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Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class English Book Solutions Poem 3 We Who Love Books Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 8th English Solutions Poem Chapter 3 We Who Love Books Question Answers

We Who Love Books Class 8 Questions and Answers

Learning New Words

Activity 1.

Look up the following words in a dictionary. You should seek the following information about the words and put them in your WORDS notebook.

1. Meaning of the word as used in the poem (adjective/noun/verb. etc.)
2. Pronunciation (The teacher may refer to the dictionary or a mobile phone for correct pronunciation.)
3. Spellings. familiar timeless.

familiar	timeless	refrain
verse	companions	nourish

Activity 2.

Pick up the rhyming words from the poem and make a list.
Answer:
(a) away — stay
(b) down — gone
(c) again — refrain
(d) me — be/free

Activity 3.

Match the words with their correct synonyms.

S.No.	Word	Synonym
1.	moment	nutrition
2.	modern	high
3.	clever	time
4.	upset	intelligent
5.	nourishment	new
6.	wealthy	lift
7.	garbage	big
8.	infant	story
9.	tall	old
10.	large	unhappy
11.	companion	bowl
12.	secure	friend
13.	thief	known
14.	dish	trash
15.	ancient	burglar
16.	timeless	rich
17.	familiar	safe
18.	raise	permanent
19.	tale	baby
20.	joy	happiness

Answer:
1. moment – time
2. modren – new
3. clever – intelligent
4. upset – unhappy
5. nourishment – nutrition
6. wealthy – rich
7. garbage – trash
8. infant – baby
9. tall – high
10. large – big
11. companion – friend
12. secure – safe
13. thief – burglar
14. dish – bowl
15. ancient – old
16. timeless – permanent
17. familiar – known
18. raise – lift
19. tale – story
20. joy – happiness.

Learning to Read and Comprehend

Activity 4.

Read the following stanzas and answer the questions.

A. Some books I’ll never give away.
Though old and worn, their binding torn,
Upon my shelves they’ll always stay,
Alive, still read, still fresh each dawn,
Their magic moments never gone.

(a) Name the poem and the poet.
Answer:
The name of the poem is ‘We Who Love Books and that of the poet is Ruskin Bond.

(b) The poet doesn’t want to part with some books. Where does he keep them?
Answer:
The poet keeps them on his shelves.

(c) What is the condition of the books ?
Answer:
They are old and worn. Their binding is torn.

B. Familiar friends, these timeless tales
Have been with me since I was ten,
And as I turn their pages once again
I feel and love their old refrain.

(a) The poet calls his books ‘familiar friends”. Why does he call them ‘familiar’ ?
Answer:
The poet calls his books ‘familiar friends’ because they have been his friends since he was ten.

(b) What do you understand by the phrase ‘timeless tales’ ?
Answer:
‘Timeless tales’ means untouched by time. They are as fresh today as they  were years ago.

(c) How does the poet feel when he touches and feels the pages of his books ?
Answer:
The poet’s love for their old refrains.

C. Great verse, great thoughts, still stand the test
Of time that’s passing by so fast.
These good companions never fail
To give me joy, to nourish me.
We who love books will always be
The lucky ones’ our minds set free.

(a) According to the poet, what still stand the test of time ?
Answer:
According to the poet great verse and great thoughts still stand the test of time.

(b) What do you think the poet will always get from his good companions ?
Answer:
The poet will always get joy and nourishment from his good friends.

(c) Who according to the poet will always be the lucky ones ?
Answer:
According to the poet, those who love books will always be lucky ones.

Activity 5.
Books have been described using many names and adjectives. In the given table, list all the names and adjectives used by the poet to describe books.
Answer:

Nouns used for books	Adjectives used for describing books
binding	some
friends	old
tales	worn
refrains	torn
verse	fresh, alive, familiar
companions	timeless, great, good

Learning Language

Tenses Tense is the form of a verb used to show the time of an action or a state. The three main tenses are :

• the Present tense
• the Past tense
• the Future tense

Look at the following sentences :

1. I go to school everyday.
2. I went to school yesterday.
3. I shall go to school tomorrow.

• In sentence 1, the verb ‘go’ refers to the present time and is therefore said to be in the present tense.
• In sentence 2, the verb ‘went’ refers to an action that happened in the past time and is therefore said to be in the past tense.
• In sentence 3, the word ‘shall go’ refers to the future time and is therefore said to be in the future tense.

1. Present Tense
Read the following sentences.

• I help my mother every day.
• I am helping my mother.
• I have helped my mother.
• I have been helping my mother since morning.

All the four sentences above refer to the present time and therefore are all in the Present Tense. But there is a distinction in the ways in which the action is taking place.

In Sentence 1, the action is mentioned simply. There is no reference to the completeness or incompleteness of the action. The verb ‘help’ is therefore said to be in the Simple Present Tense or the Present Indefinite Tense.

In Sentence 2, the action mentioned is incomplete. It is still going on. The verb ‘am helping’ is said to be in the Present Continuous Tense.

In Sentence 3, the action is mentioned as finished, complete or perfect. The verb ‘have helped’ is said to be in the Present Perfect Tense.

In Sentence 4, the action is mentioned as having been going on continuously but not completed at the present moment.

The verb ‘have been helping’ is said to be in the Present Perfect Continuous tense. So, the present tense has four forms :

• Simple Present, or Present Indefinite
• Present Continuous or Present Progressive
• Present Perfect
• Present Perfect Continuous

2. Past Tense
Just as the present tense has four forms, the past tense also has the following four forms :

1. I helped my mother yesterday. (Simple Past or Past Indefinite)
2. I was helping my mother. (Past Continuous or Past Progressive)
3. I had helped my mother. (Past Perfect)
4. I had been helping my mother. (Past Perfect Continuous)

3. Future Tense
Similarly, the future tense has the following four forms :

1. I shall call. (Simple Future or Future Indefinite)
2. I shall be calling. (Future Continuous or Future Progressive)
3. I shall have called. (Future Perfect)
4. I shall have been calling. (Future Perfect Continuous)

Look at the following chart for understanding forms of Tenses :

Continuous Present Indefinite (Simple Present)

1. to express what is actually taking place now, for example :

• Here comes the bride.
• There goes the bus.

2. to express a habitual action, for example :

• He gets up early in the morning.
• He takes exercise everyday.
• I go to school by bus.

3. to express some universal truth, for example :

• The earth moves round the sun.
• The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
• The soul is immortal.

4. to express a situation or a fact that is permanent, for example :

• My house faces the east.
• This road runs from Ludhiana to Delhi.

5. to express a future action, when the futurity is indicated by them, for example :

• The college reopens next week.
• We leave by the 8.30 a.m. train.

Look at the tables below to understand how the present tense works.

Answer:

When we talk about singular subjects, we add-s/es to the verb. For example ‘he’, ‘she’ ‘iť and other singular subjects such as ‘this toy’, ‘the table etc.

Answer:

More examples :
(a) He drives to work.
(b) She works in an office.
(c) The bank opens at 9:00 a.m.
We do not use ‘be’ verb with the main verb in the simple present tense.
For example :
He works at a bank. (Correct)
He is work at a bank. (Incorrect)

Activity 6.

Underline the correct form of the verb to complete each sentence.
1. Priya love/loves her work.
2. He study/studies agriculture.
3. A salesperson sell/sells products for a company.
4. Sunita work/works in a bank.
5. Nurses help/helps people.
6. We write/writes English books.
7. Your office close/closes at 5:00 p.m.
8. She teach/teaches in a school.
9. I walk/walks to work everyday.
10. I start/starts work at 8:00 a.m. every morning.
Answer:
1. loves
2. studies
3. sells
4. works
5. help
6. write
7. closes
8. teaches
9. walk
10. start.

Present Continuous

It is used to express an action going on at the time of speaking. It is often associated with adverbs and adverb phrases, of present time, such as ‘now’, ‘at present, ‘at this moment’, etc.
For example :

• What are you doing now?
• Mohan is singing a song now.

This tense is sometimes used to mark an action that will happen in the future. For example :

• We are leaving for London tomorrow.
• She’s coming to meet me next week.

Activity 7.

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb, Present Continuous or Present Simple.

1. I ……………… (not/belong) to Delhi.
2. Hurry! The bus …………….. (come).
3. Seema is a vegetarian. She ……………. (not/eat) meat
4. I ……………. (look) for a maid.
5. Jayati ……………. (eat) oranges.
6. At the moment, we ……………. (make) a video of the party.
7. I ……………… (know) what Mr Sharma wants to buy.
8. I …………….. (apply) for a job in a school but I don’t know if I will be successful.
9. Vanita ……………. (do) some research in the library.
10. She always ……………… (remember) my birthday.
11. Mr Brown …………… (work) in a supermarket.
12. Look! It ……………. (snow).
13. Do you …………… (know) Helen?
14. Look! That woman ……………. (try) to steal that man’s wallet.
15. The Ganges ……………. (flow) into the Bay of Bengal.
Answer:
1. do not belong
2. is coming
3. does not eat
4. am looking
5. eats
6. are making
7. know
8. am applying
9. is doing
10. remembers
11. works
12. is snowing
13. know
14. is trying
15. flows.

Present Perfect

This tense is used :

1. to express an action that has just been completed, for example :

• The sun has set.
• We have just arrived.

2. to express a past action the results of which still continue, for example:

• I have lived in Mumbai for ten years. (the speaker is still living in Mumbai)
• We have known each other for the past two years.

3. to express a Future Perfect when such words as ‘when’, ‘before’, ‘as soon as’, ’till, ‘after are used before it, for example :

• I shall go there after I have done my work. (as soon as I finish my work)

Present Perfect Continuous

It shows the action that began in the past and is continuing up to the present time, for example :

• I have been standing here for two hours.
• It has been raining since morning.

Note : In the Present Perfect Continuous tense, ‘since’ and ‘for are used to indicate point of time and period of time respectively, for example :

• We have been living here since 1955.
• Meena has been dancing since morning.
• The girls have been playing for three hours.
• It has been snowing for two hours.

Activity 8.

Fill in the blanks with the Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous forms of the verbs given in the brackets.

(a) Someone …………… the window. (break).
(b) Reeta …………….. her pen. (lose)
(c) We ……………. many medals. (win)
(d) I …………… for a house for two months. (search)
(e) The train ………….. just …………… at the platform. (arrive)
(f) ……………. he …………….. a beard ? (grow)
(g) …………….. you …………….. the Gita ? (read)
(h) I …………….. my uncle for months. (not visit)
(i) She …………….. to Paris twice. (be)
(j) We ……………. already …………. Our breakfast. (have)
Answer:
(a) has broken
(b) has lost
(c) have won
(d) have been searching
(e) has arrived
(f) Has, grown
(g) Have, read
(h) have not visited
(i) has been
(j) have, had.

Learning to Listen (Pairwork)

Activity 9.

Your teacher will tell you a story. Listen to it carefully and fill in the blanks with the words from the story. For the last paragraph, you will write all the words. The teacher will read the passage twice and the last part of the story will be read three times. Once upon a time, there was a shepherd who bought a …………. of sheep. He also had ……… who helped him to …………… his sheep. When the sheep grew up a little, the ………4…. realised that these sheep just …………….. not stop bleating. All day long, the sheep bleated-”Baaah baaah.” What a deafening sound they made; and they just ignored the ……………. commands. He used all the ……………. he could to get the sheep to listen to him and to his dog, but the …………….. didn’t care. Finally, seeing as the sheep wouldn’t stop …………….. the shepherd decided to at least have some ……10……. with it. He bought an enormous ear and transported it out to his fields on the ……..11….. of his wagon.
Answer:
1. flock
2. dog
3. control
4. shepherd
5. would
6. shepherd’s
7. means
8. sheep
9. bleating
10. fun
11. back

Learning to Speak (Pairwork)

Activity 10.

Take a currency note of any value. Describe the currency note to your partner. You must talk about various things that are there on the note and their colour, size, number, location
(where on the note) etc.
Answer:
Your partner will write/draw all the items that you describe on the currency note. You will take turns in describing. The teacher will look at the notes made by your partner to check whether the description matches with the drawing/writing.

Currency Note : ₹500

• Issued By : Reserve Bank of India
• Guaranteed by : The Central Government
• Colour : Stone grey
• Number : 3 NC 7…… 7
• Size : 63 mm x 150 mm
• Shape : Rectangular

Special feature (Design Elements)

• Picture of Mahatma Gandhi
• Picture of Red Fort (Historical Building)
• Picture of National Emblem
• Symbol of Swachh Bharat

Learning to write (Pairwork)

Activity 11.

Look at the picture below. The pictures are in a sequence. Work together and write a short story based on the pictures.

It was winter. The days were snowy. There was a thick sheet of snow on the earth. Trees was bare. Birds got no shelter, no food. Little Minni and her father came to their help. They took some cardboard and gum. They made a small hut for the birds. They put some food grains in it also. Now the little birds were happy.

Learning to Use the Language (Pairwork)

Read the following poster very carefully.

Activity 12.

Write the dialogue using the hints given in the poster on page

Partner 1 : Engage in a dialogue with your friend to invite him/her over to your home for dinner.
Partner 2 : Decline the invitation after asking questions about the day, time, occasion, etc.
Partner 1 : Hi Ramesh ! You are back to India. I am going to arrange a dinner party tonight. Would you like to come over for that ?
Partner 2 : What is the time? Where are you going to arrange it ? Is this some special occasion ?
Partner 1 : Tonight at 9 p.m. at hotel Sun. Forgot ! It is my birthday today.
Partner 2 : I’d love to come. But I’m afraid I am busy tonight.

Comprehension Of Stanzas

Read the following stanza (extract) and answer the questions given below each :

1. Some books I’ll never give away,
Though old and worn, their binding torn,
Upon my shelves they’ll always stay,
Alive, still read, still fresh each dawn,
Their magic moments never gone.

1. What shows the poet’s love for books ?
क्या बात पुस्तकों के प्रति कवि के प्रेम को व्यक्त करती है ?

2. What do the words ‘Their magic moments’ suggest ?
“Their Magic Moments” शब्द क्या सुझाव देते है?

3. Write in three or four sentences, the central idea of the poem.
तीन या चार पंक्तियों में कविता का केंद्रीय भाव लिखें।
Answer:
1. Some of the poet’s books are old and torn. Still he enjoys reading them everyday.
He keeps them on his shelves.
2. “Their magic moments’ means time for the poet to read his books. He reads them every morning.
3. Read C- ‘Central Idea of the poem.

नोट : अन्य Comprehension Stanzas के लिए Textual Exercises में दिए गए Comprehension का अध्ययन करें।

Word Meanings

We Who Love Books Poem Summary in English

We Who Love Books Summary in English

Books have timeless value. They never become old. They are as fresh today as they were long ago. They are a big source of joy and information. The poet has great love for books. He loves reading books since he was ten. He keeps them on his shelves. Though the binding of some books is torn yet he never parts with them. He still reads them with the same interest. He calls them familiar and good friends.The poet says that great thoughts and great verse never lose their charm. They always stand the test of time. Lucky are those who love books.

We Who Love Books Summary in Hindi

पुस्तकों के महत्त्व की कोई समय सीमा नहीं होती। वे आज भी उतनी ही ताज़ा लगती हैं, जितनी वे बहुत समय पहले थीं। वे खुशी तथा जानकारी का बहुत बड़ा साधन हैं। कवि को पुस्तकों से बहुत अधिक प्रेम है। उसे दस साल की आयु से पुस्तकें पढ़ने से प्रेम है। वह उन्हें अपनी शेल्वज़ पर रखता है। यद्यपि उनमें से कुछ पुस्तकों की सिलाई खुल चुकी है, तो भी वह उन्हें वहां से कभी नहीं हटाता। वह अब भी उन्हें पूरी रुचि के साथ पढ़ता है। वह उन्हें जाने-पहचाने और अच्छे मित्र कह कर बुलाता है। कवि कहता है कि महान् विचारों तथा महान् काव्यांश का आकर्षण कभी समाप्त नहीं होता। वे समय की कसौटी पर खरे उतरते हैं। वे लोग भाग्यशाली हैं, जिन्हें पुस्तकों से प्रेम है।

Central Idea Of The Poem

The poem brings out the pleasure of reading. Love for books is a great blessing. It is a joy for ever. The books have everlasting value. The great thoughts of books are always fresh and stand the test of time. Therefore lucky are those who love books and enjoy books.

Class 8 PSEB Solutions Poetry

• Poem 1 The Earth Needs You Question Answer
• Poem 2 Don’t Quit Question Answer
• Poem 3 We Who Love Books Question Answer
• Poem 4 My Dear Soldiers Question Answer

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class English Book Solutions English Main Course Book Chapter 2 Where is Science Taking Us? Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 10th English Main Course Book Chapter 2 Where is Science Taking Us? Question Answers

Where is Science Taking Us? Class 10 Questions and Answers

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why does the author of ‘Where Is Science Taking Us ? say that science is doing less than nothing ?
Answer:
Science has done nothing with regard to ethical and spiritual matters. It has created many ethical problems, but doesn’t offer any solutions. Therefore, the writer says that science is doing less than nothing.

नैतिक और आध्यात्मिक विषयों के सम्बन्ध में विज्ञान ने कुछ नहीं किया है। इसने अनेक नैतिक समस्याएं खड़ी कर दी हैं, परन्तु उनका समाधान नहीं दिया है। इसलिए लेखक कहता है कि विज्ञान कुछ भी नहीं से भी कम कर रहा है।

Question 2.
What are machines doing for the humans ?
Answer:
Machines have given humans abnormal power. They are helping them in every field. They are working as man’s slaves.

मशीनों ने मनुष्यों को असाधारण शक्ति प्रदान कर दी है। वे हर क्षेत्र में उनकी सहायता कर रही हैं। वे मनुष्य के दासों के रूप में काम कर रही हैं।

Question 3.
What is the greatest triumph of science ?
Answer:
Science has helped us to produce more and more food. It has also invented many new medicines and helped man to live longer.

विज्ञान ने अधिकाधिक भोजन पैदा करने में हमें सहायता प्रदान की है। इसने अनेक नई दवाइयों का आविष्कार भी किया है और मनुष्य की अधिक समय तक जीवित रहने में सहायता की है।

Question 4.
What are the consequences of war ?
Answer:
War causes death and destruction. Selfish traders hoard all food and people have to starve.

युद्ध से मृत्यु और विनाश पैदा होते हैं। स्वार्थी व्यापारी सभी खाने की चीज़ों की जमाखोरी कर लेते हैं और लोगों को भूखा मरना पड़ता है।

Question 5.
Today the upper age group is overcrowded.’ Why?
Answer:
Almost every year, many new drugs are invented. These drugs increase the average span of life. As a result of this, the upper age group has become overcrowded.

लगभग प्रत्येक वर्ष अनेकों नई दवाइयों की खोज हो जाती है। ये दवाइयां जीवन की औसत अवधि को बढ़ा देती हैं। इसके परिणामस्वरूप अधिक आयु के लोगों की संख्या अत्यन्त बढ़ गई है।

Question 6.
What has happened to the ethics and morals in the modern world?
Answer:
In the modern world, everybody is running after material things. Nobody cares about ethics and morals.

आधुनिक संसार में प्रत्येक व्यक्ति भौतिक चीजों के पीछे भाग रहा है। नैतिकता और नीति-शास्त्र की परवाह कोई नहीं करता है।

Question 7.
What is really needed in the world today ?
Answer:
Moral and spiritual values are needed in the world today. The qualities of charity, mercy, understanding, tolerance and justice need to be developed.

आज संसार में नैतिक और आध्यात्मिक मूल्यों की ज़रूरत है। दान, दया, सहानुभूति, सहनशीलता और न्याय सम्बन्धी गुणों को विकसित करने की ज़रूरत है।

Question 8.
Why does the author of ‘Where Is Science Taking Us ? wish to live another hundred years ?
Answer:
The author hopes that life will become more interesting, intriguing and exciting in future. He wants to enjoy such kind of life. That is why he wishes to live another hundred years.

लेखक को आशा है कि भविष्य में जीवन और अधिक रोचक, जटिल और रोमांचक हो जाएगा। वह इस प्रकार के जीवन का आनन्द उठाना चाहता है। इसी कारण से वह सौ वर्ष और जीना चाहता है।

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
List the material triumphs of science and the non-material necessities to make the world a better place.
Answer:
Science has given man all power over the physical world. It has given man the power of machines. With the help of machines, man can do even the impossible. But science has given man only the power over material things. In fact, it is the non-material things like charity, mercy, tolerance and justice that make the world a better place. In this regard, science has done less than nothing.

विज्ञान ने मनुष्य को भौतिक संसार के ऊपर पूरी शक्ति प्रदान कर दी है। इसने मनुष्य को मशीनों की शक्ति प्रदान कर दी है। मशीनों की सहायता से मनुष्य असम्भव काम तक कर सकता है। किन्तु विज्ञान ने मनुष्य को केवल भौतिक चीज़ों के ऊपर शक्ति प्रदान की है। वास्तव में यह दान, दया, सहनशीलता और न्याय जैसी चीजें हैं जो संसार को एक बेहतर जगह बनाती हैं। इस विषय में विज्ञान ने कुछ नहीं से भी कम काम किया है।

Question 2.
What should be the ultimate aim of science ?
Answer:
The ultimate aim of science should be to make life worthwhile on the earth. No doubt, science has given man the comfort of all material things. But more than material things, it is the non-material things that man needs. They are the qualities of charity, mercy, tolerance and justice. It is these things that make life worthwhile. Science should help man develop these functions of the mind.

विज्ञान का अन्तिम लक्ष्य इस धरती पर जीवन को सार्थक बनाना है। निस्सन्देह विज्ञान ने मनुष्य को सभी भौतिक चीज़ों की सुविधा प्रदान की है। किन्तु भौतिक चीजों से ज्यादा मनुष्य को अभौतिक चीज़ों की ज़रूरत है। वे दान, दया, सहनशीलता और न्याय के गुण हैं। यही चीजें हैं जो जीवन को सार्थक बनाती हैं। विज्ञान को मनुष्य में यही क्रियाएँ विकसित करने में सहायता देनी चाहिए।

Vocabulary and Grammar

Question 1.
Modern drugs have decreased the average span of life of human beings. (True, False)
Answer:
False

Question 2.
Machines give us more and more hours of …………..
(i) hard work
(ii) leisure
(iii) life
(iv) health.
Answer:
(ii) leisure

Question 3.
Name two non-material things mentioned in the lesson.
Answer:
Charity and tolerance

Question 4.
According to the writer, science is doing ‘less than nothing for material things’. (True, False)
Answer:
True

Question 5.
Which age group is overcrowded today?
(i) Childhood
(ii) Middle age group
(iii) Upper age group
(iv) None of these.
Answer:
(iii) Upper age group

Question 6.
Science has helped man to live ……
(i) forever
(ii) no more
(iii) longer
(iv) a short life.
Answer:
(iii) longer

Answer each of the following in one word / phrase / sentence :

Question 1.
Name the author of the essay, Where is Science Taking Us’?
Answer:
The name of the author is Dr. S.W. Pennyquick.

Question 2.
Which is the newer question cropping up before us ?
Answer:
The question is : ‘Where is science taking us ?

Question 3.
Which thing does the author first take as a material thing ?
Answer:
He first takes up the machine as a material thing.

Question 4.
Where do we find machines ?
Answer:
We find them in every sphere of life.

Question 5.
What does a machine give us ?
Answer:
A machine gives us power and leisure.

Question 6.
Are machines good for us in all the ways ?
Answer:
No, they also create problems for us.a

Question 7.
What questions regarding machines come in man’s mind ?
Answer:
Man wants to know the answer regarding the aims and goal of the machines.

Question 8.
What things are now most important for the humanity ?’
Answer:
They are understanding, tolerance, justice and mercy.

Question 9.
Has science been successful in non-material things ?
Answer:
No, science has been helpless in this regard.

Question 10.
How is the life becoming because of machines ?
Answer:
It is becoming more and more interesting and exciting.

Complete the following :

1. Material things are our ………………… business.
2. Machines are there in every …………………. of human activity.
3. This age is truly the age of ………………….
4. We can now kill our fellow men in …………………. numbers.
5. During the war, many people have to …………………
6. Machine age gives us more hours of …………..
Answer:
1. daily
2. field
3. machine
4. large
5. starve
6. leisure.

Write True or False against each statement :

1. From the early times, man has wanted to know the meaning of life.
2. Science is doing a lot in respect of ethical and spiritual values.
3. Machines have reduced our leisure time.
4. Science produces goods, but it has no control over the consequences.
5. The number of aged persons has come down.
6. The spirit of tolerance and understanding is necessary for the humans.
Answer:
1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. False
6. True.

Choose the correct option for each of the following:

Question 1.
Man has always wanted to know the ………………… of life.
(a) use
(b) meaning
(c) complexities
(d) mystery
Answer:
(b) meaning

Question 2.
Machines have given us more hours of ……………
(a) worries
(b) troubles
(c) leisure
(d) hard work.
Answer:
(c) leisure

Question 3.
We can now kill our fellow beings in …………
(a) fewer numbers
(b) a second
(c) the trenches
(d) larger numbers.
Answer:
(d) larger numbers.

Question 4.
Now the wars have become ……
(a) very terrible
(b) easy
(c) rare
(d) impossible.
Answer:
(a) very terrible

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
The synonym of each word under column A rhymes with the other word given under column C. Fill in the blanks in column B with the synonyms of words under A :
Answer:
1. fury – rage – page
2. began-started – parted
3. consequence – result – insult
4. conquest – victory – history
5. ethical – moral – oral
6. apparent – obvious – tedious
7. tolerate – bear – tear
8. charity – donation – nation
9. sufficient – enough – rough
10. abolish – end – mend.

Question 2.
Match the words under A with their antonyms under B :
Answer:
1. material → spiritual
2. forward → backward
3. necessary → unnecessary
4. creative → destructive
5. triumph → defeat
6. less → more
7. obvious → latent
8. ultimate → initial
9. justice → injustice
10. exciting → dull.

Question 3.
Make meaningful words by using over and under as prefix or suffix.
Answer:
1. overcome
2. underline
3. overestimate, underestimate
4. overstatement, understatement
5. undercurrent
6. overarm, underarm
7. overdo
8. overground, underground
9. pullover
10. overage, underage
11. underpants
12. overcharge, undercharge.

Question 4.
Rewrite the following in Direct Speech :
Answer:
1. The minister said, “I spoke about the rights of the citizens in a democracy. I must speak about the citizen’s responsibilities too.”
2. My mother said to me, “Do not waste your time during the holidays. Do some useful reading.”
3. The school inspector said, “I was very pleased with the school. I wish to congratulate the principal and the staff.”
4. The boys said to the teacher, “We didn’t understand the question. Please explain it once more.”

Question 5.
Change the Voice in the following sentences :
Answer:
1. The examination has been passed by him.
2. The truth must be spoken by you.
3. Your uncle’s advice should be followed by you.
4. A song can be sung by her now.
5. The test will be passed by Ram.
6. Why was he abused by you ?
7. It has to be done by me.
8. The police will arrest him soon.
9. A lie cannot be told by her.
10. You must accept this.

Question 6.
Put the words in the brackets into the be-going form :
Answer:
1. You are going to miss your bus.
2. The man with a brick in his hand is going to throw it at the dog.
3. We are wearing red clothes and the bull is going to attack us.
4. I am not going to sleep in this room, it is dirty.
5. Due to some technical fault, the aeroplane is going to crash.
6. They are going to make a lot of money out of this deal.
7. I am going to collect my new dress this evening.
8. I’ve reminded you once; I am not going to do it again.
9. He is going to smuggle this gold out of the country.
10. Look at the clouds. It is going to rain.

Where is Science Taking Us? Summary & Translation in English

Where is Science Taking Us Introduction:

In this chapter, the writer analyses the aims and the ultimate goal of science. He says that science has so far limited itself to material things. It has given man immense power over his material environment. But in non-material things such as charity, tolerance, forbearance, justice, mercy and understanding – science has been helpless. The writer says that the ultimate goal of science should be to make life worthwhile. And it can be done only by the advancement of non-material things. The writer hopes that one day science will bring about a functional improvement in the human mind and give it greater power of reasoning and understanding. He hopes that man will then have sufficient reason and understanding to abolish war.

