Class 7

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 18 Democracy and Equality

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Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Social Science Book Solutions Civics Chapter 18 Democracy and Equality Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 18 Democracy and Equality

SST Guide for Class 7 PSEB Democracy and Equality Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in 1-15 words.

Question 1.
What do you understand by democracy?
Answer:
In a democracy, the government belongs to the people, the government runs according to the will of the people. The rule of law prevails in this system. The rights and duties of each and everybody are well defined. The govt, works for the welfare of the people. Abraham Lincoln says, “It is the govt, of the people, for the people and by the people.”

Question 2.
What do you know about the ‘Rule of Law’?
Answer:
It means there are predetermined laws and by-laws which cannot be violated. The government runs according to these rules and these are written in the Constitution of India. The Constitution can be amended by a majority of people’s representatives. The government derives its powers from the Constitution.

Question 3.
What is the importance of Universal Adult Franchise?
Answer:
Modem democracy is the representative democracy, also known as indirect democracy. The citizens elect their representatives, who run the government and make laws. These are elected through voting. If the government is incapable then it can be changed through the right to franchise. So this right plays a great role in modem democracy.

Question 4.
What is the importance of public opinion in democracy?
Answer:
Public opinion means the will of the people. The policies are formulated on the basis of public opinion. If the government chooses to ignore the public opinion, it loses the general elections and is easily changed.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 18 Democracy and Equality

Question 5.
In which country there is still ‘Direct Democracy’?
Answer:
In this system, all citizens directly participate in the law making process, as well as government making process. When the population increases, such kind of democracy becomes very difficult to adopt. Still, in Switzerland, there is the existence of direct democracy.

II. Answer the following questions in 50-60 words :

Question 1.
Write short note on the emergence of democracy.
Answer:
The beginning of democracy was in Athens, city of Ancient Greece. The democracy there is almost 2500 years old. It is said that in Athens, the general public would hold meetings many times in a year. Here, the decisions were taken directly by the people for running the administration. Such democracy is known as direct democracy. At that time it was possible because the population was less and people could gather at one place and take decisions. Direct democracy was possible also because the women, the foreigners and the slaves had no right to participate in the administration. But today direct democracy is not possible.

Question 2.
Where and when democracy emerged?
Answer:
First of all, it was established in Greece in Athens city. The democracy there is almost 2500 years old. The people of Athens would gather many times in a single year and hold meetings. In these meetings they would take decisions about how to run the management of the state.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 18 Democracy and Equality

Question 3.
Write name of four types of democracy on the basis of classification.
Answer:
1. Presidential type of Government: In this, the President is directly elected by the people. He is the real ruler of the state. So, the President and the ministers are not from a single political party. Such type of presidential form of government is in America. The President here is more powerful than the Indian President.

2. Parliamentary type of Government: In this, the Parliament is the most powerful organ. The President is just for the name only. The real power is in the hands of Prime Minister. All members of the council of ministers are taken from the Parliament or legislatures. So, there remains a co-ordination between legislatures and executives.

3. Unitary type of Government: In it, there is division of powers between the state and the centre. But centre is more powerful than the states. The Indian Constitution is federal in nature. But in times of emergency, the powers of central government increase.

4. Federal Government: Here the Constitution is written and rigid. There is division of power among centre and the states. Every state has its own government. In India also, there is federal government.

Question 4.
Write about any two features of the Democracy.
Answer:
1. Enlightened Citizens: In democracy, all the citizens are aware about their rights and duties. They are matured enough to run the administration efficiently.

2. Matured Leadership: Leaders in democracy are also mature because matured leaders are very much necessary to run democratic system efficiently.

Question 5.
Write your views about Economic and Social Equality.
Answer:
1. Social equality: It means all people are equal in society. Nobody can be discriminated on the basis of place of birth, colour of skin, religion, caste and sex. All people are useful organs of the society. No person can be given special status.

2. Economic Equality: It means there should be no difference between the rich and the poor. No class of the society should be exploited. It also means that means of production should not be limited in the hands of a few people. All should have equal opportunities of earning employment.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 18 Democracy and Equality

Question 6.
Why democracy is the most popular form of government in modern times?
Answer:
Today most countries in the world have democratic governments. Such government is welfare-oriented and gives special importance to human rights and freedom. All are treated as equal in the eyes of law. The following are the main features that make democracy very popular :
1. Equality: There is no rich, poor, religious or caste division in democracy. All are equal in the eyes of law.

2. Freedom: People are free from every aspect. They can do any business, can live in any area, can express their ideas freely. But in dictatorship, people have to abide by the ruling of the dictator.

3. The process of making decisions: The decision-making process is in the hands of the people. People choose their representatives and send them to legislatures. The majority party makes the government and runs the administration. The govt, works as per the wishes of general public. If the government does not work properly then it can be changed.

4. Active participation by citizens: All electorates can fight elections or cast then- votes according to their wishes. All are equal participants in the administration of the government but in dictatorship it does not happen.

5. To remove altercations: The ideas of others are respected. Nobody is compelled to adopt anything. The ruling party considers the suggestions of opposition parties as important and the opposition party also co-operates with the ruling party. So, ideological differences are cleared amicably.

6. Growth of human dignity: Freedom, equality and fraternity are the main principles of democracy. Here there is political, social as well as economic freedom and equality. The right to employment is available to everybody. The economically weaker sections of the society are given reservations in jobs. So, these steps increase the human dignity.

III. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
In India head of the country is elected for a fixed time (five years) because of this India is called ______
Answer:
Democratic Republic

Question 2.
The nominal executive head of Central Govt, is and heads of State Govt’s are ______
Answer:
President, Governors

Question 3.
Democracy originated in city of ______
Answer:
Athens

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 18 Democracy and Equality

Question 4.
______ is the country where there is Direct Democracy.
Answer:
Switzerland

Question 5.
The basic principle of Democracy is ______ and ______
Answer:
Rule of law, Accountability.

IV. True/False :

Question 1.
India is a democratic Republic.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Switzerland is the only country where there is Direct Democracy.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
To cast vote is a Universal Adult Franchise to only some persons.
Answer:
False.

Question 4.
In a Democratic country Rule of Law prevails.
Answer:
True

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 18 Democracy and Equality

Question 5.
Modern Democracy has emerged firstly in France.
Answer:
False.

V. Multiple Choice Questions :

Question 1.
Democracy is a government , “of the people, by the people and for the people.” Who spoke these words.
(a) Abrahim Lincoln
(b) Laski
(c) David Fasten.
Answer:
(a) Abrahim Lincoln.

Question 2.
Which is the most popular form of government in modern times?
(a) Dictatorship
(b) Democracy
(c) Military Rule.
Answer:
(b) Democracy

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 18 Democracy and Equality

Question 3.
How many types of heads of state in parliamentary democratic countries?
(a) Four
(6) Five
(c) Two.
Answer:
(c) Two.

VI. Activities:

Question 1.
Prepare a list of 10 Democratic Countries.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 2.
Discuss about the success of Indian Democracy with your teacher.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Guide Democracy and Equality Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
India is a ______ country.
(a) Democratic
(b) Monarchical
(c) Dictatorship
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Democratic.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 18 Democracy and Equality

Question 2.
In a democracy, power lies in the hands of the
(a) Government
(6) People
(c) Leaders
(d) President.
Answer:
(b) People.

Question 3.
Democracy exists :
(а) In 70 Countries
(б) In Europe only
(c) In the majority countries of the world
(d) In the whole world.
Answer:
(c) In the majority countries of the world.

Question 4.
Which of these is a feature of democracy?
(а) Franchise based on property, qualification
(b) Franchise based on educational qualification
(c) Landlords are the voters
(d) Universal Adult Franchise.
Answer:
(d) Universal Adult Franchise.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 18 Democracy and Equality

Question 5.
In ______ democracy, public itself manages the administration.
(a) Direct
(b) Indirect
(c) Referendum
(d) Monarchical.
Answer:
(a) Direct.

Question 6.
______ is more important in democracy.
(a) Election
(b) Referendum
(c) Franchise based on property
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Election.

Question 7.
______ is the real executive of government.
(a) President
(b) Prime Minister
(c) Parliament
(d) People.
Answer:
(a) President.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write two features of democracy.
Answer:

  1. The administration is in the hands of people.
  2. The policy decisions are taken according to the wishes of the public.

Question 2.
Write the types of democracy.
Answer:

  1. Direct Democracy.
  2. Indirect or Representative Democracy.

Question 3.
What is the difference between direct and indirect democracies?
Answer:
In direct democracies, people themselves take decisions. But in Indirect democracies, people take decisions through their elected representatives.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 18 Democracy and Equality

Question 4.
Write the names of chiefs of the country in a democratic setup.
Answer:
The are two types of chiefs given ahead :

  1. The real chief,
  2. Chief in name only or Nominal Chief.

Like in our country, chief in name is President of the country and Governors of the states. And the real chief is Prime Minister of the country and Chief Minister of the state.

Question 5.
What do you mean by Republic?
Answer:
Where the head of the state is elected by the people it is called republic.

Question 6.
Why do we call India a democratic republic?
Answer:
Because in India, the head of the state is elected by people.

Question 7.
What is democratic monarchy?
Answer:
Here the head of the state, is queen or king, which is an inherited status not an elected one. In England such type of democracy exists.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 18 Democracy and Equality

Question 8.
Write the basic principle of democracy.
Answer:
The basic principle of democracy is based upon right of equahty and freedom.

Question 9.
What is Universal Adult Franchise?
Answer:
Where all adults have the right to vote without any discrimination.

Question 10.
Write the types of democratic government on the basis of legislature and executive.
Answer:

  1. Presidential form
  2. Parliamentary form.

Question 11.
Write the types of democratic government on the basis of division of powers.
Answer:
Centralised government, federal government.

Question 12.
“Democracy is not just a type but a life in experiment.” Explain.
Answer:
In democracy, there is no discrimination, no rich-poor divide, no female-male divide. Every person can develop his or her personality. Success is not granted on the basis of caste or place of birth. So, Democracy is not just a type of government but a life in experiment.

Question 13.
What do you mean by dictatorial government?
Answer:
The authority is in the hands of a single person or a few persons in such government. The elections are not conducted and the government is not run according to the will of general public. The power is concentrated in the hands of dictator. His word is law. The people have to work according to the will of the dictator.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 18 Democracy and Equality

Question 14.
Write about the emergence of the principle of equality.
Answer:
Freedom and equality are the bases of democracy. These beliefs developed due to the England revolution and French Revolution in 17th century and 18th century respectively. In the beginning, the right to vote was available only to rich people but because of the need of time, all adults were given the right to vote. This is called the Universal Adult Franchise. It is based on the law of equity.

In the 19th and 20th centuries, the equality right of democracy become more prominent. This right was limited earlier to the political area only. But now in economic and social areas, the right to equality is being emphasized. The people have been given many freedoms also. In this, freedom of expression is most important.

Question 15.
What do you mean by Parliamentary Democracy?
Answer:
The Parliamentary Democracy is considered the best government but there are certain conditions to make the democracy successful which are as follows :
1. Alert citizens: Public opinion is the basis of democracy. So, the citizens must be very alert. It means that the public should be politically mature. Only then they can keep a check on their representatives.

2. Capable leaders: If the government is run by educated leadership, the government will be capable. Only wise voters can elect such leadership.

3. Disciplined citizens and political parties: People need to be disciplined and only then they can criticize the wrong policies of the government and can compel the government to work properly. People must respect each other’s ideas. When the political ideology is different, different political parties come into existence. The representatives of the people are elected through elections. So, the political parties should also be very alert and disciplined.

4. Social and economic equality: There is no difference between the rich and poor. Democracy cannot succeed if there are differences in caste, religion, and language.

5. Tolerance: In a democracy, there is a rule of the majority. So, the ruling party must be tolerant. The opposition should also adopt the policy of tolerance which is a prominent feature of democracy.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 7 Scouting and Guiding

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Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Chapter 7 Scouting and Guiding Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Physical Education Chapter 7 Scouting and Guiding

Physical Education Guide for Class 7 PSEB Scouting and Guiding Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What are the benifits of scouts & guides? Write in detail.
Answer:

  • Scouting & Quiding make children happy & strong.
  • Scouting & Guiding remove jeoulsy, casteisitf from children.
  • By this children know about the meaning of love.
  • Earthquake, flood, Tsunami etc. in these types of natural phenomenon scouting also help peoples.
  • By scouting & guiding children also know about living standard.
  • By this confidence also increase.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 7 Scouting and Guiding

Question 2.
What do we learn from scouting & guiding promise?
Answer:

  • I will perform my duty toward my country & God.
  • I shall help others.
  • I shall do my best to obey the scout laws.

The scout promises a scout to make progress by being an ideal person. These laws help him to become a pious, truthful & higher person. By being true to God, it is meant that a scout should always feel the presence of God every where helping others should be his first & foremost daily.

