PSEB 7th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 1 Integers Ex 1.1

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 1 Integers Ex 1.1 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 1 Integers Ex 1.1

1. Use the appropriate symbol >, <, = to fill in the blanks
PSEB 7th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 1 Integers Ex 1.1 1
Answer:
(i) -3  -5
(ii) – 2  5-4
(iii) 8-4  – 3
(iv) – 6  5-0
(v) 5  8-3
(vi) 0  – 3.

2. Arrange the following integers in ascending order.

Question (i)
– 2, 12, – 43, 31, 7, – 35, – 10
Answer:
Given positive integers are 12, 31, 7
Ascending order is 7 < 12 < 31
Given negative integers are – 2, – 43, – 35, -10
Ascending order is – 43 < – 35 < – 10 < -2.
Hence, all given integers in ascending order are :
– 43 < – 35 < -10 < – 2 < 7 < 12 < 31.
i.e. – 43, – 35, – 10, – 2, 7, 12, 31.

Question (ii)
– 20, 13, 4, 0, – 5, 5
Answer:
Given positive integers are 13, 4, 5
Ascending order is 4 < 5 < 13
Given negative integers are – 20, – 5
Ascending order is -20 < – 5.
Hence all given integers in ascending order are :
– 20 < – 5 < 0 < 4 < 5 < 13
i.e. – 20, – 5, 0, 4, 5, 13

PSEB 7th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 1 Integers Ex 1.1

3. Arrange the following integers in descending order.

Question (i)
0, – 7, 19, – 23, – 3, 8, 46
Answer:
Given positive integers are 19, 8, 46
Descending order is 46 > 19 > 8
Given negative integers are – 7, – 23, – 3
Descending order is – 3 > – 1 > – 23
Hence, all given integers in descending order are :
46 > 19 > 8 > 0 > – 3 > – 7 > – 23
i.e. 46, 19, 8, 0, – 3, – 7, – 23

Question (ii)
30, – 2, 0, – 6, – 20, 8.
Answer:
Given positive integers are 30, 8
Descending order is 30 > 8
Given negative integers are – 2, – 6, – 20
Descending order is-2 > -6 > -20
Hence all given integers in descending order are :
30 > 8 > 0 > -2 > – 6 > – 20
i.e. 30, 8, 0, – 2, – 6, – 20

4. Evaluate :

Question (i)
30 – | -21 |
Answer:
30 – | -21 | = 30 – 21
[∵ | – 21 | = 21]
= 9

Question (ii)
| -25 | – | -18 |
Answer:
| -25 | – | – 18 | = 25 – 18
[∵ | -25 | = 25 and | – 18 | = 18]
= 7

Question (iii)
6 – | -4 |
Answer:
6 – | -4 | = 6 – 4
[∵ | – 4 | = 4]
= 2

Question (iv)
| – 125 | + | 110 |
Answer:
| – 125 | + | 110 | = 125 + 110
[∵ | -125 | = 125 and | 110 | = 110]
= 235

PSEB 7th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 1 Integers Ex 1.1

5. Fill in the blanks :

Question (i)
0 is greater than every …………… integer.
Answer:
Negative

Question (ii)
Modulus of a negative integer is always ……………
Answer:
Positive

Question (iii)
The smallest positive integer is ……………
Answer:
1

Question (iv)
The largest negative integer is ……………
Answer:
-1

Question (v)
Every negative integer is less than every …………… integer.
Answer:
Positive

PSEB 10th Class English Grammar Determiners

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class English Book Solutions English Grammar Determiners Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 10th Class English Grammar Determiners

1. Mr. Sharma went to bazaar and bought (1) ………… honey from (2)………. shop. (3) ……….. shopkeeper gave him (4) ……….. honey. When Mr. Sharma was coming back, he saw (5) ………… girls who were playing in (6) ground. (7) ………… of them were looking very pretty. (8)………… girls were wearing beautiful clothes. Mr. Sharma was happy to see (9) ……….. girls in (10) ………… joyful mood.
Answer:
1. some 2. a 3. The 4. the 5. some 6. the 7. Some 8. The 9. the 10. a.

2. In my last summer vacation, I went to (1) ……….. historical place. It was (2) ………… very beautiful place. (3) ………. the members of my family went along with me. (4) ……….. father was very fond of visiting (5) ………… place. We didn’t have (6) ……….. luggage with us. (7) ………… people came to see (8) ………… place. We didn’t face (9) ………… difficulty there because we had visited (10) ………… place (11) ………… a time.
Answer:
1. a 2. a 3. All 4. My 6, that 6. much 7. Many 8. that 9. any 10. that 11. many.

PSEB 10th Class English Grammar Determiners

3. Our class teacher organized (1) ……….. birthday party at her home. Only (2) ………… girls were present in (3) ………… party. I bought (4) ………… umbrella as (5) ………… gift for her as I had only (6) ……….. small amount of money with me. Our class teacher was wearing (7) ……….. saree. She was looking very beautiful in (8) ………… attire. We had never seen her in (9) ………… type of attire earlier. (10) ……….. of the girls wished her (11) ……….. long life. She is (12) ………… favourite teacher.
Answer:
1. her 2. a few 3, the 4. an 5. a 6. a 7. a 8. that 9. that 10. All 11. a 3. 12. our.

4. Chandigarh is (1) ……….. capital of Punjab. It is (2) ………… favourite city. I have visited this city (3) ……….. times. I especially like (4) ………… Rose Garden and (5) ………… Sukhana Lake. (6) ………… people come to (7) ……….. city for relaxation. We always stay at (8) ………… uncle’s place whenever we go to Chandigarh. Life in Chandigarh is very busy and people do not have (9) ………… time to spare. (10) ………… people go there to earn (11) ………… livelihood.
Answer:
1, the 2. my 3. many 4. the 5. the 6. Many 7. this 8. my 9. any 10. Many, 11. their

5. I have (1) ……….. friend who looks as stupid as (2) ……….. owl. I tried to bring (3) ………… to senses (4) ……….. times but she is (5) ………… hard nut to crack. She likes (6) ……….. way she lives. She does not want (7) ….. interference in (8) ……….. lifestyle. Though she is (9) ………… educated girl, (10) ………… temperament is not (11) ………… good. May God give (12) ………… wisdom and strength to fight (13) ……….. odds of life .
Answer:
1. a 2. an 3. her 4. many 5. a 6. the 7. any 8. her 9. an 10. her 11. very 12. her 13. the.

6. (1) ………. poor peasant went off early in (2) ………. morning to plough. He saw no one there. Yet someone had certainly been there. He lost (3) ……. piece of bread. It’was (4) ………… imp who had stolen (5) ………… bread. The imp went to (6)………… devil, (7) ………… master. The peasant spoke angrily to (8) ……….. wife. This pleased the devil even more. The devil praised (9) … imp and forgave (10) ………… The next year, (11) ………… imp advised (12) ………… peasant to sow on (13) ………… hill.
Answer:
1. A 2. the 8. his 4. an 5. his 6. the 7. his 8. his 9. the 10. him 11. the 12. the 13. a the.

7. My grandmother was (1) ………… old lady. (2) ………… parents left me with (3) ……….. She clasped me in (4) ……….. arms. She sang (5) ………… songs for me and told me (6) ………… stories. I liked (7) ……….. way she spoke. I acted upon (8) ………… advice she gave to me. She had (9) …………. old porch in (10) ……….. house. All (11) ……….. villagers approached (12) ………. whenever they had (13) ………… problem. She tried to solve (14) ………… problems.
Answer:
1. an 2. My 3. her 4. her 5. many 6. many 7. the 8. the 9. an 10. her 11. the 12, her 13. any 14. their.

8. Rosie sat on (1) ………… bench in (2) ………… garden. She was dressed in (3) ………… eye-catching attire. (4) ……….., elderly gentleman sat by (5) ………… side. It was (6) ………. pleasant afternoon. (7) ………… birds were chirping in (8) ………… garden. She heard the beautiful song of (9) ……….. nightingale. The scene pleased (10) ………… and harmonized with (11) ………… mood. After (12) ………… time, her place on (13) ……….. bench was taken by someone else. She asked him to leave (14) ……….. place but he did not listen to (15) ………. appeal.
Answer:
1. a 2. the 3. an 4. An 5. her 6. a 7. The 8. the 9. a 10. her 11. her 12. some 13. the 14. the 15. her.

9. Ram opened (1) ………… bag and spread out (2) ……… articles. His eyes had (3) ……….. searching look for customers. He was (4) ………… astrologer. He was as much (5) ………… stranger to (6) ………… stars as were (7) ……… customers. He had (8) ………… good knowledge about (9) ………… sufferings of people. He predicted (10) ………… future and (11) ……….. people believed that what he told them was true. He had read (12) ………… good books and he was (13) ………… expert in (14) ………… profession. He earned (15) ……….. money from (16) ………… profession.
Answer:
1. his 2. the: 3. a 4. an 5. a 6: the 7. his 8. a 9. the 10. the 11. the 12. many 13. an 14. his 15. much 16. his.

PSEB 10th Class English Grammar Determiners

10. India is (1) ………… country. We are proud of (2) ………… rich heritage. There are (3) ………… languages spoken in (4) ………… country. Delhi is (5) ………… capital of India. (6) ………… partition of India took place in 1947. Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru was (7) ………. first Prime Minister of independent India. (8) ……….. people sacrificed their lives to save (9) ………… honour of (10) ………… country. We can’t forget (11) ………… sacrifice and (12) ………… way they fought (13) ………… battles for (14) ………… sake of (15) ………… country.
Answer:
1. our 2. its 3. many 4. our 5. the 6. The 7. the 8. Many 9. the 10. their 11 their 12. the 13. many 14. the 15. their.

किसी संज्ञा से पूर्व-स्थित ऐसे शब्द को Determiner कहा जाता है जो उस संज्ञा को निर्धारित करता हो; जैसे.
A book, an inkpot, the Ramayana, some boys, any book, a few difficulties, a little rest, आदि।

Determiner एक प्रकार से विशेषण (Adjective) ही होता है। अन्तर केवल इतना है कि Adjective किसी संज्ञा की व्याख्या करता है जबकि Determiner किसी संज्ञा को निर्धारित करता है।

Some तथा Any का प्रयोग

Some तथा Any – ये दोनों शब्द मात्रावाचक भी हैं और संख्यावाचक भी।
Some का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित प्रकार के वाक्यों में किया जाता है :

(a) Affirmative वाक्यों में।
1. There are some children outside.
2. Some people say that money makes the mare go.

(b) Interrogative वाक्यों में (किन्तु जब वक्ता को affirmative उत्तर की इच्छा अथवा आशा हो)।
1. Aren’t there some stamps in the drawer ?
2. Didn’t he give you some money ?

Fill in the blanks with suitable Determiners (some, any).

1. I bought …………. honey.
2. He did not buy …………. honey.
3. Did he buy ……….. honey ?
4. He gave me …………. money.
5. He did not give me …………. money.
6. Did he give you …………. money ?
7. …………. girls were playing in the ground.
8. Have you read …………. new novel ?
9. There is not …………. oil in the bottle.
10. Will you please give me …………. milk ?
11. We must find an excuse; ………… excuse will do.
12. This bucket is useless; it hasn’t …………. handle.
13. I must have this book at …………. rate.
14. The railway station is at ………… distance from the village.
15. I shall be away for ………… time.
Answer:
1. some
2. any
3. any
4. some
5. any
6. any
7. Some
8. any
9. any
10. some
11. any
12. any
13. any
14. some
15. some.

PSEB 10th Class English Grammar Determiners

Few तथा Little का प्रयोग

Few – यह एक संख्यावाचक राब्द है मात्रावाचक
Little – यह एक मात्रावाचक राब्द है
Few, a few, the few का प्रयोग

1. Few – यह एक Negative विशेषण है।
Few = not many =

2. A Few – यह एक Affirmative विशेषण है।
A Few = some at least = धोड़ से

3. The few – यह एक ऐसा विशेषण है जिससे Negative तथा Affirmative दोनों अर्थों का बोध होता है
The few = the whole of any particular number = थोड़े बहुत जो भी हों
PSEB 10th Class English Grammar Determiners 1

Fill in the blanks with suitable Determiners.

(few, a few, the few, little, a little, the little)

1. ….. money is better than nothing.
2. I need ……………… days’ rest.
3. His condition is so serious that there is …………… hope of his recovery.
4. …………… women can keep a secret.
5. ………………. knowledge is a dangerous thing.
6. I want ……………… sugar for tea.
7. He read …………….. books he had.
8. He spent …………….. money he had.
9. Only ……………… boys were present in the meeting.
10. Hurry up! We have only ……………… time left.
11. You should stay here ……………. days longer.
12. ……………. remarks he made, were very meaningful.
13. He was very sorry to find that he had ……………… money left.
14. Bring me …………… water to drink. 15. He is a fool and has …………….. sense…
Answer:
1. A little
2. a few
3. little
4. Few
5. A little
6. a little
7. the few
8. the little
9. a few
10. a little
11. a few
12. The few
13. little
14. a little
15. little

PSEB 10th Class English Grammar Determiners

(3) Much, many, many a, fewer तथा less का प्रयोग:
(1) Much तथा less मात्रावाचक विशेषण हैं।
(2) Many तथा fewer संख्यावाचक विशेषण हैं।
(3) Much का प्रयोग uncountable nouns के साथ किया जाता है।
Many का प्रयोग countable nouns के साथ किया जाता है।

(4) Many a – कई बार “Many’ के साथ ‘a’ का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
अर्थ की दृष्टि से ‘many’ तथा ‘many a’ में कोई अन्तर नहीं है। अन्तर केवल इतना है कि –
Many के साथ बहुवचन संज्ञा और बहुवचन क्रिया का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
Many के साथ एकवचन संज्ञा और एकवचन क्रिया का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
Many a man = many x one man = Many men.
1. Many a boy is absent today.
2. Many boys are absent today.

(5) Fewer को few की comparative degree के रूप में प्रयोग किया जाता है। किन्तु
Less को little की comparative degree के रूप में बहुत कम प्रयोग किया जाता है।
यह एक स्वतन्त्र है comparative वास्तव में इस की कोई positive degree नहीं होती है

Fill in the blanks with suitable Determiners.

(much, many, fewer, less)

1. ………. people came to see the fair.
2. The students made ……………. noise in their vacant period.
3. She knows ……………. languages.
4. There aren’t …………….. schools in this town.
5. Don’t spend …………… time in games.
6. There isn’t …………….. sugar in the cup.
7. You must take ……………. meals a day.
8. This work is lighter, so I can do with ……….. manpower.
9. I don’t need………… money.
10. …………….. butter and … eggs will serve the purpose today.
11. Did he make ………… mistakes in his essay ?
12. You will have to pay …………….. money for this house.
13. Were there ……………. boys in the playground ?
14. I have seen her …………….. a time.
15. I had to face …………….. trouble.
Answer:
1. Many
2. much
3. many
4. many
5. much
6. much
7. fewer
8. less
9. much
10. Less, fewer
11. many
12. much
13. many
14. many
15. much.

The Use of Articles

अंग्रेजी भाषा में a, an तथा the को Articles कहा जाता है।
The को Definite Article कहा जाता है।
A तथा An को Indefinite Articles कहा जाता है।
Articles के प्रयोग सम्बन्धी नियम

(1) An का प्रयोग किसी स्वर (vowel : a, e, i, 0, u) से पूर्व अथवा silent h से पूर्व किया जाता है; जैसे
An apple; an egg; an inkpot; an ox; an umbrella; an honest man; an M.A.; etc.

(2) A का प्रयोग किसी व्यंजन (consonant) से पूर्व किया जाता है। ऐसे स्वर जिनका उच्चारण किसी व्यंजन
की भांति किया जाए, उनसे पूर्व भी a का ही प्रयोग किया जाता है; जैसे
A kite; a cart; a monkey; a unit; a useful thing; a one-eyed man; a European country; etc.

PSEB 10th Class English Grammar Determiners

The का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित स्थितियों में किया जाता है: –

1. किसी विशेष व्यक्ति अथवा पदार्थ का वर्णन करने के लिए।
(He is the man who beat me.)

2. नदियों के नामों के साथ।
(The Ganga; the Yamuna.)

3. पर्वत-शृंखलाओं के नामों के साथ।
(The Himalayas; the Vindhyas.)

4. समुद्रों के नामों के साथ।
(The Indian Ocean; the Arabian Sea.)

5. प्रसिद्ध पुस्तकों के नामों के साथ।
(The Gita; the Quran.).

6. प्रकृति की अद्वितीय रचनाओं के साथ।
(The sun; the moon; the earth.)

7. Superlative Degree के साथ।
(The best; the noblest; the youngest.)

8. किसी जाति अथवा वर्ग के नाम के साथ।
(The English; the Indians; the French.)

9. उस विशेषण से पूर्व जिसके साथ लगने वाली संज्ञा understood हो। ‘
(The rich should help the poor.)

10. निम्नलिखित प्रकार के मुहावरों के साथ।
(The higher; the better.)

Fill in the blanks with suitable Articles. (a, an, the)

1. I heard …………. loud noise in …………. next house.
2. Ink is …………. useful article.
3. His brother is ………… university professor.
4. Yesterday I saw ……….. European riding on ………… elephant.
5. He gave me ………… one-rupee note.
6. Have you read ………… Ramayana ?
7. He was struck by …………. arrow.
8. ………… Ganga is ………… sacred river.
9. He drives …………. motor car at ………. uniform speed.
10. He is …………. taller of ………… two boys.
11. ……….. Taj Mahal is ……….. most beautiful building.
12. …………. Bible is ………… sacred book of ………… Christians.
13. …………. ewe is standing in ………… field.
14. He was …………. African by birth, not …………. European.
15. It was ………… unique sight.
Answer:
1. a, the
2. a
3. a
4. a, an
5. a
6. the
7. an
8. The, a
9. the, a
10. the, the
11. The, the
12. The, a, the
13. A, the
14. an, a
15. a.

PSEB 10th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Poem 1 Character of a Happy Man

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class English Book Solutions English Main Course Book Poem 1 Character of a Happy Man Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Poem 1 Character of a Happy Man

Question 1.
What does the poet want to say in this poem ?
Answer:
The poet wants to say that we should be honest in our thoughts if we want to be happy. We should be free from jealousy. We should not be a slave of passions. We should be content with whatever little we have.

कवि कहना चाहता है कि हमें अपने विचारों में ईमानदार होना चाहिए यदि हम प्रसन्न रहना चाहते हैं। हमें ईर्ष्या रहित होना चाहिए। हमें वासनाओं का दास नहीं होना चाहिए। हमारे पास जो भी थोड़ा बहुत हो, हमें उससे सन्तुष्ट रहना चाहिए।

PSEB 10th Class English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 1 Bed Number-29

Question 2.
Write a note on the central / main idea of the poem.
Or
Question 3.
Write a summary of the poem in your own words.
Answer:
This poem gives the secret of a truly happy person’s life. Such a person leads an honest life. He is jealous of none. He is content with whatever little he has. He is not a slave of passions. He follows the path of goodness.

यह कविता एक वास्तविक रूप से प्रसन्न व्यक्ति के जीवन का रहस्य बताती है। इस तरह का व्यक्ति ईमानदारी का जीवन गुजारता है। वह किसी से ईर्ष्या नहीं करता है। उसके पास जो भी थोड़ा-बहुत होता है, वह उसी से सन्तुष्ट रहता है। वह वासनाओं का दास नहीं होता है। वह अच्छाई के रास्ते का अनुसरण करता है।

Question 4.
Explain the lines : “Whose armour is his honest thought
And simple truth his utmost skill !”
Answer:
One who wants to be truly happy is honest in his thoughts. He does not need any armour for his defence. His honest thoughts are his best defence. He has not to master any skills. His truthful simplicity is his best skill.

ऐसा व्यक्ति जो वास्तव में ही प्रसन्न रहना चाहता है, अपने विचारों में ईमानदार होता है। उसे अपनी सुरक्षा के लिए किसी कवच की ज़रूरत नहीं होती है। उसके ईमानदारी-भरे विचार ही उसकी सर्वोत्तम सुरक्षा होते हैं। उसे कोई हुनर सीखने की ज़रूरत नहीं होती। उसकी सच्चाई-भरी सादगी ही उसका सर्वोत्तम हुनर होती है।

Question 5.
How does a man become really happy ?
Answer:
A man can become really happy by following the rules of goodness. He knows no jealousy. He is honest in his thoughts. He is not a slave of passions. He is content with whatever little he has.

