Class 6 – Page 10 – PSEB Solutions

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 13 The Mauryas and The Sungas

October 11, 2024October 10, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions History Chapter 13 The Mauryas and The Sungas Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 13 The Mauryas and The Sungas

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB The Mauryas and The Sungas Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions :

Question 1.
What do you know about Alexander?
Answer:
Alexander was the son of Emperor Philip of Macedonia. He became the ruler of Macedonia after his father’s death. He desired to conquer the whole world. Therefore, as soon as he was enthroned, he began to conquer the world. For the first two years, he conquered the territories surrounding Macedorfla. Then he started with a large army to conquer Persia. He also conquered Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Afghanistan. In 326 B.C., he invaded India and defeated several kings of the northwest in Punjab up to the river Beas. He first defeated Ambhi, the king of Taxila and then the ruler of the territory between the rivers Jhelum and Chenab, namely Porus. Porus faced Alexander bravely. Soldiers of Alexander got scared of the resistance they received in Punjab. They were also tired of long journey and warfare. Therefore, Alexander had to go back from the Beas. But he was not able to reach his country. On the way he suffered from fever and died.

Question 2.
Write a note about Kautilya.
Answer:
Kautilya is also known as Chanakya. He was a great scholar and teacher at the Taxila University. Chandragupta Maurya considered him as his teacher. It was only with the help of Kautilya that Chandragupta Maurya was able to overthrow the Nanda /nasty and establish the Mauryan Empire. When Chandragupta became the emperor, Kautilya became the Prime Minister of the Mauryan Empire. Kautilya was also a great writer. His book ‘Arthasastra’ tells us about the Mauryan administration.

Question 3.
Why is Ashoka called ‘the great’?
Answer:
Ashoka was the only king in the history of the world who stopped war after victory. Throughout his life he worked for the good of the people. He treated all religions alike. He looked after his subjects as a father cares for his children. Every individual was the most important person of the state. He treated everybody alike and gave money and help to all religions regardless of their beliefs. He discarded caste system. His faith in universal brotherhood of mankind uplifted him and he became a god on earth. Boundaries of any country were not his limit. He adopted Buddhism and sent preachers to preach it to many countries of the world like Sri Lanka, China, Afghanistan and Nepal. He held a vast empire in those ancient times above everything. There was no rebellion against him inspite of his policy of peace and non-violence. He was the first ruler who gave the world the concept of a welfare state and religious tolerance. That is why Ashoka holds an important position in the history of the world and is called ‘the great’.

Question 4.
What do you know about Mauryan art?
Answer:
The Mauryan rulers were lovers of art and they gave an important contribution to the field of art. This contribution of theirs is described as under:

Chandragupta constructed a big palace. This palace was very beautiful and stood erected on several pillars. Ashoka’s palace was also magnificent.
Chandragupta Maurya constructed a big lake, named Sudarshana, in Gujarat.
Ashoka constructed a large number of Stupas. The Stupa of Sanchi in Madhya Pradesh is very famous.
Ashoka built two cities, namely Srinagar and Lalit Patan.
Ashoka got some beautiful caves built in the hills of Barabar and Nagarjuni in Bihar for the monks and Nirgranthas.
Ashoka got constructed huge pillars of sand stone from Chunar. These pillars were 34 feet high. They have a fine polish on them which shines like a mirror. Ashoka got his inscriptions engraved on these pillars.
Ashoka’s pillars had sculptures of animals like bull, elephant, lion, etc. One such sculpture of four lions seated back to back was on the top of the pillar at Samath (Uttar Pradesh). It is our National Emblem now.
Some beautiful sculptures of Yakshas and Yakshis were also made in the Mauryan Age. One such sculpture has been found as Didarganj near Patna. This sculpture is of a Yakshi who w carrying a Chauri (fly-whisk) on her shoulder.

II. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
Alexander’s soldiers got scared of the _________ they received in Punjab.
Answer:
resistance

Question 2.
Chandragupta ruled till _________ B.C.
Answer:
297

Question 3.
Megasthenes was a Greek ambassador of _________
Answer:
Seleucus

Question 4.
Kautilya’s _________ and Megasthenes’s _________ tell us about Mauryan administration.
Answer:
Arthasastra, Indica

Question 5.
In Madhya Pradesh the stupa of _________ is very famous.
Answer:
Sanchi.

III. Write ‘true’ or ‘false’ in the brackets given after each statement :

Question 1.
Seleucus defeated Chandragupta Maurya.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
Ashoka built great pillars of iron.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Mahamatra was officer of Alexander.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Ashoka adopted Buddhism after Kalinga War. Chandragupta constructed Sudarshana Lake.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
In Madhya Pradesh the stupa of . is very famous.
Answer:
True

IV. Match the columns:

Question 1.

A	B
(1) Megasthenes	(a) Arthasastra
(2) Kautilya	(b) Stupa
(3) Sanchi	(c) Minister
(4) Amatya	(d) Indica

Answer:

A	B
(1) Megasthenes	(d) Indica
(2) Kautilya	(a) Arthasastra
(3) Sanchi	(b) Stupa
(4) Amatya	(c) Minister

V. Activity (Something To Do):

Question 1.
Collect pictures of monuments built by Ashoka and paste them in your scrap book.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide The Mauryas and The Sungas Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Dhamma is a word of _________ language.
(A) Prakrit
(B) Hindi
(C) Devnagri
(D) Sanskrit.
Answer:
(A) Prakrit.

Question 2.
Dhamma means _________
(A) Wealth
(B) Dharma
(C) Kingdom
(D) State.
Answer:
(B) Dharma.

Question 3.
People lived in Mauryan Empire were engaged in _________ occupation.
(A) Merchants
(B) Crafts persons
(C) Officials
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 4.
Officials collected _________ from the area under the direct control of the ruler.
(A) Gold
(B) Silver
(C) Taxes
(D) Food grains.
Answer:
(C) Taxes.

Question 5.
Royal princes often went to the provinces as
(A) Governors
(B) Rulers
(C) Generals
(D) Tax collectors.
Answer:
(A) Governors.

Question 6.
The Mauryans rulers tried to control this which was important for transport.
(A) Roads
(B) Rivers
(C) Both a+b
(D) None of these.
Answer:
(C) Both a+b.

Question 7.
People in forested regions provided” the Mauryan officials.
(A) Timber
(B) Wax
(C) Honey
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 8.
Most of the Ashoka inscriptions are in the script.
(A) Brahmi
(B) Devnagri
(C) Gurumukhi
(D) Persian
Answer:
(A) Brahmi.

Question 9.
Which problem Ashoka wanted to solve by introducing dhamma?
(A) Different people followed different religions.
(B) In some religions, animal sacrifice was a ritual.
(C) Most of the masters ill treated their servants and slaves
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 10.
Which of these means was adopted by Ashoka to spread the message of dhamma?
(A) He appointed dhamma mahamatta to spread teachings.
(B) He got his messages inscribed on rocks and pillars.
(C) He sent his messengers to other lands.
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 11.
Who was the Prime Minister of Chandra Gupta Maurya?
(A) Chanakya
(B) Ashoka
(C) Bimbisara
(D) Ajatasatru.
Answer:
(A) Chanakya.

Question 12.
Chanakya wrote
(A) Kamasutra
(B) Arthashastra
(C) Upnishada
(D) Manu Smriti.
Answer:
(B) Arthashastra.

Question 13.
_________ was an ambassador of Selecus Nicator who was sent to the court of Chandragupta Maurya?
(A) Megasthenes
(B) Ashoka
(C) Bimbisara
(D) Chanakya.
Answer:
(A) Megasthenes.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
When did Alexander invade India?
Answer:
Alexander invaded India in 326 B.C.

Question 2.
Who was ruling over the Punjab when Chandragupta Maurya became the king?
Answer:
The Greek General Seleucus Nikator was ruling over the Punjab when Chandragupta Maurya became the king.

Question 3.
What was the extent of the Mauryan Empire under Chandragupta Maurya?
Answer:
Chandragupta Maurya’s empire extended from Afghanistan in the north-west to Karnataka in the south and from Assam in the east to Gujarat in the west.

Question 4.
Name the areas added to the Mauryan Empire by Bindusara.
Answer:
Bindusara added some of the southern parts of India to the Mauryan Empire.

Question 5.
Why were the Nanda kings unpopular?
Answer:
The Nanda kings had collected huge wealth and led a luxurious life. They were not efficient rulers.

Question 6.
Who was Ashoka?
Answer:
Ashoka was the most famous of the Mauryan kings and one of the greatest rulers India has ever had.

Question 7.
Where were Ashoka’s edicts inscribed?
Answer:
Ashoka’s edicts were inscribed on rocks and on tall pillars made of sandstone.

Question 8.
What was the capital city of Ashoka?
Answer:
Patliputra (Patna) was the capital city of Ashoka.

Question 9.
Whom did Ashoka send to Sri Lanka and why?
Answer:
Ashoka sent his son Mahendra and daughter Sanghamitra to Sri Lanka to preach the message of Buddhism.

Question 10.
According to Ashoka, how should a king treat his subjects?
Answer:
According to Ashoka, a king should treat his subjects as a father treats his children.

Question 11.
Name some of the officers of the Mauryan administration.
Answer:
Some of the officers of the Mauryan administration were Rajuka, Mahamatra, Yukta, etc.

Question 12.
Name the great centres of learning during the Mauryan rule.
Answer:
Taxila, Patliputra and Varanasi were the great centres of learning during the Mauryan rule.

Question 13.
How much was land revenue on agriculture levied during the Mauryan rule?
Answer:
The land revenue on agriculture was generally 1/6th of the produce.

Question 14.
Who constructed Sudarshana Lake,’and where?
Answer:
Chandragupta Maurya constructed Sudarshana Lake in Gujarat.

Question 15.
When did the Mauryan Empire start breaking up?
Answer:
The Mauryan Empire started breaking up after the death of Ashoka.

Question 16.
Who was Alexandar?
Answer:
Alexander was a great Greek conqueror from Macedonia. He invaded India in 326 B.C. and defeated Porus. On his way back to Greece, he died midway.

Question 17.
Who was Chanakya?
Answer:
Chanakya was the Prime Minister and advisor of Chandragupta Maurya. He was a great teacher and scholar who wrote a book called Arthasastra.

Question 18.
What is meant by Dhamma?
Answer:
Dhamma was a code of morality given by Ashoka for his people to lead virtuous and peaceful life.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What role did Chanakya play in the formation of the Mauryan Empire?
Answer:
Chanakya played the most significant role in the formation of the Mauryan Empire. Without his help and guidance it would not have been possible to establish the mighty Mauryan Empire by Chandragupta Maurya. Once the Nanda king insulted Chanakya. Chanakya left his empire and took a vow to take revenge from him. Due to this reason he helped Chandragupta in establishing the Mauryan Empire.

Question 2.
What do you know about Arthasastra?
Answer:
Arthasastra is a famous book written by Kautilya. In this book, Kautilya explains how a good government should be organised. It gives vital elements of good administration. It gives detailed instructions on the control of the state, the organisation of national economy and the conduct of war. It is a very precious source of information about many aspects of ancient Indian life.

Question 3.
What is Indica?
Answer:
Indica is a book written by Megasthenes, the Greek Ambassador of Seleucus Nikator who lived in the court of Chandragupta Maurya for five years. In this book, Megasthenes describes the social, economic and political conditions of India during Chandragupta Maurya’s reign.

Question 4.
What was Ashoka’s Dhamma?
Answer:
Dhamma is the Prakrit form of the Sanskrit word Dharma, meaning religion. It included the best in every religion. It was a set of moral principles, such as :

One should respect one’s elders.
Proper treatment should be given to youngsters.
One should not slaughter animals and should observe ahimsa (non-violence).
One should practise tolerance and respect other religions.
One should observe truthfulness.
One should lead a pure life, etc.

Question 5.
What did Ashoka do to spread his ideas about Dhamma?
Answer:
Ashoka took the following steps to spread his ideas about Dhamma :

He himself lived an ideal life and set an example before his people.
He inscribed his ideas on rocks and pillars in all corners of his empire.
He used Prakrit, the common language of the people, in his edicts.
He appointed Dharmamahamatras to persuade the people to live according to his ideals of the Dhamma.
He sent monks to preach Buddhism in other countries. Even his own son Mahendra and his daughter Sanghamitra went to Sri Lanka.

Question 6.
From where have we got the design of our National Emblem?
Answer:
We have got the design of our National Emblem from the pillar at Sarnath. It was made by Ashoka and had four lions carved on the top. When India became independent in 1947, it was decided to use this design of four lions as the National Emblem of India.

Question 7.
Write a note about the Sungas.
Answer:
The Sunga dynasty was founded by Pushyamitra Sunga in 184 B.C. Pushyamitra Sunga was the commander-in-chief of the Mauryan army. He murdered the last Mauryan king Brihadratha and himself became the king. He was a powerful ruler and made several conquests. He s6nt his grandson Vasumitra to fight with the Greek invader Menander. Vasumitra defeated the invader on the banks of the river Indus. Pushyamitra performed two horse- sacrifices. He built -the Stupa of Bharhut in Madhya Pradesh. After Pushyamitra his son Agnimitra became the king. The Sunga dynasty collapsed soon after the Scythians, Parthians and Kushanas began to invade India.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the Mauryan administration.
Answer:
The Mauryan administration was a very well organised and vast system.
1. The King: The king was the head of the state and very powerful. He led his army in war, imparted justice, looked after the welfare of his people and levied taxes.

2. Council of Ministers: The king had council of ministers to help him. The ministers were known as mantris or Amatyas.

3. Officers: There were high officers like the crown prince, treasurer, collector-general of taxes, accountant-general and several directors of separate departments like forests, mines, foreign travellers, etc.

4. Provinces: The empire was divided into provinces and generally royal princes were appointed their governors. There were several officers like Rajuka, Mahamatra, Yukta, etc. in provinces.

5. Army: The Mauryan army was very strong and comprised of infantry, horses, elephants and chariots. It had naval force also.

6. Spy System: The spy system of the Mauryas was also very strong. Spies were sent to get the news of enemies and to keep an eye on people’s activities.

Question 2.
What were the causes of the decline of the Mauryan Empire?
Answer:
The Mauryan Empire lasted a little over a hundred years and after the death of Ashoka, it began to break up. Several causes were responsible for the decline of this great empire.

These causes were as follows:

The successors of Ashoka were weak and incapable. They became careless and could not control such a big empire like that of the Mauryan mighty rulers like Chandragupta, Bindusara, and Ashoka.
Due to weak administration, the officers became corrupt and autocratic. The income of the state was badly affected. It became difficult to maintain a strong and large army.
Due to an unstable Government, the Mauryan Empire broke into pieces.
The network of roads was neglected. This disrupted trade and contact between regions. The large army could not be maintained without the regular flow of revenue.
The Greek rulers invaded Punjab and further weakened the decaying administration of the Mauryas.
Pushyamitra Sunga murdered the last Mauryan king Brihadratha and became the ruler of Patliputra.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 2 Components of Food

October 10, 2024October 9, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 2 Components of Food Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 2 Components of Food

Science Guide for Class 6 PSEB Components of Food Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 12)

Question 1.
What happens when we add few drops of iodine solution to raw potato?
Answer:
The colour of potato turns blue-black on addition of Iodine drops.

Question 2.
What is the colour of Iodine solution?
Answer:
Violet.

Question 3.
Besides raw potato which other food items can be used for testing of starch?
Answer:
Boiled rice, wheat flour, sweet potato and sugar cane.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 13)

Question 1.
Name the chemicals used to test the presence of proteins in food.
Answer:
Copper Sulphate (CUSO₄) solution and Caustic Soda (NaOH) solution.

Question 2.
Name any two food items containing protein.
Answer:
Boiled egg and peas.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 15)

Question 1.
Why paper becomes translucent when we crush cashew on it?
Answer:
Paper becomes translucent due to presence of oily patch.

Question 2.
Name any two food items that contain fats.
Answer:
Cashew, groundnut, mustard seeds.

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide Components of Food Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercise – 1

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(a) We use ………………. solution to test the presence of starch.
Answer:
iodine

(b) Potato, rice and wheat are rich sources of …………………
Answer:
carbohydrates (starch)

(d) Anaemia is caused by deficiency of ………………
Answer:
iron

(e) Goitre is caused by deficiency of …………………..
Answer:
iodine

2. Write True or False:

(a) Vitamin-D is synthesized when body is exposed to sunlight.
Answer:
True

(b) We get calcium from milk and milk products.
Answer:
True

(d) Rice alone can provide all necessary nutrients to body.
Answer:
False

(e) Night blindness is caused due to deficiency of vitamin A.
Answer:
True

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

Column A	Column B
1. Protein deficiency	(a) Rickets
2. Vitamin A	(b) Beri-Beri
3. Vitamin B	(c) Scurvy
4. Vitamin C	(d) Night blindness
5. Vitamin D	(e) Kwashiorkor

Answer:

Column A	Column B
1. Protein deficiency	(e) Kwashiorkor
2. Vitamin A	(d) Night blindness
3. Vitamin B	(b) Beri-Beri
4. Vitamin C	(c) Scurvy
5. Vitamin D	(a) Rickets

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Which of the following is rich source of Protein?
(a) Potato
(b) Mango
(c) Rice
(d) Moong Dal.
Answer:
(d) Moong Dal

Question (ii)
Which of the following is essential for normal functioning of thyroid gland?
(a) Vitamin D
(b) Calcium
(c) Iodine
(d) Iron
Answer:
(c) Iodine

Question (iii)
Anaemia is caused due to deficiency of :
(a) Vitamin A
(b) Calcium
(c) Iron
(d) Iodine
Answer:
(c) Iron

Exercise – 2

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What is balanced diet?
Answer:
The diet that contains adequate amount of all the essential nutrients, roughage and water for proper growth and development of body is called Balanced diet.