Where is Science Taking Us? Summary & Translation in English:

Page – 18

When man first began to think, he asked himself the deepest of all questions a question which you have undoubtedly asked yourself many times : What is the Meaning of Life ? What is it all about ? Where are we all going ? What drives men ever forward to work and worry ? And now there’s this other big question a newer question which is beginning to force itself into our notice. One that is not ages old that has not been with us since man first began to think. It is : Where is Science Taking Us?

First, where is science taking us with regard to ethical and spiritual values ? We know what it is doing with regard to material things, for material things are its daily business; but what is it doing with regard to non-material things ? If the answer were ‘nothing at all’, that would be bad enough; but the actual answer is ‘less than nothing’. Here science is actually doing less than nothing. Its material teachings have been so over-emphasized that many people are floundering and wondering whether after all man is but a machine animated by forces over which he has no control.

Let’s concentrate on material things, the things that form the very stronghold of science. Look at the machine, for instance. This is the age of the machine. Machines are everywhere in the fields, in the factory, in the home, in the street, in the city, in the country, everywhere. To fly, it is not necessary to have wings; there are machines. To swim under the sea it is not necessary to have gills ; there are machines. To kill our fellow men in overwhelming numbers, there are machines. Petrol machines alone provide ten times more power than all human beings in the world. In the busiest countries, each individual has six hundred human slaves in his machines.

Page – 19

What are the consequences of this abnormal power ? Before the war, it looked as though it might be possible, for the first time in history, to provide food and clothing and shelter for the teeming population of the world every man, woman and child. This would have been one of the greatest triumphs of science. And yet, many a time especially during the war we have seen the world crammed full of food and people hungry. For that’s the way of science and the machine age. Science produces the goods, it makes the goods, but has no control over the consequences.

The machine age gives us year by year more hours of leisure but it fails to teach us how to use them. It gives us mechanical habits of mind and represses the spirit of adventure except along machine- made lines. We will need all our creative powers to think our way out of the social problems which science has created for us.

It is science that has given us the unexpected redistribution of the age groups. Almost every year, some modern drug adds a little more to the average span of life, until the upper group is overcrowded. In the United States, for instance, there are already nine million people over the age of sixty. (This talk was delivered around the 1950’s.) In fifteen years’ time, this number will reach the astonishing figure of forty-five million. Who is to keep them ? It will need some readjustment.

And so science goes on raising its problems. Compared with our fundamental question What is Life ? these problems may seem to be of less importance. But they are not really so.

What is happening is that science is creating problems faster than they can be solved. Man is struggling in a sort of vicious circle, always striving to catch up and never getting nearer. And there are no signs that the glut of discoveries is coming to an end. War is the worst example; science has pushed it so far forward that ethics 1 and morals are floundering hopelessly behind.

Page -20

It makes one sometimes ask : What is science really after? What are its aims? What is its goal? Its aims seem to be obvious. They are material, of course. One aim is the complete understanding, indeed the conquest, of man’s environment ; the conquest of everything material, big or small, bringing all powers within man’s reach. The other aim is the understanding of all the mysteries that lie within the human body the material mysteries, the innumerable chemical and physical actions that make the body work.

If these are the apparent aims of science, surely they cannot represent the ultimate goal. The ultimate goal, if there is such a thing, must be the understanding of everything that makes life worth while, the enrichment of all that life means. That goes beyond material things; for man needs more than food and shelter and clothing and the understanding of what goes on within his stomach.

What is really needed in the world today, perhaps more than ever before, is not some new world-shattering discovery in nuclear physics, or some breath taking discovery in chemistry or medicine. The advance for which the world is waiting, beyond any doubt, is a small advance a slight advance in charity, in understanding, forbearance, tolerance, justice and mercy. That is what the world is waiting for, and waiting rather anxiously. But charity, and tolerance, and forbearance, and the understanding of one another are non-material matters. And in non-material things in the simplest social things science has been helpless. It cannot even help us to distinguish good from evil.

Maybe this will not always be so. Who knows ? It is quite probable that some day science will effect an improvement in the human brain itself. Not a structural improvement, for in structure the human brain is the greatest miracle of all; its understanding will come last. But there might well be a functional improvement. That is far from fantastic. The advances in science might one day well increase the capacity and reasoning power of the human brain.

Page -21

I should say there is little doubt that man will one day improve on the natural man, raise his intellectual status, and give himself greater power of reasoning and understanding. He might have sufficient reason and understanding to abolish war. Whether that will be so, whether and when he will have a better understanding of his fellow men that remains to be seen. It brings us back to the question Where is Science Taking Us ? Despite the present vicissitudes, we are going somewhere. There are trouble some times ahead. But those who fear for the future are the craven (cowardly) in spirit; for life is becoming more and more interesting, intriguing and exciting. I wish I had another hundred years

Where is Science Taking Us? Summary & Translation in Hindi

Where is Science Taking Us? Introduction:
इस लेख में लेखक विज्ञान के उद्देश्यों तथा इसके अन्तिम लक्ष्य का विश्लेषण करता है। वह कहता है कि विज्ञान ने अब तक स्वयं को भौतिक चीज़ों तक ही सीमित रखा है। इसने मनुष्य को अपने भौतिक पर्यावरण पर अथाह शक्ति प्रदान की है। किन्तु दयालुता, सहनशीलता, धैर्य, न्याय, दान-भावना तथा सहानुभूति जैसी अभौतिक चीज़ों के बारे में विज्ञान असहाय है। लेखक कहता है कि विज्ञान का अन्तिम लक्ष्य जीवन को सार्थक बनाना होना चाहिए तथा ऐसा केवल अभौतिक चीजों को विकसित करने से ही सम्भव हो सकता है। लेखक आशा करता है कि एक दिन विज्ञान मनुष्य के दिमाग की कार्य-प्रणाली में सुधार ला देगा। यह इसे तर्क करने तथा दूसरों को समझ पाने के लिए अधिक योग्यता प्रदान कर देगा। वह आशा करता है कि मनुष्य के पास तब इतना तर्क और इतनी सहानुभूति होगी कि युद्ध सदा के लिए समाप्त हो जाएगा।

Where is Science Taking Us? Summary & Translation in Hindi:

Page – 18

जब मनुष्य ने पहली बार सोचना शुरू किया तो उसने सभी प्रश्नों से अधिक गहराई वाला एक प्रश्न स्वयं से पछा – वह प्रश्न जो आप ने निश्चय ही स्वयं से अनेक बार पछा होगा जीवन का अर्थ क्या है ? वह सब किसके विषय में है ? हम सब कहां जा रहे हैं ? कौन-सी चीज़ मनुष्यों को हमेशा आगे की तरफ धकेलते हुए काम करने और चिन्ता करने के लिए धकेलती रहती है ? और अब वहां यह दूसरा बड़ा प्रश्न है – एक और नया प्रश्न जो हमारे ध्यान में ज़बरदस्ती आना शुरू हो / गया है। ऐसा प्रश्न जो युगों पुराना नहीं है ……. जो | हमारे पास तब से नहीं रहा है जब से मनुष्य ने पहली

बार सोचना शुरू किया था। यह प्रश्न है – विज्ञान हमें कहां ले जा रहा है ? पहली बात यह है कि विज्ञान हमें नैतिक और आध्यात्मिक गुणों के विषय में हमें कहां ले जा रहा है ? हमें पता है कि यह भौतिक पदार्थों के विषय में क्या कर रहा है, क्योंकि भौतिक चीजें इसकी दैनिक क्रिया में आती हैं ; किन्तु यह अभौतिक चीज़ों के सम्बन्ध में क्या कर रहा है ? यदि इसका उत्तर होता ‘कुछ भी नहीं’, तो यह बहुत खराब बात होती; किन्तु वास्तविक उत्तर है – ‘कुछ नहीं से भी कम’। इस क्षेत्र में विज्ञान वास्तव में कुछ नहीं से भी कम कर रहा है। इसकी भौतिक शिक्षाओं को इतना ज्यादा वज़न दिया गया है कि अनेक लोग भटकने लगे हैं और हैरान हुए  सोच रहे हैं कि आखिर क्या मनुष्य मात्र एक मशीन है| जो ऐसी शक्तियों के द्वारा संचालित हो रही है जिनके ऊपर उसका कोई वश नहीं है।

आइए, हम भौतिक चीज़ों पर अपना ध्यान एकाग्र | करें, वे चीजें जो विज्ञान का केन्द्र हैं। उदाहरण के रूप में, मशीन को देखिए।यह मशीन का युग है। मशीनें हर जगह हैं – खेतों में, फैक्टरियों में, घरों में, शहर में, गलियों में, देहात में,| हर जगह। उडने के लिए पंखों की ज़रूरत नहीं: इसके लिए मशीनें हैं। समुद्र के भीतर तैरने के लिए गलफड़ों की ज़रूरत नहीं है। इसके लिए मशीनें हैं। अपने साथी मानव-जीवों को भारी संख्या में मारने के लिए वहां. मशीनें हैं। अकेली पेट्रोल की मशीनें ही दुनिया भर के सभी मनुष्यों की अपेक्षा दस गुणा अधिक शक्ति प्रदान / करती हैं। व्यस्ततम् देशों में प्रत्येक व्यक्ति के पास | उसकी मशीनों के रूप में छ: सौ गुलाम हैं।

Page – 19

इस असामान्य शक्ति के क्या परिणाम हैं ? युद्ध के पहले ऐसा प्रतीत होता था मानो इतिहास में पहली बार विश्व की उमड़ती जनसंख्या को खाना, कपड़े और | रहने के लिए छत दे पाना शायद सम्भव | हर आदमी, औरत और बच्चे के लिए। विज्ञान की यह हो जाएगा सबसे बड़ी जीत होनी थी। और फिर भी हमने कई बार, विशेषकर युद्ध के दौरान, विश्व में भोजन से ठसाठस भरे हए भंडार देखे हैं और लोगों को भखे रहते देखा है। क्योंकि यही तरीका है विज्ञान और मशीनी युग का। विज्ञान चीज़ों का उत्पादन करता है, वह चीजें बनाता है, किन्त परिणामों पर इसका कोई नियंत्रण नहीं है। मशीनी युग हमें वर्ष-प्रति-वर्ष विश्राम के अधिकाधिक घण्टे प्रदान करता है किन्तु हमें इस विश्राम का उपयोग करना नहीं सिखाता है।

यह हमारे दिमाग को एक मशीन के जैसी आदतें प्रदान कर देता है और साहसिक भावना को दबा देता है – मशीनी ढंग से काम करने के अतिरिक्त शेष सभी भावनाओं को। हमें अपनी सभी सृजनात्मक शक्तियों का प्रयोग करते हुए सोचना होगा कि हम उन सामाजिक समस्याओं से कैसे बाहर निकल सकते हैं जो विज्ञान ने हमारे लिए पैदा कर दी हैं। यह विज्ञान है जिस ने हमें आयु-वर्गों का अप्रत्याशित रूप से पुनः वर्गीकरण प्रदान कर दिया है। लगभग प्रति वर्ष कोई न कोई आधुनिक दवाई जीवन की औसत अवधि को थोडा और बढ़ा देती है. जिस से ऊपरी आयु-वर्ग की संख्या और भी ज्यादा हो जाती है। उदाहरण के रूप में, संयुक्त राज्य में साठ वर्ष से अधिक आयु वाले लोग पहले ही 90 लाख हैं।

(यह भाषण 1950 के आसपास दिया गया था।) पन्द्रह वर्षों केसमय में यह संख्या साढ़े चार करोड़ के अचम्भाजनक आँकड़े तक पहुँच जायेगी। उनका पालन कौन करेगा ? इसके लिए कुछ पुनः समन्वय करने की ज़रूरत पड़ेगी। तथा इस प्रकार विज्ञान अपनी समस्याएँ पैदा करता रहता है। हमारे मौलिक प्रश्न के मुकाबले में – कि ज़िन्दगी क्या है ? ये समस्याएं शायद थोड़ी कम महत्त्वपूर्ण लगें। परन्तु वास्तव में वे ऐसी नहीं हैं। सुलझाया नहीं जा सकता। मनुष्य एक प्रकार के दुश्चक्र में संघर्ष कर रहा है, हमेशा समस्याओं से निबटने का संघर्ष करता रहता है और कभी भी उनके बराबर आगे बढ़ नहीं पाता है। और इस बात के कोई संकेत नहीं है कि आविष्कारों की भरमार समाप्त होने वाली है। सबसे| बुरा उदाहरण युद्ध है; विज्ञान ने इसे इतना आगे धकेल दिया है कि नीतिशास्त्र और नैतिकता बेबस रूप से भटकते हुए पीछे रह गए हैं।

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इस कारण कभी-कभी व्यक्ति पूछने लगता है विज्ञान वास्तव में क्या प्राप्त करना चाहता है ? इसके उद्देश्य क्या हैं ? इसका अन्तिम लक्ष्य क्या है ? इसके लक्ष्य स्पष्ट लगते हैं। वे निस्सन्देह भौतिक हैं। एक लक्ष्य है : पूर्ण समझ, असल में विजय, इन्सान की उसके वातावरण पर विजयः प्रत्येक भौतिक चीज़ पर विजय, बड़ी हो या छोटी, सभी शक्तियों को मनुष्य की पहुंच के अंदर लाना।दूसरा उद्देश्य उन सभी रहस्यों को समझना है जो मनुष्य के शरीर के भीतर छिपे हैं – भौतिक रहस्य, वे असंख्य रासायनिक और शारीरिक क्रियाएं जो शरीर को चलाने में मदद करती हैं। यदि विज्ञान के प्रत्यक्ष उद्देश्य यही हैं तो निस्सन्देह वे अन्तिम उद्देश्य नहीं हो सकते।

अन्तिम उद्देश्य, यदि ऐसी कोई चीज़ होती है, तो यह अवश्य उन सभी बातों की समझ होनी चाहिए जो जीवन को सार्थक बनाती हैं, उन सभी बातों की समृद्धि जिनका अर्थ जीना होता है। यह बात भौतिक चीज़ों से परे की बात है; क्योंकि मनुष्य को रोटी, कपड़ा और मकान से कुछ ज्यादा चाहिए होता है और ऐसी बातों की समझ से कुछ ज्यादा कि उसक पट म क्या गातावाधया चल रही होती हैं।

आज की दुनिया में वास्तव में जिस चीज की आवश्यकता है, शायद पहले के किसी समय से भी ्यादा, वह परमाणु भौतिकी के किसी विश्व-विनाशक आविष्कार की नहीं है, अथवा रसायन-विज्ञान या औषधि विज्ञान में किसी आश्चर्यजनक खोज की। वह प्रगति, जिसकी संसार प्रतीक्षा कर रहा है वह निस्संदेह एक छोटी-सी प्रगति है सिर्फ थोड़ी-सी प्रगति दानशीलता, समझ, धैर्य, सहनशीलता, न्याय और दया भावना में प्रगति। यही चीज़ है जिसका इंतजार दुनिया कर रही है, और बहुत उत्सुकता से। किन्तु दानशीलता और सहनशीलता और धैर्य तथा परस्पर समझ अभौतिक चीजें हैं। और अभौतिक चीजों

के विषय में अति साधारण सामाजिक बातों के सम्बन्ध में विज्ञान बेबस रहा है। यह तो बुराई और अच्छाई में अंतर करने में भी हमारी मदद नहीं कर सकता। शायद ऐसा हमेशा नहीं रहेगा। कौन जानता है ? ऐसी बहुत सम्भावना है कि विज्ञान किसी दिन इन्सानी दिमाग़ में ही सुधार ला दे। दिमाग़ की बनावट में नहीं, क्योंकि आकार की दृष्टि से इन्सानी दिमाग एक सब से बड़ा अजूबा है; इसे समझ पाना सब से अन्तिम बात होगी। किन्तु इस में क्रियात्मक सुधार लाया जा सकता है। यह कोई बहुत विलक्षण बात नहीं है। विज्ञान में होने वाली प्रगतियां शायद एक दिन मानव दिमाग़ की क्षमता और इसकी तर्क-शक्ति को भी बढ़ा दें।

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मैं तो कहूंगा कि इस बात में लगभग कोई सन्देह नहीं है कि मानव अपने स्वाभाविक रूप से बेहतर बन जाएगा, अपने बौद्धिक स्तर को ऊपर उठा लेगा, तथा स्वयं को तर्क करने और समझने की बेहतर शक्ति प्रदान कर देगा। उसके पास शायद इतना तर्क और इतनी बुद्धि आ जाए कि वह युद्ध को समाप्त कर दे। क्या ऐसा होगा, क्या उसे अपने सहजीवों के बारे में बेहतर समझ प्राप्त हो जाएगी और कब होगी ये बातें अभी देखना बाकी इस से हम पुनः वापस उस प्रश्न पर आ जाते हैं कि विज्ञान हमें कहां ले जा रहा है ? वर्तमान के उतार चढ़ावों के बावजूद हम किसी-न-किसी तरफ़ अग्रसर हो रहे हैं। आने वाला समय मुश्किलों से भरा होगा। किन्तु वे लोग जो भविष्य के विषय में डरते हैं, वे आत्मा के कायर हैं, क्योंकि जीवन अधिकाधिक रुचिपूर्ण, जटिल और रोमांचक होता जा रहा है। काश, मेरे पास (जीवन के) एक सौ वर्ष और होते।

English Main Course Book Class 10 Solutions PSEB Prose

• The Happy Prince Question Answer
• Where is Science Taking Us? Question Answer
• Secret of Happiness Question Answer
• A Gift for Christmas Question Answer
• Some Glimpses of Ancient Indian Thought and Practices Question Answer
• The Home-Coming Question Answer
• The Making of the Earth Question Answer
• The Rule of the Road Question Answer

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class English Book Solutions Chapter 8 Marco Polo Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 8th English Solutions Chapter 8 Marco Polo Question Answers

Marco Polo Class 8 Questions and Answers

Activity 1.

Look up the following words in a dictionary. You should seek the following information about the words and put them in your WORDS notebook.

1. Meaning of the word as used in the lesson (adjective/noun/verb. etc.)
2. Pronunciation (The teacher may refer to the dictionary or a mobile phone for correct pronunciation.)
3. Spellings.

merchant	adventurous	explorer	caravan	fascinated
grandness	luxury	spy	translated	inspired

Vocabulary Expansion

Activity 2.

Make sentences of the idioms you have studied. (Teachers must help students make sentences.)

English idioms, proverbs and expressions are an important part of everyday English. Idioms are a group of words established by usage and have a different meaning than is apparent from the words, e.g. over the moon, see the light. They come up all the time in both written and spoken English. Let us look at some idioms and their meanings.

S.No	Idiom	Meaning
1.	beat about the bush	avoiding the main topic, not speaking directly about the problem
2.	every cloud has a silver lining	be positive, even difficult times will lead to better days
3.	actions speak louder than words	people’s intentions can be judged better by what they do than what they say
4.	add insult to injury	to further add to a loss with mockery or indignity; to worsen an unfavourable situation
5.	the ball is in your court	it is up to you to take the next decision or step
6.	blessing in disguise	something good that isn’t recognized at first
7.	cry over spilt milk	when you complain about a loss from the past
8.	kill two birds with one stone	to achieve two things with one action
9.	once in a blue moon	happens very rare
10.	turn over a new leaf	to change one’s behaviour usually in a positive way

Sentences :

1. Don’t beat about the bush; come to the point.
2. Don’t be upset. Every cloud has a silver lining in it.
3. We must show our talent in actions. Actions speak louder than words.
4. Don’t hurt his feelings more by adding insult to his injury.
5. Now it is you to save the situation. The ball is in your court.
English education proved blessing in disguise for the Indians:
7. It is foolish to cry over spilt milk. You yourself wasted the money.
8. He killed two birds with one stone by selling his old car at high price.
9. Such achievements are won once in a blue moon.
10. His sudden success turned a new leaf in his life.

Learning to Read and Comprehend

Activity 3.

Read the lesson and answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Who was Marco Polo ?
मार्को पोलो कौन था ?
Answer:
Marco Polo was a merchant and an adventurer of Italy.

Question 2.
When and where was Marco Polo born?
मार्को पोलो का जन्म कब और कहां हुआ ?
Answer:
Marco Polo was born in 1524 in Venice.

Question 3.
Why did Marco Polo visit so many cities?
मार्को पोलो ने इतने सारे शहरों की यात्रा क्यों की ?
Answer:
Marco visited so many cities because he wanted to learn about people, their food habits and their culture there.

Question 4.
Who accompanied Marco Polo during his visits ?
मार्को पोलो की यात्राओं में कौन उसके साथ घुमने गया ?
Answer:
His father Niccolo and his uncle Maffeo accompanied Marco Polo during his visits.

Question 5.
Which features of the Chinese cities impressed Marco Polo ?
मार्को पोलो को चीन की किन विशेषताओं ने प्रभावित किया ?
Answer:
The grandness and greatness of the Chinese cities impressed him.

Question 6.
How did he serve the Chinese Emperor ?
उसने चीन के शासक की सेवा किस प्रकार की ?
Answer:
He served the Chinese Emperor as a messenger and as a spy.

Question 7.
After how many years did Marco Pole return to Venice ?
कितने वर्षों के बाद मार्को पोलो वेनिस वापिस लौटा ?
Answer:
Marco Pole returned Venice after 24 years.

Question 8.
What was the effect of the war between Venice and Genoa upon Marco Polo ?
वेनिस और जेनोआ के युद्ध का मार्को पोलो पर क्या प्रभाव पड़ा ?
Answer:
Marco Polo was captured and put behind the bars in Genoa prison.

Question 9.
Name the book that contains detailed stories about Marco’s journeys.
मार्को पोलो की यात्राओं के विवरण संबंधी पुस्तक का नाम बताओ।
Answer:
The name of the book is ‘The Travels of Marco Polo.’

Question 10.
Who carried the book, ‘The Travels of Marco Polo’ along with him on his travels ? Why?
‘ट्रैवलज़ ऑफ मार्को पोलो’ नामक पुस्तक को कौन अपनी यात्रा पर साथ ले गया और क्यों ?
Answer:
Christopher Columbus carried this book with him because he was greatly inspired by the book.

Activity 4

Read the story and fill in the blanks.
(a) Marco Polo set out on his first voyage at the age of …….
(b) He visited the holy city of …………….
(c) He was released from the prison in …………..
(d) He was married to ……
(e) Marco Polo passed away on ………….. at the age of …………….
Answer:
(a) 17
(b) Jerusalem
(c) 1299
(d) Donata Badoer,
(e) 8 January, 70.

Activity 5

Imagine that you are a traveller. Write the experiences of your visit to any place in five sentences.
Answer:
Visit to a Jaipur It was Sunday. I with my friend visited Jaipur. We all arrived at Jaipur around 11 a.m. We went straight to a hotel Amer on M.I. Road. After a light breakfast we went to Amber fort. We had a ride on the elephant. It was fantastic! Then we saw the Jantar Mantar. It was brilliant. Around 1 p.m. we came out and went to the hotel. Had our lunch. In the evening we all went to Hawa Mahal and Ram Bagh Place. We meant to Chowkhi Dhani and had an experience of Rajasthan over the years. In this chapter we will do Active and Passive Voice of the Continuous and Prefect form of all the tenses i.e.
(a) Present Continuous Tense
(b) Past Continuous Tense
(c) Present Prefect Tense
(d) Past Perfect Tense
(e) Future Perfect

Tense Present Continuous Tense

Rule : is/am/are + being + 3rd form of the verb
Examples :
Active : He is telling a story.
Passive : A story is being told by him.
Active : She is not reading a book.
Passive : A book is not being read by her.

Activity 6.

Change the voice of the following sentences :

(a) The leader is making a speech.
Answer:
A speech is being made by the leader.

(b) They are playing hockey.
Answer:
Hockey is being played by them.

(c) Sudhir is telling a story.
Answer:
A story is being told by Sudhir

(d) Randhir is cleaning his kitchen.
Answer:
His kitchen is being cleaned by Randhir.

(e) The girls are making chairs.
Answer:
Chairs are being made by the girls.

(f) The workers are not repairing the road.
Answer:
The road is not being repaired by the workers.

(g) We are not taking orders.
Answer:
Orders are not taken by us.

(h) I am not favouring you.
Answer:
You are not being favoured by me.

(i) Are they knocking at the door?
Answer:
Is the door being knocked at by them?

(j) Is he serving his country ?
Answer:
Is his country being served by him ?

Past Continuous Tense

Rule : was/werel + being + 3rd form of the verb
Examples :
Active : The boys were playing football.
Passive : Football was being played by the boys.
Active : The men were not repairing the road.
Passive : The road was not being repaired by the men.
Active : Was Meera singing a song ?
Passive : Was a song being sung by Meera ?

Activity 7.

Change the voice of the following sentences.

(a) They were chasing the thief.
Answer:
The thief was being chased by them.

(b) The boys were making a noise.
Answer:
A noise was being made by the boys.

(c) I was preparing my lesson.
Answer:
My lesson was being prepared by me.

(d) We were helping the poor.
Answer:
The poor were being helped by us.

(e) She purchased a book named “The Patriot’.
Answer:
A book named ‘The Patriot’ was purchased by her.

(f) The children were not reading books.
Answer:
Books were not being read by the children.

(g) He was not closing his shop.
Answer:
His shop was not being closed by him.

(h) The servant was not cleaning the room.
Answer:
The room was not being cleaned by the servant.

(i) They were stealing our books.
Answer:
Our books were being stolen by them.

(j) Who was insulting the beggar?
Answer:
By whom was the beggar being insulted ?

Future Continuous Tense

Note : Sentences belonging to this tense cannot be changed into Passive Voice.

Present Perfect Tense
Rule : has/have + been +3rd form of the verb

Examples :
Active : I have won the match.
Passive : The match has been won by me.
Active : He has not spoken the truth.
Passive : The truth has not been spoken by him.
Active : Has she read the letter?
Passive : Has the letter been read by her ?

Activity 8.

Change the voice of the following sentences.

(a) She has torn my book.
Answer:
My book has been torn by her.

(b) You have cheated everybody.
Answer:
Everybody has been cheated by you.

(c) We have said our prayers.
Answer:
Our prayers have been said by us.

(d) Seema has written a poem.
Answer:
A poem has been written by Seema.

(e) Kavita has missed the bus.
Answer:
The bus has been missed by Kavita.

(f) She has not stolen my camera.
Answer:
My camera has not been stolen by her.

(j) The teacher has not scolded us.
Answer:
We have not been scolded by the teacher.

(h) I have not told the entire story.
Answer:
The entire story has not been told by me.

(i) Have you seen a zoo ?
Answer:
Has a zoo been seen by you?

(j) Has the teacher marked you absent ?
Answer:
Have you been marked absent by the teacher ?

Past Perfect Tense

Rule : had + been + 3rd form of the verb

Examples :

Active : The gardener had watered the plants.
Passive : The plants had been watered by the gardener.
Active : She had not told a lie.
Passive : A lie had not been told by her.
Active : Had our team won the match ?
Passive : Had the match been won by our team ?

Activity 9.

Change the voice of the following sentences.

(a) Abdul had lost his bag.
Answer:
His bag had been lost by Abdul.

(b) He had posted the letter.
Answer:
The letter had been posted by him.

(c) She had made a frock.
Answer:
A frock had been made by her.

(d) I had learnt my lesson.
Answer:
My lesson had been learnt by me.

(e) The gardener had watered the plants.
Answer:
The plants had been watered by the gardener.

(f) We had not plucked the flowers.
Answer:
The flowers had not been plucked by us.

(g) He had not killed the snake.
Answer:
The snake had not been killed by him.

(h) I had not seen a lion before.
Answer:
A lion had not been seen before by me.

(i) Had you hidden the books ?
Answer:
Had the books been hidden by you ?

(j) Had our team won the match ?
Answer:
Had the match been won by our team?

Future Perfect Tense

Rule : will/shall + have + been +3rd form of the verb.