एक व्यक्ति अच्छाई के नियमों का पालन करने से वास्तव में प्रसन्न बन सकता है। उसे किसी ईर्ष्या का पता नहीं होता। वह अपने विचारों में ईमानदार होता है। वह वासनाओं का दास नहीं होता। उसके पास थोड़ा-बहुत जो होता है, वह उसी से सन्तुष्ट रहता है।

Question 6.
How does ‘a religious book or a friend’ give happiness ?
Answer:
A religious book is like a friend and a friend is like a religious book. Both of them keep us on the right path. They stand by us in our loneliness. They give us happiness of the purest kind.

एक धार्मिक पुस्तक एक मित्र के जैसी होती है और एक मित्र एक धार्मिक पुस्तक के जैसा होता है। वे दोनों हमें अच्छे मार्ग पर बनाए रखते हैं। वे हमारे अकेलेपन में हमारा साथ देते हैं। वे हमें अति पवित्र किस्म की प्रसन्नता प्रदान करते हैं।

PSEB 10th Class English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 1 Bed Number-29

Question 7.
How does a contented man have all without having anything ?
Answer:
A contented man has no hope to rise or fear of fall. He remains content with whatever little he has. He may not be the master of lands, but he is the master of his desires. Thus he becomes the master of all, though he may not have anything.

एक सन्तुष्ट व्यक्ति को ऊपर उठने की कोई आशा नहीं होती और नीचे गिरने का कोई भय नहीं होता। वह उसी से सन्तुष्ट रहता है जो थोड़ा-बहुत उसके पास होता है। वह ज़मीनों का मालिक यद्यपि न हो, किन्तु वह अपनी इच्छाओं का स्वामी होता है। इस तरह वह सभी चीज़ों का स्वामी बन जाता है यद्यपि उसके पास कुछ न हो।

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
A happy man envies ………….
(i) none
(ii) his friends
(iii) everyone
(iv) the rich.
Answer:
(i) none

Question 2.
A happy man obeys the rules of …….
(i) traffic
(ii) king
(iii) goodness government.
Answer:
(iii) goodness government.

Question 3.
A happy man is afraid of death. (True/False)
Answer:
False

Answer each of the following in one word / phrase / sentence :

Question 1.
Who wrote the poem, ‘Character of a Happy Man’ ?
Answer:
Sir Henry Wotton.

Question 2.
What is the armour of a happy man ?
Answer:
His honest thoughts.

Question 3.
What does a happy person not care about ?
Answer:
Worldly fame or people’s opinions.

Question 4.
What is a truly happy man content with ?
Answer:
With whatever little he has.

Question 5.
How do a religious book and a true friend help us ?.
Answer:
They stand by us in loneliness.

Complete the following :

1. A man is ……………….. if he has not to serve another’s will.
2. A truly happy person is one who does not feel …………………. of others.
3. A happy man has no fear to ……………….. or to fall.
Answer:
1. lucky
2. jealous
3. rise.

Write True or False against each statement :

1. A happy man is afraid of death.
2. A happy man prays for worldly gifts.
3. A happy man is not a slave of his passions.
Answer:
1. False
2. False
3. True.

Choose the correct option for each of the following :

Question 1.
A happy person envies ….
(a) nobody
(b) anybody
(c) everybody
(d) somebody.
Answer:
(a) nobody

PSEB 10th Class English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 1 Bed Number-29

Question  2.
One who wants to be …….. should live a free and honest life.
(a) sad
(b) happy
(c) unhappy
(d) disappointed.
Answer:
(b) happy

Reading Comprehension

(1) How happy is he born or taught
That serventh not another’s will;
Whose armour is his honest thought,
And simple truth his utmost skill !

1. Name the poem and the poet.
2. What is the armour of a happy man ?
3. What is his utmost skill ?
Answers
1. The name of the poem is “Character of a Happy Man’and the poet is Sir Henry Wotton.
2. The armour of a happy man is his honest thoughts.
3. His utmost skill is simple truth.

(2) Whose passions not his masters are;
Whose soul is still prepared for death;
Untied unto the world with care
Of public fame or private breath.

1. Name the poem and the poet.
2. What is a happy man not afraid of ?
3. What is a happy man not slave of ?
4. What does a truly happy person not care about ?
Answers
1. The name of the poem is ‘Character of a Happy Man’and the poet is Sir Henry Wotton.
2. A happy man is not afraid of death.
3. He is not slave of his passions.
4. He doesn’t care about worldly fame or people’s opinions.

(3) Who envies none whom chance doth raise
Nor vice; who never understood
How deepest wounds are given with praise;
Nor rules of state, but rules of good.

1. Who does a happy person envy ?
2. What does a happy person not understand ?
3. What does a truly happy person rule over ?
Answer:
1. A happy person envies nobody.
2. He does not understand how deepest wounds are caused by false praise.
3. A truly happy person does not rule over any state. He rules over others not by virtue of any political power but by the goodness of his heart.

(4) Who God doth late and early pray More of
His grace than gifts to lend;
And entertains the harmless day
With a religious book or friend.

1. What does a happy man pray for ?
2. What do you understand by the term ‘harmless day’ ?
3. How does a happy man spend his day ?
Answers:
1. A happy man prays for God’s grace. He does not pray for any worldly gifts.
2. It means the harmless activities of the day.
3. He spends his day in the study of religious books or in the company of some noble friend.

(5) This man is free from servile bonds
Of hope to rise, or fear to fall;
Lord of himself, though not of lands;
And having nothing, yet hath all.

1. What does the poet mean by ‘This mano?
2. What do ‘servile bonds’ refer to ?
3. Explain the last line of the stanza.
Answers:
1. He means the man who wants to be truly happy.
2. The hope to rise and the fear to fall have been called ‘servile bonds’.
3. A happy man may not be the master of lands, but he is a master of himself. Thus he may have nothing, yet he has all.
Or
1. What is a happy man free from ?
2. What does a truly happy person have nothing to fear?
3. What is a happy man master of ?
Answers
1. A happy man is free from servile bonds.
2. He has no fear to rise or to fall.
3. He is a complete master of himself.

Character of a Happy Man Poem Summary in English

Character of a Happy Man Introduction:
In this poem, the poet lists those virtues which enable a person to lead a happy life. He says that one who wants to be happy, should live a free and honest life. Such a person is not a slave of passions. He does not run after worldly fame and wealth. He is jealous of none. He follows the rules of righteousness. He prays to God regularly. He passes his time in the company of religious books or faithful friends. He is not ambitious at all. He is content with whatever little he has.

Character of a Happy Man Summary in English:

A man is lucky if he has not to serve another’s will. He is happily born and taught if he leads a free life of his own. He has no need of an armour for the protection of his body. His honest thoughts serve as his armour. The only art or craft that he knows is that of simple truth. In other words, he is simple at heart and knows no cunning.

A lucky and happy person is one

  • who is not a slave to his passions,
  • whose soul is always prepared to receive death, and
  • who is not tied to the world by care of public fame or the good opinion of others. In other words, he has no worry to earn public fame or the good opinion of others.

A truly happy person is one who does not feel jealous of others. He does not feel jealous of those who rise in life by chance or through the use of wicked means. He does not know how deep wounds are caused by false praise. In simple words, he never indulges in false praise of others. He rules over others not by virtue of any political power but by the goodness of his heart.

A man who prays to God every hour of the day gets true happiness. He prays to God not for any material gains but for mercy. He spends his day in harmless pleasures. He entertains himself by reading a religious book or spending time in the company of a friend.

A man who has all these qualities is free from all hopes and fears. He has no hope to rise or fear of fall. He has complete self-control. He may not be the master of lands, but he is complete master of himself. He may not be having any material possession, yet he lives as if he has everything. In other words, he leads a completely contented life.

Character of a Happy Man Poem Summary in Hindi

Character of a Happy Man Introduction:
इस कविता में कवि उन गुणों के बारे में लिखता है जो किसी व्यक्ति को खुशी-भरा जीवन बिताने में सहायता देते हैं। वह कहता है कि ऐसा व्यक्ति जो प्रसन्न रहना चाहता है, वह एक स्वतन्त्र तथा ईमानदारी-भरा जीवन व्यतीत करता है। वह वासनाओं का दास नहीं होता है। वह सांसारिक प्रसिद्धि तथा दौलत के पीछे नहीं भागता है। वह किसी से ईर्ष्या महसूस नहीं करता है। वह सदाचार के नियमों का पालन करता. है। वह नियमपूर्वक ईश्वर को प्रार्थना करता है। वह अपना समय धार्मिक पुस्तकों अथवा वफादार मित्रों की संगति में व्यतीत करता है। वह तनिक रूप से भी महत्त्वाकांक्षी नहीं होता है। उसके पास जो थोड़ा-बहुत होता है, वह उसी से सन्तुष्ट रहता है।

Character of a Happy Man Summary in Hindi:

कविता का विस्तृत सार

वह व्यक्ति भाग्यशाली होता है जिसे किसी अन्य व्यक्ति की इच्छा की गुलामी नहीं करनी पड़ती है। वह अपने जन्म तथा शिक्षा की दृष्टि से भाग्यशाली होता है यदि वह अपनी इच्छा का स्वतन्त्र जीवन गुजारता हो। उसे अपने शरीर की रक्षा के लिए किसी कवच की ज़रूरत नहीं होती है। उसके ईमानदारी भरे विचार ही उसके कवच का काम करते हैं। एकमात्र कला अथवा कारीगरी जो उसे आती है वह सीधी-सादी सच्चाई कहने की होती है। अन्य शब्दों में, वह दिल का भोला होता है तथा कोई चुस्ती-चालाकी नहीं जानता है।

एक भाग्यशाली तथा प्रसन्न व्यक्ति वह होता है

  • जो अपनी लालसाओं (अर्थात् सांसारिक इच्छाओं) का दास नहीं होता है,
  • जिसकी आत्मा मृत्यु का स्वागत करने के लिए सदा तैयार रहती है, तथा
  • जो समाज में प्रसिद्धि तथा दूसरों की प्रशंसा प्राप्त करने की चिन्ता के कारण संसार से बन्धा नहीं होता है। अन्य शब्दों में, उसे सामाजिक प्रसिद्धि तथा दूसरों की प्रशंसा प्राप्त करने की कोई चिन्ता नहीं होती है।

सच्चे अर्थों में प्रसन्न व्यक्ति वह होता है जो दूसरों से ईर्ष्या नहीं करता है। वह ऐसे लोगों से ईर्ष्या नहीं करता है जो किसी संयोग के कारण अथवा दुष्टतापूर्ण साधनों के प्रयोग द्वारा उन्नति कर लेते हैं। वह यह नहीं जानता है कि झूठी प्रशंसा के कारण कितने गहरे घाव पैदा हो जाते हैं। साधारण शब्दों में ऐसा कहा जा सकता है कि वह दूसरों की झूठी प्रशंसा कभी नहीं करता है। वह दूसरों पर किसी राजनैतिक शक्ति के द्वारा नहीं अपितु अपने दिल की अच्छाई के कारण राज्य करता है।

ऐसा व्यक्ति जो दिन भर प्रत्येक पल ईश्वर से प्रार्थना करता है, वही सच्ची खुशी प्राप्त करता है। वह ईश्वर से कोई भौतिक लाभ प्राप्त करने के लिए नहीं बल्कि उसकी कृपा पाने के लिए प्रार्थना करता है। वह निष्कपट खुशियों में अपना दिन बिताता है। वह कोई धार्मिक पुस्तक पढ़ने में या किसी मित्र की संगति में आनन्द प्राप्त करता है।

PSEB 10th Class English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 1 Bed Number-29

ऐसा व्यक्ति जिसके पास ये सभी गुण होते हैं वह प्रत्येक आशा तथा भय से मुक्त होता है। उसे न तो ऊपर उठने की कोई आशा होती है और न ही नीचे गिरने का कोई भय होता है। उसे स्वयं पर पूरा नियन्त्रण होता है। यद्यपि वह ज़मीन-जायदादों का मालिक न हो किन्तु वह अपना पूरा मालिक होता है। यद्यपि उसके पास कोई भी भौतिक पदार्थ न हो किन्तु वह ऐसे जीवन गुजारता है जैसे उसके पास सब कुछ हो। अन्य शब्दों में वह एक पूरी तरह से सन्तुष्ट जीवन गुजारता है।

Character of a Happy Man Poem Translation in Hindi

1. Lines 1 – 4
How happy is he born or taught
That serveth not another’s will;
Whose armour is his honest thought,
And simple truth his utmost skill !

Word-meanings :
1. happy-भाग्यशाली; 2. born and taught-जन्म तथा शिक्षा की दृष्टि से; 3. serveth – पालन करना; 4. will-इच्छा, आदेश; 5. armour-कवच; 6. utmost-अधिकतम; 7. skill-चतुराई, कौशल।

अनुवाद-उस व्यक्ति का जन्म प्रसन्नतापूर्ण होता है और उसकी शिक्षा भी खुशी देने वाली होती है जिसे दूसरों की आज्ञा का पालन नहीं करना पड़ता, अर्थात् जो स्वतन्त्रता का जीवन गुजारता है। उसके ईमानदारी भरे विचार उसका कवच होते हैं। उसका एकमात्र कौशल सीधी-सादी सच्चाई होती है।

2. Lines 5 – 8
Whose passions not his masters are,
Whose soul is still prepared for death;
Untied unto the world with care
Of public fame or private breath.

Word-meanings :
1. passions—सांसारिक इच्छाएँ; 2. still-सदा; 3. untied—बन्धन मुक्त; 4. unto—के साथ; 5. private breath-दूसरे के निजी विचार।

अनुवाद-ऐसे व्यक्ति की सांसारिक इच्छाएं उसकी स्वामी नहीं होती। उसकी आत्मा मृत्यु का स्वागत करने के लिए, सदा तैयार रहती है। वह प्रसिद्धि तथा दूसरों की प्रशंसा प्राप्त करने की चिन्ता में संसार से बन्धा नहीं रहता है।

3. Lines 9-12
Who envies none whom chance doth raise
Nor vice; who never understood
How deepest wounds are given with praise;
Nor rules of state, but rules of good.

Word-meanings :
1. envies-घृणा करता है, ईर्ष्या करता है; 2. vice-बुराई; 3. stateराजनैतिक सत्ता।

अनुवाद-ऐसा व्यक्ति उनसे ईर्ष्या नहीं करता जो भाग्य से, या बुरे साधनों से प्रगति करते हैं। वह यह नहीं जानता कि झूठी प्रशंसा के कारण बहुत गहरे घाव पैदा होते हैं। वह दूसरों पर राजनैतिक सत्ता नहीं, अपितु दिल की अच्छाई के कारण राज्य करता है।

4. Lines 13-16
Who God doth late and early pray
More of His grace than gifts to lend;
And entertains the harmless day
With a religious book or friend.

Word-meanings :
1. doth does; 2. late and early-प्रत्येक समय, निरन्तर; 3. graceकृपा; 4. gifts-भौतिक लाभ; 5. entertains-प्रसन्नतापूर्वक बिताता है।

अनुवाद-ऐसा व्यक्ति हर समय ईश्वर की प्रार्थना करता है। वह उससे उसकी कृपा मांगता है, उससे भौतिक उपहार नहीं मांगता है। वह निष्कपट खुशियों में दिन बिताता है। वह कोई धार्मिक पुस्तक पढ़ने में या मित्र की संगति में आनन्द प्राप्त करता है।

PSEB 10th Class English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 1 Bed Number-29

5. Lines 17-20
This man is free from servile bonds
Of hope to rise, or fear to fall;
Lord of himself, though not of lands;
And having nothing, yet hath all.

Word-meanings : 1. servile bonds-दासता के बन्धन; 2. having nothing, yet hath all-यद्यपि उसके पास कुछ भी न हो, तो भी वह ऐसे प्रसन्न रहता है जैसे उसके पास सब कुछ हो, भाव यह कि वह सन्तुष्ट जीवन व्यतीत करता है।

अनुवाद-ऐसा आदमी दासता के बन्धनों से मुक्त होता है। उसे न ऊपर उठने और न नीचे गिरने का डर होता है। वह अपना स्वयं का स्वामी होता है, यद्यपि ज़मीनों का स्वामी न हो। उसके पास फिर भी सब कुछ होता है यदि उसके पास कुछ भी न हो।

PSEB 10th Class English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 1 Bed Number-29

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class English Book Solutions English Literature Book Chapter 1 Bed Number-29 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 10 English Literature Book Chapter 1 Bed Number-29

Question 1.
How did the author lose his eyesight ?
Answer:
One day the author was going on a busy street. Suddenly he was struck by a fast-moving vehicle. As a result of this accident, the author lost his eyesight.

एक दिन लेखक एक व्यस्त सड़क पर चला जा रहा था। अचानक एक तेज गति से आ रहा वाहन उससे आ टकराया। इस दुर्घटना के परिणामस्वरूप लेखक अपनी दृष्टि खो बैठा।

PSEB 10th Class English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 1 Bed Number-29

Question 2.
What did the author do before he lost his eyesight ?
Answer:
The author was a painter. He used to paint pictures before he lost his eyesight.

लेखक एक चित्रकार था। अपनी दृष्टि खोने से पहले वह चित्र बनाया करता था।

Question 3.
Who did the author meet in the hospital ward ? Why was he there?
Answer:
The author met a person named Naeem in the hospital ward. Like author,Naeem too was blind. Both of them had been admitted there for the operation of their eyes.

लेखक अस्पताल के वार्ड में नईम नामक एक व्यक्ति से मिला। लेखक की भान्ति नईम भी अन्धा था। उन दोनों को वहां आंखों के ऑपरेशन के लिए भर्ती किया गया था।

Question 4.
When did the author regain his confidence and how ?
Answer:
Naeem urged the author to start painting again. He would describe a scene and the author would paint it on a canvas. Naeem would praise the paintings highly. Thus the author regained his confidence.

नईम ने लेखक से दुबारा पेन्टिंग शुरू करने का आग्रह किया। वह किसी दृश्य का वर्णन किया करता और लेखक इसे चित्रपट पर चित्रित किया करता। नईम चित्रों की बहुत प्रशंसा किया करता। इस प्रकार
लेखक को अपना विश्वास दोबारा प्राप्त हो गया।

Question 5.
What happened when the author’s second operation failed ? Who consoled him then ?
Answer:
The author was deeply depressed at the failure of his second operation. He had spent his last rupee on it. It was Naeem who consoled him and offered to help him.

लेखक अपने दूसरे आप्रेशन की असफलता पर गहरा निराश हुआ। उसने इस पर अपना अन्तिम रुपया खर्च कर दिया था। यह नईम था जिसने उसे ढांढस बन्धाया और उसकी सहायता करने की
पेशकश की।

Question 6.
How did the author get the money to get operated the third time ? Who helped him ?
Answer:
It was Naeem who helped the author. He would keep with himself each painting made by the author, and would give him the money. He would say that a rich man liked the paintings and bought them.

यह नईम था जिस ने लेखक की मदद की। वह लेखक के द्वारा बनाई गई प्रत्येक पेन्टिंग को अपने पास रख लेता और उसे पैसे दे दिया करता। वह ऐसा कह दिया करता कि एक धनी आदमी को पेन्टिंगैं
पसन्द आ गई थीं और उसने उन्हें खरीद लिया था।

Question 7.
Where was Naeem when the author regained his eyesight ?
Answer:
Naeem had left the hospital by then. He had spent all his money in paying the author for his paintings. Now he had no money to pay for his third operation. So he had to leave the hospital.

नईम तब तक अस्पताल छोड़ कर जा चुका था। उसने अपने सब पैसे लेखक को उसके चित्रों का भुगतान करने में खर्च कर दिए थे। अब उसके पास अपने तीसरे आपरेशन के लिए कोई पैसे नहीं बचे थे। इसलिए उसे अस्पताल छोड़ कर जाना पड़ा।

Question 8.
Did the author know that Naeem was also blind like him ? Give reasons to support your answer.
Answer:
No, the author did not know that Naeem was also blind like him. Naeem would describe for the author the scenes outside the window. He used to admire the author’s paintings. So the author could never imagine that Naeem was blind like him.

