आत्महत्या कर ली थी क्योंकि वह 30 हज़ार लियर की अपनी मासिक पेन्शन किसी जगह रख कर भूल गई थी, जो उसने एक दिन पहले ही प्राप्त की थी। वे पैसे अब मेरे पास थे। ‘बहुत हो चुका, बहुत हो चुका !’ मैंने सोचा। मुझे उस जैकट से छुटकारा पाना था। मैंने इसे नष्ट करने का निश्चय कर लिया।

(Page 50-52)

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. valley-घाटी ; 2. boulder-चट्टान ; 3. terrified—भयभीत ; 4. clearing-वह जगह जहां से पेड़ काट लिए गए हों ; 5. cursed—घृणित।।

अनुवाद-कार द्वारा मैं एल्पस पर्वत की एक घाटी में आया तथा जंगल की तरफ़ चल दिया। वहां कोई भी जीवित आदमी नहीं था। मैं जंगल को पार करके एक चट्टानी जगह पर पहुंचा। यहां से विशाल पत्थरों के मध्य खड़े हो कर मैंने अपने पिठूबैग में से वह जादुई जैकट खींच कर निकाली, और इसे आग लगा दी। कुछ ही मिनटों में इसकी केवल राख बची रह गई। किन्तु जब ज्वालाएं समाप्त हो रही थीं तो मुझे किसी मानव की आवाज़ सुनाई दी। यह केवल दो या तीन मीटर दूर से आई थी। “बहुत देर; बहुत देर हो गई है!” इसने कहा। भयभीत हुए मैंने घूम कर देखा। किन्तु मुझे कोई दिखाई नहीं दिया। मैं उस आदमी की तलाश करता हुआ एक चट्टान से कूद कर दूसरी पर गया। कुछ न मिला। वहां केवल चट्टानें थीं।

भय पर काबू पाने के बाद मैं घाटी को लौट आया। मैं प्रसन्न था कि जैकट अब मेरे पास नहीं थी। आखिर मैं मुक्त हो गया था। तथा सौभाग्य से धनी। किन्तु मेरी कार उस कटे हुए पेड़ों वाली घासदार जगह पर नहीं थी। तथा नगर को लौटने के बाद मैंने देखा कि मेरा बंगला गायब हो गया था, और इसकी जगह एक खेत था जिसमें एक नोटिस लगा हुआ था- ‘नगर-निगम की बिकाऊ जगह।’ मेरे बचत खाते में कोई पैसे नहीं बचे थे। तथा मेरे पुराने ट्रंक में केवल धूल थी, धूल के सिवाय और कुछ नहीं।

मैं जानता हूं कि यह सब अभी समाप्त नहीं हुआ है। मैंने बहुत मुश्किल से उसी जगह फिर से काम करना शुरू कर दिया। मैं उदास और चिन्तित रहता हूं, किन्तु कोई भी मेरी हालत की तरफ ध्यान नहीं देता है। मैं जानता हूं कि किसी दिन मेरे दरवाज़े की घण्टी बजेगी। मैं इसका उत्तर दूंगा और वहां मेरे सामने वह घृणित दर्जी खड़ा होगा, अपने हिसाब को अन्तिम रूप से चुकता करवाने के लिए।

Class 9 English Literature Book PSEB Supplementary Reader

• The Magic Violin Question Answer
• Wishes Come True Question Answer
• In the Flood Question Answer
• A Letter to God Question Answer
• The Last Leaf Question Answer
• The Bewitched Jacket Question Answer
• The King who Limped Question Answer

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class English Book Solutions English Main Course Book Poem 3 The Nightingale and the Glow-worm Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 9th English Main Course Book Poem Chapter 3 The Nightingale and the Glow-worm Question Answers

The Nightingale and the Glow-worm Class 9 Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What did the nightingale do throughout the day ?
(बुलबुल दिन भर क्या करती रही ?)
Answer:
The nightingale sang throughout the day.
बुलबुल दिन भर गाती रही।

Question 2.
Why did it stop singing in the evening ?
(इसने शाम को गाना क्यों बन्द कर दिया ?)
Answer:
It felt very hungry in the evening. So it stopped singing.
इसे शाम को बहुत भूख महसूस हुई। इसलिए इसने गाना बन्द कर दिया।

Question 3.
What is the central idea of the poem, ‘The Nightingale and the Glow-worm’?
(इस कविता का केन्द्रीय भाव क्या है ?)
Answer:
The poem ‘The Nightingale and the Glow-worm is based on the idea : ‘Live and let live’. Everyone has a talent. He should be free to make the world beautiful. Let no one be harmed..
यह कविता ‘जियो और जीने दो’ के विचार पर आधारित है। प्रत्येक में कोई न कोई गुण होता है। वह संसार को सुन्दर बनाने के लिए स्वतन्त्र होना चाहिए। किसी को हानि नहीं पहुंचानी चाहिए।

Question 4.
A nightingale beautifies and cheers the night. How does it do that?
(एक बुलबुल रात को सुन्दर और प्रसन्न बनाती है। यह ऐसा कैसे करती है ?)
Answer:
A nightingale beautifies and cheers the night with his sweet song.
एक बुलबुल अपने मधुर गीत से रात को सुन्दर और प्रसन्न बनाती है।

Question 5.
How does a glow-worm beautify and cheer the night ?
(एक जुगनू रात को सुन्दर और प्रसन्न कैसे बनाता है ?)
Answer:
A glow-worm beautifies and cheers the night with his light.
जुगनू अपने प्रकाश से रात को सुन्दर और प्रसन्न बना देता है।

Question 6.
How does the glow-worm plead his case with the nightingale ? Say in your own words.
(जुगनू बुलबुल के साथ अपनी बात का तर्क कैसे देता है ? अपने शब्दों में लिखें।)
Answer:
The glow-worm speaks words of great wisdom. He says that both of them can beautify the world — one with music and the other with light. The nightingale feels impressed and lets the glow-worm go.

जुगनू बहुत बुद्धिमत्ता के शब्द बोलता है। वह कहता है कि दोनों संसार को सुन्दर बना सकते हैंएक अपने संगीत के साथ और दूसरा अपने प्रकाश के साथ। बुलबुल प्रभावित हो जाती है और जुगनू
को जाने देती है।

Question 7.
A synonym means a word with a similar meaning. Find synonyms of the following words from the poem :
hunger, speech, dinner, God.
Answer:
hunger = appetite
speech = oration dinner = supper
God = power divine

Question 8.
Antonyms are words opposite in meaning. Find antonyms for the following words from the poem :
arrested, sad, bright.
Answer:
arrested → released
sad → cheer
bright → dark

Stanzas For Comprehension

Stanza 1

A nightingale, that all day long?
Had cheered the village with his song.
Nor yet at eve his note suspended,
Nor yet when eventide was ended,
Began to feel as well he might,
The keen demands of appetite.

Question.
1. What did the nightingale do all day long ?
2. When did he stop singing ?
3. Where was the nightingale singing ?
4. What did he begin to feel ?
Answers
1. The nightingale sang the whole day long.
2. He stopped singing when it was dark.
3. The nightingale was singing in the village.
4. The nightingale began to feel very hungry.

Stanza 2 (For Practice)

When, looking eagerly around,
He spied far off, upon the ground,
A something shining in the dark,
And knew the glow-worm by his spark ;
So, stooping down from hawthorn top,
He thought to put him in his crop.

Questions
1. Name the poem and the poet.
2. How was the nightingale looking around ?
3. What did he see in the dark ?
4. What did he do ?
5. Where was the nightingale sitting ?

Stanza 3

The worm, aware of his intent,
Harangued him thus, right eloquent
“Did you admire my lamp,” quoth he,
“As much as I your minstrelsy?
You would abhor to do me wrong,
As much as I to spoil your song:
For’t was the self-same power divines
Taught you to sing, and me to shine.”

Questions
1. Who does ‘his’ in the first line refer to ?
2. What was his intent ?
3. What worm has been referred to in these lines ?
4. Whose intent was the worm aware of ? What was the intent ?
5. How did the glow-worm beautify the night ?
Answer:
1. The word “his’ here refers to the nightingale.
2. His intent was to have the glow-worm for his food.
3. The worm is a glow-worm.
4. The worm was aware of the nightingale’s intent. His intent was to kill the worm and eat it.
5. The glow-worm beautified the night with his light.

Stanza 4 (For Practices)

“That you with music, I with light,
Might beautify and cheer the night.”
The songster heard his short oration,

And warbling out his approbation
Released him, as my story tells,
And found a supper somewhere else.

Questions
1. Who was the songster?
2. Whose oration did he hear?
3. Whom did he release ?
4. Who found his supper somewhere else ?
5. Which word in these lines means ‘approval or agreement ?

Objective Type Questions

Answer the following in one word / phrase / sentence :

Question 1.
Who wrote the poem, “The Nightingale and the Glow-worm’ ?
Answer:
William Cowper.

Question 2.
Where was the nightingale singing ?
Answer:
In the village.

Question 3.
What did the nightingale see in the dark ?
Answer:
He saw a glow-worm.

Question 4.
What did the nightingale intend to do with the glow-worm ?
Answer:
He intended to eat the glow-worm.

Question 5.
What did the nightingale do after releasing the glow-worm ?
Answer:
He started finding his supper somewhere else.

Complete the following:

1. The nightingale ……………….. throughout the day.
2. The nightingale feels …………… with the glow-worm’s words.
3. A nightingale cheers the night with his ….
Answer:
1. sang
2. impressed
3. sweet song.

Write True or False against each statement :

1. The nightingale stopped singing when it was dawn.
2. The nightingle speaks words of great wisdom.
3. The glow-worm beautifies the night with his light.
Answer:
1. False
2. False
3. True.

The Nightingale and the Glow-worm Summary in English

The Nightingale and the Glow-worm Introduction:

Once a nightingale was hungry. He saw a glow-worm in the dark. He wanted to eat the glow-worm. But the glow-worm was a good speaker. He said that both of them were useful for the world. The glow-worm cheered the world with his light. The nightingale cheered the world with his music. The same God had created both of them. The nightingale was impressed. He let the glow-worm go. He found his supper somewhere else.

