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Gattka Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

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Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Gattka Game Rules.

Gattka Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 1.
Write down about the plateform, dress and duration of GATTKA.
Answer:

  • Plateform: Gattka ring is round in size of 7 1/2 m radius.
  • Dress: Competitors may wear Jercy or shirt but must have Patka on his head.
  • Size of Gattka: It is made of Baint, (some sort of Bamboo) and three feet in length from its handle.
  • Duration of Bout: One round of five minutes.

Gattka Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 2.
Discuss the Draw, Bye and Walkover in Gattka.
Answer:
Draw, Bye and Walkover:
1. A draw shall be made for all players after taking the name of the players A,B,C,D,E.

2. Player bearing A will,play against the name of A in a bout.

3. In those competitions in which there are more than four competitors a different number shall be drawn in the first series to reduce the number of competitors in the second series.

4. The player who gets a bye in the first series shall be the first to fight Bout in the second series. If there is an odd number of Byes, the player with the last bye shall compete in the second series against the winners of the first bout in the first series.

5. No player can receive a bye in the first series and a walkover in the second or two consecutive walk overs. In case such a position arises a fresh draw shall be made of the competitors still in the competition to provide opponents to those competitors who have already received bye walk over in the preceeding series.
Gattka Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education 1

Question 3.
Draw the table of Drawing bout and Byes of Twenty Teams
Gattka Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education 2
Answer:
TABLE: Drawing Bouts and Byes No of Entries Bouts Byes-

No of Enteries Bouts Byes
5 1 3
6 2 2
7 3 1
8 4 –
9 1 7
10 2 6
11 3 5
12 4 4
13 5 3
14 6 2
15 7 1
16 8 –
17 2 15
18 2 14
19 3 13
20 4 12

Gattka Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 4.
Write about the competition of Gattka.
Answer:
Competitions of Gattka-

1. Limitations of Competitors:
Only five competitors are allowed to participate in a competition

2. First Draw:
If two members of the same team are being drawn together in a series and if one of them wishes to withdraw in favour of the other, a fresh draw will be made

3. Withdrawal:
If a competitor wants to withdraw from the competition after the draw has been made the official-in-charge will report to the organiser.

4. Retirement:
If any competitor wants to retire from the competition due to any reason, he will have to-inform the official-in-charge.

5. Byes:
Byes that arrive after the first series shall be spared for specified time with an opponent approved by the official-in-charge.

Question 5.
Who control the bout of Gattka?
Answer:
Bout Control:

1. All competitions and contests shall be controlled by a referee, three Judges, a time keeper. The referee shall sit in the ring when the number of Judges is less than three. The referee shall complete the scoring paper. The exhibition bouts shall be controlled by referee.

2. The time keeper shall be seated on one side of the plateform while the Judges on the remaining three sides. The seats shall be replaced as to offer a satisfactory view of bouts.

Gattka Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 6.
How the points are awarded in Gattka?
Answer:
Awarding of Points:

  • In all competitions the Judges shall award points.
  • The points shall be recorded on the scoring paper at the end of each bout and totalled. Fractions cannot be taken into account.
  • Each Judge must declare a winner and sign his scoring paper as well as signed on all the scoring slips.

SCORING:
1. The competitor who strikes his opponent the greater number of touch with Gattka he will get the same number of points his touching on the head is awarded two points.

2. If the points to each competitors at the end of the bout is equal, the Judge will award the decision in favour of the competitor who has touched the opponent’s head more time of in the opinion of Judge both the competitors are equal in other aspects also, he will favour the competitor who has shown the better defence.

Stopping the bout:

  • When a referee is of the opinion that a competitor, due to some injury cannot continue the bout, he stops the bout in such cases, the rival player is declared the winner.
  • The referee has the right to stop the bout.
  • In all bouts, any competitor who fails to start the bout where there is time loss loses the bout.

Suspected foul: If the referee suspects that foul which he has not seen clearly soon he can consult the Judges and give the decision accordingly.

Question 7.
Write the fouls of Gattka.
Answer:
Fouls:

  • Hitting with elbow
  • Hitting deliberately on the back of the neck or head.
  • Striking a competitor when he is down.
  • Holding the competitors.
  • Lying on with head or body.
  • Roughing
  • Shouldering
  • Wrestling
  • Double blows to the ear
  • Intentionally falling down without any reason.

Important Information about the Gattka Game

  • Shape of Gattka platform = Round
  • Circumference of platform = 30”, 20 c.m.
  • Length of Gattka Stick = 3’.3”, 100 c.m.
  • Weight of Gattka Stick = 500
  • Gattka made of =Bant
  • Thickness of Gattka = 1/2 to 3/4, 2 c.m. to 3 c.m.
  • Duration of Bout = 3 minutes 1 1/2,1 1/2 min (two half)
  • Dress of players = Jersey or Shirt, Patka on head
  • Officials of bout = Referee Council & Two Technical Officials, One Judge, One Scorer,One Time Keeper.
  • There are seven players in Gattka team in which five participate and two are substitutes.
  • Gattka ring in round in size of 7 1/2 m of radius.
  • The length of the Gattka is three feet from and three meter its handle which is made of Baint
  • The duration of Gattka Bout is three minutes.
  • There are three Judges and one Referee to conduct the bout.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

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Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

Science Guide for Class 7 PSEB Water: A Precious Resource Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 202)

Question 1.
Name three activities by which water is being wasted?
Answer:
Three activities during which water is wasted:

  1. Water pipe leakage.
  2. Washing dishes with running water.
  3. Use of laundry machine with fewer clothes.

Question 2.
Should we check the wastage of water and why?
Answer:
We must control water wastage. Reduce water wastage by purifying water and reusing it at homes, factories, farms and social organizations. Doing so reduces pollution and also saves water.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 203)

Question 1.
…………………. is the process by which water is converted from its liquid state to a gaseous state.
Answer:
Evaporation.

Question 2.
………………….. is the process by which water is converted from its gaseous state to a liquid state.
Answer:
Condensation.

PSEB 7th Class Science Guide Water: A Precious Resource Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(i) The water we drink is in ……………………. state.
Answer:
liquid

(ii) The process of seeping of water into the soil is called …………………. .
Answer:
Infiltration

(iii) The upper level of groundwater is called ………………… .
Answer:
Unsaturated area

(iv) ………………. means dealing with water in the best possible ways.
Answer:
Water Management

(v) A farmer can use water economically in the field, by …………….. .
Answer:
Drip irrigation system

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

2. Write True or False:

(i) Water cycle helps in maintaining water on the earth.
Answer:
True

(ii) About 97% of total water present on the earth is freshwater.
Answer:
False

(iii) Repair leaking taps and pipes at the earliest.
Answer:
True

(iv) We are quickly moving towards global water crisis.
Answer:
True

(v) Turn on taps while brushing.
Answer:
False

3. Match the Column ‘A’ with Column ‘B’:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
1. Ice (a) Oceans and sea
2. Saline w-ater (b) Rivers and ponds
3. Fresh water (c) Gaseous state of water
4. Water vapour (d) Purest form of water
5. Rain water (e) Solid state of water

Answer:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
1. Ice (e) Solid state of water
2. Saline w-ater (a) Oceans and sea
3. Fresh water (b) Rivers and ponds
4. Water vapour (c) Gaseous state of w-ater
5. Rain water (d) Purest form of water

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Which of the following is responsible for depletion of groundwater ?
(a) Increasing population
(b) Increasing industries
(b) Deforestation
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

Question (ii)
The Punjab preservation of subsoil water act was passed in the year:
(a) 2009
(b) 2010
(c) 2008
(d) 2015.
Answer:
(a) 2009.

Question (iii)
The world water day is celebrated every year on:
(a) 22 April
(b) 24 March
(c) 22 March
(d) 22 May.
Answer:
(c) 22 March.

Question (iv)
Ocean and seas cover about ………………… of the earth surface.
(a) 75%
(b) 71%
(c) 81%
(d) 29%.
Answer:
(a) 75%.

Question (v)
We should not keep taps running while:
(a) Brushing
(b) Shaving
(c) Bathing
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What do you mean by groundwater ?
Answer:
This water is present on the upper layer of Earth in gaps between the soil particles, inside the broken rocks is accumulated. This water automatically rises to the surface in the form of a waterfalls. This water can be brought to the surface of the earth through tube wells.

Question (ii)
Why is sea and ocean water not fit for drinking ?
Answer:
The water of the Sea and oceans is not drinkable because of excess salt present in it. One litre of seawater contains 35 grams of salt. By drinking this water dehydration, kidney failure, fainting and even death can occur.

Question (iii)
Define aquifers.
Answer:
Wet Rock Layers. In many places there are layers of hard rock beneath the water table in which water get collected. These layers of rock are called wet rock layers.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

Question (iv)
Name the three states of water.
Answer:
State of Water. The three states of water are:

  1. Solid (in ice form),
  2. liquid (plain water) and
  3. Gas (vapours)

Question (v)
How is groundwater recharged ?
Answer:
Ways to recharge ground water:

  1. Rainwater can be used to replenish groundwater.
  2. Farmers in the field can save water through drip irrigation system By doing so water may be replenished.
  3. Administration should manage water supply for houses and should keep a check on water leakage.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Enlist some activities by which water is being wasted by people.
Answer:
The following are some of the human activities that waste a lot of water:

  1. Brushing and shaving with a running tap.
  2. Watering the garden in the afternoon during the summer season. If we water plants between 5 and 7 in the morning then evaporation of water will be less.
  3. Cleaning kitchen utensils under a running tap will require a lot of water.
  4. Washing utensils in the dishwasher when the dishwasher is not full.
  5. Washing clothes when the washing machine is not fully loaded with clothes.
  6. Bathing under running taps or sitting under a shower for long a time.

Question (ii)
How will you minimize the use of water to maintain a garden ?
Answer:
We can reduce water consumption in the garden by :
1. Irrigating garden in the morning or in the evening and not in the afternoon during summer season will reduce water consumption as less water vapours will be formed at this time.

2. Irrigation of the garden should be done with drip irrigation system or sprinkler from which only that amount of water will be supplied as much is required i.e. water will not be wasted.

Question (iii)
How is water important to us ?
Answer:
Importance of Water.
Water is one of the most important resources on earth. All living things need water to survive. In addition to drinking, human beings need water for cooking, bathing, washing clothes, washing utensils, cleaning teeth, cleaning house. Water is also required to generate electricity, for agricultural purpose to manufacture and various utilities.

Question (iv)
How increase in human population is leading to depletion of water table ?
Answer:
Human Population Growth is Responsible for depletion of water table.
As human population is growing rapidly, so does the demand for water for its daily needs. Groundwater is often used for the construction of homes, shops, offices, roads, railways and many other purposes. Such construction also reduces the area under which rainwater seeps underground. In this way we are not only consuming groundwater but also reducing groundwater seepage.

As a result of this ground water level falls. To meet the needs of the growing population, more and more industries need to be set up which makes more use of ground water which causes the groundwater level to fall further. Trees are cut down to meet the needs of the growing population, which deteriorates the water cycle. This is the reason why there is depletion of water table percolating.

Question (v)
Why do plants wilt and finally dry up if they do not get water for some days ?
Answer:
If we don’t water plants it result in dehydration of leaf cells and stems, from which the as a result of which plant, wither without standing upright and die after some time.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

7. Long Answer Type Question:

Question 1.
What steps will you take to save water ?
Answer:
Steps to save water. We can save water by taking the following steps:

  1. By stopping water leakage from pipes and taps.
  2. By keeping water taps closed while brushing and shaving.
  3. Instead of washing the floor with fresh water, use mop and reuse laundry water in toilets.
  4. Wash vegetables and fruits with water in a large vessel instead washing them of under a running tap, and finally pour this water into the plants.
  5. Avoid of washing your vehicle (car or scooter) in running fresh water, wash it with a bucket full of water.
  6. Collecting rainwater and using it for various purposes such like cleaning and gardening.
  7. Planting new plants during the rainy season.
  8. By making people aware about water conservation techniques.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Science Water: A Precious Resource Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the blanks:

(i) People obtain the ground water through ……………….. and ………………. .
Answer:
Tubewells and boring pipes

(ii) Three forms of water are …………….. ,………………. and ………………. .
Answer:
Solid, Liquid, Gas

(iii) The water bearing layer of the earth is ……………….. .
Answer:
Water table

(iv) The process of water seepage into the ground is called ……………….. .
Answer:
Infiltration

(v) …………………. of human body is made of water.
Answer:
70%

(vi) …………………. of sline water is available on surface of earth.
Answer:
97%

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

2. Match the Column ‘A’ with Column ‘B’:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
(i) Falling groundwater level (a) Farmers can save water in the fields
(ii) Maintain the total amount of water on earth (b) Wet rock layer
(iii) Drip Irrigation System (c) The water cycle
(iv) Water between layers of rocks below the water table. (d) Increasing population, increasing industry, deforestation

Answer:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
(i) Falling groundwater level (d) Increasing population, increasing industry, deforestation
(ii) Maintain the total amount of water on earth (c) The water cycle
(iii) Drip Irrigation System (a) Farmers can save water in the fields
(iv) Water between layers of rocks below the water table. (b) Wet rock layer.

3. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
The total water:
(a) in the lakes and rivers of the world remains constant.
(b) under the ground remains constant.
(c) in the seas and oceans of the world remains constant.
(d) of the w’orld remains constant.
Answer:
(d) of the world remains constant.

Question (ii)
Which one of the following is not responsible for water shortage ?
(a) Rapid growth of industries
(b) Increasing population
(c) Heavy rainfall
(d) Mismanagement of water resources.
Answer:
(c) Heavy rainfall

Question (iii)
The surface of earth is covered with water:
(a) 20%
(b) 29%
(c) 71%
(d) 30%.
Answer:
(c) 71%.

Question (iv)
How much fresh water is available on earth?
(a) 0.003%
(b) 1%
(c) 71%
(d) None of above.
Answer:
(b) 1%.

3. State True or False

(i) The fresh water stored in the ground is much more than that is present in the rivers and lakes in the world.
Answer:
True

(ii) Water shortage is a problem faced only by the people living in rural areas.
Answer:
False

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

(iii) Water from rivers is the only source for irrigation in the fields.
Answer:
False

(iv) Rain water is the ultimate source of water.
Answer:
True

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
In which structure, the vast quantity of water is available ?
Answer:
Seas or Oceans.

Question 2.
Name the various sources of water.
Answer:
Sources of Water. The various natural sources of water are:

  1. Rain water
  2. Well water
  3. River water
  4. Pond water
  5. Lake water
  6. Sea water
  7. Spring water.

Question 3.
Which day is celebrated as world water day ?
Answer:
22nd March.

Question 4.
What is significance of ‘water day’ ?
Answer:
To cause awareness among the people about the importance of conserving water.

Question 5.
Is water abundant every where ?
Answer:
No, the distribution of water all over the world is not even.

Question 6.
What are water vapours ?
Answer:
Water in gaseous form.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

Question 7.
How is water supplied in cities ?
Answer:
By a network of pipes.

Question 8.
What is water table ?
Answer:
Water Table. The upper limit of layer of water filled in gaps and crevices of rocks is called water table.

Question 9.
How is deforestation responsible for depletion of water table ?
Answer:
By deforestation, the effective area for seepage of water decreases.

Question 10.
Which floor allows water to seep through it, Kaccha floor or Pucca floor ?
Answer:
Kacha floor.

Question 11.
What are deserts ?
Answer:
Deserts. Deserts are areas which get scanty rainfall.

Question 12.
What are the causes of floods ?
Answer:
Excessive rainfalls.

Question 13.
What happens when it doesn’t rain ?
Answer:
Drought occurs due to lack of rainfall.

Question 14.
Who is responsible for preventing loss of precious water in cities ?
Answer:
Sivil Authority.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

Question 15.
What is full form of NGO ?
Answer:
NGO. Non Government Organization.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How does water occur in nature ?
Answer:
Water is one of the most widely distributed and abundant substances occuring in nature. It occurs in nature as follows:

  1. Water occurs in wells, oceans, lakes, rivers, springs, etc.
  2. Water occurs as rain water and underground water.
  3. Water occurs in the form of ice and snow in colder regions.
  4. Water is present in the atmosphere in the form of water vapours.

Question 2.
What is rain water harvesting ? Why is it done ?
Answer:
Rain water harvesting. The collection of rain water in tanks etc. to use it in need is called rain water harvesting.
Need of rain water harvesting,

  1. To increase the availability of water.
  2. To store water for later use.

Question 3.
What are the causes of wastage of water ?
Answer:
Causes responsible for wastage of water:

  1. Leaking of taps
  2. supply of water through pipes.

Question 4.
What happens when plants are not watered for a few days ?
Answer:
Plants will dry up, if not watered for a few days.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the water cycle process with the help of diagram.
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water A Precious Resource 1
Water Cycle:
There is a constant supply of water on Earth through various natural methods. All these methods together form the water cycle. During the water cycle, water gets to the earth in one of its three forms:
(i) solid (ii) liquid and (iii) gas. Water from earth’s available groundwater sources – oceans, lakes, rivers, lakes, etc. – evaporates through the sun’s heat and remains in the atmosphere. These water vapours condense to form cloud water and fall on the earth in the form of rain. In the solid state, water is in the form of ice and snow on the poles of the earth and in the form of glaciers in the mountains. Together they form the entire water cycle.

  1. Groundwater,
  2. Evaporation,
  3. Condensation,
  4. Clouds,
  5. Precipitation,
  6. Rain.

Question 2.
Explain the factors responsible for groundwater depletion.
Answer:
Factors responsible for the fall in water levels are:
(1) Population growth,
(2) Industrial and agricultural activities,
(3) Low rainfall,
(4) Deforestation,
(5) Decrease in the area for water absorption etc.
are some of the factors which are some of the factors for lowering the ground level.

1. Population growth.
As the population grows, the demand for construction of buildings, shops, offices, roads, and many other institutions increases. This leads to a reduction in open areas such as farmland and playgrounds. Due to this the rate of absorption of rainwater in the soil decreases. Due to this the groundwater level is constantly drying up.

2. Growing Industries.
Water is being used by all industries. Water is needed in the production of everything. Water used by most industries is extracted from the land.

3. Agriculture.
Many farmers depend on rainfall for the irrigation of crops. Irregular rainfall reduces the availability of water. Therefore farmers have to use groundwater for irrigation. Due to population growth, the use of groundwater for agriculture is increasing day by day. As a result, groundwater levels continue to fall.

4. Poor management of water.
When water is supplied through pipes, leakage occurs in the supply pipes which causes a lot of water loss and therefore causes groundwater levels to fall.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Value of sports

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Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Chapter 6 Value of sports Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Physical Education Chapter 6 Value of sports

Physical Education Guide for Class 7 PSEB Value of sports Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write down the names of 10 big & ten small games.
Answer:
Big Games: Footbal, Hockey, Cricket, Netball, Throw ball, Volleyball, Kabaddi, Kho-Kho, Wrestling, Boxing.
Small Games: Touch & go, Tag games Shadow games, hide & seek, Pick the handkerchief. Searching the leader Cat & Mouse, Peeling the skin, Masula-Ghori, Jang-Planga.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Value of sports

Question 2.
What are the fundamental skills of a man? How did the games of today originate from these fundamental skills?
Answer:
Walking Running, Jumping, Throwing all are fundamental skills. All these fundamental skills are improved along with other industries of civilization and we have convert this fundamental skills to this games which spread out in the whole world.

Question 3.
What are the uses of games for man?
Answer:

  • Development & growth of body
  • Proper use of Leisure time
  • Full control over Emotions
  • Obedience
  • Spirit of co-operation
  • Punctuality
  • Tolerance
  • Self-Confidence
  • Firm determination
  • Spirit of competition.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Value of sports

Question 4.
What Qualities does a man learn by participating in games?
Answer:

  • Good health
  • Conditioned body
  • Full control over emotions
  • Development of intelligence
  • Development of character
  • Development of will power
  • Spirit of brotherhood
  • Leadership
  • International Co-operation
  • Competitional Co-operation

Question 5.
How games are useful for a country?
Answer:

  • International Co-operation: Teams of one country go to another countries to play the game. This helps in creating a feeling of friendship between different countries.
  • Good Citizenship: The spirit of sportsmanship that a player is expected to have, helps him become a good citizen.
  • Prominent Leaders: A nation need good & experienced leaders in order to make progress. Games help produce good leaders.
  • Nation Integration: Keeing the nation as one integrated unit was one of the major issues after independence. Games played an important role in keeping the united nation.
  • Strong defence: A country needs strong, healthy & disciplined soldied to able to defend its borders.

Question 6.
What is the importance of games at the international level?
Answer:
Teams of one country go to other for play the games. This helps in creating a feeling of friendship between different countries.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Value of sports

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Guide Value of sports Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Name of big game.
(A) Football, Hockey, Cricket, Table Tennis
(B) Kho-Kho, Basketball
(C) Badminton, Wrestling and Kabaddi
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

Question 2.
Name the small games.
(A) Touch and go, Tag games, shadow games
(B) Cat and mouse
(C) Raja Rani, Circle Kho-Kho
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

Question 3.
Main skill of man.
(A) Walking
(B) Running
(C) Jumping and throwing
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Value of sports

Question 4.
What are the uses of games for Man?
(A) Development of body and mind
(B) Proper use of leisure time
(C) Full control over emotion
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

Question 5.
What qualities does a man born in sports?
(A) Health
(B) Conditioning Body
(C) Development of intelligence
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

Question 6.
How games are useful for a country?
(A) Nation integration
(B) Strong defence
(C) Prominent leader
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
In early time how a man can spend his life?
Answer:
Jungli.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Value of sports

Question 2.
In How many types of games are divided?
Answer:
Big & Small games.

Question 3.
What are Indian games?
Answer:
Wrestling, Kabaddi and Kho-Kho.

Question 4.
What are the natural and interested activities of Child?
Answer:
Games.

Question 5.
Endurance firm-decision, confidence, how these all responsibilities comes in our minds?
Answer:
By Games.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the international quality of game?
Answer:
When an particular game of a nation go to other country to play. Which develop the quality of friendship at international spirit with this love & affection all the enimity of the country disappears. and peace prevails among the countries. Sports play an important role in person to person & country to country for brotherhood & peace.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Value of sports

Question 2.
What are the importance of physical activity in human life?
Answer:
Very beginning of childhood when starts some type of activity it is inborn qualities as soon as he becomes elder the activity is increased according to age. These are divided into 2 parts.
1. Natural activities.
2. Traditional activities.
All the games come in traditional activities. Men become physically & mentally strong in sports.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 5 Yoga

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Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Chapter 5 Yoga Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Physical Education Chapter 5 Yoga

Physical Education Guide for Class 7 PSEB Yoga Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What do you mean by Yoga?
Answer:
The objective of Yoga is unity, union and love. In simple words we can say that yoga means the union of man and God. Science that unites man & God is called Science of Yoga.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 5 Yoga

Question 2.
What is Yoga according to Rishi Patanjali?
Answer:
To control the insticts of our mind’s called Yoga.

Question 3.
Write any one definition of Yoga.
Answer:
Yoga is that path which leads a human being from darkness to light.

Question 4.
What do you mean by the word Asanas?
Answer:
Asana is an old method of Yoga which makes the base of Pranayam, Dhyan & Smadhi. Asana word means art of sitting. According to scripture Yoga Sutra written by Patanjali Asana is that situation of a person in which he can sit maximum for time comfortably.

Question 5.
How many types are there of Asanas? Write in detail.
Answer:

  1. Cultural Asana: Asana which performed to strengthen body are called cultural Asana.
  2. Meditative Asana: These type of asana is used to the smadhi or meditation.
  3. Relaxative Asana: These asanas are done in lying position. The objective of this asana is give relaxation to the body.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 5 Yoga

Question 6.
Yoga is only a method of treatment. Write your views regarding this statement.
Answer:
Many diseases are possible to treat with the help of Yoga. Some People assume that Yoga is a method of a treatment & meant for only these people who are suffering from any disease. Yoga can be done by any healthy person & he can save his body from any disease.

Question 7.
What is Objective of Yoga?
Answer:
Objective of Yoga is to unite love & affection with each other. With the help of Yoga we can control our mind.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Guide Yoga Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
How many types are there of Asanas?
(A) Three
(B) Two
(C) One
(D) None.
Answer:
(A) Three

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 5 Yoga

Question 2.
What do you mean by Yoga?
(A) Adding
(B) Union
(C) Union of Man with God
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

Question 3.
Principle of Yoga.
(A) While doing Asana we should take care of sex and age
(B) Do not exert much force while doing Asanae
(C) Aaanas should be done empty stomach
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

Question 4.
Misconceptions of Yoga
(A) Yoga is related to a particular sect
(B) The yoga is meant for men
(C) The Yoga is only for sick person
(D) All the above
Answer:
(D) All the above

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 5 Yoga

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write about Yoga in detail.
Answer:
Yoga word derived from Sanskrit word Yoga which means unite the soul with God.

Question 2.
Write any definition of Yoga.
Answer:
Yoga is that path which leads a human from darkness of light

Question 3.
Write any one misconception of Yoga.
Answer:
It is related with particular religion.

Question 4.
What is asana?
Answer:
Asana La that situation of a person in which he can sit maximum for time comfortably.

Short Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Write any three principles of Asana.
Answer:

  • Do not exert much force while doing Asana. Body should, be in static & comfortable position.
  • Asanas should be done empty stomach or four hours after taking meals.
  • Heart Patients & pregnant ladies do not do difficult asanas.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 5 Yoga

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the misconceptions of Yoga?
Answer:
1. The Yoga is related to a particular Sect:
Yoga was started in India by hermits. Many people consider that Yoga is related to Hindu religion & they consider that Yoga is meant for Hindus Only.

