PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Gattka Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

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Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Gattka Game Rules.

Gattka Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 1.
Write down about the plateform, dress and duration of GATTKA.
Answer:

  • Plateform: Gattka ring is round in size of 7 1/2 m radius.
  • Dress: Competitors may wear Jercy or shirt but must have Patka on his head.
  • Size of Gattka: It is made of Baint, (some sort of Bamboo) and three feet in length from its handle.
  • Duration of Bout: One round of five minutes.

Gattka Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 2.
Discuss the Draw, Bye and Walkover in Gattka.
Answer:
Draw, Bye and Walkover:
1. A draw shall be made for all players after taking the name of the players A,B,C,D,E.

2. Player bearing A will,play against the name of A in a bout.

3. In those competitions in which there are more than four competitors a different number shall be drawn in the first series to reduce the number of competitors in the second series.

4. The player who gets a bye in the first series shall be the first to fight Bout in the second series. If there is an odd number of Byes, the player with the last bye shall compete in the second series against the winners of the first bout in the first series.

5. No player can receive a bye in the first series and a walkover in the second or two consecutive walk overs. In case such a position arises a fresh draw shall be made of the competitors still in the competition to provide opponents to those competitors who have already received bye walk over in the preceeding series.
Gattka Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education 1

Question 3.
Draw the table of Drawing bout and Byes of Twenty Teams
Gattka Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education 2
Answer:
TABLE: Drawing Bouts and Byes No of Entries Bouts Byes-

No of Enteries Bouts Byes
5 1 3
6 2 2
7 3 1
8 4 –
9 1 7
10 2 6
11 3 5
12 4 4
13 5 3
14 6 2
15 7 1
16 8 –
17 2 15
18 2 14
19 3 13
20 4 12

Gattka Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 4.
Write about the competition of Gattka.
Answer:
Competitions of Gattka-

1. Limitations of Competitors:
Only five competitors are allowed to participate in a competition

2. First Draw:
If two members of the same team are being drawn together in a series and if one of them wishes to withdraw in favour of the other, a fresh draw will be made

3. Withdrawal:
If a competitor wants to withdraw from the competition after the draw has been made the official-in-charge will report to the organiser.

4. Retirement:
If any competitor wants to retire from the competition due to any reason, he will have to-inform the official-in-charge.

5. Byes:
Byes that arrive after the first series shall be spared for specified time with an opponent approved by the official-in-charge.

Question 5.
Who control the bout of Gattka?
Answer:
Bout Control:

1. All competitions and contests shall be controlled by a referee, three Judges, a time keeper. The referee shall sit in the ring when the number of Judges is less than three. The referee shall complete the scoring paper. The exhibition bouts shall be controlled by referee.

2. The time keeper shall be seated on one side of the plateform while the Judges on the remaining three sides. The seats shall be replaced as to offer a satisfactory view of bouts.

Gattka Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 6.
How the points are awarded in Gattka?
Answer:
Awarding of Points:

  • In all competitions the Judges shall award points.
  • The points shall be recorded on the scoring paper at the end of each bout and totalled. Fractions cannot be taken into account.
  • Each Judge must declare a winner and sign his scoring paper as well as signed on all the scoring slips.

SCORING:
1. The competitor who strikes his opponent the greater number of touch with Gattka he will get the same number of points his touching on the head is awarded two points.

2. If the points to each competitors at the end of the bout is equal, the Judge will award the decision in favour of the competitor who has touched the opponent’s head more time of in the opinion of Judge both the competitors are equal in other aspects also, he will favour the competitor who has shown the better defence.

Stopping the bout:

  • When a referee is of the opinion that a competitor, due to some injury cannot continue the bout, he stops the bout in such cases, the rival player is declared the winner.
  • The referee has the right to stop the bout.
  • In all bouts, any competitor who fails to start the bout where there is time loss loses the bout.

Suspected foul: If the referee suspects that foul which he has not seen clearly soon he can consult the Judges and give the decision accordingly.

Question 7.
Write the fouls of Gattka.
Answer:
Fouls:

  • Hitting with elbow
  • Hitting deliberately on the back of the neck or head.
  • Striking a competitor when he is down.
  • Holding the competitors.
  • Lying on with head or body.
  • Roughing
  • Shouldering
  • Wrestling
  • Double blows to the ear
  • Intentionally falling down without any reason.

Important Information about the Gattka Game

  • Shape of Gattka platform = Round
  • Circumference of platform = 30”, 20 c.m.
  • Length of Gattka Stick = 3’.3”, 100 c.m.
  • Weight of Gattka Stick = 500
  • Gattka made of =Bant
  • Thickness of Gattka = 1/2 to 3/4, 2 c.m. to 3 c.m.
  • Duration of Bout = 3 minutes 1 1/2,1 1/2 min (two half)
  • Dress of players = Jersey or Shirt, Patka on head
  • Officials of bout = Referee Council & Two Technical Officials, One Judge, One Scorer,One Time Keeper.
  • There are seven players in Gattka team in which five participate and two are substitutes.
  • Gattka ring in round in size of 7 1/2 m of radius.
  • The length of the Gattka is three feet from and three meter its handle which is made of Baint
  • The duration of Gattka Bout is three minutes.
  • There are three Judges and one Referee to conduct the bout.

Punjab Style Kabaddi Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

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Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Punjab Style Kabaddi Game Rules.

Punjab Style Kabaddi Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 1.
Discuss about the circle style Kabaddi, Ground, Duration of the game, Dress of the Players, The official of the Kabaddi game.
Answer:
Playground:
The Punjab Style Kabaddi is also known as Circle Kabaddi. Its playground is circular, and the radius of the circle is 75 feet. The radius can be from 65′ (50 m) to 15′(10 m.) The centre line divides it into two equal parts. There is a gate of 20 feet in the middle of the centre-line. On both the ends of the gate two soil mounds are built. They are called palas.

The diameter of each pala is 6 inches. The palas are 1 foot high from the ground where they are placed. On both the ends of the centre line, the D-area is marked by a 20 feet long line. It is 15 feet from palas towards the sides. Through a quarter circle it touches the centre-line, and the palas are in the middle of it.

KABADDI:
PUNJAB STYLE OR CIRCLE KABADDI-
Punjab Style Kabaddi Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education 1

Duration of Play:
The game is played in two durations of 20 minutes each, and there is an interval of 5 minutes for rest in between the two durations.

Teams:
The game is played between two teams. Each team has ten players and two substitutes. When a player becomes incapable of play he is replaced by a substitute. Each team should have 8 players till the end of the game. If the number of players is less than ten, the opposing team is also allowed to have the same number of players (which is less than ten).

Dress of the Players:
Players shall wear loin-clothes. They can play on bare foot or by wearing tennis shoes with thin soles. The player cannot play by wearing a ring or other such things.

Officials:
There are following officials to conduct this game-

  • One Referee
  • One Umpire
  • Two Scorers
  • One Time Keeper.

Punjab Style Kabaddi Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 2.
Discuss the rules of Punjab Style Kabaddi.
Answer:
General Rules:

  • The raiders on their turns shall go to the court of the opponents sounding the cant of ‘Kabaddi’. They shall continue sounding the cant within one and the same breath till they return.
  • The raider shall touch at least the boundary line of the opponent’s court. If he even does not do so, the umpire can ask him for the second raid. If he fails to touch the boundary line even then, the opposing team is awarded one point.
  • No player can have two successive raids. Each player has to raid at least once in each half of the circle.
  • When a player is returning after having touched his anti, he cannot be pursued until he has crossed the essential line of his side
  • If a raider touches any of his opponents and returns to his court, his side gets 1 point.
  • If a player of the defending team causes an obstruction, the raiding team is at once awarded one point.
  • During the time of touching and holding between a raider and the player of the opposing team, all the rest of the players are considered temporarily out until a point is scored.
  • If a raider goes out of the boundary line, the anti-team shall get 1 point. If both the players cross the boundary line, neither side is awarded a point. The point is considered to be common in such a case.
  • A hold or an attack which may put a player’s life in danger is forbidden.
  • Applying oil on the body or increasing nails of hands and feet are forbidden.
  • Coaching of any type from the outside is forbidden.
  • If a raider touches his opponent or the opponent touches the raider, then both pursue each other till the sounding of the cant. No other player can hold the raider.
  • No one can hold a player by hair.
  • The opponent cannot prevent a raider from sounding the cant by shutting his mouth.
  • Improper or indecent words cannot be used during the play.
  • No player can go out for drinking water until the game ends.
  • The players can use soil on their hands.
  • The umpire can ask each of those players who have not taken their turns to sound the cant and raid.
  • The leg-scissors cannot be used on a raider without first being held.
  • No player can slap any other person.

Punjab Style Kabaddi Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Important Information about the Punjab Style Kabaddi Game

  • Shape of Kabaddi Playground = Circular
  • Radius of Circle = 65’to 75′(50 to 70 m)
  • Distance of Gate in Centre Line = 20′(6.10 m)
  • Marking of Gate = Two soil mounds are built
  • The diameter of each pole = 6″ ( 15 cm)
  • Duration of play = 20-20 Minutes
  • Time of Interval = 5 Minutes
  • Playing Members of a team = 14 Players,6 Substitutes
  • Officials of the match = Two Umpires, One-Referee, one scorer, one time keeper.
  • The game is played between two teams. Each team consists of 14 players and 6 substitutes.
  • In case a player is injured during the play, he is replaced by a substitute.
  • A player can participate in this game on bare foot.
  • No player can wear an iron bangle (‘Karra’), ring etc. during the play.
  • No player can have two successive raids.
  • A hold or attack which may endanger the life of a player is forbidden. Coaching to the players from outside the playfield is forbidden.
  • The opposing player cannot prevent a player from sounding the cant of ‘Kabaddi-Kabaddi’ by shutting his mouth.
  • No player can take part in the game after having applied oil on his body.
  • If a raider loses the cant on the way, the referee asks for the cant again.

Badminton Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

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Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Badminton Game Rules.

Badminton Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 1.
What do you know about the Badminton Court, Poles, Net, and Shuttle Cock?
Answer:
Badminton Court. Badminton is of two types – Singles and Doubles. The measurement of the court for both these games shall be well marked by white or red lines 1″ × 2″ (5 cm) wide as shown in the diagram.

For the Doubles, the size of the court shall be 44′ × 20′ and for the Singles, 44′ × 17′.

The back gallery and side gallery shall be of 2\(\frac{1}{2}\)‘ and 1\(\frac{1}{2}\)‘ respectively. On both sides of the net there is a short service line of 6\(\frac{1}{2}\)“. A line shall be drawn parallel to the sideline in order to divide the court into two equal parts. The left half of the court shall be called left service, court and the right half shall be called right service court. Two posts are planted in the court. These posts are 5′ – 1” in height from the floor.

Badminton image 1

Poles:
Two poles shall be planted to keep the net strained. These poles shall be 5′ – 1″ high from the floor. They are so firmly implanted as to keep the net strained.

Net:
The net shall be made of fine coloured cord. Its mesh shall be 3.3″ Its breadth should be 2′ – 6″ (0.76 metre). The top of the net should be 5″ from the ground and 5′ – 1″ high from the poles. It shall be firmly tied to the poles on both the sides. Its length should be such that it should extend in both sides of the boundary lines. There should be a double white tape of 3″ on the edges. A cord or’cable runs through the tape which is used to keep the net strained.

Shuttle Cock:
The weight of the shuttle cock should be from 73 to 85 grams. It should have from 14 to 16 feathers fixed tightly in a cork of 1 to 1\(\frac{1}{2}\)” inches. The length of the feathers should be from 2\(\frac{1}{2}\)” to 2\(\frac{3}{4}\)” and its spread from 2\(\frac{1}{3}\)” to 2\(\frac{1}{2}\)“.

The radius of the cork is form 1” to 1\(\frac{1}{2}\)“. The feathers should be firmly tied with a strong thread or some other useful material team which first reaches 14. points is entitled to set the games to 3 points. When the score is 14 all, the side that first reaches 14 is entitled to set the game to 3 points.

When the game is set the score is 0-0 (Love-all). On the game being set, the team that first score 17 points shall be the winner. When the score has reached 14-all the claim to set the game must be made in every case before the next service is delivered. In the game of 11 points the game should be set at 14.

The ladies single game has 11 points. The player who first scores 10 points shall have the option to set the game to 12. In case the score is 10-all, the player who first reaches 10 has the option of setting the game to 12.

Changing Sides:
The two teams shall play three games according to pre-agreement. The team which wins two out of 3 games shall be declared the winner. The players shall change ends at the end of the first game and before the start of the second game, and in case the third game is to be played, the ends shall be changed. In the third game the players shall change ends.

Badminton Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Doubles and Singles Games in Badminton.

(i) Doubles:
In this game, there are two players on each side. After having been decided which side is to deliver the service first, the player in the right hand service court of that side shall start the game. He shall serve to the opposing player in the right hand service court. This matter is decided by the toss winners, and the other matters by the losing one. It is decided before hand whether the game shall have 15. If the opponent returns the shuttle before it touches the ground to the player who started the game, he shall again return it to the latter.

In this way, the play shall continue until the foul is made or the shuttle falls down on the ground. In case the service is not returned or the foul is made by the opposing side, the player doing the service shall score one point. The members of the team delivering the service shall change their service court. Now the player doing the service shall be in the left hand service court and shall serve to the player of the opposing team in the left hand service court.

In the beginning of each game, each team shall deliver the service from the right hand service court.

(ii) Singles:

All the above-mentioned rules shall be applicable to Singles games but

(i) the player serves from, and receives service in his respective right hand service court. When the player who serves is at 0 or there is an even number of points in the game, the service is always delivered from the right hand service court. In case of odd numbers, the service is delivered from the left hand service court.

(ii) Both the players change service courts after each has scored 1 point.

(iii) The ladies Single game consists of 11 points. When the score is 10-all, the player who first reaches 10 can set the game to 2 points. In case of the score is 10-all, the game is set to 2 points.

Badminton Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Faults:
In case a fault is committed by a player of the playing side, the player who delivers the service shall be “out”. If the fault is committed by an opponent, the playing side gets one point. It shall be considered a fault:

(a) When the struck or served shuttle is higher than the server’s waist or it is struck by the shaft of the racket higher than the server’s hand holding the racket.
(b) When in serving, the shuttle falls into the wrong service court or falls short of the short service line or beyond the long service line or outside the side boundary fine.
(c) When serving, the player’s feet are not in the service court.
(d) When before or during service any player intentionally obstructs his opponents.
(e) When in service, the shuttle falls outside the boundary of the court, passes through under the net, fails to pass the net, or touches the person or dress of a player.
(f) If the shuttle is struck before it crosses the striker’s side of the net.
(g) When the shuttle is in play, a player touches the net or it supports with his body, racket or dress.
(h) When the shuttle is held on the racket, a player strikes it twice in succession or it is struck twice in succession by the player first and then by his partner.
(i) The opponent shall be reckoned as ready if in play he returns the shuttle or tries to hit it, whether he is in or outside the boundary.
(j) When a player obstructs an opponent.