The Nightingale and the Glow-worm Summary in English:

A nightingale had pleased the villagers with his music throughout the day. At night he felt hungry. He looked around for food. He saw a glow-worm. He came down to eat it. The glowworm requested him to spare his life. He said that both of them were precious creatures. The glow-worm cheered the world with his light while the nightingale cheered the world with his music. The same God had created both of them to fulfil their duties in the world. The glow-worm’s speech had a good effect on the nightingale. He let the glow-worm go. He found his supper somewhere else.

The Nightingale and the Glow-worm Summary in Hindi

The Nightingale and the Glow-worm Introduction:

एक बार एक बुलबुल को भूख लगी हुई थी। उसने अन्धेरे में एक जुगनू को देखा। वह जुगनू को खाना चाहती थी। परन्तु जुगनू एक अच्छा वक्ता था। उसने कहा कि संसार के लिए वे दोनों ही लाभदायक हैं। वह अपने प्रकाश से संसार को प्रसन्न बनाता है। बुलबुल अपने गीतों से संसार को प्रसन्न करती है। दोनों को एक ही ईश्वर ने बनाया है। बुलबुल प्रभावित हो गई। उसने जुगनू को छोड़ दिया। उसने अपना भोजन कहीं और ढूंढ लिया।

The Nightingale and the Glow-worm Summary in Hindi:

कविता का विस्तृत सार एक बुलबुल ने अपने गीतों से सारा दिन गाँव वालों को प्रसन्न किया था। रात को उसे भूख लग गई। उसने भोजन की तलाश में चारों तरफ़ देखा। उसे एक जुगनू दिखाई दिया। वह उसे खाने के लिए नीचे आई। जुगनू उसके इरादे को जान गया। वह एक अच्छा वक्ता था। उसने बुलबुल से उसे न मारने की प्रार्थना की। उसने कहा कि वे दोनों अमूल्य जीव हैं। जुगनू अपने प्रकाश से संसार को रोशन करता था जबकि बुलबुल अपने गीतों से संसार को खुश करती थी। एक ही ईश्वर ने दोनों को संसार में अपने-अपने कर्तव्य निभाने के लिए बनाया था। जुगनू के उपदेश का बुलबुल पर अच्छा असर पड़ा। उसने जुगनू को मुक्त कर दिया। उसने अपना भोजन कहीं और तलाश कर लिया।

The Nightingale and the Glow-worm Translation in Hindi

(Line 1-6)

A nightingale, that all day long
Had cheered the village with his song,
Nor yet at eve his note suspended,
Nor yet when eventide was ended.
Began to feel as well he might,
The keen demands of appetite;

कठिन शब्दार्थ-
1. cheered – प्रसन्न किया ; 2. eve – शाम का समय ; 3. suspended – बन्द किया; 4. eventide – सायंकाल ; 5. keen – तीव्र ; 6. demands – माँगें ; 7. appetite – भूख। अनुवाद

एक बुलबुल,’ जो दिन भर
मनोरंजन करती रही थी गांव वालों का अपने गीत से
सायंकाल होने तक भी उसने अपना गीत बन्द नहीं किया था ।
तब भी नहीं जब सायंकाल समाप्त हो चुका था।
शुरू कर दिया था उसने महसूस करना जितना वो कर सकती थी,
भूख की तीव्र कसक को।

(Lines 7-12)

When, looking eagerly around,
He spied far off, upon the ground,
A something shining in the dark,
And knew the glow-worm by his spark;
So, stooping down from hawthorn top,
He thought to put him in his crop.

कठिन शब्दार्थ- 1. eagerly —- उत्सुकता से ; 2. around – चारों तरफ़ ; 3. spied – देखा ; 4. ground – ज़मीन, भूमि ; 5. shining – चमकता हुआ ; 6. dark – अन्धेरा ; 7. glow-worm – जुगनू ; 8. spark – चमक ; 9. stooping – झुकते हुए ; 10. crop – चिड़िया के गले में एक थैली जहां भोजन जमा होता है ; 11. hawthorn – कॉटेदार झाड़ी।

अनुवाद
जब देख रही थी वह उत्सुकतापूर्वक चारों ओर,
उसने देखी दूर, ज़मीन के ऊपर,
कोई चीज़ अन्धेरे में चमकती हुई,
और पहचान लिया उसने जुगनू को उसकी चमक से;
इसलिए झुकते हुए नीचे को काँटेदार झाड़ी से,
उसने सोची बात उसे अपने मुंह में डालने की।

(Lines 13-20)

The worm, aware of his intent,
Harangued him thus, right eloquent
“Did you admire my lamp”, quoth he,
“As much as I your minstrelsy ?
You would abhor to do me wrong,
As much as I to spoil your song;
For’t was the self-same power divine,
Taught you to sing, and me to shine;

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. intent – नीयत ; 2. harangued – लम्बा और सच्चाई भरा भाषण दिया ; 3. eloquent – भावपूर्ण ; 4. admire – प्रशंसा करना ; 5. quoth – कहना ; 6. minstrelsy – गाना ; 7. abhor – नफ़रत करना ; 8. spoil – बर्बाद करना ; 9. divine – दैविक।

अनुवाद

जुगनू ने, भांपते हुए उसकी नीयत को,
उसे दिया एक लम्बा सच्चा भावपूर्ण भाषण,
“क्या तुम मेरे प्रकाश की उतनी प्रशंसा करते हो,”
पूछा उसने, “जितनी करता हूं मैं तुम्हारे गीत की ? तुम्हें चाहिए घृणा करनी मुझे हानि पहुँचाने से,
जितनी करता हूं मैं तुम्हारे गीत को नष्ट करने से ;
क्योंकि वही एक थी अलौकिक शक्ति,
जिसने सिखाया था तुम्हें गाना और मुझे चमकना।

(Lines 21-26)

“That you with music, I with light,
Might beautify and cheer the night.”
The songster heard his short oration.
And warbling out his approbation
Released him, as my story tells,
And found a supper somewhere else.

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. music – संगीत ; 2. light – प्रकाश ; 3. beautify – सुन्दर बनाना ; 4. cheer – खुश करना ; 5. oration — व्याख्यान, भाषण ; 6. warbling – विनम्र स्वर में गाना ; 7. approbation – समर्थन, अनुमोदन ; 8. released – मुक्त किया ; 9. supper – रात का भोजन।

अनुवाद

“ताकि तुम संगीत से और मैं प्रकाश से,
बना सकें रात को सुन्दर और खुशी-भरा।”
इस गायक ने सुना उसका छोटा-सा भाषण।
और मीठा गाते हुए दिया अपना समर्थन
छोड़ दिया उसे, जैसा कि बताती है मेरी कहानी,
और खोज लिया कहीं और अपना रात का भोजन।

Class 9th English Main Course Book Solutions PSEB Poetry

• Open Thy Eyes and see Thy God Question Answer
• No Men are Foreign Question Answer
• The Nightingale and the Glow-worm Question Answer

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class English Book Solutions English Main Course Book Chapter 2 Plants also Breathe and Feel Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 9th English Main Course Book Chapter 2 Plants also Breathe and Feel Question Answers

Plants also Breathe and Feel Class 9 Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions in your own words:

Question 1.
What was the event that surprised the world ?
(वह कौन-सी घटना थी जिसने सारे संसार को चकित कर दिया था ?)
Answer.
J.C. Bose had invented an instrument that could measure the growth of plants. He also proved that plants have hearts and can feel. He proved that plants can see. They can sense that a stranger is coming towards them. It was this discovery that surprised the world.

जे० सी० बोस ने एक ऐसे यन्त्र का आविष्कार किया था जो पौधों की वृद्धि को माप सकता था। उसने यह भी सिद्ध कर दिया कि पौधों का दिल होता है और वे महसूस कर सकते हैं। उसने सिद्ध कर दिया कि पौधे देख सकते हैं। वे भांप जाते हैं कि कोई अजनबी उनकी तरफ़ आ रहा है। यही खोज थी जिसने संसार को चकित कर दिया।

Question 2.
Name the instrument made by Jagdish Chandra Bose.
(जगदीश चन्द्र बोस द्वारा बनाए गए उपकरण का नाम बताएं।)
Answer.
Crescograph.
(क्रेस्कोग्राफ।)

Question 3.
What could the instrument measure ?
(यह उपकरण क्या माप सकता था ?)
Answer.
It could measure the growth of plants.
यह पौधों की वृद्धि को माप सकता था।

Question 4.
What was India known for in the nineteenth century ?
(उन्नीसवीं शताब्दी में भारत किस बात के लिए प्रसिद्ध था ?)
Answer.
India was known for its achievements in arts, literature and philosophy.
भारत कला, साहित्य और दर्शन-शास्त्र में अपनी प्राप्तियों के लिए प्रसिद्ध था।

Question 5.
Where did Bose go for higher studies ?
(उच्च शिक्षा प्राप्त करने के लिए बोस कहाँ गया ?)
Answer.
He went to England.
(वह इंग्लैंड गया।)

Question 6.
What did he have to struggle for ?
(उसे किस बात के लिए संघर्ष करना पड़ा ?)
Answer.
Bose worked as a Professor of Physics in Kolkata. But he was given only half of what was paid to a European Professor. Bose protested against it. In the end, he was given his due.

बोस कोलकाता में भौतिक विज्ञान के एक प्राध्यापक के रूप में काम करता था। परन्तु उसे उससे आधा वेतन मिलता था जितना एक यूरोपियन प्रोफेसर को दिया जाता था। बोस ने इसका विरोध किया। अन्त में उसे उसका अधिकार दे दिया गया।

Question 7.
What can plants feel ?
(पौधे क्या अनुभव कर सकते हैं ?)
Answer.
Plants can feel like human beings. They can feel tired, sad or happy.
पौधे मनुष्यों की तरह महसूस कर सकते हैं। वे थकान, उदासी या प्रसन्नता महसूस कर सकते हैं।

Question 8.
How can one be glorious ?
(व्यक्ति किस तरह यशस्वी बन सकता है ?)
Answer.
One can be glorious through one’s noble actions and hard work. Glory comes through action, not idleness.
व्यक्ति अपने अच्छे कामों और कठिन परिश्रम के द्वारा यशस्वी बन सकता है। यश क्रिया से प्राप्त होता है, निकम्मेपन से नहीं।

Write short notes on the following:

(निम्नलिखित पर नोट लिखिए)
1. Uses of crescograph
2. Jagdish Chandra Bose’s contribution to science
3. Jagdish Chandra Bose’s love for his country.
Answer.
1. Crescograph is a wonderful instrument. It can record the growth of plants. It shows how plants react to such things as light, noise and manures. It can show that plants feel like human beings. A crescograph can show that plants have a keen sight.