Question 3.
Explain in detail the scouting laws.
Answer:

  • Scout is an honourable & trust worthy person. He always speaks the truth. He earns the trust by doing good work.
  • A scout is always loyal. He is sincere to his friends, comrades & subordinates.
    PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 7 Scouting and Guiding 1
  • A scout should serve the country, help others & have faith in God.
  • A scout is a friend to everyone and a brother to other scouts, to whatever religion or country they might belong.
  • A scout is always sweet of tongue. He speaks sweet words. His behaviour towards others is very loving.
  • A scout is a friend to all living beings. He knows well that all living-beings-birds, animals & others are the creation of god.
  • A scout is always obedient & maintains discipline. He always obeys & observe the laws.
  • A scout is a brave person & always remains in high spirits even at the time of difficulty. He is never afraid of the problem of life.
  • A scout is always contented. He fulfil his genuine heeds & leads a contented life in every way
  • A scout is true of word, deed & thought. A scout is pure of heart, true to his word & does good deeds.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 7 Scouting and Guiding

Question 4.
What is the importance of a scout in scouting? Explain.
Answer:
Scouting is public welfare organisation. It teaches the children become loyal & obedience citizen who are always ready to help others. Relly & conferences of scouts at the International level create a spirit of Internationalism among the scouts which causes an environment of world peace. The children become selfless workers who are always ready to help the needy by doing all kinds of charitable work.

They are always ready to help others in the natural calamities. This scout love their country they learn to do manual work & intested in learning vacational skills. These skills make the children successful in their future. Many scouts earn money by doing manual work along with their studies, Scouting is like a light house for the children. It guides them through life. They learn discipline & become a good citizen.

Question 5.
“Scouting helps a child develop an all round personality.” Give your own views.
Answer:
Scouting is public welfare organization. It teaches the children become loyal & obedient citizens who are always “ready” to help others. It roots out the negative feelings of hatred, casteism, communalism & regionalism & thus helps them become good citizens. They have a feeling of universal brotherhood and believe that there is no one who is enemy of them. In a nut shell, scouting helps children grow harmoniously. This way that develop themselves physically, socially, spiritually & emotionally.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 7 Scouting and Guiding

Question 6.
“Ready” is the motto of scouting. Explain it clearly.
Answer:
The word “Ready” is the motto of scout. He is ever ready to do some good. He is always busy in doing good to others. He obeys his elder & does duty towards others without bothering about his inconvenience of time & place. His aim of life is to do good & always to do good. He does not postpone doing a good deed. He does not delay helping others, in showing the way to others & guiding people in fairs etc. He has a thirst for knowledge, which he always wants to satisfy.

Question 7.
‘A scout is a good citizen’. Explain it.
Answer:
All the qualities which should be in a good citizen are found in a good scout. Who learn all the quality of a childhood. Good citizen can shine the name of his nation. A scout is a friend of everyone & brothers to others scout. A scout is always sweet tongue. He speaks sweet words. His behaviour towards others is very loving. A scout is friend to all living being.

He knows well that all living-beings bird, animals & others are the creation of god. A scout is a honourable & truthful person. He always speaks truth. A scout should serve the country help others & have faith in god. All the quality are important for good citizen. So, we can say A scout is a good citizen.

Question 8.
Write a note on the contribution of Lord Baden Powell, to the movement of scouting.
Answer:
Lord Baden was a General in the army who resigned from the senior position so that he could devote himself fully to this public welfare movement. He was confident that the movement started by him will certainly bear fruits. He started a practical experiment of the movement in 1907 on a small group of boys in a British Island called. ‘Brown’.

In 1909, a huge rally of scouts was organised at Crystal Palace in London. He also started a new organization for the children of age group from 7 to 12, this organisation is called cubbing. A new organisation for elders was also started which was called Rovering. A book by the title of ‘Rovering to success’ was published for their guidance. He also started an organisation called ‘Guiding’ for girls in year 1918.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 7 Scouting and Guiding

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Guide Scouting and Guiding Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
What are the benefit of Scouts and Guides?
(A) Scouting and Guiding make children happy and strong.
(B) It removes1 jealousy and casteism.
(C) These children know about living standard.
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

Question 2.
Scouting Laws.
(A) Scout is trust worthy person
(B) He is faithful and honest
(C) A scout is a friend to everyone
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

Question 3.
Scouting provide harmonious development to the children. How?
(A) Students become loyal and obedient
(B) Children of one country meet with others country. It creats the peace in the world.
(C) It reduce the casteism.
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 7 Scouting and Guiding

Question 4.
Who was the founder of Scouting Movement?
(A) Lord Badon Powell
(B) Roel Milen
(C) Mount Baton
(D) None of these.
Answer:
(A) Lord Badon Powell

Question 5.
Where this movement was started?
(A) Britain
(B) Holand
(C) America
(D) None of these.
Answer:
(B) Holand

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who was the founder of scouting movement?
Answer:
Lord Baden Powell.

Question 2.
Where this movement was started?
Answer: Britain.

Question 3.
Where the first scouting camp was organised?
Answer:
Tapu ‘Brown’-C in Britain.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 7 Scouting and Guiding

Question 4.
When the scouting relly was organized in India?
Answer:
1937

Question 5.
What type of special education is give to scout?
Answer:
Good habits.

Question 6.
When a scout meet to other scout what he does?
Answer:
Salute with three fingers.

Question 7.
What thing is obeyed by scout.
Answer:
Rules of scout.

Question 8.
When Lord Baden started guiding Girls?
Answer:
In 1918.

Question 9.
Who was the first guiding chief for girls?
Answer:
Lady Baden Powell (wife of Lord Baden Powell).

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 7 Scouting and Guiding

Question 10.
When Lord Baden visited India first?
Answer:
In 1921.

Question 11.
What type of suggestion given to India government by Lord Baden?
Answer:
Remade a suggestion for boys & girls scouting to the government.
PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 7 Scouting and Guiding 2

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who was the founder of scouting movement? Where it was started?
Answer:
Lord Baden Powell was the founder. He started this movement in Britain. He organized scouting camp in 1907 in Tapu of Brown-C in Britain.

Question 2.
Mention the books written by Baden Powell?
Answer:

  • Scouting for boys.
  • The wolf cub hand book.
  • Rovering to success.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 7 Scouting and Guiding

Question 3.
What are uses of scouting rallies?
Answer:
In scouting rallies children of one state meet with other states, children of one country meet with others country. In this way the enimity & casteism reduce. It create the peace in the world.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Forests: Our Lifeline

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Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 17 Forests: Our Lifeline Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 17 Forests: Our Lifeline

PSEB 7th Class Science Guide Forests: Our Lifeline Textbook Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks:

(i) Animals helps plants in the ……………… of seeds.
Answer:
formation

(ii) ………………… gas is released by plants during photosynthesis.
Answer:
Oxygen

(iii) …………….. and ……………….. are major threats to forest.
Answer:
Fire, Pollution

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Forests: Our Lifeline

(iv) Large scale planting of tree sapling is called …………….. .
Afforestation.

State True or False:

(i) Animals provide nutrients to plants.
Answer:
False

(ii) The forest cover in India is only 15% of its total land area.
Answer:
False

(iii) Crown is the shape of the trees.
Answer:
True

(iv) Deforestation is cutting of trees to clear area for building houses and farming.
Answer:
True

(v) Deforestation takes place due to overgrazing.
Answer:
True

3. Match the Column ‘I’ with Column ‘II’:

Column ‘I’ Column ‘II’
1. Plants (a) Forest
2. A renewable natural sources (b) Practice of planting trees on a largescale
3. Afforestation (c) Deforestation
4. Removal of plants (d) Producers

Answer:

Column ‘I’ Column ‘II’
1. Plants (c) Producers
2. A renewable natural sources (a) Forest
3. Afforestation (b) Practice of planting trees on a largescale
4. Removal of plants (d) Producers

4. Choose the correct answer:

Question (i)
Which of the following is not a forest product ?
(a) Plywood
(b) Kerosene
(c) Sealing wax
(d) Gum.
Answer:
(b) Kerosene.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Forests: Our Lifeline

Question (ii)
A food chain includes:
(a) Producers and herbivores
(b) Producers and carnivores
(c) Producer and decomposers
(d) Producers, herbivores and carnivores.
Answer:
(d) Producers, herbivores and carnivores.

Question (iii)
Bacteria and fungi act as:
(a) Decomposers
(b) Herbivores
(c) Omnivores
(d) Carnivores.
Answer:
(d) Carnivores.

Question (iv)
Microorganisms act upon the dead organisms to produce:
(a) Humus
(b) Wood
(c) Soil
(d) All of these
Answer:
(a) Humus.

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
How much land area on the earth is covered with forest ?
Answer:
About 13% of the earth’s surface is covered by forests.

Question (ii)
What is an ecosystem ?
Answer:
Ecosystem. Organisms and their environment combine to form ecosystems or ecological system. Plants, animals and microorganisms are biological components of ecosystems.

Question (iii)
What is afforestation ?
Answer:
Afforestation. For compensation of cut down forest trees, the process of large-scale tree plantation is called Afforestation (replenishment of forest).

Question (iv)
What causes global warming ?
Answer:
Causes of global warming. The main cause of global warming is the increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere due to human activities. In greenhouse gases the main gases are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrites, oxides, ozone and chlorofluorocarbons.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Forests: Our Lifeline

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
In terms of food chain, discuss the interdependence of plants and animals.
Answer:
The interdependence of plants and animals. Like plants, humans and animals cannot prepare their own food. Plants produce food for humans and animals. Many plants also provide shelter and protection for wildlife such as bats, squirrels and insects and many more. As for example during summer trees provide shade to many animals.

Question (ii)
How do forests help in conservation of soil ?
Answer:
There are many plants, shrubs and trees in forests that hold the top layer of forest soil with their roots. It does not allow natural forces like wind and flood (water) to carry away the soil with it and retains the ability of soil to hold water. So forests help in the Conservation of soil.

Question (iii)
Give two examples which show how that plants depends on animals.
Answer:
Examples of plants dependence on animals.
(1) Carbon dioxide released by animals during respiration is used by plants in photosynthesis process. In this process plants prepare their food in the presence of Carbon dioxide and Sunlight.

(2) If a number of plants grows on a place there will be competition among them for food. This causes threatening to the life of the plants. Thus animals helps in the dispersal of seeds and fruit to new places to avoid overcrowding of seeding at one place.

Question (iv)
Explain how forests prevent floods.
Answer:
Forests acts as a natural agents of absorbing rain water. They did not allow the rainwater to fell directly on the surface of earth. For this reason water do not accumulate in the earth and slowly enters the surface of the earth and flew of the water in rivers remains controlled. Thus plant maintain adequate water level areas near forests and prevent floods.

Question (v)
List five products we get from forests ?
Answer:
Products we get from forest are:

  1. We get several nuts and spices from plants growing in forests.
  2. We get sal, mahogany, teak and rosewood trees.
  3. We get fossil fuel from forest and cardboard and paper industries depends on forest.
  4. From forest we get resins to make varnish and paint and latex used to make rubber.
  5. We get many species of grasses such as lemon grass, vanilla, kewra, Khus and Sandalwood from forest.

7. Long Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What is deforestation ? Explain various causes responsible for deforestation.
Answer:
Deforestation.
The needs of the human population such as food, clothing, houses, roads, railways etc. are fulfilled by cutting trees and forests on large scale. This permanent cutting of forests is destruction of forest or deforestation.

Major causes of deforestation:

  1. Increase in demands like land for housing and industry and food for the increasing human population.
  2. Excessive grazing of domestic animals.
  3. Excessive digging of land for food.
  4. With more water logging and more irrigation, the ground table level goes down and with result trees and plants are unable to get water and ultimately and die.
  5. Cutting down trees to get fuel wood and wilf and paper.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Forests: Our Lifeline

Question (ii)
Enlist various uses of forests.
Answer:
Uses of Forests. Humans are directly or indirectly dependent on forest to meet their needs. Forests therefore, make a significant contribution to our lives.

  • The roots of plants and trees bind soil particles and keep the soil from carried away by water and wind. As a result, forests prevent erosion and flooding.
  • We get a variety of dry fruits and spices from the plants growing in forests.
  • Increases the amount of water vapour in the air, due to transcription by wild trees and plants the surrounding air remains cool. By raising water vapour content they also help in bring rain.
  • From forests we get Latex for making rubber, fodder for animals, bamboo for basket making industry and wood for paper industry.
  • Forests provide us with neem, timber sal and cinchona for making Ayurvedic medicines.
  • Forests and trees reduce the green house effect by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide present in the air with the photosynthesis process which results in lowering global warming.
  • Forests provide us with wood for making furniture, windows and doors of the house.

Question (iii)
Describe how animals depend on plants.
Answer:
Animal dependence on plants. Animals depend on plants as follows:

  1. Food, which is a source of energy, is obtained from plant leaves, fruits and other plant products.
  2. Animals get the oxygen they need for respiration from plants, which is produced during photosynthesis.
  3. Animals get shelter from big trees and which also provide protection from sun and rain.
  4. Birds live and build their nests on trees.
  5. Wild animals protect themselves from predators by hiding in dense bushes and grass.