Question (ii)
What are the chief sources of carbohydrates?
Answer:
Bajra, jowar, rice, wheat, jaggery, mango, banana, potato, etc.

Question (iii)
Why are the proteins called body building foods?
Answer:
Proteins are essential for growth and repair of body cells so foods rich in protein content are called body building foods.

Question (iv)
What is the importance of roughage for human body?
Answer:
Roughage helps our body to get rid of indigestible food and prevents constipation. It also helps to retain water in food and growth of good bacteria in stomach.

Question (v)
Name any two food items containing fats.
Answer:
Meat, eggs, fish, milk and milk products like butter, ghee etc.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Why is water essential for life?
Answer:
Water is essential for life because it helps us in absorption of nutrients from food. It also helps us to get rid of wastes from body in the form of urine and sweat.

Question (ii)
Name five types of nutrients that our body need.
Answer:
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins.

Question (iii)
From where do we get vitamin C ? What can happen to human body due to the deficiency of vitamin C?
Answer:
We get vitamin C from citrus fruits (Lemon, Orange), amla, tomato, broccoli, etc. Due to deficiency of vitamin see we suffer from a disease called scurvy. The main symptoms of this disease are bleeding gums.

Question (iv)
Fats and carbohydrates are called energy giving foods. Explain Why ?
Answer:
These are called energy giving foods because these when digested release large amounts of energy needed for doing various activities.

7. Long Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What are deficiency diseases? Write briefly about the diseases caused by deficiency of proteins and carbohydrates in human body.
Answer:
The diseases caused due to shortage of nutrients in our diet for long time are called deficiency diseases. In other words, deficiency of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals results in certain diseases called deficiency diseases.

(1) Disease caused by deficiency of proteins and carbohydrates both is Marasmus. The main symptoms are dry skin, sunken eyes, prominent ribs, body becomes very lean, thin and weak enough that child may not be able to move.

(2) Disease caused by deficiency of proteins is Kwashiorkor. The main symptoms are stunted growth, swelling of face, dry skin, retention of water in body, discolouration of hair.

Question (ii)
Discuss the importance of minerals for human body.
Answer:
Minerals are the components of food that we need for good health and proper growth of body. These do not provide energy to body. These are needed in very small quantities. Iron, Calcium, Iodine and Phosphorus are important minerals for our body. Their deficiency can cause some disease.

Iron.
It is important mineral needed by our body for formation of haemoglobin in body. Main sources of iron are leafy vegetables, fruits, jaggery, etc. Its deficiency can cause anaemia.

Calcium.
It is important mineral needed by our body for formation of bones. Main sources of calcium are Milk and milk products, eggs, etc. Its deficiency can cause weak bones and tooth decay.

Phosphorous.
It is important mineral needed by our body for providing strength to bones and teeth. Main sources of phosphorus are milk, cheese, banana, bajra, nuts, etc. Its deficiency can cause weak bones and tooth decay.

Iodine.
It is important mineral needed by our body for normal functioning of thyroid gland. Main sources of iodine are iodised Salt, Sea food, Green leafy vegetables, etc. Its deficiency can cause goitre disease. The main symptom of this disease is enlargement of gland in neck (Thyroid).

Question (iii)
What are vitamins? Discuss the importance of different types of vitamins for human body.
Answer:
Vitamins are essential for proper functioning of our body. Like minerals they are also required in very small quantity and also do not provide any energy to body. We need many vitamins like A, B, C, D, E and K.

Vitamin A.
The main sources are eggs, meat, milk, cheese, green leafy vegetables, carrots, papya, etc. It is needed for maintaining healthy eyes and skin. Its deficiency can cause night blindness.

Vitamin B.
The main sources are milk, green vegetables, peas, eggs, cereals, mushrooms etc. It is needed for normal growth and functioning of central nervous system, digestive system. Its deficiency can cause beri-beri disease.

Vitamin C.
The main sources are milk, citrus fruits (lemon, orange), amla, tomato, broccoli, etc. It helps us to increase our immunity and fight against different diseases. Its deficiency can cause scurvy or bleeding gums disease.

Vitamin D.
The main sources are dairy products, fish liver oil, exposure to sunlight, etc. It is required for healthy bones and teeth. Its deficiency can cause rickets disease.

Vitamin E.
The main sources are nuts such as almonds, peanut, vegetable oils such as sunflower and soybean oils, leafy vegetables such as spinach and broccoli, etc. It protects cells from damage, and help in lowering a variety of health problems.

Vitamin K.
The main sources are green leafy vegetables (such as spinach, turnip, mustard, broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage), fish, meat, eggs, and cereals (contain smaller amounts), etc. It is needed for blood clotting.

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide Components of Food Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
Number of important nutrients of food needed by our body is :
(a) Two
(b) Four
(c) Five
(d) Ten.
Answer:
(c) Five

Question 2.
Which is not an energy giving food
(a) Water
(b) Roughage
(c) Vitamins
(d) All
Answer:
(d) All

Question 3.
It is needed for testing protein in a food material :
(a) A solution of Copper Sulphate and Caustic soda
(b) Nitric acid
(c) Iodine
(d) All of these
Answer:
(a) A solution of Copper Sulphate and Caustic soda

Question 4.
Iodine is used for testing :
(a) Carbohydrates (sugar)
(b) Protein
(c) Vitamin
(d) Water
Answer:
(a) Carbohydrates (sugar)

Question 5.
Milk Contains nutrients :
(a) Water
(b) Carbohydrates
(c) Proteins
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these

Question 6.
Lime, Amla are source of :
(a) Carbohydrates
(b) Minerals
(c) Proteins
(d) Vitamin-C.
Answer:
(d) Vitamin-C

Question 7.
Fats are tested by :
(a) Salt
(b) Taste
(c) Rubbing on paper
(d) Using iodine solution.
Answer:
(c) Rubbing on paper

Question 8.
Deficiency of Vitamin D causes :
(a) Scurvy
(b) Beri-Beri
(c) Rickets
(d) Goitre.
Answer:
(c) Rickets

Question 9.
Weak eye sight is symptom of :
(a) Scurvy
(b) Anaemia
(c) Rickets
(d) Night blindness.
Answer:
(d) Night blindness

Question 10.
Food which contains all the nutrients in proper amounts is known as :
(a) Good diet
(b) Complete diet
(c) Balanced diet
(d) Healthy diet.
Answer:
(c) Balanced diet

Question 11.
Play role in protecting body against diseases.
(a) Minerals
(b) Carbohydrates
(c) Fats
(d) Vitamins.
Answer:
(d) Vitamins.

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) The components of food needed by our body are called ……………….
Answer:
nutrients

(b) The fibrous indigestible material present in food is termed as ……………….
Answer:
roughage

(d) To conduct test some chemicals like …………….., ……………..and caustic soda are needed.
Answer:
iodine solution, copper sulphate

(e) ……………… and …………….. are the carbohydrates found in food.
Answer:
starch, sugar

(f) Carbohydrates and fats provide ……………. to the body.
Answer:
energy

(g) …………… …………….. help in protecting the body against diseases.
Answer:
Vitamins

(h) Proteins are body ……………… foods.
Answer:
building

(i) Different types of vitamins are …………….., ………….. ,………………. ,……………. and …………..
Answer:
A, B, C, D, E, K

(j) Besides different nutrients, water and ………….. are also needed by the body.
Answer:
Dietary fibres

(k) Roughage / dietary fibres helps body to get rid of …………….. food.
Answer:
undigested

(l) Diseases caused by …………….. of a nutrient is called deficiency disease.
Answer:
deficiency

(m) Vitamin C gets easily destroyed by …………… during cooking.
Answer:
heat

Write (T) against True and (F) against False statement:

(a) We need only three important nutrients in our food.
Answer:
False

(b) Iodine in a food item cannot be easily tested.
Answer:
False

(d) Fatty substances leave patchy marks on the surfaces on which they are kept or wrapped.
Answer:
True

(e) Proteins protect the body from diseases.
Answer:
False

(f) Only a single vitamin B is present in the body.
Answer:
False

(g) Leafy vegetables are source of roughage.
Answer:
True

(h) Milk and eggs are source of minerals.
Answer:
True

(i) Goitre is a disease caused by the deficiency of vitamin C.
Answer:
False

(j) Rickets is a disease in which teeth decay quickly.
Answer:
False

(k) Anaemia is a disease in which body weakens up due to lack of Iron.
Answer:
True

(l) Lack of vitamin B is cause of Beri-Beri.
Answer:
True

(m) Kwashiorkar is caused due to deficiency of vitamin A.
Answer:
False

Matching

Match the following items given in column A with that in column B :

Column A Diseases caused	Column B Deficiency of
(1) PEM	Vitamin A
(2) Beri-Beri	Vitamin D
(3) Scurvy	Vitamin B
(4) Goitre	Roughage
(5) Rickets	Proteins
(6) Night blindness	Vitamin C
(7) Constipation	Iodine

Answer:
(1) PEM – Proteins
(2) Beri-Beri – Vitamin B
(3) Scurvy – Vitamin C
(4) Goitre – Iodine
(5) Rickets – Vitamin D
(6) Night Blindness – Vitamin A
(7) Constipation – Roughage.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which are the important nutrients required for providing energy to our body for doing various activities?
Answer:
Carbohydrates and fats.

Question 2.
Which nutrient of food is body building?
Answer:
Protein is body building nutrient of food.

Question 3.
Which nutrients act as protective food?
Answer:
Vitamins and minerals.

Question 4.
Which is more energy rich nutrient – fat or carbohydrates?
Answer:
Fat.

Question 5.
Name diseases caused due to deficiency of vitamin ‘C’ and vitamin ‘D”.
Answer:
Vitamin ‘C’ – Scurvy, Vitamin ‘D’ – Rickets

Question 6.
Which foods are rich in fats?
Answer:
Oil, butter, ghee etc.

Question 7.
Which nutrient is present in Sugar, Potato and cereals?
Answer:
Carbohydrates.

Question 8.
What is effect of excess water in food material?
Answer:
Excess water helps in dissolving minerals.

Question 9.
Why should we not wash rice and dais repeatedly?
Answer:
This will cause loss of vitamins and minerals.

Question 10.
Which chemical is used for Testing Starch in food?
Answer:
Iodine solution.

Question 11.
What happens when copper sulphate solution and sodium hydroxide solution are added to a food material containing proteins ?
Answer:
Appearance of violet colour.

Question 12.
How are deficiency diseases prevented?
Answer:
By taking balanced diet.

Question 13.
What is the cause of kwashiorkar and marasmus?
Answer:
Deficiency of protein causes kwashiorkar whereas deficiency of proteins and carbohydrates both causes marasmus.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
List few sources of proteins and carbohydrates.
Answer:
(i) Sources of Proteins :
(a) Plant sources : Peas, Soyabean, Grains.
(b) Animal sources : Milk, Fish, Meat.

(ii) Sources of Carbohydrates : Sugarcane, Potato, Beetroots, Mango, Papaya, Banana, Maize.

Question 2.
List few sources of vitamins and fats.
Answer:
(i) Sources of Vitamins : milk, liver, grains, fruit, butter, egg, leafy vegetables.
(ii) Sources of Fats : Ghee, Butter, Oil, Cream.

Question 3.
What are deficiency diseases?
Answer:
Deficiency disease. Diseases that occur due to deficiency of one or more nutrients over a long period are called deficiency diseases. Anaemia, Rickets, Scurvy and Goitre are examples of deficiency diseases.

Question 4.
How will you test carbohydrates, and proteins present in the food?
Answer:
We can test carbohydrate by using iodine solution test. Here we observe that the colour of carbohydrate turns blue-black on addition of Iodine drops.
We can test presence of protein by adding two drops of Copper Sulphate (CUSO₄) and 10 drops of Caustic Soda (NaOH) solution to the test tube.

Question 5.
Why is roughage important for us ?
Answer:
Roughage is important for us because it

regulates the process of digestion.
controls the bowel movements.
increases the bulk of bowels.
prevents constipation.

Question 6.
We must take foods that provide us vitamins, why ?
Answer:
We must take foods that provide us vitamins because these

help to digest food.
keep the skin healthy.
keep teeth, joints and gums healthy.

Question 7.
Why are proteins better known as body building food ?
Answer:
Proteins. These are known as a body building food as they help in growth, repair and maintenance of the body.

Question 8.
What are different types of carbohydrates ?
Answer:
We have two types of carbohydrates. These are simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates. Glucose, fructose, lactose, sucrose, etc. are examples of simple carbohydrates. Starch, cellulose, etc. are examples of complex carbohydrates

Question 9.
Proteins are very important for us. Justify the statement.
Answer:
Proteins are very important for us because these play very important roles like proper growth and repair in our body. If we do not have enough protein in our diet then we may suffer from problems like kwashiorkor and marasmus.

Question 10.
Why vitamins are essential for our body ?
Answer:
Need of vitamins for human body. Vitamins are essential because :

They help to digest food.
They keep the skin and mouth healthy.
They keep teeth, gums and joints healthy.

Question 11.
What are the main sources of vitamin C and vitamin D ?
Answer:
Sources of vitamins. Vitamin C is found in all citrus fruits and many fresh vegetables. Vitamin D is found in fish, oil, eggs, milk and milk products.

Question 12.
Write the main difference between Vitamins and Minerals.
Answer:
Differences between Vitamins and Minerals.

Vitamins	Minerals
1. Vitamins are compounds which are present in our diet.	1. Minerals are inorganic salts which are present in our diet.
2. For example : Wheat, Rice, Milk, Citrus, fruit etc. are the sources of vitamins.	2. For example : Calcium, Phosphorus, Sodium, Iodine etc.

Question 13.
What are carbohydrates ?
Answer:
Carbohydrates.
These are the main constituents of almost all our diets and our food components. Carbohydrates are energy food. They provide energy to our body to do work and play. In addition carbohydrates add flavour to our food. Many processed foods including breads, pizzas, burgers, noodles, jams etc. are rich in carbohydrates. Sugar and starch are pure carbohydrate.

Question 14.
What are the effects of fat in diet ?
Answer:
Effects of excess fat in diet :

Obesity. Excessive deposition of fat on the tissues.
Digestive disturbances particularly in children.
Cholesterol accumulation/deposition around blood-vessel causing a disease arteriosclerosis and finally heart disease.

Question 15.
What disease is caused due to deficiency of vitamin C ?
Answer:
Deficiency of vitamin C causes Scurvy.
Example : A guinea pig has a disease of scurvy due to deficiency of vitamin C but when this vitamin was added to its diet, it became healthy and normal.

Question 16.
What is roughage ?
Answer:
Roughage and its role.
Roughage is mainly a plant food. Flour, cereals, potatoes, fresh fruits and raw or cooked vegetables provide roughage in our body. Dried beans and peas are also good sources of fibres.

Question 17.
What happens to a person if the diet is deficient in both carbohydrates and proteins for a longer period of time ?
Answer:
The growth may stop completely. Such a person becomes very lean, thin and so weak that he may not even be able to move.

Question 18.
Name three foods each rich in :
(i) Starch
(ii) Dietary Fibre
(iii) Fats and oils
(iv) Protein
(v) Sugar.
Answer:
(i) Starch : Rice, wheat, bajra.
(ii) Dietary fibre : Spinach, cabbage, lady finger.
(iii) Fats and oils : Ghee, butter, groundnut, cheese.
(iv) Protein : Milk, meat, fish, egg.
(v) Sugar : Milk, banana, sugarcane.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain ‘balanced diet’.
Answer:
Balanced diet.
A diet is said to be balanced when it provides the proper amount and proportion of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, roughage and water to maintain a healthy body. A balanced diet should have the following three qualities :

It should be rich in various essential nutrients like minerals and vitamins.
It should provide just enough raw material needed for the growth, development, repair and replacement of tissues of the body.
It should provide proper energy required by the body.

Question 2.
Write the important functions of water in our body.
Answer:
Important functions of water. The human body contains about 70% water. Water performs the following functions in our body :

It transports food materials within the body.
It helps in the formation of urine and faeces.
It regulates our body temperature.
It is essential part of blood and digestive juices.

Question 3.
Draw a table showing diseases / disorders caused by deficiency of vitamins and minerals.
Answer:
Diseases / disorders caused by deficiency of vitamins and minerals.

Vitamin/ Mineral	Deficiency disease/disorder	Symptoms
Vitamin A	Loss of vision	Poor vision, loss of vision in darkness (night), sometimes complete loss of vision.
Vitamin B	Beri-beri	Weak muscles and very little energy to work.
Vitamin C	Scurvy	Bleeding gums, wounds take a longer time to heal.
Vitamin D	Rickets	Bones become soft and bent.
Calcium	Bone and tooth-decay	Weak bones, tooth decay.
Iodine	Goiter	Glands in the neck appear swollen, mental disability in children.
Iron	Anaemia	Weakness

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. – 400 B.C.

October 10, 2024October 9, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions History Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. – 400 B.C. Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. – 400 B.C.

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB India: From 600 B.C. – 400 B.C. Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions :

Question 1.
What do you understand by Mahajanapada?
Answer:
By about 600 B.C., a part of the Ganga plain had been cleared of forests and people had settled down in different tracts. These territories were called Janapadas and named after the ruling clan in each area. The more powerful Janapadas among these were known as Mahajanapadas.