Badminton image 2

Rules about Service

(i) Only that player shall receive the service who is served to. If the shuttle touches the other player or is hit by him, the one who delivers service gets 1 point. No player can receive two consecutive services in the same game.

(ii) In the first inning, only one player who starts a game shall serve. In the subsequent innings each player can deliver the service. The winning team shall always serve first. Any player of the winning side can serve and any player of the losing side can receive the service.

(iii) If a player serves from the wrong service court or serves out of turn and scores the point it shall be called ‘Let’. But this ‘Let’ should be claimed before the next service is delivered.

Badminton Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 2.
Discuss the main rules of the game of Badminton?
Answer:
General Rules of Badminton

(i) Only that player can receive the service who is served to. No player can receive two consecutive services in the same game.

(ii) The service cannot be delivered until the opposing player is ready.

(iii) In the first innings the player who delivers the service shall serve only once. In the subsequent innings the players of the same team (partners) shall serve one by one.

(iv) Both, the server and the player served to, shall stand within the limits of their own courts. Some parts of both the feet of the players shall remain in contact with the ground until the service is delivered.

(v) If the service delivered is correct but the shuttle touches the net, the player shall be out. But in such a case, it shall not be deemed a fault. If the shuttle falls somehow inside the boundary of the opponent’s court by passing through the poles, it shall be considered a good service. If there is a sudden or indefinite obstruction in the game, the referee can say ‘Let’.

(vi) If a player serves from the wrong service court out of turn and wins a point, the service shall be called ‘Let’. But the condition is that it should be claimed by the other side before the next service is delivered, and it is granted.

(vii) If a player serves from outside his service court and wins the point, the service shall be called ‘Let’ provided the ‘Let’ is claimed before the next service is delivered.

(viii) If in service the shuttle falls beside the net, the service shall be called ‘short’, and the opposing team is awarded service or point.

FOULS PLAY:
Referee or umpire will control the match of tournament by using the yellow and red cards.

YELLOW CARD:
Warning to a player or coach for their misconduct or unsportsman behaviour.

RED CARD:
Suspension for the match or for the tournament.

Badminton Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Important Information About the Badminton Game

  • The size of the court for double = 44′ × 20′, 13.40 × 6.10 m
  • The size of the court for single = 44′ × 17′, 13.40 × 5.80 m
  • Breadth of the net = 2′ × 06′, 760 m.m.
  • Height of the poles from net = 5′,1″, 1.55 meter
  • The number of feathers of a shuttle = 16
  • Length of feather = 2\(\frac{1}{2}\)” to 2\(\frac{3}{4}\)“, 62 mm – 70 mm
  • Points in double game = 21 points
  • Points for women in a single game = 21 points
  • Size of the side gallery = 1.64, 45 c.m.
  • Size of the back gallery = 2′,6″, 75 c.m.
  • Weight of the Racket + its length = 85 to 140 gm, Length 27″, 686 m.m.
  • Officials = One refree, one umpire, one service umpire, four line men.
  • The game of badminton is of two types-Singles and Doubles. In the singles, there are two players, one on each side, and a substitute. In the doubles, there are four players, two on each side, and two substitutes.
  • For singles, a court is of the dimensions of 44′ × 17′ and for doubles, a court of 44′ × 20′.
  • The one who wins the toss decides whether to serve or choose the end first.
  • In the doubles, the game shall have 15 points.
  • In the singles for girls there are 11 points.
  • Service cannot be delivered until the opponent is fully ready.
  • In the singles the players shall change ends when 1 point is scored.
  • There is no time duration in badminton; rather best of three games are played in it. The team which will win two out of three games is declared the winner.
  • The whistle is not used in the game.
  • Normally, this game is played in an indoor stadium.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. – 400 B.C.

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Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions History Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. – 400 B.C. Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. – 400 B.C.

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB India: From 600 B.C. – 400 B.C. Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions :

Question 1.
What do you understand by Mahajanapada?
Answer:
By about 600 B.C., a part of the Ganga plain had been cleared of forests and people had settled down in different tracts. These territories were called Janapadas and named after the ruling clan in each area. The more powerful Janapadas among these were known as Mahajanapadas.

Question 2.
Write about any four important Mahajanapadas.
Answer:
Magadha, Kosala, Vatsa and Avanti were four important Mahajanapadas.

  • Magadha: Magadha was the most powerful Mahajanapada. It included Gaya and Patna areas of Bihar. Its capital city was Rajagriha.
  • Kosala: Kosala was another powerful Mahajanapada and its capital city was Ayodhya or Sketa.
  • Vatsa: The capital city of Vatsa was Kausambi.
  • Avanti: The capital city of Avanti Mahajanapada was Ujjain.

Question 3.
Write about the rise of Magadha under the Haryanjca dynasty.
Answer:
In the beginning, Magadha has comprised only the areas of Patna and Gaya in Bihar, but later on it saw a great rise under the rule of the Haryanka kings, namely Bimbisara and Ajatasatru.
1. Bimbisara: Bimbisara became the king of Magadha in about 543 B.C. He made his kingdom more powerful in many ways. He occupied the Ganga. He conquered the Artga State in the southeast and occupied the major port of the Gmga, namely Champa. His capital city was Rajagriha near Nalanda.

2. Ajatasatru: Ajatasatru was a son of Bimbisara. He murdered his father in 492 B,C. and became the ruler of Magadha. He invaded his neighbouring states and expanded his kingdom. He defeated Kashi, Kosala and Vaisali and made Magadha the most powerful kingdom of North India. He made Patliputra(Patna) his new capital.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 4.
What do you know about caste system during this period?
Answer:
In India of 600 B.C. to 400 B.C., the caste system and four stages of life were two most important features of society.
1. Caste System: The caste system was rigid. Society was mainly divided into four castes. These castes were Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and the lower castes. Brahmanas were given great respect in society, whereas low castes’ condition was very bad and they were ill-treated. The caste system was based on birth.

Besides the above four castes, there were several sub-castes based on professions. These sub-castes included carpenters, ironsmiths, goldsmiths, chariot-makers, potters and oil-pressers, etc.

Question 5.
Write a note about the punch-marked coins.
Answer:
In India of 600 B.C. to 400 B.C., copper and silver coins were used for transactions: These coins were mostly irregular pieces of metal in shape but of fixed weight. They were punched with various symbols. Such coins were known as the punch-marked coins.

Question 6.
What do you know about Jainism?
Answer:
Jainism came into existence in 600 B.C. There were twenty-four teachers of this religion, who were known as Tirthankaras. Adriana (Rishabhdeva) was the first and Vardhamana Mahavira was the 24th Tirthankara.
PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India From 600 BC 400 BC 1
Vardhamana Mahavira

Teachings: Teachings of Jainism are as follows :

  • Ahimsa: Ahimsa is the main teaching of Jainism. Man should not hurt anybody. There is soul in even the smallest particle. So every effort should be made not to kill it.
  • Truth: Man should speak the truth. Truth purifies the soul. We should not speak ill of anybody.
  • Non-Stealing: Stealing is a sin. To take a thing or wealth without permission is stealing. It hurts others.
  • Non-Possession: We should not accumulate property. It causes attachment in life and ties man in worldly affairs.
  • Chastity: Man should follow chastity.
  • Hard Penance: Moksha can be achieved by hard penance, that frees the man from the cycle of birth and death.
  • Three Jewels: Three Jewels (Tri-ratna) is a way of achieving Moksha. These three jewels are Right Faith, Right Knowledge and Right Conduct.

Sects of Jainism: Shwetambara and Digambara are the two sects of Jainism.

  • Shwetambara: The followers of the 23rd Tirthankara Parshvanatha are called Shwetambaras. Shwetambaras wear white clothes.
  • Digambara: The followers of the 24th and last Tirthankara of Jainism are known as Digambaras. These saints wear no clothes.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 7.
Which are the main teachings of Buddhism?
Answer:
The main teachings of Buddhism are as follows :
1. Four Noble Truths. The Four Noble Truths of Buddhism are :
PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India From 600 BC 400 BC 2

  • The world is full of sorrow.
  • The cause of sorrow is desire.
  • We can conquer sorrow by conquering desire.
  • Desire can be conquered by following the Eight Fold Path.

2. The Eightfold Path, Mahatma Buddha has suggested the Eightfold Path for freeing oneself from sorrow and achieving Nirvana. The eight principles of the Eightfold Path are

  • Right Belief,
  • Right Thought,
  • Right Speech,
  • Right Action,
  • Right Means of Livelihood,
  • Right Effort,
  • Right Recollection,
  • Right Meditation.

3. The Middle Path: Mahatma Buddha also taught the Middle Path. It means that one should not torture oneself by severe austerities, nor should one indulge in luxuries of life.

4. Moral Teachings: Moral teachings of Buddhism included non-violence, speaking the truth, non-use of intoxicants, not to accept or keep money, not to eat at odd hours, not coveting others’ property, etc.

II. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
Bimbisara ruled from __________ to B.C.
Answer:
543, 492.

Question 2.
Ministers were known as __________
Answer:
Amatyas

Question 3.
Agriculture and cattle rearing were the ____________ occupations.
Answer:
peasants

Question 4.
There have been _____________ Tirthankaras in Jainism.
Answer:
24

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 5.
Gautama Buddha’s real name was __________
Answer:
Siddhartha

Question 6.
Lord Mahavir Ji spent Grihastha life till __________ years.
Answer:
30.

III. Match the columns :

Question 1.

A B
(1) Magadha (a) Republic
(2) Ajatasatru (b) Mahajanapada
(3) Vajji (c) Guild
(4) Shreni (d)King
(5) Parsvanatha (e) Ashtangika Marg
(6) Buddha (f) Tirthankara

Answer:
Correct columns :

A B
(1) Magadha (b) Mahajanapada
(2) Ajatasatru (d)King
(3) Vajji (a) Republic
(4) Shreni (c) Guild
(5) Parsvanatha (f) Tirthankara
(6) Buddha (e) Ashtangika Marg

IV. Write ‘true’ or ‘false’ in a statement :

Question 1.
Sixteen Mahajanapadas are mentioned in Buddhist literature.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Bimbisara ruled from 543 to 492 AD.
Answer:
False

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 3.
The ministers were known as Chera.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Normal agriculture tax was IA of produce
Answer:
False

Question 5.
Sarthavaha was the leader of merchants.
Answer:
False

Question 6.
Gautama Buddha was son of Siddhartha.
Answer:
False

Question 7.
Jains believe that they had 24 Tirthankars.
Answer:
True

Question 8.
Gautama Budhha was not the son of Siddhartha.
Answer:
True.

V. Activities (Something To Do):

Question 1.
Locate the rivers Ganga, Yamuna and Indus on the map of India.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 2.
Find books on the lives of the Buddha and Mahavira in your school library and read them. Note down the anecdotes in their lives which interest you.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide India: From 600 B.C. – 400 B.C. Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Thirst or desire to get something is known as
(A) Tanha
(B) Prakrit
(C) Atman
(D) Vihara.
Answer:
(A) Tanha.

Question 2.
__________ are the Hindu religious books which literally means “approaching and sitting near.”
(A) Veda
(B) Upanishad
(C) Manu Smriti
(D) Epics.
Answer:
(B) Upanishad.

Question 3.
Followers of Vardhaman Mahavira are known as
(A) Jaina
(B) Buddha
(C) Mahavira
(D) Bhikkshu.
Answer:
(A) Jaina.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 4.
Followers of who beg food for themselves were known as Bhikkshu.
(A) Buddha
(B) Vishnu
(C) Mahavira
(D) Shiva.
Answer:
(A) Buddha.

Question 5.
__________ is a stage of life.
(A) Jati
(B) Varna
(C) Ashrama
(D) Purushartha.
Answer:
(C) Ashrama.

Question 6.
__________ was the founder of Buddhism.
(A) Mahavira
(B) Gautama Buddha
(C) Guru Nanak Dev
(D) Kabir.
Answer:
(B) Gautama Buddha.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 7.
Where did the Buddha die?
(A) Pataliputra
(B) Kaushambhi
(C) Magadha
(D) Kusinara.
Answer:
(D) Kusinara.

Question 8.
In __________ language the Buddha taught to the ordinary people?
(A) Hindi
(B) Gurmukhi
(C) Prakrit
(D) Devnagari.
Answer:
(C) Prakrit.

Question 9.
__________ language was used to compose the Vedas.
(A) Vedic Sanskrit
(B) Hindi
(C) Prakrit
(D) Devnagari.
Answer:
(A) Vedic Sanskrit.

Question 10.
Which of these, was a famous woman upanishadic thinker?
(A) Sita
(B) Gargi
(C) Draupadi
(D) Kunti.
Answer:
(B) Gargi.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name two famous republics.
Answer:
The Shakyas and the Lichchhvis were two famous republics.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 2.
Mention the names of two of the earliest kings of Magadha.
Answer:
Bimbisara and Ajatasatru were the two earliest kings of Magadha.

Question 3.
Name two dynasties which ruled over Magadha after the Haryanka dynasty.
Answer:
Shishunaga and Nanda dynasties.

Question 4.
Who was Mahapadma Nanda?
Answer:
Mahapadma Nanda was the most important ruler of the Nanda dynasty.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 5.
Which new cities came into existence during 600 B.C. to 400 B.C.?
Answer:
Several new cities came into existence during 600 B.C. to 400 B.C. The important amongst these were Varanasi, Rajagriha, Shravasti, Kaushambi, Vaishali, Champa, Ujjaiyini, Taxila, Ayodhya, Mathura, and Patliputra.

Question 6.
Who were known as Amatyas?
Answer:
Ministers were known as Amatyas.

Question 7.
What was the most important source of income of early kingdoms and republics?
Answer:
Taxes.

Question 8.
Who was the founder of Buddhism?
Answer:
Mahatma Buddha.

Question 9.
In which Mahajanapada did Vardhamana Mahavira and Mahatma Buddha preach?
Answer:
Vardhamana Mahavira and Mahatma Buddha preached in Magadha.

Question 10.
What was the position of king in India from 600 B.C. to 400 B.C.?
Answer:
The king held the supreme position. He was regarded as the protector of society and religion.

Question 11.
What message did Vardhamana Mahavira and Mahatma Buddha give to people?
Answer:
Vardhamana Mahavira and Mahatma Buddha taught the people to lead a good life and not to do wrong.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 12.
Who were Sarthvahas?
Answer:
Merchants from 600 B.C. to 400 B.C. were known as Sarthvahas.

Question 13.
What is meant by Jina?
Answer:
Jina means conqueror.

Question 14.
Where was Vardhamana Mahavira born?
Answer:
Vardhamana Mahavira was born at Kundagram near Vaishali in Bihar.