Question (iv)
What measures can be taken for the conservation of forests ?
Answer:
Measure for the conservation of forests:

  • The use of wood as fuel should be reduced and instead of wood LPG and Biogas should be used as fuel for cooking.
  • Planting as many new trees as possible to compensate for the trees cut down for furniture or amfor construction of buildings.
  • Excellent fire extinguishers and fire breakers should be used to prevent forest fires so that there is no shortage of forests in the future.
  • The government should make efforts to plant trees on a large scale every year.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Science Forests: Our Lifeline Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(i) The insects, butterflies, honeybees and birds help flowering plants in ……………… .
Answer:
Pollination

(ii) A forest is a purifier of ……………….. and …………………. .
Answer:
Air, water

(iii) Herbs form the ………………… layer in the forest.
Answer:
Lower

(iv) The decaying leaves and animal droppings in a forest enrich the ………………….. .
Answer:
Soil

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Forests: Our Lifeline

(v) During the process of photosynthesis, trees reduce the green-house effect by reducing
the amount of ………………… in the air.
Answer:
Carbondioxide

2. Match the Column ‘I’ with Column ‘II’:

Column I Column II
(i) Trees control (a) Food chains
(ii) Insects (b) Prevent erosion and flooding
(iii) Trees (c) Photosynthesis
(iv) Carbon dioxide released by animals during respiration (d) Climate
(v) Food web (e) Pollination of flowers

Answer:

Column I Column II
(i) Trees control (d) Climate
(ii) Insects (e) Pollination of flowers
(iii) Trees (b) Prevent erosion and flooding
(iv) Carbon dioxide released by animals during respiration (c) Photosynthesis
(v) Food web (a) Food chains

3. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
The animals found in the forest are helpful:
(a) For the forest growth
(b) Oxygen and carbon dioxide
(c) To prevent floods
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(a) For the forest growth.

Question (ii)
Form oxygen and use carbon dioxide of the atmosphere:
(a) Animals
(b) Plants and trees
(c) Separator
(d) Herbivorous
Answer:
(b) Plants and trees.

Question (iii)
Deforestation will increase:
(a) The amount of oxygen
(b) The amount of nitrogen
(c) The amount of carbon dioxide
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(c) The amount of carbon dioxide.

Question (iv)
Forests help in the purification of:
(a) Water.
(b) Both air and water
(c) Air
(d) Air, water and soil
Answer:
(b) Both air and water.

Question (v)
Which of following is not a forest product ?
(a) Gum
(b) Plywood
(c) Sealing wax
(d) Kerosene.
Answer:
(d) Kerosene.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Forests: Our Lifeline

Question (vi)
Which of the following statements is not correct ?
(a) Forests protect the soil from erosion.
(b) Plants and animals in a forest are not dependant on one another.
(c) Forest influence the climate and water cycle.
(d) Soil helps forests to grow and regenerate.
Answer:
(b) Plants and animals in a forest are not dependant on one another.

4. State True or False:

(i) Forests are areas where animals and dense plants and trees are present.
Answer:
True

(ii) 11% of India’s area is under forest.
Answer:
False

(iii) Plants, animals and micro-organisms are the biological components of ecosystem.
Answer:
True

(iv) Producer → Herbivorous → Carnivorous is a food chain.
Answer:
True

(v) Trees do not control climate of a place.
Answer:
False

(vi) Forest help prevent erosion and floods.
Answer:
True

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Forests: Our Lifeline

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a broad view of a forest ?
Answer:
A place where land is not visible but only treetops form the green cover over the land.

Question 2.
What type of environment is found in a forest ?
Answer:
Peaceful environment with cool breeze blowing.

Question 3.
Which human activity can disturb the animals living in the forest ?
Answer:
Noise.

Question 4.
What is attitude of animals when human being enters a forest ?
Answer:
Monkeys usually jump to higher branches.

Question 5.
Which small animals are found in the forest ?
Answer:
Insects, spiders, squirrels, ants, micro-organisms.

Question 6.
Name any four animals found in a forest.
Answer:
Bear, bison, jackal, monkeys, birds.

Question 7.
Name the different types of trees found in a forest.
Answer:
Sal, teak, semal, shesham, neem, amla, bamboo.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Forests: Our Lifeline

Question 8.
What is classification of different plants found in a forest ?
Answer:
Trees, shrubs, herbs, grass, climbers, creepers etc.

Short Answer Type Qucstions

Question 1.
Why does water not stagnate in forests ?
Answer:
Forests are natural absorbers of rain water and allow it to seep deep down the soil. Also, the direct pouring of rain is stopped by canopy of forest and it falls drip by drip on the ground. So, water does not stagnate in the forests.

Question 2.
Why is soil of forest rich in nutrients ?
Answer:
The soil of forest is rich in nutrients because dead and decaying leaves are decomposed by decomposers to give a brown coloured nutrient (Humus) to enrich the soil.

Question 3.
Explain why there is no waste in a forest.
Answer:
Forests are habitat of various animals. They excrete and die still there is no waste in forests. Because the dead bodies are food of vultures, crow, jackal and insects. While other things like excreta and remains of dead matter get decomposed by mushrooms and other micro-organisms to nutrients required by soil.

Question 4.
List five products we get from forests.
Answer:
Products obtained from forests are:

  1. Wood,
  2. Oxygen,
  3. Medicinal plants,
  4. Rain,
  5. Lac, Gum, Resin etc.

Question 5.
Explain how animals dwelling in the forest help it grow and regenerate ?
Answer:
Animals live in forest. They either feed on it directly (herbivores) or indirectly (carnivores). In both cases, they consume plants and excrete thrown by their bodies get decomposed by microorganisms to produce simple forms and nutrients. These get dissolved and mixed in soil to be used by growing plants.

Animals also help in scattering seeds to different parts of the forest. When seeds get favourable conditions they grow and thus forests regenerate.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Forests: Our Lifeline

Question 6.
What are decomposers ? Name any two of them. What do they do in the forest ?
Answer:
Decomposers. The micro-organisms which convert the dead plants and animals to humus are known as decomposers. Examples are bacteria, mushrooms.
Decomposers help in maintaining the supply of nutrients to the growing plants in the forests.

Question 7.
Explain the role of forests in maintaining the balance between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Forests Our Lifeline 1
Forests are large area covered with different trees. Trees are green in colour. Their leaves photosynthesize in the sunlight and use atmospheric carbon dioxide to produce oxygen. In this way, balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide is maintained in the forests. In this way forests help in maintaining a balance between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Question 8.
Why should we worry about the conditions and issues related to forests far from us ?
Answer:
Forests indirectly or directly influence human life. They control floods and rainfall. They maintain balance of oxygen and carbondioxide in the atmosphere. They are also provider of many useful items needed by us in our daily life. They provide food, shelter and habitat to many animals also. They form a part of food web. So, we should worry about the conditions and issues related to forests far from us.

Question 9.
Explain why there is a need of variety of animals and plants in a forest.
Answer:
When there is variety of animals and plants then opportunity increases for food and habitat for the herbivores. When herbivores increase, then there is also increase in number of carnivores of different varieties. Different varieties of animals help the forest to regenerate and grow.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Describe the importance of forests and consequences of depletion of forests.
Answer:
A forest is a natural ecosystem. Forests are essential for sustainence of life on earth.
Importance of forests:

  1. Habitat for animals and plants.
  2. Provide food for animals and micro-organisms.
  3. Maintain water cycle.
  4. Control the earth’s temperature.
  5. Maintain a balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in nature.
  6. Prevent soil erosion.

Consequences of depletion of forests are:

  1. Improper rainfall.
  2. Landslides.
  3. Extinction of wild animals.
  4. Retardation of soil quality.
  5. Causes increase in carbon dioxide, leading to increase in the greenhouse effect and global warming.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

by

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Computer Science Book Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Computer Science Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

Computer Guide for Class 7 PSEB Introduction to Multimedia Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
Multimedia is a combination of two words …………… and …………….
(a) Images Sound
(b) Audio, Video
(c) Multi, Media
(d) Hardware, Software.
Answer:
(c) Multi, Media

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

Question 2.
Animation is of two types, these are …………… and …………… .
(a) Analog, Digital
(b) Static, Hyper
(c) Raster, Bitmap
(d) Path, Frame.
Answer:
(d) Path, Frame.

Question 3.
Requirements for Multimedia are …………… and …………… .
(a) Images, Sound
(b) Analog, Digital
(c) Hardware, Software
(d) Multimedia.
Answer:
(c) Hardware, Software

Question 4.
Input devices consists of …………… and …………… .
(a) Monitor, Printer
(b) RAM, Hard Disk
(c) Keyboard, Mouse
(d) Hardware, Software.
Answer:
(c) Keyboard, Mouse

Question 5.
In Multimedia, Text is of …………… and …………… type.
(a) Analog, Digital
(b) Raster, Bitmap
(c) Static, Hyper
(d) Path, Frame.
Answer:
(c) Static, Hyper

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

2. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
In how many types a video can be classified?
Answer:
Video can be divided into two types: Analog and Digital video.

Question 2.
There are how many types of text?
Answer:
There are two types of text, Static text and Hyper text.

Question 3.
Write the name of any one type of animation.
Answer:
Path animation.

Question 4.
Write any one application of Multimedia.
Answer:
Multimedia can be used in the field of education; it is used to teach students visually.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

3. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is an Animation?
Answer:
Animation is the process of displaying multiple images one after the other. For example: Cartoon movies, games etc. There are two types of animation.

Path Animation: In this animation, path geometry is used as an input.
Frame Animation: In this animation, pictures are shown moving in a frame.

Question 2.
What is Video?
Answer:
Video means moving pictures with sound. This is the best way to communicate with each other. It is used in multimedia to present more information and saves a lot of time. The most commonly used software for watching videos are: Quick Time, Real Player, window media player.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

Question 3.
What is Multimedia Conferencing?
Answer:
Multimedia Conferencing is a process of interacting with various people all around the world using tools of multimedia like camera, microphone, a display and so on.
There are various software and applications that allow you to do that.

4. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is Multimedia? Explain the components of multimedia.
Answer:
Multimedia is a form of communication that combines different types of data such as text, audio, images, animations or video into a single presentation. Components of multimedia are as follow :
1. Text:
It is a combination of characters and certain symbols. Text is commonly used to send messages. In multimedia we can present text in a very attractive way using fonts, colors and styles. The most commonly used software for viewing text files are Microsoft Word, Notepad, Word Pad etc.
We can use two types of text in multimedia

(а) Static Text: Static text is a simple text that we use to type messages or other documents or given along with images to describe the image.
(b) Hypertext: Hypertext is text that contains links to other texts.

2. Images: In multimedia we make the concept more effective and presentable with the help of images. There are two types of images :

(a) Raster or Bitmap Images: Bitmap images are real images that are captured from digital cameras or scanners.

(b) Vector Images:
Vector images are drawn using lines, circles and other mathematical equations. These images remain smooth even when zoomed in. Vector imagery requires less memory to store and thus we can use less data to represent the image. These images are editable.

3. Audio:
In multimedia audio means recording or playing sound, speeches, music etc. Audio is an important part of multimedia because the concept that we cannot understand in the form of text, we explain in audio format. Some sound formats are :

(а) MIDI:
The full name of MIDI is Musical Instrument Digital Identifier. It is a communication tool developed for computers and electronic devices. It’s a flexible and easy way to create music projects in multimedia.

(b) Digital Audio: Digital audio is a better alternative to MIDI files. Digital sound files are created from predefined music to record live music.

4. Video:
Video means moving pictures with sound. This is the best way to communicate with each other. It is used in multimedia to present more information and saves a lot of time. The video is divided into two parts:

(a) Analog Videos:
Analog video is created in a video camera. Analog video, represents moving visual images (video) in the form of analog signals. The red, green and blue intensities are used to record these videos.

(b) Digital Videos:
Digital video is an electronic representation of moving visual images (video) in the form of encoded digital data. Digital video is audio/visual data in a binary format. Information is ‘ represented as a sequence of zeroes and ones.

5. Animation:
Animation is the process of displaying multiple images one after the other. Animation is a method in which images are shown as a video at high speed. For example: Cartoon movies, games etc. There are two types of animation.

  • Path Animation: In this animation, path geometry is used as an input.
  • Frame Animation: In this animation, pictures are shown moving in a frame.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

Question 2.
What are the requirements for multimedia?
Answer:
In multimedia, projects are created by combining text, graphics, sounds, videos etc. These projects require verity of hardware and software. The hardware and software commonly used in multimedia are as follows :

Hardware Requirements:
The following hardware is required to create multimedia apps. These hardware include inputs, outputs and storage devices.
1. Input Devices: Those devices which are used to enter data and instructions into a computer are called input devices. They add text, graphics, sounds, videos etc. to projects. The following are the input
devices used in multimedia,

  • Keyboard
  • Mouse
  • Scanner
  • Touch Screen
  • Microphone
  • Voice Recognition System
  • Digital Camera
  • Joystick
  • Light Pen

2. Output Devices:
Those devices which are used to receive data from a computer. For example: printing a document, displaying images on a screen and playing audio or video. Below are the names of some of the output devices.