2. That Yoga is meant for men:
Many people consider that people doing Yoga, have to follow strict rules. Hence, it can be done by men only. It is meant for women.

3. That Yoga is’only for sick person:
Many diseases are possible to treat with the help of Yoga. Some people assume that Yoga is a method of treatment & meant for only those people who are suffering from diseases.

Question 2.
Write principles of Asanas.
Answer:

  • Asana should be done empty stomach or four hours after meals.
  • Heart Patients & pregnant women should not do difficult Asanas.
  • Body should be bent slowly while doing asana. Do not give Jerks while doing asanas.
  • Do not exert much force while doing asanas.
  • The place for doing the practice of asanas should be clean & peaceful.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

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Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Computer Science Book Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Computer Science Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Computer Guide for Class 7 PSEB Microsoft Word (Part-III) Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
After selecting the picture tab appears.
(a) Format
(b) Page Layout
(c) insert
(d) View.
Answer:
(a) Format

Question 2.
For text wrapping, we can use option.
(a) Square
(b) Tight
(c) Behind Text
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 3.
To remove any unwanted parts of picture, option s used.
(a) Crop
(b) Rotate
(c) Group
(d) Compress.
Answer:
(a) Crop

Question 4.
Which of the following option is not available in the Adjust group of Format tab?
(a) Corrections
(6) Artistic Effects
(c) Remove Background
(d) Picture Styles.
Answer:
(d) Picture Styles.

Question 5.
We can find the number of words in the bar at the bottom of the window.
(a) Task Bar
(b) Status Bar
(c) Title Bar
(d) Scroll Bar.
Answer:
(b) Status Bar

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

2. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which option splits the text into two or more Columns?
Answer:
The Columns option from the Page Setup group in the format tab divides the text into two or more sections.

Question 2.
Which page orientation sets the page in horizontal direction?
Answer:
Landscape Orientation.

Question 3.
Which option is used to group two or more images together so that they can be treated as a single object?
Answer:
Two or more images can be grouped together as one object using the Group command from the Arrange group in the Layout tab.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 4.
Which option can be used to change the colors of the picture in MS Word?
Answer:
From the Picture Format tab, the color of the picture can be changed with the Color option from the Adjust group.

Question 5.
Which option is used to count words in MS Word?
Answer:
Words can be counted using the Word Count option from the Proofing group in the Review tab or the Word Count Dialog box from the Status bar.

3. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are Margins?
Answer:
A margin is the space between the text and the edge of the page. By default, a new document’s margins are set to Normal, which means it has a one-inch space between the text and each edge. Depending on your needs, Word allows you to change your document’s margin size.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 2.
What do you mean by Compress Picture?
Answer:
With this button the image can be compressed. To reduce the size of documents, pictures can be reduced in storage size. You can change the resolution of an image or delete a cropped part of an image.

Question 3.
Write about Reset Picture.
Answer:
If you want to remove all formatting changes to a picture in the document, “Reset Picture’ command will be used. This button is used to undo all formatting changes made to the picture and restore it to its original format.

  • Select the picture.
  • in the Format tab, click on the Reset picture option from the Adjust group.

Question 4.
What is Crop option?
Answer:
Crop button is used to delete the unwanted part of an image. When you crop an image, an unselected part of the picture is removed. Steps to crop the image are as follows:

  • Select the image you want to crop. The Format tab appears.
  • On the Format tab, click the Crop command.
  • Black handles will appear around the image. Click, hold and drag a handle to crop the image.
  • Click the Crop command again. The image will be cropped.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 5.
Give the name of two page orientation in MS Word.
Answer:
To change the position of a document from a portrait to a landscape, click this button. To change the position of the page, steps are as follows:

  • Select the Page Layout tab.
  • in the Page Setup group, click on the “Orientation” command.
  • Click “Portrait” or “Landscape” to change the position of the page. Landscape format means the page is horizontal, while portrait format means it is vertical.

Question 6.
Write the name of various options available in the adjust group of Picture Tools Format tab.
Answer:
Correction, Picture Color, Artistic Effect, Compress Picture, Change Picture, Reset Picture, Remove Background.

4. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is Watermark? Write steps to add watermark in a word document.
Answer:
Watermark: it is just like a stamp. it is used for confidential documents. A watermark is an image that appears blurred behind the text on a page. The steps to add a watermark to the document are given ahead:

  • Open the document to which you want to include the water-mark.
  • Click the Page Layout tab and then click the “Watermark” button to display a list of standard watermark options.
  • You can select any available standard watermark by clicking on it. This will apply to all pages of the document.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 2.
Write the steps to run a Spelling and Grammar Check.
Answer:
To do Spelling and Grammar check, steps are as follows:

  • From the Review tab, click the Spelling & Grammar command.
  • The Spelling and Grammar dialog box will appear.
  • This dialog box offer one or more suggestions for spellings and grammatical errors.
  • You can select a suggestion and click “Change” to correct the error.

Question 3.
Explain the steps to Print a Document.
Answer:
Once you’ve created your document, you may want to print it to view and share your work offline. it’s easy to preview and print a document in Word using the Print option.

  • On the File tab or Office button, click Print command.
  • A print dialog box will appear.
  • In the “Name” drop-down list select the name of you printer.
  • In the “Copies” box, enter the number of copies you want.
  • In “Page Range” option select “All” option if you want to print all pages of your document.
  • If you want particular page to print then click “Pages” radio button and type page number in the box.
  • Now click “Print” option. Your document will be print.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Guide Microsoft Word (Part-III) Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
The text of the paragraph is selected by pressing the arrow keys and the ………….. key together.
(a) Special
(b) Shift
(c) Number
(d) Function.
Answer:
(b) Shift

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 2.
The default line spacing is …………… point.
(a) Single
(b) Double
(c) Triple
(d) Four.
Answer:
(a) Single

Question 3.
The fill color option is used to color in ………………… .
(a) Text
(b) Line
(c) Shape
(d) Word.
Answer:
(c) Shape

Question 4.
For border and shading …………… menu is used.
(a) File
(b) Edit
(c) Format
(d) Home.
Answer:
(c) Format

Question 5.
Auto Shapes are submitted from the …………….. tool bar.
(a) Shapes
(b) Home
(c) Word
(d) Drawing.
Answer:
(d) Drawing.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

2. True/False

1. The left mouse button is clicked three times to select the entire paragraph.
Answer:
True.

2. By default paragraph text is right aligned.
Answer:
False

3. indentation command is used for shading.
Answer:
False

4. To fill ClipArt, Click insert Picture then click ClipArt command.
Answer:
True.

5. Arial and Times New Roman are the names of the fonts.
Answer:
True.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

3. Match the Columns

Column A Column B
1. Ctrl + B (a) For double line spacing
2. Ctrl + E (b) For bold the text
3. Ctrl+ 2 (c) For Left, Right, Center, Justify
4. Font style (d) For Center Alignment
5. Alignment (e) Bold, Italic, Underline

Answer:

Column A Column B
1. Ctrl + B (b) For bold the text
2. Ctrl + E (d) For Center Alignment
3. Ctrl+ 2 (a) For double line spacing
4. Font style (e) Bold, Italic, Underline
5. Alignment (c) For Left, Right, Center, Justify

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

4. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is Picture Border?
Answer:
Picture border means the line around a picture.

Question 2.
What is picture position?
Answer:
Picture position means where the picture is located into the document.

Question 3.
What are the various options available in page layout tab?
Answer:
The Page Layout tab has more than one Page layout and Formatting options. This affects the look of a page’s content. Depending on how we want to present our document, we can choose Page Orientation, Paper Segment and Page Margin commands.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 4.
Write steps for formatting page margins.
Answer:

  • Click on the Page layout tab.
  • Click on the Margins command from page setup group. A drop-down menu will appear. By default “Normal” margin will be selected.
  • Click on the Predefined margin as you want.

Question 5.
Describe the steps for using custom margin.
Answer:

  • Click on Margin command from the Page Layout tab.
  • A drop-down menu will appear. From this menu click “custom margin” option.
  • A Page Setup dialog box will appear.
  • Adjust the margin size for each side of the page, and click Ok.

Question 6.
What is Orientation?
Answer:
To change the position of a document from a portrait to a landscape, click this button. To change the position of the page, steps are as follows:

  • Select the Page Layout tab.
  • in the Page Setup group, click on the “Orientation” command.
  • Click “Portrait” or “Landscape” to change the position of the page. Landscape format means the page is horizontal, while portrait format means it is vertical.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 7.
What are the steps to change the paper size?
Answer:

  • Select Page Layout.
  • Click on the Page-Size command and a drop-down menu will appear. The current page size will be highlighted.
  • Click on the Size option as per your requirement. The page size of the document will change.

Question 8.
What does the column option do?
Answer:
This option splits the written text into two or more columns.

5. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are corrections? How are they used?
Answer:
Adjust Group:
You do not need to use additional picture editing software to create high quality images for your document. Instead, you can use Adjust tools to correct and improve your photos.
1. Select photo.
2. In the Format tab, click on the Correction option from the Adjust group. A drop-down menu will now open. From this menu, select 3. Sharpen/Soften and Brightness/ Contrast settings according to your needs.
PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III) 1
To make these settings more detailed, go to Picture Format>> Corrections>> “Picture Corrections Options” option. The Format Picture sidebar appears. This allows you to provide special settings for Sharpness, Brightness and Contrast.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 2.
Write the steps for using the color option.
Answer:
Picture Color:
Microsoft Word allows you to control the color and tone of your picture and you can repaint the whole picture for special effects.
Steps to change the picture color are as follows:
(a) Select picture.

(b) In the Format tab, click on the Color option from the Adjust group. A drop-down menu will open.

(c) In this menu there are 3 options:

  • Color Saturation: This controls how bright the colors are in the image.
  • Color Tone: This controls the temperature of the color, from cool to warm.
  • Recolor ; This controls the overall color of the image. Use this option to make the image black and white or gray scale, or to colorize it with a different color.

(d) Choose any of the options as per your need.
PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III) 2

Question 3.
Write the steps for compressing a picture.
Answer:
Compress Picture: With this button the image can be compressed. To reduce the size of documents, pictures can be reduced in storage size. You can change the resolution of an image or delete a cropped part of an image. The steps to compress a picture are given below:

  • Select the picture.
  • In the Format tab, click on the Compress picture option from the Adjust group.
  • Now a Compression Settings dialog box will open.
    PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III) 3
  • If you want to print the picture, click on the Print (220 ppi) option.
  • If you want to reduce the size of the file to e-mail, click on the E-mail (96 ppi) option.
  • If you want to upload the file to a web page or projector, click on Project Options.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 4.
Write the steps to remove the background of the picture.
Answer:
Remove Background:
This option is used to automatically remove unwanted parts of an image. Areas to remove or keep can be marked in the picture. Following are the steps to remove the background of a photo:

(a) Select the image from which you want to remove the background.

(b) Click the “Remove Background” option from the Adjust group in the Format tab.

(c)Now the default background area will be marked with magenta color, while the foreground will remain its natural color.
(d)If the default area isn’t correct, go to Background Removal > Picture Tools and do one or both of the following:

  • If parts of the picture that you want to keep are magenta, select
  • “Mark Areas to Keep” option and use the drawing pencil to mark the areas on the picture that you want to keep.
  • To remove more parts of the picture, select Mark Areas to
  • Remove option and use the drawing pencil to mark those areas

When you’re done, select “Keep Changes” or “Discard All Changes”.
PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III) 4

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 5.
Write down the steps to apply a picture style.
Answer:
Picture Style Group:
Picture Styles Gallery offers many preset styles that make it easy for you to add borders and special effects with one click.
1. Picture Style Gallery:
This field provides a list of different formats that can be applied to an image. To see what each style will do, just move the mouse pointer over each style. To apply the style on a picture steps are as follows:
(a) Select the photo whose style you want to change.
(b) On the Format tab, in the Picture Styles group, click any style you like.
PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III) 5

2. Picture Border:
Use this command to change the color, width, or line style of the border of the image. Steps to add border as follows:

  • Select the image to which you want to add a border.
  • On the Picture Format tab, in the Picture Styles gallery, select Picture Border command. A drop-down menu will appear.
  • From this menu select color for border line.
  • Select weight (thickness) of boarder line.
  • Select whether the line of the border is dashed.

3. Picture Effects:
Click this button to add visual effects to the picture such as shadows, 3-D effects, and glows. Steps to add an effect to a picture are as follows:

  • Select the picture for which you want to add or change an effect.
  • Under the Format tab, in the Picture Styles group, click Picture Effects command.
  • A drop-down list will appear. From this menu select appropriate effect for image.