Question 15.
What was the real name of Mahatma Buddha? Where was he born?
Answer:
The real name of Mahatma Buddha was Siddhartha. He was born at Lumbini in Nepal.

Question 16.
Who was the last Nanda King?
Answer:
Dhan Nanda was the last Nanda King.

Question 17.
Name some of the officials of kings of Mahajan- apadas.
Answer:
Amatyas or Mantries, Purohita, Senapati, Sangrahatri, Cher a and Gramini were some of. the important officials of kings of Mahajanapadas.

Question 18.
What was Ashrama?
Answer:
Whole of the life span was divided into four stages which were known as Ashramas.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 19.
Name all four Ashramas.
Answer:
Brahmacharya Ashrama, Grihastha Ashrama, Vanaprastha Ashrama and Sanyasa Ashrama.

Question 20.
What were punch-marked coins?
Answer:
Coins in this age were punched with different symbols and these were known as punch-marked coins.

Question 21.
Which was the supreme body of monks in Buddhism?
Answer:
Mahatma Buddha founded the supreme body of monks which was known as the Buddhist Samgha.

Question 22.
What are Tripitaka?
Answer:
All the teachings of the Buddha are compiled in three major works which are known as Tripitaka.

Question 23.
What was Mahayana?
Answer:
Mahayana was one part of Buddhism which means the great vehicle and its followers believed in the idol worship of the Buddha as a god.

Question 24.
What was Hinayana?
Answer:
It was another part of Buddhism whose followers followed the original teachings of the Buddha and considered the Buddha as a great teacher.

Question 25.
What do you mean by Janapadas?
Answer:
Republics or monarchical states established in Northern India around 600 B.C.were known as Janapadas.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 26.
What were Mahajanapadas?
Answer:
Mahajanapadas were the more powerful Janapadas. They were sixteen in number around 600 B.C.. Vatsa, Magadha, Kosala etc. were some of them.

Question 27.
What is meant by Shreni?
Answer:
Persons with some profession organized themselves into guilds or unions. These guilds or unions were known as Shrenis.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why is the period between 600 B.C. to 400 B.C. known as the period of the second urbanization?
Answer:
Several big cities came into existence during the period between 600 B.C. and 400 B.C. These cities were called puras, nagaras or mahanagaras. Varanasi, Taxila, Ayodhya, Mathura, Rajagriha, Sravasti, Kaushambi, Vaishali, Champa, Ujjaiyini and Patliputra were some of the big cities. Because of the emergence of big cities, this period is known as the period of the second urbanisation. The first period of urbanisation was that of the Indus Valley Civilisation.

Question 2.
How did the position of a king grow in a kingdom? What sort of life did he lead?
Answer:
The Brahmanas made the position of the king very strong. They preached that the king was not an ordinary man. He was like a god among men. The Brahmanas also performed certain ceremonies to endow-the king with god-like virtues and powers. The king lived a splendid life. He lived in a big palace, married many wives and spent his days in comfort and luxury.

Question 3.
Write a note on the administration between 600 B.C. and 400 B.C.
Answer:
The king was very powerful. He ruled the state with the help of Purohita, Amatyas (ministers), Senapati, Sangrahatri, Chera and Gramini. He had many other officers to carry out the works of the state. To carry out the expenses of the state, the king collected taxes. Some amount was spent on the welfare of the people and some amount was given to the Brahmanas to look after the temples. With this income, the king could pay his soldiers and other state officers.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 4.
Give a brief account of the life of Vardhamana Mahavira.
Answer:
Vardhamana Mahavira was born at Kundanpur near Vaishali in Bihar in 600 B.C. He was the son of a chief called Siddhartha and his mother was Trishala Rani. He was the 24th and last Tirthankara of Jainism. He left his home and wandered about for many years, trying to find the answers to the questions of life which troubled him. After twelve years six months and fifteen days, he attained the truth. He spent the rest of his life in spreading Jainism. He told his followers that their deeds should be based on Right Faith, Right Knowledge and Right Action. He died at the age of 72.

Question 5.
Throw some light on the life of Mahatma Buddha.
Answer:
Mahatma Buddha was bom at Lumbini in Nepalese Tarai. His father’s name was Shuddodhana and his mother was Mayadevi. His real name was Siddhartha and he belonged to a royal family. He was married to Princess Yasodhara and had a son, Rahul. He left home after he had seen a sick man, an old man, and a dead man. He thought that this world is full of sorrow and misery. He wandered in search of salvation and finally found enlightenment under a peepal tree at Bodh Gaya in Bihar. He founded Buddhism and preached his religion for forty years. He died at the age of 80.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Describe the economic life of India between 600 B.C. and 400 B.C.
Answer:
Between 600 B.C. and 400 B.C. in India, the main occupations of people were agriculture and cattle-rearing. Peasants were normally the owners of the land. But there were also landless labourers who worked on others’ land for a living. Several types of crops such as wheat, rice, maize, barley, sugarcane, sesame, mustard, pulses, vegetables, and fruits were grown.

Other professions included industrial crafts and trade. Woodwork, pottery, leather tanning, shipbuilding, weaving, garland-making, iron-smithery, jewellery, ivory-work, and several other professions were adopted by people. Some people earned their livelihood by fishing, hunting, dancing, acting, snake-charming, etc. Persons following the same profession organized themselves into unions or guilds, called Shrines. Each guild had its own president or head.

Trade was carried on both within the country and with foreign lands. There were roads across the country, some of which connected with foreign lands or seaports. Goods were also carried through ships and boats in oceans and rivers. Merchants known as Sarthavaha carried goods from one place to the other and moved in caravans. Indian goods were in great demand in foreign countries. Copper and silver coins were used for transactions.

People had to pay taxes to the king. Normally 1/6th of agricultural produce was charged as tax from peasants. Taxes on industrial goods and trade were charged according to the value of the goods.

Football Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

by

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Football Game Rules.

Football Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 1.
Write a note on the FootBall playground, Goal Area, Goal, Penalty Area, Corner Area, Lines, and Ball?
Answer:
Football playground:
The football ground will be rectangular. Its Length is a Minimum of 90 M (100 yards), Maximum of 120 M (130 yards). Width Minimum 45 M (50 yards), Maximum 90 M (100 yards).

International Match. Length: Minimum 100 M (110 yards), Maximum 110 M (120 yards) Width: Minimum 64 M (70 yards), Maximum 90 M (100 yards).

Football image 1

Marking:
The playfield should be marked with distinctive lines. These lines should not exceed five inches in width. Long lines are called touch lines and the short lines the goal lines. At each comer of the playfield a flag post is placed. Such a post should not be less than one yard outside the touch line. A circle shall be drawn in the centre of the field of play with a radius of ten yards.

Goal Area:
At each end of the playfield two lines shall be drawn which shall be at right angles to the goal lines. Each line shall extend upto 10 yards in the field, and shall be joined by a line drawn parallel to the goal line. The space encircled by these lines and the goal lines is called the goal area.

Penalty Area:
Two lines shall be drawn at each comer of the field at right angles to the goal lines. These lines shall be at a distance of 18 yards from each goal post, and shall be joined by a line drawn parallel to the goal line. The space enclosed by these lines and the goal lines is called a penalty area.

Goal Post:
Two posts shall be placed in the centre of goal lines at a distance of 8 yards or 24 feet. Their ends are joined by a crossbar. These are 8 high from the ground. The width and the thickness of goal posts and cross bars should not exceed 5″.

Football image 2

Corner Area:
From the post of each corner flag, a quarter circle, with a radius of one yard, will be drawn inside the playground. On all the four comers of the playfield 3 yard high flags are placed. Two flags are placed on either sides of the centre line outside the ground at a distance of 1 yard. The remaining flags are placed on the corner of the ground.

Ball:
The shape of football is spherical. Its upper part is made of leather or of some other approved material. Its circumference is not less than 68.5 cms and not more than 71 cms. Its weight shall be from 14 to 16 ounces. The ball cannot be changed during the play without the permission of the referee.

Football Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 2.
How many players take part in the game of Foot Ball? Describe the duration of the game, dress, numbers of officials, and goal?
Answer:
Number of players:
A football match is played between two teams. Each team consists of 11 players and 5 extra players. In a match no team is allowed to substitute more than two players. The substituted player is not allowed to take part in the match again.

Dress:
The player can normally wear a shirt or jersey, underpants (knickers), socks and shoes. The colour of the goalkeeper’s shirt or jersey shall be different from that of other players. The shoes are to be worn compulsorily.

Officials:
Among the officials are a referee and two line men. The referee makes the players obey the rules of the game and decides any matter of big dispute. His decision, about what happened in the game and what was the result, is final.

Duration of the Game:
The game is played in two equal durations of 45 minutfes each. An interval of 5 minutes follows the first duration, and of 10 minutes with the consent of the two teams. The start of play. In the beginning of the play the choice of the first kick and the side is made by a toss. The toss winning team is free to choose either side and to kick first.

Score or Goal:
When a ball, according to rules, crosses completely the goal line under the cross bar between the goal posts, a goal is allowed. The team scoring more goals shall be declared the winner. In case, no goal is scored or an equal number of goals are scored, the game shall be termed a draw. But if the tournament is taking place as per league rules, then in case of a draw both the teams shall be awarded 1 point each.

Golden Goal

If the football match ends in draw, the extra time for play will be given of which duration of play will be 15-15 minute each whenever during the period of a goal is scored by a team the match ends there and then. In case there is no result during the play, then 5-5 penalty strokes are made by each team till the winner is decided.

The Ball In and Out of play

The ball is out of play as a result of the following reasons:

  1. If the ball crosses the goal line on the ground or in the air.
  2. When the referee has stopped the game.
  3. When the ball goes out after having touched the goal post, cross bar or comer flag post.
  4. When the ball goes out of the goal line, in the goal posts under the crossbar, provided the ball is not thrown with hand or arm.
  5. When a player played the ball when the ball was at a lesser distance than him from the goal line of his rival.

The ball in the play

The ball remains in the play from the beginning to the end, but when it was in these situations:

  1. If the ball bounces back after having struck the goal post, the crossbar comer and flag.
  2. From a wrong play to the whistling of the umpire.
  3. When the ball strikes the umpire or line man when he is in the playfield.
  4. Till the sound of the whistle from outside the playfield.
  5. The game continues despite any infringement of a rule until the umpire stops the game.

Formation of Players:
The formation of players in football matches varies. Normally, it is 1-2-3-5. But in the European countries it is as follows:

Football image 3

The players continue to change the formation during the play according to the need.

Football Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 3.
What do you understand by off side, Free kick, Throw in, Penalty kick, Corner kick, Goal kick?
Answer:
(1) Off-side:
A player is off-side when he is in the half of his opponents or their goal line, and when there are no two opponents behind him. Even in such cases he is not off side if he is in the following situations:

  1. When he is in his own half of the field of play.
  2. When the ball last touches him or he plays with it.
  3. When he receives the ball from goal kick, throw-in or comer kick or he is thrown down by the referee.
  4. When the ball has been played by the opponent. For the violation of this rule, a free kick will be awarded to the players of the opposing team from the place of offence.

(2) Free Kick:
Free kick is of two types:
Direct kick and Indirect kick. When a player is taking a direct or indirect kick, opposing players should remain at a distance of 10 yards. The direct kick is that from which a goal can be scored direct. Indirect kick is that from which a goal cannot be scored unless the ball has been touched by any other player. In case of violation of this rule, the defensive team is awarded an indirect free kick from the spot of infringement.

(3) Throw-in:
When the ball passes over the touch line, either on the ground or in the air, it is thrown inside from the point where it has crossed the line. One player of the offending team throws the ball inside the playfield from the point where the ball has crossed the line.

The thrower at the time of delivering the ball must face the field. Either of his foot should be on or outside the touch line. The thrower will make use of both of his hands, and throw the ball from behind and over his head. He cannot play the ball until it has been touched or played by any other player.

If the throw-in is not proper, the opposing team takes the throw-in. If the thrower touches the ball before the ball has been touched or played by any other player, the opposing team is awarded a free indirect kick.

(4) Penalty Kick:
This kick is taken from the penalty mark. When it is being taken, only the player taking the kick and the opposing goalkeeper remain in the field of play. This mark will be at least 10 yards away. In order to complete the penalty kick the half time or the full time may be extended.

When a player is taking the penalty kick, the goalkeeper should remain standing at one place in the goal area. The goalkeeper can move after the kick has been taken. If such infringement takes place, the kick will be taken again. If, for some reason, the player taking the penalty kick misses it, then the defender is asked to take the kick from a distance of 16 yards.

If the defending team violates the rules and a goal has not been scored, the kick shall be taken again. In case of infringement of the rule by the opposing team, then the kick shall be taken again even though the goal has been Scored. If the infringement of the law is made by the player taking the kick, a player of the opposing team shall take a free hit on the place of infringement.

(5) Corner kick:
When the ball passes over the goal line and it has last been played by one of the players of the defending team, a member of the offending team is asked to take comer kick. The player of the opposing team takes the comer kick in a quarter area of the nearest flag post. Until the comer kick is taken, the players of the opposing team shall remain away at a distance of 10 yards. The kicker cannot touch the ball until it has been touched or played by another player.

Football image 4

(6) Goal Kick:
When the ball passes over the goal line (not over the goal posts), and it is being played by the opposing team, then the defending team takes the kick outward the penalty area. When the kick is being taken, the players of the opposing team shall remain outside the penalty area. If the ball does not go out of the penalty area and does not reach the playground direct, the kick shall be re-taken. The kicker cannot touch it until it has been touched or played by another player.

Football Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Fouls and Offences in the Game of Football

(a) If a player intentionally commits the following offences or infringement of rules, the opposing team shall be awarded an indirect free kick from the place of infringement:

  1. Kicks or attempts to kick an opponent.
  2. Jumps, pushes or strikes a blow at an opponent.
  3. Charges an opponent in a violent or dangerous manner.
  4. Charges an opponent from behind.
  5. Holds an opponent or plays by holding on to his clothes.
  6. Hurts or attempts to hurt an opponent.
  7. Obstructs an opponent or throws him by the use of his legs or attempts to throw him.
  8. Pushes an opponent with his hand or any part of his arm.
  9. Holds the ball in his hand.

If a player of the defending team commits any of these offences in the penalty area, the attacking team is given penalty kick.

(b) If a player, commits the following offences, the opposing team shall be awarded an indirect free kick from the place of infringement:

  1. When he plays the ball in dangerous way.
  2. When the ball is away and he charges the other player with shoulder.
  3. While playing, he deliberately obstructs the player of the opposing team.
  4. To attack the goalkeeper, except:
    • When he is obstructing an opponent.
    • When he is holding the ball.
    • When the ball goes out of his goal area.

5. (a) When as a goalkeeper, he takes more than four steps without throwing the ball on the ground.