Examples :

Active : They will have taken their lunch.
Passive : Their lunch will have been taken by them.
Active : I shall not have finished my work.
Passive : My work will not have been finished by me.
Active : Who will have done this?
Passive : By whom will this have been done?

Activity 10.

Change the voice of the following sentences.

(a) Radha will have said her prayers.
Answer:
Her prayers will have been said by Radha.

(b) You will have bought a new house.
Answer:
A new house will have been bought by you.

(c) Gurpreet will have painted the doors.
Answer:
The doors will have been painted by Gurpreet.

(d) They will have caught the train.
Answer:
The train will have been caught by them.

(e) Nobody will have betrayed you.
Answer:
You will have been betrayed by nobody.

(f) The tiger will not have killed the deer
Answer:
The deer will not have been killed by the tiger.

(g) I shall have taken my lunch.
Answer:
My lunch will have been taken by me.

(h) Will the letter have been posted by him?
Answer:
Will he have posted the letter?

(i) Will they have checked the accounts ?
Answer:
Will the accounts have been checked by them ?

(j) Will you have received the money?
Answer:
Will the money have been received by you ?

Let’s have a quick revision of Active and Passive voice rules using the table given below.

From Active to Passive 

Tense	Rule	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Present Indefinite	is/am/are +V3	My mother bakes cakes.	Cakes are baked by my brother.
Present Continuous	is/am/are + being + V3	My mother is baking cakes.	Cakes are being baked by my mother.
Present Perfect	has/have + been + V3	My mother has baked cakes.	Cakes have been baked by my mother.
Past Indefinite	was/were + V3	My mother baked cakes.	Cakes were baked by my mother.
Past Continuous	was/were + being + V3	My mother was baking cakes.	Cakes were being baked by my mother.
Past Perfect	had + been + V3	My mother had baked cakes.	Cakes had been baked by my mother.
Future Indefinite	will/shall + be + V3	My mother will bake cakes.	Cakes will be baked by my mother.
Future Perfect	will/shall + have + been + V3	My mother will have baked cakes.	Cakes will have been baked by my mother.

Learning to Listen

Activity 11.

Listen to the announcements being made on a railway station and fill in the given blanks.

Announcement 1

The announcement was to inform the travellers going to …………… that the ……………. Express departing from …………. will now …………. from platform number …………… at …………… pm and not from platform number …………..
Answer:
1. Jammu
2. Patna Jammu
3. New Delhi
4. depart
5. 13
6.5: 23 pm
7. 10

Announcement 2

(a) What is the announcement about ?
Answer:
It is about the safety of travellers going to Jammu from New Delhi.

(b) How is safety ensured ?
Answer:
It is secured through 24 hour CCTV recording.

(c) Why are the travellers asked not to leave their luggage unattended ?
Answer:
They are advised to do this because unattended luggage may cause disorder and scare.

(d) What will the security service staff do with the unattended luggage ?
Answer:
They will remove it without warning or destroy it.

(e) What are the travellers advised to do on finding a suspicious item ?
Answer:
They are asked to call the staff of the Indian Railways.

(f) What are the train passengers asked to do whilst waiting for the train?
Answer:
They are asked to stand back behind the yellow line.

Learning to Speak (Role Play – Pairwork)

Activity 12

Scene : You are Aryan. Your mother needs money and asks you to get the money from an ATM. She gives you the security PIN along with the ATM card. When you reach the ATM, you forget the PIN. You try to take out the money using the wrong PIN. Your ATM card gets sucked by the machine.

One of you will be Aryan and one will be a bank employee. Aryan will complain to the bank employee regarding the sucked ATM card and request the bank employee to return the card to him. You may use the following words/phrases

(a) wanted to withdraw money
(b) inserted the card
(c) forgot the PIN
(d) account holder
(e) computerized machine
(f) block
(g) my mother’s account
(h) sucked the card
(i) how long
(j) registered address
(k) two weeks Book

Employee : What is your problem ? How can I help you ?

Aryan : The ATM machine has sucked my ATM card.
Book Employee : What did you do there?
Aryan : I wanted to withdraw some money from my mother’s account. I inserted the card in the hole. But I forgot PIN and used a wrong code. Soon my card was sucked up. Book
Employee : When did all this happen?
Aryan : Only 30 mintues before.
Book Employee : It is computerized machine. But don’t worry. Give your complaint in written. Write your registered mobile number and registered address on it. If it is not a fraud case, your card will be back within two weeks.

Learning to Write

Activity 13.

Study the figure below. It is a conversation between a travel agent and his client. Read all the sentences given in the bubbles and mark them with numbers from 1 to 18 in the order they should occur in a conversation.
.

Learning to Use the Language

In our everyday communication the most important element is asking/framing and answering questions. Asking questions is a skill that must be practised all the time. · Look at the table below to understand how questions are framed grammatically.

Activity 14.

You are the monitor of your class and you have to introduce your new teacher to your class fellows. Make a list of questions that you will ask your teacher before you introduce him/her to the class. You can ask questions based on the given hints.

• name of the teacher
• place she/he comes from
• subject she/he teaches
• why she/he was interested in that subject
• what her/his other interests are
• what her/his views are regarding environment/global warming
• what she/he would like to do about it
• what she/he would like to do in the future

You must work in groups and prepare a written list of the questions. Also think of possible answers to the questions. After you have done that, you must practise the interview questions by playing the roles of the monitor and the new teacher and students.

• The monitor will introduce the teacher.
• The students will ask questions from the teacher.
• The teacher will answer the questions.

Answer:
विधार्थी स्वयं करें

List of Questions Monitor

• What is your good name sir/madam?
• Where do you come from?
• Which subjects do you teach?
• What makes you interested in these subjects?
• Would you tell us about some of your other interests?
• What are your views about the burning problems of environmental pollution and global warming?
• How can you help solve these problems?
• What are your future plans about your career?

New Teacher.
Your questions are worth asking. My answers to these questions are.

• My name is Vineete Sharma.
• I am from Ludhiana.
• I have mastery over spoken English and English grammar.
• I am also interested in poetry and writing skill.
• I am also a good speaker and a hockey player.
• Global warming is mainly the result of increasing environmetal pollution.
• It is a big threat to life on our planet.
• I would start a drive to check the problem.
• I would awaken the people too.
• As regards my future plans, I have no clear-cut vision.

Monitor : Dear class-fellows, you can see that you are going to have a great teacher. I hope he can mould us into true citizens and can serve the cause of education a great deal.
Students : Thank you, madam. We promise to fully cooperate with you.

Comprehension Of Passages

Read the following passages and answer the questions given below each :

Marco Polo was a merchant and an adventurer. He travelled with his father and uncle from Venice (Italy) to China. Marco Polo spent 17 years in China before returning to Venice. Let us read and learn more about this adventurous explorer.

Long, long ago when there were no planes and trains, no cars and buses, people had to travel to other countries by ship or caravan. Marco Polo was one such traveller who went to many countries because he wanted to learn about the people, their food habits and their culture.

1. Who accompanied Marco Polo on his travels ?
मार्को पोलो की यात्राओं पर उसके साथ कौन गया ?

2. What did he want to learn during his travels ?
वह अपनी यात्राओं के दौरान क्या सीखना चाहता था ?

3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your answer-book :
(a) Marco spent on travelling 17 years in Europe.
(b) Marco Polo was an adventurous explorer.

4. Complete the following sentences according to the meaning of the passage :
(a) Marco Polo was one such traveller …….. countries.
(b) Long ago people travelled to other countries by ………….

Match the words with their meaning :

(i) travels	go along
(ii) accompany	journeys
	discoveries

Answer:
1. His father and uncle accompany Marco on his travels.
2. He wanted to learn about the people, their food habits and their culture.
3.
(a) False
(b) True
4.
(a) Marco Polo was one such traveller who went to many countries.
(b) Long ago people travelled to other countries by ship or caravan.
Or
(i) travels — journeys
(ii) accompany — go along

(2) The wealth and luxury of the Chinese cities impressed Marco Polo. He was fascinated by the grandness and the greatness of Kublai Khan’s court. It was nothing like he had experienced in Europe. The capital city of Kinsay was large but well organised and clean. The roads were wide. All this was well beyond anything he had experienced in Venice.

Everything from the food to the people to the animals, like orangutans and rhinos, were new and interesting. Marco Polo lived in China for many years and learnt to speak the local language. He travelled throughout China. He served as a messenger and spy for the emperor. He visited a lot of countries in Western Asia, North Africa and Southern Europe.

1. What fascinated Marco Polo ?
मार्को पोलो को किस चीज़ ने आकर्षित किया ?

2. Mention any two features of the capital city of Kinsay.
किनजे की राजधानी शहर की कोई दो विशेषताएं बताएं।

3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your ansewr-book :
(a) Foods to the people and animals were new and interesting.
(b) Marco Polo lived in China for a few years.

4. Complete the following sentences according to the meaning of the passage :
(a) Marco Polo learnt to speak the local language of China for …
(b) He served as messenger and spy for …………..

Match the words with their meaning :

(i) spy	comfort
(ii) luxury	messenger
	detective

Answer:
1. The grandness and greatness of Kublai Khan’s court fascinated Marco Polo.
2.
(a) It was large and well-organised.
(b) It was clean.
3.
(a) True
(b) False
4.
(a) Marco Polo learnt to speak local language of China for many years.
(b) He served as messenger and spy for the Emperor.
Or
(i) spy — detective
(ii) luxury — comfort.

(3) After travelling for twenty-four years, Marco along with his father and uncle decided to return to Venice. They had left home in 1271 and finally returned in 1295. A few years after returning home, Venice fought a war with the city of Genoa.

Marco was captured and put in a Genoese prison. He was released from prison in 1299. He became a wealthy merchant. He married a lady named Donata Badoer and had three children. He died on 8 January 1324 at the age of 70 and was buried in the church of San Lorenzo in Venice.

1. When did Marco and his party return home?
मार्को और उसका दल वापिस कब आया ?

2. Where was Marco buried ?
मार्को को कहां दफ़नाया गया ?

3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your ansewr-book :
(a) Marco died in 1295.
(b) He was released from prison in 1299.

4. Complete the following sentences according to the meaning of the passage :
(a) He married a lady named ……….
(b) Venice fought a war with ………….
Or
Write the meanings of the following words in English : (Any two) finally, wealthy, captured
Answer:
1. Marco and his party returned home in 1295.
2. Marco was buried in the church of San Lorenzo in Venice.
3.
(a) False
(b) True
4.
(a) He married a lady named Donata Badoer.
(b) Venice fought a war with the city of Genoa.
or
in the end, rich and prosperous, arrested.

(4) It was in the prison that Marco met a well-known story writer. Marco narrated detailed stories of his journeys to the writer, who wrote all the stories in a book called The Travels of Marco Polo. It became a very popular book. It was translated into many languages and read throughout Europe. It is said that Christopher Columbus, another explorer was greatly inspired by the book. It is believed that he carried it along with him on his travels.

1. Who did Marco meet when he was in prison ?
जब मार्को जेल में था, तो वह किससे मिला ?
2. Which book did Columbus carry along with him on his travels ?
अपनी यात्राओं पर कोलम्बस कौन-सी पुस्तक साथ ले गया ?
3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your answer-book :
(a) Christopher Columbus was a story writer.
(b) “The Travels of Marco Polo’ was translated into many languages.
4. Complete the following sentences according to the meaning of the passage :
(a) The book ‘The Travels of Marco Polo’ was read …………..
(b) Marco narrated …………………. to a writer.
Or
Match the words with their meaning :

(i) well-known	unidentified
(ii) inspired	encouraged
	famous

Answer:
1. In prison, Marco met a well-known story-writer.
2. On his travels, Columbus carried along famous book called ‘The Travels of Marco
3.
(a) False
(b) True
4.
(a) The book “The Travels of Marco Polo’ was read throughout Europe.
(b) Marco narrated detailed stories of his journey to a writer.
Or
(i) well-known — famous
(ii) inspired — encouraged

Use Of Words And Phrases In Sentences

1. Explorer – (discoverer) – Many explorers lost their lives during third dangerous travels.
2. Culture – (society/civilization) – We love Indian culture and its values.
3. Adventures – (daring deeds) – The adventures of our soldiers are well known.
4. Wealth – (money, property) – He gathered a huge wealth by working hard.
5. Merchant – (trader) – His father is a big cloth merchant.
6. Finally – in the end) – Finally he left his studies and started a business.
7. Prison – (jail) – Gandhiji was put in prison many a time.
8. Captured – (arrested) – The culprit was captured and punished.
9. Inspired – (encouraged) – Inspired by his father he earned a lot of money.
10. Beyond – (out of reach) – To buy this car is beyond my sources.

Word Meanings

Marco Polo Summary in Hindi

Marco Polo was ………….. many adventures.

मार्को पोलो एक व्यापारी और साहसिक पुरुष था। उसने अपने पिता और चाचा के साथ वेनिस (इटली) से चीन की यात्रा की। वेनिस लौटने से पहले मार्को पोलो 17 वर्ष तक चीन में रहा। आओ हम इस साहसिक खोजों के बारे में पढ़ें और उसकी अधिक जानकारी प्राप्त करें।

बहुत समय पहले जब हवाई जहाज, रेलगाड़ियां, कारें तथा बसें कुछ भी नहीं था तो लोगों को दूसरे देशों के लिए समुद्री जहाज़ अथवा काफ़िलों में यात्रा करनी पड़ती थी। मार्को पोलो उन यात्रियों में से एक था जिन्होंने बहुत सारे देशों की यात्रा इसलिए की थी, क्योंकि वे वहां के लोगों, उनके खाने की आदतों और उनके रीति-रिवाजों को जानने के इच्छुक थे।

मार्को पोलो का जन्म 1254 में वेनिस में हुआ। जब वह 17 वर्ष का हुआ तो वह अपनी पहली यात्रा पर अपने पिता निकोलो (Niccolo) और अपने चाचा माफो (Maffeo) के साथ निकला। वह चीन की यात्रा करना चाहता था ताकि उस देश और उसके लोगों के बारे में जानकारी जुटा सके। यात्रा के दौरान वह बहुत से जाने-माने शहरों में गया और उसने येरूशलम के पवित्र शहर सहित बहुत से स्थल देखे। उसने हिंदु-कुश पर्वत, प्रशा और गो-मरुस्थल भी देखे। वह भिन्न-भिन्न प्रकार के लोगों से मिला और उसने बहुत से साहसिक कार्य किए।

The wealth and luxury…… …………… ever seen before.

चीनी शहरों की धन संपत्ति और विलासता ने मार्को पोलो को बहुत प्रभावित किया। वह कुबलई खां के दरबार की भव्यता और महानता से बहुत अधिक आकर्षित हुआ। यूरोप में प्राप्त उसके अनुभव के मुकाबले यह कुछ भी नहीं था। राजधानी शहर किनसे (Kinsay) न केवल बहुत ही बड़ा था, बल्कि साफ़-सुथरा और पूर्ण रूप से व्यवस्थित था। – सड़कें चौड़ी थीं। यह सब कुछ तो उसके वेनिस के अनुभव से कहीं अधिक अच्छा था।

लोगों तथा जानवरों जैसे आरंगुटान (गुरिल्ला) और राइनो (गेंडा) को मिलने वाले भोजन तक हर चीज़ नई और रोचक थी। … मार्को पोलो चीन में बहुत वर्षों तक रहा और वहां उसने स्थानीय भाषा को बोलना सीखा। उसने पूरे चीन की यात्रा की। उसने सम्राट का दूत और जासूस बन कर कार्य किया।

उसने पश्चिमी एशिया, उत्तरी अफ्रीका तथा दक्षिणी यूरोप के बहुत से देशों की यात्रा की। – इन यात्राओं के दौरान उसने भिन्न-भिन्न संस्कृतियों, भोजनों और लोगों के बारे में जानकारी प्राप्त की। उसने ऐसे बहुत से स्थानों और बहुत-सी चीजों को देखा जो इससे पहले यूरोप में आए किसी भी यात्री ने नहीं देखा।

After travelling ………….. on his travels.

मार्को पोलो ने अपने पिता और अंकल के साथ चौबीस (24) वर्षों की यात्रा के बाद वेनिस वापिस लौटने का फैसला किया। उन्होंने 1271 में अपना घर छोड़ा था और अंततः 1295 में वापिस पहंचे। घर पहुंचने के कुछ ही वर्षों बाद वेनिस का जेनोआ (Ogenoa) के साथ युद्ध छिड़ गया। मार्को को बंदी बना लिया गया और जेनोआ को जेल में डाल दिया गया। उसे 1299 में जेल से रिहा किया गया। वह एक धनी व्यापारी बन गया।

उसने Donata Badoer नाम की स्त्री से विवाह किया और उनके तीन बच्चे हुए। उसका देहांत 8 जनवरी, 1324 को 70 वर्ष की आयु में हुआ और उसे वेनिस की चर्च San Lorenzo में दफ़नाया गया। – जेल में मार्को एक प्रसिद्ध कहानी लेखक से मिला। मार्को ने अपनी यात्राओं की विस्तृत जानकारी लेखक को बताई जिसने “ट्रैवल्स ऑफ़ मार्को पोलो” नामक पुस्तक में सभी कहानियां लिखीं। यह पुस्तक बहुत ही लोकप्रिय हुई।

इसका अनुवाद बहुत-सी भाषाओं में किया गया और यह सारे यूरोप में पढ़ी गईं। ऐसा कहा जाता है कि एक अन्य खोजी क्रिसटोफर कोलम्बस भी इस पुस्तक से बहुत प्रभावित हुआ। ऐसा विश्वास किया जाता है कि वह यह पुस्तक अपनी यात्राओं पर साथ ले गया था।

Translation From English To Hindi

1. Marco Polo was a merchant and an adventurer. — मार्को पोलो एक व्यापारी और साहसिक पुरुष था।
2. He wanted to learn about the people, their food habits and their culture. — वह लोगों के बारे में, उनके खाने की आदतों और उनके रीति-रिवाजों को जानने का इच्छुक था।
3. Marco Polo was born in Venice in 1254.– मार्को पोलो का जन्म 1254 में वेनिस में हुआ।
4. He wanted to visit China. — वह चीन की यात्रा करना चाहता था।
5. He also saw the mountains of Hindu Kush. — उसने हिंदु कुश के पर्वत भी देखे। .
6. He met a lot of different poeple. — वह भिन्न प्रकार के लोगों को मिला।
7. It was nothing like he had experienced in Europe. — यूरोप में प्राप्त उसके अनुभव के मुकाबले यह कुछ भी नहीं था।
8. The roads were wide.– सड़कें चौड़ी थीं।
9. Marco Polo lived China for many years. — मार्को पोलो चीन में बहुत वर्षों तक रहा |
10. They had left home in 1271. — उन्होंने 1271 में अपना घर छोड़ा या
11. He was released from prison in 1299. — उसे 1299 में जेल से रिहा किया गया |
12. It became a very popular book. यह पुस्तक बहुत ही लोकप्रिय हुई।
13. It was translated into many languages. — इसका अनुवाद बहुत – सी भाषाओ में किया गया
14. Marco met a well-known story writer.– मार्को एक प्रसिद्ध कहानी लेखक से मिला

English Guide for Class 8 PSEB Prose

• Value of Money Question Answer
• The Aged Mother Question Answer
• Saint Ravidas Ji Question Answer
• The Old Sage and the Brothers Question Answer
• The Punjab: A Glimpse Question Answer
• Charge for Love Question Answer
• Safety While Driving Question Answer
• Marco Polo Question Answer

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class English Book Solutions Chapter 4 The Old Sage and the Brothers Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 8th English Solutions Chapter 4 The Old Sage and the Brothers Question Answers

The Old Sage and the Brothers Class 8 Questions and Answers

Activity 1.

Look up the following words in a dictionary. You should seek the following information about the words and put them in your WORDS notebook. :
1. Meaning of the word as used in the lesson (adjective/noun/verb. etc.)
2. Pronunciation (The teacher may refer to the dictionary or a mobile phone for correct pronunciation.)
3. Spellings.

summoned	acquiring	approached	delighted	granted
annoyed	poultry	deny	journey	snatched

Vocabulary Expansion

Look at the following sentences.
(a) I enjoyed the film.
(b) The film gave us a lot of enjoyment.
In the sentence (a) the word enjoyed is a verb and in sentence (b) the word enjoyment is a noun. When you add suffixes such as ‘-ment, ‘-ance’, ‘-age’, ‘-ion’, ‘-ness’, -ať, -ure’, etc. to a word, they become nouns. Sometimes if you remove the suffix from a word, it becomes a noun.

For example :
(a) escaped
If you remove -d’, the word becomes ‘escape’ which is both a noun and a verb.
I had a narrow escape. (noun).
The thief wanted to escape. (verb)

Activity 2.

Let’s do the following activity. Make nouns of the given words.

1. try — trail
2. distract — distraction
3. move — movement
4. educate — education
5. inform — informity
6. agree — agreement
7. pay — payment
8. argue — argument
9. pass — passage
10. bag — baggage
11. marry — marriage
12. refuse — refusal
13. propose — purpose
14. arrive — arrival
15. fail — failure
16. press — pressure
17. confuse — confusion
18. decide — decision
19. revise — revision
20. teach — teaching

Learing to Read and Comprehend

Activity 3

Read the story and answer the following questions.

a. How many sons did the old farmer have ?
किसान के कितने पुत्र थे ?
Answer:
The farmer had three sons.

b. Why did the farmer summon his sons ?
किसान ने अपने पुत्रों को क्यों बुलाया ?
Answer:
The farmer had grown old. He summoned his sons to divide his property among them.

c. What had the farmer decided to do?
किसान ने क्या करने का निर्णय लिया था ?
Answer:
The farmer had decided to give his three sons a field and a house each.

d. How did Harry help the sage ?
हैरी ने सघु की सहायता कैसे की ?
Answer:
Harry gave the sage a Chapatti to eat.

e. What did Harry ask for ?
हैरी ने क्या मांगा ?
Answer:
Harry asked for a big house and ten cows.

f. Why could the sage not cross the river ?
साधु नदी क्यों न पार कर सका ?
Answer:
The sage could not cross the river because there was no boat.

g. How did Sandeep help the sage ?
संदीप ने साधु की सहायता कैसे की ?
Answer:
Sandeep carried the sage on his back across the river.

h. Did all the brothers keep their promise ?
क्या सभी भाइयों ने अपना वचन निभाया ?
Answer:
No, only Sandeep kept his promise.

i. Why did the sage snatch away the gifts from Harry and Raman ?
साधु ने हैरी तथा रमन से उपहार क्यों छीन लिए ?
Answer:
The sage snatched away the gifts from them because they did not keep their promise.

j. What do you learn from this story?
आपको कहानी से क्या शिक्षा मिलती है ?
Answer:
One must keep one’s promise. It is our duty to help the poor and the needy.

Activity 4

Complete the following exercise on the basis of the lesson. Fill in the blanks.
(a) The farmer had …………. fields and three …….
(b) The sage made the brothers promise that they would help the ……………. and the
(c) The sage gave a piece of …………….. to Raman. (Choose the correct option.)
(i) cloth
(ii) stick
(iii) rope
(iv) cake
(d) Sandeep broke his promise. (True or False)
(e) The sage punished/did not punish Harry and Raman. (Choose the correct option.)
Answer:
(a) three, houses
(b) poor, needy
(c) stick
(d) False
(e) punished.

Activity 5

Imagine that you are Harry. Use five sentences to narrate your feelings after your gifts were snatched away from you.
Answer:
I was shocked after my gifts were snatched away. I was rightly punished because I did not keep my word. I did not help the poor and the needy. The riches turned my head and made me selfish. Now I have realized my mistake and decided to work hard in life. I will help the poor and the needy too. Learning Language Verbs There are two forms of main verbs in English.
(a) The Finite Verbs
(b) The Non-finite Verbs

A. Finite Verbs

A finite verb is the form of a verb which is limited by the number, person and tense. For example :
1. I eat an apple daily.
2. She eats an apple daily.
3. We eat apples daily.
4. We ate an apple yesterday.
5. We will eat apples tomorrow.

In the examples above, the verb ‘eat’ changes its forms with change in number, person or tense. Therefore, it can be called a finite verb. Finite Verb का वाक्य number, person या tense बदलने पर अपना रूप बदल लेता है।

B. Non-finite Verbs

A Non-finite form of a verb is not limited by number and person of a subject and has no tense. Non-finite verb-forms are typically infinitive forms with or without ‘to’ (e.g. to go, go), ing forms (e.g. going) and third form of the verb (e.g. finished, gone).
Let’s look at some examples :
(a) I want to eat an apple.
(b) She wants to eat an apple.
(c) We want to eat apples.
(d) They wanted to eat apples.
(e) They will want to eat apples tomorrow.
In the examples above, ‘to eat does not change even when the other verb ‘want keeps changing according to number, person or tense. Therefore, ‘to eat’ is a non-finite verb.

Types of Non-finite Verbs There are three types of Non-finite verbs. These are
(a) The infinitive
(b) The Gerund
(c) The Participles
Let us look at the following flowchart to have a better understanding.

B.1. The Infinitives
The infinitive can further be divided into two categories :
(a) Bare infinitive
(b) To-infinitive

(a) Bare infinitive
Bare Infinitives are also called plain infinitives or infinitives without ‘to’. , Use of Bare infinitives
The bare infinitive is used: with verbs such as ‘bid’, ‘have’, ‘left’, ‘make’
(a) The teacher made the student repeat the lesson.
(b) He bade me write an essay.
(c) He didn’t let me enter the room.

2. with auxiliaries ‘will’, ‘would’, ‘shall’, ‘should’, ‘can’, ‘could’, ‘do’, ‘must’, ‘may, etc.
(a) You can go now.
(b) You shall know your results tomorrow.

3. with auxiliaries ‘neeď and dare’, the bare infinitive is used primarily in interrogative
and negative sentences, for example :
(a) Dare you go into the foresť at night ?
(b) He daren’t touch his sister’s mobile phone.
(c) Need you go home so soon ?
(d) You needn’t come.

4. with expressions like ‘would rather’, ‘rather than’, ‘had better’, etc.
(a) I would rather stay at home.
(b) You had better ask him for money.
(c) I would die rather than beg.

5. It may follow ‘but’ and ‘except
(a) He did nothing but cry.
(b) He does nothing except complain.

6. with questions denoting suggestions or advice and beginning with ‘why’, ‘why not.
(a) Why make such a noise over a small matter?
(b) Why not take your brother with you ?

(b) To-infinitive
Use of To-infinitive
The To-infinitive is used in many sentence constructions, often expressing the purpose of something or someone’s opinion about something.
1. as a noun :
(a) To speak effectively needs a lot of practice. (subject)
(b) To err is human. (infinitive as subject)
(c) To criticize others is an easy job. (subject)
(d) He likes to play cricket. (infinitive as objects)
(e) To play with fire is a very risky game. (subject)
(f) My duty is to serve my country. (as a complement to a linking verb)
(g) It is easier to preach than to practise. (after the dummy subject ‘it’)

2. as adverb to modify verbs and adjectives:
(a) We go to school to learn. (modifies the verb ‘go’)
(b) She’s hard to please. (modifies the adjective ‘hard’)

3. as adjective to qualify nouns:
(a) It was a match to remember (qualifies ‘match’)

4. as object complement
(a) He advised me to keep quiet.
(b) I advised him to accept the offer.

5. too + adjective/adverb + infinitive
(a) He’s too weak to walk.
(b) Mona is too young to understand this.
(c) They worked too slowly to achieve the target.

6. enough + infinitive
(a) He has enough money to pay the bill.
(b) He’s kind enough to help you.

Activity 6.

Pick out infinitives in the following sentences and underline them.

1. I saw him go.
2. He promised to come.
3. To forgive is difficult.
4. I watched her dance.
5. It is bad to cheat your family.
Answer:
1. I saw him go.
2. He promised to come.
3. To forgive is difficult.
4. I watched her dance.
5. It is bad to cheat your family.

Activity 7.

Fill in the blanks with appropriate non-finite forms.
(a) You ought …………….. (get) up earlier.
(b) It is easy ……………… (make) mistakes.
(c) He made me ………………. (repeat) the lessons.
(d) You needn’t ………………. (say) anything.
(e) Would you like ………………. (come) in my car ?
(f) He will be able …………… (swim) very soon.
Answer:
(a) to get
(b) to make
(c) repeat
(d) say
(e) to come
(f) swim.