  • Monitor
  • Audio Devices
  • Video Devices
  • Projectors
  • Speakers
  • Printers etc.

3. Storage Devices:
The process of permanently saving data and instructions is called storage and the devices in which multimedia projects are stored are called storage devices. The following are some of the storage devices used to store multimedia projects :

  • Hard Disk Drive
  • Magnetic Tape
  • RAM if) External Disk Drive
  • CD-R, CD-RW, DVD
  • Pen Drive

Software Requirements:
Multimedia software is a tool used to edit and manage the key elements of multimedia such as text, graphics, sound, animation and video. The following are some of the specific software used for multimedia projects.

  • Adobe Director
  • Create Together
  • Media Blander
  • Media Works 6.2
  • Play mo
  • Multimedia Builder

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

Question 3.
What is a Multimedia Presentation? What should we keep in mind before preparing Multimedia presentation?
Answer:
The multimedia presentations are electronic documents that can include text, diagrams, graphics, photographs, sounds, animations, video clips etc.
Multimedia presentations are used to convey a message to others using a variety of communication methods. These presentations usually include text, animation, video, audio or interactive features such as forms, popup and more. The following should be kept in mind when creating a multimedia presentation :

  • Text should be kept to a minimum in multimedia presentations.
  • The level of audio and music quality should be good.
  • The keyboard and mouse should be accessible for the convenience of the user.
  • Multimedia presentation should be effective and small in size.

Question 4.
Write down applications of multimedia.
Answer:
Following are the common areas of applications of multimedia :
1. Education: Multimedia is used to teach students in school and colleges. Nowadays multimedia CDs are used instead of text books.

2. Business:
Multimedia applications are used in business for marketing, advertising, network communications, online shopping and more. It is also used in commercial marketing to motivate customers to buy products.

3. Advertisement:
Advertising industry uses multimedia to promote businesses, products and services. Multimedia advertising is done using animations and graphic design. Television, radio and print advertising are the most common mediums used in advertising.

4. Entertainment:
Multimedia is widely used in the entertainment industry. It is used especially in movies and video games to create special effects. Music and video apps are a great example of multimedia in entertainment.

5. Public Places:
Multimedia is available in many public places like trade shows, libraries, railway stations, museums, malls, airports, banks, hotels and exhibitions in the form of kiosks. It provides information to the customers and helps them.

6. Software:
Software engineers can use multimedia in computer entertainment to design everything from entertainment to digital games; it can be used as a learning process.

7. Medical Services:
Multimedia also use in Hospitals. For surgery methods, Tiny digital cameras are inserted in human body and it displays the inner scene of the body. In this way the medical practitioners were able to see the inner part without examine it.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

PSEB 7th Class Computer Guide Introduction to Multimedia Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
Coral Draw is …………… software.
(a) Text
(b) Word
(c) System
(d) Graphics.
Answer:
(d) Graphics.

Question 2.
Graphics are of …………… type.
(a) Two
(b) Three
(c) Four
(d) Five.
Answer:
(a) Two

Question 3.
The movement of graphics is called …………… .
(a) Motion
(b) Move
(c) Animation
(d) Effect.
Answer:
(c) Animation

Question 4.
…………… video is created in a video camera.
(a) Analog
(b) Digital
(c) Motion
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Analog

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

Question 5.
…………… devices are used to receive data from a computer.
(a) Input
(b) Storage
(c) Output
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(c) Output

Question 6.
A group of slides is known as a slide …………… .
(a) Group
(b) Deck
(c) Bunch
(d) Presentation.
Answer:
(b) Deck

Question 7.
The process of permanently saving data and instructions is called …………… .
(a) Storage
(b) Video
(c) Table
(d) Document.
Answer:
(a) Storage

Question 8.
Full form of the RTF is …………… .
(a) Read Table Format
(b) Rich Text Format
(c) Read Text Format
(d) Rich Table Format.
Answer:
(b) Rich Text Format

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

2. True/False

1. The combination of different media is called multimedia.
Answer:
True
2. In multimedia pictures can be animated and voice can be heard by the listeners.
Answer:
True
3. The size of the bitmap image is smaller than the vector image.
Answer:
False
4. Multimedia should be full of text.
Answer:
False

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

3. Write the Full Forms

Question 1
1. RTF
2. TIFF
3. DIB
4. BMP
5. GIF
6. JPEG
7. PNG
8. WAV
9. MP3
10. AIFF
11. WMA
12. RA
13. AVI
14. MPEG.
Answer:
1. RTF → Rich Text Format
2. TIFF → Tagged Image File Format
3. DIB → Device Independent Bitmap
4. BMP → Bitmap
5. GIF → Graphical Interface Format
6. JPEG → Joint Photographic Expert Group
7. PNG → Portable Network Graphics
8. WAV → Wave form Audio File Format
9. MP3 → MPEG Layer 3 Format
10. AIFF → Audio Interchange File Format
11. WMA → Windows Media Audio
12. RA → Real Audio Format
13. AVI → Audio/Video Interleave
14. MPEG → Moving Picture Expert Group.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

4. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are Graphics?
Answer:
Graphic is an image or visual presentations of an object, displayed on a computer screen. Examples are photographs, drawing, graphics designs, maps, engineering drawings, or other images. Graphics often combine text and illustration.

Question 2.
What is Multimedia?
Answer:
Multimedia means more than one medium. Multimedia is a collection of many media. It includes a wide variety of media. When a lot of media like pictures, texts, sounds, movies etc. come together it becomes multimedia. Multimedia is being used as a means of entertainment, for education.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

Question 3.
Name the different media that make multimedia.
Answer:
The different media that make multimedia are as follow:

  • Text: Text is a combination of characters and certain symbols. Text is commonly used to send messages.
  • Images: In multimedia we make the concept more effective and presentable with the help of images.
  • Animation: Animation is the process of displaying multiple images one after the other.
  • Audio: In multimedia audio means recording or playing sound, speeches, music etc..
  • Film: It is an essential part of multimedia. Movies impress the audience a lot.

Question 4.
What kind of hardware is required for multimedia?
Answer:
The hardware required for multimedia is as follows:

  • Sound Card
  • Monitor
  • C.D. Rom Drive
  • Microphone
  • Web or Digital Camera
  • Headphones.

5. Long Answer Type Questions

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

Question 1.
What are the file formats used in multimedia?
Answer:
File Format for Multimedia:
File formats are designed to store specific types of information. Such as JPEG for storing raster data, AI for storing vector data, WAV and MPEG for storing audio data and video data.
Before reading about the file format in multimedia, we need to know how many types of files are in multimedia. Multimedia consists of 3 types of files which are mentioned ahead:

  • Uncompressed: These are the files which are not compressed and are capable of storing a large file size.
  • Lossless: Files that can be compressed and when they are compressed there is no loss in image quality such as (Vector images) which do not lose quality even when zoomed in and the image will remain clear.
  • Lossy: Files that lose their quality when compressed. Such as bitmap Images. The easiest way to find any file type is to look at the file extension. The file extension determines which file it is.

Question 2.
Write the types of multimedia presentations.
Answer:
Types of Multimedia Presentation
There can be many types of multimedia presentations, some of which are as follows:
1. Virtual Presentation:
Where hosts and viewers attend the presentation remotely, are becoming common place. It is a technology that allows us to gather information on any topic and create a virtual presentation using high technology hardware software tools.

2. Slide Presentation:
A slide is a presentation page. A group of slides is known as a slide deck. A slide show is a display of a series of slides or images in an electronic device or on a projection screen. A slide can be a 35 mm slide seen with a slide projector. Presentation slides can be created in many pieces of software such as Microsoft PowerPoint, Apple Keynote, LibreOffice Effects, Preeze.

3. Web Presentations:
When we add audio, video, animation etc. to web pages instead of static photos and text, web Pages turn into web presentations.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

Question 3.
What are the audio file formats in multimedia?
Answer:
Audio File Format:
Audio file format is the file format used to store digital audio data on a computer system. Below are some audio file formats :
1. MP3:
The full form of MP3 is MPEG audio Layer-3. It is a standard technology and format that reduces the size of the file by one-tenth of the actual size and does not allow any loss in sound quality. The extension of these files is MP3.

2. WAV:
The most popular audio file format in Windows for storing compressed sound files. In order to the reduced the size of the files, these files can be converted to MP3 file format. The extension of these files is .WAV.

3. WMA (Window Media Audio):
These file formats are used to encode digital audio files similar to MP3. It can compress files at a higher rate than MP3. WMA files can be compressed to any size to match many different connection speeds or bandwidths. Their file extension is .wma.

4. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding):
The default audio format of Apple iTune. They work very well on Apple computing but do not work on web browsers. Their file extension is .aac.

5. Real Audio:
This format has been developed by Real Media to allow steaming of audio with low bandwidth. Its file extensions are ,rm, .ram.

Question 4.
What are the video file formats in multimedia?
Ans:
Video File Format:
Video files are a collection of images, audio and other data. The following are many different formats for encoding and saving video data.
1. AVI (Audio Video Interleave):
One of the oldest video formats developed by Microsoft. Due to its simple architecture, these files are able to run on different systems such as Windows, Macintosh, Linux. The file extension of these files is .avi.

2. MPEG (Moving Pictures Expert Group):
The first popular video format on the web is MPEG, These are compressed video files that can store both audio and video files. The file extension of these files is .mpeg.

3. MP4:
MP4 is one of the earliest digital video file formats introduced in 2001. Most digital platforms and devices support MP4. An MP4 format can store audio files, video files, still images and text. In addition, MP4 delivers high quality video with relatively small files. The file extension of these files is .mp4.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

Question 5.
What are Image file formats in multimedia?
Answer:
Image File Format:
There are many different image formats and image file extensions that can be used to create and save images to a computer. The most common image formats are listed below :
1. TIFF:
Stands for Tagged Image File Format. TIFF file format is widely used bit mapped file format. TIFF files originally use lossless compression. Today TIFF files also use lossy compression according to the requirement. It allowing for very high-quality images but also larger file sizes.TIFF can store many different types of image such as 1 bit image, gray scale image, 8 bit color image, 24 bit RGB image etc. It is supported by many image editing applications, software used by scanners and photo retouching programs. The file extension of these files is .tiff.

2. BMP:
The bitmap file format (BMP) is a very basic format supported by most Windows applications. BMP files are uncompressed. It allowing for very high-quality images but also larger file sizes. Therefore, these are not suitable for the internet. BMP can store many different type of image: 1 bit image, grayscale image, 8 bit color image, 24 bit RGB image etc. The file extension of these files is .bmp.

3. GIF (Graphics Interchange Formats):
The GIF format is one of the most popular on the Internet due to its compact size. They are widely used for web graphics, as they are limited to 256 colors and can be animated. The file extension of these files is .gif.

4. JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Groups):
Jpeg is a “loosy” format meaning it compresses the image to make it a smaller file. Compression of the image causes loss of image quality but this loss is usually not noticeable. JPEG files are very common on the Internet and JPEG is a popular format for digital cameras. The file extension of these files is -jpeg.

5. PNG (Portable Network Graphics):
PNG files are a lossless image format designed to actually improve and convert GIF format. Unlike the 256 colors supported by GIF, PNG files can handle up to 16 million colors. The file extension of these files is .png.

6. RAW:
Raw images are images that are not processed by a camera or scanner. Most digital SLR cameras can shoot in RAW format. The file extension of these files is .raw.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Media and Democracy

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Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Social Science Book Solutions Civics Chapter 21 Media and Democracy Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 21 Media and Democracy

SST Guide for Class 7 PSEB Media and Democracy Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in 1-15 words.

Question 1.
Write the name of the electronic means of advertisement.
Answer:
Radio, television, and computers are the main electronic media. Even illiterate people can get information about the activity of the govt, and on that basis, they can form public opinion.

Question 2.
What do you mean by the Right to information?
Answer:
People can access any such information which affects them either directly or indirectly. It is actually a right to put a stoppage to the unfair functioning of some govt, officers, or a right to inquire on a personal level.

Question 3.
How many types of advertisements are there?
Answer:
These are of two types:

  1. Commercial advertisements.
  2. Social advertisements.

Commercial advertisements increase the demand for commodities while social advertisements help in social service and help to remove social evils.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Media and Democracy

Question 4.
What are the main objectives of advertising?
Answer:

  1. To give information about the product, e.g. where to purchase a thing and how to use it.
  2. To induce people to buy a product.
  3. To bring the concerned institution in the eyes of the public.

Question 5.
What do you mean by social advertisement?
Answer:
Through social advertisement, social welfare is promoted. Such advertisements alert the people against different diseases, disasters and vices. These also help to promote national unity and integrity.