Football image 5

(b) When as a goalkeeper he indulges in such tactics as hold up a game and waste the time, and tries to give undue advantage to his team.

(c) A player shall be warned that the opposing team shall be awarded an indirect free kick if:

  • he indulges in abuses and plays foul.
  • he misbehaves even on being warned.
  • he plays foul or misbehaves. In that case, the referee can send him off the field for the whole duration of the game.

Football Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 4.
Describe some important Technique of Football?
Answer:
The important Technique of Football

Kicking:
Kicking is a way of moving the ball towards the required direction with the help of feet, with the required speed keeping in view that the ball reaches its destination. In the art of kicking, accuracy, speed, direction and distance are maintained not by left or right foot but by both feet.

The most important point in the training of the players is about the need of playing the game with both feet. It is easy to teach the young new players how to play with both feet. Without it, it is difficult for a player to reach any level of success in the game.

  1. To kick with the inside of feet.
  2. To kick with the outside of feet.

When the ball is kicked within a short distance these two variations are put into use. The ball moves slowly but a great improvement is brought about, as result of which this method is often put into use at the time of aiming towards the goals.

Football image 6

Half Kick:
When the ball comes bouncing to the player or is in the air, there is then a sort of instability not only about its direction of bouncing because of the level of football ground but also about its height and speed. The most effective way of making it clear is the right time, co-ordination of the movements of kicking feet and the raising of the ball upto a proper height.

Football image 7

Over head kick:
This kick is taken with a three-fold purpose

(a) to deflect the ball from the opposing player
(b) to move the ball towards the direction of the kick, and
(c) to turn the ball back towards the direction from where it came. Over-head kick is an improved form of kick, and is generally taken in case the ball is bouncing.

To Make Pass:
The action of making ‘passes’ in football is the basis of team work. The pass increases the co-ordination among the team and adds to the growth of team work. Connected with the condition of the play a ‘pass’ is an evidence of the team play and hence is a basic element for which special time and attention should be given during the training and practice of the team. To achieve perfection at goals a team pass is a right type of kick by an individual player.

It is said that a successful pass is better than kicks. To give pass is an important part of inter-relatedness. It is to harmonize the complex structure of mutual movement between players with individual intelligence at the time of attack and defence during the play. In giving pass, one who makes ‘pass’ the ball and the one who receives the ‘pass’ are involved.

Making passes are normally categorised into long and short passes:

(a) Long passes:
These passes are made use of when there is rapid movement in the game. In such situations long passes prove to be very useful. In such passes, the ball can be moved both sideways and backward. In all long passes, the upper part of the foot or kick is used. The long passes strengthen the defence and facilitate short passes.

(b) Short passes:
Short passes are used for a distance of 15 yards or so, and they are more quick and accurate than long passes.

Push pass:
The use of push pass is made when the opponent is not very near. It is also made to throw the ball in the goal area at a close distance and to throw the ball towards the sides.

Low-pass:
It is shorter than push-pass. In it, the ball is raised high and bounced. It is used to cross the ball over the head of the opponent when he is quite near or is trying to take the throw-ball.

Football Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

The Outer-parts of Feet-Flick or Jab Pass

In contrast to the other two passes, the flick pass is used to flick or push the ball, having turned the feet inward. This type of pass is used to give pass towards the back while keeping the ball in possession and dribbling it.

Trapping:
Trapping is the basis of controlling the ball. The trapping of the ball means preventing the ball from going away from the player. It is not merely an activity of stopping the ball or making it stationary but also an essential technique used to take the ball in firm hold. Stopping the ball is first step of ball control, and the second part which the player brings into practice for his own benefit is also essential.

Note:
The training of traps should be given for
(a) dribbling ball and
(b) bouncing ball.

Football image 8

Trap with the Under-foot:
Such a type of trapping is good if you have no hurry and enough freedom, and nobody is beside you.

Football Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Trap with Inner Parts of Feet

It is most effective and commonly used trap. Not only does this trap enable a player to trap the ball but also helps him in moving towards any direction. This trap is particularly good for the ball coming from a side or a comer. If the ball comes straight, the body is moved in the direction in which the ball is to go.

Football image 9

Trap with the Outer Part of Foot

It is like the earlier one but it is difficult for in it one has to keep the balance as the weight of the player’s body turns outside and off the centre.

Pet or Chest-trap

When the ball is above the waist and cannot be effectively trapped with feet, it is taken on the abdomen or chest or as it bounces from the ground.

Football image 10

Head-trap

It is meant for those experienced players who are well-versed in the foundation of ‘heading’.

Football image 11

Football Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Important Information About the Football Game

  • The length of the ground = 100 yards to 130 yards 100 metre to 120 metre
  • The Breadth of the ground = 50 yards to 100 yards 45 meter to 90 metre
  • The shape of football ground = square
  • Number of players in one team = 11 and 5 substitutes
  • Circumference of the ball = 27° to 28°
  • Weight of the ball = 14 Aunce to 18 aunce
  • Duration of the match = 45-45 minutes of two half
  • Interval time = 15 minutes
  • Substitution of players in one match = 3 players
  • Official of the match = One table official, one referee, two line man,
  • Height of the goal post = 2.44 m
  • Height of the corner flag = 5
  • The match is played between two teams. Each team has eleven players. The total number of players in a team are 16, out of which only 11 play. Among these players there is a goalkeeper. 5 players are kept in reserve as substitutes.
  • During the play a team cannot substitute more than two players. A substituted player is not allowed to play again.
  • The duration of the game will be 45-5-45 minutes. The interval will be of 5 minutes.
  • After the interval the teams change their ends/sides.
  • By giving pass to each other on the fixed spot on the centre, line, that players start the game. Ends are decided by toss.
  • One table official, a referee and two line men are officials for the match.
  • The dress of the goalkeeper is different from that of his team.
  • The player should not wear anything which may prove to be dangerous to other players.
  • The game stops when the ball crosses the goal or side line.
  • The referee can ask for the stoppage of the game for some reason.

Gymnastics Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

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Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Gymnastics Game Rules.

Gymnastics Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Gymnastics is an ancient sports in 2600 BC. Gymnastics exercises used to be performed in China but the actual development started in Greece and Rome. The word ‘Gymnastics’ is derived from the Greek word ‘Gymnos’ which means “Naked body”, actually exercises done by naked body is called Gymnastics. These exercises used to be performed to keep the body healthy.

The Greek laid down the great emphasis on Gymnastics. The spartans were very popular in providing Gymnastics training for their youth. Boys and girls were expected to be good Gymnastics in those days. With the fall of both civilizations i.e. Greek and Roman, Gymnastics disappeared from these civilizations.

The Great Grandfather of Gymnastics John Guts Muths introduced Gymnastics in the Persian schools. In this way Germany rediscovered Gymnastics and owing to that the International Gymnastics Federation was constituted in 1881. In 1884 the first Gymnastics competition was conducted in Modem Olympics which were held in Athens in 1896.

Gymnastics for men was included but later on Gymnastics for women was included in 1928 Olympic games in 1974. In Asian games which were held in Tehran, Gymnastics was made one of the sports. The first world cup of Gymnastics was held in 1975. In these days Gymnastics is an attractive, fascinating and very popular sport.

Gymnastics Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Latest General Rules of Gymnastics

1. Men compete in six events

  • floor exercises
  • vaulting horse.
  • Pommelled horse
  • Roman Rings
  • Horizontal bars and parallel bars. Women compete in four events i.e. vaulting horse, uneven bars, balancing beam and floor exercises.

2. Gymnasts present themselves to a Judge before and after their event. They start their exercise when the signal is given to them. If during the exercise they fall, they have 30 seconds to remount and continue.

3. Regarding team competition, size Gymnastics of each perform is compulsory and an optional exercise on each apparatus. The five highest scores are added to give the team total.

4. A gymnast must wear proper kit. He may wear bandages or socks. He/She must starts the exercise within 30 seconds. When the signal is given by a coach another gymnast may assist a gymnast into hanging position on horizontal bar and Roman Rings.

Question 1.
Write about the Sports Equipment of Gymnastics.
Answer:
Specification of Playfield and related Sports Equipment

(A) Equipment for men
1. Floor = 12 M × 12 M
2. Parallel Bars

Length of bars = 3500 m.m.
Width of bars = 420-520 m.m.
Height of bars = 1750 m.m.

Gymnastics image 1

3. Horizontal Bar

Diameter of Bar = 28 m.m.
Length of Bar = 2400 m.m.
Height of Bar = 2550 to 2700 m.m.
Diameter of uprights = 50-60 m.m.
Diameter of Tension work = 5.6 m.m.

Gymnastics image 2

4. Pommel Horse

Length of Pommel Horse = 1600 m.m.
Width of Pommel Horse = 350 m.m.
Height from the floor = 1100 m
Height of Pommel = 120 m.m.
Distance between Pommel = 400-450 m.m.

Gymnastics image 3

5. Roman Rings

Diameter (Grip) = 28 m.m.
Height of stand from floor = 5500 m.m.
Length of leather straps = 700 m.m.
Thickness = 4 m.m.
Inside diameter of Ring = 180 m.m.
Height of the rings from floor = 2500 m.m.
Width = 35 m.m.

Gymnastics image 4

6. Vaulting Horse

Height of vaulting horse = 1350 m.m.
Adjustable steps in the intervals = 50 m.m.
Length = 1600 m.m.

Gymnastics image 5

(B) Equipment of Women

1. Floor = 12 m × 12 m
2. Vaulting Horse
Height of Vaulting Horse = 1250 m.m.
Adjustable steps in the Intervals = 100-150 m.m.
Length = 1600 m.m.

3. Balancing Beam

Length of Beam = 5000 m.m.
Width of Beam = 100 m.m.
Height of Beam = 1200 m.m.
Adjustable = 700 – 1200 m.m.

Gymnastics image 6

4. Uneven bars

Length of uneven bars = 2400 m.m.
Height of the bars from floor = 2300 m.m. and 1500 m.m.
Distance between bars = 580-900 m.m.
Diameter of uprights = 50-60 m.m.
Thickness of uprights = 30 m.m.

Gymnastics image 7
Gymnastics image 8

Gymnastics Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Important Tournaments

  1. Olympic Games
  2. Asian Games
  3. World Cup
  4. All India Inter-University Gymnastics Championship
  5. National Championship
  6. Federation Cup
  7. School National
  8. China Cup

Sports Personalities

Indian Sports Personalities

  1. Sham Lai
  2. Km Kripali Patel
  3. Dr. Kalpana Debnalt
  4. Montar Debnalt
  5. Anju Dua
  6. Sunita Sharma

International Sports Personalities

  1. Olga Korbut
  2. Nadia Comaneci
  3. Nelli Kim
  4. Ludmilla Tourscheva
  5. Dov. Lupi
  6. Karin Janz
  7. Elvra Saadi

Gymnastics Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 2.
Describe the fundamental skills of Gymnastics?
Answer:
Fundamental Skills of Gymnastics For Men

(A) Parallel Bars

  1. Up start
  2. Front start
  3. Shoulder stand
  4. Hand stand
  5. Hand stand with 180° Turn
  6. Hand stand to Front turn on the shoulder
  7. Backward Roll 8. Hand stand to cast wheel

(B) Horizontal Bar

  1. Up start with over grip
  2. Up start with under grip
  3. Short circle
  4. One leg circle with heel foot
  5. Heel foot
  6. Swing through vault

(C) Pommelled Horse

  1. Front Support Position
  2. Single Leg Half Circle
  3. Double Leg Half Circle
  4. Front Scissors

(D) Roman Rings

  1. Up start
  2. Back circle to back hang
  3. Muscle up
  4. Back level
  5. Back uprise
  6. Dislocation
  7. Back uprise with L-position.

(E) Vaulting Horse

  1. Straddle vault
  2. Squat vault
  3. Cast wheel
  4. Hand stand with cast wheel
  5. Hand spring.

(F) Floor Exercises

  1. Forward Roll to Hand stand
  2. Backward Roll to Hand stand
  3. Forward Roll to Head spring
  4. Hand spring to Dive Roll
  5. Round off to Flick Flak
  6. One Leg Hand Spring
  7. Hand stand to Forward Roll with straight legs

Gymnastics Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Fundamental Skills of Gymnastics For Women

(A) Balancing Beam

  1. Gallop step with Balance
  2. Scissors Jump
  3. Forward Roll
  4. Backward Roll
  5. Cast wheel
  6. Bridge
  7. Balance
  8. Dismount

(B) Vaulting Horse

  1. Spit vault
  2. Hand spring
  3. Squat vault

(C) Uneven Bars

  1. Swing on Upper Bar
  2. Back uprise
  3. One Leg Forward Circle
  4. One Leg Backward Circle
  5. Cross Balancing
  6. Hand Spring.

(D) Floor Exercises

  1. Forward Roll to Hand stand
  2. Backward Roll to Hand stand
  3. Round off
  4. Slow back Hand spring
  5. Split Sitting
  6. Slow Hand spring
  7. Hand spring
  8. Head spring

Gymnastics Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Points In Gymnastics

For each gymnastic exercise, there are points from 0 to 10, and each point is sub-divided into 10 parts. If the panel of the judges is of five members, the minimum and maximum points are not considered, and an average of mid three points is taken. If the panel is composed of three judges, the marks of three are taken for average.

Decisions:
The following points are important so far as decisions are concerned:

  1. Five or at least three judges are kept till the end of each event of the competition. One of these judges is considered to be Chief Judge.
  2. The judges make an assessment of the feats of other players on the basis of the feats of the first players on eveiy apparatus. They also consult one another for exercises so that there may be a common base of assessment.
  3. Thereafter, they decide independently and do not consult one another except in very special circumstances.
  4. The result shall be decided from the average of points awarded by three judges.
  5. If there is difference in the points awarded by two judges, the points of Chief Judge are also considered.
  6. It is the duty of the Chief Judge to make a compromise between the other two judges in case of dispute. If the other Judges do not reach a compromise, the Chief Judge shall declare his verdict.

Gymnastics Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 3.
Write brief Rules of Gymnastics?
Answer:
General Rules of Gymnastics

  1. Each team consists of 6 players. Each player participates in all events. For team championship, the performance of the best five players is taken into account.
  2. The substitution of players during the competition is not allowed.
  3. The judges of events and teams should reach the ground in time.
  4. If a player meets with an accident or falls ill, the captain should immediately call the doctor and get his advice.
  5. The game may be stopped for half an hour so that the same player recovers and joins the team. If his condition does not improve, he is removed from the game and the game restarts.
  6. Team competitions shall be held in two parts-first for compulsory exercises and second for optional exercises.
  7. The duration of these competitions shall be determined beforehand, and the competitions shall be held according to the fixed schedule.
  8. Only those players, who have taken part in all events of the team competition, are allowed to participate in the final.
  9. Only members of the jury, contestants and their technical managers, secretaries, members of the watch and ward staff looking after the equipment and playground are allowed to be present at the place of competitions.
  10. Each player is entitled for two attempts on Long-Horse vault. The best performance shall be credited.
  11. Optional or voluntary exercises cannot be repeated on any apparatus.
  12. No team can use its own apparatus. It is the duty of the organisers to arrange for the apparatus.
  13. The organisers are to arrange for the apparatus,
  14. If there is difference in the points awarded by judges, the verdict of the Chief Judge shall be considered.
  15. Each player is given two tries (chances) during the competition. If he does not touch vaulting horse or Beam Balance, he is given another chance. But if he touches any of these, a foul is awarded.
  16. There can be no substitution of players during the play.