Activity 8:

Combine the following pairs of sentences into one sentence using too/enough + infinitive.

(a) You are very young. You can’t have a gun.
Answer:
You are too young to have a gun.

(b) He’s very ill. He can’t eat anything.
Answer:
He is too ill to eat anything.

(c) Mickey was very foolish. He told lies to the police.
Answer:
Mickey was foolish enough to tell lies to the police.

(d) The fire isn’t very hot. It won’t boil the kettle.
Answer:
The fire is not hot enough to boil the kettle.

(e) I am rather old. I can’t walk that far.
Answer:
I am too old to walk that far.

B.2. The Gerunds

Gerunds are verb + -ing form used as nouns. They can be used in the following ways :
(a) as a subject
(b) after prepositions
(c) after certain verbs
(d) in noun-compounds

Read the following sentences :

(a) Swimming is a good exercise.
The word ‘swimming’ is formed from the verb ‘swim’ by adding -ing to it. It therefore appears to be a verb. The word ‘swimming’ is the name of an action and is also the subject of the sentence. Hence, it does the work of a noun. The word ‘swimming is like a verb as well as a noun. It is therefore a verb — noun and is called a gerund.

Note : The form of the gerunds and of the present participles are identical. However, Gerunds are verbal nouns and Participles are verbal adjectives.

Examples :
(a) He is fond of riding.– Gerund
(b) Riding along the road, he saw a porcupine. — Present participle

Use of a gerund :

As already mentioned above, a gerund can be used as
(a) the subject of a verb : as
(i) Seeing is believing.
(ii) Collecting stamps is his hobby.

(b) as the object of a transitive verb : as
(i) I enjoy reading poetry.
(ii) i like watching the stars at night.

(c) as object of a preposition : as
(i) She’s fond of dancing
(ii) He was punished for telling a lie.

(d) after certain verbs : the gerund is used after verbs such as given below :
admit, avoid, consider, death, differ, delay, deny, detest, dread, enjoy, excuse, fancy, finish, forgive, imagine, invoke, keep, miss, pardon, postpone, prevent, recollect, resend,risk, stop, suggest, understand, etc.. )

Examples :
(a) He stopped writing as I entered the room.
(b) Please pardon my saying so.
(c) I enjoy watching this game.

Pick out gerunds in the following sentences :

(a) Swimming is a good exercise.
(b) I enjoy sleeping.
(c) Old men enjoy gossiping.
(d) I hate waiting.
(e) Stealing is a crime.
(f) am fond of walking.
(g) I am good at spelling.
(h) We took part in boating.
(i) My sister does not like cooking.
(j) She’s fond of dancing.
Answer:
(a) swimming
(b) sleeping
(c) gossiping
(d) waiting
(e) Stealing
(f) walking
(g) spelling
(h) boating
(i) cooking
(j) dancing.

Fill in the blanks with the correct gerund or infinitive form of the verbs given in the brackets.

(a) He agreed …………… me. (help).
(b) Suresh enjoys ……………. football. (play).
(c) We failed ………….. the train. (catch)
(d) They decided …………… hard. (work)
(e) She loves ……………. to music. (listen)
(f) I am learning how ………….. (drive)
(g) The class wanted …………… for a picnic. (go)
(h) He urged us ……………. faster. (work)
(i) She loves ……………. books. (read)
(j) I am looking forward to …………… you. (meer)
Answer:
(a) to help
(b) playing
(c) to catch
(d) to work
(e) listening
(f) to drive
(g) to go
(h) to work
(i) reading
(j) meet.

Learning to Listen

Activity 10.

You will listen carefully to your teacher. Your teacher will read a passage slowly. Write in your notebook what you hear. Do not make spelling mistakes and put appropriate punctuation marks such as comma, question mark or full stop, where needed. (Refer to Appendix I at page no. 166.)
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Learning to Speak

Activity 11:

Look at the pictures given below. There are 8 differences. Do this activity with your partner. While identifying the differences, you all must speak in English only.

Spot the differences

You may use sentences such as 1 can see a difference here
Answer.
1. I can see a difference here in the time. Left hand side clock shows 8.25 but right hand side clock shows 11.25 O’clock.
A —- B
2. Balls on the window rod —- No balls
3. Handles of the drawer are big —- small
4. Cusion of sofa set — one blue —- all yellow
5. Fruits in tray on table—more —- less
6. Book & sequence design —- different
7. Objects on shelf behind sofa —- different
8. Something kept on drawers —- nothing on drawers.

Learning to Write

Given below is an application written to the Principal of a school asking for exemption from examination. Read it carefully and also look at its format.
Answer:
The Principal
Dev Samaj Senior Secondary School
Jalandhar
Sir
I am a student of Class VIII A of your school. Our bimonthly exams are starting from November 01, 20….. Sir, I always stand first in all the exams. My sister’s wedding is falling on November 05, 20…. .As I am the only helping hand of my father, I can’t take the exam this time. This time, I request you to exempt me from the examination. I shall be very thankful to you.
Thanking you
Yours obediently
XYZ …….
Roll No. 21, VIII A
July 5, 20.

Activity 12.

Write an application to your Principal asking for a School Leaving Certificate in the space given below. You must write.

• your reason for leaving the school
• when you will leave the school
• where you will take admission after leaving the school

Answer:
The Principal
Govt. Senior Secondary School Hamirpur
Sir
I am a student of class VIII of your school. My father has been transferred to XYZ city. He is to report for duty there within three days. All the members of our family are leaving tomorrow. My parents do not wish me to join a hostel. I am sorry to leave your good school, but I am helpless. I shall have to join some school at XYZ city. I have paid all the dues. Kindly issue my school leaving certificate and oblige. I shall be thankful to you for this.
Yours obediently
Om Mehta
VIII-D
March 8,20…..

Learning to Use the Language

Activity 13

What’s the problem?	Do you mind if I –	Go ahead!
Is it OK if –	telling me –	Thanks!
Here you are !	Could you turn –	Can I borrow –

Conversation 1

Raghav : Yeah?
Gurtej : Hello, ……….. turn the music down, please? It’s one o’clock and I’m trying to sleep.
Raghav : Oh, sorry. Is that okay ?
Gurtej : Yes, ………. Perhaps I can get some sleep now. Good Night!
Answer:
1. could you
2. Thanks.

Conversation 2

Japtej : I’m sorry, leave early today? I’m going to take my dog to see the vet.
Palak : You’re going to take your dog to the vet ? What’s the matter with him ?
Japtej : I don’t know. That’s why I’m going to take him to the vet’s.
Palak : Oh, I see! Sure Thanks for
Answer:
1. Is it ok if I
2. Here you are !
3. telling me.

Conversation 3

Sheenam : Divyam, do you have your mobile phone with you ?
Divyam : Um … yes. Why ?
Sheenam : it, please? I need to make a quick call to my mother.
Divyam : OK,
Answer:
1. Can I borrow
2. go ahead !

Conversation 4

Jyoti : ………… change seats?
Rajneesh : Yes, all right ……. ?
Jyoti : I can’t see because of the sun.
Rajneesh : OK, then. Why don’t you sit there, next to Piyush.
Answer:
1. Do you mind if I
2. What is the problem ?

Activity 14 :
Given below are some polite requests with equally polite responses. Match the questions in Column A with the correct responses in Column B.
Answer:

S.No.	Column A	S.No.	Column B
1.	Can I have a glass of juice?	1.	Yes, of course!
2.	Is it alright if I make a phone call?	2.	I said that some friends were coming over.
3.	Could you say that again, please?	3.	Well, OK, if it’s a local call.
4.	Can I speak to you for a moment?	4.	Oh sure, The remote’s on the table.
5.	Do you mind if I look at your books?	5.	Well, not really. Why can’t you come?
6.	Is it OK if I miss the class tomorrow?	6.	Of course, there’s some in the fridge.
7.	Could you move a little, please?	7.	You can borrow some if you want.
8.	Do you mind if I turn the TV up?	8.	Yes, sorry. I didn’t realise you wanted to sit down.

1. Of course, there’s some in the fridge.
2. Well, OK, if it’s a local call.
3. I said that some friends were coming over.
4. Yes, of course !
5. You can borrow some if you want.
6. Well, not really. Why can’t you come ?
7. Yes, sorry. I didn’t realise you wanted to sit down.
8. Oh sure, The remote’s on the table.

Comprehension Of Passages

Read the following passage and answer the questions given below each :

(1) Long time ago, a rich farmer summoned his three lazy sons. Harry, Raman and Sandeep and said, “I have grown old. I have decided to divide my property among you. As you all know, I own three fields and three houses. Each one of you will get a field and a house only if you prove that you are worth it”. The three sons were surprised. “What do you mean, father ?” cried they. The farmer said, “These fields and houses are the fruits of my hard work. All the three of you are very lazy. I want the three of you to find some work. Return to me after six months with your earnings. I will decide if you are worthy of acquiring my hard-earned property.” The three brothers set out in search of work, On the way, they sat down under a banyan tree to rest.

1. How could the sons gain their father’s property ?
पुत्र अपने पिता की संपत्ति कैसे प्राप्त कर सकते थे ?

2. Where did they take rest ?
उन्होंने आराम कहां किया?

3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your answer-book :
(a) All the three sons were hard-working.
(b) The sons were given six months to prove their worth.

4. Complete the following sentences according to the meaning of the passage :
(a) Each son will get …………
(b) The three sons set out in ……… of work

Match the words with their meanings :

(i) summoned	called
(ii) acquire	gain
	put in jail

Answer:
1. The sons could gain it by proving themselves worth it.
2. They took rest under a banyan tree.
3.
(a) False
(b) True.
4.
(a) Each son will get a field and a house.
(b) The three sons set out in search of work.
Or
(i) summoned — called
(ii) acquire — gain

(2) Then the old sage said, “Promise me that if ever a poor man asks you for a cup of milk, you will not deny him.”
“It’s a gendeman’s promise”, said the lad “and whatsoever he wishes for milk, butter, curd, sweets, I will never deny.” The old sage smiled, “Do not break your promise.”
“I will not”, assured Harry.
The other two brothers continued on their way with the old.sage. They went on till they came to a stream. The old sage looked sad and worried. “Oh! There’s no boat. How will I cross the stream ?” Raman said very kindly. “Don’t worry! I’ll help you. I’ll carry you on my back.” After crossing the river, the three of them sat down for some rest.
The sage thanked Raman and said, “God bless you, son! Here is a gift for you.”
Raman was delighted. The sage gave him a piece of stick. Raman was surprised. “What is this ?” “It is a magic stick. It will grant you two wishes. Ask now.”

1. What was Harry’s gendeman promise ?
हैरी का सज्जन पुरुष वाला वचन क्या था?

2. Who gave a gift to Raman ? What was it ?
रमन को उपहार किसने दिया? यह क्या या?

3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your answer-book :
(a) The sage crossed the river with the help of a boat.
(b) Harry assured the sage that he would not break his promise.

4. Complete the following sentences according to the meaning of the passage :
(a) Raman offered to carry the sage across
(b) The old sage looked
Or
Match the words with their meanings :

(i) delighted	refuse
(ii) deny	happy/glad
	wondered

Answer:
1. Harry’s promise was that he would never deny anything to the needy.
2. The sage gave a gift to Raman. It was a piece of magic stick.
3.
(a) False
(b) True.
4.
(a) Raman offered to carry the sage across the river.
(b) The old sage looked sad and worried.
Or
(i) delighted — happy/glad
(ii) deny — refuse.

(3) Sandeep moved on with the old sage. When they came to a desert, they sat down for some rest. The old sage said to Sandeep, “I know you are very tired but I’m very thirsty. Please get me some water”.
“Don’t worry! Please rest here. I’ll find some water for you.” Sandeep set out to find water for the old man. He returned after an hour with some water. The old sage drank the water and blessed Sandeep, “God bless you, son ! Here’s a gift for you.”
Sandeep was delighted. The sage gave him a piece of rope. Sandeep became very happy. He knew he was going to be rewarded. The old sage smiled and said, “It’s a magic rope. It will grant you two wishes. Ask now.”
Sandeep was delighted, “I want a big house.” “Granted.”
A beautiful house appeared.
“What’s your second wish ?” added the sage.
“A field !”, said Harry excitedly. “Granted !”

1. Who brought water for the sage ?
साधु के लिए पानी कौन लाया?

2. How many wishes could the magic rope grant ?
जादुई रस्सी कितनी इच्छाएँ पूरी कर सकती थी?

3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your answer-book :
(a) On the way the sage felt hungry.
(b) Sandeep asked for a beautiful house for his first wish.

4. Complete the following sentences according to the meaning of the passage :
(a) The sage gave Sandeep ……… as a gift.
(b) Sandeep became happy because he was going to be ……….
Or
Write the meanings of the following words in English : (any two) excitedly, grant, wish
Answer:
1. Sandeep brought water for the sage.
2. The magic rope could grant two wishes.
3.
(a) False
(b) True.
4. (a) The sage gave Sandeep a magic rope as a gift.
(b) Sandeep became happy because he was going to be rewarded.
Or
eagerly, fulfil, desire.

Use Of Words And Phrases in Sentences

1. Deny – He denied me food.
2. Wish – His wish came true.
3. Grant – All his wishes were granted.
4. Summoned – The king summoned his minister to his court.
5. Approached – The beggar approached the langar house for food.
6. Worth – You are not worth this big house.
7. Snatched – All his awards were snatched from him.
8. Appeared – All of a sudden a beautiful girl appeared from no where.
9. Word – He did not keep his word.
10. Delighted – He was delighted to- win the race.

Word-Meanings

The Old Sage and the Brothers Summary in Hindi

Long time ago…..knew no bound.

बहुत समय पहले एक अमीर किसान ने अपने तीन आलसी पुत्रों-हैरी (Harry), रमन तथा संदीप को बुलाया और कहा, “मैं बूढ़ा हो चुका हूँ। मैंने अपनी सम्पत्ति को तुम्हारे बीच में बांटने का निर्णय लिया है। जैसा कि तुम जानते हो मेरे पास तीन खेत और तीन घर हैं। तुम में से प्रत्येक को एक खेत और एक घर मिलेगा, यदि तुम यह सिद्ध करोगे कि तुम उसके योग्य हो।” तीनों पुत्र हैरान थे। वे चिल्लाए, “पिता जी, आप का क्या अर्थ है ?” किसान ने कहा, “ये खेत और घर मेरी कड़ी मेहनत का फल हैं। तुम तीनों बड़े ही आलसी हो। मैं चाहता हूँ कि तुम तीनों कोई काम ढूंढो।

ठछः मास के बाद अपनी आमदनी लेकर मेरे पास वापिस आओ। मैं निणय करूंगा कि क्या तुम मेरे द्वारा कड़ी मेहनत से अर्जित सम्पत्ति पाने के योग्य हो।” तीनों भाई काम की तलाश में निकल पड़े। रास्ते में वे बरगद के एक वृक्ष के नीचे आराम करने के लिए बैठ गए। जब वे खाना खा रहे थे तभी एक वृद्ध साधु उनके पास आया।

उसने कहा, “मैं भूखा हूं। क्या तुम मुझे खाने के लिए कुछ दे सकते हो ?” हैरी (Harry) ने उसे एक चपाती दे दी। साधु ने खुशी-खुशी उसे खा लिया और बोला, “पुत्र ! ईश्वर तुम्हारा भला करे। तुम्हारे लिए एक उपहार है।” हैरी खुश हो गया। साधु ने उसे कपड़े का एक टुकड़ा दिया।हैरी चिढ़ कर बोला, “यह क्या है ? क्या तुम मेरे साथ मज़ाक कर रहे हो ?”

साधु मुस्कराया और बोला, “यह एक जादुई कपड़ा है। यह तुम्हारी दो इच्छाएं पूरी करेगा। अब मांगो।” हैरी अत्यधिक खुश होकर बोला, “मुझे एक बड़ा घर चाहिए।” “प्रदान किया !” एक सुन्दर घर प्रकट हो गया। साधु ने पूछा, “तुम्हारी दूसरी इच्छा क्या है ?” हैरी ने उत्साह से कहा, “दस गाय।” “दे दी।” दस गाय न जाने कहां से प्रकट हो गईं। हैरी की खुशी का कोई ठिकाना न रहा।

Then the old sage………………Raman confidently.

तब वृद्ध साधु ने कहा, “मुझे वचन दो कि जब कभी भी कोई गरीब आदमी तुमसे एक कप दूध मांगेगा तो तुम इन्कार नहीं करोगे।” युवक ने कहा, “यह एक सज्जन पुरुष का वचन है। वह दूध, मक्खन, दही, मिठाई में से किसी चीज़ की भी इच्छा प्रकट करेगा, मैं इंकार नहीं करूंगा।” वृद्ध साधु मुस्कराया, “अपना वचन मत तोड़ना।” हैरी ने भरोसा दिलाया, “मैं नहीं तोडंगा।”

दूसरे दो भाई वृद्ध साधु के साथ आगे बढ़ गए। वे तब तक चलते रहे जब तक कि वे एक नदी पर नहीं पहुंच गए। वृद्ध साधु उदास और चिंतित दिखाई देने लगा। “ओह ! यहां तो कोई नाव नहीं है। मैं नदी कैसे पार करूंगा ?” रमन ने उदारता से कहा, “चिंता मत करो। मैं तुम्हारी मदद करूंगा। मैं आपको अपनी पीठ पर ले जाऊंगा।” नदी पार करने के पश्चात् वे तीनों आराम करने के लिए बैठ गए।

साधु ने रमन का धन्यवाद किया और कहा, “पुत्र! ईश्वर तुम्हारा भला करे। तुम्हारे लिए एक उपहार है।” रमन खुश हो गया। साधु ने उसे छड़ी का एक टुकड़ा दिया। रमन हैरान रह गया। “यह क्या है ?” साधु ने कहा, “यह एक जादुई छड़ी है। यह तुम्हारी दो इच्छाएं पूरी करेगी। अब मांगो।” रमन खुश हो गया। उसने कहा, “मुझे एक बड़ा घर चाहिए।” “प्रदान किया !” एक सुन्दर घर प्रकट हो गया। साधु ने आगे कहा, “तुम्हारी दूसरी इच्छा क्या है ?” रमन ने उत्सुकता से कहा, “एक मुर्गी फ़ार्म।” “प्रदान किया !” एक मुर्गी पालन फ़ार्म न जाने कहां से प्रकट हो गया।

रमन की खुशी का कोई ठिकाना न रहा। तब वृद्ध साधु ने कहा, “मुझे वचन दो कि जब कभी भी कोई गरीब आदमी तुमसे एक अंडा मांगेगा तो तुम मना नहीं करोगे।”

युवक ने कहा, “यह एक सज्जन पुरुष का वचन है और वह अंडे, आमलेट, अंडे का हलवा में से किसी भी चीज़ की इच्छा प्रकट करेगा, मैं इंकार नहीं करूंगा।” वृद्ध साधु ने मुस्कराते हुए कहा, “अपना वचन मत तोड़ना।” रमन ने दृढ़ता से कहा, “मैं ऐसा नहीं करूंगा।”

Sandeep moved on… ………..”Granted!”

संदीप वृद्ध साधु के साथ चलता रहा। जब वे एक मरुस्थल में पहुँचे तो नीचे बैठ कर आराम करने लगे। वृद्ध साधु ने संदीप से कहा, “मैं जानता हूँ कि तुम थके हुए हो परन्तु मुझे बहुत प्यास लगी है। कृपया पानी ले आओ।”
“आप चिंता न करें। कृपया यहां आराम करें। मैं आपके लिए पानी की तलाश करता हूं।” संदीप वृद्ध साधु के लिए पानी तलाशने के लिए निकल पड़ा। वह एक घण्टे के बाद पानी लेकर लौटा। वृद्ध साधु ने पानी पिया और संदीप को आशीर्वाद दिया, “पुत्र, ईश्वर तुम्हारा भला करे! तुम्हारे लिए एक उपहार है।”

संदीप प्रसन्न हो गया। साधु ने उसे रस्सी का एक टुकड़ा दिया। संदीप खुश हो गया। वह जानता था कि उसे उपहार मिलने वाला है। वृद्ध साधु मुस्कराया और कहा, “यह एक जादुई रस्सी है। यह तुम्हारी दो इच्छाएं पूरी करेगी। अब मांगो।”
संदीप प्रसन्न था, “मुझे एक बड़ा घर चाहिए।” “प्रदान किया।” एक सुन्दर घर प्रकट हो गया। साधु ने आगे कहा, “तुम्हारी दूसरी इच्छा क्या है ? ” संदीप ने उत्सुकता से कहा, “एक खेत!” “प्रदान किया!” एक खेत न जाने कहां से प्रकट हो गया। संदीप की खुशी का ठिकाना न रहा।

तब वृद्ध साधु ने कहा, “मुझे वचन दो कि जब कभी भी कोई गरीब आदमी तुमसे खाने के लिए कुछ मांगेगा तो तुम इंकार नहीं करोगे।”
युवक ने कहा, “यह एक सज्जन पुरुष का वचन है। वह चावल, गेहूं, सब्जियां, फल में से किसी भी चीज़ की इच्छा प्रकट करेगा, मैं इंकार नहीं करूंगा।” वृद्ध साधु मुस्कराया, अपना वचन मत तोड़ना।”

संदीप ने वचन देते हुए कहा, “मैं ऐसा नहीं करूंगा।” बूढ़ा साधु अपनी यात्रा पर निकल पड़ा। कुछ दिनों के बाद संदीप ने अपने भाइयों से मिलने का निश्चय किया क्योंकि उसे उनकी याद आ रही थी। घर, गायें, मुर्गी फ़ार्म और उसके भाई सब गायब हो चुके थे। वह उन्हें ढूंढ़ नहीं सका। जब वह वहां खड़ा था आश्चर्यचकित था, उसने साधु को अपनी ओर आते देखा। साधु ने उसे बताया, “तुम्हारे भाइयों ने अपना वचन नहीं निभाया। उन्होंने ग़रीबों और जरूरतमंदों की मदद नहीं की। इसलिए जो कुछ भी उन्हें दिया गया था, छिन गया। तुम अपने वचन पर खरे उतरे। इसलिए जब तक तुम अपने वचन को याद रखोगे, आनंद करते रहोगे।

Retranslation From English to Hindi

1. A rich farmer summoned his three lazy sons.
एक अमीर किसान ने अपने तीन आलसी पुत्रों को बुलाया।

2. I have grown old.
मैं बूढ़ा हो चुका हूँ।

3. I own three fields and three houses.
मेरे पास तीन खेत और तीन घर हैं।

4. The three sons were surprised.
तीनों पुत्र हैरान थे।

5. I want three of you to find some work.
मैं चाहता हूँ कि तुम तीनों कोई काम ढूंढ़ो।

6. The three brothers set out in search of work.
तीनों भाई काम की तलाश में निकल पड़े।

7. The sage ate it happily..
साधु ने खुशी-खुशी उसे खा लिया।

8. The sage gave him a piece of cloth.
साधु ने उसे कपड़े का एक टुकड़ा दिया।

9. It’s a magic cloth.
यह एक जादुई कपड़ा है।

10. I want a big house.
मुझे एक बड़ा घर चाहिए।

11. The old sage looked sad and worried.
वृद्ध साधु उदास और चिंतित दिखाई देने दिया।

12. I’ll carry you on my back.
मैं आपको अपनी पीठ पर ले जाऊंगा।

13. Here is a gift for you.
तुम्हारे लिए एक उपहार है।

14. A poultry farm appeared out of nowhere
एक मुर्गी पालन फ़ार्म न जाने कहां से प्रकट हो गया।

15. I know you are tired.
मैं जानता हूँ कि तुम थके हुए हो।

16. It’s a gentleman’s promise.
यह एक सज्जन पुरुष का वचन है।

17. The old sage set out on his journey.
बूढ़ा साधु अपनी यात्रा पर निकल पड़ा।

18. You were as good as your word.
तुम अपने वचन पर खरे उतरे।

English Guide for Class 8 PSEB Prose

• Value of Money Question Answer
• The Aged Mother Question Answer
• Saint Ravidas Ji Question Answer
• The Old Sage and the Brothers Question Answer
• The Punjab: A Glimpse Question Answer
• Charge for Love Question Answer
• Safety While Driving Question Answer
• Marco Polo Question Answer

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class English Book Solutions English Literature Book Chapter 6 Return to Air Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 10th English Literature Book Chapter 6 Return to Air Question Answers

Return to Air Class 10 Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why was the boy called ‘Sausage’ ?
Answer:
The boy was quite fat and plump. That was why he was called Sausage.

लड़का काफ़ी मोटा और गोलमटोल था। इसलिए हर कोई उसे कुल्चा कहता था।

Question 2.
Why did the boy not like diving ?
Answer:
The boy had weak eyesight. He could not see properly without his glasses. He had to take off his glasses for diving. Therefore, he did not like diving.

लड़के की दृष्टि कमज़ोर थी। वह अपने चश्मे के बिना ठीक तरह से देख नहीं पाता था। गोताखोरी के लिए उसे अपना चश्मा उतारना पड़ता था। इसलिए वह गोताखोरी पसन्द नहीं करता था।

Question 3.
What is duck-diving ? How is it taught ?
Answer:
Duck-diving means diving into water in the manner of a duck. A brick is thrown into water and the learner is asked to bring it out. In this way, duck-diving is taught.

बत्तखी-गोताखोरी का अर्थ होता है, पानी में बत्तख की तरह गोता लगाना। एक ईंट पानी में फेंक दी जाती है और प्रशिक्षु से इसे निकाल कर लाने के लिए कहा जाता है। इस प्रकार बत्तखी-गोताखोरी सिखाई जाती है।

Question 4.
What happened to Sausage when he tried duck-diving the first time ?
Answer:
Sausage. had to remove his glasses for diving. He could not see properly inside the water. Instead of the brick, he brought out an old tin-box from the bottom.

गोताखोरी के लिए सासेज को अपना चश्मा उतारना पड़ा। पानी के अन्दर वह ठीक तरह से देख न पाया। ईंट की बजाए वह एक पुराना टीन का डिब्बा तल से उठा लाया।

Question 5.
Why couldn’t Sausage see inside the water ?
Answer:
Sausage had weak eyesight and had to wear glasses. But for diving, he had to remove his glasses. That was why he couldn’t see properly inside the water.

सासेज की नज़र कमज़ोर थी और उसे चश्मा पहनना पड़ता था। किन्तु गोता लगाने के लिए उसे अपना चश्मा उतारना पड़ा था। इसी कारण से वह पानी के अन्दर ठीक ढंग से देख न पाया।

Question 6.
Why did the water change colours ? How did it change colours ?
Answer:
The water changed colours because the intensity of sunlight decreased gradually underwater. The water changed from thick green to brown lemonade and then to blackish-brown.

पानी ने रंग इसलिए बदले क्योंकि सूर्य की रोशनी की चमक पानी के नीचे धीरे-धीरे कम होती गई। पानी का रंग गहरे हरे रंग से बदल कर भूरे नींबू-सोडे जैसा और फिर भूरा-काला हो गया।

Question 7.
Was Sausage sure that he would not come out alive ? Give examples to support your answer.
Answer:
Sausage had been underwater for a long time. He was about to lose his breath. Although he started going up quickly, he thought he would not come out alive.

सासेज लम्बा समय पानी के अन्दर रहा था। उसकी सांस उखड़ने वाली थी। यद्यपि उसने तेज़ी से ऊपर आना शुरू कर दिया, उसने सोचा कि वह जीवित बाहर नहीं आ पाएगा।

Question 8.
What did Sausage dig out ? Did he know what he had caught hold of when he was inside the water ? Why ?
Answer:
He dug out an old tin-box. But he did not know what it was. He had weak eyesight and could not see properly without his glasses.

उसने एक पुराना टीन का बक्सा खोद कर निकाला। किन्तु उसे यह पता नहीं था कि यह क्या था। उसकी नज़र कमज़ोर थी और अपने चश्मे के बिना वह ठीक ढंग से देख नहीं सकता था।

Question 9.
Where did Sausage reach while swimming ?
Answer:
While swimming, he reached the other end of the pond.