नहीं, लेखक नहीं जानता था कि नईम भी उसकी भान्ति अन्धा था। नईम लेखक के लिए खिड़की से बाहर के दृश्यों का वर्णन किया करता। वह लेखक के चित्रों की प्रशंसा किया करता। इस प्रकार लेखक
कभी यह अनुमान भी न लगा पाया कि नईम उसकी भान्ति अन्धा था।

Question 9.
Why could Naeem not get his treatment done ?
Answer:
Naeem had spent all his money in paying for the author’s paintings. He was left with no money for his own treatment. He had to leave the hospital.

नईम ने अपने सारे पैसे लेखक के चित्रों का भुगतान करने में खर्च कर दिए थे। उसके पास अपने खुद के उपचार के लिए कोई पैसे नहीं बचे थे। उसे अस्पताल छोड़ कर जाना पड़ा।

Question 10.
How did the author feel when he learnt that Naeem had left the hospital because he had no money for the treatment ?
Answer:
The author was deeply shocked. He was unable to move for some time. His eyes were filled with tears.

लेखक को गहरा सदमा महसूस हुआ। वह कुछ समय के लिए हिल भी न सका। उसकी आंखें आंसुओं

Question 11.
How could Naeem describe different seasons in detail ?
Answer:
Naeem himself was an artist. He had painted four paintings of different seasons. He had described the colours of these very paintings to the author.

नईम स्वयम् एक कलाकार था। उसने चार विभिन्न मौसमों की पेन्टिंगें बनाईं थीं। उसने इन्हीं पेन्टिंगों के रंगों का वर्णन लेखक को किया था।

Question 12.
What does the message “The goddess of hope smiled on me ……….. and then it vanished.’ mean ?
Answer:
The author had regained his eyesight after the operation. Now he hoped that he would be able to see Naeem who had helped him so much. But when he read Naeem’s letter, all his hope was dashed.

लेखक को आपरेशन के बाद आंखों की ज्योति फिर से प्राप्त हो गई थी। अब उसे आशा थी कि वह नईम को देख पायेगा जिसने उसकी इतनी मदद की थी। परन्तु जब उसने नईम का पत्र पढ़ा तो उसकी सब आशा खण्डित हो गई।

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
Naeem was in the hospital when the author regained his eyesight. (True/False)
Answer:
False

Question 2.
Who did the author meet in the hospital ward ?
(i) Naeem
(ii) Bobby Gillian
(iii) Subbiah
(iv) Della.
Answer:
(i) Naeem

Question 3.
The author regained his eyesight after the ………..
(i) first operation
(ii) second operation
(iii) third operation
(iv) fourth operation.
Answer:
(iii) third operation

Question 4.
The author was a ……….. before he lost his eyesight.
Answer:
painter

PSEB 10th Class English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 1 Bed Number-29

Question 5.
The author knew that Naeem was also blind ……….. (True/False)
Answer:
False

Question 6.
Naeem urged the author to restart …………..
(i) dancing
(ii) singing
(iii) studying
(iv) painting.
Answer:
(iv) painting.

Answer each of the following in one word / phrase / sentence :

Question 1.
What did the author use to do before he lost his eyesight ?
Answer:
He used to paint pictures.

Question 2.
What did Naeem ask the author to do?
Answer:
He asked him to start painting again.

Question 3.
Who consoled the author when his second operation failed ?
Answer:
Naeem.

Question 4.
Who bought the paintings made by the author when he was in the hospital ?
Answer:
Naeem.

Question 5.
What would Naeem describe for the author ?
Answer:
He would describe the scenes outside the window for the author.

Question 6.
Why did Naeem have no money for his third operation ?
Answer:
He had spent all his money in buying the author’s paintings.

Question 7.
When did the author get deeply shocked ?
Answer:
When he learnt that Naeem had left the hospital because he had no money left for the treatment.

PSEB 10th Class English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 1 Bed Number-29

Question 8.
What does the story, ‘Bed Number-29 describe ?
Answer:
The supreme sacrifice made by Naeem for the sake of the author.

Question 9.
Did the author know that Naeem was also blind like him ?
Answer:
No, the author did not know that Naeem was also blind like him.

Complete the following :

1. The author was an amateur ……………….
2. The author met a person named ………………. in the hospital ward.
3. Naeem himself was an ……………….
4. The author could never imagine that ……………….
5. Naeem had no money to pay for
6. It was Naeem who ……………….
Answer:
1. painter
2. Naeem
3. artist
4. Naeem was blind like him
5. his third operation
6. helped the author.

Write True or False against each statement :

1. Naeem was a short story writer.
Answer:
False

2. The author first met Naeem in the operation theatre in the hospital.
Answer:
False

3. Naeem urged the author to start singing again.
Answer:
False

4. Naeem used to admire the author’s paintings.
Answer:
True

5. Naeem would sell each painting made by the author to a rich man.
Answer:
False

6. The author was deeply depressed at the failure of his third operation.
Answer:
True

Choose the correct option for each of the following:

Question 1.
Who said, “The goddess of hope smiled on me ………. and then it vanished.” ?
(a) Naeem.
(b) The author.
(c) Naeem’s doctor.
(d) The author’s friend.
Answer:
(b) The author.

Question 2.
Naeem too was ………………… like the author.
(a) deaf
(b) blind
(c) dumb
(d) lame.
Answer:
(b) blind

PSEB 10th Class English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 1 Bed Number-29

Question 3.
The unknown customer of the author’s paintings was :
(a) Naeem himself
(b) the author himself
(c) a rich man of the city
(d) Naeem’s brother.
Answer:
(a) Naeem himself

Question 4.
Naeem had provided the author everything needed for
(a) photography
(b) painting
(c) colouring
(d) none of these three.
Answer:
(b) painting

Bed Number-29 Summary & Translation in English

Bed Number-29 Introduction:
This story describes a supreme sacrifice made by Naeem for the sake of the author. The author is an amateur painter. One day he meets with an accident and loses his eyesight. In the hospital, Naeem is his wardmate. He is also known as Number Twenty-nine, which is the number of his bed. He is a very cheeerful person. He describes beautiful scenes to the author and encourages him to start painting again. In the beginning, the author hesitates but agrees at last. Naeem provides him everything for painting.

He praises author’s paintings and tells him that nobody could believe they are painted by a blind man. The doctors operate on the author for the second time. The author has spent his last rupee on this operation. But unfortunately, this operation is also unsuccessful. Naeem offers the author some money, but the author refuses. Naeem finds a rich customer to buy the author’s paintings. With the sale of his paintings, the author gets sufficient money for his third operation. This operation is successful and the author is able to see again.

He wants to meet Naeem, but Naeem has already left the hospital. The author comes to know that the unknown customer of his paintings was Naeem himself. His paintings are just masses of haphazard lines. Naeem was himself blind, but he spent all his money to buy the author’s paintings. He could not have his third operation as he was left with no money. For the same reason, he had to leave the hospital. Under Naeem’s pillow, the author finds four paintings. These paintings were drawn by Naeem, before he was blind. These showed he was a great artist.

Bed Number-29 Summary & Translation in Hindi

Bed Number-29 Introduction:
यह कहानी नईम द्वारा लेखक के लिए किए गए महान् बलिदान का वर्णन करती है। लेखक एक शौकिया पेन्टर है। एक दिन उसके साथ एक दुर्घटना हो जाती है और वह अपनी दृष्टि खो बैठता है। अस्पताल में नईम उसके वार्ड में ही है। उसे नम्बर उन्तीस भी कहा जाता है जोकि उसके पलंग का नम्बर है। वह एक बहुत खुश-तबीयत व्यक्ति है। वह लेखक को सुन्दर दृश्यों का वर्णन करता है और उसे दोबारा पेन्टिंग शुरू करने के लिए प्रोत्साहित करता है। शुरू में लेखक हिचकिचाता है परन्तु अन्त में मान जाता है। नईम पेन्टिंग के लिए उसे हर चीज़ उपलब्ध करवाता है। वह लेखक की पेन्टिंगों की प्रशंसा करता है और उसे बताता है कि कोई भी इस बात पर विश्वास नहीं करेगा कि इन्हें एक अंधे आदमी ने बनाया है।

डॉक्टर दूसरी बार लेखक का ऑपरेशन करते हैं। लेखक ने इस आपरेशन पर अपना अन्तिम पैसा भी खर्च कर दिया है। परन्तु दुर्भाग्यवश यह ऑपरेशन भी असफल रहता है। नईम लेखक को कुछ पैसे देने की पेशकश करता है, परन्तु लेखक इन्कार कर देता है। नईम लेखक की पेन्टिंगों को खरीदने के लिए एक धनी ग्राहक ढूंढ लेता है। अपनी पेन्टिंगों की बिक्री से लेखक को अपने तीसरे ऑपरेशन के लिए काफ़ी पैसे मिल जाते हैं। यह ऑपरेशन सफल रहता है और लेखक को फिर से दिखने लगता है। वह नईम से मिलना चाहता है, परन्तु नईम पहले ही अस्पताल छोड़ कर जा चुका है। लेखक को पता चलता है कि उसकी पेन्टिंगों का अज्ञात खरीददार स्वयम् नईम था। उसकी पेन्टिंगें आड़ी-तिरछी रेखाओं का मात्र पुंज हैं।

नईम खुद अन्धा था, परन्तु उसने अपने सारे पैसे लेखक की तस्वीरें खरीदने में खर्च कर दिए। वह अपना तीसरा ऑपरेशन नहीं करवा सका, क्योंकि उसके पास कोई पैसा नहीं बचा था। इसी वजह से उसे अस्पताल छोड़ना पड़ा था। नईम के तकिये के नीचे से लेखक को चार पेन्टिंगें मिलती हैं। ये पेन्टिंगें नईम ने अन्धा होने से पहले बनाईं थीं। इनसे पता चलता था कि वह एक महान् कलाकार था।

PSEB 10th Class English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 1 Bed Number-29

Bed Number-29 Summary & Translation in Hindi:

(page 5-6)
Brakes shrieked,…………. hope to me.

Word-meanings : 1. shriek—चीखना, (यहां) ब्रेक लगने की तीखी आवाज़; 2. struck-आ कर लगी; 3. leapt-कूदा, होने लगा; 4. recall—-याद आना; 5. predawn glow–प्रभात के पहले वाला प्रकाश; 6. dew-bathed grass-ओस से नहाई हुई घास; 7. masterpiece-सर्वोत्तम कृति; 8. crash–टक्कर; 9. nightmare-बुरा स्वप्न; 10. dreadful-भयानक; 11. depression—-अवसाद; 12. stare– टकटकी लगा कर देखना; 13. limped-लंगड़ा कर चलता था।

अनुवाद- ब्रेक लगने की तीखी आवाज़ आई, कोई चीज़ आकर लगी, कोई चिल्लाया और मेरे चारों ओर अंधेरा घिरता आ रहा था। मेरे पूरे शरीर में पीड़ा होने लगी और एक कोमल आवाज़ ने कहा, “श्रीमान, कृपया हिलिए मत। ऐसा करना खतरनाक हो सकता है।” मैंने समझने की कोशिश की जो भी हुआ था — मैंने प्रभात के पहले होने वाली रोशनी को याद किया; पेड़ और फूल, ओस से नहाई हुई घास, मानो सभी सूर्योदय का इंतज़ार कर रहे थे – मैंने इन सब को अपने कैनवस में कैद कर लिया था, जो मेरी सर्वोत्तम कृति थी, मेरे जीवन की खुशी थी।

इसलिए मैंने उसका नाम ‘जीवन’ रख दिया — उसके बाद मुझे व्यस्त सड़क का दृश्य याद आया, ट्रैफिक का ऊंचा शोर, कार – और वह टक्कर। मेरे हाथ ने आंखों पर बंधी पट्टियों को छुआ। “नहीं, ईश्वर,” मैं कराह उठा, “नहीं, यह नहीं।” । मेरा जीवन आवाजों, भावनाओं, गंधों, स्वादों और भयानक अवसाद का एक दुःस्वप्न बन कर रह गया था। वह अंधेरे का एक पिंजरा था जिसने मुझे कैदी बना कर रखा हुआ था — अंधेरा और मैं, बस हम दोनों थे। समय अब स्थिर हो गया था, अब मेरे लिए सूर्य उदय होना बन्द हो गया था; फूलों का खिलना, जल-धाराएं और निर्मल आकाश अब सिर्फ यादें बन कर रह गए थे। जीवन मेरे साथ ही मरता जा रहा था, एक घंटे से दूसरे घंटे तक मैं पलंग पर लेटा रहता मानो छत की ओर टकटकी लगा कर देख रहा होऊं।

“कहो, क्या हाल है ?” मेरे वार्ड का साथी, नईम, पूछ रहा था जिसे ‘उन्तीस नंबर’ के नाम से जाना जाता था जो कि उसके बैड का नंबर था। वह एक मधुरभाषी और प्रसन्नचित्त व्यक्ति था जो कहानियां सुना कर मुझे सांत्वना देता रहता था और इस प्रकार मेरे मन को जीवन की भयानक वास्तविकताओं से परे ले जाता था। सिवाए इसके कि वह लंगड़ा कर चलता था और उन्तीस नंबर के बैड पर था, मुझे उसके बारे में मुश्किल से ही कुछ पता था। वह फूलों की क्यारियों में फुदकती हुई चिड़ियों का और प्रातःकाल की चमक का वर्णन इतने आश्चर्यजनक ढंग से करता था कि मैं कल्पना करने लगता था मानो उस दृश्य को स्वयं ही देख रहा होऊं। “बोलते रहो,” मैं उससे आग्रह करता जब उसकी आवाज़ आनी बंद हो जाती। इस प्रकार वह सारा दिन अपनी खिड़कियों के बाहर के दृश्य का वर्णन बहुत विस्तार से करता रहता था। उसका ऐसा करना मुझे आशा देता था।

(Page 6)
“Listen,” he said ……….. happened with myself.”

Word-meanings :
1. hobby-शौक के लिए किया गया काम; 2. lash out-फटकारना; 3. hysterical —मानो दौरा पड़ गया हो; 4. moved—बहुत प्रभावित; 5. brightened—जोश आ गया; 6. haystack-घास का ढेर; 7. ablaze चमकदार रंगों से भरी; 8. bask-धूप सेंकना; 9. gasp-लंबी सांसें लेना; 10. uneasy -बेचैनी-भरी; 11. embarrassed—लज्जित कर दिया; 12. after all-कुछ भी हो; 13. plead-विनती करना; 14. attendants—कर्मचारी; 15. miracle-चमत्कार।

अनुवाद- “सुनो,” उसने एक दिन सवेरे कहा। “तुम चित्र बनाना शुरू कर दो, जो जैसा तुमने कहा था, पहले तुम्हारा शौकिया काम हुआ करता था।” मैंने उसे बहुत फटकारा। मैं चिल्लाया, मानो दौरा पड़ गया हो, कि उसे मेरी कला के बारे में मज़ाक करने का कोई अधिकार नहीं था। वह लंगड़ाता हुआ अपने बैड पर चला गया।

कई दिन बीत गए। फिर एक दिन मैंने उससे पूछा कि क्या वह किसी चीज़ से गहरे रूप से प्रभावित हुआ था। “हां,” उसने धीरे-धीरे कहना शुरू किया, “हां, कई चीज़ों से।” अचानक उसकी आवाज़ में जोश आ गया। “हां, बिल्कुल।” “एक बार अक्तूबर की एक सुनहरी शाम के वक्त मैं एक फार्महाउस के पास से गुजर रहा था और मैंने घास का एक ढेर देखा। वह भूसा नहीं था, वह शुद्ध सोना था। चारों तरफ दुनिया रंगों से भरी हुई थीलाल पत्तियां, सफ़ेद बत्तखें जो सुर्ख लाल पश्चिम दिशा में डूबते हुए सूर्य की आखिरी किरणों में धूप सेंक रही थीं। वहां से हिलने में असमर्थ हुआ, मैं वहां खड़ा हो गया और गहरी-गहरी सांसें लेने लगा। “क्या,” मैं चिल्लाया, “तुमने चित्र नहीं पेंट किया ?” एक बेचैनी-भरी खामोशी छा गई जिसने मुझे ऐसा प्रश्न पूछने की लज्जा से भर दिया। कुछ भी हो, मैंने सोचा, हर आदमी कलाकार नहीं होता। “मेरा मतलब है, मैंने तो उसका चित्र पेंट कर लिया होता,” जल्दी-जल्दी मैंने कहा। “तुम क्यों नहीं पेंट कर लेते ? वह दृश्य मेरे मन में है और मैं जानता हूं कि तुम पेंट कर सकते हो। कृपा करके ‘हां’ कह दो, मान जाओ,” उसने विनती की, और इससे पहले कि मैं जान पाऊं कि मैं क्या कर बैठा था, मैंने कह दिया, “हां।”

मेरे जीवन ने एक नया मोड़ ले लिया। उसने मुझे हर वह चीज़ दे दी थी जिसकी ज़रूरत मुझे पेंटिंग में पड़ सकती थी और जब अस्पताल के कर्मचारी आश्चर्य में भर कर चिल्ला उठे जब वे कमरे में आए, तो नईम ने उन्हें चुप करा दिया। फिर चमत्कार शुरू हुआ और उत्सुक, पर लगभग कांपती हुई, उंगलियों से मैं एक उस दृश्य का चित्र बनाने लगा जो मुझे किसी समय बहुत अच्छा लगा था। मैं अपनी याद्दाश्त के कैनवस पर से, लगातार मेहनत करते हुए कागज़ पर उस दृश्य का रेखाचित्र बनाता रहा; मैं अपने काम में इतना डूबा हुआ था कि अपने अंधेपन के विषय में कुछ भी नहीं सोच पा रहा था। मैंने दृश्य का चित्र समाप्त किया और कांपती हुई आवाज़ में नईम को बुलाया। लंबे-लंबे कदमों से वह मेरे बैड की तरफ आया और कुछ समय के लिए मुझे कुछ भी सुनाई नहीं दिया। मेरा दिल डूब गया। “अवश्य ही मैंने कोई भारी गड़बड़ कर दी होगी,” मैं सोचने लगा। फिर उसकी आवाज़ ने खामोशी को भंग कर दिया। “यह बहुत अद्भुत है। यह अविश्वसनीय है, तुम प्रतिभाशाली हो, तुममें विलक्षण प्रतिभा है, कौन कह सकता है कि तुम अंधे हो।” मेरे मन को आराम मिला और मैं कह उठा, “सचमुच! मैं कभी विश्वास नहीं कर सकता था यदि यह मेरे स्वयं के साथ न हुआ होता।”

PSEB 10th Class English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 1 Bed Number-29

(Page 7-8)
Every morning, …………. living for something.