Points to Remember

  1. For each gymnastic exercise, there are points for 0 to 10, and each point is further divided into ten parts.
  2. The decision of the jury is final. No appeal can be made against it.
  3. A team participating in a gymnastic contest is composed of 6 players. The team participating in School Mini National Games is, however, composed of 6 players.
  4. Players cannot be substituted after the competition has started.
  5. Only those players, who have taken part in all events of team competition, can participate in the final.
  6. If a player gets hurt or feels sick during competition, his team can wait for thirty minutes for his condition to improve.
  7. If a player leaves the team without the permission of the jury, he will not be allowed to rejoin it.
  8. For team championship, the performance of the best five players is considered.

Gymnastics Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Important Information About the Gymnastics Game

  1. Number of players in Gymnastics = 8
  2. Substitution is allowed or not = no substitution
  3. Decision of the jury = Final
  4. Time for waiting of player = 30 minutes
  5. A player can whether = no leave the court or not
  6. To decide the woman the number of players are wanted = 6 players
  7. Points are given = 0 to ten
  8. Officials for competition = Three to five
  9. Competition for boys =
    • Parallel bar
    • Vaulting horse
    • Ground Gymnastic
    • Horizontal Bar
    • Roman Ring
    • Pommel horse
  10. Competition for girls =
    • Beam Balance
    • Ground Gym
    • Uneven Bar
    • Vaulting horse

Kho-Kho Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

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Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Kho-Kho Game Rules.

Kho-Kho Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 1.
Discuss the playground of the Kho-Kho Chasers, Runners, To take a direction, To Turn the face, Returning, Lona?
Answer:
Kho-Kho
The size of the Kho-Kho playground is rectangular. It is 29 metres long and 16 metres wide. There are two rectangles at the fend of the playground. One side of the rectangle is 15 m. and the other side is 2.75 m. In the middle of these rectangles, there are two wooden poles.

The central lane is 2.10 m. long and 30 cm. wide. There are eight small squares, 30 × 30 cms., on this lane. The height of each pole from the ground is 1.20 cms. A line is drawn towards the width of each pole. Eight lanes are drawn parallel to this line. Each lane is 15 m. in length and 30 cm. in width. This lane is divided into two equal parts, each of 7.10 m, by the central lane.kho-kho image 1

The thickness of each line is 2 cms. Each lane is 2.10 m. long Each outside lane and pole line are 2.25 metres from each other Each pole line is farther from outside boundary by 2.70 metres. There is a lobby 3 metre wide along the four sides of the playground.

Definitions

1. Posts:
Two posts are fixed at the end of the central lane. Thej are 1.20 cms. high above the ground. Their circumference cannot be less than 30 cms and not more than 40 cms.

2. Central Lane:
There is a central lane in between two poles. It is 21.60 m. long and 30 cm wide.

3. Cross Lane:
Each rectangle is 15 m. long and 30 cm. wide. It crosses the central lane at right angles (90°). It is itself divided into two halves. It is called cross-lane.

4. Square:
The area, 30 cm. × 30 cm., made by the intersection of the central lane and cross lane is called square.

5. The Line of the Post:
The line that goes to the centre of the post, parallel to cross lanes, is known as the line of the post.

6. Rectangle:
The area which is outside the line of post is known as rectangle.
kho-kho image 2

7. Limits:
The lines on both sides and at a distance gf 7.30 m. from the central line, and parallel to it, are called limits.

8. Chasers:
The players who sit in the squares are called chasers. A player who actively pursues the players of the rival team is termed an active chaser.

9. Runners:
The players of the opposite side other than those of chasers are called runners.

10. To give Kho:
In order to give good Kho, an active chaser should touch the sitting chaser from behind, uttering clearly and loudly the word “Kho”. The action of touching and uttering of the word “Who” should be done simultaneously.

11. Foul:
If a sitting or active chaser breaks any rule, that is called a foul.

12. To take a Direction:
The taking of direction is to go from one post to another post.

13. To turn the Face:
At a time when an active chaser, going in a particular direction, turns his or her shoulders at 90°, he or she is said to have turned the face. It is a foul.

14. Returning:
When the active chaser, going in a particular direction, changes his direction to the opposite, he or she is said to have returned or receded. This is also a foul.

15. To Leave the Post Line:
When an active chaser leaves hold of a post, and leaves the rectangle or goes beyond it, such actions are known as leaving the post line.

16. Foot Out:
When a runner’s feet touch the ground outside the limits, it is called Foot-out, and the runner is out.

17. Lona:
When all runners are out within 7 minutes, the chaser will mark “Lona” against the runners. But no point is awarded for “Lona.”

How to begin the Play:
The game of Kho-Kho is started with a toss. The toss winning captain of the team shall decide to touch or be touched, and inform the referee about his decision. The players who sit are called chasers. The opposing players of the chasers are known as runners. Except one chaser, all the chasers sit in such a way that no two adjacent chasers face the same side. At the start of the game, the ninth chaser stands near a pole. When the referee whistles, the action of touching begins.

Kho-Kho Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 2.
Discuss the rules in the Kho-Kho game?
Answer:
Rules Of The Play

  1. No part of an active chaser’s body should touch the ground of the central lane. Moreover, he cannot cross the central lane by jumping from within the posts.
  2. The playfield shall be marked as shown in the diagram.
  3. The decision to be a chaser or a runner is made by toss.
  4. If a Kho is to be given, it shall have to be given from behind to a sitting chaser. Without having received the Kho, the chaser cannot get up. The active chaser shall not give Kho by touching the extended arm or leg of the sitting chaser. If the chaser breaks Rule no. 1 and 2, the referee shall award a foul.
  5. After having played, the active chaser takes the plac§ of the sitting chaser whom he has given the ‘Kho’.
  6. After taking the Kho the running chaser shall go in the direction which goes to the central lane.
  7. Until the utters ‘Kho’ to any sitting chaser, he can come only by crossing through the opposite side of the central lane above the pole.
  8. The face of the runner should be towards the direction of running.
  9. The chaser should sit in such a way that he does not obstruct the runners. If a runner is out because of any such obstruction, he shall be declared out.
  10. The active chaser can’ come out of the limit. But he will have to follow the rules regarding taking direction and turning the face, etc.
  11. After having taken the direction, the active chaser can attack again in the cross line, and it shall not be considered a foul.
  12. The runner cannot touch a sitting chaser. If he does so, he is given warning once. If he does so even after the warning, he is declared out.
  13. If the runner goes out of court, he shall be deemed to be out.
  14. If the runner is touched by a chaser, he shall be considered out.
  15. The rules regarding taking direction and changing direction shall not be applicable in the rectangular area.

Question 3.
Discuss the rules of the match in the Kho-Kho game?
Answer:
Rules About the Match

1. Each team shall have 9 members with 3 extras.

2. Each innings shall Mve four running and chasing turns which shall be of 7-7 minute duration. The two innings are for touching, and two for running.

3. Before the start of the match the captains of both teams shall decide about the turn of chasers or runners by toss.

4. Runners, in order of playing, shall get their names recorded with the scorer. At the beginning of a turn, the first three players shall be within the limit. When these three players are out, the next three shall succeed them before the kho is given. The players who fail to enter within that period shall be out. The players who enter out of turn shall also be declared out. This process will continue until the end of the term. The active chaser who has removed the third runner shall not pursue the newly entered runner. He will give Kho. The runners of each team shall enter the field from one side only.

5. The chaser and the runner have the option to end the turn before the given time. The captain of the runner or chaser team shall inform about his decision to the referee, and shall request the referee to declare the turn close. On such a request, the referee shall stop the game to end the turn. There shall be a rest of two minutes after this turn, and of five minutes in between two innings.

6. The chaser, on each runner’s being out, shall score one point. A ‘Lona’ is scored against all the runners who are out before time. Afterwards, that team sends its runners in the same turn. No extra point is given for scoring a Lona. The play shall continue in the same way until the close of the innings. The order of runners during the innings can be changed.

7. The team that scores more points at the end of a match in knock-out system is declared the winner. If the points are equal, one more innings is played. If again the points are equal, the Baker Rule 29 is used. In this condition, the players need not be the same.

In the league system, the winning team scores two points and the losing one scores zero point, and in case of a tie, each team is awarded one point. If in a league system, the league points are equal, the team or teams shall replay the game by lots. Such matches shall be played on knock-out system.

8. If due to any reason match is not completed, it shall be played at some other time, and the previous score shall not be counted. The match shall be replayed from the beginning.

9. If the points of a team are more than the points of the opposing team by 12 or more, the first team can ask the other team to follow on their innings as chasers. If the other team scores more points, it retains its right to be chasers.

10. If a player gets hurt during the play, he can be replaced by a substitute on the referee’s permission.

Kho-Kho Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 4.
Mention the number of officials conducting the game of Kho-Kho?
Answer:
Officials:
The following officials are appointed to conduct the match:

  1. Two Umpires
  2. One Referee
  3. One Time Keeper
  4. One Scorer

1. Umpire:
The umpire shall stand outside the lobby ground and shall supervise the match from the central lane. He shall give all decisions of his half, and shall help the other umpire to make correct decisions in the other half.

2. Referee:
There is only one referee in the game of Kho-Kho. His duties as referee are as follows:

  1. He shall help the umpire perform their duties. He shall give his own decision in case there is any difference between the umpires on an issue.
  2. A referee shall punish the defaulting player for his misbehaviour or for breaking the rules of the game.
  3. He is responsible for proper conduct of the game and match.
  4. At the end of innings he declares the score won by each team, and announces the result.

3. Time Keeper:
The duty of the time keeper is to record time. He signals the start and the end of the innings by blowing a whistle.

4. Scorer:
The scorer makes it certain that the players enter the field in accordance with the approved order. He keeps a record of the runners who are out. At the end of each term, he enters makes on the score sheet and prepares the score of the chasers. At the end of the match, he prepares the result and hands over the same to the referee for announcement.

Question 5.
Write down the score sheet of Kho-Kho game.
Answer:
kho-kho image 3

Kho-Kho Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Important Information About the Kho-Kho Game

  • The length and breadth of ground for man = 29 × 16 m
  • The number of square in central line = 8
  • Size of the lobby = 16 × 2.75 meter
  • Distance of square from each line = 2.50 meter
  • Breadth and length of central line = 30 c.m. & 23.50 meter
  • Size of square = 30 × 30 c.m.
  • Number of players in a team = 9 players
  • Substitution of players = 3 players
  • Duration of the Kho-Kho match = 9-5-9 (9) 9-5-9 minutes
  • Inning of Kho-Kho match = 2
  • Sitting players in square are called = Chaser
  • Opponent of chaser = Runner
  • Duration of play for girls = 7-2-7 (5) 7-2-7 minutes
  • Official of the match = One referee, Two Umpire, One time keeper, One scorer
  • Height of the pole = 1.20 meter
  • The size of the Kho-Kho playground is rectangular. It is 29 metre long and 16 metre wide.
  • A Kho-Kho team includes 12 players, of which 9 players play and 3 players are substitutes.
  • The start of the game is by toss. The captain of the toss winning team decides to be a chaser or runner.
  • Except one chaser, all chasers sit on the squares in such a way that there are no two adjacent chasers facing the same side.
  • Kho should be given from behind to a sitting chaser.
  • Kho-Kho match consists of 2-2 innings. The team that scores more points in all the innings is declared the winner.
  • A player who gets injured or hurt during the play may be substituted by another player with the permission of the referee.
  • No part of an active chaser’s body should touch the central lane.
  • If the two teams score equal points, one more innings shall be played. If again the scores are equal, another innings is played.
  • A substitute comes in place of an injured player.
  • The duration of the game is 9-5-9, 7,9-5-9 minutes.

Basketball Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

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Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Basketball Game Rules.

Basketball Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 1.
Describe the game of Basketball, its court and Restricted Area?
Answer:
The game of basketball is played between two teams. Each team consists of 5 players. The number of substitutes is 5-7. Each team aims at throwing the ball into the basket of the opposing team, and the opposing team tries to prevent the other team from securing the goal. The basketball court is 28 metres long and 15 metres broad. Its length and breadth can be decreased by 2 and 5 metres respectively in proportion to the two sides.

The height of the hall is 7 metres, and the light should be uniform. Its floor should be wooden or cemented: It can be made of synthetic rubber. For the competition of FIBA (International Amateur Basketball Federation) the court should be of specified dimensions. The boundary lines of the basketball court shall be marked at every point at least 2 metres away from any obstruction. The breadth of lines shall be 5 cms.

Board:
Backboards should be made of hard wood or of fibre glass. Each board should be 2 cm. thick. A rectangle behind the ring above the board of the dimension of 59 cms. horizontal and 45 cms. vertical is made with 5 cm. broad lines. The boundary of the board is also marked with 5 cm. broad lines. The lower edge of the board from the ground is 2.75 metre high.
Basketball image 1
Basket:
The basket is made of white net with iron rings. The length of the net is 40 cm. and the radius of the ring is 45 cms. while its thickness is 20 mm.

Centre Line:
A centre line, parallel to the end lines, shall be marked. It shall divide the court into Front Court and Back Court. This line shall be 15 cm. outside on both sides.

Centre Circle:
A circle with a radius of 1.80 m. shall be marked exactly in the centre of the court. It shall be measured from the outer line of the circle.

Three Points Field Goal Area:
The three points field goal area is marked by two arcs, which is from a radius of 6.25 metres to the outer edges of the centre of the side line. It is directly perpendicular to the centre of the basket. The end lines are parallel to the side lines. The distance between the end line and the lines of the three point field goal area is 1.25 m. The centre point is 1.575 metre from the inside edge of the mid point of the end line. The arc is only upto semi-circle and is thereafter parallel to the side line.

Restricted Area, Free Throw Lines:
Parallel to each end line, a free throw line with its further edge at a distance of 5.80 m. shall be drawn. It shall be 3.60 m. long and its mid-point shall be on the line joining the mid points of the two ends.Basketball image 2
The restricted area is formed by the lines from end lines and free-throw lines. Its radius is marked by end lines and free-throw lines. The outer edge of these lines shall be 3 metres from the mid-points of end-lines and finish at the ends of the free throw lines. This line is in the semi-circle with a r idius of 1.80 m. in the court.