तैरते हुए वह तालाब के दूसरे किनारे पर पहुंच गया।

Question 10.
What did Sausage do with the tin-box ?
Answer:
He took the tin-box to his home. He placed it on the mantelpiece. He put his coin collection in it. He wanted to keep it as long as he lived.

वह टीन के बक्से को अपने घर ले गया। उसने इसे अंगीठी पर रख दिया। उसने इसमें अपने सिक्कों का संग्रह डाल दिया। वह इसे उतनी देर रखना चाहता था जितनी देर वह जीवित रहे।

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
The boy was called …………
(i) flabby
(ii) filthy
(iii) Sausage
(iv) honest.
Answer:
(iii) Sausage

Question 2.
The instructor threw a tin in the pond. (True/False)
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Sausage put his stamp collection in the tin. (True/False)
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Sausage brought a ………….. from under the water.
(i) tin-box
(ii) fish
(iii) duck
(iv) pearl.
Answer:
(i) tin-box

Question 5.
Duck-diving means diving into water in the manner of a …………..
(i) fish
(ii) duck
(iii) crocodile
(iv) turtles.
Answer:
(ii) duck

Question 6.
Where did Sausage reach while diving ?
Answer:
The other end of the pond.

Answer each of the following in one word / phrase / sentence :

Question 1.
Who is the author of the story ?
Answer:
Philippa A Pearce.

Question 2.
What was the boy called ?
Answer:
‘Sausage’

Question 3.
What did Sausage not like ?
Answer:
Diving

Question 4.
What is thrown into water while teaching duck-diving ?
Answer:
A brick.

Question 5.
Why couldn’t Sausage see inside the water ?
Answer:
Because he had a weak eyesight.

Question 6.
How did water change colours ?
Answer:
From thick green to brown lemonade and then to blackish brown.

Question 7.
What was Sausage about to lose underwater ?
Answer:
His breath.

Question 8.
What did Sausage dig out ?
Answer:
He dug out an old tin box.

Complete the following :

1. The author of the story used to swim in a ……..
2. The boy was very fat and ………………
3. Duck-diving means diving like a ……………….
4. Sausage could not see ………. in water.
5. The water changed its ……….
Answer:
1. pond
2. plump
3. duck
4. properly
5. colours.

Write True or False against each statement :

1. The boy was nicknamed ‘Sausage’ because he was fat and plump.
2. Sausage liked diving very much.
3. A pitcher is thrown into water in duck-diving training.
4. For diving, the boy had to remove his sweater.
5. Sausage was about to lose his breath underwater.
Answer:
1. True
2. False
3. False
4. False
5. True.

Choose the correct option for each of the following:

Question 1.
The author of the story was expert in …
(a) shooting
(b) birdwatching
(c) swimming
(d) playing at cards.
Answer:
(c) swimming

Question 2.
What did Sausage have to take off before going into water ?
(a) His hat.
(b) His dress.
(c) His legs.
(d) His spectacles.
Answer:
(d) His spectacles.

Question 3.
Sausage dug out an old ……….
(a) radio set
(b) tin-box
(c) book
(d) bottle.
Answer:
(b) tin-box

Question 4.
Where was the tin-box placed ?
(a) On the shelf.
(b) In the almirah.
(c) On the mantelpiece.
(d) On the rooftop.
Answer:
(c) On the mantelpiece.

Return to Air Summary & Translation in English

Return to Air Introduction:
The author used to swim in a pond. He was quite expert in swimming. But he could not dive from the diving-board. He had to take off his specs to go into the water. Therefore, he did not want to learn diving. But he was told that one should learn to dive and go underwater. In this way, a person could rescue anyone from drowning. To teach the author diving, his swimming instructor threw a brick into the pond and asked him to bring it out. When the author removed his specs, he could see only blurred figures.

Even then, he jumped into the water. He could not see the brick underwater. He found a brick-like object at the bottom of the pond. He dug it out from the mud. He had swum underwater too far. Now he wanted to come on the surface as soon as possible. He became quite afraid. Various fears came into his mind. He thought he might not reach the surface in time. He kept on going upwards. Suddenly, he reached the surface. When he put on his specs, he found that instead of the brick, he had brought an old tin box from the bottom.

Return to Air Summary & Translation in Hindi

Return to Air Introduction:
लेखक एक तालाब में तैरा करता था। वह तैराकी में काफी निपुण था। परन्तु वह डाइविंग-बोर्ड से गोता नहीं लगा सकता था। पानी के अन्दर जाने के लिए उसे अपना चश्मा उतारना पड़ता था। इसलिए वह गोताखोरी नहीं सीखना चाहता था। परन्तु उसे बताया गया था कि व्यक्ति को गोता लगाना और पानी के अन्दर जाना आना चाहिए था। इस प्रकार व्यक्ति किसी को भी डूबने से बचा सकता था। लेखक को गोताखारी सिखाने के लिए उसके तैराकी प्रशिक्षक ने तालाब में एक ईंट फेंकी और उसे उसको बाहर निकाल कर लाने के लिए कहा।

जब लेखक ने अपना चश्मा उतारा तो वह धुंधली-सी आकृतियां ही देख पा रहा था। फिर भी उसने पानी में छलांग लगा दी। वह पानी के अंदर ईंट न देख पाया। उसे तालाब की तली पर एक ईंट जैसी चीज़ मिल गई। उसने उसे कीचड़ से खोद कर निकाल लिया। वह पानी के नीचे तैरता हुआ काफ़ी दूर चला गया था। वह अब जितनी जल्दी हो सके, सतह पर आना चाहता था। वह काफ़ी डर गया। विभिन्न प्रकार के भय उसके मन में आ गए। उसने सोचा कि वह समय से सतह पर नहीं पहुंच पाएगा। उसने ऊपर जाना जारी रखा। अचानक वह सतह पर पहुंच गया। जब उसने अपना चश्मा पहना तो उसने पाया कि वह तल से ईंट के स्थान पर टीन का एक पुराना बक्सा ले आया था। कठिन शब्दार्थ और सम्पूर्ण कहानी का हिन्दी अनुवाद.

Return to Air Summary & Translation in Hindi:

(Page 51-52)
The ponds are ………. never get it.”

Word-meanings : 1. pond-तालाब; 2. bald-गंजे; 3. squeeze-तंग जगह में घुसना; 4. wade –मुश्किल से चलना; 5. float-सतह पर तैरते रहना; 6. sausage-मांस से बनाया हुआ एक प्रकार का कबाब जैसा पदार्थ; 7. glasses—(नज़र का) चश्मा; 8. upend-उल्टा हो जाना।

अनुवाद- तालाब बहुत बड़े हैं, इसलिए एक सिरे पर लोग नहाते हैं और दूसरे सिरे पर मछली का शिकार करते हैं। गंजे सिरों वाले बूढ़े आदमी फोल्डिंग स्टूलों पर बैठे रहते हैं और डंडी और डोरी की सहायता से मछलियों का शिकार करते रहते हैं और छोटे-छोटे बच्चे जंगलों में अपने को सिकोड़ कर घुसते रहते हैं और फिर पानी में धीरे-धीरे चलते हुए अपने जाल से मछलियां पकड़ते हैं। किन्तु तालाब के हमारे वाले सिरे पर पानी ज्यादा

अन्य चीज़ के बारे में नहीं सोचा, सिवाए इसके कि उस ईंट को लिए हुए ऊपर उठू और (पानी से बाहर) हवा में पहुंच जाऊं। तली को मेरे उस तरह छुने ने कीचड़ को हिला दिया था इसलिए इसके एक बादल में से होते हुए मैं ऊपर की तरफ जाना शुरू हो गया। मुझे महसूस हुआ कि मैं खो जाऊंगा। शायद मैं पानी के अन्दर-अन्दर तैरते हुए बहुत दूर तक चला गया था – शायद मैं भटकते हुए उस जगह पर पहुंच जाऊंगा जहां लोग मछली का शिकार कर रहे थे और मेरे गाल के मांस में मछली वाला कांटा फंस जाएगा, या शायद मुझे ऊपरी सतह और बाहर की हवा फिर से नहीं मिल पाने वाली थी

(Page 53)
I was quite ……….. to be hundred.

Word-meanings : 1. exploded—एक तेज़ आवाज़ के साथ पानी से बाहर निकल आया था; 2. for a while – कुछ समय के लिए; 3. trickling down—पतली धाराओं की शक्ल में बह रहा था; 4. mantelpiece – अंगीठी के ऊपर सजावटी चीजें रखने की जगह।

अनुवाद- मैं काफ़ी डरा हुआ था यद्यपि मैं काफ़ी तेज़ी से ऊपर आ रहा था, और पानी अब भूरे-काले से हरा-भूरा और फिर चमकदार लैमनेड के रंग का होता जा रहा था; मैं पानी के अन्दर से सूरज को चमकते हुए भी देख पा रहा था, मैं सतह के नज़दीक आता जा रहा था। मैं काफ़ी धीरे-धीरे जा रहा था; मैं जान गया था कि मैं समय रहते फिर से हवा तक नहीं पहुंच पाऊंगा। अब मैं हवा में कभी नहीं पहुंच सकूँगा फिर अचानक ही मैं सतह पर था – मैं एक धमाके के साथ पानी से दुबारा हवा में आ पहुंचा था। कुछ समय के लिए मैं किसी भी चीज़ के बारे में नहीं सोच सका; और मैं कुछ भी नहीं कर सका, सिवाए इसके कि उस पुरानी सांस को छोड़ दूं, जिसे मैंने अन्दर रोक कर रखा हुआ था और कुछ ताज़ी और तेज़ सांसें लूं और ईंट को पकड़े रखू।

तालाब का पानी पतली धारों में मेरी नाक में से बह रहा था और मेरे मुंह में आ रहा था, जिससे मैं घृणा करता हूं किन्तु मेरे चारों तरफ़ और ऊपर की तरफ़ हवा थी, मेरे सांस लेने के लिए, जीवित रहने के लिए; और अब मैं शायद सौ साल का होने तक ज़िन्दा रहूं और मेरी अपनी हलवाई की दुकान हो, और मैं चांद पर चलं और कुत्तों को पालूं और किसी को डूबने से बचाऊं और इसके लिए मुझे पदक दिया जाए और टी०वी० पर मेरा इंटरव्यू लिया जाए। और फिर मैंने गौर किया कि वे किनारे पर खड़े चिल्ला रहे थे। वे ताली बजा रहे थे और चिल्ला रहे थे, “कबाब! कबाब!” प्रशिक्षक अपने हाथों को मुंह के गिर्द रखे हुए कह रहा था, “अरे, वह तुमने क्या पकड़ रखा है?”

तो उस समय मैं समझा कि मैं लगभग तालाब के दूसरे सिरे पर आ पहुंचा था। मैं पीछे मुड़ा और तैर कर किनारे पर पहुंच गया। उन्होंने मुझे मेरा चश्मा दिया ताकि मैं देख सकूँ कि मैं तली से क्या ले आया था। क्योंकि वह ईंट नहीं थी; उतनी ही बड़ी चीज़, पर वह एक टीन था – एक पुराना टीन – ऐसा बक्सा जिस पर कुछ भी पेंट बाकी नहीं रहा था और उस पर वह काला-भूरा कीचड़ जमा हुआ था जो तालाब की तली में से आया था। वह ईंट जितना ही भारी था क्योंकि इसमें कीचड़ भरा हुआ था – कीचड़ के सिवा कुछ नहीं। वह टीन तली में कई सालों से पड़ा रहा होगा।

मैंने उस टीन को साफ़ कर लिया है और घर में अंगीठी के ऊपर वाली जगह रख दिया है और उसमें मैंने सिक्कों का अपना संग्रह डाल दिया है। मुझे बाद में फिर से एक अन्य ईंट के लिए वह बत्तख-गोता लगाना पड़ा था, और मैं ईंट को लाने में सफल हो गया था तथा मैं बिल्कुल भी डरा नहीं था। मैं उस टीन को रखे रहूंगा जब तक मैं जीवित रहूंगा, और मैं शायद सौ साल की उम्र तक जीवित रहूं।

Class 10th English Literature Book PSEB Supplementary Reader

• Bed Number-29 Question Answer
• Half A Rupee Worth Question Answer
• One Thousand Dollars Question Answer
• The Dying Detective Question Answer
• How Much Land Does A Man Need? Question Answer
• Return to Air Question Answer

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class English Book Solutions Chapter 6 Charge for Love Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 8th English Solutions Chapter 6 Charge for Love Question Answers

Charge for Love Class 8 Questions and Answers

Activity 1.

Look up the following words in a dictionary. You should seek the following information about the words and put them in your WORDS notebook.
1. Meaning of the word as used in the lesson (adjective/noun/verb. etc.)
2. Pronunciation (The teacher may refer to the dictionary or a mobile phone for correct pronunciation.)
3. Spellings.

sign board	advertise	intention	set about
sweat	handful	delight	stirring
hobbling	veterinarian	hip socket	brace
twisted	crippled	worth	cents

Vocabulary Expansion

Activity 2.

Write the meaning of the following phrasal verbs from their context in the given space.

Activity 3

Choose the correct option to answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What did the shop owner write on the sign board ?
(a) ‘Come and Buy Puppies’
(b) Free Puppies
(c) Looking For My Lost Puppy
(d) ‘Puppies for Sale’
Answer:
(d) ‘Puppies for Sale’.

Question 2.
What was the name of the mother of the puppies ?
(a) Holly
(b) Dolly
(c) Paula
(d) Peppy.
Answer:
(b) Dolly.

Question 3.
How many puppies were there to choose from?
(a) three
(b) five
(c) four
(d) one.
Answer:
(b) five.

Question 4.
Which puppy did the boy pick ?
(a) the one with black and white spots
(b) the one with a limp
(c) the one with shaky eyes
(d) the one with big ears.
Answer:
(b) the one with a limp.

Question 5.
Why did the boy pick the puppy with a limp ?
(a) He could empathize with its condition.
(b) The shop owner said he’d give it for free.
(c) He thought it was very cute.
(d) The puppy showed him more affection.
Answer:
(d) The puppy showed him more affection.

Question 6.
Why did the shop owner want the boy to take the puppy for free?
(a) He felt that he should not put a price on love.
(b) He felt that the boy was too small to pay.
(c) The puppy would be a burden on him due to its limp.
(d) He thought that he would have to spend a lot of money on its regular treatment.
Answer:
(d) He felt that he should not put a price on love.

Activity 4.

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Who approached the owner of the shop ?
दुकान मालिक के पास कौन गया ?
Answer:
A little boy approached the owner of the shop.

Question 2.
What was the owner charging for healthy puppies ?
दुकान मालिक स्वस्थ पिल्लों का कितना मूल्य ले रहा था ?
Answer:
For healthy puppies the owner was charging from $ 30 to $.50 dollars.

Question 3.
How much money did the boy have ?
लड़के के पास कितने पैसे थे ?
Answer:
The boy had 2.37 dollars.

Question 4.
What problem did the lame puppy have ?
लंगड़े पिल्ले को क्या समस्या थी ?
Answer:
The lame puppy could neither run nor play.

Question 5.
Which puppy was chosen by the little boy and why?
लड़के ने कौन-सा पिल्ला चुना और क्यों ?
Answer:
The boy chose crippled puppy because it showed him more affection.

Question 6.
Why did the shop owner agree to give the puppy for free?
दुकान मालिक पिल्ला मुफ्त में देने को क्यों तैयार हो गया ?
Answer:
He agreed to this because there is no charge for love.

Activity 5.

Put a tick (✓) or a cross (✗) against each sentence.

1. The shop owner wanted to sell kittens. ( )
2. The shop owner wanted to sell puppies. ( )
3. The boy was an athlete and needed a pet to exercise with. ( )
4. One of the puppies was blind. ( )
5. The boy had enough money to buy four pets. ( )
6. The shop owner insisted that the boy might take the puppy for free. ( )
7. The boy had a crippled leg. ( )
8. The boy initially came looking for a horse. ( )
Answer:
1. ✗
2. ✓
3. ✗
4.✗
5. ✗
6. ✓
7. ✓
8. ✗

Comprehension Passage

Dengue is a viral disease. It spreads through the bite of an Aedes mosquito. This mosquito breeds in stagnant water kept in buckets, coolers, pots, etc. Therefore, we must empty all the buckets, coolers, pots so that the larvae of the Aedes mosquito is not able to breed around us. Also, when the mosquito bites a person suffering from dengue, the dengue virus enters the blood of that mosquito. After about one week, when this mosquito bites a healthy person, the dengue virus enters the blood of that person and infects him. The platelet count of that person goes very low. Other symptoms of dengue usually begin to show four to six days after infection. The symptoms last for up to ten days. The symptoms are :

• sudden high fever
• severe headache
• pain behind the eyes
• severe joint and muscle pain
• fatigue
• nausea
• vomiting
• skin rash which appears two to five days after the onset of fever
• mild bleeding (such as nose bleeding, bleeding gums or easy bruising)

You should therefore rest, drink plenty of fluids and see your doctor regularly. The doctor can diagnose dengue infection with a blood test. The best way to prevent the disease is to prevent mosquito bites by wearing long sleeves clothes so that the infected mosquito is unable to bite.

Activity 6.

Answer the following questions on the basis of the above passage.

1. How does dengue spread ?
2. How can you prevent dengue ?
3. What are the symptoms of dengue ?
4. Choose the correct option:
(a) The symptoms of dengue last upto …………… days
(i) two to five
(ii) upto ten
(iii) upto eight
(iv) four to six.

(b) The symptoms of dengue are :
(i) high fever
(ii) severe headache
(iii) fatigue
(iv) all of these.
Answer:
1. Dengue spreads through the bite of Aedes mosquito.
2. We can prevent dengue by not allowing the Aedes mosquito to breed around us. We should also save ourselves.
3. The symptoms are :

• sudden high fever
• severe headache
• pain behind the eyes
• severe joint pain and muscle pain
• fatigue
• nausea
• vomitting
• skin rash which appears two to five days after the onset of fever.
• mild bleeding (nose bleeding or gums bleeding).

4.
(a) (i) two to five.
(b) (iv) all of these.

Learning Language

Past Tense and Future Tense

In this chapter, we will continue with tenses. In the previous chapter, we did the Present tense. Now let’s look at Past tense and Future tense.

Past Tense

The Simple Past Tense or the Past Indefinite is used :

(a) to express that something was done or took place in the past time
Usually adverbs and adverb phrases like ‘yesterday’, ‘ago’, ‘last week’, “last month’, ‘last year’, etc. are associated with Simple Past Tense. For example :

• I saw him yesterday.
• He passed the exam last year.
• She was born in 1990.
• He died in 1992.

(b) to express a habitual action in the past, for example :

• As a child I played cricket.
• I was the captain of my team.

(c) to express an action actually going on at the past time stated, for example :

• While they bathed (were bathing), we fished (were fishing).

Past Continuous Tense

It is used to indicate that the action was still going on in the past time referred to. For example :

• When we reached there, she was singing.
• When you arrived, they were having lunch.
• She was cooking when the telephone rang.

Past Perfect:

Tenselt is used to denote an action which had been completed at some point in the past time before another action was commenced. For example :

• The train had left when we reached the station.
• The patient had died before the doctor arrived.
• The sun had set before we reached home.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

It is used to indicate that an action had continued for a certain time previous to the point of time named

• We had been waiting for you for two hours when you came.
• I had been writing for an hour when you came to see me.

Activity 7.

Fill in the blanks with the Simple Past Tense forms of the words given in the brackets :

Bahadur Singh smiled. He tossed his revolver in the air and …………….. (catch) it by the handle. He …………….. (take) a careful aim at an empty sardine can and ……………… (fire) another six shots. The bullets ……………. (go) through into the earth kicking up whiffs of dust. His Alsatian dog …………….. (begin) to bark with excitement. He ……………. (leap) up with a growl and ……………… (run) down the canal embankment. He …………… (sniff) at the tin and ………………. (take) it up in his mouth and ……..10…… (run) back with it and ……………… (lay) it at his master’s feet.
Answer:
1. caught 2. took, 3. fired, 4. went, 5. began, 6. leapt, 7. ran, 8. sniffed, 9. took, 10. ran, 11. laid.

Activity 8.

Fill in the blanks with the Simple Past, Past Continuous, Past Perfect forms of the verbs given in the brackets.

1. I ………….. an elephant on the way back home. (see)
2. Did he ……………… a letter to his father ? (write)
3. He ……………… to read when he was three. (learn)
4. When I saw him, he …………. a blue shirt. (wear)
5. ……………… they ……………… out yesterday ? (go)
6. The scooter …………….. a lot of money. (cost)
7. The First World War …………….. in 1919. (end)
8. When I met Aradhya, she ……………… at the bus stop. (wait)
9. Reema . ……….. first in the last test. (not stand)
10. Children ……………. away when they ……………. the policeman. (run, see)
11. The plane ………………. when we reached the airport. (leave )
12. Ramesh …………….. home when I phoned him. (return)
13. …………….. he ……………… his old car before he bought a new one ? (sell).
14. The children ……………… before I came home. (sleep).
15. The film had already begun when we ……………… the theatre. (reach)
16. The teacher … the book before the examination began. (finish)
17. The robber had run away before the police ………………. . (come)
18. Tom ……………… sleepy after having a good lunch. (feel)
19. I …………….. the message before you came. (receive)
20. He ………………. for India last year. (play)
Answer:
1. saw
2. was, writing
3. learnt
4. was wearing
5. Did, go
6. cost
7. ended
8. was waiting
9. did not stand
10. run, saw
11. had left
12. had returned
13. Had, sold
14. had slept
15. reached
16. had finished
17. came
18. felt
19. had received
20. played.

Future Tense

Simple Future Tense:

It denotes an action that is about to take place or an action that will take place in the future. For example :

• I shall do it now. (at once, immediately)
• We shall go there next week.
• Vandana will come here at 6 o’clock.

Future Continuous Tense:

It denotes an action going on at some point in the future timė.
For example :

• She will be singing then.
• I shall be taking my examination tomorrow at this time.

Future Perfect Tense:

It denotes that an action will be completed at some point of time in the future. For example :

• I shall have done my work before you come.
• The play will have begun before you get to the theatre.
• They will have spent all their money by then.

Future Perfect Continuous Tense:

It indicates that the action, whether finished or unfinished will have been in progress for sometime.
For example :

• We shall have been playing for three hours when you come here.
• Ashok will have been living in Japan for 10 years.

Activity 9

Put the verbs into the correct form (Simple Future).

Use ‘will. Ashu asked a fortune teller about her future. Here is what he told her :

1. You …………… (earn) a lot of money.
2. You ………………. (travel) around the world.
3. You ……………… (meet) lots of interesting people.
4. Everybody ……………… (adore) you.
5. You ….. (not / have) any problems.
6. Many people …………….. (serve) you.
7. They …………….. (anticipate) your wishes.
8. There ……………… (not / be) anything left to wish for.
9. Everything ……………… (be) perfect.
10. But all these things …………….. (happen) only if you marry me.
Answer:
1. will earn
2. will travel
3. will meet
4. will adore
5. will not have
6. will. serve
7. will anticipate
8. will be not
9. will be
10. will happen.

Activity 10.

Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the verb given in the brackets.

1. I was not feeling well. So I ……………. much. (not eat)
2. It was so cold at Almora, even water in the taps ……………… (freeze)
3. She assures me that she ………………. me in my work. (help).
4. We ……………… to Mumbai last week. (go)
5. I …………….. Bihar before the earthquake occurred. (leave)
6. He . …… home before the sun sets. (reach)
7. Dinesh ………………. if you invite him. (come)
8. At this time next Monday we ………….. your birthday. (celebrate)
9. When she visits school next month, I ………………. there for 10 years. (teach)
10. The inter school hockey tournament ……………. next Monday. (begin)
Answer:
1. will not eat
2. freeze
3. will help
4. went
5. had left
6. will have reached
7. will come
8. will be celebrating
9. will have been teaching
10. begins/will begin.

Learning to Listen

Activity 11.

You will listen to a voicemail message on your father’s mobile phone. Your father is in Delhi and has forgotten to take his mobile phone. He has another mobile phone with him. Make notes of what you hear. Expand the notes into a proper message that you will send him on his other mobile phone.

Main points of Voicemail Message	Text Message
Mohan Kumar from Bell Digital
Some of our products in the market
Demon in your office
Call when back
Phone No…………….
Send your e-mail
New brochure prices will be sent

I wanted to give you some information about our new products. We would like to give a demonstration of our new products in your office. Could you please call me when you are back in the office ? My phone number is 0-6-0-8-6-5-2-7-8-2-0.

Also, can you please send me your e-mail ? I would send you the new brochure of our company and information about our prices. My e-mail address is Mohan, that’s M-O-H-AN dot K-U-M-A-R at B-E-L-L hyphen D-I-G-I-T-A-L- dot com.

Learning to Speak

Activity 12.

Look at the pictures of food given below. These foods are from different countries. Identify the food and the country it comes from and speak 5 sentences on any one of the foods.

(Teachers must help students to identify the country, if required.)

Learning to Write

Activity 13.

Write a paragraph about the little boy of the story ‘Charge for Love’ to describe his character. You may write about.
1. his love for animals
2. his confidence
3. physical description
4. sympathetic nature
5. his understanding of self-worth.

The little boy is a kind hearted child. He has sympathetic nature. He is affectionate and loves animals. He himself is crippled. So he is very sympathetic toward the crippled puppy. He knows that there are no charges for love. Still he promises to pay the full price of the little dog. He is not ready to take it free of cost. Learning to Use the Language

Activity 14:

Rewrite a part of the story you have read in the form of a short dialogue between the shop owner and the little boy.

Little boy Shop owner Little boy Shop owner Little boy Shop owner Little boy Shop owner Little boy Shop owner Little boy Shop owner Little boy Shop owner Little boy Shop owner Little boy

Little boy: Are you selling your puppies ?
Shop owner: Yes son, do you want to buy a puppy?
Little boy: Yes, very much ! How much are you selling them for ?
Shop onwer: From 30 to 50 dollars each.
Little boy: But I have only 2.37 dollars and have a look on them with that.
Shop owner: With pleasure.
Little boy: Please call them out.
Shop owner: Here is Dolly with her four puppies.
Little boy: What is that stressing in the dog house?
Shop owner: It is a little puppy.
Little boy: Why is it hobbling and limpinge
Shop owner: It has no hip socket. It will only limp. It would always be loved.
Little boy: I want that one.
Shop owner: Why child. It will never play with you…
Little boy: Then look here. I am too lame and crippled. I see affection in its eyes.
Shop owner: You can take it free of cost.
Little boy: I will not. I will pay the full amount what it is worth. I can’t lower it price.

Comprehension Of Passages

Read the following passage and answer the questions given below each :

(1) A shop onwer had some puppies he wanted to sell. He painted a sign board to advertise his intention of selling the pups that said : ‘Puppies For Sale’. He set about nailing in on the wall. Boards like this always haye a way to attracting young children. As he was driving the last nail into the post. A boy saw the board and started walking towards the shop. He approached the owner and asked. “How much are you going to sell the puppies for ?”

The shop owner looked down into the eyes of the little boy “Well !” said the shop owner, as he wiped the sweat off the back of his neck. “These puppies come from fine parents and cost a good deal of money. So I will charge anywhere from $30 to $50 for each puppy.”

1. What did the shop owner want to sell ?
दुकान का मालिक क्या बेचना चाहता था ?

2. Why were the puppies costly, according to the shop owner ?
दुकानदार के अनुसार पिल्ले महंगे क्यों थे ?

3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your answer-book :
(a) The shop owner did not attend the boy.
(b) The boy wanted to buy a pup.