Question 6.
Write the steps of wrapping text.
Answer:
Text Wrapping:
This feature is used to apply wrapping to an image. When wrapping is applied, text can be typed around the image. Make it easy to move images from one place to another in a document. To apply the text wrapping on the image follow these steps:
(a) Select the image which you want to apply wrapping.
(b) From the Picture Tools tab, in the Arrange group, click on the “Text Wrapping” option.
Do one of the following:

  • Click “Square” command to type the text around the border of your picture.
  • Click ‘Tight” command to type text around a clip art image or an irregularly shaped image.
  • Click “Behind Text” command to display the text on the image.
  • Click “In Front of Text” command to display the image on the text.
  • Click “Top and Bottom” command to place the image on your line.
  • Click “More Layout Options” command for more layout Options.

From this dialog box, specify the distance between the text and the image.
PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III) 6

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 7.
Write the steps for adding background color or texture.
Answer:
Page Color:
With the help of this option we can apply different colors, textures and pictures to the background of the page in our document. Steps to add background color or texture are as follows:

  • Click on “Page color” command in the Page Background group from the Page Layout tab.
  • A drop-down menu will appear.
  • Choose one of the following options from this drop-down menu:
  • To apply the background color click any color from “Theme Colors or Standard Colors”.
  • To apply the texture, Gradient, pattern and pictures into the background, click “Fill Effects” option.
  • A Fill Effect dialog Box will appear. Select appropriate design for you background.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 18 Wastewater Story

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Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 18 Wastewater Story Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 18 Wastewater Story

Science Guide for Class 7 PSEB Wastewater Story Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 224)

Question 1.
What is the difference in colour of contaminated and clean water ?
Answer:
Clear water is colourless, but it may contain soluble impurities and microorganisms. This water is not pure and not drinkable.
Contaminated water in which microorganisms are present can also be colourless. Also, if there is any pigment or impurities in the water, it may be dark brown in colour.

Question 2.
Name any two organic contaminants present in drain water.
Answer:
Organic pollutants present in the drain waste water are:

    1. Insecticides,
    2. Diuretics,
    3. Fruits and vegetables waste,
    4. Human and animal excreta.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 225)

Question 1.
Why are manholes builts in sewage route ?
Answer:
Manholes are made at every 50-60 m distance of the sewerage system or at the junction of two sewage discharges, so that the person can enter the sewage drain to identify and diagnose the problem.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 18 Wastewater Story

Question 2.
Name any two organisms living in and around an open drain.
Answer:

  1. Cockroach and
  2. scorpion.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 228)

Question 1.
What change do in you notice in the appearance of liquid after aeration ?
Answer:
The color of the liquid is slightly clear and light.

Question 2.
What was removed by the sand filter ?
Answer:
Insoluble solid particles were separated by sand filter.

PSEB 7th Class Science Guide Wastewater Story Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(i) ……………….. are dissolved and suspended solid impurities present in sewage.
Answer:
Pollutants

(ii) The activated sludge is about ……………….. water.
Answer:
97%

(iii) …………………. is the solid material settled at the bottom of water clarifier.
Answer:
Sludge

(iv) ……………… is the place where contaminants are removed from wastewater.
Answer:
Water purification tank

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 18 Wastewater Story

(v) Adopt ……………….. sanitation practices.
Answer:
Good

2. State True or False:

(i) The sight and smell of open drain is attractive.
Answer:
False

(ii) Throw plastic bags in the drain.
Answer:
False

(iii) Open drain is the breeding place for flies and mosquitoes.
Answer:
True

(iv) Do not defecate in the open.
Answer:
True

(v) Solid food remains can block the drains.
Answer:
True

3. Match the Column ‘A’ with Column ‘B’:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
(i) Organic impurities (a) Sewage treatment
(ii) Inorganic impurities (b) Typhoid
(iii) Wastewater treatment (c) Manure
(iv) Water borne diseases (d) Nitrate and phosphates
(v) Dried sludge (e) Human wastes

Answer:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
(i) Organic impurities (e) Human wastes
(ii) Inorganic impurities (d) Nitrate and phosphates
(iii) Wastewater treatment (a) Sewage treatment
(iv) Water borne diseases (b) Typhoid
(v) Dried sludge (c) Manure

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 18 Wastewater Story

4. Choose the Correct Answer

Question (i)
Wastewater treatment plant involve:
(a) Bar screen
(b) Water clarifier
(c) Grit and sand removal tank
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

Question (ii)
Name the by-product of wastewater treatment plant:
(a) Biogas.
(b) Sludge
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Both (a) and (b).

Question (iii)
Which of the following chemicals is used to disinfect water ?
(a) Chlorine
(b) Ozone
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Both (a) and (b).

Question (iv)
World Toilet Day is celebrated every year on:
(a) 29 November
(b) 19 October
(c) 19 November
(d) 29 October.
Answer:
(c) 19 November.

Question (v)
Which of the following is not a low cost onsite sewage disposal system
(a) Septic tank
(b) Compost pit
(c) Chemical toilets
(d) Bar screen.
Answer:
(d) Bar screen.

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What is sewage ?
Answer:
Sewage.
This is the dirty water which contains soluble impurities dissolved and insoluble suspended impurities. It is produced by homes, offices, industries, farms and hospitals.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 18 Wastewater Story

Question (ii)
What is Sludge ?
Answer:
Sludge.
The solid that settles at the bottom of a water purification tank is called Sludge.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 18 Wastewater Story

Question (iii)
What is clarified water ?
Answer:
Clarified Water (Pure water).
It is colourless, odourless and tasteless water with pH value 7. Rainwater is pure water. The boiling point of pure water is 100°C. Pure water does not contain soluble or hanging impurities in it.

Question (iv)
What is septic tank ?
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 18 Wastewater Story 1
Septic Tank.
This is a low cost onsite sewage treatment system that contains anaerobic bacterial enivironment to decompose the waste products. It has connection to main sewage discharge pipes. This is used in which excreta from the toilet passes through the covered pipes from the toilets directly to the biogas plant.

Question (v)
What is waste water treatment plant ?
Answer:
Waste Water Treatment Plant.
Polluted water of houses through covered underground Pipes is taken to sewage removing contaminants.

The water is taken to the treatment plant and after the treatment this water is discharged into the rivers or oceans. The remaining waste water is sent to the place where the impurities are separated from it. Separation of contaminants from waste, water is called water purification. Water treatment involves physical, chemical and biological processes which remove contaminants from the waste water. Waste water treatment plant is also called sewage treatment plant.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Why oil and fats should not be thrown in the drain ?
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 18 Wastewater Story 2
Oil, ghee etc. should not be thrown in the drain, instead leftover should be put in the dustbin.
Because they harden and block the drainage pipes. If thrown in the open then they can close pores iin the soil which may reduce the ability of the soil to filter water.

Question (ii)
What is the function of bar screens in a wastewater treatment plants ?
Answer:
Function of Bar screen in waste water treatment Plants:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 18 Wastewater Story 3
In waste water treatment plant at first this water which contains solid insoluble impurities such as cans, pieces of nepkins and plastic etc is first passed through a mesh having bar screens where these impurities are stopped and separated.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 18 Wastewater Story

Question (iii)
“Throw litter in the dustbin only
Answer:
Always throw the garbage in the dustbin because scattering the garbage will not only pollute our surroundings but will also pollute the environment and give off a foul smell which will help in producing germs, insects and cockroaches. It will also cause many diseases. So throw litter only in the dustbin.

Question (iv)
What are the alternative arrangements for sewage disposal ?
Answer:
Alternative arrangements for sewage disposal.
Where there is no sewerage system, low cost sewage disposal systems such as septic tanks, chemical tanks, composting pits etc. can be constructed. A septic tank is a small sewage treatment system that contains anaerobic bacterial environment that separate waste pollutants. It has no connection with main sewage disposal pipes.

Question (v)
Why is it harmful to discharge untreated sewage in water bodies ?
Answer:
Untreated sewage contains inorganic and suspended contaminants. If this untreated sewage is discharged directly into water bodies then contaminants like germs present in it will get activated which will cause diseases like cholera, typhoid, diarrhoea, polio and hepatitis.

7. Long Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Write a brief note on open defecation.
Answer:
Open defecation.
Open defecation on railway tracks, banks of rivers or in the fields can cause health problems. It spreads many deadly diseases like cholera, typhoid, diarrhoea, polio and hepatitis.

About one lakh people die every year due to open defecation. In areas where open defecation is common, human feces and animal feces are swallowed by children accumulating large amounts of bacteria, parasites, and viruses in their bodies which causes diseases, even it leads to death.

Question (ii)
What steps will you take at home for efficient working of sewerage system ?
Answer:
Steps for efficient sewrage system at home. We should develop the following good habits for efficient sewerage system at the home.

  • Don’t waste water. Every time you go to toilet and you flush the toilet, water runs unnecessarily. So manage the amount of water to be used in toilets by putting a bottle filled with water or a brick in your flush tank which will maintain the water pressure and reduce the wastage of water.
  • Avoid using the toilet as a waste basket.
  • Install water-efficient toilets. Fix standard for reducing water consumption each time you flush.
  • Use only phosphate-free soaps and detergents.
  • Use washing machine only when you have full load of clothes.
  • Do not throw solid materials like tea leaves, wool, plastic envelopes (polythene), sanitary towels, soft toys etc. in the drainage water as they may block the drain. As a result, oxygen does not flow freely and the decomposition process slows down.
  • Do not throw substances like ghee, machine oil, grease, pesticides and other chemicals etc. in the drain as it can kill the water purifying microorganisms.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Science Wastewater Story Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(i) Cleaning of water is a process of removing ………………….. .
Answer:
contaminants

(ii) Waste water released by houses is called ………………… .
Answer:
sewage

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 18 Wastewater Story

(iii) Dried ……………… is used as manure.
Answer:
sludge

(iv) Drains get blocked by ………………. and ……………. .
Answer:
cooking oil, fats

(v) An open space covered by a lid is a passage through which a person can enter and check the sewage system is called …………….. .
Answer:
Manhole

2. Match the Column ‘I’ with Column ‘II’:

Column ‘I’ Column ‘II’
(i) Waste water treatment by-products (a) November 19
(ii) World Water Day (b) Breeding area for mosquitoes and flies.
(iii) Open defecation (c) Humus and bio gas
(iv) World Toilet Day (d) March 22

Answer:

Column ‘I’ Column ‘II’
(i) Waste water treatment by-products (c) Humus and bio gas
(ii) World Water Day (d) March 22
(iii) Open defecation (b) Breeding area for mosquitoes and flies.
(iv) World Toilet Day (a) November 19

3. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
A network of small and large underground pipes:
(a) Sewage
(b) Humus
(c) Stool excretion
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Sewage.

Question (ii)
World Water Day is celebrated:
(a) March 22
(b) 22 February
(c) April 22
(d) 22 June
Answer:
(a) March 22.

Question (iii)
Which gas absorbs ultraviolet radiation ?
(a) Nitrogen
(b) Oxygen
(c) Ozone
(d) Hydrogen
Answer:
(c) Ozone.

Question (iv)
Contaminated water causes diseases:
(a) Jaundice
(b) Diarrhoea
(c) Cholera
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 18 Wastewater Story

Question (v)
Malaria can spread through:
(a) Open drains
(b) Taps
(c) Closed drains
(d) Water pipes
Answer:
(a) Open drains

State True or False:

(i) Untreated sewage should be disposed of in reservoirs.
Answer:
False

(ii) Residual oil and ghee should be drained.
Answer:
False

(iii) Throwing polythene bags or pieces in the drains can choke the drain.
Answer:
True

(iv) Litter should be thrown in the dustbin only.
Answer:
True

(v) The solid settling at the bottom of a water purification tank is called sludge.
Answer:
True

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which is World Water Day ?
Answer:
World Water Day : 22 March.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 18 Wastewater Story

Question 2.
What is cleaning of water ?
Answer:
Cleaning of Water. Removing pollutants from waste water.

Question 3.
What is common name of waste water treatment ?
Answer:
Sewage Treatment.

Question 4.
How is Sewage formed ?
Answer:
Sewage. It is waste water discharged by homes, industries, hospitals, offices and other users.

Question 5.
Which organisms cause dysentery ?
Answer:
Microbes.

Question 6.
What is sewerage ?
Answer:
Sewerage. Network of small and big pipes called sewers form sewerage.

Question 7.
Which chemicals destroy water micro-organisms?
Answer:
Paints, painkillers, oils, medicines, etc destroy micro-organisms.

Question 8.
Why should solid waste not be dumped in drains?
Answer:
Because they pollute the drains and block the free flow of oxygen.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 18 Wastewater Story

Question 9.
How does oxygen purify waste water?
Answer:
Oxygen helps in biodegradation.

Question 10.
Write the names of two causes for spread of diseases.
Answer:
Unhygienic surroundings and Polluted water.

Question 11.
Name the plant used at places where sewerage system is not available.
Answer:
Septic tank.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give a short account of alternative arrangements for sewage disposal.
Answer:
The alternative arrangements for sewage disposal are septic tanks, chemical toilets, compositing pits, etc.