क्रेस्कोग्राफ एक अद्भुत यन्त्र है। यह पौधों की वृद्धि को माप सकता है। यह दिखाता है कि पौधे प्रकाश, शोर और खादों जैसी चीजों के प्रति कैसी प्रतिक्रिया करते हैं। यह दिखा सकता है कि पौधे मानव-जीवों की भांति महसूस करते हैं। एक क्रेस्कोग्राफ दिखा सकता है कि पौधों की नज़र तेज़ होती है।

2. J. C. Bose was a great scientist. He was interested in animal and plant life. He proved that all living things and lifeless objects behaved in the same way. He invented a wonderful instrument. It was called crescograph. With this instrument, he proved that plants can feel like human beings.

जे० सी० बोस एक महान वैज्ञानिक था। वह पशु और वनस्पति जीवन में रुचि रखता था। उसने सिद्ध कर दिया कि सभी जीव और निर्जीव चीजें एक ही तरह से व्यवहार करती हैं। उसने एक अद्भुत यन्त्र का आविष्कार किया। इसका नाम क्रेस्कोग्राफ था। इस यन्त्र के साथ उसने सिद्ध कर दिया कि पौधे मनुष्यों की भांति महसूस कर सकते हैं।

3. J. C. Bose was a great patriot. He was proud of his country. He was proud of India’s great past. And he had faith in the present generation also. He had faith in the intelligence of his countrymen. He was certain that they could do great things as their ancestors had done in the past.

जे० सी० बोस एक महान् देशभक्त था। उसे अपने देश पर गर्व था। उसे भारत के महान् अतीत पर गर्व था। तथा उसे वर्तमान पीढ़ी पर भी विश्वास था। उसे अपने देशवासियों की बुद्धिमानी पर विश्वास था। उसे विश्वास था कि वे महान् काम कर सकते थे जैसा कि उनके पूर्वज अतीत में किया करते थे।

Textual Vocabulary & Grammar

Question 1.
Match the persons listed in column A with their professions in column B :
Answer:
1. inventor — a person who makes things that did not exist before.
2. professor — a person who teaches in a college or a university.
3. artist — a person who makes things of art.
4. philosopher — a person who has a particular set of beliefs and ideas and is a lover of knowledge.
5. scientist — a person who does research in the field of science.
6. discoverer — a person who finds things that existed before.
7. follower — a person who supports someone else’s ideas and beliefs.
8. rebel — a person who fights against law.
9. writer — a person who writes books on various subjects.

Fill in the blanks with the words given in the box :

battle; cave; struggle; succeeded; reach; despair; defeated

Robert Bruce fought bravely but was ……….. He was hiding in a ………… and was lying in ………… He had been defeated many times. He was thinking of giving up the ………. On one of the walls of the cave, he noticed a spider trying to ………… its web. Eight times it fell down but ………. in the ninth attempt. On seeing this, Bruce also took heart again. He fought another …………. with his enemy and freed his country.
Answer:
defeated, cave, despair, struggle, reach, succeeded, battle.

Fill in the blanks with the words given in the box :

pleased; job; lying; threw; attention; disappointed; vacancy; seek; visited.

Once a smart-looking young man ………….. a business firm to …………. employment. The manager, though pleased, said, “There is no …………. in the firm right now.” As the man was ………….., he turned to leave. At the doorway, he saw a pin ………….. on the floor. He picked it up and …………. it into the dustbin. The manager was ……… with his habit of paying …………. to such small matters. He at once called him back and gave him a ………….
Answer:
visited, seek, vacancy, disappointed, lying, threw, pleased, attention, job.

State whether the words in italics are ‘adjectives’ or ‘nouns’:

1. She possesses a sound health. adjective
I hear a low sound coming from this side. noun

2. This ball is round in shape. adjective
I finished my fourth round only half a minute ago. noun

3. This colour is fast. adjective
I observe a fast every Monday. noun

4. She is wearing a very light dress. adjective
Please switch on the light. noun

5. He is a poor judge of people. adjective
Do not laugh at the poor and the needy. noun

Fill in the blanks by using the following conjunctions :

unless, while, although, when

1. We cannot get off the bus ………….. it slows down.
2. Make hay …………. the sun shines.
3. Mice will play …………… the cat is away.
4. He didn’t come to the party …………… we invited him.
5. ………….. he worked hard, he couldn’t succeed.
6. You cannot succeed ……………. you work hard.
7. Strike …………… the iron is hot.
8. The boat will sink …………… we bailout.
9. …………… the sun was shining, it wasn’t very warm.
10. The kidnappers told him that he would be killed …………… he cooperated.
Answer:
1. unless
2. while
3. when
4. although
5. Although
6. unless
7. while
8. when
9. Although
10. unless.

Fill in the blanks with the following determiners :

few, a few, the few, little, a little, the little

1. Asha said, “There is ………….. milk at home, so I cannot make tea for you.” Shiela said that she had ……………. milk in her kitchen with which they could make tea for both of them. When she went to her kitchen, she saw that her son had drunk ……………. milk she had.
Answer:
little, a little, the little.

2. The teacher noticed ………….. mistakes in Arjun’s assignment. He was surprised because Arjun usually made ……………. mistakes. The teacher corrected …. mistakes he had made.
Answer:
a few, few, the few.

Pronunciation Practice

Note the mismatch between sounds and spellings in the following words and say them aloud:

Extended Reading and Creative Writing

1. Make a list of the qualities of a gentleman. Discuss these with your classmate
2. How, according to you, should a teacher develop the personality of a child? Write your answer in 8-10 lines.

Use of textual words / phrases

1. Unique — Our Principal has a unique way of dealing with naughty students.
2. Approaching (adj) — Beware of the approaching danger.
3. Approaching (v) — The time is approaching when we will have to leave.
4. Amazed — I was amazed to see the jewellery she wore.
5. Victorious — The nation welcomed the victorious team home.
6. Temporary — She moved into some temporary accommodation.
7. Rebel — The rebels were dismissed from service.
8. Give up — You ought to give up smoking.
9. Stimulus — Praise always acts as a stimulus for little children.
10. Capable — Only human beings are capable of reason.
11. Glory — The glory of great men lasts for ever.
12. Undying — We have undying faith in God.

Objective Type Questions

Answer the following in one word/phrase / sentence :

Question 1.
Name the writer of the chapter.
Answer.
It is written by an anonymous writer.

Question 2.
What does the chapter talk about ?
Answer.
About plants.

Question 3.
According to the writer, what do the plants do like humans ?
Answer.
They also breathe and feel like them.

Question 4.
Who was Jagdish Chandra Bose ?
Answer.
He was a famous Indian scientist.

Question 5.
Where did Bose go for higher studies ?
Answer.
To England.

Question 6.
How was Bose as a man ?
Answer.
He was a man of principles.

Question 7.
Can plants feel tiredness, happiness, etc. ?
Answer.
Yes, they do have feelings like humans.

Question 8.
What machine did Bose build to prove his theory?
Answer.
It was Crescograph.

Question 9.
Where did he display his machine ?
Answer:
At the Paris Science Congress.

Question 10.
What confidence did he have about Indians ?
Answer:
He said that they were capable of great discoveries.

Complete the following :

1. Bose studied ……………….. at Calcutta University.
2. He went to …. for further studies.
3. Bose showed that the plants could also ……………. and
4. Bose found similarities between ………………. and non-living things.
5. People …………………. him when he first came out with his theory…….. was the name of the machine he had built.
Answer:
1. physics
2. England
3. breathe, feel
4. living
5. laughed at
6. Crescograph.

Write True or False against each statement :

1. Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose was born in England.
2. He received a salary equal to what a European got.
3. Bose was successful in proving his theory to the world.
4. Bose was interested in the plant life right from his boyhood.
5. He displayed his Crescograph at the English Convention.
6. He had a deep faith in the capability of all Indians.
Answer:
1. False
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. False
6. True

Choose the correct option for each of the following :

Question 1.
Bose graduated from ……………… university.
(a) Cambridge
(b) Oxford
(c) Paris
(d) Calcutta.
Answer:
(a) Cambridge

Question 2.
Bose was appointed as a professor of …………….
(a) Chemisty
(b) Physics
(c) General Science
(d) Higher Sciences.
Answer:
(b) Physics

Question 3.
Bose was interested in the plant life since …..
(a) his college
(b) his childhood.
(c) his boyhood
(d) his graduation.
Answer:
(c) his boyhood

Question 4.
According to Bose, plants could feel
(a) tiredness
(b) depression
(c) happiness
(d) all the above.
Answer:
(d) all the above.

Plants also Breathe and Feel Summary in English

Plants also Breathe and Feel Introduction:

Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose was a well-known Indian scientist. He studied animal and plant life. He proved that plants could feel and hear like human beings. To prove this, he designed and built a machine called ‘crescograph’. Scientists at the Paris Science Congress of 1900 were amazed to see this wonderful machine. Jagdish Chandra Bose made a name for himself and his country in the scientific world.

Plants also Breathe and Feel Summary in English:

Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose was a well-known Indian scientist. He was born in 1858 in a village in Bengal. He studied Physics at Calcutta (Kolkata) University. Then he went to England for further studies. He graduated from Cambridge and returned to India. He was appointed Professor of Physics in Presidency College, Calcutta (Kolkata).

In those days of British rule, an Indian usually received two-thirds of the salary paid to a European Professor. Jagdish Chandra Bose was given only half of a European Professor’s salary as his appointment was a temporary one. Sir J.C. Bose was a man of principles. He could not bear this injustice. He refused to touch any part of his salary for three years. In the three-year struggle between Bose and the government, Bose was victorious.

J. C. Bose now began his experiments. His work made him famous all over the world. He had been interested in animal and plant life since boyhood. He noticed that his wireless receiver showed signs of ‘tiredness’ after it had been in use for some time. But it regained its power after “rest”.