Question 2.
Write about any four important Mahajanapadas.
Answer:
Magadha, Kosala, Vatsa and Avanti were four important Mahajanapadas.

Magadha: Magadha was the most powerful Mahajanapada. It included Gaya and Patna areas of Bihar. Its capital city was Rajagriha.
Kosala: Kosala was another powerful Mahajanapada and its capital city was Ayodhya or Sketa.
Vatsa: The capital city of Vatsa was Kausambi.
Avanti: The capital city of Avanti Mahajanapada was Ujjain.

Question 3.
Write about the rise of Magadha under the Haryanjca dynasty.
Answer:
In the beginning, Magadha has comprised only the areas of Patna and Gaya in Bihar, but later on it saw a great rise under the rule of the Haryanka kings, namely Bimbisara and Ajatasatru.
1. Bimbisara: Bimbisara became the king of Magadha in about 543 B.C. He made his kingdom more powerful in many ways. He occupied the Ganga. He conquered the Artga State in the southeast and occupied the major port of the Gmga, namely Champa. His capital city was Rajagriha near Nalanda.

2. Ajatasatru: Ajatasatru was a son of Bimbisara. He murdered his father in 492 B,C. and became the ruler of Magadha. He invaded his neighbouring states and expanded his kingdom. He defeated Kashi, Kosala and Vaisali and made Magadha the most powerful kingdom of North India. He made Patliputra(Patna) his new capital.

Question 4.
What do you know about caste system during this period?
Answer:
In India of 600 B.C. to 400 B.C., the caste system and four stages of life were two most important features of society.
1. Caste System: The caste system was rigid. Society was mainly divided into four castes. These castes were Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and the lower castes. Brahmanas were given great respect in society, whereas low castes’ condition was very bad and they were ill-treated. The caste system was based on birth.

Besides the above four castes, there were several sub-castes based on professions. These sub-castes included carpenters, ironsmiths, goldsmiths, chariot-makers, potters and oil-pressers, etc.

Question 5.
Write a note about the punch-marked coins.
Answer:
In India of 600 B.C. to 400 B.C., copper and silver coins were used for transactions: These coins were mostly irregular pieces of metal in shape but of fixed weight. They were punched with various symbols. Such coins were known as the punch-marked coins.

Question 6.
What do you know about Jainism?
Answer:
Jainism came into existence in 600 B.C. There were twenty-four teachers of this religion, who were known as Tirthankaras. Adriana (Rishabhdeva) was the first and Vardhamana Mahavira was the 24th Tirthankara.

Vardhamana Mahavira

Teachings: Teachings of Jainism are as follows :

Ahimsa: Ahimsa is the main teaching of Jainism. Man should not hurt anybody. There is soul in even the smallest particle. So every effort should be made not to kill it.
Truth: Man should speak the truth. Truth purifies the soul. We should not speak ill of anybody.
Non-Stealing: Stealing is a sin. To take a thing or wealth without permission is stealing. It hurts others.
Non-Possession: We should not accumulate property. It causes attachment in life and ties man in worldly affairs.
Chastity: Man should follow chastity.
Hard Penance: Moksha can be achieved by hard penance, that frees the man from the cycle of birth and death.
Three Jewels: Three Jewels (Tri-ratna) is a way of achieving Moksha. These three jewels are Right Faith, Right Knowledge and Right Conduct.

Sects of Jainism: Shwetambara and Digambara are the two sects of Jainism.

Shwetambara: The followers of the 23rd Tirthankara Parshvanatha are called Shwetambaras. Shwetambaras wear white clothes.
Digambara: The followers of the 24th and last Tirthankara of Jainism are known as Digambaras. These saints wear no clothes.

Question 7.
Which are the main teachings of Buddhism?
Answer:
The main teachings of Buddhism are as follows :
1. Four Noble Truths. The Four Noble Truths of Buddhism are :

The world is full of sorrow.
The cause of sorrow is desire.
We can conquer sorrow by conquering desire.
Desire can be conquered by following the Eight Fold Path.

2. The Eightfold Path, Mahatma Buddha has suggested the Eightfold Path for freeing oneself from sorrow and achieving Nirvana. The eight principles of the Eightfold Path are

Right Belief,
Right Thought,
Right Speech,
Right Action,
Right Means of Livelihood,
Right Effort,
Right Recollection,
Right Meditation.

3. The Middle Path: Mahatma Buddha also taught the Middle Path. It means that one should not torture oneself by severe austerities, nor should one indulge in luxuries of life.

4. Moral Teachings: Moral teachings of Buddhism included non-violence, speaking the truth, non-use of intoxicants, not to accept or keep money, not to eat at odd hours, not coveting others’ property, etc.

II. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
Bimbisara ruled from __________ to B.C.
Answer:
543, 492.

Question 2.
Ministers were known as __________
Answer:
Amatyas

Question 3.
Agriculture and cattle rearing were the ____________ occupations.
Answer:
peasants

Question 4.
There have been _____________ Tirthankaras in Jainism.
Answer:
24

Question 5.
Gautama Buddha’s real name was __________
Answer:
Siddhartha

Question 6.
Lord Mahavir Ji spent Grihastha life till __________ years.
Answer:
30.

III. Match the columns :

Question 1.

A	B
(1) Magadha	(a) Republic
(2) Ajatasatru	(b) Mahajanapada
(3) Vajji	(c) Guild
(4) Shreni	(d)King
(5) Parsvanatha	(e) Ashtangika Marg
(6) Buddha	(f) Tirthankara

Answer:
Correct columns :

A	B
(1) Magadha	(b) Mahajanapada
(2) Ajatasatru	(d)King
(3) Vajji	(a) Republic
(4) Shreni	(c) Guild
(5) Parsvanatha	(f) Tirthankara
(6) Buddha	(e) Ashtangika Marg

IV. Write ‘true’ or ‘false’ in a statement :

Question 1.
Sixteen Mahajanapadas are mentioned in Buddhist literature.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Bimbisara ruled from 543 to 492 AD.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
The ministers were known as Chera.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Normal agriculture tax was IA of produce
Answer:
False

Question 5.
Sarthavaha was the leader of merchants.
Answer:
False

Question 6.
Gautama Buddha was son of Siddhartha.
Answer:
False

Question 7.
Jains believe that they had 24 Tirthankars.
Answer:
True

Question 8.
Gautama Budhha was not the son of Siddhartha.
Answer:
True.

V. Activities (Something To Do):

Question 1.
Locate the rivers Ganga, Yamuna and Indus on the map of India.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 2.
Find books on the lives of the Buddha and Mahavira in your school library and read them. Note down the anecdotes in their lives which interest you.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide India: From 600 B.C. – 400 B.C. Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Thirst or desire to get something is known as
(A) Tanha
(B) Prakrit
(C) Atman
(D) Vihara.
Answer:
(A) Tanha.

Question 2.
__________ are the Hindu religious books which literally means “approaching and sitting near.”
(A) Veda
(B) Upanishad
(C) Manu Smriti
(D) Epics.
Answer:
(B) Upanishad.

Question 3.
Followers of Vardhaman Mahavira are known as
(A) Jaina
(B) Buddha
(C) Mahavira
(D) Bhikkshu.
Answer:
(A) Jaina.

Question 4.
Followers of who beg food for themselves were known as Bhikkshu.
(A) Buddha
(B) Vishnu
(C) Mahavira
(D) Shiva.
Answer:
(A) Buddha.

Question 5.
__________ is a stage of life.
(A) Jati
(B) Varna
(C) Ashrama
(D) Purushartha.
Answer:
(C) Ashrama.

Question 6.
__________ was the founder of Buddhism.
(A) Mahavira
(B) Gautama Buddha
(C) Guru Nanak Dev
(D) Kabir.
Answer:
(B) Gautama Buddha.

Question 7.
Where did the Buddha die?
(A) Pataliputra
(B) Kaushambhi
(C) Magadha
(D) Kusinara.
Answer:
(D) Kusinara.

Question 8.
In __________ language the Buddha taught to the ordinary people?
(A) Hindi
(B) Gurmukhi
(C) Prakrit
(D) Devnagari.
Answer:
(C) Prakrit.

Question 9.
__________ language was used to compose the Vedas.
(A) Vedic Sanskrit
(B) Hindi
(C) Prakrit
(D) Devnagari.
Answer:
(A) Vedic Sanskrit.

Question 10.
Which of these, was a famous woman upanishadic thinker?
(A) Sita
(B) Gargi
(C) Draupadi
(D) Kunti.
Answer:
(B) Gargi.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name two famous republics.
Answer:
The Shakyas and the Lichchhvis were two famous republics.

Question 2.
Mention the names of two of the earliest kings of Magadha.
Answer:
Bimbisara and Ajatasatru were the two earliest kings of Magadha.

Question 3.
Name two dynasties which ruled over Magadha after the Haryanka dynasty.
Answer:
Shishunaga and Nanda dynasties.

Question 4.
Who was Mahapadma Nanda?
Answer:
Mahapadma Nanda was the most important ruler of the Nanda dynasty.

Question 5.
Which new cities came into existence during 600 B.C. to 400 B.C.?
Answer:
Several new cities came into existence during 600 B.C. to 400 B.C. The important amongst these were Varanasi, Rajagriha, Shravasti, Kaushambi, Vaishali, Champa, Ujjaiyini, Taxila, Ayodhya, Mathura, and Patliputra.

Question 6.
Who were known as Amatyas?
Answer:
Ministers were known as Amatyas.

Question 7.
What was the most important source of income of early kingdoms and republics?
Answer:
Taxes.

Question 8.
Who was the founder of Buddhism?
Answer:
Mahatma Buddha.

Question 9.
In which Mahajanapada did Vardhamana Mahavira and Mahatma Buddha preach?
Answer:
Vardhamana Mahavira and Mahatma Buddha preached in Magadha.

Question 10.
What was the position of king in India from 600 B.C. to 400 B.C.?
Answer:
The king held the supreme position. He was regarded as the protector of society and religion.

Question 11.
What message did Vardhamana Mahavira and Mahatma Buddha give to people?
Answer:
Vardhamana Mahavira and Mahatma Buddha taught the people to lead a good life and not to do wrong.

Question 12.
Who were Sarthvahas?
Answer:
Merchants from 600 B.C. to 400 B.C. were known as Sarthvahas.

Question 13.
What is meant by Jina?
Answer:
Jina means conqueror.

Question 14.
Where was Vardhamana Mahavira born?
Answer:
Vardhamana Mahavira was born at Kundagram near Vaishali in Bihar.

Question 15.
What was the real name of Mahatma Buddha? Where was he born?
Answer:
The real name of Mahatma Buddha was Siddhartha. He was born at Lumbini in Nepal.

Question 16.
Who was the last Nanda King?
Answer:
Dhan Nanda was the last Nanda King.

Question 17.
Name some of the officials of kings of Mahajan- apadas.
Answer:
Amatyas or Mantries, Purohita, Senapati, Sangrahatri, Cher a and Gramini were some of. the important officials of kings of Mahajanapadas.

Question 18.
What was Ashrama?
Answer:
Whole of the life span was divided into four stages which were known as Ashramas.

Question 19.
Name all four Ashramas.
Answer:
Brahmacharya Ashrama, Grihastha Ashrama, Vanaprastha Ashrama and Sanyasa Ashrama.

Question 20.
What were punch-marked coins?
Answer:
Coins in this age were punched with different symbols and these were known as punch-marked coins.

Question 21.
Which was the supreme body of monks in Buddhism?
Answer:
Mahatma Buddha founded the supreme body of monks which was known as the Buddhist Samgha.

Question 22.
What are Tripitaka?
Answer:
All the teachings of the Buddha are compiled in three major works which are known as Tripitaka.

Question 23.
What was Mahayana?
Answer:
Mahayana was one part of Buddhism which means the great vehicle and its followers believed in the idol worship of the Buddha as a god.

Question 24.
What was Hinayana?
Answer:
It was another part of Buddhism whose followers followed the original teachings of the Buddha and considered the Buddha as a great teacher.

Question 25.
What do you mean by Janapadas?
Answer:
Republics or monarchical states established in Northern India around 600 B.C.were known as Janapadas.

Question 26.
What were Mahajanapadas?
Answer:
Mahajanapadas were the more powerful Janapadas. They were sixteen in number around 600 B.C.. Vatsa, Magadha, Kosala etc. were some of them.

Question 27.
What is meant by Shreni?
Answer:
Persons with some profession organized themselves into guilds or unions. These guilds or unions were known as Shrenis.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why is the period between 600 B.C. to 400 B.C. known as the period of the second urbanization?
Answer:
Several big cities came into existence during the period between 600 B.C. and 400 B.C. These cities were called puras, nagaras or mahanagaras. Varanasi, Taxila, Ayodhya, Mathura, Rajagriha, Sravasti, Kaushambi, Vaishali, Champa, Ujjaiyini and Patliputra were some of the big cities. Because of the emergence of big cities, this period is known as the period of the second urbanisation. The first period of urbanisation was that of the Indus Valley Civilisation.

Question 2.
How did the position of a king grow in a kingdom? What sort of life did he lead?
Answer:
The Brahmanas made the position of the king very strong. They preached that the king was not an ordinary man. He was like a god among men. The Brahmanas also performed certain ceremonies to endow-the king with god-like virtues and powers. The king lived a splendid life. He lived in a big palace, married many wives and spent his days in comfort and luxury.

Question 3.
Write a note on the administration between 600 B.C. and 400 B.C.
Answer:
The king was very powerful. He ruled the state with the help of Purohita, Amatyas (ministers), Senapati, Sangrahatri, Chera and Gramini. He had many other officers to carry out the works of the state. To carry out the expenses of the state, the king collected taxes. Some amount was spent on the welfare of the people and some amount was given to the Brahmanas to look after the temples. With this income, the king could pay his soldiers and other state officers.

Question 4.
Give a brief account of the life of Vardhamana Mahavira.
Answer:
Vardhamana Mahavira was born at Kundanpur near Vaishali in Bihar in 600 B.C. He was the son of a chief called Siddhartha and his mother was Trishala Rani. He was the 24th and last Tirthankara of Jainism. He left his home and wandered about for many years, trying to find the answers to the questions of life which troubled him. After twelve years six months and fifteen days, he attained the truth. He spent the rest of his life in spreading Jainism. He told his followers that their deeds should be based on Right Faith, Right Knowledge and Right Action. He died at the age of 72.

Question 5.
Throw some light on the life of Mahatma Buddha.
Answer:
Mahatma Buddha was bom at Lumbini in Nepalese Tarai. His father’s name was Shuddodhana and his mother was Mayadevi. His real name was Siddhartha and he belonged to a royal family. He was married to Princess Yasodhara and had a son, Rahul. He left home after he had seen a sick man, an old man, and a dead man. He thought that this world is full of sorrow and misery. He wandered in search of salvation and finally found enlightenment under a peepal tree at Bodh Gaya in Bihar. He founded Buddhism and preached his religion for forty years. He died at the age of 80.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Describe the economic life of India between 600 B.C. and 400 B.C.
Answer:
Between 600 B.C. and 400 B.C. in India, the main occupations of people were agriculture and cattle-rearing. Peasants were normally the owners of the land. But there were also landless labourers who worked on others’ land for a living. Several types of crops such as wheat, rice, maize, barley, sugarcane, sesame, mustard, pulses, vegetables, and fruits were grown.

Other professions included industrial crafts and trade. Woodwork, pottery, leather tanning, shipbuilding, weaving, garland-making, iron-smithery, jewellery, ivory-work, and several other professions were adopted by people. Some people earned their livelihood by fishing, hunting, dancing, acting, snake-charming, etc. Persons following the same profession organized themselves into unions or guilds, called Shrines. Each guild had its own president or head.

Trade was carried on both within the country and with foreign lands. There were roads across the country, some of which connected with foreign lands or seaports. Goods were also carried through ships and boats in oceans and rivers. Merchants known as Sarthavaha carried goods from one place to the other and moved in caravans. Indian goods were in great demand in foreign countries. Copper and silver coins were used for transactions.

People had to pay taxes to the king. Normally 1/6th of agricultural produce was charged as tax from peasants. Taxes on industrial goods and trade were charged according to the value of the goods.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 The Vedic Age

October 8, 2024October 7, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions History Chapter 11 The Vedic Age Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 11 The Vedic Age

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB The Vedic Age Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 1.
Write five sentences about the political life of the Early Vedic Age.
Answer:
There were several tribal states in the early Vedic Age. These states often fought with each other. Each state had its own king who was generally selected for his strength and bravery. But later on, the kingship became hereditary. The king ruled according to the wishes of the tribe and he had various persons to assist him. The king’s duty was to protect the tribe. There were two important assemblies, namely Sabha and Samiti, with which the king discussed very important matters.

Question 2.
Which gods were worshipped by the Vedic people?
Answer:
The Vedic people worshipped gods of nature. Their main gods were Indra, Agni, Varuna, Soma, Prithvi, Surya, Pushan, Vishnu and Ashvins.

Question 3.
What do you know about the social life of the Vedic Age?
Answer:
The important points in the social life of the Vedic Age were as follows :
1. Varna System: The society was divided into four varnas. These varnas were Brahamanas, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas and fourth Varna. The varnas were based on occupation.

Brahmanas: The Brahamanas formed the intellectual class. They were devoted to study, teaching and religious affairs.
Kshatriyas: The Kshatriyas were the warrior class.
Vaisyas: Peasants and traders were included in the Vaishyas.
Slave class: Fourth Varna belonged to the slave class.

2. Family: Family consisted of father, mother, sisters and brothers. Joint family system was prevalent. Father headed the family. Each family wanted to have a son.