All these are low cost onsite sewage disposal systems and are suitable for places where there is no sewerage systems. For example, in hospitals, isolated building or a cluster of 4-5 houses in a remote area.

Question 2.
Name some practices used at home which can minimise the waste production.
Answer:
Practices used at home to minimise waste.

  • Greasy, oily things should not be dumped into drains, as they block (choke) the drains.
  • Chemicals, paints, insecticides etc. should not be thrown into drains as they kill microbes that help to purify water.
  • Solid wastes, used tea leaves, sanitary towels etc. should be thrown in dustbins and not in drains as they choke the drains.

Question 3.
What is Sewage ? Explain why it is harmful to discharge untreated sewage into rivers or seas.
Answer:
Sewage. Sewage is a liquid waste which has lot of dissolved and suspended pollutants in water. It is complex in nature.

It is produced in homes, industries, agricultural fields and in other human activities. It is main cause of water and soil pollution.

Harmful aspects of disposal of untreated water waste:

  1. It causes health hazards.
  2. Ground water and surface water gets polluted.
  3. It is carrier of water borne diseases.

Question 4.
Why should oil and fats be not released in the drain ? Explain.
Answer:
Oil and fats on hardening block the drain pipes. In open drains, the oils clog the soil particles reducing their power of filtering.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 18 Wastewater Story

Question 5.
Describe the steps involving in getting clarified water from waste-water.
Answer:
Steps to get clarified water from waste water:

  1. Passing waste water through bar screening to remove large objects like rags, plastics, cans etc.
  2. Passing through grit and sand. Removal tank with slow speed to settle down sand and dust particles.
  3. Settling down of water is done in a big tank which has a slope in middle to remove faecal matter and floatable solids such as oils and grease. Water so obtained is called clarified water.

Question 6.
What is sludge ? Explain how it is treated.
Answer:
Sludge.
It is solid faecal matter collected from the waste water after passing through screen bars and grit and sand removal tank.

Treatment of Sludge.
It is collected in a tank to be treated by anaeroboic bacteria. The biogas produced is used for generating electricity. Dried sludge is used as a manure.

Question 7.
Untreated human excreta is a health hazard. Explain.
Answer:
Untreated human excreta.

  1. It is a breeding place for mosquitoes, flies and other insects.
  2. It is full of foul smell.
  3. It contaminates water and soil,
  4. It is carrier of many diseases.

Question 8.
Name two chemicals used to disinfect water.
Answer:

  1. Chlorine and
  2. Ozone.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Give a detailed account of waste water treatment plant.
Answer:
Waste water is contaminated with physical, chemical and biological pollutants. To remove all these physical, chemical and biological processes are to be involved.

(i) Bar-Screen treatment. Wastewater is allowed to pass through big bar screens to remove solid large objects such as napkins, tins, cans, sticks, plastics, etc.

(ii) Grit and sand removal tank. The wastewater is allowed to pass through these tanks at a very low speed so that sand, dust, and insoluble heavy particles settle down in these tanks.

(iii) Separating the sludge. In this process, water is put into a large tank whose middle portion is sloped. All solids get settled down and are removed with a scraper. This solid waste is known as sludge. Some floating solids are removed by a skimmer. Water, thus, obtained is called clarified water.

Now two separate processes are to be followed.

(a) Sludge is transferred to a tank to be decomposed by anaerobic bacteria when biogas is produced as a by-product.

(b) In the clarified water, aerobic bacterias are present to enhance their functioning. Air is pumped into the water. Bacteria consume the impurities left in water and settle down at the bottom. The water is then removed from the top. While the sludge settled at the bottom is dried and used as manure.

(iv) The above water is either discharged into sea or river to be naturally cleaned or treated with chlorine or ozone and supplied for further use.

Punjab Style Kabaddi Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

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Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Punjab Style Kabaddi Game Rules.

Punjab Style Kabaddi Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 1.
Discuss about the circle style Kabaddi, Ground, Duration of the game, Dress of the Players, The official of the Kabaddi game.
Answer:
Playground:
The Punjab Style Kabaddi is also known as Circle Kabaddi. Its playground is circular, and the radius of the circle is 75 feet. The radius can be from 65′ (50 m) to 15′(10 m.) The centre line divides it into two equal parts. There is a gate of 20 feet in the middle of the centre-line. On both the ends of the gate two soil mounds are built. They are called palas.

The diameter of each pala is 6 inches. The palas are 1 foot high from the ground where they are placed. On both the ends of the centre line, the D-area is marked by a 20 feet long line. It is 15 feet from palas towards the sides. Through a quarter circle it touches the centre-line, and the palas are in the middle of it.

KABADDI:
PUNJAB STYLE OR CIRCLE KABADDI-
Punjab Style Kabaddi Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education 1

Duration of Play:
The game is played in two durations of 20 minutes each, and there is an interval of 5 minutes for rest in between the two durations.

Teams:
The game is played between two teams. Each team has ten players and two substitutes. When a player becomes incapable of play he is replaced by a substitute. Each team should have 8 players till the end of the game. If the number of players is less than ten, the opposing team is also allowed to have the same number of players (which is less than ten).

Dress of the Players:
Players shall wear loin-clothes. They can play on bare foot or by wearing tennis shoes with thin soles. The player cannot play by wearing a ring or other such things.

Officials:
There are following officials to conduct this game-

  • One Referee
  • One Umpire
  • Two Scorers
  • One Time Keeper.

Punjab Style Kabaddi Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 2.
Discuss the rules of Punjab Style Kabaddi.
Answer:
General Rules:

  • The raiders on their turns shall go to the court of the opponents sounding the cant of ‘Kabaddi’. They shall continue sounding the cant within one and the same breath till they return.
  • The raider shall touch at least the boundary line of the opponent’s court. If he even does not do so, the umpire can ask him for the second raid. If he fails to touch the boundary line even then, the opposing team is awarded one point.
  • No player can have two successive raids. Each player has to raid at least once in each half of the circle.
  • When a player is returning after having touched his anti, he cannot be pursued until he has crossed the essential line of his side
  • If a raider touches any of his opponents and returns to his court, his side gets 1 point.
  • If a player of the defending team causes an obstruction, the raiding team is at once awarded one point.
  • During the time of touching and holding between a raider and the player of the opposing team, all the rest of the players are considered temporarily out until a point is scored.
  • If a raider goes out of the boundary line, the anti-team shall get 1 point. If both the players cross the boundary line, neither side is awarded a point. The point is considered to be common in such a case.
  • A hold or an attack which may put a player’s life in danger is forbidden.
  • Applying oil on the body or increasing nails of hands and feet are forbidden.
  • Coaching of any type from the outside is forbidden.
  • If a raider touches his opponent or the opponent touches the raider, then both pursue each other till the sounding of the cant. No other player can hold the raider.
  • No one can hold a player by hair.
  • The opponent cannot prevent a raider from sounding the cant by shutting his mouth.
  • Improper or indecent words cannot be used during the play.
  • No player can go out for drinking water until the game ends.
  • The players can use soil on their hands.
  • The umpire can ask each of those players who have not taken their turns to sound the cant and raid.
  • The leg-scissors cannot be used on a raider without first being held.
  • No player can slap any other person.

Punjab Style Kabaddi Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Important Information about the Punjab Style Kabaddi Game

  • Shape of Kabaddi Playground = Circular
  • Radius of Circle = 65’to 75′(50 to 70 m)
  • Distance of Gate in Centre Line = 20′(6.10 m)
  • Marking of Gate = Two soil mounds are built
  • The diameter of each pole = 6″ ( 15 cm)
  • Duration of play = 20-20 Minutes
  • Time of Interval = 5 Minutes
  • Playing Members of a team = 14 Players,6 Substitutes
  • Officials of the match = Two Umpires, One-Referee, one scorer, one time keeper.
  • The game is played between two teams. Each team consists of 14 players and 6 substitutes.
  • In case a player is injured during the play, he is replaced by a substitute.
  • A player can participate in this game on bare foot.
  • No player can wear an iron bangle (‘Karra’), ring etc. during the play.
  • No player can have two successive raids.
  • A hold or attack which may endanger the life of a player is forbidden. Coaching to the players from outside the playfield is forbidden.
  • The opposing player cannot prevent a player from sounding the cant of ‘Kabaddi-Kabaddi’ by shutting his mouth.
  • No player can take part in the game after having applied oil on his body.
  • If a raider loses the cant on the way, the referee asks for the cant again.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 7 Crop Diversification

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Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Book Solutions Chapter 7 Crop Diversification Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 Agriculture Chapter 7 Crop Diversification

Agriculture Guide for Class 8 PSEB Crop Diversification Textbook Questions and Answers

(A) Answer in one to two words:

Question 1.
Which cropping system is adopted in the sub-mountainous regions?
Answer:
Rice-Wheat.

Question 2.
Which is the main cropping system in southwestern region?
Answer:
Cotton-Wheat.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 7 Crop Diversification

Question 3.
Give examples of multiple cropping systems.
Answer:
Maize-potato-moong, groundnut-potato-bajra.

Question 4.
How much water table is depleting every year in central Punjab due to cultivation of rice crop?
Answer:
Approximately 74 cm per year.

Question 5.
Which bacterium helps in nitrogen fixation?
Answer:
Rhizobium.

Question 6.
Which fertilizer can be saved in Dhaincha-Basmati-wheat cropping system?
Answer:
Nitrogen fertilizer.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 7 Crop Diversification

Question 7.
Which crops are imported by India from foreign countries?
Answer:
Pulses, oil seed crops.

Question 8.
How many days before basmati transplanting, green manure should be incorporated in the field?
Answer:
Just before a day.

Question 9.
What percentage of area is under irrigation in Punjab state?
Answer:
98%.

Question 10.
How many tubewells (no.) are there in Punjab?
Answer:
Approximately 14 lakhs.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 7 Crop Diversification

(B) Answer in one to two sentences:

Question 1.
What do you mean by crop diversification?
Answer:
Crop diversification refers to cultivation of alternate crops by reducing area under conventional crops like wheat and rice and by increasing area under the crops like-maize, pulses, basmati, sugarcane, potato, oilseed crops, etc.

Question 2.
Which crops can be grown in dry land areas?
Answer:
Oil seed crops can be grown in such land areas.

Question 3.
Enlist maize based cropping systems.
Answer:
Maize-potato-summer moong or sunflower, maize-potato or toria- sunflower, maize-potato-onion or mentha and maize-gobhi sarson moong.

Question 4.
Enlist fodder based cropping systems.
Answer:
Maize-Berseem-Bajra, Maize-Berseem-Maize or Cowpea.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 7 Crop Diversification

Question 5.
Write significance of intensive cropping system.
Answer:

  • High yield can be taken from small land holding.
  • Climate changes can be tackled.
  • Use of chemical fertilizers is reduced.
  • Balanced nutrition in maintained and employment opportunities are increased.
  • Agro-ecosystem is maintained and it helps in conserving natural resources.

Question 6.
Which enterprises can be adopted in integrated farming system?
Answer:
Following enterprises can be adoped in integrated farming system-

  • Fish farming
  • Cultivation of fruits
  • Cultivation of vegetable
  • Dairy farming
  • Rabbit farming
  • Pig farming
  • Goat farming
  • Bee keeping
  • Poultry farming
  • Agroforestry like poplar.

Question 7.
Write about source of irrigation in Punjab.
Answer:
Approximately 98% of area in Punjab is under irrigation. There are nearly 14 lakhs tubewells in Punjab. Canal irrigation is also adopted.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 7 Crop Diversification

Question 8.
Name the alternate crops which can be cultivated in central Punjab over rice-wheat
Answer:
Maize, Potato, Pea, Sugarcane, Basmati, Sunflower, Muskmelon, Chilli and other vegetables.

Question 9.
Write the names of main crops cultivated in sub-mountainous region.
Answer:
Main crops cultivated in sub-mountainous region are-wheat, maize, paddy, basmati, potato, oil seed crops and peas.

Question 10.
Which cropping systems should be adopted in areas having light soils?
Answer:
Groundnut based cropping system can be adoped in light soils, e.g. gsoundnut-potato or toria or wheat, groundnut- potato-bajra (fodder), groundnut- toria or gobhi sarson.

(C) Answer in five to six sentences:

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 7 Crop Diversification

Question 1.
What do you mean by crop diversification? Write about its aim and significance?
Answer:
Crop diversification:
Crop diversification refers to cultivation of alternate crops by reducing area under conventional crops; like, wheat and rice and by increasing area under the crops like-maize, pulses, basmati, sugarcane, potato, oilseed crops etc.

Aim: Aims of crop diversification are:

  • Judicious use of natural resources and conserving them for future and for long time.
  • To get more income by investing less on growing crops.
  • To get out of the same crop rotation cycle so that soil and water remain conserved.

Significance:
Rice-wheat cropping cycle requires 215 cm water in a year and out of this water 80% is consumed by rice crop. Cultivation of rice is damaging the physical and chemical properties of the soil. For the last 50 years area under cultivation of rice has increased at the cost of area under groundnut, oil seed crops, cotton, pulses etc. Crop diversification is the reverse of this process and lot of water is saved and soil health is also improved.