Jagdish Chandra Bose realised that there was a similarity in the behaviour of living and non-living things. He said that plants and animals had a life of their own and could become ‘tired’, ‘depressed or ‘happy’. People laughed at him. They did not take him seriously.

In order to prove that he was right, Jagdish Chandra Bose built a machine called ‘crescograph’. This machine proved that plants had hearts and were capable of feeling. It also indicated that plants had a keen sight. They reacted to rays of light and wireless waves. When J. C. Bose displayed this machine at the Paris Science Congress of 1900, the scientists were greatly amazed. Thus, through his invention, Bose made a name for himself and his country in the scientific world.

Plants also Breathe and Feel Summary in Hindi

Plants also Breathe and Feel Introduction:

सर जगदीश चन्द्र बोस एक प्रसिद्ध भारतीय वैज्ञानिक था। उसने पशु तथा वनस्पति जीवन का अध्ययन किया। उसने सिद्ध किया कि मनुष्यों की भान्ति पौधे भी अनुभव कर सकते हैं तथा सुन सकते हैं। इसे सिद्ध करने के लिए उसने ‘ऊस्कोग्राफ’ नामक मशीन का निर्माण किया। वर्ष 1900 के पैरिस विज्ञान सम्मेलन में शामिल हुए वैज्ञानिक इस शानदार मशीन को देखकर चकित रह गए। जगदीश चन्द्र बोस ने अपने आविष्कार के द्वारा विज्ञान जगत में अपना तथा अपने देश का नाम उज्जवल किया।

Plants also Breathe and Feel Summary in Hindi:

पाठ का विस्तृत सार सर जगदीश चन्द्र बोस एक महान् और प्रसिद्ध भारतीय वैज्ञानिक था। उसका जन्म 1858 ई० में बंगाल के एक गांव में हुआ था। उसने कलकत्ता (कोलकाता) विश्वविद्यालय में भौतिकी का अध्ययन किया। फिर वह उच्च शिक्षा के लिए इंग्लैण्ड चला गया। उसने कैम्ब्रिज से स्नातक की डिग्री प्राप्त की और भारत लौट आया। उसे कलकत्ता (कोलकाता) के प्रेसिडेन्सी कॉलेज में भौतिकी का प्राध्यापक नियुक्त किया गया। अंग्रेजी शासन के उन दिनों में एक भारतीय व्यक्ति को एक यूरोपियन प्राध्यापक के वेतन की अपेक्षा दोतिहाई वेतन मिलता था। जगदीश चन्द्र बोस को एक यूरोपियन प्राध्यापक के वेतन की अपेक्षा केवल आधा वेतन दिया गया था क्योंकि उसकी नियुक्ति अस्थायी तौर पर थी। सर जगदीश चन्द्र बोस एक सिद्धान्तवादी व्यक्ति था। वह इस अन्याय को सहन नहीं कर सकता था। उसने तीन वर्ष तक अपने वेतन को छुआ तक नहीं। आखिर सरकार तथा बोस के मध्य इस तीन-वर्षीय संघर्ष में बोस की विजय हुई।

जे० सी० बोस ने अब वह कार्य करना प्रारम्भ किया जिसके कारण उसकी ख्याति सारे विश्व में फैल गई। अपने लड़कपन से ही उसे पशुओं और पौधों के जीवन में रुचि थी। उसने देखा कि उसका वायरलेस रिसीवर कुछ समय चलने के पश्चात् ‘थकावट’ के लक्षण दर्शाता था, लेकिन थोड़े ‘विश्राम’ के बाद वह पुनः अपनी शक्ति प्राप्त कर लेता था। इससे बोस के विचारों को प्रेरणा मिली जिससे अनेक आविष्कारों का जन्म हुआ।

जगदीश चन्द्र बोस ने अनुभव किया कि निर्जीव तथा सजीव चीज़ों के व्यवहार में समानता होती है। उसने कहा कि पौधों और पशुओं का अपना जीवन होता है तथा वे ‘थक’ सकते हैं, ‘निराश’ हो सकते हैं या ‘प्रसन्न’ हो सकते हैं। लोगों ने बोस की इन बातों का मजाक उड़ाया और उसे गम्भीरता से न लिया।

स्वयं को सही सिद्ध करने के लिए जगदीश चन्द्र बोस ने ‘क्रेस्कोग्राफ’ नामक एक मशीन बनाई। इस मशीन ने सिद्ध कर दिया कि पौधों का हृदय होता है और वे अनुभव कर सकते हैं। इसने यह भी दिखलाया कि पौधों की दृष्टि और उनकी चेतना-शक्ति बहुत तेज़ होती है और वे प्रकाश की किरणों और वायरलैस तरंगों के प्रति सचेत होते हैं। जब जे० सी० बोस ने इस मशीन का प्रदर्शन 1900 में पैरिस के विज्ञान सम्मेलन में किया, तो वैज्ञानिक आश्चर्यचकित रह गए। इस तरह अपने आविष्कार के द्वारा बोस ने वैज्ञानिक संसार में अपना और अपने देश का नाम उज्जवल किया।

जगदीश चन्द्र बोस को भारतीयों की बुद्धिमता पर गहरा विश्वास था। उसका दृढ़ विश्वास था कि भारतीय लोग अपने पूर्वजों की भान्ति महान् आविष्कार कर सकते हैं। उसका यह विश्वास भी था कि एक अकेले व्यक्ति के लिए कोई प्रसन्नता नहीं हो सकती जब तक वह प्रसन्नता सब के लिए न हो।

Plants also Breathe and Feel Translation in Hindi

(Page 8) All of us know …………… the scientific world.

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. event-घटना ; 2. surprised-चकित कर दिया ; 3. scientificवैज्ञानिक ; 4. unique-अनोखा ; 5. instrument-उपकरण ; 6. measure-नापना ; 7. sight-दृष्टि ; 8. sense-चेतना-शक्ति ; 9. stranger-अजनबी ; 10. inventor-आविष्कारक ; 11. literature-साहित्य ; 12. philosophy-दर्शन-शास्त्र ; 13. science-विज्ञान ; 14. progressed—प्रगति की ; 15. inventionआविष्कार।

Text

[All of us know that plants have life, but how many of us know that they have hearts, can fell and see ? This extract tells us something about the scientist who made this dramatic discovery.] It was an event that surprised the scientific world. It was an undreamt of thing. Here was a man who had built a unique instrument an instrument that could measure the growth of plants. Here was a man who had proved with this wonderful machine that plants have hearts and can feel. The machine showed that plants have sight and a sense which tells them that a stranger is approaching.

“Your instrument is a wonderful thing,”said the great men who had come to the Paris Congress of Science, 1900. They were amazed as the inventor showed them how to use the machine. “What do you call this instrument ?“ they asked. “A crescograph,” replied Jagdish Chancira Bose, the great scientist, who had built this wonderful machine.

अनुवाद

[हम सभी जानते हैं कि पौधों में जीवन होता है, परन्तु हम में से कितने लोग जानते हैं कि पौधों में दिल भी होता है, वे भी महसूस कर सकते हैं और देख सकते हैं ? यह अंश हमें उस वैज्ञानिक के बारे में कुछ बताता है जिसने यह नाटकीय खोज की।] यह एक ऐसी घटना थी जिसने वैज्ञानिक जगत को आश्चर्यचकित कर दिया। यह एक ऐसी बात थी जिसे स्वप्न में भी सोचा नहीं जा सकता था। यहां एक ऐसा व्यक्ति था जिसने एक अद्वितीय उपकरण का निर्माण किया एक ऐसा उपकरण जो पौधों की वृद्धि को माप सकता था। यहाँ एक ऐसा व्यक्ति था जिसने अपनी अद्भुत मशीन के द्वारा यह सिद्ध कर दिया कि पौधों के भी दिल होते हैं और वे अनुभव कर सकते हैं।

इस मशीन ने यह दिखा दिया कि पौधों की दृष्टि होती है और उनके पास ऐसी चेतना-शक्ति होती है जो उन्हें बता देती है कि कोई अजनबी नज़दीक आ रहा है।”आपका उपकरण एक शानदार चीज़ है,” उन महान् पुरुषों ने कहा जो 1900 के विज्ञान-सम्बन्धी पैरिस सम्मेलन में शामिल हुए थे। उन्हें आश्चर्य हुआ जब आविष्कारक ने उन्हें बताया कि मशीन को कैसे प्रयोग किया जाता है। “आप इस उपकरण को क्या कहते हैं ?” उन्होंने पूछा। “एक क्रेस्कोग्राफ,” जगदीश चन्द्र बोस ने उत्तर दिया, वह महान् वैज्ञानिक जिसने इस शानदार मशीन का निर्माण किया था। “और इसका निर्माण कहां हुआ था ? ने पूछा।

उत्तर प्राप्त हुआ-“भारत में।” इस उत्तर ने और ज्यादा हैरानी पैदा कर दी। कला, साहित्य तथा दर्शन के क्षेत्र में अपनी महानता के लिए प्रसिद्ध था। परन्तु विज्ञान के क्षेत्र में इसने कोई विशेष प्रगति नहीं की थी। सर जगदीश चन्द्र बोस ने अपने आविष्कार से वैज्ञानिक जगत में अपना और अपने ेश का नाम ऊंचा किया।

(Page 9) Bose was born …….. of science

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. appointed—नियुक्त किया ; 2. struggle-संघर्ष ; 3. governmentसरकार ; 4. victorious—विजयी ; 5. usually-साधारणतया ; 6. received—प्राप्त किया ; 7. salaryवेतन ; 8. race—जाति ; 9. discoveries-आविष्कार, खोजें ; 10. faithful-वफ़ादार ; 11. followersशिष्य ; 12. rebel-विद्रोही, बाग़ी ; 13. refused—इन्कार किया ; 14. self-respect—आत्म-सम्मान ;19. interested-रुचि होना ; 20. tiredness-थकान ; 21. purpose-उद्देश्य ; 22. branch-शाखा ; 23. separately-अलग से ; 24. detail-विस्तार।

Text

Bose was born in 1858 in a village in Bengal. After studying physics at Calcutta University, he went to England for further studies. He graduated from Cambridge, then returned to India and was appointed Professor of Physics at Presidency College in Calcutta.