3. Position of Women: Women were given a great respect in society. They were educated and had the right to marry by their own choice. They participated in all social and religious ceremonies.

4. Food: The food of the Vedic people was simple but nourishing. Wheat, rice, pulses, fruit, vegetables, milk, butter and ghee were their main food items. Some people consumed non-vegetarian food also. They also consumed intoxicating items like Soma.

5. Dress and Ornaments: People wore turban, banian, shirt, dhoti, etc. Both men and women were fond of ornaments.

6. Means of Recreation: Hunting, chariot-races, horse-riding, dancing and singing, -gambling, etc. were the major means of recreation of people of the Vedic Age.

Question 4.
What were the economic activities of the Vedic people?
Answer:
Agriculture, cattle-rearing, workmanship and trade were the major economic activities of the Vedic people :
1. Agriculture: The Vedic people grew wheat, barley, cotton, rice, pulses, vegetables, etc. Fields were ploughed with the help of oxen.

2. Cattle-rearing: The Vedic people reared cow, horse, sheep, goat, ox, etc. Cow was held sacred and cow-slaughter was prohibited.

3. Workmanship: Iron-smiths, carpenters, chariot-makers, weavers, potters, etc. were the major workmen of the Vedic Age. People depended on them for their daily needs.

4. Trade: Trade was carried on both by land routes and by boats and ships in rivers and seas.

Question 5.
Which rivers flowed in the land of Saptasindhu?
Answer:
Saptasindhu stands for the land of seven rivers. Punjab was known as the land of Saptasindhu in the Vedic Age. The rivers forming this land included the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, Satluj and Sarasvati.

II. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
There were several small ________ in the early Vedic period.
Answer:
tribal states

Question 2.
The society was divided into four divisions, called the ________
Answer:
varnas

Question 3.
The main food items of the Vedic people were ________
Answer:
wheat and rice, pulses

Question 4.
The Vedic people were fond of ________
Answer:
outdoor games

Question 5.
The Vedic people worshipped ________
Answer:
nature.

III. Match the columns :

Question 1.

A	B
(i) Vipasa	(a) Political body
(ii) Sabha	(b) Branch of Science
(iii) Ayurveda	(c) A god
(iv) Varuna	(d) A river

Answer:
Correct columns :

A	B
(i) Vipasa	(d) A river
(ii) Sabha	(a) Political body
(iii) Ayurveda	(b) Branch of Science
(iv) Varuna	(c) A god

IV. Write ‘true’ or ‘false’ in the brackets given after each statement :

Question 1.
Parushni is the name of a river.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Indra was the Vedic God of rain.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Cow was not sacred to Vedic people.
Answer:
False.

Question 4.
Women were not respected in Vedic Age.
Answer:
False.

V. Activities (Something To Do) :

Question 1.
Make a list of the Vedic people’s gods that are worshipped even today.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 2.
Collect a few hymns from the Vedas.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide The Vedic Age Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Which of these is the oldest Hindu religious book?
(A) Vedas
(B) Ramayana
(C) Mahabharata
(D) Manu Smriti.
Answer:
(A) Vedas.

Question 2.
How many Vedas are there?
(A) Two
(B) Three
(C) Four
(D) Five.
Answer:
(C) Four.

Question 3.
Which of these is the oldest Veda?
(A) Rigveda
(B) Yajurveda
(C) Atharvaveda
(D) Samveda.
Answer:
(A) Rigveda.

Question 4.
________were yoked to chariots.
(A) Bulls
(B) Horses
(C) Dogs
(D) Cows.
Answer:
(B) Horses.

Question 5.
Beginning of the composition of the vedas dated back to around years ago.
(A) 3500
(B) 1500
(C) 2500
(D) 500.
Answer:
(A) 3500.

Question 6.
________ were used for all types of work.
(A) Women
(B) Slaves
(C) Men
(D) Children.
Answer:
(B) Slaves.

Question 7.
Megaliths were found in
(A) South India
(B) North-East India
(C) Kashmir
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 8.
What was included in the offerings made’ in Yajnas.
(A) Ghee
(B) Grain
(C) Animals
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 9.
Why were battles fought?
(A) to capture cattles, land
(B) on the issue of water
(C) to capture people to make them slaves
(D) all of these.
Answer:
(D) all of these.

Question 10.
Who was Charaka?
(A) Famous ancient Indian physician
(B) Ancient King
(C) Famous ancient Indian mathematician
(D) Famous astrologer.
Answer:
(A) Famous ancient Indian physician.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How do you come to know about the Vedic Civilization? .
Answer:
We come to know about the Vedic Civilization from the hymns and the poems and the stories which were composed during the Vedic Age.

Question 2.
Why is the Aryan period known as the Vedic Age?
Answer:
The Aryan period is known as the Vedic Age because the four Vedas were composed in this period.

Question 3.
What was the language of the Aryans?
Answer:
The language of the Aryans was Sanskrit.

Question 4.
Name the river on the banks of which the Vedas were written.
Answer:
The Sarasvati.

Question 5.
What did the Aryans do to please their gods?
Answer:
To please their gods, the Aryans performed yajnas.

Question 6.
In which part of India did the Aryans settle first?
Answer:
The Aryans at first settled in Punjab.

Question 7.
Make a list of the Vedic people’s gods who are worshipped even today.
Answer:
The Vedic people’s gods who are worshipped even today are Indra, Agni, Surya, etc.

Question 8.
Name the smallest unit of the Aryan society.
Answer:
Family.

Question 9.
Who was Senani?
Answer:
Senani was the commander of the warriors who assisted the king during a war.

Question 10.
What is Ashwamedha?
Answer:
Ashwamedha was a yajna performed by releasing a horse and claiming the land wherever it roamed.

Question 11.
Name the officers who assisted the king during the Early Vedic Age.
Answer:
The officers who assisted the king during the Early Vedic Age were Purohita, Senani, Gramini and others.

Question 12.
What was Sabha?
Answer:
Sabha was a smaller assembly of selected people of the village.

Question 13.
What was Samiti?
Answer:
Samiti was the assembly of whole village community. In this assembly anyone could speak his mind about any problem.

Question 14.
What are Upanishads?
Answer:
Upanishads are parts of the Vedas.

Question 15.
Name all four Vedas. Which of these is the oldest?
Answer:
The Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda and the Atharvaveda are the four Vedas. The Rigveda is the oldest Veda out of all four Vedas.

Question 16.
What is meant by Arya?
Answer:
The meaning of Arya is ‘noble’. It means an educated and well mannered person.

Question 17.
Who were Rajan and Samrat?
Answer:
Head of the State was king and was generally succeeded by his son. He was known as Rajan and the more powerful kings were known as Samrat.

Question 18.
What was Soma and Sura?
Answer:
People consumed a drink on special occasions which v is known as Soma. But few people also consumed alcoholic liquor which was known as Sura.

Question 19.
Why was consumption of Sura condemned?
Answer:
Sura was a alcoholic liquor whose consumption was considered as bad. That’s why its consumption was condemned.

Question 20.
What do you mean by the Epics?
Answer:
The Epics are the poems narrating continuously great events of one or more heroes, about their bravery and the battle which they fought.

Question 21.
Who were the Aryans?
Answer:
The people of the Vedic Civilization are known as the Aryans. They came to India from Central Asia or North-Eastern Iran.

Question 22.
What is meant by Vish and Jana?
Answer:
The meaning of Vish was a clan which was a group of families. The people of the tribe were called Jana.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What were the religious beliefs and practice’s of the Vedic people?
Answer:
The religious beliefs and practices of the Vedic people were simple. They worshipped all forms of nature. They worshipped sun, moon, sky, rain, air, fire and trees like peepal and animals like cow. They did not make temples or statues of their gods and goddesses. They sang songs in their praise in the open. They performed yajnas to please their gods. Hymns were sung at the time of yajnas.

Question 2.
Name the rivers the mention of which is found in the Rigveda.
Answer:
The mention of the rivers like the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, Satluj, Sarasvati, Yamuna and Ganga is found in the Rigveda. The Sarasvati was the most sacred river in the Vedic Age. The Punjab was known as Saptasindhu or the ‘Land of Seven Rivers’ after these rivers.

Question 3.
Describe the science and technology in the Vedic Civilization.
Answer:
Science and technology flourished during the Vedic Age. Mathematics and its branches like algebra, geometry and trigonometry were highly advanced. Astronomy and astrology were also well known. The Vedic people could calculate the movement of planets, occurrence of the eclipses of the sun and the moon and rotation of the earth on its axis and around the sun. The medical sciences were called Ayurveda and were fairly advanced.

Question 4.
Write few lines about ‘Rigveda’.
Answer:
The Rigveda is a collection of hymns in praise of nature god. It is the oldest book in the world. The Rigveda was not written by a single or one person but its hymns were written by a number of scholars, i.e. Rishis, over a long period of time and were included in it.

Question 5.
What is Vedic Literature?
Answer:
A number of books were written after the Vedas during a long period of time. Some of them explain the rituals mentioned in the Vedas, some of them are commentaries on the Vedas and few others are works of philosophy of religion. They are known as the Brahmans, Aranyakas, Upanishads and the Sutras. Together or collectively they are known as the Vedic Literature because they were composed during the long time of Vedic period.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Describe the administrative set up of the Vedic Age.
Answer:
Society in the Vedic Age was divided into tribes and each tribe had settled in a particular region. Each tribe heeded a leader or head who would defend it from aggression by other tribes.

These tribes fought over grasslands where their animal herds would graze.

King: King was the head of the tribal state. He ruled according to the wishes of the tribe. He was normally succeeded by his son. He was assisted by a number of persons.
Senani: Senani was the commander-in-chief of the king’s army.
Purohita: Purohita was the priest who performed the religious ceremonies for the king and advised him on various matters.
Sabha and Samiti: Sabha and Samiti were the two most important assemblies where the king consulted the members of tribes to take a final decision.
Gramini: Gramini was the head of the village. The king also consulted the Gramini.
Messengers: There were messengers through whom the king made contact with his tribesmen.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices

October 7, 2024October 6, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Computer Book Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Computer Science Chapter 7 Input Devices

Computer Guide for Class 6 PSEB Input Devices Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
……………. is used to click photos on the computer.
(a) Headphone
(b) Web camera
(c) Speakers
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Web Camera

Question 2.
Bar code Reader consists of ……………
(a) Sensor
(b) Light
(c) Heat
(d) Magnetic.
Answer:
(a) Sensor

Question 3.
………….. is a pointing device.
(a) Headphone
(b) Keyboard
(c) Mouse
(d) Web Camera
Answer:
(c) Mouse

Question 4.
………….. is used to add text and picture in computer.
(a) Printer
(b) Scanner
(c) Speakers
(d) Mouse
Answer:
(b) Scanner

Question 5.
keys are used to. move cursor in all directions.
(a) Arrow
(b) Special
(c) Function
(d) Numeric.
Answer:
(a) Arrow.

2. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which device is used to capture pictures on the computer?
Answer:
Web Camera.

Question 2.
Which part of Paint window is used to move screen?
Answer:
Window Border.

Question 3.
How many function keys are there on a keyboard?
Answer:
12.

Question 4.
Which device is used to control video games?
Answer:
Joy Stick.

Question 5.
Which keys are used to move cursor?
Answer:
Arrow Keys.

3. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define input devices.
Answer:
Input devices are those devices which are used to enter data and instructions in the computer.

Question 2.
Write the name of any six input devices.
Answer:
The name of 6 input devices are :

Keyboard
Mouse
Scanner
Webcam
Light Pen
Joy Stick.

Question 3.
Write a short note on Joy Stick.
Answer:
Joy Stick is a pointing device which is used to give input to the computer. A Joy Stick consists of a base and a stick on it. This stick can be moved in all four directions. With the movement of the stick the mouse pointer moves on the computer screen. Joy Sticks are mainly used to play games on the computer.

4. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain any two input devices.
Answer:
The two most commonly used input devices are :
1. Keyboard :
Keyboard is the main input device used in computers. This device is used to enter textual data to the computer. The keyboard is a flat device which has various keys on it. When a key is pressed on the keyboard, it is a special signal to the computer. There are many types of keys available on the keyboard. Also many types of keyboards are available in the market. The user can use the keyboard as per his convenience.

Types of Keys :
Keyboard has the following types of keys. These are :

Alphabetical Keys
Numeric Keys
Functional Key
Special Keys
Arrow Keys
Special Symbols Keys.

2. Mouse :
Mouse is an important input pointing device. It is used to control cursor movements on the screen. It is a small hand holding device. It is also called a pointing device. Generally it has three buttons. It is called a mouse because of its shape. Mouse is rolled over a flat surface. As you move a mouse, the cursor also moves on the screen in the same direction.

3. Mouse Pad :
The pad on which we move the mouse is known as the Mouse pad. Mouse has following three buttons :

Left Button
Right Button
Scroll Button.

Question 2.
Write a note on Bar Code Reader.
Answer:
A Bar code reader (or Bar code scanner) is an electronic device for reading printed bar codes. Like a flat bed scanner, it consists of a light source, a lens and a light sensor translating optical impulses into electrical ones. It is used in shops, stores for different purposes. These are helpful in stores in order to maintain accurate and updated inventory monitoring. They can help to determine the price of an item. It is a fixed input gadget that is used to capture and read information enclosed in a bar code. This device consists of a scanner.

Question 3.
What is Mouse ? Explain the functions of Mouse Buttons.
Answer:
Mouse is an important Input Pointing device. It is used to control cursor movements on the screen. It is a small hand holding device. It is also called a pointing device. Generally it has three buttons. It is called a mouse because of its shape. Mouse is rolled over a flat surface. As you move a mouse, the cursor also moves on the screen in the same direction.

Mouse has following three buttons :

Left Button
Right Button
Scroll Button

(i) Left Button :
Generally left button is used for selecting an item or running a program. When the left button on the mouse is pressed then it is called a “click” operation. When this button is pressed twice, it is called “Double Click”. The programs are opened with double click. While things are selected with a single click.

(ii) Right Button :
When we press the right button, it is called right click. It is used to open a shortcut menu.

(iii) Scroll Button :
It is just like a wheel fixed in the centre of the left and right button of the mouse. It rotates the screen which is called scrolling. It is used to move the screen up and down.

Question 4.
What are pointing devices? Explain with Examples.
Answer:
Pointing devices are those devices which are used to point on screen for or providing instructions to the computer. These devices are used on graphical user interfaces only. Most of these devices control the pointer on the computer screen. These are used to click or select command from the computer screen. There are lot of pointing devices used these days.

Few of these pointing devices are :

Mouse
Joy Stick
Light Pen

Question 5.
Explain Special Keys and their functions.
Answer:
As the name suggests special keys are used for special purposes. Each special key is used to perform a specal function. Some special keys with their functions are mentioned as under :
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices - 8

Group Activity:

Take the students to computer lab in a group to Identify the Keyboard’s keys. Let’s count and write the no. of keys of given type on your keyboard in a list below :
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices - 1
Answer:

PSEB 6th Class Computer Guide Input Devices Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
……………… devices gives input to computer.
(a) Input
(b) Output
(c) Process
(d) Control.
Answer:
(a) Input

Question 2.
………………… sends pictures to computer.
(a) Mouse
(b) Web camera
(c) Light Pen
(d) Monitor.
Answer:
(b) Web Camera

Question 3.
…………………….. its used to play video games.
(a) Mouse
(b) Screen
(c) Joy Stick
(d) Keyboard.
Answer:
(c) Joy Stick

Question 4.
……………. is used to enter text.
(a) Mouse
(b) Touch Screen
(c) Keyboard
(d) Light Pen.
Answer:
(c) Keyboard.

2. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How many buttons does a common computer mouse has?
Answer:
Three.

Question 2.
What is Light Pen ?
Answer:
Light pen is an input device which is used to draw on screen.

Question 3.
What is Joy Stick ?
Answer:
Joy Stick is an input device used to control pointer on screen.

Question 4.
What is Touch Screen ?
Answer:
Touch screen is a display screen used to get input using fingers.

Question 5.
Name any 6 input devices.
Answer:
Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Touch pad, Bar code reader, Light pen.

Question 6.
What is Biometric ?
Answer:
Biometric is an input device which gets the input from human body.

Question 7.
What is electronic signature pad ?
Answer:
It is an input device which is used to get digital signature of user.

3. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are Input Devices ?
Answer:
An input device is a device which is used to enter data and instructions in the computer, It means input devices read data into a computer system. It allows users to interact with computers and control it.

Question 2.
What is Microphone?
Answer:
Microphone is an input device which is used to input voice or audio in the computer. It is a mic, which is connected to computer using some wire. It is also used to give voice commands to computer.

Question 3.
What do you mean by Web Camera?
Answer:
A web camera is just like a digital camera attached to a computer. It gives pictures and videos as input to the computer. Web Camera is used to click photographs. It works similar to a digital camera, but the web camera saves photos on the computer. Web camera is not an expensive device. We can use this device for video conferencing.

Question 4.
What do you mean by Scanner?
Answer:
Scanner is an input device. It is used to add text and pictures on the computer. It works like a Photostat Machine. Scanner scans a picture or document and gives it to the computer in the form of a digital signal. Scanners are available in many types and shapes in the market.

4. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain Keybaord and its Keys.
Answer:
This is main Input Device. A Keyboard is a device with set of keys that enables you to enter text data in to a computer. A keyboard has many buttons which are called keys. A keyboard is used for typing letters, words, numbers and special symbols. It is a standard input device. Number of Keys on a keyboard can be vary among different types of keyboards.
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices - 4

Types of Keys : Keyboard has following types of Keys. These are
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices - 5

Alphabetical Keys (A to Z) : Alphabet keys are used to type characters. These keys are present in the middle of the keyboard. All the keys A to Z are called alphabet keys.