II. Answer the following questions in 50-60 words :

Question 1.
What is there in Commercial advertising?
Answer:
Commercial advertising is attached to the buyers and consumers. Consumers include the buyers of goods like domestic usage goods (foodgrains, grocery, clothes), electronic goods (T.V., Refrigerator). The sellers adopt many means to attract lacs of consumers. The various media are newspapers, magazines, radio, television, internet etc. The oldest way of selling products is of the street hawker. Even today people selling vegetables, fruits use this method. People today resort to direct selling to increase their sales and also take the help of trade fairs etc.

Question 2.
What techniques are used by the advertisers to shape Public attitude towards their products?
Answer:

  1. Through street hawking.
  2. By advertising in newspapers and magazines.
  3. By advertising in radio and T.V.

Question 3.
Give name of some social advertisements related with Public Services.
Answer:
Social issues like family welfare, polio eradication, protection from cancer, AIDS awareness, stopping the female infanticide, commimitte coordination, national unity, blood donation, road safety etc. are the advertisements related to public services.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Media and Democracy

Question 4.
What is the need of regulations in advertisement?
Answer:
Advertisement is neither good nor bad but it is such a means which can be misused because it has the power to leave a deep impact on the society, so the advertisement which promotes bad products should be stopped: It can be done only by making proper laws, e.g. in America, there is a legal prohibition on the advertisement of tobacoo. So we can say that laws related to advertisement are very important.

Question 5.
Which ethics are required to be followed by the media?
Answer:

  • To broadcast full-fair information to the public.
  • To promote social welfare.
  • To create awareness among people so that they can become capable citizens.
  • Not to let communal tension prevail.
  • To promote information that should strengthen democracy.
  • To fulfill social responsibility properly.

III. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
Media is the __________ to inform the people about the shortcomings of the existing system.
Answer:
means

Question 2.
Main role of Media is to provide __________
Answer:
information

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Media and Democracy

Question 3.
__________ means to fulfill one’s responsibilities properly.
Answer:
Morality

Question 4.
Advertising is different on the basis of their __________
Answer:
sales

Question 5.
To increase the ______________ the product is one of the main objectives of commercial advertisement.
Answer:
sales

Question 6.
__________ advertisements are in the favour of candidates and political parties.
Answer:
Commercial.

IV. True/False :

Question 1.
Various means to communicate information and ideas to a group of people is called media.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Press is known as the light-house of democracy.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Types of Advertisement-Commercial advertisement and Social-advertisement.
Answer:
True.

V. Multiple Choice Questions :

Question 1.
Write name of the electronic means of Media?
(a) Newspaper
(b) Magazine
(c) Television.
Answer:
(c) Television.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Media and Democracy

Question 2.
Name the main types of advertisements.
(a) Two
(b) Four
(c) Six.
Answer:
(a) Two

Question 3.
In which country Press is known as ligljt-house of Democracy?
(a) Afghanistan
(b) India
(c) China.
Answer:
(b) India.

VI. Activity:

Question 1.
Paste five pictures of some social advertisements on a chart paper and write 5 sentences each about their importance.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Guide Media and Democracy Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Which of these is an electronic means of mass media?
(a) Television
(b) Computer
(c) Internet
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Media and Democracy

Question 2.
The used in means of mass media keeps on changing all the times.
(a) Technology
(b) Language
(c) Form
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Technology.

Question 3.
Who invented the printing press?
(a) John Logie Berd
(b) Gutenberg.
(c) Graham Bell
(d) Henry Ford
Answer:
(b) Gutenberg.

Question 4.
Who invented Television?
(a) Graham Bell
(b) Gutenberg.
(c) John Logie Berd
(d) Henry Ford
Answer:
(c) John Logie Berd.

Question 5.
Different technologies used in mass media are quite.
(a) Cheap
(b) Expensive
(c) Ancient
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Expensive.

Question 6.
What is used in T.V. studio for mass media?
(a) Lights, Camera
(b) Machines of recording voice
(c) Satellite for transmission
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

Question 7.
Too much is required to get modern techniques of means of mass media.
(a) Money
(b) Humans
(c) Technology
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Money.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Media and Democracy

Question 8.
Which of these is the main source of income of T.V. Channels?
(a) Grant
(b) Advertisement
(c) Donation
(d) Government’s help.
Answer:
(b) Advertisement.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by media.
Answer:
Media is a means of contacting with public.

Question 2.
Give some examples of media?
Answer:
Newspapers, Radio, T.V., Cinema, Press, etc.

Question 3.
Which is the most important media?
Answer:
Press, which includes newspapers, magazines, books etc.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Media and Democracy

Question 4.
What is the importance of press?
Answer:
It is the most important media of democracy. It includes newspapers, magazines, books etc.

It brings people face to face with national and international news. It also gives information about the ideology, organization and programme of different political organizations.

Question 5.
What is the role of political parties as media?
Answer:
The political parties with the help of meetings, manifestoes, educate the people about the functions and weaknesses of the govt. They inform the public about various social problems. Thus political parties create public opinion and play an important role in expressing the public opinion.

Question 6.
How does the election help in creating balanced public opinion?
Answer:
At the time of elections the political parties inform the people about the deeds and misdeeds of the govt. So the people after listening to the ideas of different parties make their balanced opinion.

Question 7.
Which are the states that have passed the right to information ordinance?
Answer:
First of all it was done in Rajasthan in 2000. After that it has been passed by other states like Maharashtra, Karnataka, Goa and Punjab states.

Question 8.
What is the importance of the right to information?
Answer:
It is an important weapon to check the unlawful act – of corrupt officials.

Question 9.
Write the contribution of advertisement in the process of human development.
Answer:
It has an important role to play in the field of social welfare and social improvement. It induces and inspires the people to take up such activities which result in the welfare of the whole society.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Media and Democracy

Question 10.
What is the relationship between the media and advertising?
Answer:
There is a deep relationship between the two. It gives information about the activities and events happening in the world. It alerts the public against the functions of the govt. It is the spirit of democracy because it promotes this system. So media is also called the lighthouse of democracy.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 19 Democracy – Representative Institutions

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Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Social Science Book Solutions Civics Chapter 19 Democracy – Representative Institutions Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 19 Democracy – Representative Institutions

SST Guide for Class 7 PSEB Democracy – Representative Institutions Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in 1-15 words.

Question 1.
What do mean by Universal Adult Franchise?
Answer:
When all the adult electorates of the country have the right to vote, it is called Universal Adult Franchise. Sex, religion, caste, property do not become basis for discrimination.

Question 2.
Explain two stages of election process in India.
Answer:
1. Declaration of election date. In our country, the President or the Governor brings the election ordinance and on this basis, the Election Commission decides the election date.

2. Election of Candidates. Different political parties declare their candidates for different electoral areas which they think are popular enough to win the elections. Sometimes independent candidates supported by the political parties also participate in the election process.

Question 3.
Which government is known as representative government?
Answer:
In democracy, the citizens elect their representatives who make the government. These representatives make the policies and frame the laws. Such government is known as representative government.

Question 4.
What is the importance of representation in Democracy?
Answer:
In democracy there is the rule of the public. The population is so big that all citizens cannot directly participate in the administration. So they choose their representatives who make the government and indirectly it is the public’s own rule.

Question 5.
Who is authorised to cast vote in India?«
Answer:
Every person who is 18 years or more has the right to vote in India.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 19 Democracy - Representative Institutions

Question 6.
What is the difference between two party system and multiparty system?
Answer:
When there are two main political parties in a country then it is called two.party system. This type of system is in America and England. In multiparty system, there are many parties. India has this kind of system.

II. Answer the following questions in 50-60 words :

Question 1.
What is the importance of representative system?
Answer:
There is a great importance of political parties in representative democracy. Most experts think that democracy is not possible without political parties. Every political party tries to make its own government. These parties put forward their programmes and policies before the general public. The party that makes the government, executes its programmes and policies. The opposition parties criticise the government and thus control its activities. Thus opposition also has a great role in representative democracy.

Question 2.
What is a secret ballot paper? What is its importance?
Answer:
Secret ballot is the basis of democracy. People do not want any interference in their right to vote and elect representatives. Nobody wants to disclose his/her choice. So, secret ballot is done for electing representatives. In India, there is a principle of ‘one person one vote’. When some person casts his/her vote, he/she needn’t tell anybody in whose favour the vote has been cast. This is called secret ballot. Through secret ballot, the government can be changed without any biased idea or negative thinking.

Question 3.
Write a short note on the importance of opposition party in democracy.
Answer:
The political parties which are not in majority, they cannot make government. So, these parties play the role of opposition. In democracy, the opposition has a great role to play. It is said if the opposition parties become weak, the democratic system can come to an end. On the contrary, if the opposition is allowed to work properly then democracy becomes strong. Infact the opposition represents the weaknesses of the government. The opposition not only criticizes the government but also tries to build healthy public opinion. Without its criticism, the government can become non accountable and dictator. The opposition keeps a regular control over the government by controlling its activities. Thus, the opposition does not let the government violate the rights of the citizens.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 19 Democracy - Representative Institutions

Question 4.
Write the functions of the political party.
Answer:
The following are the functions :
1. Contesting the elections and making the government: The most important function of political parties is to contest the elections. The objective is to run the administration. So, these parties choose their candidates and start their election campaign. They bring out their manifestoes and help to build public opinion. The party which wins the elections, runs the government and is accountable to the people. The parties which cannot make the government, play the role of healthy opposition.

2. To protect public interest: They criticize the policies of the government and give suggestions to improve the policies. So, the opposition protects the interests of the generahpublic.

Question 5.
Write any two functions of the opposition party.
Answer:
The opposition is the spirit of democracy. It stops dictatorship as well as controls the activities of the government. Its role in brief is as follows :
1. Control over ruling party: After victory in general elections the majority party makes the government. The electorates cannot control the government for five years. So, the opposition controls the activities of the government.

2. To stop the dictatorship: Sometimes the ruling party tries to act like a dictator because of its majority. The rights of citizens are violated. At such a situation, the opposition criticizes the government in and outside the Parliament.

3. Coordination in law-making Process: When the government brings ordinance to make laws, then the opposition argues on such ordinance and tries to see that whatever law is made, it is in favour of the general public and the country.

4. Passing the budget: Every year, the budget is presented by the government which give details about the income and expenditure of the government. It is an opportunity when the opposition may criticize the policies of the government. The opposition can compel the government to reduce the rates of taxation.

5. Control over executive: The opposition controls the government through no-confidence motion, attracting the attention motion, etc. The opposition parties keep the ministers on high alert by asking questions in the question hour.

Question 6.
What is the importance of election in democracy?
Answer:
Elections are the basis of democracy. The importance is as follows :

  • All citizens cannot run the government. So, they must elect representatives.
  • The pubic can change government through elections only.
  • The executive is made through the medium of elections.
  • Through elections, the administration becomes stable.

III. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
There is __________ democracy in India.
Answer:
Representative

Question 2.
An independent institution which conduct elections in our country is known as __________
Answer:
Election Commission

Question 3.
An adult of __________ years has right to vote in India.
Answer:
18

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 19 Democracy - Representative Institutions

Question 4.
__________ and country has dual party system.
Answer:
U.S.A.

Question 5.
One citizen one vote is based on the principle of __________
Answer:
equality.

IV. True/False :

Question 1.
In India, now adulthood is attained by the age of 18 years.
Answer:
True.

Question 2.
In India, there is two party system.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
The opposition not merely criticise the government in Parliament and State Legislature but it also helps to formulate Public Opinion.
Answer:
True

V. Multiple Choice Questions :

Question 1.
What is the age of adulthood in India?
(a) 18 years
(6) 24 years
(c) 22 years.
Answer:
(a) 18 years.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 19 Democracy - Representative Institutions

Question 2.
For how many years Lok Sabha members are elected?
(a) Four years
(b) Two years
(c) Five years.
Answer:
(c) Five years.

Question 3.
When was Indian National Congress established?
(a) 1920
(b) 1885
(c) 1960.
Answer:
(b) 1885.

VI. Activities:

Question 1.
Write name of the President of the Party in power and opposition party in your state.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 2.
Write the name of M.LA. of your constituency and discuss with your teacher the development work done by him in your area.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Guide Democracy – Representative Institutions Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
In India right to vote is given to those who have age of __________ years or more.
(a) 18
(b) 21
(c) 24
(d) 25
Answer:
(a) 18.

Question 2.
In India, elections are conducted by
(a) Government
(b) Election Commission
(c) Supreme Court
(d) President.
Answer:
(c) Election Commission.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 19 Democracy - Representative Institutions

Question 3.
There are members in the election commisSiOn.
(a) Two
(b) Three
(e) Four
(d) Five.
Answer:
(b) Three.

Question 4.
Election symbols to political parties are allotted by the __________
(a) Government
(b) Supreme Court
(c) Election Commission
(d) President.
Answer:
(c) Election Commission.