A three-year struggle began between Bose and the government, in which he was victorious. An Indian, in those days of British rule, usually received two-thirds of the salary paid to a European professor. Bose’s appointment was a temporary one, so he was given only half therate for a European. Bose was not the man to take this quietly.

He felt that people who did the same amount and same kind of work should be paid the same salary whatever race or nation they belonged to. It is worth remembering that discoveries do not come from the faithful followers and the yes-men of science; they come from the doubters and the rebels. Bose was, by nature, a rebel.

He refused to touch any part of his salary for three years. It was a question of his self-respect and he was not ready to give up his principles. In the end, victory was his. Bose now began the work which has made him famous all over the world. He had, from boyhood, been interested in animal and plant life, and now his work in physics led him back to his old love. He had noticed that his wireless receiver showed signs of ‘tiredness’ after it had been in use for some time, but, in some strange way, got back its power after being ‘rested’. Here was food for thought, the kind of thought from which great discoveries come.

Until the end of the Middle Ages, the world was looked on as one beautiful unit, created by God. Man believed that everything in the world, from man to rocks and stones, had its place and purpose. The discoveries of Galileo and Newton changed the world picture. Man began to study each branch of science separately with greater detail and there developed several different kinds of sciences. Bose, however, recognised a unity among all these different branches of science.

अनुवाद

बोस का जन्म 1858 में बंगाल के एक गांव में हुआ। कलकत्ता (कोलकाता) विश्वविद्यालय में भौतिकी के अध्ययन के पश्चात् वह आगे की पढ़ाई के लिए इंग्लैण्ड चला गया। उसने कैम्ब्रिज से स्नातक की परीक्षा पास की, फिर भारत लौट आया और कलकत्ता (कोलकाता) के प्रेसिडेन्सी कॉलेज में भौतिकी का प्राध्यापक नियुक्त हो गया। सरकार तथा बोस के मध्य एक तीन-वर्षीय संघर्ष शुरू हो गया जिसमें वह विजयी हुआ। अंग्रेज़ी शासन के उन दिनों में एक भारतीय को यूरोपियन प्राध्यापक के वेतन का दो-तिहाई प्राप्त होता था। बोस की नियुक्ति अस्थायी थी, इसलिए उसे यूरोपियन दर का केवल आधा दिया गया। बोस इसे चुपचाप सहन करने वाला व्यक्ति नहीं था। उसने महसूस किया कि जो लोग एक समान मात्रा में काम करते हैं और एक ही प्रकार का काम करते हैं, उन्हें बराबर वेतन मिलना चाहिए, भले ही वे किसी जाति या राष्ट्र से सम्बन्धित हों। यह बात याद रखने योग्य है कि आविष्कार वफ़ादार अनुयायियों तथा चापलूसवैज्ञानिकों द्वारा नहीं किए जाते; वे शंकालु एवं विद्रोही f वैज्ञानिकों द्वारा ही किए जाते हैं। बोस स्वभाव से ही विद्रोही था।

उसने तीन वर्ष तक अपने वेतन के किसी भी अंश को छूने से इन्कार कर दिया। यह उसके आत्म-सम्मान का प्रश्न था और वह अपने सिद्धान्तों को छोड़ने के लिए तैयार नहीं था। अन्त में विजय उसी की हुई। बोस ने अब वह काम आरम्भ किया जिसने उसे विश्व भर में प्रसिद्ध कर दिया है। वह लड़कपन से ही जीवों और पौधों के जीवन में रुचि रखता था और अब भौतिक शास्त्र में होने वाले उसके काम ने उसकी पुरानी रुचि को फिर से जगा दिया। उसने देखा कि उसके वायरलैस रिसीवर को ‘थकावट’ महसूस होने लगती थी जब इसे कुछ समय तक चलाए रखा जाता था, किन्तु विचित्र ढंग से यह ‘आराम’ करने के बाद अपनी पहले वाली शक्ति को फिर से प्राप्त कर लेता था। यहां सोचने की एक खुराक थी – ऐसी खुराक जिससे महान्

आविष्कार प्राप्त होते हैं। मध्यकाल के अन्त तक संसार को एक सुन्दर इकाई के रूप में देखा जाता था जिसकी रचना ईश्वर ने की। मनुष्य का विश्वास था कि विश्व की प्रत्येक वस्तु, इन्सान से लेकर चट्टानों और पत्थरों तक, अपना निजी स्थान और उद्देश्य रखती है। गैलिलियो तथा न्यूटन के आविष्कारों ने विश्व की तस्वीर को बदल दिया। मनुष्य ने विज्ञान की प्रत्येक शाखा का अलग-अलग तौर पर विस्तृत अध्ययन करना शुरू कर दिया और इस तरह कई प्रकार के विज्ञानों का विकास हुआ। किन्तु बोस ने विज्ञान की न सभी विभिन्न शाखाओं के बीच एकता को पहचाना।

(Page 10) He realized that …….. faith in the future.

कठिन शब्दार्थ-
1. realized-अहसास हुआ ; 2. similarity-समानता ; 3. behaviourव्यवहार ; 4. lifeless-निर्जीव ; 5. suggested—सुझाव दिया ; 6. kingdom-राज्य ; 7. depressed-उदास ; 8. happy-प्रसन्न ; 9. seriously-गम्भीरता से ; 10. proved—सिद्ध किया ; 11. built-बनाया, निर्माण किया; 12. maximum-अधिकतम ; 13. exactness-सटीकता ; 14. amazing-आश्चर्यजनक ; 15. instrument-उपकरण ; 16. manures-खादें ; 17. indicate-संकेत करना ; 18. keen—तीक्ष्ण, पैनी ; 19. approach-निकट पहुँचना ; 20. scientist-वैज्ञानिक ; 21. complete-पूर्ण, पूरा ; 22. mentionज़िक्र, चर्चा ; 23. concern-चिन्ता ; 24. faith—विश्वास ; 25. intelligence-बुद्धिमत्ता ; 26. countrymenदेशवासी ; 27. ancestors-पूर्वज ; 28. address-सम्बोधन, भाषण ; 29. convocation-दीक्षांत समारोह ; 30. glory-गौरव ; 31. idleness-निकम्मापन।

Text

He realized that there was a similarity in the behaviour of lifeless and living things. It was, however, not easy to convince others. People hold on to their old beliefs and do not like to change them. Bose suggested that the animal, vegetable and mineral kingdoms were one and had a great deal in common. He said that plants and metals had a life of their own and could become tired’, depressed’ or happy’. People laughed at him. They did not take him seriously.

Bose knew he was right and he proved it. To begin with, he designed and built a machine which recorded his findings- with maximum exactness. This was the ‘crescograph’, the amazing instrument which records the growth of plants. It magnifies the movement of plant tissues ten thousand times and can record the reaction of plants to manures, noise and other stimuli. The crescograph proved that Bose had not been wrong. It showed that plants have hearts and are capable of feeling. The crescograph indicated that plants have a keen sight and react to rays of light and wireless waves. The machine proved that plants have a special sense which tells them of the approach of a stranger.

The story of this great scientist will not be complete without some mention of his concern for India and her people. He had a deep faith in the intelligence of his countrymen. Bose was certain that they were as capable of doing great things today as their ancestors had done in the past. In an address at a convocation of the University of Mysore in November 1927, Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose spoke about India’s glory in the past and declared that it was action and not idleness that was responsible for that glory. He believed that there could be, no happiness for a single person unless it had been won for all. And this great scientist wanted his countrymen to have undying hope and faith in the future.

अनुवाद

उसे एहसास हुआ कि सजीव तथा निर्जीव वस्तुओं के व्यवहार में एक समानता होती है। फिर भी, दूसरों को सहमत करवाना आसान नहीं था। लोग अपने पुराने विश्वासों से चिपके रहते हैं और उन्हें बदलना नहीं चाहते हैं। बोस ने सुझाव दिया कि प्राणी, वनस्पति और खनिज जगत सब एक हैं और उनमें बहुत कुछ सांझा है। उसने कहा कि पौधों और धातुओं का अपना एक अलग जीवन होता है तथा वे ‘थकावट’, ‘उदासी’, या ‘प्रसन्नता’ महसूस कर सकते हैं। लोग उस पर हंस देते। उन्होंने उसकी बातों को गम्भीरता से नहीं लिया।

बोस जानता था कि वह सही है और उसने यह सिद्ध कर दिया। शुरू में उसने ऐसी मशीन का निर्माण किया जो उसकी खोजों को अधिकतम सटीकता से रिकार्ड कर सकती थी। यह ‘क्रेस्कोग्राफ’ था, एक आश्चर्यजनक उपकरण, जो पौधों की वृद्धि को रिकार्ड करता है। वह ौधों के तन्तुओं की गति को दस हज़ार गुणा बढ़ा कर बतलाता है तथा खादों, शोर और दूसरे उत्प्रेरक पदार्थों के प्रति पौधों की प्रतिक्रिया को रिकार्ड कर सकता है। क्रेस्कोग्राफ ने सिद्ध कर दिया कि बोस गलत नहीं था। इसने दिखा दिया कि पौधों का हृदय होता है और वे अनुभव करने की क्षमता रखते हैं। क्रेस्कोग्राफ ने दिखलाया कि पौधों की दृष्टि तेज़ होती है और वे प्रकाश की किरणों और बेतार तंरगों के प्रति प्रतिक्रिया करते हैं।

इस मशीन ने सिद्ध कर दिया कि पौधों में एक विशेष चेतना शक्ति होती है जो उन्हें निकट आते हुए किसी अजनबी के बारे में बता देती है। इस महान् वैज्ञानिक की कहानी उसकी भारत के प्रति और भारत के लोगों के प्रति चिन्ता की चर्चा किए बिना अधूरी रहेगी। उसे अपने देशवासियों की बुद्धिमत्ता पर पूरा विश्वास था। बोस को विश्वास था कि वे महान् कार्य करने में आज उतने ही समर्थ हैं जितने पुरातन काल में उनके पूर्वज हुआ करते थे। नवम्बर, 1927 में मैसूर विश्वविद्यालय के दीक्षान्त समारोह को सम्बोधित करते हुए जगदीश चन्द्र बोस ने भारत की प्राचीन ख्याति का वर्णन किया और घोषणा की कि उस ख्याति का