The first line is 1.75 m. from the inside edge of the end line. The first lane place shall be limited by a line 85 cm away. Next to it will be neutral zone 30 cm in width. The second lane place shall be 85 cm in width and is close to the neutral zone. The third lane place will be adjacent to the second lane place and shall be 85 cm in width. Each marked portion in the broken semi-circle shall be 35 cm. in length and the gap between two portions shall be 40 cm.

Basketball Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Backboard Size, Material and Position:
Backboards should be made of hard wood or of fibre glass. Each backboard is 3 cm. in thickness. It is 1.80 metre horizontally and 1.20 metre vertically. A 59 × 45 cm. rectangle is made behind the ring on the board. The width of its lines is 5 cm. The upper edge of this line is parallel to the level of the ring. The board is limited by 5 cm. thick lines. The lower edge of the board is 2.75 metre high from the ground. The uprights that support the backboards“shall be at a distance of 1 m. from the outer-edges of the end-lines in the restricted area.
Basketball image 3
BASKET:
The basket is made of rings and net. It is 40 cm. in length. It is fixed with an iron ring. The rings are 45 cm. in inside diameters. The radius of this orange painted basket is 45 cm. The metal of rings is 20 mm. thick. A net made of white cord suspends from the rings. The rings are made in such a way that when the ball passes through it, they check it momentarily. The length of the net should be 40 cm.

Ball:
The ball is spherical. It is made of leather and has in it a rubber bladder. Its circumference is from 75 to 78 cm. Its weight is from 600 to 650 gms. The rules also now permit the use of used ball. The referee may choose a used ball. The ball should have been so much inflated that when it falls on the ground from a height of 1.80 m. it does not bounce from its upper edge, by not less than 1.20 m. and not more than 1.40 m.

A ball, once selected, cannot be used by any player before the match. A new ball may be used in case a suitable used ball is not available.
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Basketball Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 2.
What type of technical equipment is used in the game of Basketball?
Answer:
Technical Equipment

(a) (i) Game Watch
(ii) Time-out Watch

(b) Score-sheet

(c) Marks numbered from 1 to 5 having a minimum size of 20 cm × 10 cm. Marks from 1-4 shall be black while mark 5 is red.

(d) An efficient instrument visible to players and spectators to implement the 30 second rule.

(e) A Score Board, visible to all, having game points (scores) of both the teams written on it.

(f) Scorers shall have two red flags as foul markers of both the teams. The flag will be brought to the side of the team in case of eight fouls during a certain period and will be visible to the players, coach and game officials.

Question 3.
What is the number of officials conducting the game of Basketball?
Answer:
Officials and their Assistants and their Duties

(i) Referee’s Duties:

  1. It is the referee’s duty to look after the whole equipment and to give advice to the players through signs
  2. To perform other functions according to rales.
  3. To make the scorer fill up the record sheet.
  4. To toss in the middle of the game
  5. To conduct the whole game under his care. He gives proper decisions to both the teams. His decisions are adhered to by all the players
  6. He also adjudicates in case of misunderstanding among players, and conducts the game according to rales
  7. If a player plays wrongly, he awards him penalty (8) He signs the score sheet at the end of the play and awards victory or defeat.
    Basketball image 5

Time-Keeper:

(1) His function is to have control over time during the play. Before the start of the game he informs the referee that the game is to begin within three minutes so that he may inform the teams. After the interval he also reminds the referee that two minutes have left in the beginning of the game.

(2) He keeps the whole record from the start to the end of the game. He has to remember as to how long the game could not be played. When the time keeper rings the bell, the referee also blows his whistle to declare that time is over.

Scorer:

  1. His duty is to note the scores made by a player in the score sheet.
  2. He writes down the names of the all the players on the score sheet before the start of the game.
  3. The scorer should know as to how many scores have been made by an individual player.
  4. He adds each score made by a player very carefully to his account.
  5. He should note all the fouls done by a player on the side of his fouls. When a player makes five fouls, he informs the referee about it so that the player may be expelled from the game.
  6. After the end of the play, scorer gets the signature of the referee on the score sheet. Two scores are made if the ball falls from above in the basket. One score is made in case of a free throw.

Player Leaving Court:

No player can leave the court until the interval or until the rules permit without the permission of the game officials.

Captain:

Only the captain can talk to the officials for seeking any information or interpretation of any sort. The right to substitute a player lies with the coach or the captain acting as a coach.

Duration of Play:

The game is played in the four durations of 20 minutes each. There is an interval of 10 minutes for rest between the four durations.

Start of Play:

The referee starts the game. He shall toss the ball for a centre jump between two opponent players in centre circle. The game shall not start until five players of each team have entered the ground. If within five minutes after the starting time, a team does not enter the playground, the opposing team shall get walk over, that is, it is declared winner without playing.

Basketball Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 4.
What is the Jump ball in Basketball, what type of fouls can occur during Jump ball?
Answer:
Jump Ball. At the time of jump ball the two jumpers shall stand with their feet inside the half of the circle beside their respective basket, and one of their feet shall be beyond the centre of the line that is between them. An official shall toss the ball upward in such a way that no player can reach it by jumping and the ball drops between them.

No player shall tap the ball before it reaches its full height. A jumping player can tap the ball only twice. The moment the violation during the jump ball is made, it is penalised with a throw in at the side line. It is mid point for the opponents.

Goal:
A goal is scored when the ball enters the basket from above and is held there or passes through it. Two points are counted when a goal from the field is attempted from within the 3 point line, and one point when a goal is attempted from free throw. A field goal attempted from beyond the 3-point line would count 3 points.

Obstacle during Attack:
When the ball goes downward flight above the basket, no player shall touch or catch it even if an attempt is being made for goal.

Obstacle during Defence:
When an opponent tries for a goal by tossing the ball and the ball is above the level of the basket area and begins its downward flight, then no defender shall try to touch it. In case of violation, the ball shall become dead. If the violation occurs at the time of free throw, the thrower is awarded one point, and if it occurs at the time of attempting a goal, the thrower is awarded two points.

Ball in the Play after the Goal:
Five seconds after a goal has been secured, any player of the opposing team shall put the ball in play from any point out of bounce at the end of the court.

Decision of Play:
A team scoring greater number of points is declared the winner.

Forfeit of Play:
If any team does not enter the playfield after the interval or when the time is due on the call of the referee, the ball shall be brought in the ground and the absent team shall forfeit the game. If during the play the number of players of a‘team comes down to 2, the game shall come to end and that team forfeits the game.

Score and Extra Time:
In case the score is a tie at the end of the second half, five minutes more and such time more will be given till the decision of the game is given. In an extra period, there shall be tos? to select the basket, and thereafter in every extra period the basket shall be changed.

Time-out:
Each team can get two times-out until interval and one time out in one extra period. A time-out of one minute is given in case a player receives an injury. If during this time the injured player does not get well, a substitute is taken.

Basketball Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 5.
Describe five second, Eight second, three second and twenty four second rules?
Answer:
Five second Rule:
If a closely-guarded player blocks the ball from play and does not attempt to throw the ball in the game within five seconds, it is called blocking.

Eight second Rule:
When a team receives the ball in its back court, it has to send the ball into its front court within ten seconds.

Twenty four second Rule:
As per new rule, a new 24 second period does not begin following a throw in from out of line bounds at the side line until:

(a) The ball has gone out of bounds and throw-in is taken by a player from the same team.
(b) The officials have suspended the play to protect an injured player and the throw-in is taken by a player from the team to which the injured player belongs. After 30 seconds the operator will re-start the device from the time it was stopped when team control is again established by the same team after the thrown-in has been made.

Termination of Play:
On receiving the signal of the termination of play by the time keeper, the game shall be terminated.

Substitution of Player:
A substitute player before entering the court shall report to the scorer and shall be ready to play the game immediately. As soon as he gets the signal he shall reach the court. He should not take more than twenty seconds in reaching the court. If he takes more time, it shall be deemed as time-out, and it shall be charged against the opposing team.

Dead Ball:
The ball is dead when the ball, already in flight, on a shot for a goal, is touched by any player after time has expired for half or extra period or after a foul has.been called.

Three-second Rule:
When the ball is in the control of a team, no player of that team can remain for more than three seconds in the opponent court.

Dribbling:
Dribbling holds an important place in basketball. A player learns half of the game when a player has learnt to have full control over the ball and to dribble the ball. When a player continues to toss the ball into the air, fall it on the ground, and then re-takes it, it is called dribbling. When a player after having taken the ball places his foot on the floor in such a way that he appears to be rotating on a point, it is called pivot foot.

Ball in Play after Foul:
When a ball goes out of play by a foul, this dead ball shall be taken in play by

  • a throw-in from out-of-bounds, or
  • by a jump-ball at one of the circles, or
  • by one or more free throws.

Throw-in:
A ball shall be known to be dead in case of violation of rules, and the opposite team is awarded a throw-in from a close point on side line. The rule now permits a player who is to make the throw-in to touch the end line, and it is no longer a violation now.

Free throw:
A player on whom the foul is made takes a free throw. But in a technical foul any player can take a free throw. When a free throw is attempted, the positions of other players shall be as follows:

  1. Two players of the opposing team shall stand near the basket.
  2. Other players shall take alternate positions.
  3. Other players can take any position provided they do not disturb a free-throw.

Violation of Free-throw Rules:
After the ball has been given to a player for a free throw:

(a) He must throw the ball within five seconds and in such a way that it enters the basket or touches the ring
(b) While the ball is on its way to the basket or is on or within the basket, no player shall touch it.
(c) The thrower shall not touch the floor or across the free throw line. No. player of either team shall touch the free-throw line or create an obstacle for the player taking free throw.

Game to be Forfeited. As per the new rule it is no more necessary for the referee to put the ball in play in a manner as if both the teams were on the floor ready to play and forfeit the game. Now, if after the call for play by the referee a team refuses to play, the team shall forfeit the game.

Ball Return to Back Court. As per the new rule, the ball is sent into team ‘A’s back court provided it is touched by a player of the team A only when team ‘A’ has control of the ball in front court. Accordingly, a touch by player of the team ‘A’, while the ball is in control of the team B in the team A’s front court, if made to go into the team A’s back court, is not considered as caused to go into back court.

Further, during a throw-in from mid-point, the official makes it certain that the player takes his position by having his one foot on either side of the extended centre line.

Violation on Out of Bounds Play:
It is not considered to be a violation when a player, who has been awarded a throw-in, steps on the line while releasing the ball.

Penalty:
(i) If the infringement is made by the free-thrower, no point shall be recorded. The ball shall be given out of bounds on the side line to the opponent.

(ii) In case there is an infringement by a team-mate of the free thrower, the point shall be recorded. If the violation is done by both the teams, no point shall be recorded and the play will be restarted with a jumping ball on the free-throw line.

(iii) In case of the violation of rule (c) by a team-mate of the free thrower and the free-throw is successful, the goal shall be counted ignoring the violation. In case the free-throw is not successful, it shall be penalised.

(iv) In case of the violation of rule (c) by the free thrower’s opponents and the success of the free throw, a goal shall be counted ignoring the violation.

(v) If the rule (c) is violated by both the teams and the free-throw succeeds, the goal shall be counted ignoring the violation. If the free-throw does not succeed, the play shall be resumed by a jump ball on the free- throw line.

Basketball Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 6.
How many types of fouls are there in the game of Basketball?
Answer:
Technical Foul by Player. No player shall ignore the warning given by the official, and behave in a manner which does not behove a good player, for example:

  1. Addressing an official in a disrespectful manner, or meeting him.
  2. To misbehave,
  3. Troubling an opponent or obstructing his vision by waving the hand before his eyes.
  4. Obstructing or delaying the game in an improper way.
  5. Not raising the arm properly on the signal of a foul.
  6. Changing his playing number without reporting to the scorer or referee.
  7. Sending the substitute in the court without reporting to the scorer.

Penalty:
Every offence shall be considered a foul and the opponents shall be awarded two free throws for one foul. For repeated offence of this rule, the player shall be disqualified and expelled from the game.

Technical Foul by Coach or Substitute Player:
No coach or a substitute player can enter the court without the permission of the official. He can neither leave his place to follow the action in the court nor address an opponent disrespectfully.

Penalty:
On the violation of this rule by the coach, a four shall be recorded against him. For each offence a free-throw shall be awarded and the ball shall be given to the same team for throw-in on the central line. On the repeated violation of this rule, the coach can be removed from the vicinity of the court.

Personal Foul:
The person who makes a personal foul blocks, attacks, catches or pushes an opponent carrying the ball normally. At such a moment the referee blows his whistle and awards penalty.

Penalty:
If a foul is committed on a player who is in the act of shooting, then

(i) if a goal is scored, it shall be counted, and one free-throw shall be awarded, (ii) if the shot for goal (2 points) does not succeed, two free- throws shall be awarded, and (iii) if the shot for goal (3 point attempt) remains unsuccessful, three free-throws shall be awarded.

Intentional Foul:
It is that personal foul which a player commits intentionally. A player who commits this foul time and again is disqualified and expelled from the play.

Penalty:
An offender shall be charged of personal foul, and two free-throws shall be awarded. If this foul is committed by a player who scores a goal, the goal shall be counted, and an extra free-throw shall be awarded.

Double Foul:
A double foul is committed in such a situation in which two opposing players strike against each other, and both of them are at fault. This foul is recorded against both the players. In case of this foul, the play is resumed from the near circle by a jump ball.

Multiple Foul:
A multiple foul is committed when two or more players of a team commit a personal foul on one opposing player. In case of such a situation, a foul shall be recorded against each offending player, and the player against whom it is committed shall be awarded a free-throw. If the foul has been committed against a player during the act of shooting, the goal, if made, shall be counted and one free-throw shall be awarded.

Five Fouls:
If a player commits five fouls, either personal or technical, he shall be turned out.

Three for two Rule:
When a player is about to score a goal and an opponent commits a foul, if the goal is scored, one more free-throw shall be given. In case no jfoal is scored and if neither of the two free-throw succeeds, an additional free-throw shall be awarded.

Right of Option:
The right of option for a throw-in from mid-point is applicable in respect of one and two throws and three free-throws. Before the option is made, the captain is permitted to have a Brief consultation with the coach.

Four Fouls by a Team:
After a team has committed four player fouls (personal or technical) in a half all subsequent players shall be penalised by two free throws. If a player’s foul includes two or three free-throws.

Jump Ball:
The game is played with jump-ball at the start of the game, after the interval or when double or multiple foul is committed. The referee tosses the ball between the opposing players inside the centre circle. Both the players try to catch the ball by jumping. The game starts with the touch of a player on the ball.

Fouls during Jump Ball:
During jump ball the player commits following types of fouls:

  1. Jumping at each other.
  2. Touching the line.
  3. Touching the ball in flight after it has been tossed by the referee.
  4. Elbowing or pushing the opponent during jumping in order to block the opponent’s jump.
  5. Blocking the opponent’s jump by placing one’s foot on the opponent’s foot during the process of jumping.
  6. Touching the lines of the radius during jumping.
  7. Moving of the players from one place to the other while jumping.