Word-meanings : 1. dreamy-स्वप्निल, मानो सपने में हो; 2. magic dreamland sceneryजादुई स्वप्नदेश का दृश्य; 3. create-रचना करना, (यहां) चित्र बनाना; 4. anxiety-चिंता; 5. lump in one’s throat गला रुंध जाना, मानो गले में कुछ अटक गया हो; 6. unwound-(पट्टियां) खोली जा रही थीं; 7. buried—गड़ा लिया; 8. console-सांत्वना देना; 9. shock—सदमा लगना; 10. persuadeमनाना; 11. awful-भद्दा, बेकार; 12. strike a bargain-सौदा कर सकना।

अनुवाद- हर सुबह, नाश्ते के बाद, नईम मेरे बैड पर आता, एक स्वप्निल आवाज़ में एक दृश्य का वर्णन करता जिस पर मैं सवेरे से शाम तक काम करता रहता, मानो कि दिन कभी खत्म नहीं होगा। एक कैनवस खत्म होता और दूसरा शुरू होता। यह सब बहुत अद्भुत था। नईम मुझसे जादुई स्वप्नदेश का सारा दृश्य बनवाता। स्वयं को उसके रंगों की दुनिया में गुम करके, और अपने अंधेपन को भूल कर, मैं कागज़ पर वह सब चित्रित करता जो वह कहता। वह हमेशा मेरी प्रशंसा करता और मुझे अपनी प्रतिभा पर ज्यादा, और ज्यादा विश्वास होता गया। वह स्वयं रंगों का मिश्रण करता, और किसी जगह हल्की शेड और किसी और जगह गहरी रेखा का इस्तेमाल करने का सुझाव देता। यह वही समय था जब डाक्टरों ने एक बार फिर मेरा ऑपरेशन किया।

नईम ने पढ़ कर मुझे सुनाने का या मेरी खिड़की के बाहर के दृश्य का वर्णन करने का काम अपने ऊपर ले लिया क्योंकि मैं बैड से हिलने में असमर्थ था। जैसे-जैसे दिन बीते, मेरी चिंता बढ़ती गई – आंशिक रूप से इसलिए क्योंकि मैं अपनी स्वयं की आंखों से रंगों की दुनिया को देखना चाहता था, पर ज्यादा इसलिए क्योंकि मैंने इसी ऑपरेशन में अपना अंतिम रुपया भी खर्च कर दिया था, और ऑपरेशन के असफल हो जाने की स्थिति में मैंने अंधेरों और कष्टों के विपत्तिपूर्ण जीवन से डरते रहना था। मैं नर्स के साथ डाक्टरों के कमरे की तरफ जा रहा था जब नईम आया और बोला, “आज का दिन बहुत सुंदर है, मुझे पूरी उम्मीद है कि तुम इसे जल्दी देख सकोगे।” मैंने जवाब देना चाहा पर मानो गले में कुछ अटक गया। मुझे ऑपरेशन थियेटर से आने वाली गंध आई और मैंने एक दस्ताने वाले हाथ को कोमलता से स्वयं को छूते हुए अनुभव किया। मेरी पट्टियां खोली जा रही थीं। दीवार-घड़ी की टिक-टिक सुनाई दे रही थी और एक आवाज़ ने कहा, “अपनी आँखें खोलो,” और मैंने अपनी आँखें खोलीं। वही समाप्त न होने वाला अंधेरा अभी भी मौजूद था।

नर्स की मदद से मैं वापस अपने कमरे में आ गया। तो मेरे सामने ऐसा जीवन था – अंधेरे से भरा हुआ। मैंने अपना सिर तकिए में गड़ा लिया। नईम मेरी बगल में था और मुझे सांत्वना दे रहा था। “मैं जल्दी ही यहां से चला जाऊंगा, नईम,” मैंने एक दिन उदास हो कर कहा। “मेरे पास अब पैसे नहीं बचे, इस ऑपरेशन में मेरा सब कुछ खर्च हो गया।” उसे सदमा लगा। “ओह, नहीं! मेरे पास कुछ पैसे हैं, तुम उन्हें ले सकते हो,” उसने कोमलतापूर्वक कहा। मैंने दृढ़ता से उत्तर दिया, “धन्यवाद, नईम। मैंने कभी भी किसी से कुछ नहीं मांगा, न ही भविष्य में मांगूंगा, फिर भी (पेशकश के लिए) मैं तुम्हारा धन्यवाद करता हूं।” उसने मुझे मनाने की कोशिश की, पर मैंने सुनने से इन्कार कर दिया। एक दिन दोपहर में नईम दौड़ता हुआ मेरे बैड पर आया और कहने लगा, “सुनो यार, मेरा एक दोस्त है जो कला-प्रेमी है। वह तुम्हारे पेंट किए हुए चित्र खरीदना चाहता है।” “ऐसा कैसे हो सकता है, वह तो बहुत भद्दे होंगे!” मैंने सोचा। “वह अमीर है, हम उससे सौदा कर सकते हैं।” मैंने हामी भर दी और नईम खुशी से कमरे में इधर-उधर नाचने लगा। अगले दिन उसने मुझे कुछ कड़कड़ाते हुए नोट पकड़ाए। मेरी प्रसन्नता की कोई सीमा न रही। आशा फिर से ऊंची उठ गई। एक बार फिर मैं किसी उद्देश्य के लिए जीने लगा था।

(Page 8)
I took to ……… paintings in my hand.

Word-meanings :
1. tale—कहानी; 2. off and on—कभी-कभी; 3. purple-जामुनी; 4. splash —छींटे मारना, छितरा जाना; 5. mind’s eye—मन की आँखें ; 6. regained consciousness होश में आया; 7. flash-चमक, कौंध; 8. wheeled back-पहिएदार कुसी में बिठाकर वापिस ले गए; 9. pale -पीला (बीमारी या घबराहट से); 10. vanished—गायब हो गई।

अनुवाद- मैंने फिर से चित्र पेंट करना शुरू कर दिया। हर सुबह नईम मेरी बगल में बैठ जाता और अपनी स्वप्निल कहानी शुरू कर देता। मैं चित्र बनाता और बनाता ही गया। वह अपरिचित खरीददार कभी-कभी आता और मेरे चित्र खरीद लेता। नईम चारों ऋतुओं के दृश्यों का वर्णन इतने भावनात्मक ढंग से करता, विशेषकर सूर्यास्त के दृश्यों का, कि गुलाबी, जामुनी, सफ़ेद, बैंगनी और सुनहरे रंग के सारे शेड मेरे ‘मन की आंखों’ के सामने छितरा जाते।

मेरे सारे चित्र खरीद लिए गए थे और मैंने स्वयं को तीसरे ऑपरेशन के लिए तैयार पाया। ऑपरेशन के बाद जब मुझे होश आया, मुझसे कहा गया कि मैं न तो हिलूं और न ही किसी से बात करूं। बैड नंबर उन्तीस, नर्स ने बताया, खाली हो चुका था। जब मेरी पट्टी खोली जाने वाली थी तो मैंने नईम को बुला लाने को कहा किन्तु नर्स ने कहा कि वह बीमार था और आने में असमर्थ था। डाक्टर ने पट्टी खोली और जब मैंने अपनी आंखें खोली तो रोशनी की एक चमक मेरी आंखों में घुसती चली गई – मैं देख पा रहा था। वे पहिएदार कुर्सी में बिठाकर मुझे वापिस कमरे में ले गए।

मैं ऊंची आवाज़ में बोला, “नईम, नईम।” “सिस्टर, नईम कहां है ?” मैंने पूछा। नर्स का चेहरा पीला पड़ गया जब उसने मुझे नईम का पत्र पकड़ाया – आशा की देवी मुझ पर मुस्कराई और फिर उसी शीघ्रता से, जितनी शीघ्रता से वह आई थी, वह गायब हो गई। दुःख से पागल होकर मैं अलमारी की तरफ भागा, और वहां मेरे सारे चित्र पड़े हुए थे। वे केवल अव्यविस्थत रूप से खींची गई लकीरों के पुंज थे जिनमें कोई रंग नहीं था। नर्स बोली, “वह बहुत महान् व्यक्ति था। उसने अपने सारे पैसों से यह चित्र खरीदे और अस्पताल छोड़ कर चला गया जब उसके पास चित्र खरीदने के लिए पैसे नहीं रहे। वह अपना तीसरा ऑपरेशन भी नहीं करवा सका।”

PSEB 10th Class English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 1 Bed Number-29

“क्या ?” मैं चिल्ला पड़ा, “ऑपरेशन ? कौन सा ऑपरेशन ? “क्यों ? बेशक उसकी आंखों का ऑपरेशन, वह अंधा था,” वह बोली। कुछ देर के लिए मैं हिलने में असमर्थ हो गया। आंसुओं ने मेरी आंखों को धुंधला कर दिया था। उसके तकिए के नीचे वे चार चित्र पड़े हुए थे जिनमें उसने अंधा होने से पहले चार ऋतुओं की पेटिंग की थी। उसने उन्हीं चित्रों का वर्णन मेरे सामने किया था – और इस प्रकार मेरे ‘कैनवस पर वे चित्र पेंट करने की कोशिश की थी। आंसुओं ने मेरी आंखों को धुंधला कर दिया जब मैंने उसके चित्रों को अपने हाथों में लिया।

PSEB 10th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 1 The Happy Prince

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class English Book Solutions English Main Course Book Chapter 1 The Happy Prince Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Chapter 1 The Happy Prince

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Where did the statue of the Happy Prince stand ?
Answer:
It stood on a high column above the city.

यह नगर के ऊपर की तरफ़ एक बहुत ऊँचे स्तम्भ पर खड़ा था।

Question 2.
How was the statue decorated ?
Answer:
The statue was covered with thin leaves of fine gold. It had two bright sapphires for its eyes. There was a large ruby on its sword-hilt.

बुत बढ़िया सोने की बारीक पत्तियों से पूरा ढका हुआ था। उसकी आँखों में दो चमकदार नीलम लगे थे। उसकी तलवार की मूठ पर एक बड़ा लाल माणिक था।

Question 3.
Where was the Swallow going ?
Answer:
The Swallow was going to Egypt. His friends had already gone there.

अबाबील पक्षी मिस्र जा रहा था। उसके मित्र पहले ही वहां जा चुके थे।

PSEB 10th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 1 The Happy Prince

Question 4.
Why did the Swallow put up between the feet of the Happy Prince ?
Answer:
It was a fine place between the feet of the Happy Prince. Also, there was plenty of fresh air. That was why the Swallow put up there.

प्रसन्नचित्त राजकुमार के पैरों के मध्य की जगह बहुत बढ़िया थी। साथ में वहां पर्याप्त ताजा हवा भी थी। इसीलिए अबाबील वहां ठहर गया।

Question 5.
Where were the drops coming from ?
Answer:
The drops were coming from the eyes of the statue of the Happy Prince.

बूंदें प्रसन्नचित्त राजकुमार के बुत की आँखों से आ रही थीं।

Question 6.
Why was the Happy Prince crying ?
Answer:
The statue of the Happy Prince had been set up very high. He could see all the sorrows and miseries of the city people. It made him cry.

प्रसन्नचित्त राजकुमार का बुत बहुत ऊँचाई पर स्थापित किया गया था। वह शहर के लोगों के सभी दुःखों और कष्टों को देख सकता था। इससे उसे रोना आ गया।

Question 7.
Describe the seamstress in the words of the Prince.
Answer:
The seamstress had a thin and worn face. She was embroidering flowers on a satin gown. Her hands were coarse and red. They were all pricked by the needle.

दर्जिन का चेहरा दुबला और थका हुआ था। वह साटन के एक गाउन पर फूलों की कढ़ाई कर रही थी। उसके हाथ खुरदरे और लाल थे। वे पूरी तरह से सुई के कारण छिदे हुए थे।

Question 8.
Why was the seamstress’s little boy crying?
Answer:
The little boy was ill. He had fever. He was crying for oranges.

नन्हा लड़का बीमार था। उसे बुखार था। वह संतरों के लिए रो रहा था।

Question 9.
How did the Happy Prince and the Swallow help the seamstress?
Answer:
The Happy Prince asked the Swallow to pluck the ruby out of his sword hilt and take it to the seamstress. The Swallow did the same. Thus they helped the seamstress.

प्रसन्नचित्त राजकुमार ने अबाबील से अपनी तलवार की मूठ से माणिक निकाल कर दर्जिन के पास लेजाने को कहा। अबाबील ने ऐसा ही किया। इस प्रकार उन्होंने दर्जिन की सहायता की।

Question 10.
Why did the Swallow feel warm ?
Answer:
The Swallow had done a good deed. The thought of it made him feel warm.

अबाबील ने एक अच्छा काम किया था। ऐसा सोच कर उसे सुखद गर्मी महसूस हुई।

Question 11.
What troubled the young man in the garret ?
Answer:
The young man in the garret was a poor playwright. He was feeling very cold and there was no fire in the grate. He was feeling hungry also.

अटारी में बैठा युवक एक निर्धन नाटककार था। उसे बहुत ठण्ड लग रही थी और अंगीठी में कोई आग नहीं थी। उसे भूख भी लग रही थी।

Question 12.
How was the young man helped ?
Answer:
The Prince asked the Swallow to pluck out the sapphire from his eye and give it to the young man. The Swallow did as he was told. The young man. became happy on getting the sapphire. He was now able to finish his play.

राजकुमार ने अबाबील को आदेश दिया कि वह उसकी आँख से नीलम निकाल ले और युवक को दे आए। अबाबील ने वैसे ही किया जैसा उसे कहा गया था। नीलम पाकर युवक खुश हो गया। वह अब अपना नाटक समाप्त कर सकता था।

PSEB 10th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 1 The Happy Prince

Question 13.
Why was the match girl crying ?
Answer:
The match girl’s matches had fallen into the gutter. They were all spoiled. That was why she was crying.

माचिस बेचने वाली लड़की की माचिसें नाली में गिर गई थीं। वे सब खराब हो गईं थीं। इसी कारण वह रो रही थी।

Question 14.
The Swallow said to the Prince, “I will stay with you always.” Why ?
Answer:
The Prince had given away the sapphires from his eyes for the poor playwright and the match girl. He had now become completely blind. The. Swallow felt deep pity for the Prince and decided to stay with him for ever.

राजकुमार ने अपनी आँखों के नीलम ग़रीब नाटककार और माचिस बेचने वाली लड़की के लिए दे दिए थे। वह अब पूरी तरह अन्धा हो गया था। अबाबील को राजकुमार के लिए गहरी दया महसूस हुई और उसने सदा के लिए उसके साथ रहने का निश्चय कर लिया।

Question 15.
How did the poor Swallow manage to live in so much cold ?
Answer:
The Swallow tried to keep himself warm by flapping his wings. He got some crumbs to eat at the baker’s door. Thus he managed to live in so much cold.

अबाबील अपने पंख फड़फड़ा कर स्वयम् को गर्म रखने की कोशिश करता। उसे नानबाई के दरवाजे पर से कुछ रोटी के टुकड़े खाने को मिल जाते। इस प्रकार उसने इतनी सर्दी में जीने का उपाय
कर लिया।

Question 16.
Why was the statue of the Happy Prince pulled down ?
Answer:
The statue of the Happy Prince had lost all its gold, its ruby and sapphires. :
Now it looked dull and grey. Therefore, it was pulled down.

प्रसन्नचित्त राजकुमार का बुत अपना सब सोना, अपना माणिक और अपने नीलम खो बैठा था। अब वह भूरा और भद्दा दिखाई देता था। इसलिए इसे नीचे गिरा दिया गया।

Question 17.
What were the two most precious things in the city ?
Answer:
The two most precious things in the city were — the dead Swallow and the broken lead heart of the Happy Prince.

शहर में दो सबसे कीमती वस्तुएं थीं – मृत अबाबील और प्रसन्नचित्त राजकुमार का टूटा हुआ सीसे का दिल।

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why was the prince called the Happy Prince ?
Answer:
The Prince lived in a palace. No sorrow was allowed to enter there. He never had a taste of sorrow. He did not know what tears were. He always remained happy. Thus he lived, and thus he died. So his courtiers called him the Happy Prince.

राजकुमार एक महल में रहता था। वहां किसी दुःख को प्रवेश करने की इजाजत नहीं थी। उसने कभी किसी दुःख का अनुभव नहीं किया था। वह नहीं जानता था कि आँसू क्या होते हैं। वह सदा प्रसन्न रहता था। वह इसी प्रकार जीवित रहा और ऐसे ही मर गया। इसलिए उसके दरबारी उसे प्रसन्नचित्त राजकुमार कहते थे।

Question 2.
“I cannot choose but weep.” Why did the Happy Prince say so ?
Answer:
The statue of the Happy Prince had been set up very high. He could thus see all the ugliness of the city and the misery of the poor people. But he could not move from his place. His feet were fastened to the pedestal. Therefore, he could not choose but weep.

हैपी प्रिन्स का बुत बहुत ऊंचा लगा हुआ था। इस प्रकार वह शहर की सारी कुरूपता और ग़रीब लोगों के कष्टों को देख सकता था। परन्तु वह अपने स्थान से हिल नहीं सकता था। उसके पैर चौकी से जकड़े हुए थे। इसलिए, वह रोने के अलावा और कुछ नहीं कर सकता था।

Question 3.
Comment on the remark — “The living beings always think that gold can make them happy.’
Answer:
Living beings are greedy by nature. They are never satisfied. The more they have, the more they want. They think that happiness comes with more and more gold and money. But this is not true. Real happiness lies in sympathy and contentment. A sympathetic and contented heart enjoys heavenly joy.

जीवित प्राणी स्वभाव से लालची होते हैं। वे कभी सन्तुष्ट नहीं होते। उनके पास जितना अधिक होता है, वे उतना ही ज्यादा चाहते हैं। वे समझते हैं कि प्रसन्नता अधिकाधिक सोने और पैसे से प्राप्त होती है। किन्तु यह सत्य नहीं है। वास्तविक प्रसन्नता सन्तोष और सहानुभूति में निहित होती है। एक सहानुभूतिपूर्ण और सन्तुष्ट हृदय दैवी प्रसन्नता का आनन्द उठाता है।

PSEB 10th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 1 The Happy Prince

Question 4.
Why did the Mayor dislike the statue so much ?
Answer:
The statue of the Happy Prince had lost all its gold, ruby and sapphires. Now it looked dull and grey. It looked no better than a beggar. That was why the Mayor disliked the statue so much. He gave orders to pull it down and melt it in a furnace.

प्रसन्नचित्त राजकुमार का बुत अपना सब सोना, माणिक और नीलम खो बैठा था। अब यह भूरा और भद्दा दिखाई देता था। यह एक भिखारी से कोई बेहतर नहीं लगता था। इसी कारण से मेयर को बुत से इतनी घृणा थी। उसने इसे नीचे गिराने और भट्ठी में पिघलाने का आदेश दे दिया।

Question 5.
Write a short note on the sufferings of the poor people in the city.
Answer:
The poor people in the city lived a miserable life. There was a poor seamstress. She had nothing to give her son who was sick. There was a student who had no firewood to keep himself warm. There was a match girl who had no shoes or stockings. There were hungry and homeless children. There was ugliness and misery everywhere.

नगर में निर्धन लोग एक दयनीय जीवन व्यतीत कर रहे थे। वहां एक निर्धन दर्जिन थी। उसके पास अपने बीमार पुत्र को देने के लिए कुछ नहीं था। वहां एक विद्यार्थी था जिसके पास अपने को गर्म रखने के लिए कोई ईंधन नहीं था। वहां एक माचिस बेचने वाली लड़की थी जिसके पास कोई जूते अथवा जुराबें नहीं थीं। वहां भूखे और बेघर बच्चे थे। वहां हर जगह गन्दगी और दरिद्रता थी।

Question 6.
What is the message conveyed by the author ?
Answer:
The author brings out the secret of true happiness. True happiness comes from serving the poor and the needy. God also blesses such persons. It is clear from the examples of the Happy Prince and the Swallow. The Happy Prince gives his all for the sake of the poor. The poor Swallow sacrifices his life for the sake of the Happy Prince. God blesses both of them. He gives them place in His Paradise.

लेखक सच्ची प्रसन्नता के रहस्य को व्यक्त करता है। सच्ची प्रसन्नता गरीबों और जरूरतमन्दों की सेवा करने से प्राप्त होती है। ईश्वर भी ऐसे लोगों को अपना आशीर्वाद देता है। यह बात प्रसन्नचित्त राजकुमार और अबाबील के उदाहरणों से स्पष्ट हो जाती है। प्रसन्नचित्त राजकुमार अपना सर्वस्व निर्धनों के लिए दे देता है। बेचारा अबाबील हैपी प्रिन्स के लिए अपना जीवन बलिदान कर देता है। ईश्वर उन दोनों को आशीर्वाद देता है। वह उन्हें अपने स्वर्ग में स्थान प्रदान कर देता है।

Vocabulary and Grammar

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks with words that mean both A and B.
Answer:
(b) bank
(c) sound
(d) draw
(e) swallow
(f) close
(g) grate
(h) court.

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks choosing the correct word from the following sets :
Answer:
(a) You have quite drenched me. The patient is sleeping, please keep quiet.
(b) The poet’s heart was filled with joy. Do not hunt the heart. You can be punished for it.
(c) Winter dryness makes her skin coarse. You need good marks to get into this university course.
(d) There is no fire in the grate. She takes great care of her kids.
(e) Do not wander in the rain. The Pyramids are a great wonder.
(f) They pulled down the statue of the Happy Prince. Penalties are laid down in the statute.
(g) Human nature is the same everywhere. All nations believe in the humane treatment of the prisoners of war.
(h) They held their council meeting on Tuesday. I will bear your counsel in mind.
(i) A bird in hand is better than two in the bush. Batter the mixture into a thick paste.
(j) He wrote an official letter. His officious manner made him many enemies.