ज़िम्मेदार कर्म था न कि आलस्य। उसका विश्वास था कि जब तक प्रसन्नता सबके लिए जीती नहीं जाती, एक अकेला व्यक्ति प्रसन्न नहीं रह सकता था। और यह महान् वैज्ञानिक चाहता था कि उसके देशवासियों में भविष्य के लिए अनन्त आशा और विश्वास भरा रहे।

English Main Course Book Class 9 Solutions PSEB Prose

• Grooming of a Boy Question Answer
• Plants also Breathe and Feel Question Answer
• Budgeting Your Time Question Answer
• Journey by Night Question Answer
• The Discovery of Moon Question Answer
• Three Great Indians Question Answer
• The Death of Abhimanyu Question Answer

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class English Book Solutions English Main Course Book Chapter 5 The Discovery of Moon Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 9th English Main Course Book Chapter 5 The Discovery of Moon Question Answers

The Discovery of Moon Class 9 Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions in your own words:

Question 1.
Name the two astronauts who landed on the moon.
(उन दो अंतरिक्ष यात्रियों के नाम बताओ जो चांद पर उतरे थे।)
Answer:
Armstrong and Edwin.
(आर्मस्ट्रांग तथा एडविन।)

Question 2.
What was the name of their spacecraft?
(उनके अन्तरिक्षयान का क्या नाम था?)
Answer:
Apollo-11. (अपोलो-11)

Question 3.
Which two countries had worked out programmes for the exploration of the moon ?
(चांद की खोज के लिए किन-किन देशों ने योजनाएँ तैयार की थी ?)
Answer:
The USA and the USSR.
(संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका और सोवियत संघ ने।)

Question 4.
How did the Soviet Union feel about carrying on this exploration ?
(सोवियत संघ इस अभियान को जारी रखने के सम्बन्ध में क्या महसूस करता था ?)
Answer:
The Soviet Union did not feel it necessary to land man on the moon. It believed that scientific instruments were enough to carry on the exploration.
सोवियत संघ मनुष्य को चांद पर भेजना ज़रूरी नहीं मानता था। इसका विश्वास था कि खोज को जारी रखने के लिए वैज्ञानिक यन्त्र पर्याप्त थे।

Question 5.
Why have the scientists declared moon unfit for human habitation ?
(वैज्ञानिकों ने ऐसी घोषणा क्यों कर दी है कि चांद मानव के निवास के लिए उपयुक्त नहीं है ?)
Answer:
There is no air or water on the moon. There is no atmosphere. Cosmic dust keeps falling on it all the time. That is why scientists think it unfit for man’s living.

चांद पर कोई हवा या पानी नहीं है। वहां कोई वातावरण नहीं है। वहां पर हर समय अन्तरिक्षी धूल गिरती रहती है। इसी कारण वैज्ञानिक लोग समझते हैं कि यह मनुष्य के रहने के लिए उपयुक्त नहीं

Question 6.
According to the scientists, how can moon be made habitable for men ?
(वैज्ञानिकों के अनुसार चांद को मनुष्यों के लिए रहने योग्य कैसे बनाया जा सकता है?)
Answer:
The moon has some elements that contain oxygen. Scientists think that this oxygen should be separated from the elements. Then the moon can be made fit for man’s living.

चांद पर कुछ ऐसे तत्त्व हैं जिनमें ऑक्सीजन है। वैज्ञानिक समझते हैं कि इस ऑक्सीजन को तत्त्वों से अलग कर दिया जाना चाहिए। फिर चांद को मनुष्य के रहने के लिए उपयुक्त बनाया जा सकता है।

Question 7.
Name the metals found on the moon.
(चांद पर मिलने वाली धातुओं के नाम लिखिए।)
Answer:
Aluminium, titanium and iron.
ऐल्युमिनियम, टायटेनियम तथा लोहा।

Question 8.
Have the traditional beliefs about moon proved true ?
(क्या चांद के बारे में पारम्परिक विचार सच्चे साबित हुए हैं?).
Answer:
The traditional beliefs have proved to be untrue. The information gathered about the moon has proved them wrong.
पारम्परिक विचार ग़लत साबित हुए हैं। चांद के बारे में इकट्ठी की गई जानकारी ने उन्हें ग़लत साबित कर दिया है।

Textual Vocabulary & Grammar

Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B.

1. Astronaut-a person who travels and works in spacecraft.
2. Spacecraft-a vehicle that travels in space.
3. Misconception—a belief not based on correct information.
4. Shatter—to destroy completely.
5. Desolate—a place that is empty or without people.
6. Traditional-older methods and ideas.
7. Element-chemical substance made of atoms.
8. Tempted—to get attracted.
9. Resources-something that can be used to help in achieving an aim.

Fill in the blanks with words given in the box.

planet; satellite; orbit; man-made; constant; face; rotate; phenomenon; heavenly

Answer:
The word ‘satellite’ comes from the Latin word ‘satellitis’ meaning attendant. The moon is Earth’s satellite. It is our planet’s constant companion in space. The moon takes exactly the same time to rotate round its axis once as the earth takes to rotate on its axis once. That is why we see the same face of the moon on earth. Scientists took an idea from this phenomenon and developed artificial satellites. Satellites are heavenly bodies that revolve round a planet. They are also called the moons of the planet. Artificial satellites are man-made objects which are put into orbit with the help of rockets.

Rewrite the following paragraph in the past tense.

There is a function at our school. The whole school is decorated with balloons, strips of coloured paper, flowers and blinking lights. All the students are excited. They do their best. The performers wait for their turn at the backstage.
Answer:
There was a function at our school. The whole school was decorated with balloons, strips of coloured paper, flowers and blinking lights. All the students were excited. They did their best. The performers waited for their turn at the backstage.

Fill in the blanks with the correct tense form of the verbs given in brackets :

1. Two U.S. astronauts …………. (land) on the moon on July 20, 1969.
2. The astronauts ………….. (bring) back samples of lunar rocks to earth.
3. These samples ………… (analyse) by the scientists. (passive)
4. The astronauts ………… (find) no evidence of life on the moon.
5. Some useful metals like aluminium and iron ………….. (find) on the moon. (passive)
Answer:
1. landed
2. brought
3. were analysed
4. found
5. were found.

Pronunciation Practice

Say the following words aloud. Take care that you pronounce the cluster of consonants correctly.

Creative Writing and Extended Reading

1. Read the chapter on Solar System in your General Science book. Write a brief note on it.
2. What do you know about India’s progress in the field of space travel ? Name the satellites put into the orbit by India.
3. Read the story of Kalpana Chawla, the space heroine who lost her life during a space exploration mission in the USA. Write 10-12 lines on her achievements.

Use Of Textual Words / Phrases

1. Astronaut – An astronaut has to go through tough training.
2. Avenues – Several avenues are open to us.
3. Exploration – We need to carry out a full exploration of all the alternatives.
4. Expedition – The Indian expedition to Mount Everest is leaving next month.
5. Misconception – Let me first deal with some common misconceptions.
6. Heavenly – The heavenly bodies are worshipped in certain countries.
7. Appropriate – Your dress is not appropriate for this function.
8. Robot – In some factories robots are used to assemble machinery.
9. Endangered – The giant panda is an endangered species.
10. Decade – I have been in this job for the last two decades.
11. Shattered – The vase hit the floor and shattered.
12. Desolate – He felt desolate when his only brother died in an accident.
13. Inhabitable – These islands are not inhabitable.

Objective Type Questions

Answer the following in one word / phrase / sentence :

Question 1.
Who wrote the chapter, ‘The Discovery of Moon’ ?
Answer:
The author is anonymous.

Question 2.
What does this chapter tell us ?
Answer:
It tells us about the various attempts that have been made to reach the moon and gain knowledge about it.

Question 3.
Name the first two men who landed on the moon ?
Answer:
Armstrong and Edwin.

Question 4.
What did Armstrong and Edwin do on the moon ?
Answer:
They collected samples of the lunar soil.

Question 5.
Which countries had made programmes for the exploration of the moon ?
Answer:
The USA and the USSR.

Question 6.
Who was sitting in Eagle–2 waiting for the return of Armstrong and Edwin ?
Answer:
It was Michael Collins.

Question 7.
How, according to some scientists, can moon be made suitable for man’s living?
Answer:
By separating oxygen from the elements which contain oxygen.

Question 8.
Which is the only natural satellite of the earth ?
Answer:
Moon.

Question 9.
What is the age of the moon ?
Answer:
About 4600 million years.

Question 10.
What keeps falling on the moon all the time ?
Answer:
Solar dust.

Complete the following :

1. Two ……………… astronauts landed on the moon on July 20, 1969.
2. The ……………….. sent its astronauts and the ………………… sent its spaceships for the exploration of the moon.
3. The ……………… felt it unnecessary to land a man on the moon.
4. There is no ………………. on the moon.
5. The information gathered about the moon has proved the traditional beliefs
6. In the glare of the sun, lunar rocks reach a temperature of ………….
Answer:
1. American
2. USA, USSR
3. Soviet Union
4. air or water
5. wrong
6. 110 °C.

Write True or False against each statement :

1. The atmosphere at the moon is fit for man’s living.
2. The Soviet scientists sent a spacecraft called Apollo–11.
3. Moon is not a self-luminous body.
4. A robot was found to be as good as a man to carry out experiments on moon’s surface.
5. Mars is the Earth’s only natural satellite.
6. Poets and lovers compare the faces of their beloveds to the moon.
Answer:
1. False
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. False
6. True.

Choose the correct option for each of the following:

Question 1.
As Apoll-11 remained on the surface of the moon, ………………. revolved round the moon.
(a) Lunar Orbit
(b) Pioneer-1
(c) Luna-16
(d) Eagle-2.
Answer:
(d) Eagle-2.

Question 2.
The moon is ………… by the sun only.
(a) revolved
(b) lighted
(c) rotated
(d) glared.
Answer:
(b) lighted

Question 3.
The surface of the moon is pitted with craters caused by …
(a) planets
(b) satellites
(c) meteorites
(d) orbits.
Answer:
(c) meteorites

Question 4.
The metals found on the moon are
(a) aluminium
(b) iron
(c) titanium
(d) all of these three.
Answer:
(d) all of these three.