Question 5.
Which of these is a function of political parties?
(a) To contest elections
(b) To form government
(c) To create public opinion
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 19 Democracy - Representative Institutions

Question 6.
Which of these is the function of the opposition party?
(a) Control over ruling party
(b) Control over executive
(c) Coordination in law making process
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write a brief note on Election Commission.
Answer:
In India, to conduct elections there has been an independent institution called Election Commission. It is its job to conduct free and fair elections. Its chief is called Chief Election Commissioner who is appointed by the President of India. The Election Commission is responsible for conducting eleetions«at every level like the Parliament, state legislatures, local bodies, etc.

Question 2.
What do you mean by ‘one person one vote’?
Answer:
It means every person is equal in the eyes of law.

Question 3.
What is the strong basis of ‘Universal Adult Franchise’?
Answer:

  • This right is based upon political equality.
  • It is required for true democracy.
  • It makes the government accountable.

Question 4.
What do you mean by by-election?
Answer:
Sometimes when some member of Parliament or state legislature, dies or his seat falls vacant because of his resignation or some other reasons, then the election is conducted for that seat. It is called by-election.

Question 5.
How do the electorates cast their votes?
Answer:
During election time, election booths are maintained in each and every area. The returning officer is the controller of the elections. The names of adult citizens are entered in the register of electorates. The electorates turn by turn cast their votes by showing their identity cards. These days the voting is done through electronic voting machines.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 19 Democracy - Representative Institutions

Question 6.
Write brief note on the following :
Answer:
1. Filing of nominations and taking back the names. The candidates approved by the political parties file their nominations. The returning officer examines these nominations and these are rejected or accepted. The accepted candidates can take back their nomination by fixed date. After that a final list of candidates is prepared and on this basis the voting machines and the election symbols are prepared.

2. Providing election symbols. The national parties had their fixed election symbols. The election symbols are very important for illiterate people because these help to identify the candidates.

3. Election manifestoes. Every political party introduces election manifestoes for victory in the elections. These include their programmes and promises which affect the electorates. The electorates come to know of the programmes and policies to be adopted after the victory of their candidates.

4. Election campaign. It is for the victory of the candidates. They print posters, take out processions, hold public meetings, indulge in door-to-door campaigning and even hold road shows to attract the electorates. It has to be stopped 48 horns before the elections.

5. Counting of votes and the results. At the predetermined hour, the counting is done in front of representatives of the candidates. The candidate who obtains the maximum votes is declared the winner.

Question 7.
What is a political party?
Answer:
The combination of people who have been together on the basis of a unified political ideology is called a political party. Any person can become a member of any political party.

Question 8.
What are the two types of political parties in India?
Answer:
In India there are’ two types of political parties. National parties and state parties. They work countrywide. If a political party has its influence in four or five states, then the Election Commission grants it the status of national party, e.g. Congress, BJP, BSP, CPI, etc. But some parties have influence in one or two states. These are called state parties like Shiromani Akali Dal in Punjab.

Question 9.
Which is the oldest political party in India?
Answer:
Indian National Congress was established in 1885.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 19 Democracy - Representative Institutions

Question 10.
What is joint government or what is coalition government?
Answer:
If a single party fails to get a majority, then it makes government with the help and cooperation of other parties. Such a government is called a coalition government. The first time this government was made was in 1977. From 1999 to 2004 also, there was a coalition of 13 political parties. Even these days also, the UPA government at the Centre is a coalition government. In a coalition government, members of different parties get a chance to become ministers which are not possible under normal circumstances.

Question 11.
What is the difference between the general elections and mid-term elections?
Answer:
General elections are those which are conducted after five years but if the legislature is prorogued and re-elections are conducted, it is called mid-term elections.

Question 12.
Give any two policies of the Indian National Congress.
Answer:
The following are the main policies:

  1. The most important policy of this party is to reduce the rich-poor gap. In other words, this party wants democratic socialism.
  2. According to this party, there should be no discrimination on the basis of religion. All religions should be respected equally.
  3. The party believes in agro-based industrialization for the development of agriculture. The policy of this party is to develop the means of irrigation.
  4. To create means of employment in rural areas for removing poverty.
  5. To establish friendly relations with the foreign countries and to reduce conflicts with them amicably.
  6. To promote foreign trade for improving the economic situation of India.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

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Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

Science Guide for Class 7 PSEB Water: A Precious Resource Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 202)

Question 1.
Name three activities by which water is being wasted?
Answer:
Three activities during which water is wasted:

  1. Water pipe leakage.
  2. Washing dishes with running water.
  3. Use of laundry machine with fewer clothes.

Question 2.
Should we check the wastage of water and why?
Answer:
We must control water wastage. Reduce water wastage by purifying water and reusing it at homes, factories, farms and social organizations. Doing so reduces pollution and also saves water.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 203)

Question 1.
…………………. is the process by which water is converted from its liquid state to a gaseous state.
Answer:
Evaporation.

Question 2.
………………….. is the process by which water is converted from its gaseous state to a liquid state.
Answer:
Condensation.

PSEB 7th Class Science Guide Water: A Precious Resource Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(i) The water we drink is in ……………………. state.
Answer:
liquid

(ii) The process of seeping of water into the soil is called …………………. .
Answer:
Infiltration

(iii) The upper level of groundwater is called ………………… .
Answer:
Unsaturated area

(iv) ………………. means dealing with water in the best possible ways.
Answer:
Water Management

(v) A farmer can use water economically in the field, by …………….. .
Answer:
Drip irrigation system

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

2. Write True or False:

(i) Water cycle helps in maintaining water on the earth.
Answer:
True

(ii) About 97% of total water present on the earth is freshwater.
Answer:
False

(iii) Repair leaking taps and pipes at the earliest.
Answer:
True

(iv) We are quickly moving towards global water crisis.
Answer:
True

(v) Turn on taps while brushing.
Answer:
False

3. Match the Column ‘A’ with Column ‘B’:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
1. Ice (a) Oceans and sea
2. Saline w-ater (b) Rivers and ponds
3. Fresh water (c) Gaseous state of water
4. Water vapour (d) Purest form of water
5. Rain water (e) Solid state of water

Answer:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
1. Ice (e) Solid state of water
2. Saline w-ater (a) Oceans and sea
3. Fresh water (b) Rivers and ponds
4. Water vapour (c) Gaseous state of w-ater
5. Rain water (d) Purest form of water

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Which of the following is responsible for depletion of groundwater ?
(a) Increasing population
(b) Increasing industries
(b) Deforestation
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

Question (ii)
The Punjab preservation of subsoil water act was passed in the year:
(a) 2009
(b) 2010
(c) 2008
(d) 2015.
Answer:
(a) 2009.

Question (iii)
The world water day is celebrated every year on:
(a) 22 April
(b) 24 March
(c) 22 March
(d) 22 May.
Answer:
(c) 22 March.

Question (iv)
Ocean and seas cover about ………………… of the earth surface.
(a) 75%
(b) 71%
(c) 81%
(d) 29%.
Answer:
(a) 75%.

Question (v)
We should not keep taps running while:
(a) Brushing
(b) Shaving
(c) Bathing
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What do you mean by groundwater ?
Answer:
This water is present on the upper layer of Earth in gaps between the soil particles, inside the broken rocks is accumulated. This water automatically rises to the surface in the form of a waterfalls. This water can be brought to the surface of the earth through tube wells.

Question (ii)
Why is sea and ocean water not fit for drinking ?
Answer:
The water of the Sea and oceans is not drinkable because of excess salt present in it. One litre of seawater contains 35 grams of salt. By drinking this water dehydration, kidney failure, fainting and even death can occur.

Question (iii)
Define aquifers.
Answer:
Wet Rock Layers. In many places there are layers of hard rock beneath the water table in which water get collected. These layers of rock are called wet rock layers.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

Question (iv)
Name the three states of water.
Answer:
State of Water. The three states of water are:

  1. Solid (in ice form),
  2. liquid (plain water) and
  3. Gas (vapours)

Question (v)
How is groundwater recharged ?
Answer:
Ways to recharge ground water:

  1. Rainwater can be used to replenish groundwater.
  2. Farmers in the field can save water through drip irrigation system By doing so water may be replenished.
  3. Administration should manage water supply for houses and should keep a check on water leakage.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Enlist some activities by which water is being wasted by people.
Answer:
The following are some of the human activities that waste a lot of water:

  1. Brushing and shaving with a running tap.
  2. Watering the garden in the afternoon during the summer season. If we water plants between 5 and 7 in the morning then evaporation of water will be less.
  3. Cleaning kitchen utensils under a running tap will require a lot of water.
  4. Washing utensils in the dishwasher when the dishwasher is not full.
  5. Washing clothes when the washing machine is not fully loaded with clothes.
  6. Bathing under running taps or sitting under a shower for long a time.

Question (ii)
How will you minimize the use of water to maintain a garden ?
Answer:
We can reduce water consumption in the garden by :
1. Irrigating garden in the morning or in the evening and not in the afternoon during summer season will reduce water consumption as less water vapours will be formed at this time.

2. Irrigation of the garden should be done with drip irrigation system or sprinkler from which only that amount of water will be supplied as much is required i.e. water will not be wasted.

Question (iii)
How is water important to us ?
Answer:
Importance of Water.
Water is one of the most important resources on earth. All living things need water to survive. In addition to drinking, human beings need water for cooking, bathing, washing clothes, washing utensils, cleaning teeth, cleaning house. Water is also required to generate electricity, for agricultural purpose to manufacture and various utilities.

Question (iv)
How increase in human population is leading to depletion of water table ?
Answer:
Human Population Growth is Responsible for depletion of water table.
As human population is growing rapidly, so does the demand for water for its daily needs. Groundwater is often used for the construction of homes, shops, offices, roads, railways and many other purposes. Such construction also reduces the area under which rainwater seeps underground. In this way we are not only consuming groundwater but also reducing groundwater seepage.

As a result of this ground water level falls. To meet the needs of the growing population, more and more industries need to be set up which makes more use of ground water which causes the groundwater level to fall further. Trees are cut down to meet the needs of the growing population, which deteriorates the water cycle. This is the reason why there is depletion of water table percolating.

Question (v)
Why do plants wilt and finally dry up if they do not get water for some days ?
Answer:
If we don’t water plants it result in dehydration of leaf cells and stems, from which the as a result of which plant, wither without standing upright and die after some time.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

7. Long Answer Type Question:

Question 1.
What steps will you take to save water ?
Answer:
Steps to save water. We can save water by taking the following steps:

  1. By stopping water leakage from pipes and taps.
  2. By keeping water taps closed while brushing and shaving.
  3. Instead of washing the floor with fresh water, use mop and reuse laundry water in toilets.
  4. Wash vegetables and fruits with water in a large vessel instead washing them of under a running tap, and finally pour this water into the plants.
  5. Avoid of washing your vehicle (car or scooter) in running fresh water, wash it with a bucket full of water.
  6. Collecting rainwater and using it for various purposes such like cleaning and gardening.
  7. Planting new plants during the rainy season.
  8. By making people aware about water conservation techniques.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Science Water: A Precious Resource Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the blanks:

(i) People obtain the ground water through ……………….. and ………………. .
Answer:
Tubewells and boring pipes

(ii) Three forms of water are …………….. ,………………. and ………………. .
Answer:
Solid, Liquid, Gas

(iii) The water bearing layer of the earth is ……………….. .
Answer:
Water table

(iv) The process of water seepage into the ground is called ……………….. .
Answer:
Infiltration

(v) …………………. of human body is made of water.
Answer:
70%

(vi) …………………. of sline water is available on surface of earth.
Answer:
97%

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

2. Match the Column ‘A’ with Column ‘B’:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
(i) Falling groundwater level (a) Farmers can save water in the fields
(ii) Maintain the total amount of water on earth (b) Wet rock layer
(iii) Drip Irrigation System (c) The water cycle
(iv) Water between layers of rocks below the water table. (d) Increasing population, increasing industry, deforestation

Answer:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
(i) Falling groundwater level (d) Increasing population, increasing industry, deforestation
(ii) Maintain the total amount of water on earth (c) The water cycle
(iii) Drip Irrigation System (a) Farmers can save water in the fields
(iv) Water between layers of rocks below the water table. (b) Wet rock layer.

3. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
The total water:
(a) in the lakes and rivers of the world remains constant.
(b) under the ground remains constant.
(c) in the seas and oceans of the world remains constant.
(d) of the w’orld remains constant.
Answer:
(d) of the world remains constant.

Question (ii)
Which one of the following is not responsible for water shortage ?
(a) Rapid growth of industries
(b) Increasing population
(c) Heavy rainfall
(d) Mismanagement of water resources.
Answer:
(c) Heavy rainfall

Question (iii)
The surface of earth is covered with water:
(a) 20%
(b) 29%
(c) 71%
(d) 30%.
Answer:
(c) 71%.

Question (iv)
How much fresh water is available on earth?
(a) 0.003%
(b) 1%
(c) 71%
(d) None of above.
Answer:
(b) 1%.