4. Complete the following sentences according to the meaning of the passage :
(a) A boy saw the board and started walking …………..
(b) He set about nailing it ………………
Or
Match the words with their meaning :

(i) A good deal	purpose
(ii) Intention	clear
	large

Answer.
1. The shop owner wanted to sell some puppies.
2. According to the shop owner, the puppies were costly because they were go the fine breed (नस्ल).
3.
(a) False
(b) True.
4.
(a) A boy saw the board and started walking towards the shop.
(b) He set about nailing it on the wall.
Or
(i) A good deal
(ii) Intention purpose

(2) The little boy pressed his face against the chain link fence. His eyes danced with delight. As the dogs made their way to the fence, the little boy noticed something else stirring inside the doghouse. Slowly, another little ball appeared; this one noticeably smaller.

Down the ramp it slid. Then in an awkward manner, the little pup began hobbling towards others, doing its best to catch up. Immediately the little boy singled out the hobbling and limping puppy and said, “What’s wrong with that little dog ?”

The shop owner explained that a veterinarian had examined the little puppy and discovered that it didn’t have a hip socket. It would always limp. It would always be lame.
“I want the one,” the little boy said, pointing the lame puppy.

The shop owner knelt down at the boy’s side and said, “Son, you want that puppy. It will never be able to run and play with you like these other dogs would. So if you really want him, I’ll just give it to you.”

1. What did the little boy notice inside the dog house?
लड़के ने कुत्ता-घर के अन्दर क्या बात नोटिस की ?

2. What was wrong with the little pup ?
छोटे पिल्ले को क्या समस्या थी ?

3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your answer book :
(a) The little pup slid down the ramp.
(b) The little boy wanted a healthy pup.

4. Complete the following sentences according to the meaning of the passage :
(a) Slowly and little ball ……
(b) The little boy’s eyes danced with.
Or
Match the words with their meaning :

(i) appeared	found
(ii) discovered	tested
	emerged.

Answer:
1. The little boy noticed something stirring inside the dog-house.
2. The pup had to hip-socked. So it was lame and could not walk properly.
3.
(a) True
(b) False
4.
(a) Slowly another little ball appeared.
(b) The little boy’s eyes danced with delight.
Or
(i) appeared — emerged
(ii) discovered — found.

(3) With tears in his eyes, the shop owner reached down and picked up the little pup. Holding it carefully he handed it on the little boy.
“How much ?” said the little boy.
“No charge, as I said earlier,” answered the shop owner. “These can be no charge for love.”
The little boy got quite upset. He looked straight into the store owner’s eyes, and pointing his finger at him and said, “You are right. There is no charge for love but I cannot lower its wroth by taking it without charge as if it was less than other puppies because it may not run as fast as them. This little dog is worth every bit as much as all the other dogs. I don’t want you to give him to me free of cost. I’ll pay the full price. I’ll give you $2.37 now and 50 cents a month until I have paid in full.”

1. Why did the shop owner want to charge nothing for the little pup ?
दुकानदार छोटे पिल्ले का कुछ भी मूल्य क्यों नहीं लेना चाहता था ?

2. Did the boy buy the pup free of cost ?
क्या लड़के ने पिल्ला मुफ्त में खरीदा ?

3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your answer-book :
(a) They did not want to lower the worth of the pup.
(b) The boy paid $ 50 for the little pup.

4. Complete the following sentences according to the meaning of the passage :
(a) The shop owner reached down and ….
(b) The little boy got ………..
Or
Write the meanings of the following words in English : (Any two)
Revealed, Twisted, Straight.
Answer:
1. He said that there is no charge for love.
The boys wanted to buy that pup out of love.
2. No, he promised to pay its full price.
3.
(a) True
(b) False.
4.
(a) The shop owner reached down and picked up the little pup.
(b) The little boy got quite upset.
Or
revealed – showed, twisted – bent, straight – directly.

Use of words and phrases in sentences

1. Set about – (started) – He set about his work carefully.
2. Revealed – (came to light) – At last the truth was revealed.
3. Upset – (rejected) – He was upset when he lost his job.
4. Understand – (to know) – I don’t understand what you want.
5. Handful – (in a less quantity) – Please give me a handful of sugar.
6. Crippled – (disabled) – Many people became crippled in the war.
7. Wiped – (cleared) – He wiped dirt off his body.
8. Worth – (value) – What is this beautiful picture worth.
9. Stirring – (movement – I can see some stirring in the tree.
10. Delight – (joy) – Helping the needy gives me delight.

Word Meanings

Charge for Love Summary in Hindi

A shop owner……….. looked.” he said.
एक दुकानदार के पास कुछ पिल्ले (कुत्ते के बच्चे) थे। वह उन्हें बेचना चाहता था। उसने पिल्लों को बेचने की अपनी इच्छा जाहिर करने के लिए एक साइन बोर्ड बनाया। इसमें लिखा था ‘बिक्री के लिए पिल्ले’। वह इसे दीवार पर कीलों द्वारा लगाने के लिए चल पड़ा। इस प्रकार के बोर्ड सदा छोटे बच्चों को आकर्षित करते हैं। जैसे ही वह

विज्ञापन पर आखिरी कील गाढ़ रहा था, एक बच्चे ने बोर्ड को देखा और दुकान की ओर चल पड़ा। वह मालिक के पास पहुंचा और पूछा, “आप पिल्लों को कितने में बेचना चाहते हैं।” . दुकान के मालिक ने नीचे झुक कर छोटे बच्चे की आंखों में देखा। उसने अपनी गर्दन के पीछे से पसीना पोंछते हुए कहा, “तो सुनो! ये पिल्ले अच्छी नस्ल के हैं और ये काफी कीमती हैं।

इसलिए मैं प्रत्येक का लगभग 30 से 50 डालर के बीच मूल्य लूंगा। बच्चे ने एक क्षण के लिए अपना सिर नीचे कर लिया। तब उसने अपने जेब में नीचे तक हाथ डाला और मुट्ठी भर खुले पैसे निकाल कर दुकान मालिक को आगे बढ़ा दिए। वह बोला, “मेरे पास 2.37 डालर हैं। क्या ये उन्हें देखने भर के लिए काफी हैं ?”

“Sure, said the shop owner …………. that little dog” ?

दुकान मालिक ने कहा, “निस्संदेह ! उसने एक सीटी बजाई। उसने आवाज़ लगाई डॉली यहां आओ।” डॉली कुत्ता-घर से निकली और ढलान पर दौड़ते हुए आगे आई। उसके पीछे-पीछे चार छोटे-छोटे फर वाले गोले आए। – छोटे बच्चे ने अपना चेहरा चेन वाली बाड़ से दबा लिया। उसकी आंखों में खुशी छा गई। जैसे ही कुत्ते बाड़ की ओर चले, छोटे बच्चे का ध्यान-कुत्ता घर में होने वाली कुछ और हलचल पर गया।

धीरे-धीरे एक और छोटा गोला दिखाई दिया, यह काफ़ी छोटा था।वह ढलान पर सरकने लगा। फिर एक अजीब तरीके से वह छोटा पिल्ला लंगड़ाकर अपनी पूरी कोशिश के साथ दूसरों के साथ मिल जाने के लिए चल पड़ा।तुरंत ही छोटे बच्चे ने लंगड़ाते हुए और लड़खड़ाते पिल्ले को चुन लिया और कहा, “उस छोटे कुत्ते को क्या हुआ है ?”

The shop owner ………… a big metal brace.

दुकान मालिक ने विस्तार से बताया कि एक पशु-चिकित्सक ने छोटे पिल्ले की जांच की थी। उसे पता चला कि उसकी हिप सॉकेट नहीं है। यह सदा लंगड़ा कर चलेगा। यह सदा लंगड़ा रहेगा। छोटे बच्चे ने लंगड़े पिल्ले की ओर इशारा करते हुए कहा, “मुझे वही-चाहिए।” दुकान मालिक बच्चे की ओर झुका और बोला, “बेटे, तुम्हें वह पिल्ला चाहिए। यह कभी भी तुम्हारे साथ भाग और खेल नहीं सकेगा जैसा कि ये दूसरे कुत्ते कर सकेंगे। इसलिए यदि तुम्हें सच में यही चाहिए तो मैं तुम्हें ऐसे ही दे दूंगा।”

इसके साथ ही वह छोटा बच्चा बाड़ से पीछे हटा, नीचे आया और अपनी एक टांग की पतलून को ऊपर की ओर मोड़ने लगा। यह करते हुए उसने दिखाया कि उसकी टांग के दोनों ओर स्टील-ब्रेसं (पट्टी) को विशेष रूप से बनाए गए जूते से जोड़ा गया था। उस समय उसकी हैरानी और भी बढ़ गई जब छोटा बच्चा अपनी दूसरी टांग की पतलून को ऊपर मोड़ने लगा। वह अपनी बुरी तरह से मुड़ चुकी अपंग बाईं टांग जो कि एक बड़ी मेटल ब्रेस की मदद से जुड़ी हुई थी, दिखाना चाहता था।

Looking up at ……………… paid in full.”

दुकान मालिक को देखते हुए उसने कहा, “आपने देखा श्रीमान, मैं स्वयं ठीक ढंग से भाग नहीं सकता और इस असहाय छोटे पिल्ले को भी कोई चाहिए होगा जो उसे समझ सके।” दुकान मालिक की आंखों में आंसू आ गए, वह नीचे आया और उसने छोटे पिल्ले को उठाया। उसने उसे छोटे बच्चे को पकड़ाते हुए कहा, ध्यानपूर्वक पकड़ना। छोटे बच्चे ने कहा, “कितने?” दुकान मालिक ने उत्तर दिया, “जैसा कि मैंने पहले कहा था कोई मोल नहीं। प्यार का कोई मोल नहीं।”

छोटा बच्चा परेशान हो उठा। उसने सीधा स्टोर मालिक की आंखों में देखा और उसकी ओर अंगुली करके कहा, “आप ठीक कह रहे हैं। प्यार का कोई मोल नहीं होता। परन्तु मैं इसको बिना मोल के लेकर इसका महत्त्व कम नहीं करना चाहता क्योंकि यह दूसरे पिल्लों के जैसे तेज़ नहीं भाग सकता। इस छोटे कुत्ते का उतना ही महत्त्व है जितना अन्य सभी कुत्तों का है। मैं नहीं चाहता कि आप इसे मुझे बिना मूल्य के दे दो। मैं इसका पूरा मूल्य दूंगा। मैं 2.37 डालर आपको अभी दूंगा और 50 सेंट हर महीने दूंगा जब तक कि मैं इसका पूरा मूल्य न दे दूं।”

Retranslation from english to hindi

1. A shop owner wanted to sell some puppies. — दुकानदार कुछ पिल्ले बेचना चाहता था।
2. He set about nailing it on the wall. — वह इसे दीवार पर कीलों द्वारा लगाने के लिए चल पड़ा।
3. These puppies come from fine parents. — ये पिल्ले अच्छी नस्ल के हैं।
4. The boy dropped his head for a moment. — बच्चे ने एक क्षण भर के लिए अपना सिर नीचे कर लिया।
5. He pulled out a handful of change. — उसने मुट्ठी भर खुले पैसे निकाले।
6. Is that enough to take a look ? — क्या ये उन्हें देखने भर के लिए काफी हैं ?
7. He let out a whistle. — उसने सीटी बजाई।
8. His eyes danced with delight. — उसकी आंखों में खुशी छा गई।
9. The little boy noticed something else stirring inside the doghouse. — छोटे बच्चे का ध्यान कुत्ता-घर में होने वाली किसी अन्य हलचल पर गया।
10. Down the ramp it slid. — वह ढलान पर सरकने लगा।
11. It didn’t have a hip socket. — उसकी हिप सॉकेट नहीं है।
12. It would always be lame. — यह सदा लंगड़ा कर चलेगा।
13. It will never be able to run and play with you — यह कभी भी तुम्हारे साथ भाग और खेल नहीं सकेगा।
14. The little boy got quite upset. — छोटा बच्चा परेशान हो उठा।
15. I don’t want you to give him to me free of cost.– मैं नहीं चाहता कि आप इसे मुझे बिना मूल्य के दे दो।

English Guide for Class 8 PSEB Prose

• Value of Money Question Answer
• The Aged Mother Question Answer
• Saint Ravidas Ji Question Answer
• The Old Sage and the Brothers Question Answer
• The Punjab: A Glimpse Question Answer
• Charge for Love Question Answer
• Safety While Driving Question Answer
• Marco Polo Question Answer

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions Chapter 4 Mountaineers Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 7th English Solutions Chapter 4 Mountaineers Question Answers

Mountaineers Class 7 Questions and Answers

Activity 1

Look up the following words in a dictionary. You should seek the following information about the words and put them in your WORDS notebook.
1. Meaning of the word as used in the lesson (adjective/noun/verb, etc.)
2. Pronunciation (The teacher may refer to the dictionary or the mobile phone for correct pronunciation.)
3. Spellings

sea-level	achievement	feat	climber	mountaineer
summit	scale	expedition	felicitated	dedicated
trek	acclimatization	starved	deter	adventurous

Vocabulary Expansion

Activity 2

Make meaningful sentences of the words given below :

1. sea-level – A hill is a part of land above sea-level.
2. achievement – Ashoka won great achievements.
3. mountaineer – I want to become a mountaineer.
4. summit – There is a summit within us too.
5. expedition – The went on a hunting expedition.
6. felicitated – The brave children were felicitated with a big reward.
7. dedicated – I am fully dedicated to my parents.
8. acclimatization – None can survive without acclimatization to the atmoshpere.
9. starved – The poor man starved without food.
10. adventurous – Mountaineering is something adventurous.

Learning to Read and Comprehend

Activity 3

Read and answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Who was the first Indian to climb Everest ?
ऐवरेस्ट पर चढ़ने वाला पहला भारतीय कौन था ?
Answer:
Captain Avtar Singh Cheema was the first Indian to climb Mount Everest.

Question 2.
Who led the 1965 Indian Expedition to Mount Everest ?
1965 में माउंट एवरेस्ट पर जाने वाले भारतीय अभियान का नेतृत्व किसने किया?
Answer:
Commander M.S. Kohli led that expedition.

Question 3.
When did the first Indian reach the peak ?
चोटी पर पहला भारतीय कब पहुंचा ?
Answer:
The first Indian reached the peak on May 20, 1965.

Question 4.
Which awards did Captain Cheema receive ?
कैप्टन चीमा को कौन-से पुरस्कार दिये गये ?
Answer:
Captain Cheema received Arjuna Award and Padma Shri.

Question 5.
What is the oxygen-starved area of the mountains called ?
‘पर्वतों का ऑक्सीजन की कमी वाला क्षेत्र क्या कहलाता है ?
Answer:
It is called ‘Death Zone’.

Activity 4

Choose the most appropriate option from the given four :

Question 1.
The highest point on the planet is ………
(a) Kanchenjunga
(b) Mount Everest
(c) Kilimanjaro
(d) K2.
Answer:
(b) Mount Everest

Question 2.
The height of Mount Everest above sea-level is …………….
(a) 30,102 feet
(b) 29,000 feet
(c) 29,028 feet
(d) 20,196 feet
Answer:
(c) 29,028 feet.

Question 3.
The first people to stand on top of Mount Everest were …..
(a) Kohli
(b) Sir Edmund Hillary
(c) Tenzing Norgay
(d) Both (b) & (c)
Answer:
(d) Both (b) & (c)

Question 4.
The first Indian to summit Mount Everest was …………..
(a) Kohli
(b) Tenzing Norgay
(c) Sir E. Hillary
(d) Colonel Avtar Singh Cheema
Answer:
(d) Colonel Avtar Singh Cheema

Question 5.
Colonel Avtar Singh Cheema was the ………….. person in the world to scale the peak.
(a) 20th
(b) 16th
(c) 1st
(d) 3rd
Answer:
(b) 16th

Question 6.
Both Cheema and Kohli were felicitated by the Indian Government with ……………
(a) Nishan-e-Khalsa
(b) Dronacharya Award
(c) Vir Award
(d) Arjuna Award
Answer:
(d) Arjuna Award

Question 7.
A postage stamp was dedicated to the success of the …………… Everest Expedition.
(a) 1933
(b) 1965
(c) 1989
(d) 1970.
Answer:
(b) 1965

Question 8.
The route between 26,000-29,020 feet is called the ………
(a) last zone
(b) upper zone
(c) death zone
(d) middle zone.
Answer:
(c) death zone.

Learning Language

Pronouns

Let us revisit the pronouns :
Noun या Noun Phrase के स्थान पर प्रयोग किए जाने वाले शब्द pronouns कहलाते हैं।
We use a pronoun to avoid repetition of a noun or a noun phrase. The words such as ‘they’, ‘she’, ‘her’, ‘he’ and ‘it’ are pronouns.

Subject and Object Pronouns :
Subject pronouns which are: ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, ‘we’ and ‘they’. Of course, we use ‘you’ when we are talking to one person and also when we are talking to more than one person. Observe the use of subject pronouns. They are the subject of a verb.

Note: S = Subject, V = Verb, O = Object 1.

Object Pronouns :
These are: ‘me’, ‘you’, ‘him’, “her”, “it’, ‘us’ and ‘them’. ‘It’ and ‘you are the same when they are subject pronouns or object pronouns.

We use them after prepositions.

1. It’s important to him.
2. How money students will come with you ?
3. Look at me!
4. The tiffin is for her.
5. I am looking forward to it.
6. Would you like to come with us ?
7. Rita makes dinner for them.

3. We use them after ‘be’ verb (is , am , are , was, were).
1. Who’s there ? It’s me!
2. It’s you.
3. This is him.
4. It was her !
5. It was them.

4. We use them for short answers .
1. A: Who is at the door ? B: Me!
2. A: Who ate the mango ? B: Her ! .
3. A: Call her. I’m hungry. B: Me too.

5. With short answers, we can also use a subject pronoun + a verb
1. A: Who’s there? B: I am !
2. A: Who ate the mango ? B: She did !
3. A: I’m hungry. B: I am too.

6. We use them after “as’ and ‘than’ for comparison.
1. He’s as tall as me.
2. She’s prettier than her

7. We can also use the subject pronoun +a verb in the same situation.
1. He’s taller than I am.
2. She’s prettier than she is.

8. We use them after ‘but’ and ‘except’.
1. Everybody went home early but me. (me = I didn’t)
2. Everybody reached their except you.

Activity 5

Study the box below. Fill in the blanks that follow to complete the sentences.

1. Do you know that girl ? Do you know ____ ?
2. My sister and I have enough food____ can all share.
3. Raj and Reema are late ____ should hurry.
4. He gave a beautiful gift ____ I really like it.
5. Buffalos are very big so ____ eat a lot of food.
6. My sister is studying hard because ____ has a test tomorrow.
7. Are you okay? Can I help —
8. My new neighbours are very helpful. I really like
9. I want to read my book. Where did you keep
10. I’m busy right now. Could you please call —after an hour ?
11. He gave me a pen but lost it.
12. We gave money to the shopkeeper and he gave — milk.
13. I don’t eat junk food because __ isn’t healthy.
14. Who is she? Do you know ___ name?
Answer:
1. her
2. we
3. They
4. me
5. they
6. she
7. you
8. them
9. it
10. me
11. I,
12. us
13. it
14. her.

Activity 6

Your teacher will speak some words from the passage. Listen carefully and find the words in the grid below and encircle them. The first one has been done for you.

Achievement

Learning to Speak

Activity 7

Let us practise some tongue twisters. Your teacher will say a word or a phrase or a sentence. You will repeat after your teacher.
Example :
Teacher : seashore
Students : seashore
Teacher : by the seashore
Students : by the seashore
Teacher : seashells by the seashore
Students : seashells by the seashore
Teacher : She sells seashells by the seashore
Students : She sells seashells by the seashore
Now, practise the following tongue twisters with your teacher.
1. Red leather, yellow leather.
2. Kitty caught the kitten in the kitchen.
3. Not these things here, but those things there.
4. I can think of six thin things, but I can think of six thick things too.
5. The big bug bit the little beetle, but the little beetle bit the big bug back.
नोट : अध्यापक के साथ मिलकर अभ्यास करें।

Learning to Write

Writing Notices

A notice should contain all the necessary details such as:
1. Name of the issuing authority (school, etc.)
2. Date of issue/release of the notice
3. Title/Subject of the Event (what?)
4. BODY-purpose/event/date/time/duration/place or venue (why, what, when, where and whom)
5. Authorized signatory : Name and signature (contact details)

Format of a Notice

Name of the issuing agency/authority NOTICE Date of issue/Release of the notice Title/Subject of the Event BODY (purpose/event/date/time/duration/place or venue) Signatures (Name) Designation

नोट :-ध्यान से अध्ययन करें कि Notice कैसे लिखना है। नीचे दी गई बातों का भी ध्यान रखें :

1. लिखने का उद्देश्य स्पष्ट हो।
2. 50 शब्दों से अधिक न लिखें। अपने उद्देश्य पर ही केंद्रित रहें।
3. कुछ भी बार-बार लिखने से बचें।
4. Notice को Box में लिखें। Box का नमूना Pencil से बनाएं।
5. “Notice” तथा “Title” Capitals (बड़े अक्षरों) में लिखें।
6. Notice का शीर्षक अर्थपरक हो।
7. Notice में 5 w’s – ‘what’ , ‘why’, ‘when’ , ‘where’ and ‘who’ होने चाहिएं।

Activity 8.

You are the Principal of your school. Write a notice mentioning that your school is going to hold a science exhibition on the 15th of next month. It is mandatory for all the students to participate and make a science project. Final selection of science projects will take place a week before the exhibition. The class teachers will select the best three projects in each class.

A.B.C. High School Notice March 12, 2020 SCIENCE EXHIBITION Our school is going to held a science exhibition on 15th of next month in the school hall. All the students must participate in it. Each student should bring a science project of his/her own. The best three projects in each class will be selected a week before the exhibition. Sd/- ………… Principal

Learning to use Language

Look at the following information as in (January 2020) about Virat Kohli.

Activity 9

Study the chart above and answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What is the highest score of Virat Kohli in First Class Cricket ?
Answer:
It is 254 not out against South Africa.

Question 2.
What is his batting average in One Day Internationals ?
Answer:
It is 59.85.

Question 3.
How many sixes has Virat Kohli hit in Test Cricket till now ?
Answer:
22

Question 4.
How many runs has he made in One Day Internationals ?
Answer:
11,702

Question 5.
How many centuries has he hit in Twenty 20 Internationals ?
Answer:
He has hit no century in Twenty 20 internationals.

Activity 10

Write 6-8 sentences on Virat Kohli’s performance in Test Cricket. Use the information in the chart given above to write the paragraph. Begin your paragraph with :

Virat Kohli is one of the greatest batsmen today. He is the captain of Team India. He has played 84 Tests so far and has scored 7202 runs in 141 Innings. His highest score is 254 not out against South Africa. His average run rate is 54.97. In Test Cricket he has scored 12,457 balls and hit 27 centuries and 22 50’s hitting 805 fours and 22 sixes. In 10 Tests Kohli remained not out.

Comprehension Of Passages

Read the followings passages carefully and answer the questions that follow each :

(1) Mount Everest is the highest point on the planet at 29,028 feet above sea level. For many people, reaching Mount Everest peak is a once-in-a-lifetime achievement. This kind of feat requires huge funds, very tough training and very good luck. The first people to stand on the top of Everest were a local climber Tenzing Norgay and Sir Edmund Hillary, a mountaineer from New Zealand in 1953. Since then, a lot of people have achieved this feat. Some of them are from India too.

1. Name the highest point on earth with its height above sea level.
धरती के सबसे ऊंचे बिन्दु का नाम तथा उसकी समुद्र-तल से ऊँचाई बताएं।

2. Who were the first two people (persons) to scale it ?
इस पर पहुंचने वाले पहले दो व्यक्ति कौन थे ?

3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your note-book.
(a) Mount Everest is a once-in-a-lifetime achievement.
(b) The highest peak on our planet has never been scaled after 1953.

4. Complete the sentences according to the meaning of the passage.
(a) Since then ……….. have achieved this feat.
(b) This kind of feat requires ………. funds and ………. luck.

5. Match the words with their meanings.

(a) requires	achieves
(b) funds	needs
	money

Answer:
1. Mount Everest is the highest point on earth. It is 29,028 feet high above the sea level.
2. The first two people to scale it were a local climber Tenzing Norgay and a New Zealander Sir Edmund Hillary.
3.
(a) True
(b) False
4.
(a) Since then a lot of people have achieved this feat.
(b) This kind of feat requires huge funds and very good luck.
5.
(a) requires — needs
(b) funds — money

(2) The first Indian to summit Mount Everest was Captain Avtar Singh Cheema (1933-1989) on May 20, 1965. He was a captain in the 7th Bn Parachute Regiment at that time. Later, he was promoted to the post of a Colonel. He was also the 16th person in the world to scale the peak.

He was a part of the third Indian Expedition led by Commander M.S. Kohli and others. Kohli was an officer in the Indo-Tibetan Border Police. Both Cheema and Kohli were felicitated by the Indian Government with Arjuna Award. They also received Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan respectively. Kohli was also given Nishan-e-Khalsa by the Punjab Government. A postage stamp was dedicated to the success of the 1965 Everest Expedition.

1. Mention any two achievements of Captain Cheema.
कैप्टन चीमा की किन्हीं दो सफलताओं का उल्लेख कीजिए।

2. Who was M.S. Kohli ?
M.S. Kohli कौन था ?

3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your note-book.
(a) Mr. Kohli could not win Arjuna Award.
(b) Mr. Kohli received Padma Bhushan for his achievement.

4. Complete the sentences according to the meaning of the passage.
(a) A postage stamp was dedicated to the success of
(b) Kohli was also given …………. by the Punjab government.

5. Match the words with their meanings.

(a) summit	devoted/allocated
(b) dedicated	top/peak
	flop

Answer:
1. Captain Cheema was the first Indian to reach the Mount Everest. He was also the 16th person in the world to scale this peak.
2. M.S. Kohli was an officer in the Indo-Tibetan Border Police.
3.
(a) False
(b) True
4.
(a) A postage stamp was dedicated to the success of the 1965 Everest Expedition.
(b) Kohli was also given Nishan-e-Khalsa by the Punjab Government.
5.
(a) summit — top/peak
(b) dedicated — devoted/allocated.

(3) Climbing Everest Peak is not for untrained mountaineers. It is extremely dangerous. The trek to the summit (peak of Everest) takes months of physical training and weeks of acclimatization and adjusting to the physical condition. Climbers need to get used to the oxygen-starved heights of the mountain. The route between 26,000 and 29,020 feet is called the “death zone”. At this height, the body cannot get enough oxygen and begins to die minute by minute. This distance must be covered in less than a day to avoid damage to the body.

1. Climbing Everest Peak is not for untrained people. Why ?
ऐवरेस्ट शिखर पर चढ़ना अप्रशिक्षित लोगों का काम नहीं है। क्यों ?

2. What happens to the body in the death zone’ ?
‘ मौत के क्षेत्र ‘ में शरीर के साथ क्या होता है।

3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your note-book.
(a) Climbers need to get used to oxygen-starved heights of the mountain.
(b) The trek to the Everest needs no physical training.

4. Complete the sentences according to the meaning of the passage.
(a) The route between …………. and …………. feet is called the “death zone”.
(b) The distance of the …………… must be covered in less than a day.

5. Match the words with their meanings.

(a) extremely	highly
(b) damage	usually
	harm

Answer:
1. It is not for untrained people because it is very dangerous.
2. In the death zone, body begins to die minute by minute for lack of oxygen.
3.
(a) True
(b) False
4.
(a) The route between 26,000 and 29,020 feet is called the “death zone”.
(b) The distance of the death zone must be covered in less than a day.
5.
(a) extremely – highly
(b) damage – harm.

Use Of Words/Phrases In Sentences

1. Feat (Something adventurous)-
The cyclist showed many feats with his bicycle.
साइकिल चलाने वाले ने अपने साइकिल के साथ कई कमाल दिखाए।

2. Climber (mountaineer) –
Many climbers have reached the highest peak of the world.
कई पर्वतारोही (चढ़ाई करने वाले लोग) संसार की सबसे ऊंची चोटी तक जा पहुंचे हैं।

3. Scale (climb) –
It is not easy to scale the Himalayas.
हिमालय पर चढ़ना कोई आसान काम नहीं है।

4. Deter (put off/stop/detain)
The rain did not deter the students from coming to school.
वर्षा ने छात्रों को स्कूल आने से नहीं रोका।

5. Peak (mountain top/summit)-
A mountain is a high-land with a peak.
पर्वत ऊँचा भू-भाग होता है जिसकी एक चोटी होती है।

6. Wait for (held back for)-
I am waiting for my friend.
मैं अपने मित्र का इंतजार कर रहा हूं।

7. Dangerous (full of risk)-
This pond is deep and dangerous.
यह तालाब गहरा और खतरनाक है।

Word Meanings:

Mountaineers Summary in Hindi

Mount Everest …………………….. Scale the peak.