The Discovery of Moon Summary in English

The Discovery of Moon Introduction:

This chapter tells about the various attempts that have been made to reach the moon and gain knowledge about it. The USA and the USSR were the two countries that made these attempts. The first men to land on the moon were two Americans Armstrong and Edwin. They landed there on July 20, 1969. The Russians didn’t send any man. They sent a robot in September 1970. A lot of information has been gathered about the moon. This information has shattered many traditional beliefs about the moon. It is now known that the moon is a dead world. It has no air, water or atmosphere. Yet poets and lovers continue to compare the faces of their beloveds with the beauty of the moon.

The Discovery of Moon Summary in English:

Two American astronauts, Armstrong and Edwin, landed on the moon on July 20, 1969. They were the first men to set foot on the moon. They collected samples of the lunar soil. Then they came back with their spacecraft Apollo-11. They left on the moon some machines and instruments. These machines and instruments kept sending their observations about the moon. This great event opened new avenues in the field of space exploration.

After the successful expedition of Apollo-11, a number of other space flights were made to the moon. Thus very useful and wonderful information about the moon was collected. This new information removed all kinds of wrong beliefs about the moon. The USA and the USSR were two countries that made programmes for the exploration of the moon. The USA sent its astronauts. The USSR sent its spaceships. The Soviet Union thought it more appropriate to carry on exploration with the help of scientific instruments only. In September 1970, the Soviet scientists sent a spacecraft called Luna-16. It carried a robot that was placed on the surface of the moon. It was found that a robot was as good as a man to carry out experiments on the moon’s surface.

Moreover, it was less expensive. Above all, human life was not endangered. Researches on the moon have shown that the moon is an absolutely desolate place. There is no atmosphere. There is no air or water. So it is not fit for man’s living. Of course, it has some useful metals like aluminium, titanium and iron. But men has not been tempted to use them so far. Some scientists feel that moon can be made suitable for man’s living by separating oxygen from the elements which contain oxygen.

Space flights have been made to other planets also. But moon is the only heavenly body where man has landed. Since the moon has been found to be a dead world, no programmes have been made for its further exploration. Today we know all the important facts about the moon. It is the only natural satellite of the earth. It is about one-fourth of the earth in its diameter. Its distance from the earth is 384,405 km. It orbits the earth once a month. It always keeps the same face turned towards the earth. The moon is the same age as the earth about 4600 million years. It is not a self-luminous body. It is lighted by the sun only. In the glare of the sun, it becomes as hot as 110°C. In the shadows it is as cold as -100°C.

Thus there are no attractive facts about the moon. It is a dead, dry and desolate world. Yet poets and lovers continue to compare the faces of their beloveds with the beauty of the moon.

The Discovery of Moon Summary in Hindi

The Discovery of Moon Introduction:

यह लेख उन विभिन्न यत्नों के बारे में बताता है जो चांद पर पहुंचने के लिए और इसके सम्बन्ध में ज्ञान प्राप्त करने के लिए किए गए हैं। अमरीका तथा रूस दो देश थे जिन्होंने ये यत्न किए। चांद पर पांव रखने वाले पहले दो आदमी थे-अमरीका के आर्मस्ट्रांग और एडविन। वे वहां 20 जुलाई 1969 को पहुंचे। रूसियों ने कोई आदमी न भेजा। उन्होंने सितम्बर 1970 में एक रोबोट भेजा। चांद के बारे में बहुत जानकारी प्राप्त कर ली गई है। इस जानकारी ने चांद के बारे में अनेकों पारम्परिक धारणाओं को छिन्न-भिन्न कर दिया है। अब पता चल गया है कि चांद एक मृत संसार है। वहां कोई पानी, हवा या वातावरण नहीं है। फिर भी कवि और प्रेमी लोग अपनी प्रेमिकाओं के चेहरों की तुलना चांद की सुन्दरता से करते रहते हैं।

The Discovery of Moon Summary in Hindi:

दो अमरीकी अन्तरिक्ष यात्री 20 जुलाई 1969 को चांद पर उतरे। चांद पर पांव रखने वाले वे पहले व्यक्ति थे। उन्होंने चांद की मिट्टी के नमूने एकत्रित किए। फिर वे अपने अन्तरिक्षयान अपोलो-11 के साथ वापस आ गए। वे चांद के ऊपर कुछ मशीनें और यन्त्र छोड़ आए। ये यन्त्र और मशीनें चांद के बारे में अपने अवलोकन भेजते रहे।

इस महान घटना ने अन्तरिक्ष खोज के क्षेत्र में नए मार्ग खोल दिए। अपोलो-11 के सफल अभियान के बाद अनेकों अन्य अन्तरिक्ष उड़ानें चांद तक की गईं। इस प्रकार चांद के बारे में बहुत लाभदायक और अद्भुत जानकारी इकट्ठी कर ली गई। इस नई जानकारी ने चांद के बारे में सभी ग़लत धारणाएं समाप्त कर दी। अमरीका और रूस दो देश थे जिन्होंने चांद की खोज-सम्बन्धी कार्यक्रम बनाए।

अमरीका ने अपने अन्तरिक्ष यात्री भेजे। रूस ने अपने अन्तरिक्षयान भेजे। सोवियत संघ ने इस बात को अधिक उपयुक्त माना कि खोज का काम वैज्ञानिक यन्त्र के द्वारा जारी रखा जाए। सितम्बर 1970 में सोवियत वैज्ञानिकों ने लूना-16 नामक एक अन्तरिक्षयान भेजा। इसमें एक रोबेट था जिसे चांद के तल पर छोड़ दिया गया। ऐसा देखा गया कि चांद के तल पर प्रयोग करने के लिए एक रोबोट उतना ही ठीक था जितना कि कोई आदमी। इसके अतिरिक्त इसका खर्च कम पड़ता था। सब से बड़ी बात, मानव जीवन ख़तरे में नहीं पड़ता था।

चांद के ऊपर होने वाली खोजों ने यह बता दिया है कि चांद एक बिल्कुल वीरान जगह है। वहां कोई वातावरण नहीं है। वहां कोई पानी या हवा नहीं है। इसलिए यह मनुष्य के रहने के लिए उपयुक्त नहीं है। निस्सन्देह इस पर ऐल्युमिनियम, टायटेनियम और लोहे जैसी कुछ लाभदायक धातुएं हैं। किन्तु अभी तक मनुष्य उन्हें इस्तेमाल करने को आकर्षित नहीं हुआ है।

कुछ वैज्ञानिक ऐसा महसूस करते हैं कि चांद को आदमी के रहने के लिए उपयुक्त बनाया जा सकता है, यदि ऑक्सीजन को वहां पाए जाने वाले ऐसे तत्त्वों से अलग कर दिया जाए जिनमें ऑक्सीजन विद्यमान है। अन्य ग्रहों को भी अन्तरिक्ष उड़ानें की गई हैं। किन्तु केवल चांद ही ऐसा आकाशीय पिण्ड है जहां आदमी उतरा है। क्योंकि चांद एक मृत संसार पाया गया है, इसकी और अधिक खोज करने के लिए कोई आगे की योजनाएं नहीं बनाई गई हैं।

आज हम चांद के विषय में सभी महत्त्वपूर्ण तथ्यों को जानते हैं। यह धरती का एकमात्र प्राकृतिक उपग्रह है। अपने व्यास में यह धरती का लगभग एक-चौथाई है। इसकी धरती से दूरी 384,405 किलोमीटर है। यह महीने में एक बार धरती का चक्कर काटता है। यह सदा अपना वही पक्ष धरती की तरफ़ झुकाए रखता है। चांद की आयु उतनी ही है जितनी कि धरती की-लगभग 4,600 मिलीयन वर्ष।

यह आत्म-दीप्त पिण्ड नहीं है। इसे केवल सूर्य का प्रकाश ही मिलता है। सूर्य की तेज़ चमक में यह 110°C तक गर्म हो जाता है। छाया वाली जगहों में यह –100°C तक ठण्डा हो जाता है। इस प्रकार चांद के सम्बन्ध में कोई आकर्षक विशेषताएँ नहीं है। यह एक मृत, सूखा और वीरान संसार है। फिर भी कवि और प्रेमी लोग अपनी प्रेमिकाओं के चेहरों की तुलना चांद की सुन्दरता के साथ करते हैं।

The Discovery of Moon Translation in Hindi

(Page 115-116) On July 20, 1969 ……… his two companions.

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. astronauts – अन्तरिक्ष यात्री ; 2. emerging – बाहर निकलते हुए ; 3. spacecraft – अन्तरिक्षयान ; 4. avenues – मार्ग 5. exploration. – खोज ; 6. lunar – चांद सम्बन्धी ; 7. observations – अवलोकन ; 8. observatories – वेधशालाएँ।

Text

On July 20, 1969, two American astronauts, Armstrong and Edwin, emerging from the spacecraft Apollo-11, became the first men to set foot on the moon. This great event opened new avenues in the field of space and moon exploration. After collecting samples of the lunar soil, these two astronauts returned to their spacecraft Apollo-11. However, they left such 11 instruments and machines on the moon which continued to send their observations about the moon to the observatories on the earth. Apollo 11 was locked with another space craft Eagle. As Apollo-ll remained on the surface of the moon, Eagle-2 revolved round the moon. Aboard the Eagle-2 was a third astronaut Michael Collins, who waited for the return of his two companions.

अनुवाद

20 जुलाई 1969 को दो अमरीकी अन्तरिक्षयात्री, आर्मस्ट्रांग और एडविन, अपोलो-11 नामक अन्तरिक्षयान में से बाहर निकलने पर ऐसे पहले व्यक्ति बन गए जिन्होंने चांद पर पांव रखा। इस महत्त्वपूर्ण घटना ने अन्तरिक्ष और चांद सम्बन्धी खोज के क्षेत्र में नए मार्ग खोल दिए। चांद की मिट्टी के नमूने एकत्रित करने के बाद, ये दोनों अन्तरिक्ष यात्री अपने अन्तरिक्षयान अपोलो को लौट आए। किन्तु वे चांद पर ऐसे यन्त्र और मशीनें छोड़ आए जो चांद के बारे में अपने अवलोकन धरती पर की वेधशालाओं को भेजते रहे। अपोलो-11 ईगल-2 नाम के एक अन्य अन्तरिक्षयान से जुड़ा हुआ था। जिस दौरान अपोलो-11 चांद की धरती पर रहा, ईगल-2 चांद के चक्कर काटता रहा। ईगल-2 में एक तीसरा अन्तरिक्ष यात्री माइकल कॉलिन्ज सवार था, जो अपने दो साथियों के लौटने की प्रतीक्षा करता रहा।

(Page 116)

After this successful ………… which contain oxygen.