Question 2.
Why there is need for crop intensification? Describe in detail with examples?
Answer:
Intensive cropping system means sowing more than two crops in a year. Crops are sown in the time between the harvesting of first crop and sowing of next crop.
Need for crop intensification:

  • High yield can be taken from small land holding.
  • Climate changes can be tackled.
  • Use of chemical fertilizers is reduced.
  • Balanced nutrition is maintained and employment opportunities are increased.
  • Agro-ecosystem is maintained and it helps in conserving natural resources.

Cultivation of leguminous crops help in increasing the soil fertility by fixation of nitrogen with rhizobium. This saves nitrogen fertilizers. Important multiple cropping patterns are –

  • Green manuring based; e.g. Jantar-Maize etc.
  • Maize based; e.g. maize-potato-moong or sunflower.
  • Soyabean based ; e.g. soyabean-wheat-cowpea
  • Groundnut based; e.g. – Groundnut – potato-toriya,.
  • Green fodder based; e.g. – Maize – berseem- bajra.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 7 Crop Diversification

Question 3.
Write about the problems related to agriculture in Punjab.
Answer:
Problems related to agriculture in Punjab are as follows:

  • After green revolution Punjab remained stuck in the crop cycle of paddy and wheat. Due to cultivation of these two crops water table is going down and excess use of chemicals like weedicides, pesticides and fertilizers etc. has damaged the health of the soil and also badly affected the chemical and physical properties of the soil.
  • Area under oil seed crops and pulses is reducing.
  • Due to heavy rainfall in south-western zone there exists problem of soil erosion.
  • Water level is going down by 74 cm every year and farmers have to use submersible motor for lifting water,
  • which adds to the cost of cultivation.
  • New species of insectes and weeds are being generated.
  • Biodiversity is decreasing.
  • Climate changes are taking place.

Question 4.
What is integrated farming system? Describe in detail with examples.
Answer:
In Integrated farming system a farmer can adopt one or two additional enterprises other than agriculture. This way farmer can increase his income and his family members can also help in the “’enterprise. (Integrated forming system IFS) helps in meeting the nutritional food requirements of the family. Some of the enterprises which a farmer can adopt from:

  • Fish farming.
  • Cultivation of fruits
  • Cultivation of vegetables
  • Dairy farming
  • Rabbit farming
  • Pig farming
  • Goat farming
  • Bee keeping
  • Poultry farming
  • Agroforestry like, poplar.

Question 5.
What do you mean by inter cropping system? Describe with examples.
Answer:
Intercropping system. Inter cropping is also called mixed cropping system. Inter cropping is done to get high yield from small land holding, get higher income and to fulfil requirements of the population.

Due to increase in factories, expansion of residential areas, land under cultivation is decreasing day by day. Therefore, it is the need of the hour to obtain maximum yield from the available land. For this inter cropping is done e.g. Maize or moong, Arhar or moong, Soyabean or moong, Maize or soyabean, Maize or maize for green fodder or groundnut, Cotton or maize etc. Due to intercropping there is no bad effect on the yield of the main crop. This system helps in maintaining the soil fertility. Problem of weeds is also reduced to large extent.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Guide Crop Diversification Important Questions and Answers

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 7 Crop Diversification

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How much land is under the cultivation of rice?
Answer:
Approximately 28.3 lakhs hectare.

Question 2.
How much land is under the cultivation of wheat?
Answer:
Approximately 35.1 lakhs hectare.

Question 3.
For the last 50 years, at the cost of which crops area under the cultivation of rice has increased?
Answer:
Groundnut, oil seed crops, sugarcane, pulses.

Question 4.
How much water is consumed by rice-wheat crop cycle in a year?
Answer:
215 cm.

Question 5.
How much water is consumed by rice crop out of total water consumed in a year by rice-wheat crop cycle?
Answer:
80%

Question 6.
How much total area in Punjab is under the cultivation of various crops?
Answer:
41.58 lakhs hectare.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 7 Crop Diversification

Question 7.
In how many zones has Punjab been divided on agroclimatic basis?
Answer:
Three zones-sub mountainous zone, central zone, south-western zone.

Question 8.
Submountainous zone lies at foothills of which hill?
Answer:
Himalayan foothills.

Question 9.
How much area under sub-mountainous region is covered by Kandi belt?
Answer:
Approximately 9%

Question 10.
Which is the main crop cycle in Punjab?
Answer:
Wheat-rice.

Question 11.
Which crop rotation cycle is adopted in South-Western Zone?
Answer:
Cotton-Wheat.

Question 12.
What is the quality of ground water in south-western zone?
Answer:
Its is saline or saline sodic.

Question 13.
Name the crops used as green manure.
Answer:
Jantar, Rawanh (Cowpea).

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 7 Crop Diversification

Question 14.
If maize is to be sown then for how many days before green manure should be ploughed in the fields?
Answer:
8-10 days before sowing maize.

Question 15.
Dried bits of which crop can be used as green manure?
Answer:
Summer moong.

Question 16.
How much protein content is contained in soyabean?
Answer:
35-40%.

Question 17.
Which crop contributed a lot in bringing white revolution?
Answer:
Fodder crops.

Question 18.
How much fodder is given to cows and buffaloes on daily basis for higher milk yield?
Answer:
40 kg green fodder.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 7 Crop Diversification

Question 19.
Write vegetable based crop system for villages which are near to city.
Answer:
Cauliflower-tomato-ladyfinger.

Question 20.
Write vegetable based crop system for villages which are far away from city.
Answer:
Potato-ladyfinger-early sown cauliflower.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you know about Kandi area?
Answer:
It is the nearly 9% area under the sub-mountainous zone.

Question 2.
What is the problem found in central zone of Punjab?
Answer:
The cropping cycle adoped in this zone is of wheat-rice and due to this cycle underground water is going down at the rate of 74 cm per year.

Question 3.
Why is soyabean best alternate for rice crop?
Answer:
Rice yield is decreased due to attack of insects and pests and diseases. Therefore, soyabean is best alternate for rice crop.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 7 Crop Diversification

Question 4.
What is the advantage of inter cropping system?
Answer:
Inter cropping system is helpful in maintaining the fertility of the soil. Problem of weeds is also decreased to large extent.

Question 5.
Suggest vegetable cropping system for farms which are nearby city.
Answer:

  • Brinjal (long)- late cauliflower-bottle gourd
  • Potato – muskmelon
  • Spinach-knol khol- onion or green chilli or radish.
  • Cauliflower – tomato-ladyfinger.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Suggest maize based and soyabean based cropping systems.
Answer:
1. Maize based cropping system-
Some of the maize based cropping systems are:

  • Maize – Potato – Moong or sunflower.
  • Maize – Potato or toria – sunflower
  • Maize-potato – onion or mentha etc.

These cropping systems help in conserving the natural sources.

2. Soyabean based cropping system-
Soyabean based cropping system is-Soyabean – wheat- rawanh (Cowpea) (fodder)
Rice yield is decreased due to attack of insects and p@6ts and diseases. Therefore soyabean is best alternate for rice crop. Soyabean is a leguminous crop. It helps in fixing nitrogen in the soil and thus helps in maintaining the fertility of the soil. Soyabean is a good source of protein. It contains nearly 35-40% protein content. It is used to prepare soya milk, soya cheese, soyanutri etc.

PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Indian Olympic Association

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Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Chapter 6 Indian Olympic Association Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Physical Education Chapter 6 Indian Olympic Association

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
When Indian Olympic Association came into existence?
Answer:
In 1927.

Question 2.
Who was the first president of Indian Olympic Association?
Answer:
Sh. Dorab Ji Jotsi.

Question 3.
Who was the first Assistant Secretory of Indian Olympic Association?
Answer:
Sh. J.D. Sondhi.

PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Indian Olympic Association

Question 4.
The Office Bearers of Indian Olympic Association are elected after five years. (Right or Wrong.)
Answer:
Wrong.

Question 5.
Write any more work of I.O.A.
Answer:
To organise competition of different games and provide the information to International Olympic Committe.

Question 6.
What do you mean I.O.A.
Answer:
International Olympic Association.

PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Book Chapter 6 Indian Olympic Association

Question 7.
What stands for I.O.C?
Answer:
International Olympic Committee.

Question 8.
Write the name of one Sports Federations of your choice.
Answer:
Basket Ball Federation of India.

Question 9.
Name any two Indian Sport Federations which are affiliated with Indian Olympic Association.
Answer:

  • Indian Hockey Federation.
  • All India Football Association.

PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Indian Olympic Association

Question 10.
Write any one objective of Indian Olympic Committee.
Answer:
To promote Olympic Movement and patronise Amateur sport.

Question 11.
Where were the first modern Olympic games held?
Answer:
They were held in Athens, Greece in 1981.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write about C.K. Naidu Trophy.
Answer:
C.K. Naidu Trophy:
This tournament is organised by the Schools Games Federation of India every year. The trophy is named after a very outstanding and famous cricket player C.K. Naidu. This competition is for school boys and is conducted on knock-out basis. The losing team goes out of the tournament.

Question 2.
What do you know about Ranji Trophy?
Answer:
Ranji Trophy:
A meeting of sports lovers was held at Shimla in 1934 under the presidentship of Sir Sikandar Hyat. A proposal to conduct National Level Cricket Competition was discussed in this meeting. Maharaja Sir Bhupinder Singh of Patiala decided to donate a trophy in the name of Mr. Ranjit Singh, who was very outstanding cricketer, for the national level cricket tournament.

This competition is organised every year by the Cricket Control Board. It is organised on inter-state level on league basis. The winner teams of the states from their zone again play on knock out basis. The state of Maharashtra (Bombay) have won this trophy more than fifteen times. The Railways Sports Board also participate in the tournament.

PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Indian Olympic Association

Question 3.
Write few lines regarding Santosh Trophy.
Answer:
Santosh Trophy:
The king of Kooch Bihar Maharaja Santosh donated a trophy for National Football Competition which became very famous as Santosh Trophy. This tournament is organised by one of the members of Indian Football Association every year. All the different. states of India, Railways and Senior teams participate in this tournament. This tournament is organised on knock-out cum league basis. Bengal has won this trophy many times and Punjab won this championship in 1970 at Jalandhar.

Question 4.
What do you know about Rovers Cup?
Answer:
Rovers Cup:
This Football tournament is organised every year by Rovers Cup Tournament Committee. All good teams from different parts of the country participate in this competition which is organised as knock out cum league basis.

Question 5.
Write regarding Subroto Mukerjee Cup.
Answer:
Subroto Mukerjee Cup:
It is also known as Junior Durand Competition. This tournament is organised to commend the sweet memory of Air Marshall Subroto Mukerjee. This tournament is organised every year in Delhi by Durand Committee. In this tournament upto Sixteen year old players can take part. The very outstanding players of this tournament awarded scholarships by the Govt, of India.

PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Indian Olympic Association

Question 6.
Write a note on Ranga Swami Cup (National Hockey Championship)
Answer:
Ranga Swami Cup (National Hockey Championship):
Indian Hockey Association organised first National Hockey Championship in 1927. This competition is famous as National Hockey Competition. A citizen of Newzealand named Mooris presented a shield for the winners of National Competition in 1935. This competition was organised after every two years from 1928-1944.

In 1946 the Punjab state won this championship and the shield of this competition was lying with the then secretary of Mr. Bakshish Ali Sheikh. After the partition of India in 1947 this shield remained in Pakistan. After the partition the owners of “The Sports and Pastime” and “The Hindu” and Chennai (Madras) donated a new cup for this competition in the honour of Chief Editor Late Sh. Ranga Swami.

For this reason National Hockey Championship is known as Ranga Swami Cup Tournament. Since 1947, National Hockey Championship has been organised every year. Uttar Pradesh won this championship for first time and Punjab had an honour to win this championship in 1949. This competition was earlier organised on knock out basis but these days it is organised on League cum Knock out basis.

Question 7.
What do you know about Agha Khan Cup?
Answer:
Agha Khan Cup:
Maharaja Agha Khan had donated a cup in 1860 for the first time for the competition. This tournament became famous as Agha Khan Cup after his name. The Charlier Regiment won this cup permanently in 1912. Maharaj Agha Khan donated another cup for the competition. The winning team of this championship is awarded the same cup these days. The Bombay Gymkhana had an honour to win this cup for the first time. The Punjab Police won this Agha Khan cup in 1948. This tournament is organised by the Agha Khan tournament Committee. The most outstanding teams of India participate in this tournament. This tournament is organised as knock out basis.

PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Indian Olympic Association

Question 8.
Write about Bombay Gold Cup or All India Nehru Senior Hockey Competition.
Answer:
Bombay Gold Cup:
Bombay state got prepared a Gold Cup worth 10,000/- from its provincial funds and donated it for the competition which became famous as Bombay Gold Cup Tournament. This competition is organised by the Bombay (Now Maharashtra) Hockey Association every year. Lousit Anion Club Bombay won this prestigious cup the first time. Punjab Hawks had an honour to win this cup in 1928. This competition is organised on knock cum league basis.