Numeric Keys (0 to 9): The numeric keys are used to type numbers. These keys are present below the functional keys. On the right side of keyboard a special pad is present. It contains 17 keys. This key pad is called numeric key pad.This pad is similar to calculator, because along with numbers it also has mathematical signs and enter key. On the left top of the pad, a key named num lock is also provided. The Key’s of this key pad works if num lock is on. The status indicated by the indicator on the keyboard.

Functional keys (F1 to F12): These are 12 keys. These are from F1 to F12. These are located at the top of the keyboard. The function of these keys can be different for different program. Eg. F1 key is generally used for help
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices - 7

Special Keys: Each special key is used to perform a special function. Some special key with their functions are mentioned as under
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices - 8

Arrow Keys : These are used to move cursor. These are four in number. These can move up, down, left, right. Arrow Keys are used to
move the cursor in all directions.

Special Symbol Keys :
These are special symbols used in typing to represent some special meaning. These symbols are used to represent pause in sentence, full stop, arithmetic operations etc.
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices - 9

Question 2.
Write a note on Bar Code.
Answer:
A Barcode reader (or Barcode scanner) is an electronic device for reading printed barcodes. Like a flatbed scanner, it consists of a light source, a lens and a light sensor translating optical impulses into electrical ones. It is used in shops, stores for different reasons. These are helpful in stores in order to maintain accurate and updated inventory monitoring. They can help to determine the price of an item. It is a fixed input gadget that is used to capture and read information enclosed in a bar code. This device consists of scanner.
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices - 11

Question 3.
What do you mean by Mouse? Explain.
Answer:
Mouse is an important Input device. It is used to control cursor movements on the screen. It is a small hand holding device. It is also called pointing device. Generally it has three buttons. It is called mouse because of its shape. Mouse is rolled over a flat surface. As you move a mouse, the cursor also moves on the screen in same direction
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices - 10

Mouse pad : The pad on which we move the mouse is known as the Mouse pad.

Mouse has following three buttons:

Left Button
Right Button
Scroll Button

Left Button : Generally left button is used for selecting an item or running a program. When left button on mouse is pressed then it is called “click” operation. When This button is pressed twice, it is called “Double Click”. The programs are opened with double click. While things are selected with single click.

Right Button : When we press right button, it is called right-click. It is used to open shortcut Menu.

Scroll Button : It is just like a wheel fixed in the centre of left and right button of mouse. It rotates the screen which is called scrolling. It is used to move screen up and down.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices

October 7, 2024October 6, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Computer Book Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Computer Science Chapter 8 Output Devices

Computer Guide for Class 6 PSEB Output Devices Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
Monitor is soft and is hard output device.
(a) Printer
(b) Plotter
(c) Both of these
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Printer

Question 2.
………….. is used to listen to sound of computer
(a) Printer
(b) Speaker
(c) Microphone
(d) Mouse.
Answer:
(b) Speaker

Question 3.
……………. prints output on paper
(a) Printer
(b) Keyboard
(c) Mouse
(d) Speaker.
answer:
(a) Printer

Question 4.
……………. printer prints by joining dots
(a) Dot matrix
(b) Inkjet
(c) Laser
(d) None of these
answer:
(a) Dot Matrix

Question 5.
Monitors are of …………. types.
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
answer:
(a) 2

Question 6.
Headphones are also called …………
(a) IPhone
(b) Earphone
(c) Both of these
(d) None of these
answer:
(b) Earphone.

2. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are output devices?
Answer:
Output devices are those devices which are used to get output from the computer.
They can give us soft as well as hard copies of output.

Question 2.
What are Speakers?
Answer:
Speaker is an output device which is used to get sound output from the computer. It is connected to sound card in the computer.

Question 3.
Where is projector used ?
Answer:
Projectors are used to display the output in big size. These are mainly used in meetings or to display presentations to a large number of people. They are also used in the classroom for teaching.

Question 4.
What are the types of printers ?
Answer:
The different types of printers are :

Dot Matrix printer
Ink printer
laser printer.

Question 5.
Write a note on Printer ?
Answer:
Printer is an output device which is used to get a hard copy of the output. They can print black and white as well as in color. There are many types of printers available these days. Printers give the output on paper.

Question 6.
Write the name of any three output devices.
Answer:
The name of three output devices are :

Printer
Monitor
Speaker.

3. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write note on the monitor and its types.
Answer:
Monitor is also called visual display terminal. It is used to get a soft copy of the output. It is the most common output device. It looks like a television screen.

There are different kinds of monitors available these days:

Cathode ray tube
Flat panel display

1. Cathode ray tube monitor :
These monitors were used in earlier days. These monitors use cathode ray technology to display the information. These look like bulky television sets. The size of these monitors is measured by the diagonal length on the screen. Monitors are available in 15, 17, 19 and 21 inches screens. Initially these were black and white but now colored monitors are also available.

2. Flat panel display monitors:
These are the monitors which have a thin display portion. These are reduced in volume, weight and Pi requirement. These monitors can be hung up on the walls. We can see these monitors on calculators, video games, laptop computers etc. These monitors consume less power. Some examples of flat panel display monitors are LCD, LED and plasma.

Question 1.
Write the difference between Input and Output Devices.
Answer:
Following are the differences between input and output devices :

Input devices:

These are used to give input to computer
Data and instructions are given as input using these devices
Input devices are available in large categories
Some common input devices are keyboard, mouse, scanner, web camera

Output devices:

These devices are used to get output from the computer
After processing information is taken using these devices
The categories of availability of in output devices is less
The common output devices are printer, monitor, speaker

Activity
Let’s check our knowledge in the form of an activity. Count the devices in your school and fill in the boxes against their names. Also Tick (V) in the related box for each device type:
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices - 4
Answer:

PSEB 6th Class Computer Guide Output Devices Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
Speakers give ………….. type of output.
(a) Speed
(b) Light
(c) Sound
(d) Text
Answer:
(c) Sound

Question 2.
Headphone work like ……………..
(a) Monitor
(b) Speaker
(c) Printer
(d) Projector
Answer:
(b) Speaker

Question 3.
displays large images ………………
(a) Monitor
(b) Printer
(c) Projector
(d) Plotter
Answer:
(c) Projector

Question 4.
…………….. prints large images
(a) Printer
(b) Plotter
(c) Speaker
(d) Projector
Answer:
(b) Plotter.

2. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name different types of output devices.
Answer:
Output devices are of following types:

Monitor
Printer
Speaker
Headphone
Plotter
Projector.

Question 2.
Name the types of monitors.
Answer:
Monitors are of two types:

Cathode Ray Tube Monitor
Flat Panel Display Monitor.

Question 3.
Where the projectors are used?
Answer:
Projectors are used to display large display to large number of audience.

Question 4.
Name the types of printers.
Answer:
Printers are of following types:

Dot Matrix Printer
Inkjet Printer
Laser Printer

Question 5.
Writer a note on Plotter.
Answer:
Plotter is an output device which is used to print big sized text and images. It works like printer but on large scale. It is used in CAD. Plotters are of different types.

Question 6.
Name the devices which can be used as both input and output devices.
Answer:
Pendrive, CD, DVD, Modem, Touch Screen.

Question 7.
What are speakers?
Answer:
Speakers are output devices which are used to give audio output. We can listen music, songs etc. using speakers. Speakers are of many types.

Question 8.
What do you mean by headphones?
Answer:
Headphones are output device which work like speakers. They are used by placing in ears. They are also called ear phones.

3. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are printers? Explain three types of printers.
Answer:
Printer prints output on paper. It is a hard output device. The output of printer is permanent. Its output can be preserved. Printers are available with different speed resolution and size in the market. Black and white as well as coloured Printers are available now a days. Coloured printers
give coloured printout.

Printers are of three types:

Dot matrix Printer
Inkjet Printer
Laser Printer

Dot Matrix Printer:
This type of printers prints by joining dots. Its printing cost is very low.Its speed is slow and their printing output is very poor. It produces sound while working. The resolution of its printing is very low
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices - 1

Inkjet Printer:
This type of printer is an example of coloured printer. These printers are having less cost and it does not produce sound while working. Its speed is faster than dot matrix printer. The running cost of this type of printers is very high.
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices - 2

Laser Printer:
This type of printers is both black and white as well as coloured. These printers are very costly. Their speed is very fast as compared to other printers. Their printing quality is very high. They work silently and their running cost is very low. These printers are most widely used due to their less running cost and very high printing quality.
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices - 3

Question 2.
Differentiate between CRT and Flat Panel Display.
Answer:
CRT Monitor:

CRT monitors are big in size
CRT monitors are heavy
They produce large amount of heat.
They use more electricity
CRT monitors are cheaper

Flat Panel Display Monitors:

Flat panel monitors are small in size
Flat panel monitors are light weight
Flat panel produce very less heat
They use less electricity
These monitors are costly

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From

October 7, 2024October 6, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From

Science Guide for Class 6 PSEB Food Where Does It Come From Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 2)

Question 1.
What are materials needed to prepare food items called?
Answer:
Ingredients.

Question 2.
What ingredients are used to prepare Kheer?
Answer:
Ingredients for preparing kheer are milk, rice, sugar, and dry fruits.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 4)

Question 1.
Which term is used for the part of plant we use as food?
Answer:
The plant parts which are used by us as food are called edible parts.

Question 2.
Which part of mango tree is edible?
Answer:
Fruit.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 6)

Question 1.
Name two animals which eat only plants or plant products?
Answer:
Cow and goat

Question 2.
Name two animals which eat only flesh?
Answer:
Lion and tiger.

Question 3.
Name two animals which eat both plants and animals?
Answer:
Cat and dog.

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide Food Where Does It Come From Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercise – 1

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(a) Materials needed to prepare food items are called ………………
Answer:
ingredients

(b) White part of egg is called …………………
Answer:
albumin

(d) ……………… and ………………… of mustard is used as food.
Answer:
Leaves, seeds,

(e) Honeybee collects ………………… from flowers.
Answer:
nectar

2. Write True or False:

(a) All animals are carnivores.
Answer:
False

(b) Root of sweet potato is used as food.
Answer:
True

(d) Stem of sugarcane is used to prepare juice, sugar and jaggery.
Answer:
True

(e) Butter, curd and Honey are milk products.
Answer:
False

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

Column A	Column B
1. Carrot	(a) Pulses
2. Gram, Peas	(b) Fruit
3. Wheat, Rice	(c) Root
4. Potato	(d) Cereals
5. Orange	(e) Stem

Answer:

Column A	Column B
1. Carrot	(c) Root
2. Gram, Peas	(a) Pulses
3. Wheat, Rice	(d) Cereals
4. Potato	(e) Stem
5. Orange	(b) Fruit

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Which of the following is an omnivorous animal?
(a) Lion
(b) Eagle
(c) Dear
(d) Crow
Answer:
(d) Crow

Question (ii)
Which part of cabbage is used as food?
(a) Stem
(b) Root
(c) Leaves
(d) None of above.
Answer:
(c) Leaves

Exercise-2

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What are ingredients?
Answer:
The materials needed to prepare food items are called ingredients.

Question (ii)
Name any three milk products.
Answer:
Cheese, butter, curd, and cream.

Question (iii)
Name any two seeds which are used as spices.
Answer:
Ginger, and turmeric.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
How are the seeds important source of human food?
Answer:
Seeds are important ingredients of our food. Pulses are seeds of gram, peas, kidney beans and green gram (moong) are rich sources of protein. Cereals are seeds of grass plants like wheat, rice and maize. These are good sources of carbohydrates. Seeds of many plants are good sources of edible oils like mustard, groundnut and coconut.

Question (ii)
What is the importance of food for living beings?
Answer:
Food is very important because it

provides energy to do work.
helps in growth and development of body.
protects us from diseases.
keeps us healthy.
helps in healing the injured body parts.

Question (iii)
Write briefly about any two food products that we get from animals.
Answer:
We get different food ingredients from animals. Some of the examples are milk, eggs, meat, honey, etc.

Milk and Milk Products.
Milk is used worldwide as food. It is also converted into dairy products like cheese, butter, curd, cream etc. We use milk of buffalo, cow, goat and sheep. Milk contains proteins, sugar, fats and vitamins. It is very good for health.

Honey.
Honey is sweet and thick fluid produced by honeybees. Honeybees collect nectar from flowers and convert it into honey and store it in their hives. Honey contains sugar, Water, minerals, enzymes and vitamins. Honey is being used as food and medicine since ancient times.

Question (iv)
Write briefly about any two food products that we get from plants.
Answer:
We get different food products from plants. Examples are fruits, seeds, edible leaves, roots and stems.

Fruits.
Fruits are important source of vitamins and minerals and are also essential for good health. Fruits like apple, mango, guava, papaya, orange, etc. are eaten raw. Some fruits are also used to make pickles, jams and juices.

Seeds.
Seeds of many plants used as food and food ingredients.
Gram, peas, kidney beans and green gram (moong) are examples of pulses. These are rich sources of proteins.

Seeds of grass like crops e.g. wheat, rice and maize are known as cereals. These are good sources of carbohydrates. Wheat flour is used to make chapati, bread and biscuits.

Seeds of coriander (dhania), cumin (zeera) and black pepper are used as spices in kitchen. Oil of mustard seeds is used in cooking.

7. Long Answer Type Question :

Question (i)
How can we categorise animals on the basis of their food habits? Explain with the help of examples.
Answer:
We can categorise animals on the basis of their food habits into three categories. These are :
(1) Herbivores,
(2) Carnivores and
(3) Omnivores.

(1) Herbivores are the animals which eat only plants and plant products are called herbivores, e.g. cow, goat, rabbit, sheep, deer, elephant, etc.

(2) Carnivores are the animals which eat other animals are called carnivores, e.g. lion, tiger, lizard, snake, etc.

(3) Omnivores are the animals which eat both plant and animals are called omnivores, e.g. Crow, bear, dog and rat, man, etc.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Food Where Does It Come From Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
The following root is eaten by us.
(a) Turnip
(b) Rose
(c) Brinjal
(d) Potato
Answer:
(a) Turnip

Question 2.
Fruit of following plant is a food to us.
(a) Wheat
(b) Tomato
(c) Spinach
(d) Sugarcane.
Answer:
(b) Tomato

Question 3.
Which is a herbivore :
(a) Goat
(b) Lion
(c) Hawk
(d) Dog
Answer:
(a) Goat

Question 4.
Cat is an example of :
(a) Herbivore
(b) Carnivore
(c) Omnivore
(d) none.
Answer:
(c) Omnivore

Question 5.
Milk product is :
(a) Curd
(b) Paneer
(c) Ghee
(d) All
Answer:
(d) All

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) Food is prepared by using one or two or more ……………
Answer:
ingredients

(b) We get …………….. and ………………. from plants.
Answer:
fruits, vegetables

(d) Paddy is source of ……………….
Answer:
rice

(e) Some plants have more than one parts.
Answer:
edible

(f) Banana leaf is used as a ………………
Answer:
plate (saucer)

(g) Seeds of mustard give us …………….
Answer:
oil

(h) Honey-bees prepare honey from the ……………. of the flowers.
Answer:
nectar

(i) On the basis of eating habits, the living organisms are grouped into ………………. and ………………
Answer:
herbivores, carnivores, omnivores.

Write (T) against True and (F) against False statement:

(a) Plants are source of seeds, fruits, vegetables, spices etc.
Answer:
True

(b) Butter, cream, cheese and curd are milk products.
Answer:
True

(d) We can eat stems and flowers of some plants.
Answer:
True

(e) Turmeric is an example of spice.
Answer:
True

(f) Seeds of moong and kidney beans are example of pulses.
Answer:
True

(g) Plants can prepare their food by a process called respiration.
Answer:
False

(h) Lions and tigers eat other animals for their food so they are called carnivores.
Answer:
True

Match the following items given in column A with that in column B:

Column A	Column B
(1) Lion	Collect nectar
(2) Deer	Photosynthesis
(3) Man	Eat other animals
(4) Female mosquito	Eat plants
(5) Honey bee	Take food from plants and animals.
(6) Green plants	Human blood.

Answer:
(1) Lion – Eat other animals
(2) Deer – Eat plants
(3) Man – Take food from plants and animals.
(4) Female mosquito – Human blood
(5) Honey bee – Collect nectar
(6) Green plants – Photosynthesis.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
List five carnivores.
Answer:
Carnivores :

Lion,
Tiger,
Wolf,
Lizard,
Vulture.

Question 2.
Give examples of five herbivores.
Answer:
Herbivores :

Deer,
Goat,
Elephant,
Cow,
Buffalo.

Question 3.
List three omnivores.
Answer:

Man,
Dog,
Crow.

Question 4.
Which parts of plant are edible?
Answer:
Root, stem, leaf, flower i.e. all parts of a plant are edible.

Question 5.
Which food product is prepared by bees?
Answer:
Honey.

Question 6.
Name plants whose seeds are eaten as food.
Answer:
Moong, chana, peas, wheat etc.

Question 7.
Should we eat unknown plants? Why?
Answer:
No, we should not do so because some plants are poisonous.

Question 8.
Where is nectar collected from and stored by bees?
Answer:
Nectar is collected from flowers and stored in their beehives.

Question 9.
Name some stems which are used as spices?
Answer:
Ginger and turmeric.

Question 10.
List four food products are that obtained from animals?
Answer:

Milk,
eggs,
meat and
honey.

Question 11.
Name four food items prepared from milk.
Answer:

Curd,
cream,
butter and
cheese.