माऊंट एवरेस्ट इस ग्रह की सबसे ऊँची चोटी है जो समुद्र तल से 29,028 फुट ऊँची है। बहुत से लोगों के लिए माऊंट ऐवरेस्ट की चोटी पर चढ़ना जीवन भर की एक उपलब्धि है। इस तरह के साहसिक कार्य के लिए बड़ी धनराशि, कठिन प्रशिक्षण और बहुत अच्छे भाग्य की आवश्यकता होती है। 1933 में ऐवरेस्ट के शिखर (चोटी) पर सबसे पहले पहुँचने वालों में एक स्थानीय पर्वतारोही तेंजिंग नोरगे और न्यूजीलैंड के पर्वतारोही सर एडमण्ड हिलेरी थे।

तब से बहुत से लोगों ने यह कमाल कर दिखाया है। उनमें से कुछ भारतीय भी हैं। 20 मई 1965 को माऊंट एवरेस्ट के शिखर पर पहुँचने वाले कप्तान अवतार सिंह चीमा (1933-1989) पहले भारतीय थे। वह उस समय सातवीं बटालियन पेराशूट रेजीमेंट में कप्तान थे। बाद में उन्हें कर्नल के पद पर पदोन्नत कर दिया गया। वह शिखर पर पहुँचने वाले विश्व के 16वें व्यक्ति भी थे।

He was a part …………………… adventurous spirit.

वे कमांडर एम०एस० कोहली और कुछ अन्य के नेतृत्व में चलाए गए तीसरे भारतीय अभियान का हिस्सा थे। कोहली इंडो-तिब्बत बार्डर पुलिस में आफिसर थे। भारत सरकार ने चीमा और कोहली दोनों को अर्जुन पुरस्कार से सम्मानित किया। उन्हें क्रमशः पद्दमश्री और पद्म भूषण भी दिया गया। पंजाब सरकार ने कोहली को निशानए-खालसा से भी सम्मानित किया। 1965 के ऐवरेस्ट अभियान की सफलता के उपलक्ष्य में एक डाक टिकट भी जारी किया गया।

ऐवरेस्ट शिखर पर चढ़ना अप्रशिक्षित पर्वतारोहियों का काम नहीं है। यह अत्यन्त खतरनाक है। अभियान (ऐवरेस्ट शिखर) पर जाने के लिए महीनों का शारीरिक प्रशिक्षण, तथा (अनुकूलन) होना और भौतिक परिस्थितियों के अनुसार अपने आप को ढालने के लिए कई तरह का अभ्यास चाहिए। पर्वतारोहियों को कम आक्सीजन वाली पहाड़ी-चोटियों के लिए अभ्यस्त होना चाहिए। 26,000 और 29,020 फुट के बीच के रास्ते को “मौत का क्षेत्र” कहा जाता है। इस ऊँचाई पर शरीर को पर्याप्त आक्सीजन नहीं मिलती और यह क्षण प्रति क्षण कमजोर होता जाता है। यह दूरी एक दिन से कम समय में तय कर ली जानी चाहिए ताकि शरीर को कोई नुकसान न पहुँचे।

इन खतरों के बावजूद भी माऊंट एवरेस्ट पर जाने वाले पर्वतारोहियों की संख्या बढ़ रही है। यह संख्या इतनी अधिक बढ़ चुकी है कि पर्वातारोहियों को शिखर पर खड़े होने के लिए अपनी बारी की घंटों प्रतीक्षा करनी पड़ती है। ‘मौत के क्षेत्र’ में उनका यह अतिरिक्त समय उनके खतरे को बढ़ाता है परन्तु साहसिक कार्य के प्रति उनके उत्साह में कोई कमी नहीं आती।

Retranslation Of Isolated Sentences

1. Mount Everest is the highest point on the planet.
माऊंट एवरेस्ट इस ग्रह का सबसे ऊंचा बिन्दु है।

2. This kind of feat requires huge foods
मा नाता के साहसिक कार्य के लिए बड़ी धनराशि की जरूरत होती है।

3. Some of them are from India too.
उनमें से कुछ भारतीय भी हैं।

4. The first Indian to summit Mount Everest was Captain Avtar Singh Cheema.
उनमें से कुछ भारतीय भी हैं। माऊंट एवरेस्ट के शिखर पर पहुँचने वाले पहले भारतीय । थे कप्तान अवतार सिंह चीमा।

5. He was also the 16th person in the world to scale the peak.
वह शिखर पर पहुंचने वाले विश्व के 16वें व्यक्ति भी थे।

6. A postage stamp was dedicated to the success of 1965 Everest Expedition.
1965 के ऐवरेस्ट अभियान की सफलता के उपलक्ष्य में एक डाक टिकट भी जारी किया गया।

7. It is extremely dangerous.
यह अत्यन्त खतरनाक है।

8. The route between 26,000 and 29,020 · feet is called the death Zone”.
26,000 और 29,020 फुट ऊँचाई के बीच के रास्ते को “मौत का क्षेत्र” कहा जाता है।

9. The distance must be covered in less than a day.
इस दूरी को एक दिन से कम समय में पूरा कर लिया जाना चाहिए।

English Guide for Class 7 PSEB Prose

• Rent for Water Question Answer
• Birbal’s Khichdi Question Answer
• A Glass of Milk Question Answer
• Mountaineers Question Answer
• The Princess Who Never Smiled Question Answer
• A Treasure Hunt Question Answer
• A Hole in the Fence Question Answer
• Hachiko-The World’s Most Loyal Dog Question Answer

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class English Book Solutions English Literature Book Chapter 5 How Much Land Does A Man Need? Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 10th English Literature Book Chapter 5 How Much Land Does A Man Need? Question Answers

How Much Land Does A Man Need? Class 10 Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What did the two women discuss ? Were they related to each other ?
Answer:
The two women discussed about town life and village life. Both of them were sisters. The elder one spoke in praise of town life. The younger one praised country life.

उन दोनों औरतों ने शहरी जीवन और ग्रामीण जीवन के बारे में विचार-विमर्श किया। वे दोनों बहनें थीं। बड़ी ने शहरी जीवन की प्रशंसा की। छोटी ने ग्रामीण जीवन की प्रशंसा की।

Question 2.
What did one woman say in defence of rural life ? What was the counter argument ?
Answer:
She said that rural life could be rough, but it was free from anxiety. Villagers might never grow rich, but they always had enough to eat. But the other woman boasted of the town life.

उसने कहा कि ग्रामीण जीवन कठिनाई-पूर्ण हो सकता है, परन्तु यह चिन्ता मुक्त होता है। ग्रामीण. लोग चाहे कभी धनी न बन सकें, परन्तु उनके पास खाने के लिए सदा काफी रहता है। परन्तु दूसरी औरत ने शहरी जीवन की डींग मारी।

Question 3.
Pakhom listened to the women’s chatter. He started brooding and reached a conclusion. What was the conclusion ?
Answer:
Pakhom did not have enough land. He thought that if he had plenty of land, he would not fear the Devil himself. And he decided to buy some more land.

पाखोम् के पास पर्याप्त ज़मीन नहीं थी। उसने सोचा कि यदि उसके पास काफ़ी ज़मीन हो जाए तो वह स्वयम् शैतान से भी नहीं डरेगा। और उसने कुछ और ज़मीन खरीदने का मन बनाया।

Question 4.
What did the Devil decide when he heard Pakhom’s musings?
Answer:
The Devil decided to give Pakhom enough land. And by means of that land, he decided to get Pakhom into his power.

शैतान ने पाखोम् को काफी ज़मीन देने का फैसला किया। और इस भूमि के द्वारा उसने पाखोम् को अपने पंजे में करने का फैसला किया।

Question 5.
The estate-owner, on whose land Pakhom was a tenant, sold her land. Who bought the land ?
Answer:
One of Pakhom’s neighbours bought fifty acres of the land. Pakhom also arranged to buy forty acres of that land.

पाखोम् के एक पड़ोसी ने उस ज़मीन के पचास एकड़ खरीद लिए। पाखोम ने भी चालीस एकड़ खरीदने का प्रबन्ध कर लिया।

Question 6.
How did Pakhom manage to put together the money for buying the land ?
Answer:
Pakhom sold his colt and one half of his bees. He hired out one of his sons as a labourer and took his wages in advance. He also borrowed some money from his brother-in-law.

पाखोम् ने अपना बछेड़ा (घोड़े का बच्चा) और आधी मधुमक्खियां बेच दी। उसने अपने पुत्र को कहीं मज़दूर लगवा दिया और उसका वेतन पेशगी ले लिया। उसने अपने बहनोई से भी कुछ पैसा उधार लिया।

Question 7.
Pakhom met a stranger one day. Who was this stranger ? What information did he give to Pakhom ?
Answer:
This stranger was a peasant. He told Pakhom that he had come from beyond the Volga. He said that the land there was very fertile. The rye sown on it grew as high as a horse.

यह अजनबी एक किसान था। उसने पाखोम् को बताया कि वह वोल्गा नदी के पार से आया था। उसने कहा कि वहां पर की जमीन बहुत उपजाऊ थी। इस पर उगाई गई राई एक घोड़े जितनी ऊंची हो जाती थी।

Question 8.
A trader told Pakhom something about the land of Bashkirs. What was it ?
Answer:
He told Pakhom that the Bashkirs had plenty of land. It was near a river and was very fertile. They sold it at a very low price – 13,000 acres for only 1,000 roubles.

उसने पाखोम् को बताया कि बशकीर लोगों के पास काफ़ी ज़मीन थी। यह एक नदी के नज़दीक थी और बहुत उपजाऊ थी। वे इसे बहुत कम कीमत पर बेच देते थे -.13,000 एकड़ केवल 1,000 रूबल में।

Question 9.
Who were the Bashkirs ? How did Pakhom make friends with them ?
Answer:
The Bashkirs were very simple people. They lived in tents. They had plenty of land. Pakhom made friends with them by giving them various gifts.

बशकीर लोग बहुत सीधे-सादे थे। वे तम्बुओं में रहते थे। उनके पास काफ़ी ज़मीन थी। पाखोम् ने उन्हें विभिन्न उपहार देकर उनसे मित्रता कर ली।

Question 10.
Bashkirs wanted to repay Pakhom for his gifts. What did Pakhom want from them ?
Answer:
Pakhom wanted from them their land. It was for this purpose only that he had come there.

पाखोम् उनसे उनकी ज़मीन चाहता था। वह केवल इसी उद्देश्य के लिए वहां पर आया था।

Question 11.
‘Our price is always the same : one thousand roubles a day, the chief said. What did he mean ?
Answer:
The Bashkirs did not sell their land by acres. They sold it by the day. It meant one could have for one thousand roubles as much land as one could walk round in one day.

बशकीर लोग अपनी ज़मीन एकड़ों के हिसाब से नहीं बेचते थे। वे इसे दिन के हिसाब से बेचते थे। इसका मतलब था कि व्यक्ति एक हज़ार रूबल में उतनी ज़मीन प्राप्त कर सकता था, जितनी ज़मीन का वह पैदल चल कर एक दिन में चक्कर काट सकता था।

Question 12.
On what condition did the chief agree to sell land to Pakhom ?
Answer:
For one thousand roubles, Pakhom could have as much land as he could walk round in a day. But there was one condition. He had to come back to the starting point before sunset.

एक हज़ार रूबल देकर पाखोम् एक दिन में जितनी भी जगह का चलकर चक्कर काट सकता था, उसे प्राप्त कर सकता था। परन्तु वहां एक शर्त थी। उसे सूर्यास्त से पहले उसी जगह पर वापस आना था, जहां से वह चला था।

Question 13.
What is the moral of the story ?
Answer:
Man’s physical needs on this earth are not many. Yet he keeps hungering for them all his life. He never feels satisfied till he meets his end.

इस धरती पर मनुष्य की भौतिक आवश्यकताएं अधिक नहीं होती हैं। फिर भी वह सारा जीवन उनके लिए तड़पता रहता है। वह सन्तुष्ट नहीं होता जब तक उसकी मृत्यु नहीं हो जाती।

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
The two women discussing about village and town life were
(i) friends
(ii) sisters
(iii) neighbours
(iv) enemies.
Answer:
(ii) sisters

Question 2.
The Bashkirs had plenty of ……………
(i) cattle
(ii) money
(iii) land
(iv) gold.
Answer:
(iii) land

Question 3.
How much land did Pakhom manage to buy from the estate owner ?
Answer:
Forty acres

Question 4.
Pakhom was a very …………… man.
(i) helpful
(ii) greedy
(iii) kind
(iv) selfish.
Answer:
(ii) greedy

Question 5.
Pakhom was dead in the end. (True/False)
Answer:
True

Question 6.
Pakhom borrowed some money from his brother-in-law. (True/False)
Answer:
True

Question 7.
Pakhom met a stranger who was a peasant. (True/False)
Answer:
True

Answer each of the following in one word / phrase / sentence :

Question 1.
Who is the writer of the story ?
Answer:
Leo Tolstoy.

Question 2.
What is the story about ?
Answer:
About the sin of greed.

Question 3.
Were the two women discussing about the town and village life ?
Answer:
Yes, they were.

Question 4.
How were the two women related to each other ?
Answer:
Both of them were sisters.

Question 5.
What did Pakhom decide ?
Answer:
To buy some more land.

Question 6.
Who purchased the estate-owner’s land ?
Answer:
Pakhom.

Question 7.
How did Pakhom arrange to buy the land ?
Answer:
By selling his colt and half of his bees.

Question 8.
Who told Pakhom something about the land of Bashkirs ?
Answer:
A trader.

Question 9.
Who were Bashkirs ?
Answer:
They were very simple people.

Question 10.
What sum was agreed upon to sell land to Pakhom ?
Answer:
One thousand roubles.

Complete the following:

1. The elder woman spoke ……….. .. town life.
2. Pakhom thought if he had plenty of land, he would not fear …………..
3. The Devil decided to give Pakhom ….
4. The stranger told that he had come from beyond …………..
5. One of Pakhom’s neighbours bought ……………… acres of land.
6. Pakhom was supposed to come back to the starting point before the sun had …
7. Pakhom met a stranger one day. The stranger was a ………..
Answer:
1. in favour of
2. the Devil
3. enough
4. the Volga
5. fifty
6. set
7. peasant.

Write True or False against each statement :

1. Pakhom did not have enough land.
Answer:
True

2. The younger woman praised town life.
Answer:
False

3. Pakhom purchased the estate-owner’s land.
Answer:
True

4. The Bashkirs lived in palaces.
Answer:
False

5. The Bashkirs did not sell their land by acres.
Answer:
True

6. Man never feels satisfied till his death.
Answer:
True

Choose the correct option for each of the following:

1. Man wants more and more of ……………..
(a) greed
(b) wealth
(c) education
(d) satisfaction.

2. What were the two women discussing ?
(a) The town life and village life.
(b) Domestic problems
(c) Military life.
(d) Kashmir issue.

3. Pakhom borrowed money from his …..
(a) maternal uncle
(b) neighbour
(c) colleague
(d) brother-in-law.

4. Pakhom wanted from the Bashkirs ……………
(a) their land
(b) their clothes
(c) their guns
(d) their horses.

How Much Land Does A Man Need? Summary & Translation in English

How Much Land Does A Man Need? Introduction:
This story by Leo Tolstoy is about the sin of greed. Man’s material needs on this earth are not many. Yet he troubles himself all his life. He wants more and more of wealth. He runs from one sin to the other till he meets his end. Tolstoy has illustrated this idea through the story of Pakhom. Pakhom had an insatiable greed for land.

The more land he had, the more greedy he grew. Once he said, “If I had plenty of land, I shouldn’t fear the devil himself.” On hearing this, the devil decided to try his strength against Pakhom. He thought that he would give Pakhom as much land as he desired, and thus get him into his power. In course of time, Pakhom came to have 125 acres of land, yet he was not satisfied.

He came to know about the land of Bashkir people. There he could get for 1000 roubles as much land as he could go round on his feet in one day. In his greed, he exerted himself too much. Yet he did not stop. He fell down dead just when he had completed the circuit. A grave was dug for him. Six feet from head to heels was all that Pakhom needed. Thus Tolstoy shows that greed brings man’s ruin.

How Much Land Does A Man Need? Summary & Translation in Hindi

How Much Land Does A Man Need? Introduction:
लियो टालस्टाए द्वारा लिखित यह कहानी लालच की बुराई के सम्बन्ध में है। इस धरती पर मनुष्य की भौतिक आवश्यकताएं अधिक नहीं होती हैं। फिर भी वह आयु-भर अपने आप को तड़पाता रहता है। वह अधिकाधिक दौलत प्राप्त करना चाहता है। वह एक पाप से दूसरे पाप की ओर भागा चला जाता है तथा अन्त में अपने अन्त को प्राप्त हो जाता है। टालस्टाए ने इस विचार को पाखोम् की कहानी द्वारा स्पष्ट किया है। पाखोम् के मन में ज़मीन प्राप्त करने के लिए न सन्तुष्ट हो सकने वाला लालच भरा हुआ था।

उसके पास जितनी अधिक ज़मीन होती जाती, वह उतना ही अधिक लालची होता जाता। एक बार उसने कहा, “यदि मेरे पास बहुत-सी ज़मीन हो जाए, तो मैं स्वयम् शैतान से भी नहीं डरूंगा।” यह सुनकर शैतान ने अपनी शक्ति उस पर आज़माने का निश्चय किया। उसने सोचा कि वह पाखोम् को जितनी भी ज़मीन वह चाहेगा, दे देगा और इस प्रकार उसे अपने शिकंजे में फंसा लेगा। कुछ समय के बाद पाखोम् के पास 125 एकड़ भूमि हो गई, परन्तु फिर भी वह सन्तुष्ट न हुआ। उसे बशकीर लोगों की जमीन के विषय में पता लगा।

वहां पर वह 1000 रूबल में उतनी ज़मीन प्राप्त कर सकता था जितनी ज़मीन का वह पैदल चल कर एक दिन में चक्कर काट सकता था। अपने लालच में उसने स्वयम् को बहुत थका लिया। परन्तु वह फिर भी नहीं रुका। ठीक उसी समय, जब उसने अपना चक्कर पूरा कर लिया था, वह मर कर गिर पड़ा। उसके लिए कब्र खोदी गई। सिर से पांव तक पाखोम् को केवल छः फुट की ज़रूरत थी। इस प्रकार टालस्टाए यह दिखाता है कि लालच मनुष्य का विनाश ले आता है।

How Much Land Does A Man Need? Summary & Translation in Hindi:

कहानी का विस्तृत सार

दो बहनें थीं। बड़ी का विवाह शहर में एक व्यापारी के साथ हुआ था। छोटी का विवाह गांव में एक किसान के साथ हुआ था। एक बार बड़ी बहन अपनी छोटी बहन से मिलने के लिए उसके गांव में आई। दोनों बहनें चाय पीते हुए बातें करने लगीं। बड़ी बहन ने शहरी जीवन के लाभों के बारे में डींगें मारनी शुरू कर दी। उसने कहा कि वे शहर में खाने और पहनने को बहुत अच्छी चीजें प्राप्त कर सकते थे। वहां मनोविनोद के बहुत- से साधन थे।

छोटी बहन को बहुत बुरा महसूस हुआ। उसने बदले में एक व्यापारी के जीवन में दोष निकालने शुरू कर दिए तथा उसकी अपेक्षा एक किसान के जीवन को बेहतर ठहराया। उसने यह स्वीकार किया कि शहरी लोग अधिक धन कमा सकते हैं, किन्तु उनका जीवन चिन्ताओं से भरा होता है। उसने कहा कि यद्यपि किसान का शरीर मोटा नहीं होता, किन्तु उसका जीवन लम्बा अवश्य होता है। उसने कहा, “हम कभी धनी तो नहीं बन सकते हैं, किन्तु हमारे पास खाने के लिए सदा पर्याप्त रहेगा।”

छोटी बहन का पति, जिसका नाम पाखोम् (Pakhom) था, पास बैठा दोनों बहनों की बातें सुन रहा था। अपनी पत्नी के मुंह से किसान के जीवन की जोरदार प्रशंसा सुन कर उसे बहुत गर्व महसूस हुआ। वह एक किसान के जीवन से पूरी तरह सन्तुष्ट था। यद्यपि किसान का जीवन व्यस्त तथा कठिन परिश्रम वाला होता है, किन्तु यह प्रत्येक प्रकार की बुराई से मुक्त होता है। पाखोम् ने अपने मन में सोचा, “हमारी एकमात्र कठिनाई यह है कि हमारे पास पर्याप्त भूमि नहीं है। यदि मेरे पास बहुत-सी ज़मीन होती, तो मैंने स्वयं शैतान से भी नहीं डरना था।” इस सारे समय के दौरान शैतान पाखोम् के पिछली ओर बैठा हुआ था। उसने वे सब बातें सुन ली जो वहां की जा रही थीं। उसे इस बात पर बहुत प्रसन्नता हुई कि किसान की बीवी ने अपने पति के मन में घमंड पैदा कर दिया था। शैतान ने पाखोम् पर अपनी शक्ति परखने का निश्चय कर लिया। उसने सोचा कि वह पाखोम् को बहुत-सी ज़मीन दे देगा और इस प्रकार उसे अपने पंजे में फंसा लेगा।

पाखोम् के गांव के समीप ही एक औरत रहती थी। उसके पास 300 एकड़ ज़मीन की जायदाद थी। वह एक बहुत भद्र और दयालु-हृदय स्त्री थी। एक शीत-ऋतु के दिनों में यह समाचार फैल गया कि वह औरत अपनी ज़मीन बेच रही थी। पाखोम् को बहुत ईर्ष्या महसूस हुई जब उसे पता चला कि उसका पड़ोसी पचास एकड़ जमीन खरीद रहा था। उसके पास केवल एक सौ रूबल (रूस में प्रचलित मुद्रा) थे। उसने अपनी एक घोड़ी और आधी मधुमक्खियां बेच दीं। उसने अपने लड़कों में से एक को कहीं नौकर लगवा दिया और उसका वेतन पेशगी ले लिया। शेष धन-राशि उसने अपने एक सम्बन्धी से उधार ले ली।

यह सब करने के बाद पाखोम् उस औरत के पास गया। उसने 40 एकड़ भूमि के एक टुकड़े के लिए उसके साथ सौदा कर लिया। उसने आधे पैसे नकद दे दिए और शेष राशि दो वर्ष के अन्दर चुकता करने का वचन दे दिया। इस प्रकार पाखोम् के पास अब अपनी निजी भूमि हो गई। उसने कहीं से बीज उधार ले लिए और ज़मीन में बो दिए। फसल बहुत अच्छी हुई और एक ही वर्ष के भीतर पाखोम् ने पूरा ऋण चुकता कर दिया।

एक दिन पाखोम् अपने घर में बैठा हुआ था कि वहां एक किसान आया। पाखोम्. ने किसान को अपने पास रात गुजारने की इजाजत दे दी। उसने किसान को भोजन भी खिलाया। किसान ने पाखोम् को बतलाया कि वह एक किसान था तथा वोल्गा नदी के दूसरी ओर से आया था। बहुत-से लोग वहां आ कर बस रहे थे। कोई भी व्यक्ति जिसके पास धन हो, वह दो शिलिंग प्रति एकड़ की दर से जितनी ज़मीन चाहे, खरीद सकता था। उसने बताया कि वहां ज़मीन इतनी उपजाऊ थी कि इस पर बोये हुए अनाज की फसल एक घोड़े जितनी ऊंची उग आती थी।

पाखोम के दिल में प्रबल इच्छा भर आई। उसने अपना मकान, अपने पश तथा अपनी सारी ज़मीन बेच डाली। वहां उसने नई भूमि खरीदी। यह भूमि अनाज की उपज के लिए बहुत अच्छी थी। पाखोम् ने वहां अपनी आवश्यकतानुसार इमारत खड़ी कर ली और पशु भी खरीद लिए। वह अब पहले की अपेक्षा दस गुणा धनी हो गया था।

आरम्भ में तो पाखोम् अपने नए जीवन से बहुत प्रसन्न था। किन्तु जब वह इस का आदी हो गया तो वह सोचने लग गया कि यहां भी उसके पास पर्याप्त ज़मीन नहीं थी। वह गेहूं बोने के लिए अधिक, तथा और अधिक जगह प्राप्त करना चाहता था। हर वर्ष वह अन्य लोगों से ज़मीन किराए पर ले लेता था। मौसम ठीक होने के कारण उसे फसलें बहुत अच्छी प्राप्त हुईं। उसने पैसे बचाने शुरू कर दिए। किन्तु पाखोम् हर वर्ष अन्य लोगों की ज़मीन किराए पर लेने की मजबूरी से तंग आ गया। उसने गेहूं बोने के लिए अधिक भूमि खरीदने का निश्चय कर लिया। अचानक उसे एक ऐसा किसान मिल गया जो अपनी 1300 एकड़ जमीन बेचना चाहता था। पाखोम् ने सौदा कर लिया और 1500 रूबल पर मूल्य निश्चित हो गया। इस में से कुछ राशि नकद तथा शेष राशि बाद में दी जानी थी।
ठीक जिस समय सौदा पक्का किया जाना था, उस गांव में से एक व्यापारी गुजरा। वह अपने घोड़ों के वास्ते चारा प्राप्त करने के लिए पाखोम् के यहां आ कर रुका। उसने पाखोम् के साथ बैठ कर चाय पी, और उन्होंने

एक-दूसरे से बातें कीं। व्यापारी ने पाखोम् को बतलाया कि वह बशकीर लोगों के प्रदेश से आ रहा था जहां उसने केवल 1000 रूबल में 13000 एकड़ जमीन खरीदी थी। पाखोम् ने तुरन्त बशकीर लोगों के प्रदेश जाने का निश्चय कर लिया। उसने अपनी पत्नी को घर की देखभाल करने के लिए छोड़ा, और एक नौकर को साथ लेकर अपनी यात्रा पर निकल पडा।

पाखोम् तथा उसका नौकर सात दिन तक यात्रा करते रहे। अन्त में वे बशकीर लोगों के प्रदेश में पहुंच गए। ज्योंहि बशकीर लोगों ने पाखोम को देखा वे अपने तम्बुओं में से बाहर निकल आए। वे बहुत प्रसन्न लग रहे थे। उन्होंने अपने अतिथि का बड़े स्नेह से स्वागत किया। पाखोम् ने कुछ उपहार अपने छकड़े में से निकाले और बशकीर लोगों में बांट दिए। इसी दौरान बशकीर मुखिया भी वहां आ पहुंचा। पाखोम् ने कुछ सुन्दर उपहार मुखिया को भी दिए। फिर उसने उन लोगों को अपने वहां आने का उद्देश्य समझाया। मुखिया ने पाखोम् से कहा कि वह 1000 रूबल प्रति दिन के हिसाब से जितनी ज़मीन चाहे, खरीद सकता था। पाखोम् को मुखिया की 1000 रूबल प्रति दिन के हिसाब वाली बात समझ में न आई।