3. State True or False

(i) The fresh water stored in the ground is much more than that is present in the rivers and lakes in the world.
Answer:
True

(ii) Water shortage is a problem faced only by the people living in rural areas.
Answer:
False

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

(iii) Water from rivers is the only source for irrigation in the fields.
Answer:
False

(iv) Rain water is the ultimate source of water.
Answer:
True

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
In which structure, the vast quantity of water is available ?
Answer:
Seas or Oceans.

Question 2.
Name the various sources of water.
Answer:
Sources of Water. The various natural sources of water are:

  1. Rain water
  2. Well water
  3. River water
  4. Pond water
  5. Lake water
  6. Sea water
  7. Spring water.

Question 3.
Which day is celebrated as world water day ?
Answer:
22nd March.

Question 4.
What is significance of ‘water day’ ?
Answer:
To cause awareness among the people about the importance of conserving water.

Question 5.
Is water abundant every where ?
Answer:
No, the distribution of water all over the world is not even.

Question 6.
What are water vapours ?
Answer:
Water in gaseous form.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

Question 7.
How is water supplied in cities ?
Answer:
By a network of pipes.

Question 8.
What is water table ?
Answer:
Water Table. The upper limit of layer of water filled in gaps and crevices of rocks is called water table.

Question 9.
How is deforestation responsible for depletion of water table ?
Answer:
By deforestation, the effective area for seepage of water decreases.

Question 10.
Which floor allows water to seep through it, Kaccha floor or Pucca floor ?
Answer:
Kacha floor.

Question 11.
What are deserts ?
Answer:
Deserts. Deserts are areas which get scanty rainfall.

Question 12.
What are the causes of floods ?
Answer:
Excessive rainfalls.

Question 13.
What happens when it doesn’t rain ?
Answer:
Drought occurs due to lack of rainfall.

Question 14.
Who is responsible for preventing loss of precious water in cities ?
Answer:
Sivil Authority.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

Question 15.
What is full form of NGO ?
Answer:
NGO. Non Government Organization.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How does water occur in nature ?
Answer:
Water is one of the most widely distributed and abundant substances occuring in nature. It occurs in nature as follows:

  1. Water occurs in wells, oceans, lakes, rivers, springs, etc.
  2. Water occurs as rain water and underground water.
  3. Water occurs in the form of ice and snow in colder regions.
  4. Water is present in the atmosphere in the form of water vapours.

Question 2.
What is rain water harvesting ? Why is it done ?
Answer:
Rain water harvesting. The collection of rain water in tanks etc. to use it in need is called rain water harvesting.
Need of rain water harvesting,

  1. To increase the availability of water.
  2. To store water for later use.

Question 3.
What are the causes of wastage of water ?
Answer:
Causes responsible for wastage of water:

  1. Leaking of taps
  2. supply of water through pipes.

Question 4.
What happens when plants are not watered for a few days ?
Answer:
Plants will dry up, if not watered for a few days.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the water cycle process with the help of diagram.
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water A Precious Resource 1
Water Cycle:
There is a constant supply of water on Earth through various natural methods. All these methods together form the water cycle. During the water cycle, water gets to the earth in one of its three forms:
(i) solid (ii) liquid and (iii) gas. Water from earth’s available groundwater sources – oceans, lakes, rivers, lakes, etc. – evaporates through the sun’s heat and remains in the atmosphere. These water vapours condense to form cloud water and fall on the earth in the form of rain. In the solid state, water is in the form of ice and snow on the poles of the earth and in the form of glaciers in the mountains. Together they form the entire water cycle.

  1. Groundwater,
  2. Evaporation,
  3. Condensation,
  4. Clouds,
  5. Precipitation,
  6. Rain.

Question 2.
Explain the factors responsible for groundwater depletion.
Answer:
Factors responsible for the fall in water levels are:
(1) Population growth,
(2) Industrial and agricultural activities,
(3) Low rainfall,
(4) Deforestation,
(5) Decrease in the area for water absorption etc.
are some of the factors which are some of the factors for lowering the ground level.

1. Population growth.
As the population grows, the demand for construction of buildings, shops, offices, roads, and many other institutions increases. This leads to a reduction in open areas such as farmland and playgrounds. Due to this the rate of absorption of rainwater in the soil decreases. Due to this the groundwater level is constantly drying up.

2. Growing Industries.
Water is being used by all industries. Water is needed in the production of everything. Water used by most industries is extracted from the land.

3. Agriculture.
Many farmers depend on rainfall for the irrigation of crops. Irregular rainfall reduces the availability of water. Therefore farmers have to use groundwater for irrigation. Due to population growth, the use of groundwater for agriculture is increasing day by day. As a result, groundwater levels continue to fall.

4. Poor management of water.
When water is supplied through pipes, leakage occurs in the supply pipes which causes a lot of water loss and therefore causes groundwater levels to fall.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Value of sports

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Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Chapter 6 Value of sports Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Physical Education Chapter 6 Value of sports

Physical Education Guide for Class 7 PSEB Value of sports Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write down the names of 10 big & ten small games.
Answer:
Big Games: Footbal, Hockey, Cricket, Netball, Throw ball, Volleyball, Kabaddi, Kho-Kho, Wrestling, Boxing.
Small Games: Touch & go, Tag games Shadow games, hide & seek, Pick the handkerchief. Searching the leader Cat & Mouse, Peeling the skin, Masula-Ghori, Jang-Planga.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Value of sports

Question 2.
What are the fundamental skills of a man? How did the games of today originate from these fundamental skills?
Answer:
Walking Running, Jumping, Throwing all are fundamental skills. All these fundamental skills are improved along with other industries of civilization and we have convert this fundamental skills to this games which spread out in the whole world.

Question 3.
What are the uses of games for man?
Answer:

  • Development & growth of body
  • Proper use of Leisure time
  • Full control over Emotions
  • Obedience
  • Spirit of co-operation
  • Punctuality
  • Tolerance
  • Self-Confidence
  • Firm determination
  • Spirit of competition.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Value of sports

Question 4.
What Qualities does a man learn by participating in games?
Answer:

  • Good health
  • Conditioned body
  • Full control over emotions
  • Development of intelligence
  • Development of character
  • Development of will power
  • Spirit of brotherhood
  • Leadership
  • International Co-operation
  • Competitional Co-operation

Question 5.
How games are useful for a country?
Answer:

  • International Co-operation: Teams of one country go to another countries to play the game. This helps in creating a feeling of friendship between different countries.
  • Good Citizenship: The spirit of sportsmanship that a player is expected to have, helps him become a good citizen.
  • Prominent Leaders: A nation need good & experienced leaders in order to make progress. Games help produce good leaders.
  • Nation Integration: Keeing the nation as one integrated unit was one of the major issues after independence. Games played an important role in keeping the united nation.
  • Strong defence: A country needs strong, healthy & disciplined soldied to able to defend its borders.

Question 6.
What is the importance of games at the international level?
Answer:
Teams of one country go to other for play the games. This helps in creating a feeling of friendship between different countries.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Value of sports

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Guide Value of sports Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Name of big game.
(A) Football, Hockey, Cricket, Table Tennis
(B) Kho-Kho, Basketball
(C) Badminton, Wrestling and Kabaddi
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

Question 2.
Name the small games.
(A) Touch and go, Tag games, shadow games
(B) Cat and mouse
(C) Raja Rani, Circle Kho-Kho
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

Question 3.
Main skill of man.
(A) Walking
(B) Running
(C) Jumping and throwing
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Value of sports

Question 4.
What are the uses of games for Man?
(A) Development of body and mind
(B) Proper use of leisure time
(C) Full control over emotion
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

Question 5.
What qualities does a man born in sports?
(A) Health
(B) Conditioning Body
(C) Development of intelligence
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

Question 6.
How games are useful for a country?
(A) Nation integration
(B) Strong defence
(C) Prominent leader
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
In early time how a man can spend his life?
Answer:
Jungli.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Value of sports

Question 2.
In How many types of games are divided?
Answer:
Big & Small games.

Question 3.
What are Indian games?
Answer:
Wrestling, Kabaddi and Kho-Kho.

Question 4.
What are the natural and interested activities of Child?
Answer:
Games.

Question 5.
Endurance firm-decision, confidence, how these all responsibilities comes in our minds?
Answer:
By Games.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the international quality of game?
Answer:
When an particular game of a nation go to other country to play. Which develop the quality of friendship at international spirit with this love & affection all the enimity of the country disappears. and peace prevails among the countries. Sports play an important role in person to person & country to country for brotherhood & peace.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Value of sports

Question 2.
What are the importance of physical activity in human life?
Answer:
Very beginning of childhood when starts some type of activity it is inborn qualities as soon as he becomes elder the activity is increased according to age. These are divided into 2 parts.
1. Natural activities.
2. Traditional activities.
All the games come in traditional activities. Men become physically & mentally strong in sports.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 5 Yoga

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Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Chapter 5 Yoga Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Physical Education Chapter 5 Yoga

Physical Education Guide for Class 7 PSEB Yoga Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What do you mean by Yoga?
Answer:
The objective of Yoga is unity, union and love. In simple words we can say that yoga means the union of man and God. Science that unites man & God is called Science of Yoga.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 5 Yoga

Question 2.
What is Yoga according to Rishi Patanjali?
Answer:
To control the insticts of our mind’s called Yoga.

Question 3.
Write any one definition of Yoga.
Answer:
Yoga is that path which leads a human being from darkness to light.

Question 4.
What do you mean by the word Asanas?
Answer:
Asana is an old method of Yoga which makes the base of Pranayam, Dhyan & Smadhi. Asana word means art of sitting. According to scripture Yoga Sutra written by Patanjali Asana is that situation of a person in which he can sit maximum for time comfortably.

Question 5.
How many types are there of Asanas? Write in detail.
Answer:

  1. Cultural Asana: Asana which performed to strengthen body are called cultural Asana.
  2. Meditative Asana: These type of asana is used to the smadhi or meditation.
  3. Relaxative Asana: These asanas are done in lying position. The objective of this asana is give relaxation to the body.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 5 Yoga

Question 6.
Yoga is only a method of treatment. Write your views regarding this statement.
Answer:
Many diseases are possible to treat with the help of Yoga. Some People assume that Yoga is a method of a treatment & meant for only these people who are suffering from any disease. Yoga can be done by any healthy person & he can save his body from any disease.

Question 7.
What is Objective of Yoga?
Answer:
Objective of Yoga is to unite love & affection with each other. With the help of Yoga we can control our mind.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Guide Yoga Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
How many types are there of Asanas?
(A) Three
(B) Two
(C) One
(D) None.
Answer:
(A) Three

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 5 Yoga

Question 2.
What do you mean by Yoga?
(A) Adding
(B) Union
(C) Union of Man with God
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

Question 3.
Principle of Yoga.
(A) While doing Asana we should take care of sex and age
(B) Do not exert much force while doing Asanae
(C) Aaanas should be done empty stomach
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

Question 4.
Misconceptions of Yoga
(A) Yoga is related to a particular sect
(B) The yoga is meant for men
(C) The Yoga is only for sick person
(D) All the above
Answer:
(D) All the above

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 5 Yoga

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write about Yoga in detail.
Answer:
Yoga word derived from Sanskrit word Yoga which means unite the soul with God.

Question 2.
Write any definition of Yoga.
Answer:
Yoga is that path which leads a human from darkness of light

Question 3.
Write any one misconception of Yoga.
Answer:
It is related with particular religion.

Question 4.
What is asana?
Answer:
Asana La that situation of a person in which he can sit maximum for time comfortably.

Short Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Write any three principles of Asana.
Answer:

  • Do not exert much force while doing Asana. Body should, be in static & comfortable position.
  • Asanas should be done empty stomach or four hours after taking meals.
  • Heart Patients & pregnant ladies do not do difficult asanas.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 5 Yoga

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the misconceptions of Yoga?
Answer:
1. The Yoga is related to a particular Sect:
Yoga was started in India by hermits. Many people consider that Yoga is related to Hindu religion & they consider that Yoga is meant for Hindus Only.

2. That Yoga is meant for men:
Many people consider that people doing Yoga, have to follow strict rules. Hence, it can be done by men only. It is meant for women.

3. That Yoga is’only for sick person:
Many diseases are possible to treat with the help of Yoga. Some people assume that Yoga is a method of treatment & meant for only those people who are suffering from diseases.

Question 2.
Write principles of Asanas.
Answer:

  • Asana should be done empty stomach or four hours after meals.
  • Heart Patients & pregnant women should not do difficult Asanas.
  • Body should be bent slowly while doing asana. Do not give Jerks while doing asanas.
  • Do not exert much force while doing asanas.
  • The place for doing the practice of asanas should be clean & peaceful.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

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Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Computer Science Book Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Computer Science Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Computer Guide for Class 7 PSEB Microsoft Word (Part-III) Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
After selecting the picture tab appears.
(a) Format
(b) Page Layout
(c) insert
(d) View.
Answer:
(a) Format

Question 2.
For text wrapping, we can use option.
(a) Square
(b) Tight
(c) Behind Text
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 3.
To remove any unwanted parts of picture, option s used.
(a) Crop
(b) Rotate
(c) Group
(d) Compress.
Answer:
(a) Crop

Question 4.
Which of the following option is not available in the Adjust group of Format tab?
(a) Corrections
(6) Artistic Effects
(c) Remove Background
(d) Picture Styles.
Answer:
(d) Picture Styles.