All India Nehru Senior Hockey Competition:
This tournament originated in 1964 in the sacred memory of Late Prime Minister Sh. Jawahar Lal Nehru. In the sacred memory of Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru this tournament was named Nehru Hockey Competition. This competition is organised on knock-out cum league basis. Very outstanding teams participate in this tournament. Uttar Pradesh had the honour to win the inaugural championship. The prize distribution is performed by the President of India every year in this competition.

Question 9.
Write a note on the following:
1. All India Nehru Junior Hockey Competition
2. Beigton Cup.
Answer:
1. All India Nehru Junior Hockey Competition:
Nehru Hockey Tournament Committee organises this Junior Hockey Competition every year in Delhi. In this competition only 14-16 year old players can take part. The outstanding teams of different states participate in this tournament. The Education Dept, of Govt, of India gives scholarship to all outstanding sports persons. The final match of this tournament is played on 14th November on the birthday of Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru.

2. Beigton Cup:
This is the oldest competition of our country which was organised for the first time in 1895. This cup was donated by Legal Advisor Sh. T.D. Beigton of Bengal. For this reason this tournament is known as Beigton Cup Tournament. Naval V.A.C. won this cup on the first occasion, Unfortunately this original cup was stolen from Railway Institute Asansole but Railway Institute has donated another same type of cup for the competition which is awarded to the winners of this tournament even today. This competition is organised every year by the West Bengal Hockey Association on knock out basis. Very outstanding teams take part in this competition. Punjab Police got an opportunity to win this cup in 1966.

PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Indian Olympic Association

Question 10.
What do you know about Durand Cup Competition?
Answer:
Durand Cup:
This cup was donated by the Foreign Secretary of British India Mr. Mortimor Durand in 1895 for the competition of British soldiers. Firstly this competition was played at Shimla. The name of this tournament was Shimla Tournament. This competiton was organised in Delhi after 1950. The Regiment of Black Begh won this cup permanently in 1899.

Afterwards Mr. Mortimor donated another cup for this competition. In this tournament after 1931, civilians teams also started taking part along with military teams. Patiala Tigers got opportunity to participate in this tournament as civilian team. This tournament is organised every year on knock-out cum league basis. Very outstanding teams of the country and abroad participate in this tournament.

Question 11.
Write a note on sports competitions in India.
Answer:
Everybody possesses a spirit of competition. This spirit inspires him to take steps forward for his progress in his life. This spirit also helps him to get honours in his life. The competitions were held in Ancient India, some of which were in very bad taste. In combat a player used to kill his opponent. But with the passage of time the spirit of brotherhood emerged in sports competitions. The competition satisfied the emotions of person these days. In these competitions he can get skill and become experts.

He become successful in his best performance in the field of sports. These competitions not only provide recreation but also make him healthy. In Ancient times. Horse Riding, Archery, Javelin throwing and wrestling were most popular activities. The competition of these events were organised. With the passage of time and due to the Britishers contact with Indians the game of Hockey, Foot Ball and Cricket became popular and national level competition of these games are organised these days.

Long Answer Type Questions

PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Indian Olympic Association

Question 1.
Write in detail about Indian Olympic Association.
Answer:
Modern Olympic Games came into existence in the Greek city of Athens in 1896. Mr. Baron de Coubertin made a great contribution in the revival of Olymplic games. India took part in Olympic in 1900. The Indian Olympic Association. The Indian Olympic Association was founded in 1927. It came into existence with the efforts of Sh. A.G. Neohren and Mr. H.C. Buck. Its first President was Mr. Dorabji Tata. Mr. G.D. Sondhi was its Assistant Secretary. This Association has been working since 1927, and is affiliated to International Olympic Association.

Selection of Office Bearers:
The office bearers of this Association are selected for four years.,Nobody can hold a post for more than eight years. In other words, nobody can participate in the election for more than two terms. National Sports Federations and State Sports Associations are affiliated to their respective International Sports Federations. The National Federations have state-level bodies in their respective games such as State Olympic Association, etc. They control the organization of tournaments in states.

Working:
Its office bearers are elected every fourth year.
The following are the members of its Executive Council:

  • President
  • Seven Vice-Presidents
  • One General Secretary
  • Two Assistant Secretaries
  • One Honorary Treasurer
  • Five members are elected from among the representatives of State Olympic Associations.
  • Nine members are elected from among the representatives of National Federation/Associations and Service Sports Control Board.

The members of this association are elected for four years. No office bearer can hold his post for more than two consecutive terms or eight years.

Functions of Indian Olympic Association:

  • To organise Amateur Sport competition in India and conform them to the international Olympic Committee.
  • To make plans. To make short term and long term plans with the help and co-operation of State Olympic Association for non professional players.
  • To use Olympic Flag and the motto on behalf of India and settle all issues regarding dispute of any state Olympic Association and follow the Olympic chart.
  • To establish different state Olympic Associations in all states and supervise their expenditure.
  • To allow All Associations of different games to participate in international competitions and give financial assistance for these competitions.
  • This committee insists that every year Olympic week must be celebrated in the month of August. The Olympic movement and its Philosophy must be popularised among Indians.

PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Indian Olympic Association

Question 2.
Describe the main Objectives of Indian Olympic Association.
Answer:
Objectives:
This Association has been constituted with the following objectives in view:
1. For the progress of the Olympic Movement and development of Amateur Games.

2. For the encouragement and promotion of physical, moral and cultural education of the youth in order to make them good and healthy citizens of high character.

3. For enforcing all rules formulated by International Olympic Association.

4. To protect and enforce the right of the use of Olympic flag and insignia only by the association. To ensure that both remain confined to Olympic games.

5. To function fully like a government organization, and take hold of all the matters pertaining to the Olympic games in the country.

6. To apprise the countrymen with the value and importance of Amateur games.

7. To control all Indian sports teams and their organization with the co-operation of Indian Sports Federations and Associations the teams which fall under International Olympic Committee and which participate in Olympic games and such other games.

8. To enforce rules with the co-operation of national sports federations, and associations.

9. To maintain the high ideals of sports and promote the interest of the people in Olympic games and those games which are under the patronage of International Olympic Committee.

10.To control all matters relating to India’s Participation in the Olympic games and those games falling under the patronage of International Olympic Committee.

11.To arrange with the co-operation of national sports federations and associations economic assistance, transportation, care and welfare of those Indian teams which take part in the Olympic games and other games falling under the patronage of International Olympic Committee.

12. It certifies Indian players participating in international competitions as regards to their amateur level.

13. It promotes the people’s interest in Olympic games, and towards this objective it forms Olympic Association in each state and a National Amateur Sports Federation.

14. It acts as a mediator between National Sports Federation and Indian Govt, for financial assistance.

15. It affiliates the state-level Olympic Associations and National Amateur Sports Federation. The state level Olympic

16. Associations and National Amateur Sports Federation send their annual reports to the International Olympic Association.

17. It initiates disciplinary action against that Federation that brings dishonour through some improper deed.

18. It will do anything to promote Amateur Sports and games.

PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Indian Olympic Association

Question 3.
What do you know about Olympic Chart?
Answer:
Olympic Chart:
All sports competitions at the national and international levels are organized under the supervision of National Sports Federation and Indian Olympic Association. There is no discrimination of caste, colour, and creed, etc. in it. But the Olympic Chart is silent over the question of governmental intervention in case National Sports Federation and Indian Olympic Association function in a way as to hurt the interests of sports in the country.

But the members of the International Olympic Committee have time and again said that the government which provides funds to various sports organization should remain vigilant as to how these funds are being utilized. The government can supervise the functioning of all sports bodies. The International Federation seeks the views of the government when National Sports Federation (N.S.F.) and Indian Olympic Association (I.O.A.) fail to perform their duties, or when opposite Federations come into being.

The government of the country in which international games such as Asian Games are being held holds such responsibility. The government should provide adequate financial help to federations so that sports and games may be developed in the country. It should not remain a silent spectator if National Sports Federation (N.S.F.) and Indian Olympic Association (I.O.A.) fail to discharge their duties properly, such as in the fair selection of teams and their training. Keeping in view these points, the government has framed certain guidelines for these sports bodies, but it is pity that many a time these guidelines are totally ignored.

PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Indian Olympic Association

Question 4.
Describe the functions of All Indian Sports Federations or State Sports Associations.
Answer:
All Indian Sports Federation and State Sports Associations are affiliated to their respective international sports Federation. All sports Federations have established their State Associations in all states of India just like state Olympic Association.

Functions:
1. To Conduct Competitions: To conduct senior and juniors sports competitions every year at district, state and national levels.

2. Planning: To frame a One-year and Four-year plans to prepare a national team.

3. To arrange equipment:
To arrange equipment and other essential items to raise the standard of games. If some items are to be imported from abroad, these are to be got through Indian Olympic Association or Neta Ji Subash National Institute of Sports, Patiala with the help of Union Education Ministry.

4. Attendance of Selectors: It ensures the attendance of its selectors at the Senior or Junior level competitions at the state or national level.

5. Prepare and Publish List of Probabilities: To prepare and publish national and international probabilities.

6. To appoint National Coach: Each National Federation/ Association will appoint a National Coach.

7. Help in Selection of National Teams:
It will help Indian Olympic Association (I.O.A.) and All India Council of Sports (A.I.C.S.) to select national teams for international competitions.

8. To Frame Rules of Games: In co-operation with Neta Ji Subash National Institute of Sports, Patiala, it frames rules of games.

9. Training of Umpires and Coaches:
It helps Neta Ji Subash National Institute of Sports, Patiala and Indian Olympic Association in the training of umpires and coaches.

10. To Prepare a Panel of Selectors: It prepares a panel of selectors purely on merit basis.

11. Selection of Office Bearers:
The selection of its office bearers should be done according to the constitution of the Federation. At the time of selection it should invite one observer each from Indian Olympic Association (I.O.A.) and All India Council of Sports (A.I.C.S.)

12. Settling Disputes:
If there is some dispute in some Sports Federation, it is referred to I.O.A. or I.I.C.S. Its decision has to be obeyed. If there is some dispute between Indian Olympic Association and National Sports Federation, it is referred to and decided by All India Council of Sports (A.I.C.S.).

13. Audit of Accounts: It is the responsibility of the Federation to present the audited report of its accounts in time.

PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Indian Olympic Association

Question 5.
Write the names of different Associations of India which are affiliated with Indian Olympic Associations.
Answer:
Federations or Associations Regarding Different Games or Sports. The various Federations or Associations of different games or sports are as follow:

  • The Indian Hockey Federation, 1925
  • The All India Football Federation, 1937
  • The Swimming Federation of India, 1940
  • The Amateur Athletic Federation of India, 1544
  • The Wrestling Federation of India, 1948
  • The Volleyball Federation of India, 1951
  • The Basketball Federation of India, 1950
  • The National Rifle Association of India, 1953
  • The Gymnastic Federation of India, 1951
  • The Indian Amateur Boxing Federation, 1958
  • The National Cycle Federation, 1938
  • The Board of Control for Cricket in India, 1926
  • The All India Tennis Association, 1920
  • The Table Tennis Federation of India, 1938
  • The All India Badminton Association, 1934
  • The Indian Hand Ball Association, 1969-70
  • The Archery Association, 1968
  • The Kabaddi Federation of India, 1951-52
  • The Indian Polo Association, 1892
  • The Indian Weight Lifting Federation, 1935
  • The Indian Billiards Association, 1940
  • The Indian Squash Racket Association, 1953

In addition to the above Federations and Associations, there are some national level sports bodies which have their own identity-

  • The Service Sports Control Boards, 1919 (restructured in 1945)
  • School Games Federation of India, 1954
  • Inter Varsity Sports Control Board.
  • The Railway Sports Control Board.
  • All India Police Sports Council Board.

Similarly, there are associations of different games in different states. They are affiliated to National Sports Federation/Association. Their chief functions are to organise Inter-District sports competitions in their respective states, organize coaching camps, and ensure the participation of state teams in national level competitions.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances

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Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances

Science Guide for Class 6 PSEB Motion and Measurement of Distances Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 103)

Question 1.
The length of a curved line can be measured by a metre scale directly. (True/False)
Answer:
False.

Question 2.
The metre is standard unit of length. (True/False)
Answer:
True.