Question 12.
Why do we need to take food?
Answer:
For getting energy and for doing various physical activities.

Question 13.
How can you classify foods?
Answer:
Classification of food. Classification of food is done in the following categories :

Energy giving food
Body building food
Protective food.

Question 14.
Name four examples of animals which (i) give us milk and (ii) give us meat to eat.
Answer:
Animals which give us milk are (i) Cow (ii) Buffalo (iii) Goat (iv) Camel.
Animals which give us meat are (i) Pig (ii) Goat (iii) Chicken (iv) Sheep.

Question 15.
Name two animals which give us eggs to eat.
Answer:

Hen
Duck.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Differentiate between carnivores, herbivores and omnivores.
Answer:
Carnivores. These are the animals which obtain their food by eating other animals. Examples are lion, tiger, lizard, snake, etc.

Herbivores. Animals which eat only plants and plant products are called herbivores. Examples are cow, goat, rabbit, sheep, deer, elephant, etc.

Omnivores. Animals which eat both plants and animals are called omnivores. Examples are crow, bear, dog, rat, etc. Humans can also eat all types of substances, so they are also an example of omnivores.

Question 2.
Differentiate between pulses and cereals.
Answer:
Pulses are the seeds of plants like gram, peas, kidney beans, green gram (moong). These are good source of proteins.

Cereals are the seeds of plants like wheat, rice, maize, etc. These are good source of carbohydrates.

Question 3.
What are the main sources of food for different animals including man? Give examples.
Answer:
All animals and humans get their food from plants and other animals.
Food from plants : grains, pulses, fruits, vegetables, spices.
Food from Animals : milk, meat, milk products, etc.

Question 4.
Why are plants called producers and animals are called consumers?
Answer:
We know plants can synthesis their food by using carbon dioxide and water from the surrounding using the green pigment called chlorophyll and sunlight. For this reason these are called producers. On the other hand, animals cannot synthesise their food like plants so they depend upon plants or other animals for their food. Hence they are called consumers.

Question 5.
Why is a man called an omnivorous animal?
Answer:
Man is called an omnivorous animal because he eats both, plant food (such as grains, pulses, fruits and vegetables) as well as meat of animals (such as goat, chicken and fish). ‘Omnivorous animals’ are also called ‘Omnivores’.

Question 6.
Give examples of plants which have (i) roots, (ii) leaves and (iii) stems as edible parts.
Answer:
(i) We eat roots of carrot, radish, turnip, sweet potato, etc.
(ii) We eat leaves of mustard, spinach, cabbage, coriander, mint, etc.
(iii) We eat stems of ginger, potato, onion, sugarcane, turmeric, etc.

Question 7.
We eat fruits and seeds of some plants. Give some examples of such plants.
Answer:
We eat fruits of plants like mango, apple, guava, papaya, orange, etc. On the other hand we eat seeds of pulses, cereals, etc.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give the main ingredients and their sources for the following food items. Kheer, matar paneer, chapati/roti, karhi and parantha
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From 1

Question 2.
Write a short note on honey and milk.
Answer:
Honey.
It is sweet and thick fluid produced by honeybees. They collect nectar from flowers and convert it into honey. Sugar, water, minerals, enzymes and vitamins are the main ingredients of honey. Honey is stored in the beehives. It is in use as food and medicine since ancient times.

Milk.
It is known as complete food as it gives us all ingredients like fats, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins. It is a food consumed all over the world. It can also be converted into many other products like cheese, butter, curd, cream, etc. We obtain milk from animals like buffalo, cow, goat, camel, sheep, etc.

Question 3.
Write down the functions or importance of food.
Answer:
Food is essential for all living organisms because of the following reasons :
(i) It provides energy. The food that we eat is digested, absorbed and then oxidised to
provide energy. The energy thus released, is utilised by all living organisms to perform various
activities like running, walking and various movements.

(ii) It helps in growth and development. The food provides all necessary materials for cell division and helps in growth and development.

(iii) It helps to overcome wear and tear. Food is also needed by living beings for replacement and reparing of their damaged parts.

(iv) It protects the body against diseases. Food gives us resistance against diseases and protects us from infection.

Question 4.
Write short notes on eggs and meat as food items.
Answer:
Eggs and meat are food items obtained from animals. People who eat eggs and meat are known as non-vegetarians.

(i) Eggs. Eggs are also a very common food item for people. We commonly eat eggs produced by hens and ducks. The eggs we eat have a hard shell outside. Inside this shell we have a white part called albumin and a yellow part called yolk. Albumin is rich in proteins whereas yolk is rich in fats.

(ii) Meat. We eat the flesh of some animals which is known as meat. Meat is also eaten by a large number of people all over the world. We generally eat the meat of goat, sheep, chicken, and fish. All types of meat have proteins and fats as the main ingredient. In addition, we also eat sea animals like prawns, oysters, crabs, etc.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization

October 7, 2024October 6, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions History Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB Early Man: The Stone Age Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 1.
Name some important cities of the Harappan Civilization.
Answer:
Some important cities of the Harappan Civilization were Harappa, Mohenjodaro, Lothal, Kalibangan, Banawali, etc.

Question 2.
What do you know about the social life of the Indus Valley people?
Answer:
The social life of the Indus Valley people was highly developed. The people ate wheat, barley, rice, pulses, fruits, vegetables, and drank milk. They also ate meat and fish. Both cotton and woollen clothes were worn. The women wore a long skirt and blouse, the skirt being held at the waist by a girdle. The men wrapped long pieces of cloth around themselves. Both men and women were fond of fashion and wearing ornaments. Rich people wore gold, silver and precious stones whereas the poor people wore jewellery made of bones, terracotta and semi-precious beads.

People were fond of games. Dancing and singing, playing of dice and chess, hunting, etc. were the main sources of amusement. For the children, there were toys made of clay.

Question 3.
Write a note on the town planning of the Indus Civilization.
Answer:
The town planning of the Indus Civilization was remarkable. The cities were usually divided into two parts. The upper part built on raised platforms was the citadel. It included the public buildings, the granaries, the more important workshops and the religious buildings. The lower part was inhabited by common people. If the city was attacked or threatened by floods, the inhabitants of the lower city found refuge in the citadel. The cities had wide and straight roads and streets that intersected at right angles. The drainage system was quite good that helped in the cleanliness of cities.

Question 4.
What were the causes of the decline of the Harappan Civilization?
Answer:
The Harappan Civilization lasted for about a thousand years. By 1500 B.C., when the Aryans began to arrive in India, the Harappan Civilization had collapsed. Nothing can be said in certain how this civilization declined.

Various scholars have mentioned different reasons for the decline of the Harappan Civilization.

The Aryans waged a war against the people of the Harappan Civilization and defeated them. Consequently, the Harappan Civilization was ruined. But this view is not supported these days.
Regular floods in the river Indus and its tributaries destroyed this civilization.
About 1900 B.C. the river Sarasvati got dried and the Harappan people moved towards east in the Ganga plain.
Earthquakes or an epidemic destroyed this civilization.
The climate began to change and the region became more and more dry, like a desert. It resulted in unproductivity of the land.

Question 5.
What were the economic activities of the Indus Valley Civilization people?
Answer:
The Indus people led a prosperous economic life. Agriculture was the main occupation of the people. Plenty of wheat, barley and cotton were grown. Animals like sheep, bulls, cows, pigs, camels and elephants were reared. People living in cities were traders. They had good trade contacts with foreign lands like Mesopotamia. Pottery and brick-making were important industries. Metal workers made tools and implements. Women were engaged in spinning and weaving.

Question 6.
Write about any two centres of Harappan Civilisation in Punjab.
Answer:
1. Sanghol: Sanghol is situated in the Ludhiana district. This town was excavated in 1968 A.D. by S.S. Talwar and R.S. Bist. A number of statues and utensils of Indus valley have been found here. This centre had a big trench which always remained full with water.

2. Sunat: This site is also situated in Ludhiana district. It was excavated in 1983-84 A.D. The remains found here give us good information about the last period of Harappan Civilization.

II. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
Harappan civilization was about ________ times bigger than the Egyptian civilization.
Answer:
20

Question 2.
In Punjab, ________, ________, ________ and ________ yielded remains of this civilization.
Answer:
Sanghol, Rohira, Surat, Kotla Nihang Khan

Question 3.
Houses were made of ________ and ________
Answer:
baked bricks, wood

Question 4.
A large ________ hall has been discovered at Mohenjodaro.
Answer:
pillared

Question 5.
Men and women were fond of jewellery and ________
Answer:
other fashions

Question 6.
The people worshipped ________
Answer:
Mother Goddess

Question 7.
The Peepal tree was considered ________
Answer:
sacred.

III. Match the columns :

Question 1.

A	B
(i) Pasupati	(a) Port city
(ii) Mohenjodaro	(b) Writing
(iii) Lothal	(c) God
(iv) Pictograph	(d) Great Bath

Answer:
Correct columns:

A	B
(i) Pasupati	(c) God
(ii) Mohenjodaro	(d) Great Bath
(iii) Lothal	(a) Port city
(iv) Pictograph	(b) Writing

IV. Write ‘true’ or ‘false’ in the brackets given after each statement:

Question 1.
Ropar (Roopnagar) is located in Pakistan.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
Mother Goddess was not worshipped by the Harappan people.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Punjab has no remains of the Indus Civilization.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
The Indus people did not know the art of writing.
Answer:
False

V. Activities (Something To Do) :

Question 1.
Visit the museum and see the excavated articles of the Harappan civilization.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 2.
On a map of India mark the cities of the Harappan civilization.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 3.
Draw sketches of the seals and the jewellery of the Harappan people and display them in your class.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide The Harappan Civilization Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Name some special buildings which were constructed on the citadel.
(A) The Great Bath
(B) Fire altars
(C) Elaborate Store houses
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 2.
Which of these materials is used to make things found by archaeologists in Harappan cities?
(A) Stone
(B) Metal
(C) Shell
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 3.
Which of these metals was used in Harappan civilisation?
(A) Gold
(B) Copper
(C) Silver
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 4.
The weights were generally made of ________
(A) Chert
(B) Silver
(C) Gold
(D) Stone.
Answer:
(A) Chert.

Question 5.
The Harappan also made seals out of ________
(A) Gold
(B) Silver
(C) Stone
(D) Chert.
Answer:
(C) Stone.

Question 6.
Gold and silver were used to make ornaments and
(A) vessels
(B) chariots
(C) weights
(D) none of these.
Answer:
(A) vessels.

Question 7.
________ was a very special tank found in Mohenjodaro.
(A) The Great Bath
(B) Fire altars
(C) Elaborate storehouses
(D) None of these.
Answer:
(A) The Great Bath.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the Indians who started excavations in Harappa for the first time. When did they excavate?
Answer:
The Indians who started excavations in Harappa for the first time were Daya Ram Sahni and R.D. Banerjee. They excavated in 1921-22 A.D.

Question 2.
What was found at Lothal (Gujarat)?
Answer:
The ruins of a port were found at Lothal (Gujarat).

Question 3.
Which pictures were mostly depicted on seals found out during excavations?
Answer:
The pictures of animals, birds, trees and gods and goddesses were depicted on seals.

Question 4.
Which was the oldest city discovered in India?
Answer:
The oldest city discovered in India was Mohenjodaro. Now it is in Pakistan.

Question 5.
Name the people with whom the Harappans had trading contacts.
Answer:
The Harappans had trading contacts with the Sumerians.

Question 6.
Which was the centre of foreign trade in India during the Harappan Civilization?
Answer:
Lothal (Gujarat) was the main centre of foreign trade in India during the Harappan Civilization.

Question 7.
Name the script used by the Harappan people. Has it been deciphered by now?
Answer:
The Harappan people used the pictographic script. This script has not yet been deciphered.

Question 8.
Which metals did the Harappan people use?
Answer:
The Harappan people used copper, bronze, lead, tin, silver and gold.

Question 9.
Name a tree which the Harappan people treated as sacred.
Answer:
Peepal.

Question 10.
Which crops were widely grown during the Harappan Civilization?
Answer:
Wheat and barley were widely grown during the Harappan Civilization.

Question 11.
When did the Harappan Civilization come to light?
Answer:
Harappan civilization came to light with the Harappan discovery located in Montgomery district of Punjab and Mohenjodaro in the Larkana district of Sind in 1921-22.

Question 12.
Why was a large pillared hall used at Mohenjodaro?
Answer:
Large pillared hall was probably used for public meetings or for some religious purpose.

Question 13.
Which ornaments were used by the Harappan people?
Answer:
Harappan women wore necklaces, bangles, ear-rings, etc. and men wore earrings, bracelets and pendants.

Question 14.
Which were the favourite pastime games of the Harappan people?
Answer:
Harappan people were fond of both outdoor and indoor games. Playing of dice and chess, dancing, racing, hunting etc. were some of their favourite pastimes.

Question 15.
Which Gods and Goddesses were worshiped by the Harappan. people?
Answer:
Harappan people worshiped Mother Goddess. They also worshiped, Pasupati the another name of God Siva. He was also worshiped in the form of Sivalinga.

Question 16.
When Indus Valley Civilization came to an end?
Answer:
Around 1500 B.C., Indus Valley Civilization came to an end.

Question 17.
What was Granary?
Answer:
In the citadel at Harappa, the most impressive buildings were the granaries. These buildings were neatly laid out in rectangles and in them grain was stored.

Question 18.
What was the Great Bath?
Answer:
The best known building in the Mohenjodaro citadel was the Great Bath. It was 39 feet long, 23 feet broad and 8 feet deep.

Question 19.
What is meant by Pictographs?
Answer:
The Harappan people knew how to write apd their language was written in picture like signs, called pictographs.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why is the Harappan Civilization also called the .Indus Valley Civilization?
Answer:
The cities of Harappa and Mohenjodaro were discovered in the Indus Valley. Some other sites sharing the same culture were found in the Indus Valley. That is why the Harappan Civilization is also called the Indus Valley Civilization.

Question 2.
Describe the buildings of the Harappan Civilization.
Answer:
The buildings of the Harappan Civilization were built of baked bricks. The walls were plastered and coloured. The roofs were flat. The buildings had a few windows and plenty of doors. In the building, there was a courtyard. Some buildings had their own wells. Every building had its own bathroom and kitchen.

Question 3.
What do you know about the roads and streets of the Harappan Civilization?
Answer:
The roads and streets of the Harappan Civilization were well planned. They were wide. They ran straight and intersected one another at right angles. The houses were built on both sides of streets.

Question 4.
Describe the Great Bath of Mohenjodaro.
Answer:
The Great Bath is the most remarkable structure found in Mohenjodaro. It was a common bathing place. It had galleries all around. There were many rooms on either side, for changing dress. On one side, there were steps leading into the bath. Arrangements were made to drain the used water through a network of the drainage system.

The Great Bath at Mohenjodaro

Question 5.
Discuss the religion of the Harappan people.
Answer:
We cannot give any definite opinion about the religion of the Harappan people. No temples or houses of worship could be traced from the ruins so far. The female terracotta figurines discovered from various sites indicate that people worshipped Mother Goddess. Some seals bearing the picture of Pasupati (God Shiva) have been found. He was also worshipped in the form of Sivalinga. The Harappan people also worshipped bull and peepal tree.

Question 6.
Which were the main centres of the world’s earliest civilizations?
Answer:
There were four main centres of the world’s earliest civilization and these were :

The Valley of river Nile (Egypt)
The Valley of rivers Tigris and Euphrates (Mesopotamia)
The Valley of river Indus (Indus Valley)
The Valley of rivers Hwang-Ho and Yangtse Kiang.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Describe the centres of the Harappan Civilization in Punjab.
Answer:
During excavations, the Archaeological Department of Punjab has discovered several places in Punjab which belong to the Harappan Civilization.

A brief account of these centres is as follows :
1. Sanghol: Sanghol is situated in District Ludhiana. The town was excavated in 1968 A.D. by S.S. Talwar and R.S. Bist There have been found many utensils and statues of the Harappan Civilization. This centre had a big trench which always remained full with water. It was built so that the city could be protected from enemies.

2. Rohira: Rohira, is situated in Sangrur District. This place was excavated in 1976-1977 A.D. There found the utensils, bricks, and toys made of clay, etc. It looks like that the Harappan Civilization and the Rohira Civilization had been contemporary to each other.

3. Sunat: Sunat is situated in Ludhiana District. It was excavated in 1983-84 A.D. The remains found at Sunat give us great information about the last period of the Harappan Civilization.

4. Kotla Nihang Khan: Kotla Nihang Khan is situated in District Ropar. It was discovered in 1953 A.D. by Y.D. Sharma The utensils, tools, and ornaments found here are very much similar to those found in the Harappan Civilization.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

October 5, 2024October 4, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Science Guide for Class 6 PSEB Getting to Know Plants Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No.63)

Question 1.
Rose plant is a ………………
Answer:
Shrub.

Question 2.
Mango plant is a ………………
Answer:
Tree.

Question 3.
Wheat plant is a ……………….
Answer:
Herb.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No.65)

Question 1
………….. help in absorption of water and minerals from the soil.
Answer:
Roots.

Question 2.
Why does plant in pot B, wilt ?
Answer:
Because, its roots have been cut.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No.66)

Question 1.
It is not easy to pull out a plant from the soil because it has strong ……………….
(i) Roots
(ii) Flower
(iii) Stem
(iv) Leaves.
Answer:
(i) Roots.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No.67)

Question 1.
…………… always grows upwards.
Answer:
Stem.

Question 2.
Why white flower of balsam plant show specks of red colour ?
Answer:
Because, the coloured water moves through the stem. This proves that stems help in movement of water.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No.69)

Question 1.
What are stomata ?
Answer:
Small pores on the surface of a leaf are called stomata.