Basketball Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 7.
Describe the important passes in basketball?
Answer:
Important Passes In Basketball

1. Two Hands Chest Pass:
The pass is made quickly by placing the ball in front of the chest with both the hands. This pass is made when the player faces no opponent. It is given to the team mates by holding the ball in both the hands, raising shoulders and arms, bending the body a little and by pressing one foot forcibly. This is a normal practice in the game.

2. Side Arm Pass:
This pass is given to the team-mates by either extending or raising the arm. This way is put into practice when a player wants to give pass to his playmate who is away. This pass can be given when an obstruction occurs during the process of dribbling. Then a player gives pass to another by extending his arm. Some teams are very well- versed in putting the ball jnto the ring from the centre.

3. Over-head Pass:
This pass is given to the team-mates by raising both the arms. It is considered to be proper when a player is surrounded by many opponents. The player makes the pass by crossing the ball over many heads raising his arm. The opponents have to make very bard efforts to block such a ball given through this type of pass.

4. Ground Pass:
This pass is given when the opposing player is tall, and the ball cannot be crossed over his head. At that time, the pass is given by throwing the ball on the ground.

5. Back Pass:
This pass is given from Back Side. The player moves to by tossing the ball on the hands, and in case there is an obstruction on the way, he gives back pass to his team mate standing behind.

Important Information About the Basketball Game

  • The length and breadth of court = 28 × 15 m
  • Number of players in one team = 12, five players, seven substitutes.
  • Radius of central circle = 1.80 meter
  • Breadth of lines = 5 c.m.
  • Thickness of the board = 3 c.m. c
  • Height of the board from floor = 2.90 meter
  • Dimension of board = 180 × 120 c.m.
  • Circumference of the ball = 75 to 78 c.m.
  • Weight of the ball = 600 to 650 gm
  • Rectangle size of the board = 49 × 45 c.m.
  • Distance of each pole = 2 meter
  • Duration of the game = 10-2-10 (10) 10-2-10 from half
  • Officials of the match = One table commissioner, One referee, One Umpire, One chief Refree, One time keeper, One scorer and 24 second operator.
  • A match of basketball is played between two teams. Each team has 5 players, and 5 or 7 substitutes.
  • The basketball court is rectangular. It is 28 metres long and 15 metres broad. The court must be made of wood or cement.
  • Each member of the team shall be numbered from 4 to 15 on the front and back of his vest or shirt. The front numbers should be 6″ long and the back numbers 15″.
  • The game has four durations of 10-2-10-10, 10-2-10. Until the interval which is of 10 minutes, no player can leave the court without the permission of the concerned official.
  • During the play players can be substituted any number of times but their names must appear on the score sheet, and the substitution of player can take place at the throw or watch of the substituted team or at dead ball.
  • Two or three free throws are awarded, as per the situation, after a foul which follows 4 fouls in one half of a team.
  • A player is expelled from the match after he has done five fouls.
  • The weight of the basketball is from 600 to 650 gms. and its circumference is from 75 to 78 cms.
  • During the play of a game, a coach can secure a time out (which is of 1 minute) two times for rest.
  • The radius of the centre circle of the basketball court is 1.80 m, the thickness of the board is 3 cm, the height of the lower edge of blackboard from the ground is 2.75 m, the height of the ring is 3.05 m and the length of the white net is 40 cms. The breadth of all boundary lines is 5 cms.

Cricket Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

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Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Cricket Game Rules.

Cricket Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 1.
Describe briefly cricket Ball, Bat, Pitch, Wickets, Bowling, Popping Creaser, Innings, the start and end of play and intervals.
Answer:
The cricket ball shall weigh not less than 5 \(\frac{1}{2}\) ounces (155.9 gms.) and not more than 5 \(\frac{3}{4}\) ounces (163 gms). Its circumference shall not be less than 8 \(\frac{13}{16}\)” (22.4 cms.) and not more than 9″ (22.9 cms.) It shall be made of leather which is painted shining red. During the matches played during nights the white ball is used. Each captain asks for the new ball before the beginning of a new innings. In case the ball is lost or damaged, the umpire can allow a new ball, the condition of which should be like that of the lost or damaged ball.
Cricket img 1
Bat:
The length of the bat including the handle is 38″ and its width from the widest part cannot be more than 4\(\frac{1}{4}\)“. The weight of an ordinary cricket bat is 2\(\frac{1}{2}\) pounds.

Pitch:
The area of the ground between the bowling creases is known as the pitch. It is 5′ (1.52 metres) wide on either side of the imaginary line joining the centre of the wickets. The breadth of the entire pitch is 8′ 8″.

Wickets:
Three-three wickets shall be fixed in front of each other, and the distance between these fixed wickets shall be 22 yards. The breadth of the wickets shall be 9″. The wickets have three stumps each and there shall be two bails to be placed on them. The stumps shall be equal and shall be so planted as to prevent the ball from passing through them. The top of the stumps from ground shall be 28″. Each bail shall be 4, \(\frac{3}{8}\)” in length and when in position on the position on the stumps shall not project more than \(\frac{1}{2}\)” above them.

Bowling and Popping Creases:
The bowling creases shall be drawn 8′ 8″ straight in length, with stumps in the centre. The popping creases shall be marked 4 feet in front of and parallel to the bowling crease. It shall extend by 6′ on either side of the stumps. The return crease shall be drawn perpendicular to the two ends of the bowling crease, and it shall be extended to meet the popping crease. Both the return and popping creases, are deemed unlimited in length.
Cricket img 2
Innings:
Each team has to play two times by turn. It is decided by toss as to which team shall play first. If the team playing first has scored 200 runs in 5 or more than 5 day match, 150 runs in 3 day match. 100 runs in two day match and 50 runs in 1 day match over and above the runs made by the opposing team, it can ask other team to play again that is it can declare follow on. The captain of the batting team can also declare the close of innings before time.

Start and Close of Play and Intervals:
Everyday at the start of each innings or before the start of the match the captain says “play” and if his team refuses to play, it shall lose the match. Ten minutes in each innings and maximum 2 minutes in the coming of each new batsman are allowed. Runs are reckoned for scoring.

When a batsman after hitting the ball reaches from one end to the other, one run is deemed to completed. If a batsman turns back without reaching the other end that is not considered as run. This is called short run. If while making the run, the ball is in the air and is caught, no run shall be deemed to be scored. Similarly, If a batsman is run out, the run being attempted shall not be counted.

  1. A cricket match is played between two teams. Each team has 11 players. Each team had its own captain who nominates his players before the toss for the innings.
  2. If during the game a player is incapacitated by illness or injury, a substitute is allowed. But substituted player can only do fielding. He can neither bat nor bowl.
  3. Before the toss for the innings, one umpire for each erid is appointed to make impartial decisions of the game.
  4. Scorers are appointed to keep record of all runs scored. They obey all the signs and orders of the umpire.

Cricket kit:
It is essential for a cricket player to put on cricket kit. It means white pants, shirt, shoes, socks, pad, abdominal guar, gloves and bat.

Cricket Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 2.
What do you understand by No ball, Wide Ball, Bye and leg Bye, Batsman’s Retirement, Bowled, Catch, Handles the ball, Hit the ball twice, Hit Wicket, L.B.W (Leg Before Wicket), Stumped, Run out in Cricket?
Answer:
No Ball:
While playing the ball if the front foot of the bowler goes ahead of the batting crease or cuts the returning crease, the umpire declares. No Ball. After hitting the ball the batsman can make as many runs as possible. The runs made in this way will be added to the score. If no run had been made, only one run will be added to the score. By spreading one of his arms the umpire gives the signal of no ball.

Wide ball:
The umpire declares a wide ball if the bowler bowls the ball high over or wide over the wicket which, in the opinion of the umpire, is out of the reach of the batsman. The runs made during the wide ball are reckoned in the wide ball. If no run is attempted, it is reckoned one run. The umpire gives the signal of wide ball by spreading his both arms straight.

Bye and Leg-Bye:
The umpire shall declare “bye’’ if the properly bowled ball passes the batsman (striker) without touching his bat or body and run is obtained. But it should not be no-ball or wide-ball. But if the ball touches any part of the striker’s body except his hands which hold the bat and any run is got, the umpire shall declare “leg – bye”.

Out of his Ground:
A batsman shall be reckoned to be out of it his ground until some part of his bat in hand or of his person is grounded behind the ground of popping crease.

Batsman’s Retirement:
A batsman owing to illness or injury may retire at any time. He may bat but he will have to seek the permission of the captain of the opposing team to know his number of batting. Bowled. If the wicket is bowled down, the striker (batsman) is said to be bowled out, even if the ball has touched first his body or foot.

Catch:
If the ball from the stroke of a bat or of the hand holding the bat (not the wrist) is caught by a fieldsman before it touches the ground, the batsman is “caught out”. At the time of a catch both the feet of the fieldsman should be on the ground of the playfield. If the fieldsman catches the ball out of the boundary line, the batsman is not reckoned to be out, but is awarded 6 runs. If the ball lodges in the pads of the wicket-keeper, the batsman shall be reckoned to be “caught out”.

Handle the Ball:
During play, if the batsman touches the ball with his hand he shall be reckoned to be out “handle the ball out”. Hit the Ball Twice. If the ball is struck or stopped by any part of the batsman’s body after it has been hit, and if the batsman deliberately strikes it again, he shall be out”. The ball can be hit twice only to defend the wicket but the condition is that it must have been done to defend the wicket. If any run is made in this process, it is not counted.

Wicket is Down or Hit Wicket:
If during the play, the batsman hits down his wicket with any part of the bat or body, it is called “hit wicket out”. If the wicket falls down as a result of the fall of his cap or hat or any broken part of his bat, even then he shall be reckoned to be “hit wicket out”.

L.B.W. (Leg Before Wicket):
The batsman is considered to be “L.B.W. out” when he tries to obstruct the ball with any part of his body before touching the ball with his bat, and in the opinion of the umpire, the ball and the wicket are in a straight line. If the batsman had not obstructed the ball with any part of his body, the ball would have straight hit the wicket. Obstructing the field. If a batsman deliberately obstructs a fieldsman from catching the ball, he can be out “obstructing the field.”

Stumped:
A batsman is out of his ground if his bat in hand or his foot is not on the ground behind the supposed popping crease. The batsman is considered to be out stumped when the ball is not “no ball” and is bowled and the batsman goes out of his ground otherwise than attempting a run, and the wicket-keeper outstumps the wicket (removes the stumps placed over the wickets).

Run Out:
The batsman is run out when the ball is in play, the batsman goes out of his ground to score a run, and his wicket is put down by the opposite side. If batsmen cross each other, that batsman will be considered to be “run out” who is running to the fallen wicket.

Wicket-keeper:
The wicket-keeper shall always remain behind the wickets until a ball delivered by a bowler touches the bat or the body of the striker or passes the wicket or the batsman is “out”. He cannot catch the ball.

Boundary:
If the ball crosses the boundary line having touched the ground, after a batsman has hit it, it is called boundary. Four runs are given for a boundary. If the hit ball falls out of the boundary line Without touching the ground, six runs are made. If the boundary results from an overthrow or is intentionally made by the fieldsman, then the scored runs and the runs of the boundary shall be counted in the score.

Lost Ball:
If the ball is lost, any fieldsman can declare it to be lost. In such a situation, the umpire can restart the game with a new ball the condition of which resembles that of the lost one.

Results:
Any team which makes more runs in its two innings is considered winner team. In case a match is not completed, it is regarded as a draw.

Over:
In each over the ball is bowled six times. These overs are done alternately on each wicket. Eight balls can also be given in an over, if decided earlier. “No ball” and “wide ball” are not reckoned in an over. The number of extra balls bowled in an over shall be equal to the number of “no balls” in that over. No bowler can bowl two overs continuously in one innings. If the umpire fails to remember the number of balls in an over, the over considered by the umpire shall not be counted.

Fall of Wickets:
The wicket is known as down when the batsman himself or his bat or ball removes either bail from the top of the stumps or both bails be off or strikes a stump out of the ground.

(i) Dead Ball:
The ball shall be deemed to be a dead ball in the following cases:Cricket img 3

  1. When the ball has been properly caught by the bowler or wicket keeper.
  2. When the ball reaches or bounces over the boundary.
  3. When the ball, without being played, lodges in the dress of a batsman or a bowler.
  4. When a batsman is out.
  5. If the umpire decides to stop the game after the bowler gets back the ball.
  6. On the call of ‘over’ or ‘time’ by the umpire.

Fielders:
The fieldsman can stop the ball with any part of his body. He is not allowed to stop the ball with his cap. If he does so, its penalty shall be four runs. In case no run has been made, four runs shall be added.

Cricket img 4

A.

  1. wickets
  2. Bowling crease
  3. Return crease
  4. Popping crease

B. Position of players.

  1. slips
  2. 3rd man
  3. Gully
  4. Point
  5. Cover – point
  6. Extra-cover
  7. Mid-off
  8. Bowler
  9. Straight
  10. Mid-on
  11. Long-on
  12. Mid-wicket
  13. Square leg
  14. Fine leg
  15. Leg-slips
  16. Short leg
  17. Silly mid-off
  18. Silly mid-on
  19. Silly point
  20. Backward point
  21. Wicket-keeper

Cricket Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Field, Weather and Light:
Before a match starts captains of both the teams will decide about the suitability of the field, weather and light. If they have not given their consent regarding these issues, the umpire shall decide the matter.

Appeal:
The umpire shall not order any batsman out unless a fielder makes an appeal in this regard. This appeal should be made before the delivery of the next ball and before the time is over. The fielder while appealing shall ask the umpire how it happened. The umpire signals ‘out’ by raising the index finger.

Mandatory over:
On the last day of the match, one hour before the close of the match, the umpire signals about the mandatory over. After this, a game of 20 overs is played. 6 Balls are bowled in an over. If it seems the match would be a draw, the game can be ended before the completion of these overs.

Dead Ball:
Dead ball is considered only in certain situations when the ball settles down completely in the hands of a bowler or wicket keeper or reaches the boundary line; when it is lodged in the dress of the umpire or batsman or the umpire gives the call of ‘over’ or ‘time’, and in addition to these, when a player is out or receives a serious injury.
Cricket img 5
Obstructing the Field:
If a batsman intentionally obstructs the game of the opposing team as a result of which the opposing team is obstructed from catching the ball, then the batsman is reckoned to be out. This is called ‘obstructing the field’.

One-day Match:
There is a one day national and international match in which both the teams play in 40-40 or 50-50 overs. The team which scores more runs becomes the winner.