Question 3.
Match the following words with their antonyms :
Answer:
1. above — below
2. plenty — scarcity
3. bright — dull
4. sorrow — happiness
5. entrance — exit
6. personal — public
7. coarse — smooth
8. delicious — insipid
9. strange — familiar
10. shabby – neat
11. friendly – hostile
12. arrival – departure
13. disease — health
14. angel — devil
15. accept — reject
16. agree — disagree
17. misery — joy
18. appear — vanish
19. create — destroy.

PSEB 10th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 1 The Happy Prince

Question 4.
Fill in the blanks using of and off :
Answer:
1. Send me a cup of tea.
2. I washed the dirt off my hands.
3. Get off the bus at the next stop.
4. Send me a copy of this story.
5. Did you get a day off this week ?
6. She died of heart failure.
7. It was nice of you to send me flowers.
8. He fell off the bed and broke his leg.
9. He is a member of the Parliament.
10. She is better off without him.

Question 5.
Rewrite the following sentences in their past perfect and past perfect continuous form :
Answer:
1. (a) The town had made all preparations.
(b) The town had been making all preparations.

2. (a) He had passed by the cathedral tower.
(b) He had been passing by the cathedral tower.

3. (a) You had done a good action.
(b) You had been doing a good action.

4. (a) I had come to bid you goodbye.
(b) I had been coming to bid you goodbye.

5. (a) He had slept at the Prince’s feet.
(b) He had been sleeping at the Prince’s feet.

6. (a) The Swallow had flown over the great city.
(b) The Swallow had been flying over the great city.

7. (a) They had pulled down the statue of the Happy Prince.
(b) They had been pulling down the statue of the Happy Prince.

8. (a) He had picked up crumbs outside the baker’s door.
(b) He had been picking up crumbs outside the baker’s door.

9. (a) They had melted the statue in a furnace.
(b) They had been melting the statue in a furnace.

10. (a) The poor little Swallow had grown colder and colder.
(b) The poor little Swallow had been growing colder and colder.

Question 6.
Punctuate the following paragraph :
Answer:
Jack shouted back at his accuser, “You want to massacre 150,000 people for nothing !” Spitting out his words with fury, Roger, the senior officer, in the room shouted, “I have never seen such a gutsless general like you, Jack !”

Question 7.
Make adjectives and use them in sentences :
Answer:
1. Brilliant – He is a brilliant student.
2. Quick – She was quick to point out all the mistakes I’d made.
3. Nervous – Interviews always make me nervous.
4. Bright – Tomorrow’s weather will be cloudy with bright periods.
5. Eager – I as eager to know my exam result.
6. Careful – Be careful while crossing the road.
7. Critical – The patient’s condition is critical.
8. Simple – This machine is quite simple to use.
9. Sudden – Their departure was very sudden.
10. Loving – She is my loving daughter.

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
The drops were coming from the …………….. of the Happy Prince.
Answer:
1. eyes

Question 2.
The son of the seamstress was crying because he wanted to go to Egypt. (True, False)
Answer:
False

Question 3.
The poor seamstress was given the …………….. by the swallow.
(i) gold
(ii) sapphire
(iii) ruby
(iv) oranges.
Answer:
(iii) ruby

Question 4.
Who ordered to pull down the statue of the Happy Prince ?
(i) Mayor
(ii) Swallow
(iii) Seamstress
(iv) Playwright.
Answer:
(i) Mayor

Question 5.
The statue of the Happy Prince was decorated with diamonds. (True/False)
Answer:
False

Question 6.
Who was sent to bring the two most precious things from the city ?
(i) Mayor
(ii) God
(iii) Angel
(iv) Match-girl.
Answer:
(iii) Angel

Question 7.
The man in the garret was writing a …
Answer:
play.

Answer each of the following in one word / phrase / sentence :

Question 1.
What type of palace did the Happy Prince live in ?
Answer:
It was a palace where no sorrow was allowed to enter.

Question 2.
Where did the statue of the Happy Prince stand ?
Answer:
It stood on a tall column high above the city.

Question 3.
Where were the friends of the Swallow waiting ?
Answer:
They were waiting for the Swallow in Egypt.

Question 4.
What was the seamstress doing ?
Answer:
She was embroidering flowers on a satin gown.

Question 5.
What did the Swallow take to the seamstress’s house ?
Answer:
She took the ruby from the sword-hilt of the Happy Prince.

PSEB 10th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 1 The Happy Prince

Question 6.
What was used for the eyes of the Happy Prince ?
Answer:
Two bright sapphires were used as the eyes of the Happy Prince.

Question 7.
What was the heart of the Happy Prince made of ?
Answer:
It was made of lead.

Question 8.
Who got a sapphire from the Swallow ?
Answer:
The playwright got a sapphire from the Swallow.

Question 9.
Why did the Swallow feel warm even when it was biting cold outside ?
Answer:
Because he had done a good deed.

Question 10.
Why was the match girl weeping ?
Answer:
She was weeping because her matches had fallen into the gutter.

Question 11.
Who brought God the leaden heart and the dead bird ?
Answer:
One of God’s angels brought them to Him.

Question 12.
What were the two most precious things in the city ?
Answer:
They were the leaden heart of the Happy Prince and the dead bird.

Complete the following :

1. There was no fire in the play wright’s …………..
2. The seamstress was embroidering . ……………… on a satin gown.
3. The Swallow plucked out the …………………. from the Prince’s sword.
4. The Swallow decided to put up between the ……………… of the Happy Prince.
5. The statue of the Happy Prince was gilded all over with …………. of fine gold.
6. The Happy Prince did not know what ………………… were when he lived . in the palace.
7. From above, Happy Prince could see the . ……….. of the city.
8. The Mayor said, “He is little better than a ……………….
Answer:
1. grate
2. flowers
3. ruby
4. feet
5. leaves
6. tears
7. misery
8. beggar.

Write True or False against each statement :

1. God gave a place to the Happy Prince in his city of gold.
2. Swallow’s friends were waiting for him in Egypt.
3. The play wright was a very rich man.
4. The Happy Prince lived a miserable life when he was alive.
5. The statue was set up in a park.
6. The heart of the Happy Prince was made of lead.
7. The Town Councillors praised the statue of Happy Prince. –
Answer:
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. False
6. True
7. False

Choose the correct option for each of the following :

Question 1.
In his palace, the Happy Prince had lived …………..
(a) a happy life
(b) a miserable life
(c) a student life
(d) a sorrowful life.
Answer:
(a) a happy life

Question 2.
The statue of the Happy Prince stood ……
(a) in the palace
(b) inside a park
(c) on a platform
(d) on a tall column.
Answer:
(d) on a tall column.

Question 3.
The seamstress …………. when the Swallow came to her house.
(a) was talking to her son
(b) was playing with her son
(c) was fanning the boy’s head
(d) was asleep.
Answer:
(d) was asleep.

Question 4.
The statue was gilded all over with : ………….
(a) precious jewels
(b) solid gold
(c) thin leaves of gold
(d) artistic paintings.
Answer:
(c) thin leaves of gold

PSEB 10th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 1 The Happy Prince

Question 5.
The Swallow’s friends had already gone to …………
(a) West Africa
(b) South Africa
(c) Egypt
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(c) Egypt

Question 6.
The Swallow took shelter ……………….. of the Prince.
(a) between the feet
(b) on the shoulder
(c) on the hand
(d) on the sword.
Answer:
(a) between the feet

The Happy Prince Summary & Translation in English

The Happy Prince Introduction:
The Happy Prince lived a carefree life as long as he was alive. He lived in the palace of happiness. No sorrow was allowed to enter his palace. His courtiers called him the Happy Prince. So he lived and so he died. After his death, a statue of the Happy Prince was set up on a tall column. The statue was made of lead but was covered with gold. The eyes were made of sapphires and the sword-hilt had a ruby on it. The Happy Prince had a very kind heart. When he saw the misery of the poor people, his heart melted with pity. He gave away his ruby, sapphires and all the gold for the poor. He became blind and his body looked ugly. But he was happy at heart because real happiness comes from serving the poor and the needy. Though his heart was made of lead, yet it broke when his beloved Swallow died. God blessed the Happy Prince and was pleased to have him in His city of gold.

The Happy Prince Summary & Translation in English:

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High above the city, on a tall column? stood the statue of the Happy Prince. He was gilded all over with thin leaves of fine gold; for eyes, he had two bright sapphires, and a large red ruby glowed on his sword-hilt?
One night, there flew over the city a little Swallow. His friends had gone away to Egypt six weeks before, but he had stayed behind; then he decided to go to Egypt too.
All day long he flew, and at night time he arrived at the city.
“Where shall I put up ?” he said, “I hope the town has made preparations.”
Then he saw the statue on the tall column.

“I will put up there,” he cried. “It is a fine position with plenty of fresh air.” So he alighted just between the feet of the Happy Prince.
“I have a golden bedroom,” he said softly to himself as he looked round, and he prepared to go to sleep; but just as he was putting his head under his wing a large drop of water fell on him. “What a curious thing !” he cried. “There is not a single cloud in the sky; the stars are quite clear and bright, and yet it is raining.” Then another drop fell.
“What is the use of a statue if it cannot keep the rain off ?” he said. “I must look for a good chimney pot,” and he determined to fly away. But before he had opened his wings, a third drop fell, and he looked up, and saw — Ah ! what did he see ?

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The eyes of the Happy Prince were filled with tears?, and tears were running down his golden cheeks. His face was so beautiful in the moonlight that the little Swallow was filled with pity.
“Who are you ?” he said. “I am the Happy Prince.”

“Why are you weeping then ?” asked the Swallow. “You have quite drenched me.”
“When I was alive and had a human heart,” answered the statue, “I did not know what tears were, for I lived in the palace, where sorrow is not allowed to enter. My courtiers? called me the Happy Prince, and happy indeed I was. So I lived, and so I died. And now that I am dead, they have set me up here so high that I can see the ugliness and all the miseryo of my city, and though my heart is made of lead yet I cannot chooseli but weep.”

“What ! Is he not solid gold ?” said the Swallow to himself. He was too political to make any personal remarks.
“Far away,” continued the statue in a low musical voice, “far away in a little street there is a poor house. One of the windows is open, and through it I can see a woman seated at a table. Her face is thin and worn, and she has coarse, red hands, all pricked by the needle, for she is a seamstress. She is embroidering flowers on a satin gown for the loveliest of the Queen’s maids of honour, to wear at the next Court ball?. In a bed in the corner of the room, her little boy is lying ill. He has fever?, and is asking his mother to give him oranges. His mother has nothing to give him but river water, so he is crying. Swallow, little Swallow, will you not bring her the ruby out of my sword-hilt ? My feet are fastened to this pedestal and I cannot move.”

“I am waited for in Egypt,” said the Swallow. “My friends are flying up and down the Niles, and talking to the lotus flowers. Soon they will go to sleep.”

PSEB 10th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 1 The Happy Prince

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The Prince asked the-Swallow to stay with him for one night and be his messenger?. “The boy is so thirsty, and the mother so sad,” he said.
“I don’t think I like boys,” answered the Swallow. “I want to go to Egypt.”
But the Happy Prince looked so sad that the little Swallow was sorry. “It is very cold here,” he said. But he agreed to stay with him for one night and be his messenger.

“Thank you, little Swallow,” said the Prince.
The Swallow picked out the great ruby from the Prince’s sword, and flew away with it in his beak over the roofs of the town.
He passed by the cathedral10 tower, where the white marble angels were sculptured. He passed by the palace and heard the sound of dancing. A beautiful girl came out on the balcony with her lover.

“I hope my dress will be ready in time for the State ball,” she answered. “I have ordered flowers to be embroidered on it, but the seamstresses are so lazy.” He passed over the river, and saw the lanterns hanging on the masts of the ships. At last he came to the poor house and looked in. The boy was tossing feverishly on his bed, and the mother had fallen asleep; she was so tired. In he hopped, and laid the great ruby on the table beside the woman’s thimble. Then he flew gently round the bed, fanning the boy’s forehead with his wings. “How . cool I feel !“ said the boy, “I must be getting better,” and he sank into a delicious slumber.

Then the Swallow flew back to the Happy Prince, and told him what he had done. “It is curious,” he remarked, “but I feel quite warm now, although it is so cold.”

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“That is because you have done a good action,” said the Prince. And the little Swallow began to think and then fell asleep. Thinking always made him sleepy. When the moon rose, he flew back to the Happy Prince. “Have you any commissions for Egypt ?“ he cried. “I am just starting.”

“Swallow, Swallow, little Swallow,”said the Prince, “Will you stay with me one night longer ?“ “I am waited for in Egypt,” answered the Swallow.

“Swallow, Swallow, little Swallow,” said the Prince, “far away across the city I see a young man in a garret?. He is leaning over a desk covered with papers, and in the glass by his side there is a bunch of withered violets. His hair is brown and crisp and his lips are red as pomegranates, and he has large and dreamy eyes. He is trying to finish a play for the Director of the Theatre, but he is too cold to write any more. There is no fire in the grate”, and hunger has made him faint.”

“I will wait with you one night longer,” said the Swallow, who really had a good heart. He asked if he should take another ruby to the young play wrigh to. “Alas ! I have no ruby10 now,” said the Prince. “My eyes are all that I have left. They are made of rarell sapphires, which were brought out of India a thousand years ago.” He ordered the Swallow to pluck out one of them and take it to the playwright. “He will sell it to the jeweller, and buy firewood , and finish his play,” he said.

“Dear Prince,” said the Swallow, “I cannot do that,” and he began to weep.
“Swallow, Swallow, little Swallow,” said the Prince, “do as I command you.”

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So the Swallow plucked out the Prince’s eye, and flew away to the student’s garret. It was easy enough to get in, as there was a hole in the roof. Through this he darted, and came into the room. The young man had his head buried in his hands, so he did not hear the flutter of the bird’s wings, and when he looked up he found the beautiful sapphire lying on the withered violets.

“I am beginning to be appreciated?,” he cried. “This is from some great admirer. Now I can finish my play,” and he looked quite happy.
The next day, the Swallow flew down to the harbour. He sat on the mast of a large vessel and watched the sailors working. “I am going to Egypt,” cried the Swallow, but nobody minded, and when the moon rose he flew back to the Happy Prince.

“I have come to bid you goodbye,” he cried.
“Swallow, Swallow, little Swallow,” said the Prince, “will you not stay with me one night longer ?”
“It is winter,” answered the Swallow, “and the snow will soon be here. In Egypt, the sun is warm on the green palm trees?, and the crocodiles8 lie in the mud and look lazily about them.”

“In the square below,” said the Happy Prince, “there stands a little match girl. She has let her matches fall in the gutterlo, and they are all spoiled. Her father will beat her if she does not bring home some money, and she is crying. She has no shoes or stocking, and her little head is barell. Pluck out my other eye, and give it to her, and her father will not beat her.” “I will stay with you one night longer,” said the Swallow, “but I cannot pluck out your eye. You would be quite blind then.”

“Swallow, Swallow, little Swallow,” said the Prince, “do as I command you.”
So he plucked out the Princess other eye, and darted down with it. He swooped’ past the match girl, and slipped the jewel into the palm of her hand. “What a lovely bit of glass !“ cried the little girl; and she ran home, laughing.
Then the Swallow came back to the Prince. “You are blind now,” he said, “so I will stay with you always”
“No, little Swallow,” said the poor
Prince, “you must go away to Egypt.”
“No, I will stay with you always,” said the Swallow, and he slept at the Prince’s feet.

PSEB 10th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 1 The Happy Prince

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All the next day, he sat on the Prince’s shoulder, and told him stories of what he had seen in strange lands.
“Dear little Swallow,” said the Prince, “you tell me of marvellous things, but more marvellous than anything is the suffering of men and of women. There is no Mystery so great as Misery. Fly over my city, little Swallow, and tell me what you see there.”

So the Swallow flew over the great city, and saw the rich making merry in their beautiful houses, while the beggars were sitting at the gates. He flew into dark lanes, and saw the white faces of starving children looking out listlessly at the black streets. Under the archway of a bridge two little boys were lying in each other’s arms to try to keep themselves warm. “How hungry we are !” they said. “You must not lie here,” shouted the watchman, and they wandered out into the rain.

Then he flew back and told the Prince what he had seen.
“I am covered with fine gold,” said the Prince. “You must take it off, leaf by leaf, and give it to the poor; the living always think that gold can make them happy.” Leaf after leaf of the fine gold, the Swallow picked off, till the Happy Prince looked quite dull1 and grey. Leaf after leaf of the fine gold he brought to the poor and the children’s faces grew rosier, and they laughed and played in the street. “We have bread now !” they cried.

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Then the snow came, and after the snow came the frost. The streets looked as if they were made of silver. Everybody went about in furs, and the little boys wore scarlet caps and skated on the ice. The poor little Swallow grew colder and colder, but he would not leave the Prince; he loved him too well. He picked up crumbs outside the baker’s door when the baker was not looking, and tried to keep himself warm by flapping his wings.

But at last he knew that he was going to die. He had just enough strength to fly to the Prince’s shoulder once more. “Goodbye, dear Prince !” he murmured, “will you let me kiss your hand ?”
“I am glad that you are going to Egypt at last, little Swallow,” said the Prince. “You have stayed too long here but you must kiss me on the lips, for I love you.” “It is not to Egypt that I am going,” said the Swallow. “I am going to the House of Death. Death is the brother of Sleep, is he not ?”

And he kissed the Happy Prince on the lips, and fell down dead at his feet.
At the moment, a curious crack sounded inside the statue, as if something had broken. The fact is that the leaden heart had snapped right in two. It certainly was a dreadfully hard frost.

Early the next morning, the Mayor was walking in the sqaure below in company with the Town Councillors . As they passed the column, he looked up at the statue. “Dear me! how shabby the Happy Prince looks !” he said.

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“How shabby, indeed !” cried the Town Councillors, who always agreed with the Mayor and they went up to look at it.
“The ruby has fallen out of his sword, his eyes are gone, and he is golden no longer,” said the Mayor. “In fact, he is little better than a beggar !”
“Little better than a beggar,” said the Town Councillors.

“And here is actually a dead bird at his feet!” continued the Mayor. “We must really issue a proclamation that birds are not to be allowed to die here.” And the Town Clerk made a note of the suggestion.
So they pulled down the statue of the Happy Prince. “As he is no longer beautiful he is no longer useful,” said the Art Professor at the University.

Then they melted the statue in a furnace. “What a strange thing !” said the overseer of the workmen at the foundry. “This broken lead heart will not melt in the furnace. We must throw it away.” So they threw it on a dust-heap1 where the dead Swallow was also lying.

“Bring me the two most precious things in the city,” said God to one of His Angels; and the Angel brought Him the leaden heart and the dead bird.
“You have rightly chosen,” said God,
“for in my garden of Paradise, this little bird shall sing for ever more and in my city of gold the Happy Prince shall praise me.”