Question 2.
Define transpiration.
Answer:
Loss of water vapour from plants through stomata is called transpiration.

Exercise – 1

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide Getting to Know Plants Textbook Questions and Answers

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) ……………… roots do not have any main root.
Answer:
Fibrous

(b) The arrangement of veins in a leaf is called ……………….
Answer:
Venation

(d) The stem of a tree is called ……………….
Answer:
Trunk

2. Write True or False:

(a) Loss of water from leaves is called transpiration.
Answer:
True

(b) Chlorophyll is responsible for the green colour in leaves.
Answer:
True

(d) Stamen is the female reproductive part of a flower.
Answer:
False

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

Column A	Column B
1. Root	(a) protects the flower in bud
2. Climber	(b) absorbs water
3. Sepal	(c) keeps the plant upright
4. Stem	(d) money plant

Answer:

Column A	Column B
1. Root	(b) absorbs water
2. Climber	(d) money plant
3. Sepal	(a) protects the flower in bud
4. Stem	(c) keeps the plant upright

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Mango plant is a …………….
(a) Herb
(b) Shrub
(c) Tree
(d) Root.
Answer:
(c) Tree

Question (ii)
Photosynthesis takes place in:
(a) Stem
(b) Root
(c) Pistill
(d) Leaves.
Answer:
(d) Leaves.

Question (iii)
The points on the stem where leaves grow are called:
(a) Buds
(b) Nodes
(c) Axiles
(d) Internodes.
Answer:
(b) Nodes

Question (iv)
The process of losing water by leaves is known as:
(a) Absorption
(b) Transpiration
(c) Photosynthesis
(d) Anchorage.
Answer:
(b) Transpiration

Exercise – 2

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What is the flat green portion of a leaf called ?
Answer:
Leaf blade or Lamina is a flat green portion of a leaf.

Question (ii)
What is venation ? Write its different types.
Answer:
The arrangement of veins in a leaf is called venation. It is of two types.

Parallel venation
Reticulate venation.

Question (iii)
What is calyx ?
Answer:
Collection of sepals (the outermost green leafy structure) is called calyx.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What is the difference between tap root and fibrous root ?
Answer:

Tap root	Fibrous root
(1) Penetrate deep into soil	(1) Shallow and do not penetrate deep.
(2) Have long main root.	(2) Do not contain any main root.
(3) Roots are of different thickness.	(3) Roots are of same thickness
(4) For example: Radish, neem, mango etc.	(4) For example: Grass, wheat, banana etc.

Question (ii)
Write the main functions of leaves.
Answer:
Main functions of leaves are :

To prepare food from carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight called Photosynthesis.
Stomata present in leaves help in exchange of gases.
Transpiration is performed by stomata in leaves.
In some plants leaves are used for protection. For example opuntia.

Question (iii)
What are creepers ? Give one example.
Answer:
The Herbs which have weak stem that cannot stand upright and spread on ground called creepers.
For example : Pumpkin.

7. Long Answer Type Questions :

Question (i)
What are the different parts of a leaf ? Explain with labelled diagram.
Answer:
Parts of the leaf are : Petiole, Lamina, Leaf base, midrib and veins.
(1) Petiole. The leaf is attached to stem by a short stalk called Petiole.
(2) Lamina. The flat, green, expanded portion of leaf called Lamina or leaf blade.
(3) Leaf base. The end of Lamina joining the petiole is called leaf base.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 1
(4) Midrib. The thick vein in the middle of the leaf called midrib.
(5) Veins. The lines on leaf called veins.

Question (ii)
Draw the diagram of a flower and describe its parts.
Answer:
Flower is an attractive, colourful and beautiful part of flowering plant. It is attached to stem by pedicel.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 2
Parts of a Flower :
Parts of flower consist of : Sepals, petals. Stamens, Pistil.

Sepals. Outermost green leaves are sepals and collectively claled calyx. It protect flower in bud stage.
Petals. The coloured leaf like structure are petals, and collectively called Corolla. Petals attract insects for pollination.
Stamens. It is the male part of flower. It consist of :
(a) Filament : The thin stalk
(b) Anther. The two lobed head that produes pollen grans.
Pistil. It is the female part of flower and is a flask shaped structure in the middle of flower. It consists of :
(a) Ovary. Lower broader portion and contains ovary. It takes part in reproduction.
(b) Style. Narrow middle portion.
(c) Stigma. Sticky end at top of style

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Getting to Know Plants Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
Example of climber is :
(a) grape vine
(b) gourd plant
(c) maize
(d) rose.
Answer:
(a) grape vine

Question 2.
Reticulate venation is found in the leaves of:
(a) rose plant
(b) mango plant
(c) money plant
(d) all the above
Answer:
(d) all the above

Question 3.
The most prominent part of a bud is:
(a) sepal
(b) petal
(c) stamen
(d) pistil
Answer:
(b) petal

Question 4.
The number and colour of petals of rose plants are:
(a) one
(b) two
(c) five
(d) many.
Answer:
(d) many.

Question 5.
The process of producing food by leaves is:
(a) Photosynthesis
(b) Venation
(c) Herb
(d) Stimulus.
Answer:
(a) Photosynthesis

Question 6.
A change that produces a reaction in an organism is:
(a) Respiration
(b) Stimulus
(c) Photosynthesis
(d) Venation.
Answer:
(b) Stimulus

Question 7.
The process by which living organisms make energy is:
(a) Respiration
(b) Stimulus
(c) Venation
(d) Photosynthesis.
Answer:
(a) Respiration

Question 8.
Tulsi is a:
(a) Herb
(b) Shrub
(c) Tree
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Herb

Question 9.
Palm is a:
(a) Herb
(b) Shrub
(c) Tree
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Tree

Question 10.
Rose is a:
(a) Herb
(b) Shrub
(c) Tree
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Shrub

Question 11.
Guava, papaya and banana are:
(a) flowering plants
(b) non-flowering plants
(c) stem
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) flowering plants

Question 12.
The autotrophs are:
(a) All animals
(b) All animals and plants
(c) All green plants
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) All green plants

Question 13.
Carrot, radish and turnip are:
(a) Modified stem
(b) Modified root
(c) Modified leaf
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Modified root

Question 14.
Which of the following is not a part of flower?
(a) Petals
(b) Sepals
(c) Pistil
(d) Lamina.
Answer:
(d) Lamina.

Question 15.
Potato is an underground:
(a) Root
(b) Leaf
(c) Stem
(d) Fruits.
Answer:
(c) Stem

Question 16.
Horse is an animal:
(a) Carnivorous
(b) Herbivorous
(c) Omnivorous
(d) None.
Answer:
(b) Herbivorous

Question 17.
The growth in animals is:
(a) Reversible
(b) Irreversible
(c) Uncertain
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Irreversible

Question 18.
Which one of the following is a unicellular animal ?
(a) Jelly fish
(b) Mimosa pudica
(c) Amoeba
(d) All of the above.
Answer:
(c) Amoeba

Question 19.
Green plants prepare their own food with the help of:
(a) carbon dioxide
(b) water
(c) sunlight
(d) all of the above.
Answer:
(d) all of the above.

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) Plants having hard, taller and thicks stem are called ……………….
Answer:
trees

(b) Some unwanted plants grown along with crop are …………………
Answer:
weeds

(d) Climbers take ……………… on neighbouring structures and climb up.
Answer:
support

(e) Stem …………….. water.
Answer:
conducts

(f) There are ……………… tubes inside stem which transport water and mineral to leaves.
Answer:
narrow

(g) The part of a leaf by which it is attached to the stem is called …………….. .
Answer:
Petiole

(h) The thick vein in the middle of leaf is ……………… .
Answer:
midrib

(i) Plants release a lot of water into ………………. through transpiration.
Answer:
air

(j) Roots ………….. the plant to the soil.
Answer:
anchor

(k) There exists a relation between type of a root and leaf ……………….
Answer:
venation

(l) Some roots like …………… ,…………… and …………….. eaten as food.
Answer:
carrot, radish, turnip

(m) …………… are the coloured parts of a flower.
Answer:
Petals

(n) Small bead like structure inside the ovary are ……………. .
Answer:
ovules

(o) Never ……………… flowers.
Answer:
pluck

Write (T) against true and (F) against false statements.

(a) Plants having small, green and tender stem are called Shrubs.
Answer:
False

(b) Grape vine is an example of a creeper.
Answer:
False

(d) Plants with parallel venation have fibrous roots.
Answer:
True

(e) Photosynthesis process is done in stems of plants.
Answer:
False

(f) Grass, wheat, maize have flowers.
Answer:
False

(g) Sepals are coloured part of a flower.
Answer:
False

(h) Marigold is group of flowers.
Answer:
True

(i) Different flowers have different number of stamens.
Answer:
True

(j) Pistil of all flowers is same.
False

Match the following:

Column A	Column B
(1) Root	Making food.
(2) Stem	Absorbing salts and water.
(3) Leaf	Supplying food to the plant.
(4) Seed	Creating a new plant.

Answer:
(1) Root – Absorbing salts and water
(2) Stem – Supplying food to the plant
(3) Leaf – Making food
(4) Seed – Creating a new plant.

Match the items given in column A with those given in column B in the following:

Column A	Column B
(1) Neem	Storage of food
(2) Radish	Modified stem
(3) Potato	Tap root
(4) Tendrils	Photosynthesis
(5) Chlorophyll	Grapevine

Answer:
(1) Neem – Tap root
(2) Radish – Stroage of food
(3) Potato – Modified stem
(4) Tendrils – grapevine
(5) Chlorophyll – Photosynthesis.

Very Short ANswer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define Trees.
Answer:
Trees. The tall plants having a single strong stem branched at top are called trees.

Question 2.
Give two examples of herbs.
Answer:
Herbs. Wheat, balsam.

Question 3.
Which type of plants are Moss, Algae and Fern ?
Answer:
Non-flowering type.

Question 4.
Which part of a flower attracts insects ?
Answer:
Petals (colourful part) attracts insects.

Question 5.
Bud is protected by some leaves. What are they known as ?
Answer:
Sepals protect the bud.

Question 6.
Name two root systems found in plants.
Answer:
Two roots systems in plants are :

Tap root
Fibrous root.

Question 7.
What are parts of a leaf ?
Answer:
Parts of a leaf are :

Lamina
Midrib
Petiole.

Question 8.
Which underground stems are used as food ?
Answer:
Potato, Ginger.

Question 9.
Name different parts of a flower.
Answer:
Parts of a flower,

Sepals
Petals
Stamens
Pistils.

Question 10.
Name reproductive parts of a flower.
Answer:

Stamen
Pistil.

Question 11.
Name the male reproductive part of a flower.
Answer:
Stamen.

Question 12.
In which part of a flower ovary is found ?
Answer:
Pistil.

Question 13.
How plants are classified on the basis of size and structure ?
Answer:
Herbs, shrubs and trees.

Question 14.
What are shrubs ? Give examples.
Answer:
Medium sized plants within branches starting just above the ground are shrubs, e.g. heena, lemon etc.

Question 15.
What are herbs ? Give examples.
Answer:
Herbs. Small and non-woody plants are herbs e.g. wheat, balsam.

Question 16.
What is photosynthesis ?
Answer:
Photosynthesis. The process by which green leaves produce food for plants in the presence of sun light, water and carbon dioxide is called photosynthesis.

Question 17.
Why are leaves generally green ?
Answer:
The green colour of leaves is because of presence of chlorophyll.

Question 18.
What are non-flowering plants ? Give example ?
Answer:
The plants which do not bear flowers are non-flowering plants e.g. Moss, algae, fern.

Question 19.
What are Creepers ?
Answer:
Creepers. Plants which run on the ground are creepers.

Question 20.
What are Climbers ?
Answer:
Climbers : Plants which need support to stand up are climbers.

Question 21.
Define node ?
Answer:
Node. The part of stem where branches and leaf attached are called nodes.

Question 22.
Define Internode.
Answer:
Internode. The part of stem between two consecutive nodes is intemode.

Question 23.
What is difference between the stems of shrub and tree ?
Answer:
Stem of shrub is hard and thin but that of tree is hard and bulky.

Question 24.
Name two flowers with joined sepals ?
Answer:
Dhatura and Loki.

Question 25.
Name two flowers with separate sepals ?
Answer:
Gurkal and mustard.

Question 26.
What is a cell ?
Answer:
Cell. A cell is a structural and functional unit of life.

Question 27.
What is nutrition ?
Answer:
Nutrition. It is the process of taking food.

Question 28.
What is respiration ?
Answer:
Respiration is the process of taking oxygen and giving out carbon dioxide.

Question 29.
What is food of fish ?
Answer:
Aquatic insects and micro-organisms.

Question 30.
What is food of frog ?
Answer:
Food of Frog. Small insects.

Question 31.
Name an organism whose body consists of only one cell.
Answer:
Amoeba is a unicellular organism.

Question 32.
What are autotrophs ?
Answer:
Autotrophs. Living organisms that prepare their own food.

Question 33.
What are heterotrophs ?
Answer:
Heterotrophs. Living organisms that depend upon other living or dead organisms for their food.

Question 34.
Why do animals need food ?
Answer:
Animals need food for growth and maintenance of the body.

Question 35.
What is the process of removal of wastes by plants called ?
Answer:
The process of removal of wastes in plants is called secretions.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Differentiate between Herbs, Shrubs and Trees.
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 3

Question 2.
What is meant by conduction of water ?
Answer:
Conduction of water. The movement or transportation of water from roots to different parts of a plant against the gravity pull is called conduction of water i.e. an upward movement of water.

Question 3.
Write the functions of a leaf.
Answer:
Functions of leaf.

It helps in transpiration of water.
It carries out photosynthesis process to manufacture food.
It stores food also.

Question 4.
What are veins ? What is their arrangement known as ?
Answer:
Veins are small lines present on the lamina of a leaf. They may be parallel to one another or net like on both sides of the midrib. This arrangement is known as Leaf Venation.

Question 5.
Define Photosynthesis.
Answer:
Photosynthesis. The process of preparation of food by leaves of green plants using sunlight, water and carbondioxide is called photosynthesis.

Question 6.
Name the underground part of a plant and state its function.
Answer:
Underground part of a plant is called a Root.
Functions of a root :

It fixes the plant to the soil.
It absorbs water and dissolved salts from soil.
Some roots store food.

Question 7.
What is a flower ? Name its different parts.
Answer:
Flower. It is a modified shoot which develops from the flower buds.
Parts of a flower :

Sepals
Petals
Stamens
Pistils.

Question 8.
What is a thalamus ? What is its function ?
Answer:
Thalamus. The uppermost end of the pedicel is somewhat swollen. This swollen part of the pedicel is known as thalamus.
It is used to bear all the four whorls of a flower.

Question 9.
What are stamens ?
Answer:
Stamens. It is the male reproductive organ. Each consists of a thin stalk or filament and two lobed head called anthers. Inside the anthers there are pollen sacs. The pollen sac contains minute pollen grains.

Question 10.
Differentiate between root and stem.
Answer:
Differences between Root and Stem :

Root	Stem
(1) It is an underground part of a plant.	(1) It is the part of the plant mostly above the ground.
(2) It grows away from light but in direction of water.	(2) It grows in the direction of light.
(3) It does not bear nodes and internodes.	(3) It bears nodes and internodes.

Question 11.
State the meaning of the following terms :
(i) Tap roots
(ii) Fibrous roots
(iii) Root Cap
(iv) Root hair.
Answer:
(i) Tap roots. The main root is called tap root. Tap roots have branches which grow sideways and spread all around the main root.

(ii) Fibrous roots. Roots which seem similar are fibrous roots. They are short and fibrelike. They do not have branches. These roots are called fibrous roots.

(iii) Root cap. The yellowish cover over the tip of the root is called the root cap. The root cap protects the delicate tip of the root from injury.

(iv) Root hair. The hair-like structure of the tender ends of the roots is called root hair. Root hairs absorb salt and water from the soil.

Question 12.
State the meaning of the following terms :
(i) Leat blade
(ii) Leaf apex
(iii) Leaf base.
Answer:
(i) Leaf blade. The broad flat portion of the leaf is called the leaf blade.
(ii) Leaf apex. The tip of the leaf is called the leaf apex.
(iii) Leaf base. The part of the leaf which is joined to the stalk is called the leaf base.

Question 13.
State the meaning of following terms :
(i) Calyx
(ii) Corolla.
Answer:
(i) Calyx. The outermost portion of the flower consisting of a whorl of green leaflike structure is called the calyx.
(ii) Corolla. The whorl inside the calyx is called the corolla. Corolla is made up of partially or fully joined multi-coloured petals.

Question 14.
Why is the leaf an important organ of the plant ?
Answer:
The leaf is an important organ because :

It prepares food by photosynthesis.
It performs the function of respiration.
It performs the function of transpiration.

Question 15.
What is a root ?
Answer:
Root. A root is an underground part of the plant. Roots grow downwards in the soil. Usually roots are light yellow or white in colour. There are small branches on the main root. These branches are known as secondary roots. Small fibre-like structures are seen on the surface of the root. These structures are called root hairs. Root hairs absorb water and minerals from the soil.

Question 16.
Discuss the types of roots.
Answer:
Types of Roots. There are two types of roots
(i) Tap root
(ii) Fibrous root.

(i) Tap root. The root that develops from the radicle is called tap root. It grows vertically down into the soil. The tap root gives out branches.
Examples : Pea, neem, mango.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 4

(ii) Fibrous root. Some plants do not have any main root. They have many fibre-like roots. These roots spread out in the soil and give support to the plant.
Examples : Wheat, maize, millet, grass.