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide Motion and Measurement of Distances Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercise – 1

1. Fill in the Blanks :

(a) One metre is ………………… cm.
Answer:
100

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances

(b) Five kilometre is ………………. m.
Answer:
5000

(c) Motion of a child on a swing is ……………….
Answer:
Periodic motion

(d) Motion of the needle of a sewing machine is ……………….
Answer:
Periodic motion

(e) Motion of wheel of a bicycle is ……………..
Answer:
Circular motion

2. Write True or False:

(a) Handspan or foot step are standard units of measurement.
Answer:
False

(b) Standard unit of length is metre.
Answer:
True

(c) Motion of train on railway track is an example of linear motion.
Answer:
True

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances

(d) Length of a curved line can be measured by a scale.
Answer:
False

(e) Motion of hands of a clock is a circular motion.
Answer:
True

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

Column A Column B
1. Metre (a) Periodic Motion
2. Circular Motion (b) Length
3. 1 Km (c) Linear Motion
4. Train on track (d) Hands of Clock
5. Swing (e) 1000 m

Answer:

Column A Column B
1. Metre (b) Length
2. Circular Motion (d) Hands of Clock
3. 1 Km (e) 1000 m
4. Train on track (c) Linear Motion
5. Swing (a) Periodic Motion

Exercise – 2

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
In motor vehicles which of the following is used for measuring the distance covered by the vehicle ?
(a) Speedometer
(b) Odometer
(c) Thermometer
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Odometer

Question (ii)
A student want to take the measurements of a brick, for this purpose which unit he should use ?
(a) Kilometre
(b) Meter
(c) Centimetre
(d) Hand span.
Answer:
(c) Centimetre

Question (iii)
Which one among the following is false ?
(a) 1000 m = 1 km
(b) 100 mm = 1 cm
(c) 100 cm = 1 m
(d) 10 mm = 1 cm.
Answer:
(b) 100 mm = 1 cm

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances

Question (iv)
The motion of wings of a moving fan is …………….
(a) Circular Motion
(b) Linear Motion
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Circular Motion.

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Name some means of transport used in ancient time.
Answer:
Ancient means of transport :

  1. Bullock Cart,
  2. Hand drawn and hand pushed carts,
  3. Palanquin carried by men,
  4. Boats made of wood,
  5. walked on foot,
  6. rode on animals back (horse and donkey),
  7. Tonga, (8) Coracles.

Question (ii)
Give two examples of periodic motion.
Answer:
Examples of Periodic motion :
(1) Motion of simple pendulum
(2) Up and down motion of needle of sewing machine.
(3) Motion of swing.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Give two examples of transport used on land, water and air.
Answer:
Examples of transport :
(1) On land : (a) Bus, (b) Car, (c) Train.
(2) On Water : (a) Ship, (b) Boat.
(3) In Air : (a) Aeroplane, (b) Helicopter.

Question (ii)
What is distance ?
Answer:
Distance. It is measurement of length between two points. It is also a length and S.l. unit of distance is metre.

Question (iii)
Arrange the following lengths in their incresing magnitude :
1 metre, 1 centimetre, 1 kilometre, 1 millimetre.
Answer:
Arrangement of lengths in increasing magnitude :
1 millimeter < 1 centimeter < 1 metre < 1 kilometer.

Question (iv)
Write the similarities and differences between the motion of a bicycle and a ceiling fan that has been switched on.
Answer:
Both bicycle and ceiling fan have circular motion. But wheel of a bi-cycle also performs linear motion on the road which is not undertaken by ceiling fan.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances

Question (v)
The distance between Radha’s home and her school is 3250 m. Express this distance into km.
Solution.
Distance between Radha’s home and school = 3250 m
= \(\frac{3250}{1000}\) km [∵ 1 km – 1000 m]
= 3.250 km
Answer:

7. Long Answer Type Questions :

Question (i)
Describe what precautions should be taken while measuring length or breadth of an object.
Answer:
The following precautions must be taken while using a metre scale for measuring length :
(1) The scale should be placed close and along the length of the object to be measured.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances 1

(2) If the ends of the scale are broken then in such a case one should coincide any other full mark of the scale with one edge of the object. The correct length is obtained by subtracting the reading of the mark from the reading coinciding with the other end of the object.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances 2

(3) The eye must be kept on the end point of the object where the measurement is to be taken.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances 3

Question (ii)
How many types of motion are there ? Give examples for each type.
Answer:
Different types of motion that we generally observe in our daily life are given below :
1. Linear Motion,
2. Circular Motion,
3. Periodic Motion.

1. Linear Motion. The motion of an object in a straight line is called Linear Motion.
Examples :
(a) A car or bus moving on a straight road.
(b) An athlete running on a straight track.
(c) Train running on straight track.

2. Circular Motion. Motion of an object on a circular path is called circular motion.
Examples :
(a) Motion of blades of a ceiling fan.
(b) Motion of hands of a wall clock.
(c) Motion of stone tied to the string when whirled around.

3. Periodic Motion. When an object repeats its motion after a fixed interval of time is said to have Periodic Motion.
Examples :
(a) The motion of a swing.
(b) Motion of needle of a sewing machine.
(c) Heart beat.
(d) The revolution of earth around the sun.

Question (iii)
Write an activity for measuring the length of a curved line.
Answer:
Measuring length of curved line using a thread :
The following steps should be taken while measuring the length of a curved line :
(1) Take a long, thick piece of thread.
(2) Tie a knot at one end of the thread.
(3) Place this knot on one point of curve, let it be A.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances 4
(4) Place small portion of thread along the line using fingers and thumb.
(5) Hold the thread at this end point with one hand.
(6) Using other hand, stretch a little more portion of thread along the curved line.
(7) Repeat this process till you reach the other end of line, let it be point B,
(8) Mark the point on the thread with ink.
(9) Stretch this thread on a metre scale and measure the length between the knot and the end mark on the thread. This is the length of the curved line.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances

Question (iv)
Why handspan or foot steps cannot be used as standard units of measurement ?
Answer:
A standard unit must be same at all places so that it is understood similarly by different persons. If a length is measured by handspans or foot steps of different person it will not be the same.
As their measure is not fixed and varies from person to person. So handspan and foot step cannot be considered as a standard unit of measurement.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Motion and Measurement of Distances Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
Which of the following is a standard unit of length ?
(a) Decimeter
(b) Centimeter
(c) Millimeter
(d) Metre.
Answer:
(d) Metre.

Question 2.
1 kilometre = ……………..
(a) 100 m
(b) 1000 m
(c) 100 cm
(d) 10 mm.
Answer:
(b) 1000 m

Question 3.
Length of curved line can be measured by:
(a) Tailors measuring Tape
(b) Metre scale
(c) Thread
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Thread

Question 4.
The means of transportation used in water surface is:
(a) Aeroplane
(b) Boat
(c) Train
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Boat

Question 5.
The motion of a child on a swing is:
(a) Circular motion
(b) Periodic motion
(c) Linear motion
(d) Both Circular motion and Linear motion.
Answer:
(b) Periodic motion

Question 6.
1 millimetre is what part of one metre ?
(a) \(\frac{1}{10}\)th
(b) \(\frac{1}{100}\)th
(c) \(\frac{1}{1000}\)th
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) \(\frac{1}{1000}\)th

Question 7.
To express the distance between Delhi and Mumbai, the standard unit of length used would be :
(a) Metre
(b) Quintal
(c) Kilometer
(d) Kilogram.
Answer:
(c) Kilometer

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances

Question 8.
The precaution while measuring length with metre scale is:
(a) Correct position of eye
(b) Correct position of eye and proper end of metre scale
(c) Only correct end of meter scale
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Correct position of eye and proper end of metre scale

Question 9.
The SI unit of length is :
(a) Kilometre
(b) Centimetre
(c) Metre
(d) Inch.
Answer:
(c) Metre

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) Curved lengths are measured by using a ……………… .
Answer:
thread

(b) Linear motion is the movement of the object in a …………….. .
Answer:
straight line

(c) The motion of blades of ceiling fan is an example of ………………. .
Answer:
circular motion

(d) The revolution of earth around the sun is an example of ……………… .
Answer:
Periodic motion

(e) Motion is the change in …………………. of an object in comparison to surrounding with time.
Answer:
position.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances

Write (T) against true and (F) against false statements :

(a) Swinging of our arms forward and backward is an example of a periodic motion.
Answer:
False

(b) Periodic motion helps us to measure time.
Answer:
True

(c) Metre is a convenient scale for measuring long distances.
Answer:
False

(d) S.I. unit of length is centimeter.
Answer:
False

(e) Vehicle moving on a straight road is an example of linear motion.
Answer:
True

Match the following :

Column A Column B
(1) Metre An ancient unit of measuring length
(2) Motion Motion of tip of ceiling fan blade
(3) Circular Motion S.I. Unit of length
(4) Linear Motion State of moving objects
(5) Hand span Apple falling from a tree.

Answer:
(1) Metre – S.I. Unit of length
(2) Motion – State of moving objects
(3) Circular Motion – Motionof tip of ceiling fan blade
(4) Linear Motion – Apple falling from a tree
(5) Hand span – An ancient unit of measuring length.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the S.I. unit of length.
Answer:
S.I. unit of length is metre.

 

Question 2.
State the unit of distance used in each of the following cases :
(i) The height of a person
(ii) The height of mountain peak
(iii) The distance between Mumbai and Delhi.
Answer:
(i) Centimetre,
(ii) Metre,
(iii) Kilometre.

Question 3.
What type of motion does the wheel of a bicycle perform ?
Answer:
The wheel of moving bicycle performs simultaneously circular motion and linear motion.

Question 4.
Can we measure the length of a curved line directly with a metre scale ?
Answer:
No, we cannot measure the length of a curved line directly with a metre scale.

Question 5.
What type of measuring device would you use to measure the girth of a tree ?
Answer:
We can make use of either a measuring tape or a thread and metre scale to measure girth of a tree.

Question 6.
What type of motion does striker of a carrom game execute when it moves ?
Answer:
Striker in the game of carroms moves in a straight line and therefore, its motion is linear motion.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why is it necessary to have standard units of measurement ?
Answer:
Measurement means comparing a given quantity with another known quantity of the same kind. For the same measurement, a variety of objects can be used. But when you tell others about the measurement made by you, they will not be able to understand how much the actual measurement is. Thus to make others understand for the sake of uniformity, there is a necessity of having standard units of measurement.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances

Question 2.
Name two types of motions of the Earth.
Answer:
The earth has two types of motion :

  1. Motion of the earth around the Sun. It repeats after a fixed interval of time. So, it is called periodic motion.
  2. Motion of the earth around its axis. This motion is both periodic and circular motion as it is repeated after a same interval of time and it is along an orbit.

Question 3.
Write precautions needed while using a metre scale.
Answer:
Precautions to be taken while using a metre scale are :

  • The eye position should be correct.
  • The scale should be placed properly parallel to the length.
  • The scale must not have broken end. In case of broken end, any other complete mark must be taken as the initial reading coinciding with the first end.

Question 4.
The height of a person is 1.65 m. Express it into cm and mm.
Answer:
1.65 m = 1.65 × 100 = 165 cm [∵ 1 m = 100 cm]
1.65 m = 1.65 × 1000 — 1650 mm. [∵ 1 m = 1000 mm]

Question 5.
While measuring the length of a knitting needle, the reading of the scale at one end is 3.0 cm and at the other end is 33.1 cm. What is the length of the needle ?
Answer:
The length of the needle is = (33.1 – 3) cm = 30.1 cm.

Question 6.
What were different units used for measurement of length in ancient times ?
Answer:
Units for measurement in ancient times were:

  1. length of a foot.
  2. the width of fingers.
  3. distance of a step.
  4. cubit.
  5. yard etc.

Question 7.
Give two examples each, of modes of transport used on land, water and air.
Answer:
Modes of transport.

  1. On land are Bus, Car.
  2. On Water. Motorized boats and ships are used as means of transport on water.
  3. In Air. Aeroplanes and helicopters are used as means of transport in air.

Question 8.
Classify the motion of the following objects into linear motion, circular motion and Periodic motion:
Motion of child on swing, motion of a plough, motion of the needle of a sewing machine, motion of a deer, motion of earth, motion of an electric fan.
Answer:
Linear motion. Motion of a deer, motion of a plough.
Circular motion. Motion of the earth, motion of an electric fan.
Periodic motion. Motion of child on the swing, motion of the needle of a sewing machine.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Which things were being used for measurement in ancient times ?
Answer:
In ancient times length of the foot, the width of finger and distance of a step, were used for measurement.

During the Harappa civilization, some exact unit of length must have been chosen as proved by geometrical structures procured during excavation.

The length from one end of the finger to elbow, called cubit was also used as a unit of measure in ancient Egypt. It was also accepted in some other parts of the world.

In a different parts of the world, ‘foot’ was also taken as a unit of measurement of length. Different areas have a different measures of the foot.

People used to measure a yard of cloth with an open arm upto the chin. Romans measured length with their steps.

In ancient India, small measures of lengths were taken by the width of fingers or fists. These days also in some cities of India, flower sellers can be seen measuring the length of flower garlands with their arms. For convenience sake, different parts of the body have been used for measurement.

Because every person has a different measure of body parts so problems occurred during measurement. In 1970, French people invented a measurement scale known as ‘Metric System.