The Happy Prince Summary & Translation in Hindi

The Happy Prince Introduction:
प्रसन्नचित्त राजकुमार जब तक जीवित था, उसने एक चिन्ता-मुक्त जीवन व्यतीत किया। वह खुशी के महल में रहता था। किसी भी प्रकार के दुःख को इस महल में घुसने की आज्ञा नहीं थी। उसके दरबारी उसे प्रसन्नचित्त राजकुमार कहा करते थे। वह इसी तरह खुशी में जिया और खुशी में ही मरा। उसकी मृत्यु के पश्चात् प्रसन्नचित्त राजकुमार का एक बुत एक ऊँचे स्तम्भ पर लगा दिया गया। बुत सीसे (सिक्के) का बना था लेकिन यह पूरा सोने से ढका हुआ था।

उसकी आंखें नीलम की बनी थीं और उसकी तलवार के मुठे पर एक माणिक लगा था। प्रसन्नचित्त राजकुमार का हृदय बहुत दयालु था। जब उसने ग़रीब लोगों का दुःख देखा तो उसका दिल दया से पिघल गया। उसने अपना माणिक, नीलम और सारा सोना गरीबों के लिए त्याग दिया। वह अन्धा हो गया और उसका शरीर भद्दा दिखाई देने लगा।

लेकिन उसका मन प्रसन्न था क्योंकि वास्तविक प्रसन्नता ग़रीबों तथा जरूरतमंदों की सहायता करने से मिलती है। यद्यपि उसका दिल सीसे का बना था, यह टूट कर दो टुकड़े हो गया जब उसका प्रिय अबाबील पक्षी मर गया। ईश्वर ने प्रसन्नचित्त राजकुमार को अपना आशीर्वाद दिया तथा उसे प्रसन्नतापूर्वक अपने सोने के नगर अर्थात् स्वर्ग में स्थान प्रदान कर दिया।

The Happy Prince Summary & Translation in Hindi:

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नगर में बहुत ऊँचे स्तम्भ पर प्रसन्नचित्त राजकुमार | का बुत खड़ा था। वह पूरा सोने की बारीक पत्तियों से । ढका था; उसकी आंखों के लिए दो चमकदार नीलम थे, और उसकी तलवार की मूठ पर एक बड़ा लाल माणिक चमक रहा था।
एक रात उस शहर के ऊपर एक छोटा अबाबील | उड़ता हुआ आया। उसके मित्र छ: सप्ताह पूर्व मिस्र चले – गए थे, किन्तु वह पीछे रह गया था; फिर उसने भी मिस्त्र जाने का निश्चय कर लिया।

दिन भर वह उड़ता रहा और रात के समय वह नगर – में आ पहुंचा।
“मैं कहां ठहरूंगा ?” उसने कहा, “मुझे आशा है कि नगर ने (मुझे ठहराने की) तैयारियां कर ली हैं।”
फिर उसने ऊंचे स्तम्भ पर खड़े बुत को देखा।

“मैं वहां ठहरूंगा,” उसने ऊंचे स्वर में कहा। “यह एक अच्छा स्थान है जहां पर्याप्त ताजा हवा आ रही है।” इसलिए वह प्रसन्नचित्त राजकुमार के पैरों के बिल्कुल मध्य में उतर आया।
“मुझे एक सुनहरा सोने का कमरा मिल गया है,” उसने चारों ओर देखते हुए अपने आप से धीमे स्वर में कहा, और वह सोने के लिए तैयार हो गया; परन्तु जैसे ही वह अपना सिर अपने पंख के नीचे रखने लगा, पानी की एक बड़ी बूंद उस पर आ गिरी। “कितनी अजीब बात है!” वह चिल्लाया। “आकाश में एक भी बादल नहीं है; तारे बिल्कुल साफ़ और चमकदार हैं, और फिर भी वर्षा हो रही है।”
तभी एक और बूंद आ गिरी।

“एक बुत का क्या लाभ है यदि वह वर्षा से बचा नहीं सकता ?” उसने कहा। “मुझे किसी अच्छी चिमनी (धुंआकश) की तलाश करनी चाहिए,” और उसने वहां से उड़ जाने का निश्चय कर लिया।
लेकिन इससे पहले कि वह अपने पंख खोलता, एक तीसरी बूंद आ गिरी, और उसने ऊपर को नज़र उठाई और देखा – आह! उसने क्या देखा ?

PSEB 10th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 1 The Happy Prince

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प्रसन्नचित्त राजकुमार की आँखें आँसुओं से भरी थीं,और आँसू उसके सुनहरे गालों से नीचे बह रहे थे। उसका चेहरा चांदनी में इतना सुन्दर लग रहा था कि नन्हा अबाबील करुणा से भर गया।
“तुम कौन हो ?” उसने कहा।
“मैं प्रसन्नचित्त राजकुमार हूँ।”
“फिर तुम रो क्यों रहे हो ?”
अबाबील ने पूछा। “तुमने मुझे पूरा भिगो दिया है।”

“जब मैं जीवित था और एक मानव जैसा दिल रखता था,” बुत ने उत्तर दिया, “मैं नहीं जानता था कि | आँसू क्या होते हैं, क्योंकि मैं महल में रहा करता था, जहाँ दुःख का प्रवेश वर्जित है। मेरे दरबारी मुझे प्रसन्नचित्त राजकुमार कहा करते थे और मैं वास्तव में ही प्रसन्न था। इसी तरह मैं प्रसन्नता में जिया और प्रसन्नता में ही मरा। और अब जब कि मैं मर चुका हूँ, उन्होंने मुझे यहां इतनी ऊंचाई पर स्थापित कर दिया है कि मैं अपने शहर की कुरूपता और इसके सारे दुःखों को देख सकता हूँ, और यद्यपि मेरा दिल सीसे का बना है, मैं रोये बिना नहीं रह सकता है।” “क्या ! वह ठोस सोने का नहीं है ?” अबाबील ने अपने मन में कहा। वह इतना विनम्र था कि कोई व्यक्तिगत टिप्पणी नहीं करना चाहता था।

“बहुत दूर,” बुत ने एक हल्की परन्तु सुरीली आवाज़ में कहना जारी रखा, “बहुत दूर एक छोटी-सी गली में एक निर्धन मकान है। उसकी एक खिड़की खुली हुई है और उसमें से मैं देख सकता हूँ कि मेज़ के पास एक स्त्री बैठी हुई है। उसका चेहरा दुबला और थका हुआ है और उसके हाथ खुरदरे और लाल हैं, जोकि सूई से छिदे हुए हैं क्योंकि वह एक दर्जिन है। वह रानी की विशिष्ट सेविकाओं में से सबसे सुन्दर सेविका के लिए साटन के एक गाउन पर फूलों की कढ़ाई कर रही है जिसे उसने अगले दरबारी नृत्य के समय पहनना है। कमरे के एक कोने में चारपाई पर उसका छोटा लड़का बीमार पड़ा है। उसे ज्वर है और वह अपनी मां को संतरे देने के लिए कह रहा है। उसकी माता के पास उसे देने के लिए नदी के जल के अतिरिक्त और कुछ नहीं है, इसलिए वह रो रहा है। ओ अबाबील, नन्हें अबाबील, क्या तुम मेरी तलवार की मूठ में से माणिक निकाल कर उसे नहीं दे आओगे ? मेरे पैर इस चौकी में जकड़े हुए हैं और मैं हिल नहीं सकता हूँ।”
अबाबील ने कहा, “मेरी मिस्त्र में प्रतीक्षा हो रही है। मेरे मित्र नील नदी के ऊपर उड़ रहे हैं और कमल के फूलों से बातें कर रहे हैं। शीघ्र ही वे सो जाएंगे।”

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राजकुमार ने अबाबील से कहा कि वह उसके साथ एक रात ठहर जाए तथा उसका दूत बने। “लड़का बहुत प्यासा है और माता बहुत उदास है,” उसने कहा।
“मैं नहीं समझता कि मुझे लड़के पसन्द हैं,”
अबाबील ने उत्तर दिया। “मैं मिस्र जाना चाहता हूँ।”
परन्तु प्रसन्नचित्त राजकुमार इतना दुःखी लग रहा था कि छोटे अबाबील को दया महसूस हुई। “यहां बहुत सर्दी है,” उसने कहा। परन्तु वह एक रात के लिए उसके साथ रहने और उसका दूत बनने को तैयार हो गया।

“धन्यवाद, नन्हें अबाबील,” राजकुमार ने कहा।
अबाबील ने राजकुमार की तलवार से कीमती माणिक उखाड़ा और इसे अपनी चोंच में उठाकर नगर की छतों के ऊपर से गुजरता हुआ उड़ गया।
वह गिरजाघर के मीनार के ऊपर से गुज़रा जहां सफेद संगमरमर के देवदूत खुदे हुए थे। वह महल के पास से गुजरा और नाचने की आवाज़ सुनी। एक सुन्दर कन्या छज्जे पर अपने प्रेमी के साथ आई।
“आशा करती हूँ कि मेरी पोशाक दरबारी नृत्य के समय तक तैयार हो जाएगी,” उसने जवाब दिया। “मैंने उस पर फूलों की कढ़ाई करने का आदेश दिया है,

लेकिन दर्जिनें कितनी आलसी होती हैं।” वह नदी के ऊपर से गुजरा और उसने जलपोतों के मस्तूलों से लटकती हुई लालटेने देखीं। आखिर वह उस गरीब घर तक आया और अन्दर को झांका। बुखार की बेचैनी में लड़का बिस्तर पर करवटें बदल रहा था, और | उसकी मां सो चुकी थी; वह बहुत थकी हुई थी। वह (अबाबील) फुदक कर अन्दर गया और उस बड़े | माणिक को उस औरत के अंगुस्ताने के पास मेज के ऊपर n रख दिया। फिर वह लड़के के माथे पर अपने पंखों से हवा करता हुआ उसके बिस्तर के चारों तरफ़ धीरे से – उड़ा। “मैं कितना शीतल अनुभव कर रहा हूँ।”

लड़के ने कहा, “अवश्य ही मेरी तबीयत बेहतर हो रही है,” तथा वह मधुर नींद में डूब गया। तब अबाबील प्रसन्नचित्त राजकुमार के पास वापस d उड़ कर आया और उसे बतलाया उसने क्या किया था। at “विचित्र बात है,” वह बोला, “लेकिन अब मैं काफ़ी गर्म महसूस कर रहा हूँ, यद्यपि ठण्ड बहुत है।”

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“ऐसा इसलिए है क्योंकि तुमने एक अच्छा काम | किया है,” राजकुमार ने कहा। और नन्हें अबाबील ने | सोचना शुरू कर दिया, तथा फिर सो गया। सोचने से उसे प्राय: नींद आ जाती थी। जब चांद निकला तो वह उड़ कर प्रसन्नचित्त राजकुमार | के पास वापस आया। “क्या आपको मिस्र में कोई काम | है ?” उसने ऊँचे स्वर में कहा। “मैं अभी जाने को तैयार हूँ।” | “ओ अबाबील, अबाबील, नन्हें अबाबील,” राजकुमार ने कहा, “क्या तुम मेरे साथ एक रात और ठहरोगे ? “मिस्र में मेरी प्रतीक्षा हो रही है,” अबाबील ने | उत्तर दिया।

“अरे अबाबील, अबाबील, नन्हें अबाबील,” राजकुमार ने कहा, “नगर के पार बहुत दूर मुझे एक घर की अटारी में एक युवक दिखाई दे रहा है। वह कागजों से भरी एक मेज पर झुका हुआ है और उसकी बगल में गिलास में मुरझाये हुए बनफशा के फूलों का गुलदस्ता है। उसके बाल भूरे और धुंघराले हैं और उसके होंठ अनार की तरह लाल हैं और उसकी बड़ी-बड़ी तथा स्वप्नमयी
आँखें हैं। वह थियेटर के निर्देशक के लिए एक नाटक समाप्त करने का प्रयास कर रहा है, परन्तु उसे इतनी ठण्ड लग रही है कि वह और लिख नहीं पा रहा है। उसकी अंगीठी में आग नहीं है और भूख ने उसे मूर्छित-सा कर दिया है।”

“मैं तुम्हारे साथ एक रात और रुकूँगा,” अबाबील ने कहा, जो वास्तव में ही एक अच्छा दिल रखता था। उसने पूछा कि क्या वह उस युवा नाटककार के पास एक दूसरा माणिक ले जाए। “अफसोस ! अब मेरे पास कोई माणिक नहीं है,” राजकुमार ने कहा। “अब मेरे पास केवल मेरी आंखें ही बची हैं। वे दुर्लभ नीलम की बनी हैं जिन्हें भारत से एक हज़ार वर्ष पूर्व लाया गया था।” उसने अबाबील को आदेश दिया कि वह उनमें से एक को निकाल ले और इसे नाटककार के पास ले जाए। “वह इसे जौहरी को बेच कर जलाने की लकड़ी खरीद लेगा और अपना नाटक समाप्त कर लेगा,” उसने कहा।
“प्रिय राजकुमार,” अबाबील ने कहा, “मैं ऐसा नहीं कर सकता,” और वह रोने लग गया।
“अरे अबाबील, अबाबील, छोटे अबाबील,” राजकुमार ने कहा, “जैसा मैं आदेश देता हूं, वैसा ही करो।”

PSEB 10th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 1 The Happy Prince

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इसलिए अबाबील ने राजकुमार की आंख निकाल | ली और विद्यार्थी की अटारी की ओर मुड़ गया। अन्दर प्रवेश करना बहुत आसान था क्योंकि छत में एक छेद था। इसमें से अन्दर घुस कर वह बहुत तेजी से कमरे में आ गया। युवक ने अपने सिर को अपने हाथों में लिया हुआ था, इसलिए उसने पक्षी के पंखों की फड़फड़ाहट न सुनी, और जब उसने ऊपर देखा तो उसे बनफ़शा के मुरझाए हुए फूलों पर रखा सुन्दर नीलम दिखाई दिया।
“मेरी सराहना होने लगी है,” वह चिल्ला दिया। “यह किसी बड़े प्रशंसक की तरफ से आया है। अब मैं अपना नाटक पूरा कर सकता हूं,” और वह काफी प्रसन्न दिखने लगा।

अगले दिन अबाबील बन्दरगाह की तरफ उड़ कर गया। वह एक बड़े जहाज़ के मस्तूल पर बैठ गया और नाविकों को काम करते देखता रहा। “मैं मिस्र जा रहा हूं,” अबाबील ने चिल्ला कर कहा, परन्तु किसी ने कोई ध्यान नहीं दिया और जब चांद निकला तो वह उड़ कर वापस प्रसन्नचित्त राजकुमार के पास आ गया।

“मैं तुम्हें अलविदा कहने आया हूं,” वह चिल्लाया।
राजकुमार ने कहा “अरे अबाबील, अबाबील, छोटे अबाबील,” राजकुमार ने कहा, “क्या तुम मेरे साथ एक रात और नहीं ठहरोगे ?” “सर्दी की ऋतु है,” अबाबील ने उत्तर दिया, “और शीघ्र ही यहां बर्फ पड़ जाएगी। मिस्त्र में हरे-हरे खजूर के पेड़ों के ऊपर सुखद धूप पड़ रही है, और कीचड़ में लेटे हुए मगरमच्छ सुस्ताते हुए चारों तरफ देखते रहते हैं।”

“नीचे चौराहे में,” प्रसन्नचित्त राजकुमार ने कहा, “एक छोटी-सी, माचिस बेचने वाली लड़की खड़ी है। वह अपनी माचिसें नाली में गिरा बैठी है और वे सब खराब हो गई हैं। यदि वह अपने घर कुछ पैसे ले कर नहीं लौटेगी तो उसका पिता उसे पीटेगा, तथा इसलिए वह रो रही है। उसके पास न जूते हैं और न ही जुराबे और उसका नन्हा-सा सिर नंगा है। तुम मेरी दूसरी आँख निकाल लो और उसे दे दो तथा फिर उसका पिता उसे नहीं पीटेगा।”

“मैं एक और रात आपके पास रुक जाऊंगा.” अबाबील ने कहा, “किन्तु मैं आपकी आँख नहीं निकाल सकता। तब आप बिल्कुल अन्धे हो जाएंगे।”
“अरे अबाबील, अबाबील, छोटे अबाबील,” राजकुमार ने कहा, “तुम वैसा ही करो जैसा मैं आदेश देता हैं।”
इसलिए उसने राजकुमार की दूसरी आँख उखाड़ ली और इसे लेकर तीव्र गति सहित नीचे को आया। वह झपट कर माचिस वाली लड़की के पास से निकला और उसकी हथेली पर नीलम हल्के से सरका दिया।

“काँच का कितना सुन्दर टुकड़ा है!” नन्ही लड़की चिल्ला उठी; और वह हंसती हुई घर भाग गई।
फिर अबाबील राजकुमार के पास वापस आया। “अब तुम अन्धे हो गये हो,” उसने कहा, “इसलिए मैं हमेशा तुम्हारे साथ रहूँगा।”
“नहीं, नन्हें अबाबील,” बेचारा राजकुमार बोला, “तुम्हें अवश्य ही मिस्त्र चले चाना चाहिए।”
“नहीं, मैं हमेशा तुम्हारे साथ रहूँगा,” अबाबील ने कहा, और वह राजकुमार के पैरों में सो गया।

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अगले सारे दिन वह राजकुमार के कंधे पर बैठा रहा और उसने विचित्र देशों में जो कुछ देखा था, उसके बारे में उसे कहानियाँ सुनाईं। “प्रिय नन्हें अबाबील,” राजकुमार ने कहा, “तुम | मुझे अद्भुत बातें सुना रहे हो, परन्तु किसी भी चीज़ से अधिक अद्भुत नर-नारियों की पीड़ा है। कोई भी रहस्य इतना बड़ा नहीं होता जितना कि (दरिद्रता की) पीड़ा का रहस्य। नन्हें अबाबील, मेरे नगर के ऊपर से | उड़ कर जाओ और मुझे बताओ कि तुम्हें वहाँ क्या दिखाई दिया है।” इसलिए छोटा अबाबील विशाल नगर के ऊपर से – उड़ कर गया और उसने अमीर लोगों को अपने सुन्दर । घरों में खुशियाँ मनाते हुए देखा जबकि भिखारी फाटकों पर बैठे थे। वह अंधेरी गलियों में से उड़ कर गया और उसने भूख से मर रहे बच्चों के सफेद चेहरे देखे जो उदासी सहित अंधेरी गलियों की तरफ देख रहे थे। पुल की गोलाईदार छत के नीचे दो छोटे लड़के स्वयं को गर्म रखने का प्रयास करते हुए एक-दूसरे की बांहों में पड़े थे। “हम कितने भूखे हैं!” उन्होंने कहा। “तुम्हें यहाँ बिल्कुल नहीं लेटना है,” चौकीदार चिल्लाया और वे बाहर वर्षा में भटकने लगे।

फिर वह वापस उड़कर राजकुमार के पास गया और उसे वह सब बतलाया जो उसने देखा था। “मैं सोने की बारीक पत्तियों से ढका हुआ हूँ,” राजकुमार ने कहा। “तुम इन्हें एक-एक पत्ती करके उतार लो और ग़रीबों में बाँट दो; जीवित लोग प्रायः यही सोचते हैं कि सोना उन्हें खुश कर सकता है।” एक-एक पत्ती करके अबाबील ने बारीक सोने को उतारा, जब तक कि प्रसन्नचित्त राजकुमार भद्दा और निस्तेज दिखाई न देने लगा। एक-एक पत्ती करके उसने सोना ग़रीबों को लाकर दिया, और बच्चों के चेहरे अधिक गुलाबी हो गये और वे हँसने लगे तथा गली में खेलने लगे। “अब हमारे पास रोटी है!” वे ऊंचे स्वर में चिल्लाये।

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फिर बर्फ पड़ने लगी और बर्फ के बाद कोहरा पड़ा। गलियाँ ऐसे लग रही थीं मानो चाँदी की बनी हों। सभी लोग खाल के बने वस्त्र पहने फिर रहे थे और छोटे लड़के लाल टोपी पहने बर्फ पर स्केटिंग कर रहे थे।
बेचारा नन्हा अबाबील ठण्डा और ठण्डा होता गया, परन्तु उसने राजकुमार को न छोड़ा; क्योंकि वह उसे बहुत चाहता था। वह नानबाई के दरवाजे के बाहर से रोटी के छोटे-छोटे टुकड़े उठा लेता जब नानबाई देख नहीं रहा होता था, तथा वह अपने पंख फड़फड़ा कर स्वयं को गर्म रखने की कोशिश करता।

परन्तु आखिर वह जान गया कि वह मरने वाला है। उसमें केवल इतनी ही ताक़त थी कि वह एक बार फिर उड़ कर राजकुमार के कंधे तक पहुंच सकता। “अलविदा, प्रिय राजकुमार !” वह धीमे स्वर में बोला, “क्या तुम मुझे अपना हाथ चूमने दोगे ?”
“मुझे खुशी है कि तुम आखिर मिस्र जा रहे हो, नन्हें अबाबील,” राजकुमार ने कहा। “तुम यहाँ बहुत ही देर तक रुके रहे हो परन्तु तुम्हें मेरे होंठों पर चूमना होगा क्योंकि मैं तुम्हें प्यार करता हूँ।”

“मैं मिस्र नहीं जा रहा हूँ,” अबाबील ने कहा। “मैं मृत्यु के घर जा रहा हूँ। मृत्यु नींद का भाई है, क्या ऐसा नहीं है ?”
तथा उसने प्रसन्नचित्त राजकुमार को होंठों पर चूमा और मर कर उसके पैरों में जा गिरा। उसी क्षण बुत के अन्दर से टूटने की एक विचित्र आवाज सुनाई दी, जैसे कुछ टूट गया था। वास्तव में यह सीसे का बना दिल था जो टूट कर ठीक दो टुकड़े हो गया था। निश्चित ही भयानक ढंग से सख्त कोहरा पड़ रहा था। अगले दिन प्रातः नगरपति नगर-पार्षदों के साथ निचले चौराहे में से गुजर रहा था। जैसे ही वे स्तम्भ के पास से गुज़रे, उसने ऊपर बुत की तरफ देखा। “हे ईश्वर! प्रसन्नचित्त राजकुमार कितना भद्दा दिखाई दे रहा है!” उसने कहा।

PSEB 10th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 1 The Happy Prince

Page – 8

“सचमुच क्झि तना भद्दा!” नगर-पार्षद चिल्लाए, जो सदा नगरपति से सहमत रहते थे और वे इसे देखने के लिए ऊपर चढ़ गए।
“इसकी तलवार से माणिक गिर चुका है, इसकी आँखें नहीं रही हैं और अब यह सोने का भी नहीं रहा है,” मेयर ने कहा। “वास्तव में यह एक भिखारी से भी कोई बेहतर नहीं लग रहा है!”
“सचमुच एक भिखारी से बेहतर नहीं लगता,” नगर-पार्षदों ने कहा।

“और इधर देखो, उसके पैरों में सचमुच एक मरा हुआ पक्षी पड़ा है !” नगरपति ने कहना जारी रखा। “हमें सचमुच एक घोषणा-पत्र जारी करना चाहिए कि पक्षियों को यहां मरने की इजाजत नहीं है।” तथा नगर के लेखाकार ने इस सुझाव को नोट कर लिया।
इसलिए उन्होंने प्रसन्नचित्त राजकुमार के बुत को नीचे गिरा दिया। “क्योंकि अब वह सुन्दर नहीं रहा है, इसका कोई लाभ नहीं है,” विश्वविद्यालय के कलाप्राध्यापक ने कहा।

फिर उन्होंने बुत को भट्ठी में पिघलाया। “कितनी विचित्र बात है!” ढलाईघर में काम करने वालों के निरीक्षक ने कहा। “यह टूटा हुआ सीसे का दिल भट्ठी में नहीं पिघलेगा। हमें इसे फेंक देना चाहिए।” इसलिए उन्होंने इसे एक धूल के ढेर पर फेंक दिया जहाँ मृत अबाबील भी पड़ा हुआ था।

“नगर की दो सबसे कीमती वस्तुएँ मुझे लाकर दो,” ईश्वर ने अपने देवदूतों में से एक को कहा और देवदूत ने उसे सीसे का दिल और मरा हुआ पक्षी लाकर दिया।
“तुमने ठीक चुनाव किया है,” ईश्वर ने कहा, “क्योंकि मेरे स्वर्ग वाले बगीचे में यह नन्हा पक्षी भविष्य में सदा के लिए गाया करेगा और प्रसन्नचित्त राजकुमार मेरे सुनहरे नगर में मेरा गुणगान किया करेगा।”

PSEB 9th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings Important Questions and Answers.