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. expedition – अभियान ; 2. series – श्रृंखला ; 3. manned – मानव-संचालित ; 4. misconceptions – ग़लत धारणाएं ; 5. glimpse – नज़ारा ; 6. spaceship — अन्तरिक्षयान ; 7. planets – ग्रह ; 8. robot – यन्त्रमानव ; 9. decades – दशक ; 10. shattered – छिन्न-भिन्न कर दिए ; 11. absolutely – पूरी तरह से ; 12. desolate – निर्जन ; 13. inhabitation – निवास ; 14. tempted – आकर्षित ; 15. exploit – लाभ उठाना, काम में लाना ; 16. elements – तत्त्व।

Text

After this successful expedition, a series of Apollo spacecraft for making more manned space flights to moon was started. These flights made available extremely useful and wonderful information about the moon. This new information removed all kinds of mis-conceptions about the moon from the minds of the people the world over.

The discovery of moon formed an important part of the space programme. Besides earth, it was the only heavenly mass where man landed and had a glimpse of it. Spacecraft have been landed on other planets too, but man has yet to set his foot on any of these heavenly bodies. The USSR and the USA had worked out programmes for the exploration of moon. The USSR sent there its spaceships, whereas the USA sent its astronauts. The exploration of planets is still going on but there is no more any programme for further exploration of moon.

The Soviet Union did not feel it necessary to land man on the moon. It thought it more appropriate to send spaceships and to carry on exploration with the help of scientific instruments only. The Soviet scientists sent a spacecraft called Luna-16 on the moon in September, 1970. It carried a robot that was placed on the surface of the moon. A robot was found to be as good as a man to carry out experiments on moon’s surface. Moreover, it was also less expensive and above all, human life was not endangered.

Researches on moon for over three decades have shattered many traditional beliefs about it. The moon is an absolutely desolate place where there is no water and air. The Soviet scientists have declared it unfit for human inhabitation. Of course some useful metals like aluminium, titanium and iron have been found on moon but man has not been tempted to exploit these metal resources of moon. However, some scientists still feel that moon can be made inhabitable for men by separating oxygen from elements which contain oxygen.

अनुवाद

इस सफल अभियान के बाद मानव-चालित अन्तरिक्ष उड़ानें करने के लिए अपोलो अन्तरिक्षयानों की एक श्रृंखला शुरू कर दी गई। इन उड़ानों ने चांद के बारे में अत्यन्त लाभदायक तथा अद्भुत जानकारी उपलब्ध करा दी। इस नई जानकारी ने पूरे संसार भर में लोगों के मनों से चांद के बारे में सभी तरह की ग़लत धारणाओं को दूर कर दिया।

चांद-सम्बन्धी खोज अन्तरिक्ष कार्यक्रम का एक महत्त्वपूर्ण हिस्सा थी। धरती के अतिरिक्त केवल यही एक आकाशीय पुंज था जहां मानव ने पांव रखा. हो और इसका नज़ारा लिया हो। अन्य ग्रहों पर भी अन्तरिक्षयान उतारे गए हैं।किन्तु इन आकाशीय पुंजों में से किसी के भी ऊपर मनुष्य ने अभी अपना कदम रखना है। सोवियत संघ तथा संयुक्त राज्य अमरीका ने चांद सम्बन्धी खोज करने के लिए योजनाएँ बनाई थीं।

सोवियत संघ ने अपने अन्तरक्षि यान भेजे, जबकि संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका ने अपने अन्तरिक्ष यात्री भेजे। ग्रहों की खोज अब भी जारी है किन्तु चांद सम्बन्धी और अधिक खोज करने के लिए अब और कोई कार्यक्रम नहीं है।

सोवियत संघ ने मनुष्य को चांद पर भेजना ज़रूरी न समझा। इसने इस बात को अधिक उपयुक्त माना कि अन्तरिक्षयान भेजे जाएँ तथा केवल वैज्ञानिक यन्त्रों की सहायता से ही खोज का काम चलाया जाए। सोवियत वैज्ञानिकों ने लूना-16 नामक एक अन्तरिक्षयान सितम्बर 1970 को चांद पर भेजा। इसमें एक रोबोट था जिसे चांद के तल पर रख दिया गया।

चांद के तल पर प्रयोग करने के लिए एक रोबोट को उतना ही ठीक पाया गया जितना कि एक आदमी को। इसके अतिरिक्त यह कम खर्चीला भी था, और सब से बड़ी बात यह है कि मानव जीवन को ख़तरे में न डाला गया।तीन दशक से अधिक समय की खोजों ने इसके सम्बन्ध में अनेकों पारम्परिक विश्वासों को छिन्न-भिन्न कर दिया है। चांद एक पूरी तरह से बंजर जगह है जहां कोई पानी तथा हवा नहीं है। सोवियत वैज्ञानिकों ने इसे मानव के निवास के लिए अनुपयुक्त घोषित कर दिया है।

निस्सन्देह ऐल्युमिनियम, टायटेनियम, और लोहेजैसी कुछ लाभदायक धातुएं चांद पर पाई गई हैं किन्तु चांद के इन साधनों को इस्तेमाल में लाने के लिए मनुष्य लालायित नहीं हुआ है। तो भी कुछ वैज्ञानिक अब भी ऐसा महसूस करते हैं कि चांद को मनुष्यों के लिए रहने योग्य बनाया जा सकता है, ऐसे तत्त्वों से ऑक्सीजन को अलग करके जिनमें ऑक्सीजन विद्यमान है।

(Page 117) Today we know ………………….. this lovely satellite.

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. satellite – उपग्रह ; 2. parent – मूल ; 3. orbits – के गिर्द घूमता है ; 4. pitted – गड्ढे बने होना ; 5. meteorites – उल्का -पिण्ड ; 6. self-luminous – आत्म-दीप्त ; 7. phases – कलाएँ ; 8. delay – देरी ; 9. cosmic – अन्तरिक्ष ; 10. glare – तेज़ चमक ; 11. dull – नीरस।

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Today we know all the important facts about the moon. It ¡s the Earth’s only natural satellite. Compared to satellites of other planets, it is very large in relation to its parent planet. It is a quarter of the earth’s diameter measuring 3476 km. Its distance from the earth is 384,405 km. It orbits the earth once a month, keeping the same face turned towards earth as it does so. Its surface is pitted with craters caused by meteorites.

The moon is the same age as the earth, about 4,600 million years. The moon is not a self-luminous body. The earth and the moon travel around a common centre of gravity in space. As the moon orbits the earth, different amounts of its sunlit surface are visible from the earth. This produces the cycle known as Phases of the moon. We can see the full-moon and no-moon once in a month, and for rest of the days it appears in its phases. The average daily delay in moon-rise and moon-set is about 50 minutes. The moon is lacking water and it

has no atmosphere. A very light ‘rain’ of cosmic dust continually falls here. In the glare of the sun, lunar rocks reach a temperature of 110°C more than the boiling point of water. But in shadows the temperature goes down to less than —100°C. In spite of the knowledge of these ‘dull’ facts about the moon, poets and lovers continue to sing of the beauties of this heavenly body and compare the faces of their beloveds to this lovely satellite.

अनुवाद

आज हम चांद के बारे में सभी महत्त्वपूर्ण बातों को जानते हैं। यह धरती का एक-मात्र प्राकृतिक उपग्रह है। अन्य ग्रहों के उपग्रहों की तुलना में, यह अपने मुख्य ग्रह के हिसाब से बहुत बड़ा है। यह धरती के व्यास का एक चौथाई है जो 3476 किलोमीटर है। इसकी 3476 km. धरती से दूरी 384,405 किलोमीटर है। यह महीने में एक बार धरती का चक्कर काटता है, तथा ऐसा करते समय यह धरती की तरफ़ अपना वही तल घुमाए रखता है। इसका तल बड़े-बड़े गड्ढों से भरा हुआ है जो उल्का-पिण्डों के द्वारा बने हैं।

चांद की आयु धरती की आयु जितनी ही है, लगभग 460 करोड़ वर्ष चांद एक आत्म-दीप्त पुंज नहीं है। धरती तथा चांद अन्तरिक्ष में एक सांझे गुरुत्व आकर्षण केन्द्र के गिर्द घूमते हैं। जब चांद धरती का चक्कर लगाता है, तो सूर्य के प्रकाश से रोशन हुए इसके तल की विभिन्न मात्राएं धरतीपर से दिखाई देती हैं। इससे एक चक्र पैदा हो जाता है जिसे चांद की कलाएँ कहा जाता है।

हम पूर्ण चांद तथा शून्य (अमावस का) चांद महीने में एक बार देख सकते हैं, तथा अन्य दिनों में यह अपने विभिन्न आकारों में दिखाई देता है। चांद के उदय और अस्त होने में 50 minutes. प्रतिदिन की औसतन देरी लगभग 50 मिनट की होती है। चांद पर कोई पानी नहीं है तथा वहां कोई वातावरण नहीं है। यहां अन्तरिक्षी धूल की बहुत हल्की वर्षा निरन्तर होती रहती है। सूर्य की तेज़ चमक में चांद पर की चट्टानें 110°C के तापमान पर पहुंच जाती हैं, जो पानी के उबाल बिन्दु से ज्यादा है।

किन्तु छाया वाली जगहों में तापमान -100°C से कम हो जाता है। चांद के सम्बन्ध में इन रुचिहीन तथ्यों की जानकारी के बावजूद कवि और प्रेमी इस आकाशीय पुंज की सुन्दरता के बारे में गाते रहते हैं तथा अपनी प्रेमिकाओं के चेहरों की तुलना इस सुन्दर उपग्रह से करते रहते हैं।

English Main Course Book Class 9 Solutions PSEB Prose

• Grooming of a Boy Question Answer
• Plants also Breathe and Feel Question Answer
• Budgeting Your Time Question Answer
• Journey by Night Question Answer
• The Discovery of Moon Question Answer
• Three Great Indians Question Answer
• The Death of Abhimanyu Question Answer