Field Setting:
The fieldsman normally take their positions according to the following illustrations:

Cricket Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 3.
Describe some techniques in the game of cricket?
Answer:
Some Important Techniques in Cricket
Expertise And Techniques in Batting

Cricket img 6
To play a hit successfully batsmen should pay heed tp three points to find out the ball and attend to it; to decide which hit will be appropriate; and to turn the body to play the hit in a proper manner.

It seems to be very easy, but in fact, it is not so easy. It is easy to think that you are looking at the ball. In reality, it is easy to watch the coming ball provided you sire mentally prepared. It is indeed a tough task to form the habit of judging, in the real sense of the term, of each and every ball in the entire innings. You can do it by learning to concentrate on the task in your hand. It is, indeed, difficult, but if you learn to do so, not only will it prove to be of use to you in cricket but in life as well.

To take a right decision as to how to hit a particular ball is a matter of a sort of inner-inspiration which in cricket is often called “child understanding.” However, it is a matter of experience.
The position of the player:

Cricket img 7

A player’s restful, tension-free and balanced position is very essential. On it depends the right judgement of the ball and the foot movement for each stroke. Normally, the feet should remain parallel to the sides of the crease, and their toes directed towards the aim.

Back Lift

A right back lift is of immense importance. The left arm and wrist should do the whole job, and as the bat rises its front side should be directed towards the aim. The head and body should remain perfectly motionless. As the bat is raised, the right elbow should be slightly separated from the body and the left hand should be upward exactly in front of the right pocket.

The bat should move on the desired hit line below. It is but natural that the back lift will be firmer at the time of attack.

The Forward Stroke In Defence For The Straight BallCricket img 8

hit should be towards off-side., In fact, the bat will begin its downward movement from the line of fine leg. As far as possible, the whole of the bat should move through the hit-line.

On-drive
Cricket img 9
Cricket img 10
Many boys lack the ability of on-drive. If they get it, they can increase their capacity or ability of taking more runs. In it, the left shoulder is kept slightly low, the left foot and the line of balance are kept in right proportion and the head is moved ahead. It will enable one to approach the line of ball. The left foot shall remain slightly away.

The batsman should take the aim of hit, and the whole wide side of the bat should move down towards the line. In his on-drives, a batsman will have to resolutely discourage the tendency of depending too much on his right hand and right shoulder for the hit. He should also have a check on his left buttock going afar.

Until a batsman has a good judgement of the pitch he should continue to play with back stroke. In this way, he will get time to judge the ball after the pitch. In case of slow ball and more difficult pitch he must depend upon the back stroke.

The right foot with toe in parallel to the crease can make good movement inside and back side of the ball line. The weight of the body can be shifted on this foot but the head must lean slightly forward. The left foot on toe acts as a good balancer.

The ball should meet immediately below the eyes, and it should be at the level as eyes watch the ball downward the pitch. The control over hit is made by raising the elbow by the left hand and arm. The right hand, in the hold of the thumb and fingers, is relaxed. As far as possible the body should be kept side ways.

Cricket Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Even Bat Stroke

A boy cannot become a batsman until he learns how to take a direct hit. He should also know how to play a wrong ball, and it can be possible and effective through cross-bat hits. It seems to be particularly true in the case of long and full bounces, and provides good opportunities of scoring 4-runs (hitting boundary) particularly in the junior cricket.

These hits are more easy as they are more natural than direct bat hits. But in order to play these hits effectively you should learn to play more efficiently.

Back-foot Square cut

In order to tackle the ball received from the ball line and point from the front and back sides, the right foot moves across the buttock line. Then the wrists and hands are moved down from a high bat-lift, and the head and body move over the bent right knee in the stroke line
Cricket img 11

LET-CUT

This hit is similar to the above-mentioned hit except that it begins with a sharper turn of the left shoulder, and the right foot on the toe, towards third slip, is on the ground. The ball is received at the level of wickets, and the batsman hits it in the direction of the gully or second slip. In these two cuts, the left foot remains on the toe in the relaxed condition, and the weight remains fully on the bent right shoulder.

Cricket img 12

Important Information About the Cricket Game

  • Number of players in a team = 16 (11-5)
  • Distance to wicket to wicket = 22 yards 20.12 cm
  • Breadth of the pitch = 4′.4″
  • Breadth of wicket = 8 to 9″
  • Circumference of the ball = 9″
  • Weight of the ball = 5\(\frac{1}{2}\) to 5\(\frac{3}{4}\) ounces
  • Breadth of the bat = 4\(\frac{1}{4}\)“
  • Length of the bat = 38″
  • Colour of the ball = Red for day match, White for night match
  • The distance of outer circle = 75 yards to 85 yards from centre (68 m – 58 m)
  • The height of wicket from floor = 28″
  • Type of match = 20-20, one day, test match of five days
  • Number of umpires = two umpires, one third umpire.
  • The match is played between two teams. Each team has eleven players.
  • Two umpires are appointed for the match one for each end.
  • The scorer keeps record of all the runs scored.
  • A player can be substituted in case of injury or illness. A substitute is not allowed to bat or bowl. He can run for the other player between the wickets or can do fielding.
  • A substitute cannot do fielding at his special position.
  • The captains of the teams decide which team is to bat and which is to do fielding.
  • A new ball is taken at the start of each innings. A new ball can also be taken after 200 runs have been scored or after 75 overs. A new ball can also be taken in case the ball is lost or damaged but its condition should resemble that of the lost or damaged ball.

Kabaddi Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

by

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Kabaddi Game Rules.

Kabaddi Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 1.
Mention the length and breadth of the Kabaddi ground. Describe the main rules of the game?
Answer:
Playground:
The playground shall be rectangular, level and soft. It should be made of earth, manure or saw dust. For men, it is 12.50 metre long and 10 metre wide. For women and juniors, it is 11 metre long and 8 metre wide. It is divided by a centre line into two equal parts. There shall be a strip of one metre on each side of the playfield. It is called Lobby. In each half at a distance of 3 metres on the centre line and parallel to it, lines of the full width of ground shall be drawn.

These lines are called Baulk lines. The mid-line should be distinctly marked. The width of the mid-line and other lines should not exceed 5 cms, or 2 inches. Outside the side line and towards the end line a space of 4 metres should be left empty. The sitting block shall be 2 metres away from the end line. The sitting block for men shall be 2 m × 8 m., and for women and juniors it shall be 2 m × 6 m.

Bonus Line:

  1. This line is at a distance of 10 cms. from the baulk line, and for seniors, it is at a distance of 1 metre from the baulk line.
  2. When a raider comes after having crossed it fully, he does not get any point for it.
  3. If a raider after having crossed the bonus line is caught, the opposing team is awarded a point.
  4. If a raider succeeds in crossing the bonus line and also touching an opponent, he is given one point.

kabbadi court image 1

Officials:

  1. One referee
  2. Two umpires
  3. Two linesmen
  4. One scorer

The decisions of the umpire are final, but they can be changed under special circumstances. When the referee considers the decision wrong, he announces his own decision.

Players Dress:
The player’s dress includes a banyan and nicker (half pant). Then there is ‘jangian’ or join-cloth below. The use of safety pin and ring is prohibited. Nails should be pared.

Kabaddi Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Rules of The Game

1. The toss winning team shall have the right to choose the end of raid.

2. A player who goes out of the boundary during the play shall be considered ‘out’.

3. If anjapponent goes out of the boundary and catches the raider, the raider shall not be considered ‘out’ but all the players catching him shall be ‘out’. The raider shall come back to his side and take part in their game.

4. Lobby is also considered to be the limit of the game when the struggle starts. When the struggle is over, players in the struggle can enter the respective lobby.

5. A raider should go on sounding the words ‘Kabaddi-Kabaddi’ while entering the court of the opponents. If he starts the cant of Kabaddi only after he has entered the opponent’s court, he is ordered back by the umpire and the opponent shall be given the chance of raiding.

6. If even after the warning the raider deliberately violates the rule, the umpire shall declare his turn over, and his opponent shall be awarded one point, but he shall not be declared out.

7. After a raider has returned to his court, the opposing team shall immediately send its raider. So each side shall send its raiders alternately until the end of the play.

8. If a raider caught by opponents escapes and reaches his side safely, he shall not be pursued thereafter.

9. Only one raider shall go to the anti-court at a time. If more than one raiders reach the anti-court, the umpire shall order them to return to their court, and their turn of raiding shalLbe over. The opponents who touch them shall not be declared out. They shall not pursue the raiders to send them out.

10. If after the warning a player violates the rule, the umpire shall end his turn, and award one point to the opponents, but he shall not be declared ‘out’.

11. If a raider loses his cant in the anti-court, he shall be reckoned to be ‘out’. But if it happens as a result of the use of unfair means by the opponents, then he shall be deemed to have returned safely to his court.

12. No player shall push his opponent violently out of his boundary. The one who does so shall be considered ‘out’, and the raider shall return safely to his court.

13. Until the raider is in the anti-court, no opposing player shall touch with any part of his body the ground of the raider’s court beyond the mid-line.

14. If a player who violates the Rule no. 12 catches the raider or helps others in catching him, the raider shall safely return to his court, and all the opponents involved in the struggle shall be ‘out’.

15. If a player enters the anti-court out of turn, the umpire shall order him to come back. If after the warning by the umpire he does so again, the opponents shall be given one point.

16. According to new rules, it is not a foul to get water from outside and drink it.

17. When a team makes the entire opposing team out, it is successful. Two points are added to the points it has scored in making the opponents out. The players of both the sides shall enter their respective courts, and the game shall continue upto the end of time.

18. If a player warns a raider against any danger by the opponents, the umpire shall award one point against him.

19. No raider or opponent can be held by any part of his body other than his waist, hand or foot. He who violates this rule shall be declared ‘out’.

20. During any play if only one or two players of a team are left and the captain of the opposing team declares them out in order to bring in the play the whole of his team, the opponents shall score as many points as there are players and additional two scores of Lona.

21. With the opponents being out, the out-players of the team shall be put in the game in the same order in which they were out.

22. New Rules – If the match remains suspended for 20 minutes because of injury to some players, the match can be replayed.

23. The match can be started with five players. But when the five players are out, we shall consider full Lona, that is, 5 + 2 score, of players and 2 scores of Lona.

24. Lona has two scores.

Kabaddi Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 2.
Write five main rules of the Kabaddi match and its violations?
Answer:
Rules Of The Match
1. Each team has twelve members in all, out of which only 7 shall enter the ground together. The remaining shall remain in reserve.

2. For men the game shall have two durations of 20 minutes, and for women, two durations of 15 minutes. There shall be an interval of 5 minutes between these durations of play. The ends shall be changed after the interval.

3. For each player going ‘out’, the opposing team shall be given one score. The team getting Lona shall be given two scores.

4. At the end of the game the team having more scores shall be declared the winner.

5. If the match ends in a draw, two extra durations of 5-5 minutes for play shall be granted. During the extra time the game shall be continued by the end players of the other team. If the tie occurs at the end of 50 minute game for men or 40 minute game for women, the team that scores the first point shall be the winning one.

6. If no score is made during the whole 50 minute game for men or 40 minute game for women, the toss winning team shall be declared the winner.

7. If a match cannot be completed due to some reason, it shall be re-played.

8. In case of an injury to a player, the captain shall ask for a time out. But the duration of the time-out shall not be more than two minutes. The injured player can be substituted. Before starting the second turn of the game, two players can be substituted.

The game can be started by one or two or minimum number of players. At the start of the game those players who are absent can join the game later at any time, but the referee must be informed. If the injury to a player is serious, the injured player can be substituted. By the end of the first game, only two players can be substituted.

9. A match may be started if there are five players in a team but

(i) when the seven players of the team are out, the absent players shall also be ‘out’ and the opposing team shall be awarded Lona, (ii) the absent players can join the game with the referee’s permission.

(iii) the substitutes can be taken in place of absent players any time, but when they are so taken, no player can be substituted till the end of the match, and (iv) any player can be substituted in case the match is re-played.

10. Playing by using oil on the body is not permissible. The nails of the players should be pared well. The players shall wear banyan, underwear the nicker (half pant). Rubber-soled shoes and socks may be put on, if necessary.

11. During the play except the captain or leader, no player shall instruct. The captain can instruct only in his own half.

12. For junior boys and girls the duration of play is 15-5-15 minutes, out of which the interval is of 5 minutes.

Various Fouls and Violations in Kabaddi Fouls.

  • To try to stifle a raider by shutting his mouth or throttling him.
  • Using violent tackling by one player against the other.
  • Instruction or coaching cannot be done from the outside.
  • To hold the raider with the half of leg-scissors.
  • It is a foul when player on rest takes more than five minutes.
  • To take more than five seconds to send a raider by a team.
  • The referee can remove such players from the game by deducting their scores or marks. The whistle shall not be blown during the time of struggle.
  • To catch by hair or clothes intentionally is foul.

Violations

  • Violating the rules or decisions time and again.
  • Using derogatory remarks against the officials.
  • To show insulting behaviour to the officials or to try to influence their decisions.
  • To make insulting remarks to the opponent.

FOULS PLAY:
Referee or umpire will control the match of tournament by using the cards:

GREEN CARD:
Warning to player or coach.

YELLOW CARD:
Temporary suspension for 2 minutes.

RED CARD:
Suspension for the match or for the tournament

Kabaddi Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Important Information About the Kabbadi Game

  • The length of the ground for men = 13 Metre
  • The Breadth of the ground for men = 10 Metre
  • The length of‘the ground for women = 12 Metre
  • The breadth of ground for women = 8 Metre
  • The length and breadth for Junior boys & girls = 11 × 8 metre
  • Total number of players in a team = 12
  • Duration of the match for men = 20-5-20 Minutes
  • Duration of play for women = 15-5-15 M.
  • Breadth of the lines = 5 cms.
  • Points of Iona = 2 points
  • Size of sitting block for men = 1 × 8 M.
  • Size of sitting block for women = 1 × 6 M.
  • Officials of the match = One referee, Two umpires, one scorer, one time-keeper, two linemen
  • Each team has 7 players. Seven players shall play in ground at one time. There are 5 substitutes.
  • The team that wins the toss chooses the end and also gets an opportunity of the raid first.
  • The game has two durations of 20 minutes each with an interval of 5 minutes. For women and juniors the duration of the game is 15-5-15 minutes, out of which there is an interval of 5 minutes.
  • If any player leaves the ground, he shall be declared ‘out’.
  • If any part of the body of a player touches the outside of the boundary of the ground, he shall be ‘out’.
  • If the match is not completed for some reason, it shall be replayed.
  • A player cannot use oil or any greasy matter on his body.
  • During the game no player can hold the other player by leg scissors.
  • A substitute may take the place of a player if he is injured.
  • The captain can take a time-out with the permission of the referee, but the duration of the time-out should not be more than 2 minutes.
  • The player can be given water from outside the boundary. If water is given inside the boundary, it is a foul.
  • A team can substitute three players.
  • If a team gets a Lona, it is given additional two points.
  • Substitutes cannot be substituted again.