PSEB 9th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings

Long Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Give important characteristics of solid state.
Answer:
Characteristics of solid state:

  1. The solids have definite mass, volume and shape.
  2. The particles in a solid state are closely packed and the empty spaces in them are negligible.
  3. The solids are rigid.
  4. A solid does not undergo a change in shape easily.
  5. The solids can have any number of free surfaces.
  6. There are large attractive forces between the molecules in a solid.
  7. Solids have high densities.
  8. A solid always tends to resist any change in its structure.
  9. The solids don’t show the property of diffusion.

PSEB 9th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings

Question 2.
Give important characteristics of the liquid state.
Answer:
Characteristics of the liquid state:

  1. A liquid has a definite mass and volume but no definite shape.
  2. A liquid can take the shape of a container.
  3. Liquids have only one free surface.
  4. The vacant spaces between the molecules of liquid are more as compared to solids.
  5. The attractive forces between the molecules in a liquid state are lesser than in the solids.
  6. The liquids have lower densities as compared to solids.
  7. The liquids show the property of diffusion.
  8. On heating a liquid, the molecules of it move apart, hence the liquids can expand on heating.

Question 3.
Give important characteristics of gas.
Answer:
Characteristics of a gas:

  1. A gas has definite mass but it has neither definite shape nor definite volume.
  2. The gases can occupy the whole space available to them.
  3. There are negligible attractive forces between the molecules of a gas.
  4. The gases have no free surface.
  5. There are large vacant spaces between the molecules of a gas.
  6. The gases show the property of diffusion.
  7. Gases have very low densities as compared to the solids and liquids.
  8. The molecules in a gas have high kinetic energies.
  9. There is no effect of gravity on the motion of the molecules of a gas.
  10. The gases exert equal pressure in all the directions on the walls of the container.
  11. The gases are highly compressible.

Question 4.
Give the main postulates of kinetic theory of matter.
Answer:
The main postulates of kinetic theory of matter are:

  1. All matter is made up of a large number of extremely small particles called molecules (sometimes atoms or ions).
  2. The molecules are always in a state of rapid random motion.
  3. The molecules possess kinetic energy.
  4. There are attractive forces between the molecules.
  5. The attractive forces between the molecules of same kind are called cohesive forces and the attractive forces between the molecules of different kinds are called adhesive forces.
  6. The kinetic energy of the molecules increases with the increase in temperature.
  7. As the distance between the molecules increases, the magnitude of attractive forces between the molecules decreases.

PSEB 9th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings

Question 5.
Distinguish between solids, liquids and gases.
Answer:
The main points of differences are:

Property Solid Liquid Gss
1. Packing of Particles Most closely packed Loosely packed Large vacant spaces between the particles
2. Energy Particles have least energy Particles have higher energies than in solids Particles have high energies
3. Shape Definite Take the shape of the container Take the shape of container
4. Volume Definite Definite No definite volume
5. Density High Low Very low
6. Compressibility Not possible easily More than in solids High
7. Number of free surfaces Any number One No
8. Rigidity High Low Not rigid
9. Fluidity Don’t show Show Maximum fluidity
10. Intermolecular spaces Very small Small Large
11. Thermal expansion Very low More than solids Very large
12. Interparticle attractive forces Very large More than in gases Negligible

Question 6.
How will you explain the three states of matter on the basis of Kinetic Model?
Answer:
Solid: In solids the constituent particles are closely packed and there are large attractive forces between them. Therefore, the particles have low kinetic energies and can’t move from one position to another but they have only vibratory motion. Hence solids have definite shapes and definite volumes.
Examples: Wood, rock, copper, iron, cement, stone etc.

Liquid: In liquids the molecules have higher kinetic energies, distances between the molecules are more and attractive forces between the molecules are small. Therefore, the molecules of a liquid can move from one position to another within the liquid. Hence the liquid can take the shape of the container. But the volume of the liquid remains fixed because the molecules can’t leave the liquid.
Examples: Alcohol, milk, benzene, kerosene oil, petrol etc.

Gas: In gases, the molecules have high kinetic energies, there are large vacant spaces between the molecules and there are negligible attractive forces between the molecules. Therefore, in gases, molecules can move randomly and occupy the whole space available to them. Hence, they don’t have definite volumes and shapes.
Examples: Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide etc.

PSEB 9th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings

Question 7.
Define the terms given below and answer the questions associated with them.
(a) Sublimation: Which of the following substances sublime?
Ice, mercury, dry ice, iodine.
(b) Solid: Why do not solids diffuse in one another?
(c) Liquid: Why do liquids flow?
(d) Freezing point: What is the freezing point of water?
(e) Gas: Why are gases compressible and show diffusion?
Answer:
(a) Sublimation. It is the process in which a solid directly changes into vapour on heating and on cooling the gas directly changes into solid.
Dry ice and iodine sublime.
(b) Solid. It is that state of matter which has definite mass, volume and shape, e.g. sugar, rubber, table, stone etc.
The solids don’t diffuse because in the solid state the vacant spaces between the molecules are very small and molecules of a solid can’t move from one position to another.
(c) Liquid. A liquid is that state of matter which has definite mass and volume but has no definite shape, e.g. milk, petrol, kerosene oil, water etc. Liquids flow because the attractive forces between the molecules of a liquid are very small and the molecules can freely move within the liquid.
(4) Freezing point. It is the temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid state by giving out heat energy. For example, freezing point of water is 0°C.
(e) Gas. It is defined as that state of matter which has definite mass only but has neither definite shape nor definite volume. For example, carbon dioxide, oxygen, hydrogen, ammonia etc.

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
What are the necessary conditions for a substance to be a
1. Solid
2. Liquid and
3. Gas?
Answer:
1. Solid: The melting point of a substance is above room temperature at the atmospheric pressure.
2. Liquid: The melting point of the substance is below room temperature and boiling point is above room temperature under atmospheric pressure.
3. Gas: The boiling point of the substance is below room temperature under atmospheric pressure.

Question 2.
What are the two new states of matter in addition to solid, liquid and gases states?
Answer:
These are:
1. Plasma: It is produced in stars at very high temperature.
2. Bose-Einstein condensate: It is formed by cooling a gas of extremely low density to super low temperature.

PSEB 9th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings

Question 3.
Heat, light, shadow, love, radio waves are not considered as matter, why?
Answer:
This is because these are massless and do not occupy space.

Question 4.
Solids have definite shapes and volumes, why?
Answer:
This is because:

  • The vacant spaces between the constituent particles are very small.
  • There are large attraction forces between the constituent particles.

Question 5.
List the factors which affect evaporation.
Answer:
These are:

  1. Exposed surface area
  2. Temperature
  3. Humidity in the air
  4. Wind speed.

Question 6.
Why is sponge solid although it can be compressed?
Answer:
This is because sponge has minute holes in which there is entraped air. When it is pressed, the air is expelled out.

Question 7.
Rubber band can change its shape, is it a solid?
Answer:
Rubber band is a solid because it changes its shape under force and return to its original state when the applied force is removed.

Question 8.
Indicate which of the following don’t constitute matter?
Car, truck, heat, light, sound, TV waves, radio waves, cement, love, hate, cotton cloth, rock.
Answer:
Heat, light, sound, TV waves, radio waves, love, hate.

PSEB 9th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings

Question 9.
What happens when the vacant spaces between the particles of a liquid decreases? How is this possible?
Answer:
The liquid will change into solid. This is carried out by decreasing the temperature or cooling the liquid.

Question 10.
Why do we observe water droplets on the outer surface of a glass containing ice cold water?
Answer:
This is because water vapour present in air, on coming in contact with glass containing ice-cold water lose energy and get converted into liquid state which appear as water droplets.

Question 11.
Why should we wear cotton clothes in summer?
Answer:
This is because in summer, we perspire more and cotton being a good absorber of water, absorbs the sweat and exposes it to the atmosphere for easy evaporation.

Question 12.
Name the change of state during the following changes:
(a) Drying of wet clothes.
(b) Melting of wax when kept in sunshine.
(c) Melting of ice.
(d) Formation of clouds.
(e) Naphthalene balls become smaller when kept in air.
Answer:
(a) Liquid to gaseous state.
(b) Solid to liquid state.
(c) Solid to liquid state.
(d) Liquid to gaseous state.
(e) Solid to gaseous state.

PSEB 9th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings

Question 13.
State your observations in the following cases:
(a) Ammonium chloride is heated in a hard glass test tube.
(b) Carbon dioxide is compressed to 70 times the atmospheric pressure.
Answer:
(a) When ammonium chloride is heated in a hard glass test tube, dense white fumes of ammonium chloride fill the tube and deposit to give a white powder near the mouth of the tube (cooler parts).
(b) When carbon dioxide is compressed to 70 atmospheric pressure, it changes into solid state.

Question 14.
What is the difference between gas and vapour?
Answer:

  • A gas is a substance which exists in the gaseous state even at room temperature. e.g. oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen etc.
  • A vapour is a substance which can exist in the gaseous state at a temperature lower than that of its boiling point, e.g. water vapour, iodine vapour etc.

Question 15.
Why does a gas fill the container completely?
Answer:
The molecules in a gas are far apart and are in a state of rapid random motion in all possible directions with very high speeds. They move throughout the container in which they are put. Thus, a gas fills the container completely.

Question 16.
How is the liquid state different from the gaseous state?
Answer:
The liquid state is different from the gaseous state in terms of magnitude of attractive forces between the molecules.

Question 17.
Complete the following statements:
(a) The process of liquid changing into solid is called
(b) The process of gas changing into liquid is called
(c) The process of liquid changing into gas is called
(d) The temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid is called
Answer:
(a) Solidification
(b) Condensation or Liquefaction.
(c) Evaporation
(d) Melting point.

PSEB 9th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings

Question 18.
What are the uses of interconversion of matter?
Answer:
The uses of interconversion of matter are:

  1. Water is converted into steam by heating. Steam is used to run turbines and to generate electricity.
  2. Metals are melted by heating and these molten metals can be converted into alloys and cast into machinery parts.
  3. Water can be changed into steam as well as ice. Therefore, in nature, ice (or snow), liquid water and water vapour are available.

Question 19.
Give the important properties on the basis of which the three states of matter can be distinguished.
Answer:
The three states of matter can be distinguished on the basis of shape, volume, compressibility, packing of molecules, number of free surfaces etc.

Question 20.
What is the importance of (a) melting point of solid and (b) boiling point of a liquid?
Answer:
(a) A pure solid has a sharp melting point. The impurities decrease the melting point of a solid. Therefore, melting point is used to check the purity of a solid compound.
(b) A pure liquid has a sharp boiling point. The impurities increase the boiling of liquid. Therefore, boiling point is used to check the purity of a liquid.

Question 21.
Give two differences between boiling and evaporation.
Answer:

Boiling Evaporation
1. It takes place at a fixed temperature called boiling point of the liquid. 1. It takes place at all temperatures.
2. It is a fast process. 2. It is a slow process.

PSEB 9th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings

Question 22.
Name five substances which are solids, five substances which are liquids and five substances which are gaseous at room temperature.
Answer:

  • Solids: Iron, copper, silver, glass and wood.
  • Liquids: Water, milk, mercury, kerosene oil and petrol.
  • Gases: Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium.

Question 23.
Represent interconversion of states by using a figure.
Answer:
PSEB 9th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings 1

Question 24.
State what is observed when iodine is heated in a test tube as shown below.
Answer:
PSEB 9th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings 2
When some crystals of iodine are heated slowly in a test tube, the shiny grey iodine changes directly into vapour without melting. The vapour deposit as grey particles called sublimate on the upper cooler parts of the tube.

PSEB 9th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings

Question 25.
Why do gases have neither a definite shape nor a definite volume?
Answer:
In gases
(a) there are large spaces between the molecules of a gas.
(b) the molecules have high kinetic energies and
(c) there are negligible attractive forces between the molecules of a gas.
Hence the molecules in a gas have random motion. Therefore, gases have neither a definite shape nor a definite volume.

Question 26.
Give an experiment to prove that gases are more compressible as compared to liquids.
Answer:
PSEB 9th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings 3

  1. Take a 100 ml syringe and close its nozzle by inserting it in a rubber cork or stopper. Remove the piston from the syringe so that whole of syringe is filled up with air.
  2. Apply a little vaseline to the piston and insert the piston. Compress piston and it moves downwards easily.
  3. Hence air is compressed to a very small volume.
  4. Now fill the syringe with water and repeat the above experiment. The piston moves hardly downwards, indicating that there is a negligible compression in volume.
  5. The above experiment indicates that gases are highly compressible as compared to liquids.

Question 27.
Which phenomenon occurs during the following changes:

  1. Size of naphthalene balls decreases
  2. Wax melts in the sun
  3. Drying of wet clothes
  4. Formation of clouds.

Answer:

  1. Sublimation
  2. Fusion
  3. Evaporation
  4. Condensation.

PSEB 9th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Why do things around our surroundings look different?
Answer:
This is due to different shapes, sizes and textures.

Question 2.
Define matter.
Answer:
Everything in this universe is made up of material which occupies space, has mass and can be judged by any one or more of the known five physical senses is called matter.

Question 3.
Give five examples of matter.
Answer:
Air, food, stove, water, plants.

Question 4.
What are Panch Tatva?
Answer:
Early Indian philosophers classified matter in the form of five basic elements called Panch Tatva.

Question 5.
Name the Panch Tatva?
Answer:
Air, earth, fire, sky and water.

Question 6.
How many basic elements were there according to ancient greek philosophers?
Answer:
Four.

Question 7.
What are the basic elements according to greek philosophers?
Answer:
Earth, fire, air and water.

PSEB 9th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings

Question 8.
How do modem day scientists classify matter?
Answer:
Based upon their physical properties and chemical nature.

Question 9.
How is matter produced?
Answer:
It is composed of particles.

Question 10.
Why does a large volume of waier get coloured due to a few crystals of potassium permanganate?
Answer:
This is because a single crystal of pota .sium permanganate is made up of millions of tiny particles.

Question 11.
How small are particles of matter?
Answer:
The particles of matter are very very small beyond our imagination.

Question 12.
What is in between particles of matter?
Answer:
There are vacant spaces between particles of matter.

Question 13.
Why do common salt, sugar and dettol dissolve in water?
Answer:
This is because there are large vacant spaces between the particles of matter.

Question 14.
Why does the smell of lighted incence stick spreads out to a large space?
Answer:
This is because particles of a matter are in motion.

PSEB 9th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings

Question 15.
Why does common salt dissolve in water?
Answer:
This is because particles of common salt get into the vacant spaces between particles of water.

Question 16.
How will you check purity of honey?
Answer:
If honey falls into water in a stright line, it is a pure honey.

Question 17.
What is the effect of temperature on the particles?
Answer:
Increase in kinetic energy of particles.

Question 18.
Why are particles of a matter always in motion?
Answer:
This is due to kinetic energy.

Question 19.
Define diffusion.
Answer:
It is the mixing up of particles of two or more substances.

Question 20.
What is the effect of temperature on diffusion?
Answer:
Diffusion becomes faster.

Question 21.
What is the effect of pressure on particles of a matter?
Answer:
Pressure keeps particles of matter together.

Question 22.
What are the different stages of matter based upon physical states?
Answer:
Solid, liquid and gas.

PSEB 9th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings

Question 23.
Give three characteristics of solids.
Answer:
The solids have definite masses, volumes and shapes.

Question 24.
What is the effect of applied force on solids?
Answer:
The solids retain their shapes on applying force but they break when a large force is applied on them but they don’t change their shapes.

Question 25.
Rubber band can change its shape when stretched? Is it a solid?
Answer:
It is solid because it changes its shape under force and returns to its original shape when applied force is removed. It breaks when a very large force is applied to it.

Question 26.
Sugar, common salt etc. take the shape of containers although these are solids?
Answer:
This is because the shapes of their crystals do not change.

Question 27.
Why does a rubber can be compressed?
Answer:
This is due to the presence of air in the holes present in it and on compression air is expelled out.

Question 28.
What is liquid?
Answer:
A liquid has a definite mass and volume but has no definite shape.

PSEB 9th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings

Question 29.
Due to which property aquatic animals survive in water?
Answer:
This is due to the presence of oxygen dissolved in water.

Question 30.
Name the gas which gets dissolved in water and is necessary for plants.
Answer:
Carbon dioxide.

Question 31.
Which form of matter can diffuse in liquids?
Answer:
Solids, liquids and gases.

Question 32.
Liquids show faster diffusion than solids. Why?
Answer:
This is because in liquids there are more vacant spaces and molecules can move freely.

Question 33.
Out of solids, liquids and gases which show maximum compressibility?
Answer:
Gases.

Question 34.
Which compressed gas is used in automobiles?
Answer:
Compressed natural gas (CNG).

Question 35.
Which gas is used as fuel in houses?
Answer:
Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG).

Question 36.
The smells of perfume and lighted incense stick spread rapidly, why?
Answer:
This is because there are large vacant spaces between the molecules and the molecules are in motion with very high speeds.

PSEB 9th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings

Question 37.
What are the different states of water?
Answer:
These are solid-ice, liquid-water and gas-water vapour.

Question 38.
Give characteristics of solids.
Answer:
The solids are generally hard. They cannot be compressed. They have definite shapes and definite volumes.