Question 5.
We can find the number of words in the bar at the bottom of the window.
(a) Task Bar
(b) Status Bar
(c) Title Bar
(d) Scroll Bar.
Answer:
(b) Status Bar

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

2. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which option splits the text into two or more Columns?
Answer:
The Columns option from the Page Setup group in the format tab divides the text into two or more sections.

Question 2.
Which page orientation sets the page in horizontal direction?
Answer:
Landscape Orientation.

Question 3.
Which option is used to group two or more images together so that they can be treated as a single object?
Answer:
Two or more images can be grouped together as one object using the Group command from the Arrange group in the Layout tab.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 4.
Which option can be used to change the colors of the picture in MS Word?
Answer:
From the Picture Format tab, the color of the picture can be changed with the Color option from the Adjust group.

Question 5.
Which option is used to count words in MS Word?
Answer:
Words can be counted using the Word Count option from the Proofing group in the Review tab or the Word Count Dialog box from the Status bar.

3. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are Margins?
Answer:
A margin is the space between the text and the edge of the page. By default, a new document’s margins are set to Normal, which means it has a one-inch space between the text and each edge. Depending on your needs, Word allows you to change your document’s margin size.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 2.
What do you mean by Compress Picture?
Answer:
With this button the image can be compressed. To reduce the size of documents, pictures can be reduced in storage size. You can change the resolution of an image or delete a cropped part of an image.

Question 3.
Write about Reset Picture.
Answer:
If you want to remove all formatting changes to a picture in the document, “Reset Picture’ command will be used. This button is used to undo all formatting changes made to the picture and restore it to its original format.

  • Select the picture.
  • in the Format tab, click on the Reset picture option from the Adjust group.

Question 4.
What is Crop option?
Answer:
Crop button is used to delete the unwanted part of an image. When you crop an image, an unselected part of the picture is removed. Steps to crop the image are as follows:

  • Select the image you want to crop. The Format tab appears.
  • On the Format tab, click the Crop command.
  • Black handles will appear around the image. Click, hold and drag a handle to crop the image.
  • Click the Crop command again. The image will be cropped.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 5.
Give the name of two page orientation in MS Word.
Answer:
To change the position of a document from a portrait to a landscape, click this button. To change the position of the page, steps are as follows:

  • Select the Page Layout tab.
  • in the Page Setup group, click on the “Orientation” command.
  • Click “Portrait” or “Landscape” to change the position of the page. Landscape format means the page is horizontal, while portrait format means it is vertical.

Question 6.
Write the name of various options available in the adjust group of Picture Tools Format tab.
Answer:
Correction, Picture Color, Artistic Effect, Compress Picture, Change Picture, Reset Picture, Remove Background.

4. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is Watermark? Write steps to add watermark in a word document.
Answer:
Watermark: it is just like a stamp. it is used for confidential documents. A watermark is an image that appears blurred behind the text on a page. The steps to add a watermark to the document are given ahead:

  • Open the document to which you want to include the water-mark.
  • Click the Page Layout tab and then click the “Watermark” button to display a list of standard watermark options.
  • You can select any available standard watermark by clicking on it. This will apply to all pages of the document.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 2.
Write the steps to run a Spelling and Grammar Check.
Answer:
To do Spelling and Grammar check, steps are as follows:

  • From the Review tab, click the Spelling & Grammar command.
  • The Spelling and Grammar dialog box will appear.
  • This dialog box offer one or more suggestions for spellings and grammatical errors.
  • You can select a suggestion and click “Change” to correct the error.

Question 3.
Explain the steps to Print a Document.
Answer:
Once you’ve created your document, you may want to print it to view and share your work offline. it’s easy to preview and print a document in Word using the Print option.

  • On the File tab or Office button, click Print command.
  • A print dialog box will appear.
  • In the “Name” drop-down list select the name of you printer.
  • In the “Copies” box, enter the number of copies you want.
  • In “Page Range” option select “All” option if you want to print all pages of your document.
  • If you want particular page to print then click “Pages” radio button and type page number in the box.
  • Now click “Print” option. Your document will be print.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Guide Microsoft Word (Part-III) Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
The text of the paragraph is selected by pressing the arrow keys and the ………….. key together.
(a) Special
(b) Shift
(c) Number
(d) Function.
Answer:
(b) Shift

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 2.
The default line spacing is …………… point.
(a) Single
(b) Double
(c) Triple
(d) Four.
Answer:
(a) Single

Question 3.
The fill color option is used to color in ………………… .
(a) Text
(b) Line
(c) Shape
(d) Word.
Answer:
(c) Shape

Question 4.
For border and shading …………… menu is used.
(a) File
(b) Edit
(c) Format
(d) Home.
Answer:
(c) Format

Question 5.
Auto Shapes are submitted from the …………….. tool bar.
(a) Shapes
(b) Home
(c) Word
(d) Drawing.
Answer:
(d) Drawing.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

2. True/False

1. The left mouse button is clicked three times to select the entire paragraph.
Answer:
True.

2. By default paragraph text is right aligned.
Answer:
False

3. indentation command is used for shading.
Answer:
False

4. To fill ClipArt, Click insert Picture then click ClipArt command.
Answer:
True.

5. Arial and Times New Roman are the names of the fonts.
Answer:
True.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

3. Match the Columns

Column A Column B
1. Ctrl + B (a) For double line spacing
2. Ctrl + E (b) For bold the text
3. Ctrl+ 2 (c) For Left, Right, Center, Justify
4. Font style (d) For Center Alignment
5. Alignment (e) Bold, Italic, Underline

Answer:

Column A Column B
1. Ctrl + B (b) For bold the text
2. Ctrl + E (d) For Center Alignment
3. Ctrl+ 2 (a) For double line spacing
4. Font style (e) Bold, Italic, Underline
5. Alignment (c) For Left, Right, Center, Justify

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

4. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is Picture Border?
Answer:
Picture border means the line around a picture.

Question 2.
What is picture position?
Answer:
Picture position means where the picture is located into the document.

Question 3.
What are the various options available in page layout tab?
Answer:
The Page Layout tab has more than one Page layout and Formatting options. This affects the look of a page’s content. Depending on how we want to present our document, we can choose Page Orientation, Paper Segment and Page Margin commands.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 4.
Write steps for formatting page margins.
Answer:

  • Click on the Page layout tab.
  • Click on the Margins command from page setup group. A drop-down menu will appear. By default “Normal” margin will be selected.
  • Click on the Predefined margin as you want.

Question 5.
Describe the steps for using custom margin.
Answer:

  • Click on Margin command from the Page Layout tab.
  • A drop-down menu will appear. From this menu click “custom margin” option.
  • A Page Setup dialog box will appear.
  • Adjust the margin size for each side of the page, and click Ok.

Question 6.
What is Orientation?
Answer:
To change the position of a document from a portrait to a landscape, click this button. To change the position of the page, steps are as follows:

  • Select the Page Layout tab.
  • in the Page Setup group, click on the “Orientation” command.
  • Click “Portrait” or “Landscape” to change the position of the page. Landscape format means the page is horizontal, while portrait format means it is vertical.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 7.
What are the steps to change the paper size?
Answer:

  • Select Page Layout.
  • Click on the Page-Size command and a drop-down menu will appear. The current page size will be highlighted.
  • Click on the Size option as per your requirement. The page size of the document will change.

Question 8.
What does the column option do?
Answer:
This option splits the written text into two or more columns.

5. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are corrections? How are they used?
Answer:
Adjust Group:
You do not need to use additional picture editing software to create high quality images for your document. Instead, you can use Adjust tools to correct and improve your photos.
1. Select photo.
2. In the Format tab, click on the Correction option from the Adjust group. A drop-down menu will now open. From this menu, select 3. Sharpen/Soften and Brightness/ Contrast settings according to your needs.
PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III) 1
To make these settings more detailed, go to Picture Format>> Corrections>> “Picture Corrections Options” option. The Format Picture sidebar appears. This allows you to provide special settings for Sharpness, Brightness and Contrast.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 2.
Write the steps for using the color option.
Answer:
Picture Color:
Microsoft Word allows you to control the color and tone of your picture and you can repaint the whole picture for special effects.
Steps to change the picture color are as follows:
(a) Select picture.

(b) In the Format tab, click on the Color option from the Adjust group. A drop-down menu will open.

(c) In this menu there are 3 options:

  • Color Saturation: This controls how bright the colors are in the image.
  • Color Tone: This controls the temperature of the color, from cool to warm.
  • Recolor ; This controls the overall color of the image. Use this option to make the image black and white or gray scale, or to colorize it with a different color.

(d) Choose any of the options as per your need.
PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III) 2

Question 3.
Write the steps for compressing a picture.
Answer:
Compress Picture: With this button the image can be compressed. To reduce the size of documents, pictures can be reduced in storage size. You can change the resolution of an image or delete a cropped part of an image. The steps to compress a picture are given below:

  • Select the picture.
  • In the Format tab, click on the Compress picture option from the Adjust group.
  • Now a Compression Settings dialog box will open.
    PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III) 3
  • If you want to print the picture, click on the Print (220 ppi) option.
  • If you want to reduce the size of the file to e-mail, click on the E-mail (96 ppi) option.
  • If you want to upload the file to a web page or projector, click on Project Options.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 4.
Write the steps to remove the background of the picture.
Answer:
Remove Background:
This option is used to automatically remove unwanted parts of an image. Areas to remove or keep can be marked in the picture. Following are the steps to remove the background of a photo:

(a) Select the image from which you want to remove the background.

(b) Click the “Remove Background” option from the Adjust group in the Format tab.

(c)Now the default background area will be marked with magenta color, while the foreground will remain its natural color.
(d)If the default area isn’t correct, go to Background Removal > Picture Tools and do one or both of the following:

  • If parts of the picture that you want to keep are magenta, select
  • “Mark Areas to Keep” option and use the drawing pencil to mark the areas on the picture that you want to keep.
  • To remove more parts of the picture, select Mark Areas to
  • Remove option and use the drawing pencil to mark those areas

When you’re done, select “Keep Changes” or “Discard All Changes”.
PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III) 4

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 5.
Write down the steps to apply a picture style.
Answer:
Picture Style Group:
Picture Styles Gallery offers many preset styles that make it easy for you to add borders and special effects with one click.
1. Picture Style Gallery:
This field provides a list of different formats that can be applied to an image. To see what each style will do, just move the mouse pointer over each style. To apply the style on a picture steps are as follows:
(a) Select the photo whose style you want to change.
(b) On the Format tab, in the Picture Styles group, click any style you like.
PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III) 5

2. Picture Border:
Use this command to change the color, width, or line style of the border of the image. Steps to add border as follows:

  • Select the image to which you want to add a border.
  • On the Picture Format tab, in the Picture Styles gallery, select Picture Border command. A drop-down menu will appear.
  • From this menu select color for border line.
  • Select weight (thickness) of boarder line.
  • Select whether the line of the border is dashed.

3. Picture Effects:
Click this button to add visual effects to the picture such as shadows, 3-D effects, and glows. Steps to add an effect to a picture are as follows:

  • Select the picture for which you want to add or change an effect.
  • Under the Format tab, in the Picture Styles group, click Picture Effects command.
  • A drop-down list will appear. From this menu select appropriate effect for image.

Question 6.
Write the steps of wrapping text.
Answer:
Text Wrapping:
This feature is used to apply wrapping to an image. When wrapping is applied, text can be typed around the image. Make it easy to move images from one place to another in a document. To apply the text wrapping on the image follow these steps:
(a) Select the image which you want to apply wrapping.
(b) From the Picture Tools tab, in the Arrange group, click on the “Text Wrapping” option.
Do one of the following:

  • Click “Square” command to type the text around the border of your picture.
  • Click ‘Tight” command to type text around a clip art image or an irregularly shaped image.
  • Click “Behind Text” command to display the text on the image.
  • Click “In Front of Text” command to display the image on the text.
  • Click “Top and Bottom” command to place the image on your line.
  • Click “More Layout Options” command for more layout Options.

From this dialog box, specify the distance between the text and the image.
PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III) 6

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 7.
Write the steps for adding background color or texture.
Answer:
Page Color:
With the help of this option we can apply different colors, textures and pictures to the background of the page in our document. Steps to add background color or texture are as follows:

  • Click on “Page color” command in the Page Background group from the Page Layout tab.
  • A drop-down menu will appear.
  • Choose one of the following options from this drop-down menu:
  • To apply the background color click any color from “Theme Colors or Standard Colors”.
  • To apply the texture, Gradient, pattern and pictures into the background, click “Fill Effects” option.
  • A Fill Effect dialog Box will appear. Select appropriate design for you background.