Question 17.
What are fleshy roots ?
Answer:
Fleshy roots. In some plants, for example, radish, carrot and turnip, the roots store the food. Such roots become thick and fleshy due to the storing of food are also called fleshy roots.

Question 18.
Why are stamens and pistils important parts of the flower ?
Answer:
Importance of stamens and pistils. The formation of seeds by the process of fertilisation takes place in the flowers. In this process, pollen grains from the androecium combine with the ovules of the ovary to form a seed.

Question 19.
Give one or two-word terms for the following statements :
(i) The underground part of the plant.
(ii) The type of roots found in wheat, maize and sugarcane.
(iii) The portion of plant above the ground.
(iv) Green expanded part of the plant which arises on the nodes of the stem.
(v) The plants which have stems modified for photosy-nthesis and leaves modified into spines for protection.
(vi) The process of manufacture of food by plants in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.
(vii) The reproductive part of the plant.
(viii) The stem between two nodes.
Answer:
(i) Root system
(ii) Fibrous roots
(iii) Shoot system
(iv) Leaf
(v) Cacti
(vi) Photosynthesis
(vii) Flower
(viii) Intemode.

Question 20.
Which parts of a flower are useful for reproduction ?
Answer:
Useful parts for reproduction are : (i) Stamens or Androecium and (ii) Carpels or Gynaecium.

Question 21.
Which organ of the flower does the function of producing fruit and seed ?
Answer:
Carpel of the flower does the function of producing fruit and seed.

Question 22.
Give two examples of each :
(i) Plants with fibrous roots
(ii) Roots storing food
(iii) Supporting roots
(iv) Stems storing food
(v) Stems with tendrils
(vi) Leaves with tendrils.
Answer:
(i) Coconut tree, Maize plant
(ii) Radish, Carrot
(iii) Maize, Aerial roots of a banyan tree
(iv) Potato, Ginger
(v) Grapevine, Pumpkin
(vi) Pea plant, Gloriosa.

Question 23.
State whether the following are roots, stems or leaves :
(i) Potato
(ii) Carrot
(iii) Cabbage
(iv) Radish
(v) Amorphophallus
(vi) Turmeric
(vii) Ginger
(viii) Beet
(ix) Turnip
(x) Sweet potato.
Answer:
Roots : Carrot, Radish, Beet, Turnip, Sweet potato.
Stems : Potato, Amorphophallus, Turmeric, Ginger.
Leaves : Cabbage.

Question 24.
Name the systems of flowering plants. Draw them.
Answer:
All flowering plants have two main systems : (i) Root System (ii) Shoot System.
The Root System which grows mainly underground. The Shoot system grows above the ground as shown in diagram.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 5

Question 25.
What are herbs, shrubs and trees ? Give examples.
Answer:
Plants are classified as herbs, shrubs and trees.
Herbs. Plants with green and tender stems are called Herbs. They are usually short and sometimes do not have branches e.g. grasses, Dhania etc.

Shrubs. Medium sized plants with branches starting just above the ground are shrubs. Trees. The plants which are very tall and have hard and thick stem. They have branches arising from upper part of the stem. They are called trees. For example, Mango tree, Lemon tree etc.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 6

Question 26.
What is a leaf and what is its role in the life of a plant ?
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 7
The leaf is a flattened, thin green lateral structure borne on the stem.
A leaf is borne on the stem at a node. It usually has a stalk called petiole and very small leaves at the base of the petiole called the stipules. It has broad expanded green part called leaf blade or Lamina. It has thick midrib in the centre.

Question 27.
What is Venation ? Also classify it.
Answer:
Venation. The pattern of thread-like structures in the leaves forming a network is venation.

Reticulate venation. When the design is net-like on both the sides of mid rib, the venation is said to be reticulate. Examples : rose, tulsi, mint, cabbage.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 8
Parallel Venation. When the leaf has veins parallel to one another. Such venation is called Parallel venation. Examples : grass, maize, sugarcane.

Question 28.
What are the functions of roots ?
Answer:
Roots of plants have following functions :

Fixation. It fixes the plant firmly in the soil.
Absorption. Root hairs help in the absorption of water and minerals from the soil.
Transportation. Water and minerals absorbed by the roots are transported up to the stem and into the branches.
Prevention of soil erosion. Roots prevent soil erosion.

Question 29.
What are the characteristics of roots ?
Answer:
The root and its branches make up the root system of a plant.

Characteristics of roots.
The root is the underground, non-green part of the plant. It generally grows from the radicle of the embryo of a seed. It grows into the soil, away from sunlight. It does not possess nodes or internodes.

Question 30.
Name some modified roots and stems which we eat.
Answer:
Radish, carrot, potato, sweet potato, beet etc.are modified roots and stems which we eat.

Question 31.
Write three modifications each of stems and roots.
Answer:
Modification of roots : (!) Storage roots (ii) supporting roots (iii) Breathing roots. Modification of stems : (i) Storage of food (ii) Support (iii) Protection.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain experimentally that stem helps in conducting water upwards.
Answer:
Experiment. Gently pull out a balsam plant or any other plant with white flowers from the soil. Wash its roots well. Then cut the roots under water. Dip the lower end of the cut stem in a bottle containing water to which few drops of red ink has been added as shown in
fig.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 10

Leave the plant undisturbed for a few hours. Observe the plant carefully. You will notice that the colour of the white flowers changes to red, this is because of conduction of water from stem to flower. This experiment proves that stem helps in conducting water upwards.

Question 2.
Explain through activity the process of Transpiration.
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 11
Experiment.
Take a potted plant and cover it with a polythene bag as shown in figure. Observe it after few hours. What do you see in the bag ? You will notice a few droplets of water in the bag. This shows that the water is lost by the leaves during Transpiration.

Question 3.
Discuss the various parts of a flower.
Answer:
A flower may be defined as a modified shoot highly condensed. It develops from the floral buds.

Parts of a flower. Flowers vary in size, shape and colour but all flowers have the same basic parts. The main parts are :
(i) Pedicel and thalamus
(ii) Calyx or sepals
(iii) Corolla or petals
(iv) Androecium or stamens
(v) Gynoecium or carpels.

(i) Pedicel. A flower is borne on a stalk called pedicel. The upper swollen part of pedicel is called thalamus. It bears all the four whorls of a flower.

(ii) Sepals. It is the 1 st outermost whorl of a flower. It consists of leaf like structures called sepals. Sepals are generally green, manufacture food and supply it to other floral parts.

(iii) Petals. It is 2nd whorl of a flower. Each segment of the petal is known as a petal. These are usually brightly coloured due to presence of pigments. The bright colour, sweet smell and nectar attract the insects which in turn help in pollination.

(iv) Androecium or stamens. It is the third floral whorl which is composed of one or more male reproductive organs called stamens. Each stamen consists of a thin stalk or filament and two lobe head called the anther. Each anther lobe has two pollen-sacs which are filled with pollen grains.

(v) Gynoecium or Carpels. It is the innermost floral whorl which is composed of one or more female reproductive organs called carpels. Each carpel consists of three parts : Stigma, Style and Ovary.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 12

Question 4.
What is a stem? What are the different parts of a stem?
Answer:
Stem. The ascending aerial part of the plant that directly develops from the plumule is called a stem. It is the link between the roots and the leaves and flowers. The stem is the strongest part of a tree and is known as the trunk.

Parts of a stem. A stem consists of the following three parts :
(i) Node. It is a place on the stem or a branch from which a leaf is produced.

(ii) Internode. This is the part of the stem which lies in between the two successive nodes.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 13

(iii) Bud. It is the condensed part of the stem lying either at the apex of a stem or in the axil of a leaf.

Question 5.
Explain the normal and special functions of stems.
Answer:
Normal functions of stems: The normal functions of stems are :
(i) Stems support the branches of the plant bearing leaves, flowers and fruits.
(ii) They spread the leaves so that every leaf gets sufficient light and air.
(iii) They transport water and salts absorbed by the roots upto the leaves and other parts of the plant.
(iv) The food prepared in the leaves is distributed to the different parts of the plant by the stem.

Special functions of stems.
The special functions of the stems are as follows :
(i) The manufacture of food material. Some plants such as Opuntia, Asparagus, etc., have either no leaves or very small leaves. The stems of such plants are green due to the presence of chlorophyll. Such green stems manufacture food material in the presence of sunlight.
(ii) Support. Some plants such as passionflower, bitter gourd, and grapevines have weak stems. Fiber-like tendrils develop.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 9 Early Man: The Stone Age

October 5, 2024October 4, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions History Chapter 9 Early Man: The Stone Age Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 9 Early Man: The Stone Age

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB Early Man: The Stone Age Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions :

Question 1.
What do you know about the Old Stone Age?
Answer:
The Old Stone Age is the period when man was a hunter-gatherer. In this age, man’s life depended upon natural objects. He did not know about fire, so he used to eat the fruit of the trees and the flesh of animals. In order to protect himself from wild animals, he moved in groups and at night he took shelter on trees or in caves and rock shelters. He went about naked, but sometimes he wore skins of animals and leaves or bark of trees, to protect himself from extreme heat or cold. For hunting animals; he used stone weapons or branches of trees.

Early Man

Question 2.
Write five important characteristics about the Neolithic Age.
Answer:
The third and the last phase of Stone Age is known as the Neolithic Age. Five important things about this age are as ahead :

Man began to live at one place permanently. He had started growing and cooking food.
Man’s implements had become more refined. They were sharp and lighter in weight, that made them more effective.
Man learnt to make vessels of clay to store his food and also to cook it.
Man learnt to express his artistic instincts by drawing figures on the walls of caves and rock-shelters where he lived.
Man learnt to make beads of various semi-precious stones, terracotta, ivory, etc., and used them as jewellery.

Question 3.
What do you know about the Mesolithic Age?
Answer:
The Mesolithic Age began after the Palaeolithic Age. During this period man’s life improved a bit. He learnt several new things. In place of crude pieces of broken stone, he started making stone- weapons such as axes, spears and cleavers, which were pointed and chiseled. He tied them to long sticks of wood. He also learnt that certain types of food-grains could be stored for a long time. Therefore, he began to gather food-grains. Except these, the caves and rock- shelters, he came to know how to build small huts of reed, wood and leaves. Consequently, man began to lead a settled life in villages.

Question 4.
How did the invention of wheel help man?
Answer:
The invention of wheel led to a big advance in the pattern of living of man. It made life very much easier and comfortable. With the help of wheel, man was able to make wheeled-carts, which could be drawn by animals. It made travel and transport easier. It improved the making of pottery.

Invention of Wheel

Question 5.
Write a note on cave paintings.
Answer:
While living in caves and rock-shelters, early man used to draw figures of human beings, animals and hunting scenes on the walls with the help of pointed stones and pigments. These figures were usually line drawings but sometimes he coloured such figures with the help of a bamboo brush. These rock-drawings have been discovered at several places in India and other parts of the world. The cave-paintings of Bhimbaithaka, near Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh, are worth seeing, in which people are seen dancing. It shows that dancing was a major source of entertainment in the Stone Age and people danced in groups.

II. Match the columns :

Question 1.

A	B
(i) Paleolithic	(a) Caveman
(ii) Mesolithic Age	(b) Cave paintings
(iii) Bhimbaithaka	(c) Old Stone Age
(iv) Hunter-gatherer	(d) Middle Stone Age

Answer:
Correct columns :

A	B
(i) Paleolithic	(a) Caveman
(ii) Mesolithic Age	(d) Middle Stone Age
(iii) Bhimbaithaka	(b) Cave paintings
(iv) Hunter-gatherer	(c) Old Stone Age

III. Write ‘true’ or ‘falses in the brackets given after each

Question 1.
Visit a museum and see the implements used by early man.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 2.
Cut out diagrams of early man’s tools from an old history book and paste in your scrap book. ‘
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide Early Man: The Stone Age Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
__________ is the place where the remains of tools, pots, buildings etc. were found.
(A) Site
(B) Factory
(C) Habitation
(D) Inscription.
Answer:
(A) Site.

Question 2.
__________ are places where people lived including cave and rock shelters.
(A) Site
(B) Habitation
(C) Palace
(D) Factory.
Answer:
(B) Habitation.

Question 3.
__________ was the place where people made tools.
(A) Site
(B) Habitation
(C) Factory
(D) Palace.
Answer:
(C) Factory.

Question 4.
The Mesolithic period was years ago.
(A) 12000-10,000
(B) 8,000-10,000
(C) 6,000-8,000
(D) 4,000-6,000.
Answer:
(A) 12,000-10,000.

Question 5.
The beginning of the Neolithic age __________
(A) 8, 000 years ago
(B) 10,000 years ago
(C) 6,000 years ago
(D) 4,000 years ago.
Answer:
(B) 10,000 years ago.

Question 6.
Early people painted on the of caves.
(A) walls
(B) roof
(C) floor
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(A) walls.

Question 7.
Tools in Hunsgi were made of.
(A) metal
(B) bone
(C) limestone
(D) stone.
Answer:
(C) limestone.

Question 8.
Which of these qualities are required to hunt animals?
(A) Alert
(B) Quick
(C) Presence of mind
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 9.
In which period were Ostriches found in India?
(A) Palaeolithic
(B) Mesolithic
(C) Stone
(D) Microlithic.
Answer:
(A) Palaeolithic.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
When did the man come on the earth?
Answer:
The man came on the earth about four million years ago.

Question 2.
What was the food of early man?
Answer:
The food of early man consisted of fruits, berries and flesh of animals.

Question 3.
What type of clothes did early man wear?
Answer:
Early man used skins of animals, bark of trees and large leaves as clothes.

Question 4.
Name a few implements of early man.
Answer:
Early man’s implements were made mostly of stone. These included crude axes, cleavers, spears, choppers, scrapers, etc.

Question 5.
What is a flint stone?
Answer:
A flint stone is a stone that produces sparks and fire.

Question 6.
What was the first mechanical device learnt by man?
Answer:
The use of solid logs as wheels was probably the first mechanical device learnt by man.

Question 7.
When did the settled life of early man become possible?
Answer:
The settled life of early man became possible when he learnt to produce food.

Question 8.
How did early man express his artistic instincts?
Answer:
Early man expressed his artistic instincts by drawing figures on the walls of caves and rock-shelters where he lived.

Question 9.
What is Bhimbaithaka?
Answer:
Bhimbaithaka is a place near Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh where rock-drawings of early man have been discovered.

Question 10.
What were ornaments of early man-made of?
Answer:
Ornaments of early man were made of semi-precious stones, terracotta, ivory, etc.

Question 11.
What is the literal meaning of the word ‘Paleolithic’?
Answer:
The word Paleolithic is made up of two Greek words- Palaeo and lithic. The meaning of Palaeo is old and the meaning of lithic is stone. So the literal meaning of Paleolithic is- old stone.

Question 12.
What is New Stone Age?
Answer:
New stone age was the period of history when early man domesticated animals and learnt the use of polished stone tools. It is also known as Neolithic period.

Question 13.
Which discoveries helped early man to lead a settled life?
Answer:
Beginning of agriculture, the taming of animals, discovery of metals and discovery of wheel were the discoveries that helped early man to lead a settled life.

Question 14.
Who is a Food-gatherer?
Answer:
Food-gatherer is a person who wanders from place to place in search of food. Man in Early Stone Age was a food-gatherer.

Question 15.
Who is a Food-producer?
Answer:
Food-producer is a person who produces plants and crops to meet his food requirements. In Neolithic period, man became food producer from food-gatherer.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why is early man called a wanderer?
Answer:
Early man did not know how to grow food. He ate fruit of trees and hunted whatever animals he could. So when he had eaten all that he could find in a certain place, he had to move on to some other places in search of food. That is why he is called a wanderer.

Question 2.
How had early man to defend himself from wild animals?
Answer:
Early man had to defend himself from wild animals either by hiding in caves and trees or by using his crude weapons against them and killing them. But the best mean of defence against animals was fire.

Question 3.
Why did early man start living at one place?
Answer:
It was the discovery of agriculture that made possible for early man to live at one place. Now he did not have to wander from place to place in search of food. He stopped being a nomad and settled down at one place as an agriculturist.

Question 4.
How was fire discovered?
Answer:
The striking together of two pieces of stone called ‘flint produced spark. When it touched dry leaves and twigs, it burst into a flame. This is how the fire was discovered.

Question 5.
How did the fire act as a source of comfort and protection for early inan?
Answer:
The fire acted- as a source of comfort and protection for early man in the following ways :

At night when everyone crowded in a cave, a fire was kept burning at the entrance and this prevented the wild animals from entering the cave.
In the cold of winter, the fire gave early man heat.

Question 6.
What were the advantages of wheels to early man?
Answer:
Early man took great advantages from the invention of wheel. It was very easy for him to carry a round object from one place to another by rolling it instead of carrying a cubical object. Early man must have learnt it by rolling logs of woods. This invention made the advancement quicker and easier for him. It helped him in easy transportation of goods and travel long distances. It also helped him in improving the making of different kinds of pots.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
How did the domestication of animals help early man?
Answer:
Early man was a hunter. He killed animals for food. Then he began to domesticate them. This helped him in the following ways :

Food: Man could get meat, milk, and butter from the domesticated animals.
More Animals: Wild animals could only be killed and their flesh is eaten. But domesticated animals could be made to breed and provide more animals.
Help in Agriculture: Animals could be used to draw the plow or the cart.
Clothes: Man used the skin of animals as clothes.
Weapons, Tools, etc: Man used the bones of animals to make weapons, tools, and even ornaments.