Question 39.
Give characteristics of liquids.
Answer:
They have definite volumes but have no definite shapes. They can be compressed slightly. They can flow.

Question 40.
Give characteristics of gases.
Answer:
The gases have neither definite shapes nor volumes. They are highly compressible.

Question 41.
Give four examples each of solids, liquids and gases.
Answer:
Solids: Wood, stove, sugar, common salt.
Liquids: Water, milk, oil, alcohol.
Gases: Oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide.

Question 42.
What is the full form of CNG?
Answer:
Compressed Natural Gas.

Question 43.
Why do solids have definite shapes?
Answer:
This is because vacant spaces between molecules of a solid are very small and there are large attractive forces between them.

Question 44.
Why does a tyre can be inflated with large volume of air?
Answer:
This is because gases can bear high pressure.

Question 45.
Why don’t gases have definite shapes and volumes?
Answer:
This is because there are large vacant spaces between the molecules of a gas and these are in motion.

Question 46.
How many states of water are there?
Answer:
Three.

PSEB 9th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings

Question 47.
The temperature at which a solid melts is called?
Answer:
Melting point.

Question 48.
What is the SI unit of temperature?
Answer:
Kelvin.

Question 49.
0°C = ………. K.
Answer:
0°C = 273.16 K.

Question 50.
How is kelvin temperature changed to centigrade temperature?
Answer:
By substracting 273 from it.

Question 51.
How is centigrade temperature changed in kelvin temperature?
Answer:
By adding 273 to it.

Question 52.
Define fusion.
Answer:
The process of conversion of solid into liquid is called fusion.

Question 53.
What is the boiling point of water?
Answer:
373 K (100°C).

PSEB 9th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings

Question 54.
Define sublimation.
Answer:
It is the process of direct conversion of solid into gaseous state and back without changing into liquid state.

Question 55.
What is dry ice?
Answer:
Solid carbon dioxide.

Question 56.
What is the unit of pressure?
Answer:
Atmosphere (atm).

Question 57.
What is the SI unit of pressure?
Answer:
Pascal (Pa).

Question 58.
What is normal atmospheric pressure?
Answer:
The atmospheric pressure at sea level is called normal atmospheric pressure. It is taken as 1 atmosphere.

Question 59.
How does a liquid change into vapour without boiling?
Answer:
Due to evaporation.

Question 60.
Give one example of evaporation.
Answer:
Drying of wet clothes in sunlight.

Question 61.
Name the process of conversion of liquid into gaseous state without boiling.
Answer:
Evaporation.

Question 62.
Name the factors which increase rate of evaporation?
Answer:
These are increase in surface area, increase in temperature, decrease in humidity.

Question 63.
Why rate of evaporation increases with the increase in temperature.
Answer:
This is because kinetic energy of particles increases.

PSEB 9th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings

Question 64.
Why do clothes dry faster with the increase in speed of wind?
Answer:
This is because water vapour evaporates along with air and amount of water vapour decrease near the surface of clothes.

Question 65.
What is humidity?
Answer:
The amount of moisture present in the air is called humidity.

Question 66.
How is vaporisation related to humidity?
Answer:
With the increase in humidity in air, rate of evaporation decreases.

Question 67.
Why are clothes spread out for drying?
Answer:
This increases surface area and hence rate of evaporation increases.

Question 68.
How is cooling related to evaporation?
Answer:
With the increase in evaporation, cooling increases.

Question 69.
Why should we wear cotton clothes in summer?
Answer:
This is because in summer we perspire more and cotton being a good absorber of water, absorbs the sweat and exposes it to the atmosphere for evaporation which causes cooling.

Question 70.
How are particles present in plasma?
Answer:
In plasma, the particles have high energy and are excited. These particles are present in the form of ionised gas.

Question 71.
Wha is present in florescent tube and neon bulb?
Answer:
Plasma.

Question 72.
Why do sun and stars glow?
Answer:
Due to plasma.

Question 73.
Why is plasma produced in stars?
Answer:
Due to high temperature.

PSEB 9th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings

Question 74.
How is BEC produced?
Answer:
It is formed by cooling a gas of extremely low density to super low temperature.

Question 75.
Who were awarded Noble Prize for Bose-Einstein Condensate state?
Answer:
Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketreley and Carl E. Wieman.

Question 76.
Which website is used to get information regarding fourth and fifth state of matter?
Answer:
www.chem4kids.com.

Question 77.
The phenomenon occuring during drying of wet clothes is
Answer:
Evaporation.

Question 78.
The intennolecular spaces are …………. in solids.
Answer:
Large or maximum.

Question 79.
A vapour on cooling changes into …………. and on further cooling changes into ………… .
Answer:
liquid, solid.

PSEB 9th Class Science Important Questions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings

Question 80.
Matter changes from one state to another either by raising the or lowering the …………. .
Answer:
temperature, temperature.

Question 81.
A change in which a solid, on heating, directly changes into …………. state and the …………. on cooling again changes into ………… state is called …………… .
Answer:
gaseous, gas, solid, sublimation.

Question 82.
The intermolecular spaces are in …………… solids and ……………. in gaseous.
Answer:
minimum, maximum.

PSEB 9th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings

PSEB 9th Class Science Guide Matter in Our Surroundings Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Convert the following temperature to the Celsius scale:
(a) 293 K
(b) 470 K.
Answer:
(a) 293 K = 293 – 273 = 20°C
(b) 470 K = 470 – 273 = 197°C

PSEB 9th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings

Question 2.
Convert the following temperatures to the Kelvin scale:
(a) 25°C
(b) 373°C.
Answer:
(a) 25°C – 25 + 273 = 298 K
(b) 373°C = 373 + 273 = 646 K

Question 3.
Give reason for the following observations:
(a) Naphthalene balls disappear with time without leaving any solid.
(b) We can get the smell of perfume sitting several metres away.
Answer:
(a) This is because naphthalene sublimes i.e. it directly changes into vapour without melting.
(b) This is because the molecules of perfume are moving with very high velocities (i.e. diffusion) in all the directions.

Question 4.
Arrange the following substances in increasing order of forces of attraction between the particles-water, sugar, oxygen.
Answer:
The increasing order of intermolecular forces of attraction is Oxygen < Water < Sugar.

Question 5.
What is the physical state of water at:
(a) 25°C
(b) 0°C
(c) 100°C?
Answer:
(a) At 25° C, water is liquid.
(b) At 0° C, water is solid (Ice).
(c) At 100° C, water is gas (Steam).

PSEB 9th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings

Question 6.
Give two reasons to justify that:
(a) Water at room temperature is a liquid.
(b) An iron almirah is a solid at room temperature.
Answer:
(a) At room temperature water is liquid because the attractive forces between the molecules of water are small and can move from one point to another.
(b) An iron almirah is solid because the molecules are held together by strong intermolecular attractive forces and the molecules or particles are very close to each other.

Question 7.
Why is ice at 273 K more effective in cooling than water at the same temperature ?
Answer:
Ice at 273 K is more effective in cooling than water at 273 K, this is because in ice, the molecules have lower energy as compared to the particles in the liquid water at the same temperature (273 K) and require latent heat of fusion for melting.

Question 8.
What produces more severe bums: boiling water or steam?
Answer:
Steam produces severe burns as compared to boiling water. This is because in steam the molecules have higher kinetic energy than in boiling water.

Question 9.
Name A, B, C, D, E and F in the following diagram showing state change-
PSEB 9th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings 1
Answer:
A – Fusion
B – Vaporisation
C – Condensation
D – Solidification
E – Sublimation
F – Sublimation

Science Guide for Class 9 PSEB Matter in Our Surroundings InText Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Which of the following are matter?
Chair, air, love, smell, hate, almonds, thought, cold, cold drink, smell of perfume.
Answer:
Chair, air, almonds, cold drink, smell of perfume.

PSEB 9th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings

Question 2.
Give reasons for the following observations:
The smell of hot sizzling food reaches you several metres away, but to get the smell from cold food you have to go close.
Answer:
The smell of hot sizzling food reaches us several metres away, but to get the smell from cold food we have to go close. This is because the rate of diffusion of a gas increases with the increase in temperature. In hot food, the rate of diffusion is large but in cold food, the rate of diffusion is slow.

Question 3.
A diver is able to cut through water in a swimming pool, which property of matter does this observation show?
Answer:
The diver is able to cut through water in a swimming pool because in water the attractive forces between the molecules are small.

Question 4.
What are the characteristics of the particles of matter?
Answer:
The characteristics of the particles of matter are:

  1. The particles of matter have vacant spaces between them.
  2. The particles of matter are always in motion.
  3. There are attractive forces between the particles of matter.

Question 5.
The mass per unit volume of a substance is called density, (density = mass/volume). Arrange the following in order of increasing density – air, exhaust from chimneys, honey, water, chalk, cotton and iron.
Answer:
The increasing order of density is
Exhaust from chimneys < air < cotton < chalk < honey < iron.

Question 6.
(a) Tabulate the differences in the characteristics of states of matter.
(b) Comment upon the following:
rigidity, compressibility, fluidity, filling a gas container, shape, kinetic energy and density.
Answer:
(a) Differences in the characteristics of states of matter:

Characteristics Solid Liquid Gas
1. Vacant spaces Very small Small Very large
2. Attractive forces between particles Very large Small Negligible
3. Compressibility Negligible Low High
4. Rigidity High Low Not rigid
5. Density High Low Very Low
6. Energy Small Large as compared to solid Very high

(b) Rigidity: It is the property by virtue of which a substance can retain its shape when a force is applied to it. Solids possess the property of rigidity.

  1. Compressibility: The property by virtue of which the volume of a substance can be decreased by applying force or pressure on it. Gases have high compressibility because of large vacant spaces between the molecules of a gas.
  2. Fluidity: It is the property by virtue of which the molecules of one substance can flow from one point to another. Liquids and gases possess fluidity.
  3. Filling a gas container: A gas fills the container because there are negligible attractive forces between the molecules of a gas and the molecules of a gas move with very high velocities in all possible directions.
  4. Shape: It is the definite geometrical arrangement of constituent particles of a substance. Solids have definite shapes.
  5. Kinetic energy: It is the energy possessed by a particle due to its motion.
  6. Density: Density of a substance is the mass per unit volume. Its units are g/cc or kg/m3.

PSEB 9th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings

Question 7.
Give reasons:
(a) A gas fills completely the vessel in which if is kept.
(b) A gas exerts pressure on the walls of the container.
(c) A wooden table should be called a solid.
(d) We can easily move our hand in air but to do the same in solid block of wood we need a Karate expert.
Answer:
(a) This is because in a gas the attractive forces between the molecules are negligible and molecules of a gas move with very high speeds in all possible directions.
(b) This is due to the hits or bombardments of the molecules of a gas against the walls of a container.
(c) This is because it has a definite mass, volume and shape.
(d) This is because in air, the attractive forces between the particles are negligible but in a solid block of wood, there are large attractive forces between the constituent particles.

Question 8.
Liquids generally have lower density as compared to solids. But you must have observed that ice floats on water. Find out why.
Answer:
Ice floats over water because ice has lower density than liquid water. This is because in ice for a given mass volume is more as compared to in liquid water.

Question 9.
Convert the following temperature to Celsius scale:
(a) 300 K
(b) 573 K?
Answer:
(a) 300 K = 300 – 273 = 27°C.
(b) 573 K = 573 – 273 = 300°C.

Question 10.
What is the physical state of water at:
(a) 250°C
(b) 100°C?
Answer:
(a) Gas
(b) Gas

PSEB 9th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings

Question 11.
For any substance, why does the temperature remain constant during the change of state?
Answer:
This is because the heat supplied is used to overcome the attractive forces between the particles i.e., there is change in potential energy.

Question 12.
Suggest a method to liquefy atmospheric gases.
Answer:
The atmospheric gases can be liquefied by cooling under pressure.

Question 13.
Why does a desert cooler cool better on a hot dry day?
Answer:
On a hot dry day due to increase in temperature and lesser humidity the evaporation of water will be faster.

Question 14.
How does the water kept in an earthen pot (matka) become cool during summer?
Answer:
This is because the water comes out from the pores of earthen pot (matka) and it evaporates. Due to evaporation it causes cooling.

Question 15.
Why does our palm feel cold when we put some acetone or petrol or perfume on it?
Answer:
This is because the particles of acetone or petrol or perfume gain energy from our palms and surroundings and evaporate causing cooling.

Question 16.
Why are we able to sip hot tea or milk faster from a saucer rather than a cup?
Answer:
Because a saucer provides more surface area than a cup for evaporation of liquid into vapour and it causes a more cooling effect.

PSEB 9th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surroundings

Question 17.
What type of clothes should we wear in summer?
Answer:
White cotton clothes.

PSEB 8th Class Home Science Practical अण्डा पकाना

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Home Science Book Solutions Practical अण्डा पकाना Notes.

PSEB 8th Class Home Science Practical अण्डा पकाना

ऑमलेट

सामग्री-

  1. अण्डे — 4
  2. प्याज — 2 छोटे
  3. टमाटर — \(\frac{1}{2}\)छोटा
  4. हरी मिर्च — 1 – 2
  5. नमक और काली मिर्च — स्वाद के अनुसार
  6. घी — तलने के लिए

विधि—अण्डे का पीला और सफ़ेद भाग अलग-अलग कर लें। सफेद भाग को अच्छी तरह फेंट लें। अब इसमें पीला भाग अच्छी तरह मिला लें और नमक व काली मिर्च भी डाल लें। फ्राइंग पैन (Frying pan) गरम करके थोड़ा-सा घी डालकर अण्डे के आधे घोल को फैला दें। इसके ऊपर बारीक कटा हुआ प्याज, टमाटर और हरी मिर्च फैलाकर सिक जाने पर ऑमलेट को मोड़ दें। इसी प्रकार आधे बचे घोल का भी ऑमलेट बना लें।
कुल मात्रा—दो ऑमलेट

PSEB 8th Class Home Science Practical अण्डा पकाना

फ्राइड अण्डा

सामग्री—

  1. अण्डे — 2
  2. घी — तलने के लिए
  3. नमक तथा काली मिर्च — स्वाद के अनुसार

विधि-फ्राइंग पैन (Frying Pan) गरम करके उसमें थोड़ा-सा घी डाल दें। अण्डे को फ्राइंग पैन में ऐसे तोड़ें ताकि पीला और सफ़ेद भाग मिले नहीं। अब फ्राइंग पैन को ढककर मन्द आँच पर रखें। दो मिनट में अण्डा अपनी ही भाप में पक जाता है। परोसते समय सिकी हुई डबलरोटी पर मक्खन लगाकर ऊपर से फ्राइड अण्डा रख दें और नमक, काली मिर्च छिड़क दें।
कुल मात्रा-दो।

पोचड् अण्डा

सामग्री-

  1. अण्डे — 2
  2. पानी — 2 गिलास के लगभग
  3. नमक, काली मिर्च — स्वाद के अनुसार
  4. सिरका — 2 छोटी चम्मच

विधि—फ्राइंग पैन (Frying Pan) में पानी गरम कर लें। इसमें सिरका और थोड़ासा नमक डालकर उबाल आने दें। अब इसमें अण्डा ऐसे तोड़ें कि सफ़ेद और पीला भाग मिले नहीं। दो-तीन मिनट में पक जाने पर निकालकर काली मिर्च छिड़क कर टोस्ट या तले हुए आलू के टुकड़ों के साथ परोसें।
कुल मात्रा—दो।

PSEB 8th Class Home Science Practical अण्डा पकाना

सक्रैम्बल्ड अण्डा

सामग्री-

  1. अण्डे — 4
  2. दूध — 2 बड़े चम्मच
  3. मक्खन — 2 छोटे चम्मच
  4. नमक, काली मिर्च — स्वाद के अनुसार।

विधि—अण्डों को तोड़कर फेंट लें। इसमें बाकी सब चीजें मिला लें। पतीले में यह घोल डालकर धीमी आँच पर बराबर हिलाते हुए पकाएँ। एक-दो मिनट में पक जाने पर निकाल लें। ध्यान रखें कि वह बहुत ज्यादा सख्त न हो।
कुल मात्रा—दो कटोरी।

ऐग ऑन बडूज नेस्ट

सामग्री—

  1. अण्डे — 2 स्लाइस
  2. डबलरोटी — 5
  3. प्रोसेस्ड पनीर — 25 ग्राम
  4. मक्खन — 10 ग्राम
  5. काली मिर्च (पिसी) — थोड़ी-सी
  6. नमक — स्वादानुसार

विधि—डबल रोटी के स्लाइसों पर मक्खन लगा लें। पनीर को कद्दूकस कर लें तथा उसका आधा भाग डबलरोटी के टुकड़ों पर डाल दें। एक ट्रे में थोड़ा घी लगाकर डबलरोटी को उसमें रख दें। अब अण्डों को तोड़कर उनकी ज़र्दी व सफ़ेदी को अलग-अलग कर लें। (ध्यान रहे कि जर्दी टूटे नहीं) अण्डे की सफेदी को ‘ऐग बीटर’ (Egg Beater) की सहायता से अच्छी तरह फेंट लें ताकि सख्त-सी हो जाए। अब इस सफेदी को डबलरोटी के स्लाइसों पर चारों तरफ़ डाल दें तथा दोनों के बीच में अण्डे की जर्दी को तोड़ दें। ऊपर से कद्दूकस किया हुआ पनीर ओवन में भूरे रंग का होने तक सेंकें। अब इन पर नमक व काली मिर्च बुरक कर परोसें।
कुल मात्रा—दो व्यक्तियों के लिए।

PSEB 8th Class Home Science Practical अण्डा पकाना

पौष्टिक पराँठे

सामग्री—

  1. आटा — \(\frac{1}{2}\)कटोरी
  2. पालक — 100 ग्राम
  3. मूंगफली — 50 ग्राम
  4. हरा धनिया — थोड़ा-सा
  5. बेसन — \(\frac{1}{2}\)कटोरी
  6. हरी मिर्च — 2-3
  7. अदरक — 1 छोटा टुकड़ा
  8. नमक — स्वादानुसार
  9. घी — तलने के लिए

विधि—मूली कद्दूकस कर लें। मूली के नरम पत्तों और पालक के पत्तों को धोकर बारीक काट लें। हरी मिर्च, हरा धनिया और अदरक को भी काट लें। मूंगफली के दानों को मोटा-मोटा सा कूट लें। आटा और बेसन को छननी में छान लें और शेष सारी चीजें मिलाकर आटा गूंथ लें। इसके पराँठे बनाकर दही के साथ परोसें।

PSEB 8th Class Home Science Practical अण्डा पकाना

भरवां पराँठा

सामग्री-

  1. गेहूँ का आटा —150 ग्राम
  2. जल — आवश्यकतानुसार
  3. नमक — थोड़ा-सा
  4. आलू — 50 ग्राम
  5. चने की दाल — 30 ग्राम
  6. हरी मिर्च — 1-2 2
  7. घी — 2 छोटी चम्मच
  8. गर्म मसाला — \(\frac{1}{4}\) चाय का चम्मच
  9. पिसी हुई लाल मिर्च — आवश्यकतानुसार
  10. घी या तेल — सेंकने के लिए

विधि—आटे में नमक डालकर गूंथ लें और \(\frac{1}{2}\) घण्टे के लिए रख दें। आलू तथा चने की दाल उबालें और आलू को छीलकर मथ लें। दाल को भी इसी में मिला लें। हरी मिर्च धोकर बारीक काटें और इसे दाल व आलू में मिला दें। एक चम्मच घी गर्म करके दाल व आलू का मिक्सचर तथा मसाले डालकर पाँच मिनट के लिए भून लें। इस प्रकार स्टफिंग तैयार हो जाएगी। आटे को भली प्रकार गूंथ कर उसमें चार गोलियाँ बना लें। हर एक गोली को थोड़ा-सा बेल लें फिर इसमें एक बड़ा चम्मच स्टफिंग भरकर फिर से गोली बना लें। अब इस पराँठे को पूरा बेल लें। पराँठे को तवे पर घी लगाकर सेंक लें।

नोट—स्टफिंग, मौसम के अनुसार सब्जियाँ; जैसे-मूली और फूलगोभी की भी बनाई जा सकती है।
मूंगफली की स्टफिंग भी बनाई जा सकती है।
कुल मात्रा—4 पराँठे।

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