उसने मुखिया से पूछा, “जमीन मापने की यह कौन-सी इकाई होती है ? इसमें कितने एकड होते हैं ?” मुखिया ने उत्तर दिया कि उन्हें एकड़ों में मापना नहीं आता था। इसलिए वे दिनों के हिसाब से ज़मीन बेचते थे। मुखिया ने अपनी बात को इस प्रकार से कह कर स्पष्ट किया, “तुम अपने पैरों से चल कर एक दिन में जितनी भी जगह का चक्कर काट लोगे, वह तुम्हारी हो जाएगी, इसकी कीमत 1000 रूबल प्रति दिन होगी। किन्तु इसमें एक शर्त है। यदि तुम उसी दिन उस स्थान पर वापस पहुंच नहीं पाते जहां से तुम चले थे तो तुम्हारे पैसे ज़ब्त कर लिए जाएंगे। तुम जितना बड़ा चक्कर चाहो, काट सकते हो किन्तु सूर्य डूबने से पहले तुम्हें उस स्थान पर लौटना होगा जहां से तुम चले थे। वह सारी ज़मीन, जिस का तुम चक्कर काट लोगे, तुम्हारी हो जायेगी।” __ पाखोम् को यह सब सुन कर बहुत प्रसन्नता हुई। यह फैसला हो गया कि अगली प्रातः पाखोम् चलना शुरू करेगा। पाखोम् इतना उत्तेजित था कि उस रात को वह सो न सका। वह अपने मन में यही हिसाब-किताब लगाता रहा कि वह कितनी जगह का चक्कर काट पाएगा। वह रात-भर जागता रहा और प्रभात होने से थोड़े ही समय पहले उसकी आंख लग गई। सुबह उसने तुरन्त अपने नौकर को जगाया और बशकीर लोगों को बुलाने के लिए चल पड़ा।

वे सभी एक पहाड़ी पर पहुंच गए। चारों और असीमित भूमि फैली थी जो अति उपजाऊ थी। मुखिया ने पाखोम् से कहा, “जितनी दूरी तक तुम्हारी आंखें देख रही हैं, यह सब जगह हमारी है। तुम इसका जो भी भाग चाहो, ले सकते हो।” पाखोम् की आंखें चमकने लगीं। मुखिया ने टोपी उतारी, इसे ज़मीन पर रखा तथा कहने लगा, “यह निशान होगा। यहां से शुरू हो जाओ और लौट कर यहीं पहुंच जाओ। जितनी भी जगह का तुम चक्कर काट लोगे, तुम्हारी हो जाएगी।”

पाखोम ने अपने पैसे निकाल कर टोपी पर रख दिए। ज्योंहि सूर्य क्षितिज से ऊपर उठा, उसने चलना शुरू कर दिया। उसने अपने साथ कुछ रोटी और पानी की एक सुराही ले ली। ज़मीन के हर मोड़ पर निशान खोदने के लिए उसने अपने साथ एक फावड़ा भी ले लिया। आरम्भ में पाखोम् न तो बहुत धीरे और न ही बहुत तेज़ चला। एक हज़ार गज़ चलने के बाद उसने एक गड्ढा खोदा। इस निशान को और अधिक नज़र आ सकने योग्य बनाने के लिए उसने वहां घास वाली मिट्टी की एक ढेरी बना दी। पाखोम् ने अब अपनी गति और तेज कर दी।

गरमी बढ़ रही थी। उसने अपना कोट उतार कर कन्धे पर रख लिया। पाखोम् तीन मील तक चलता गया। फिर उसने मुड़ कर पीछे देखा। वह पहाड़ी मुश्किल से ही दिखाई दे रही थी। इस पर खड़े लोग काली चींटियों जैसे लग रहे थे। पाखोम् ने एक गड्ढा खोदा और वहां घास वाली मिट्टी की एक और ढेरी बना दी।

पाखोम् को अब थकावट महसूस होने लगी।
उसने सूर्य की ओर देखा तो पता चला कि अब दोपहर हो गई थी। वह कुछ आराम करने के लिए बैठ गया। बाद दोपहर पाखोम् ने शेष दूरी सीधी रेखा में दौड़ कर पूरी करने का निश्चय कर लिया।

पाखोम् ने जल्दी से एक गड्ढा खोदा और फिर सीधा पहाड़ी की ओर चल पड़ा।
वह अब मुश्किल से ही चल पा रहा था। गर्मी की वजह से उस का बुरा हाल हो गया था। उसके पैर कट गये थे और उनमें घाव हो गए थे। उसकी टांगें जवाब देने लगीं और उसे यह भय हो गया कि कहीं थकावट से उसकी मौत न हो जाए। फिर भी पाखोम् रुका नहीं। उसने अपना कोट, अपने बूट, अपनी सुराही और अपनी टोपी – सब फेंक दिए। उसने अपने पास केवल फावड़ा ही रखा क्योंकि इससे उसे चलने में सहारा मिलता रहा था। जब वह पहाड़ी के समीप पहुंचा तो सूर्य डूबने ही वाला था। पाखोम् ने एक लम्बी सांस भरी और पहाड़ी के ऊपर की ओर दौड़ पड़ा।

पाखोम् चोटी पर पहुंच गया और उसने वहां पड़ी हुई टोपी देखी। वह आगे की ओर गिर पड़ा और उसके हाथ टोपी तक पहुंच गये। मुखिया ने चिल्ला कर कहा, “वाह, कितना अच्छा आदमी है। उसने बहुत सारी जगह हासिल कर ली है।”

पाखोम् का नौकर दौड़ता हुआ आगे आया। उसने अपने स्वामी को ऊपर उठाने की कोशिश की, किन्तु पाखोम् तो मर चुका था। उसके मुंह से खून बह रहा था।

नौकर ने फावड़ा लिया और इतनी बड़ी कब्र खोदी जिसमें पाखोम् को दफनाया जा सके।
फिर उसने अपने स्वामी को इस में दफना दिया। पाखोम् को अपने सिर से लेकर एड़ियों तक के लिए केवल छ: फुट जगह की ही ज़रूरत थी।

Class 10th English Literature Book PSEB Supplementary Reader

• Bed Number-29 Question Answer
• Half A Rupee Worth Question Answer
• One Thousand Dollars Question Answer
• The Dying Detective Question Answer
• How Much Land Does A Man Need? Question Answer
• Return to Air Question Answer

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions Chapter 7 A Hole in the Fence Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 7th English Solutions Chapter 7 A Hole in the Fence Question Answers

A Hole in the Fence Class 7 Questions and Answers

Activity 1.

Look up the following words/phrases in a dictionary. You should seek the following information about the words and put them in your WORDS notebook.
1. Meaning of the word as used in the story (adjective/noun/verb, etc.)
2. Pronunciation (The teacher may refer to the dictionary or the mobile phone for correct pronunciation.)
3. Spellings

fence	advised	control	hammer	accept
decrease	discover	temper	scar	wound

Vocabulary Expansion

Activity 2

Solve the crossword puzzle given below. Read the hints (meanings) for the words given under ‘Across’ and ‘Down’. The words are from the story.

Answer:

Across →
5. able to manage
6. find something new
8. to take something
9. barrier
10. a mark on the skin

Down ↓
1. hit something hard
2. a tear in the skin
3. become lesser or smaller
4. guiding someone
5. a state of being angry or calm

Activity 3.

Answer the following questions as briefly as you can.

Question 1.
Why did the boy have no friends ?
लड़के के दोस्त क्यों नहीं थे ?
Answer:
The boy had no friends because he always used a bad language in a fit of anger.

Question 2.
Why were his parents worried ?
उसके माता-पिता क्यों चिंतित थे ?
Answer:
His parents were worried because he had a bad temper.

Question 3.
Whạt task did his father give him to do ?
उसके पिता ने उसे कौन-सा कार्य करने को दिया ?
Answer:
His father gave him a bag of nails and hammer and said, “Every time you lose your temper you must hammer a nail into the back of the fence.

Question 4.
How did it help the boy ?
इसने लड़के की मदद कैसे की ?
Answer:
By hammering nails, he discovered that it was easier to control the anger than to drove nails.

Question 5.
What did his father tell him after he had taken out all the nails ?
जब लड़के ने सभी कील निकाल दिए तो पिता ने उस बच्चे को क्या बताया ?
Answer:
The father told him that a wound given with the words is as bad as the one given with a knife.

Question 6.
What is the moral of the story?
कहानी से क्या शिक्षा मिलती है ?
Answer:
We should be polite to others and use kind words.

Activity 4.

Write ‘True’ or ‘False’ in the space given against each statement.

1. The boy had many friends. — (False)
2. He had a habit of using bad language. — (True)
3. His mother came up with a plan to help him. — (False)
4. The boy hammered nine nails into the fence on his first day — (False)
5. The boy never learned to control his temper — (False)

Activity 5

Select the correct option and fill it in the given blank.

Question 1.
The little boy was …………………. by other boys.
(a) popular
(b) liked
(c) disliked.
Answer:
(c) disliked.

Question 2.
The boy had no friends because ………….
(a) he used bad language
(b) he bullied other boys
(c) he would hit small boys.
Answer:
(a) he used bad language

Question 3.
His father thought of a/an …..
(a) advice to give him
(b) task to give him
(c) reason for his behaviour.
Answer:
(a) advice to give him

Question 4.
The father asked the boy to … whenever he felt angry.
(a) count from 1-10
(b) drive a nail into the fence
(c) pull out a nail from the fence.
Answer:
(b) drive a nail into the fence

Question 5.
The father was able to …. ….. him a lesson about good behaviour.
(a) show
(b) teach
(c) make.
Answer:
(b) teach.

Learning Language

Sentence and its Types

Read the following sentences or groups of words.
1. Amit is a good actor.
2. Where are you going?
3. Seema works very hard.
4. What a beautiful day!
5. Chandigarh is the capital of Punjab.
Please note that all these sentences:
1. begin with capital letters
2. end with a full stop (.), a question mark (?) or an exclamation mark (!)
Notice that these groups of words make complete sense.
Sentence शब्दों का सार्यक समूह होता है।
Now, read the following group of words:
pot flowers The are in
इस शब्द समूह का कोई अर्थ नहीं है।
Now read the same words in another order :
The flowers are in the pot.
यह शब्द समूह पूरा अर्थ देता है | इसलिए यह राक sentence है

Activity 6.

Rearrange the following groups of words and punctuate to make meaningful sentences

Question 1.
ferocious lions animals are.
Answer:
Lions are ferocious animals.

Question 2.
love grandparents a my me lot.
Answer:
Grandparents love me a lot.

Question 3.
is my best Rajan friend.
Answer:
Rajan is my best friend.

Question 4.
Mercury system in is the hottest the planet solar.
Answer:
Mercury is the hottest planet in the solar system.

Question 5.
is the Ganges sacred a river.
Answer:
The ganges is a sacred river.

Activity 7

Make meaningful sentences by using the following words.

1. building – This is a tall building.
2. chair – The chair is made of wood.
3. dance – She likes to dance.
4. walk – Morning walk is good for health.
5. dictionary – I have an English, Punjabi dictionary.

Types of Sentences.

Sentences are of four types: Declarative, Interrogative, Imperative and Exclamatory.

1. Declarative sentences tell something or make a statement. A full stop (.) is used at the end of such sentence.
2. Interrogative ये वाक्य कोई प्रशन पूछते है | इनके अन्त question mark (?) “INT GIRI
3. Imperative : These sentences are either requests or commands. They tell someone to do something. They also end with a full stop.
4. Exclamatory : These sentences show a feeling and exclamation mark (!) mark is used at the end of such sentence.

Activity 8

Identify the type of sentence and write it in the given space.

1. Will the guests be late ? — Interrogative
2. She scored a century. — Declarative
3. I have completed my work. — Declarative
4. Read this book now. — Imperative
5. The trip was exciting ! — Exclamatory
6. Who went to Delhi ? — Interrogative
7. Shut the door. — Imperative
8. What a cute dog ! — Exclamatory
9. Butter is better than jam. — Declarative
10. Brush your teeth. — Imperative I

Activity 9

Identify each type of sentence and explain your answer.

1. The students went on an educational trip.
Type : Declarative.
Reason : It is a statement.

2. Shall we go to the Thunder Zone Theme Park ?
Type : Interrogative.
Reason : It asks a question.

3. We must try to be on our best behaviour for the next two months.
Type : Declarative
Reason : It is a statement.

4. The dog ate the biscuit.
Type : Declarative.
Reason : It is a statement.

5. Wow, I have won the lottery !
Type : Exclamatory
Reason : This shows a feeling and uses an exclamation mark at the end.

6. How far away is the park from the school ?
Type : Interrogative
Reason : It asks a question and has a question mark at the end.

7. Let’s go back soon or we will miss the train !.
Type : Exclamatory
Reason : This gives a suggestion and warning.

8. Stop asking questions.
Type : Imperative
Reason : It gives a command.

9. Let’s go to the party!
Type : Exclamatory
Reason : It gives a suggestion.

10. The students wondered why they were going to the amusement park.
Type : Declarative.
Reason : It is a statement.

Learning to Listen

Activity 10

Listen to your teacher’s instructions on how to grow a plant. Try to write as you listen. After 5 minutes, your teacher will speak again. Complete your activity while listening to the process the second time.
You will need
1. seeds of your choice such as pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds, lima beans or pinto beans
2. good quality soil
3. a container to hold the soil and your seeds
4. water
5. light and heat Now write all the steps with their description in the grid given below.
Description de Take some seeds of pumpkin or sunflower Use good quality soil. Take a container to hold the soil and seeds. Water the soil and the seeds.
Put the container in the open for light and heat. Learning to Speak
Answer:

Steps	Description
1.	Take some seeds of pumpkin or sunflower
2.	Use good quality soil.
3.	Take a container to hold the soil and seeds.
4.	Water the soil and the seeds.
5.	Put the container in the open for light and heat.

Activity 11 (Pairwork) 

Based on your listening activity and your notes in the grid above, discuss with your partner the process of how a seed becomes a plant. You can also take hints from the diagram given below.

Answer:
1. Fill the container with soil.
2. Plant the seeds in the soil.
3. Keep the container at a warm place. Sunlight is good but try to avoid too much direct sunlight. A window sill is a good spot.
4. Keep the soil moist by watering it every day.
5. Be careful not to use too much water.
6. Record your observations as the seeds germinate and seedlings begin to sprout from the seeds.

Learning to Write

Personal Letters Letters written to one’s parents, relatives and friends are called personal letters. Format of Personal Letters 1. The Heading (your address and date): 13 Mall Road Ludhiana 15 June 20_ _ 2. The Salutation: Dear Anu, Dear Daddy, Dear Brother, etc. 3. The Body: whatever your want to tell 4. The Ending: (For parents and siblings) Yours affectionately/ Your affectionate son; Yours lovingly/Your loving son ; (For friends or known)Yours sincerely

Specimen of a Personal Letter

Write a letter to your friend inviting him to attend the wedding party of your elder brother.

Activity 12.

Imagine that you are Neeraj. Write a letter to your cousin telling him/her how you helped a friend used to overcome his habit of using bad language. You may share with your friend the idea you used to stop him from using bad language.
Answer:
105 The Mall,
Amritsar,
June, 20, 2020.
Dear Navjot,
I received your letter yesterday. I want to tell you about a friend of mine who had a bad temper. He used bad words even in his routine talks. This bad habit earned him a bad name. No one liked to talk to him. So I hit upon a plan to reform him. Whenever he used a bad word, I objected to it and made him to say ‘sorry’. Gradually, he got tired of his sorries. He began to control his speech. Within a week, he was speaking a kindly and softly. It was a great change which made both of us happy and surprised.
Your loving brother
Neeraj

Learning to Use Language

Activity 13

Look at the picture given below. In the given space, describe what is happening in the picture.

Water-Cycle
The picture shows the water-cycle in nature. Water in oceans, ponds, rivers and other water evaporates due to heat. The vapour gets mixed with the air. The air becomes light and goes up. Clouds are formed.

Trees cool down the clouds and the vapour get condensed into water drops, hailstones etc. They being heavy drop down on earth. It is called precipitation. All this is water. It flows down on the ground and get collected in the water bodies again. Hence, the completion of the cycle.

Comprehension Of Passages

Read the following passages carefully and answers the questions that follow each :

(1) Once there was a little boy who lived with his parents in a small village. His parents were worried because he had a bad temper. He had no friends because he always used bad language in a fit of anger. His parents advised him many times to control his anger but he did not pay attention.

The father kept thinking and then he got an idea. The next day, his father gave him a bag of nails and a hammer. He said to him, “Every time you lose your temper, you must hammer a nail into the back of the fence.” The boy accepted the task happily.

1. Why were the boy’s parents worried ?
लड़के के माता-पिता चिंतित क्यों थे ?

2. What task did his father gave him ?
उसके पिता ने उसे क्या काम करने को दिया ?

3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your note book.
(a) The boy refused to do the job.
(b) His boy lived in a small village ?

4. Complete the sentences according to the meaning of the passage.
(a) He always used bad language in ………..
(b) Her father gave him a ………….. and a hammer.

5. Match the words with their meanings.

(a) temper	idea
(b) accepted	agreed to
	nature.

Answer:
1. The boy’s Parents were worried because he had a bad temper.
2. His father asked him to hammer a nail into the back of the fence every time he lost his temper.
3.
(a) False
(b) True.
4.
(a) He always used bad language in a fit of angers.
(b) His father gave him a bag of nails and a hammer.
5.
(a) temper – nature
(b) accepted – agreed to

(2) Every time, the boy felt angry, he ran to the fence and drove a nail into it. The first day, the boy had driven thirty nails into the fence. After a few days, the number of nails started decreasing. Over the next few weeks, he discovered that it was easier to control his anger than to drive those nails into the fence. Finally, the day came when the boy did not lose his temper at all.

He had not hammered any nail into the fence. He told his father about it. The father gave him one more task to do. He asked the boy to pull out one nail for each day that he was able to hold his temper. The days passed and the little boy was finally able to tell his father that all the nails were gone.

1. How many nails did the boy push into the fence the first day?
पहले दिन लड़के ने दीवार में कितने कील गाड़े ?

2. What did the boy discover after a few weeks?
कुछ सप्ताह बाद लड़के को क्या पता चला ।।

3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your notebook.
(a) The boy could not control his anger?
(b) Pulling out of a nail meant no anger.

4. Complete the sentence according to the meaning of the passage.
(a) The boy finally told his father that ………. were gone.
(b) After a few day, the number of nails

5. Match the words with their meaning.

(a) discovered	control
(b) hold	realized
	push

Answer:
1. The first day, the boy pushed thirty nails into the fence.
2. He discovered that it was easier to control his anger than to drive nails into the fence.
3.
(a) False
(b) True.
4.
(a) The boy finally told his father that all the nails were gone.
(b) After a few days the number of nails started decreasing
5.
(a) discovered-realized
(b) hold-control

(3) The father led the little boy to the fence. He said, “You have done well, my son. Now, look at these holes in the fence. The fence will never be the same again.” The boy looked at his father and said, “I did it because you asked me to.

“I know”, said the father, “when you say things in anger, they leave a scar just like this one. You can put a knife in a man and draw it out. It won’t matter how many times you say you are sorry, the wound will always be there. A wound given with your words is as bad as the one given with a knife.”

1. What did the father show his son ?
पिता ने अपने पुत्र को क्या दिखाया ?

2. What lesson did the father teach his son ?
पिता ने अपने पुत्र को क्या सबक दिया ?

3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your note book.
(a) The fence will never be the same again.
(b) The father led to little boy to school.

4. Complete the sentence according to the meaning of the passage.
(a) When you say things in …………., they …………. a scar.
(b) The wound will ………….

5. Match the words with their meanings :

(a) wound	mark
(b) Scar	bad words
	Injury

Answer:
1. The father showed holes in the fence to his son.
2. The father tought his son that a wound given with words is as a bad as the one given with
a knife.
3.
(a) True
(b) False.
4.
(a) When you say things in anger, they leave a scar.
(b) The wounds will always be there.
5.
(a) wound-injury
(b) scar –mark

Use Of Words/Phrases In Sentences

1. Pay attention (listen to)—
Pay attention to what I say.
मैं जो कहता हूँ उसकी ओर ध्यान दो।

2. Scar (mask, spot)
Hammer this nail into the door.
यह कील दरवाजे में गाड़ दो।

3. Hammer (v) (Push)
Hammer this nail into the door.
यह कील दरवाजे में गाड़ दो।

4. Decrease (lesser)
His pain decreased after some time.
उसकी दर्द कुछ देर बाद कम हो गई।

5. Hold (Contol, put a check on –
Hold your tongue.
अपनी जुबान सम्भालो।

6. Control (hold)
Try to control your anger.
अपने गुस्से पर काबू पाने की कोशिश करो।

7. To say sorry (to regret) —
You must say sorry when you misbehave.
गंदा व्यवहार करने पर तुम्हें खेद जताना चाहिए।

8. Accept (acknowledge)
you must accept your mistake.
तुम्हें अपनी गलती स्वीकार कर लेनी चाहिए।

9. Advise (to suggest) —
I advised him to work hard.
मैंने उसे परिश्रम करने का सुझाव दिया।

Word Meaning.

A Hole in the Fence Summary in Hindi

Once there was ………………. nails were gone.

एक बार एक छोटा-सा लड़का था जो अपने माता-पिता के साथ एक छोटे से गाँव में रहता था। उसके माता पिता उसके बुरे स्वभाव के कारण चिंतित थे। उसका कोई मित्र नहीं था क्योंकि वह क्रोध में आकर अभद्र भाषा का प्रयोग करता था। उसके माता-पिता ने उसे क्रोध पर अंकुश लगाने के लिए बहुत बार समझाया।

परन्तु वह कोई ध्यान नहीं देता था। पिता निरंतर सोचते रहते थे और तभी उन्हें एक विचार सूझा। अगले दिन उसके पिता ने उसे कीलों का एक थैला और हथौड़ा दिया। उन्होंने उससे कहा, “जितनी बार भी तुम्हें क्रोध आये तुम बाड़ (गेट की दीवार) के पीछे कील लगा देना।” बच्चे ने यह काम खुशी-खुशी स्वीकार कर लिया। जब भी बच्चे को क्रोध आता वह गेट की दीवार की ओर भाग कर जाता और उसमें एक कील गाड़ देता।

पहले दिन बच्चे ने चार दीवारी में तीस कील गाड़े। कुछ दिनों बाद कीलों की संख्या कम होने लगी। अगले कुछ सप्ताह में उसने अनुभव किया कि क्रोध पर नियंत्रण पाना कील गाड़ने से अधिक आसान था। अन्ततः एक दिन ऐसा आया जब बच्चे को बिल्कुल भी क्रोध नहीं आया। उसने दीवार में कोई भी कील नहीं गाड़ा था।

उसने इसके बारे में अपने पिता को बताया। उसके पिता ने उसे एक और काम करने के लिए दिया। उन्होंने कहा जिस किसी दिन तुम क्रोध पर काबू रखो, उस दिन एक कील निकाल लेना। दिन बीतते गए और छोटा लड़का अपने पिता की आखिरकार यह बताने के योग्य हो गया कि सभी कील निकल गए हैं। .

The father led ………….. words be kind !

पिता छोटे लड़के को दीवार की ओर ले गए। उन्होंने कहा, “मेरे बच्चे, तुमने बहुत अच्छा काम किया है। अब, दीवार में सुराखों को देखो। यह दीवार कभी-भी पहले जैसी नहीं हो सकती।” लड़के ने अपने पिता को देखा और कहा, “मैंने यह काम इसलिए किया क्योंकि आपने मुझे ऐसा करने को कहा था।” पिता ने कहा, “मैं जानता हूँ। जब तुम क्रोध में होते तो तुम जो कुछ भी कहते हो, वह इसी तरह निशान छोड़ जाता है।

तुम एक आदमी को चाकू मार दो और बाहर निकाल लो। इससे कोई फ़र्क नहीं पड़ेगा कि तुमने उससे कितनी बार माफ़ी मांगी, क्योंकि घाव सदा वहीं रहेगा। शब्दों से दिए गए घाव उतने ही बुरे हैं जितने कि चाकू से दिए गए घाव।” क्या आपको नहीं लगता, कि पिता ने लड़के को एक अच्छा उपदेश दिया ? मित्रों और प्रिय दोस्तों का हमारे जीवन में बहुत महत्त्व है जैसे कि तुम हमारे लिए हो। वे तुम्हें मुस्कराहट तथा हंसी देते हैं। यदि तुम अपने मित्रों को खोना नहीं चाहते तो अपने शब्दों का चुनाव सावधानीपूर्वक करो। आपके शब्द विनम्र होने चाहिएं।

Retranslation Of Isolated Sentences :

1. His parents were worried because he had a bad temper. — उसके माता-पिता उसके बुरे स्वभाव के कारण चिंतित थे।
2. They advised him many times to control his anger. — उन्होंने उसे अपने क्रोध पर अंकुश लगाने के लिए कई बार समझाया।
3. He got an idea. — उन्हें (उसे) एक विचार सूझा।
4. The boy accepted the task happily. — लड़के ने वह काम खुशी-खुशी स्वीकार कर लिया।
5. The number of nails started decreasing. — कीलों की संख्या घटने लगी।
6. It was easier to control the anger. — क्रोध पर नियंत्रण पाना अधिक आसान था।
7. The father gave him one more task to do. — पिता ने उसे एक और काम करने को दिया।
8. I did it because you asked me to. — मैंने यह काम इसलिए किया क्योंकि आपने मुझे ऐसा करने के लिए कहा।
9. A wound given with your words is as bad as the one given with knife. — शब्दों से दिया गया घाव उतना ही बुरा है जितना कि चाकू से दिया गया घाव।
10. They make you smile and laugh. — वे तुम्हें मुस्कराहट और हंसी प्रदान करते हैं।
11. Let your words be kind. — आपके शब्द विनम्र होने चाहिएं।

English Guide for Class 7 PSEB Prose

• Rent for Water Question Answer
• Birbal’s Khichdi Question Answer
• A Glass of Milk Question Answer
• Mountaineers Question Answer
• The Princess Who Never Smiled Question Answer
• A Treasure Hunt Question Answer
• A Hole in the Fence Question Answer
• Hachiko-The World’s Most Loyal Dog Question Answer

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class English Book Solutions English Literature Book Chapter 4 The Dying Detective Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 10th English Literature Book Chapter 4 The Dying Detective Question Answers

The Dying Detective Class 10 Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Who was Mrs. Hudson ? Why did she go to Watson’s house ?
Or
Who was Mrs. Hudson ? Where did she go ? Why did she go there ?
Answer:
Mrs. Hudson was Sherlock Holmes’ landlady. She went to Watson’s house to tell him that his friend, Sherlock Holmes, was critically ill. She wanted Watson to come and save his friend’s life.

श्रीमती हडसन शरलॉक होम्ज़ की मकान-मालकिन थी। वह वाटसन के घर उसे यह बताने के लिए गई कि उसका मित्र, शरलॉक होम्ज़, सख्त बीमार था। वह चाहती थी कि वाटसन आए और अपने मित्र की जान बचाए।

Question 2.
Where did Holmes get the illness from ? When did he get it ?
Answer:
Holmes got the illness from some Chinese sailors. He got it when he was working on a case at a place near a river. But as we know, it was all a made-up story.

होम्ज़ को यह बीमारी कुछ चीनी नाविकों से लगी। उसे यह तब लगी जब वह एक नदी के समीप किसी जगह पर एक मामले पर काम कर रहा था। किन्तु जैसा कि हम जानते हैं, यह सब एक गढ़ी हुई कहानी थी।

Question 3.
What was Holmes’ condition when Watson saw him ?
Answer:
Holmes’ eyes had the brightness of fever. There was red flush on his cheeks. His thin hands were twitching all the time.

होम्ज़ की आंखों में बुखार वाली चमक थी। उसके गालों पर लाली थी। उसके पतले हाथ लगातार फड़क रहे थे।

Question 4.
Why did Holmes not let Watson examine him ?
Answer:
Holmes’ illness was a feigned one. Watson was a doctor by profession. He would have known the truth if he had examined Holmes. That was why, Holmes did not let Watson examine him.

होम्ज़ की बीमारी बनावटी थी। वाटसन व्यवसाय से डॉक्टर था। उसे सच्चाई का पता चल जाता यदि वह होम्ज़ की जांच कर लेता। इसी कारण से होम्ज़ ने वाटसन को खुद की जांच न करने दी।

Question 5.
Till when was Watson asked to stay in Holmes’ house ?
Answer:
He was asked to stay in there till 6 o’clock.

उसे वहां छ: बजे तक रुकने के लिए कहा गया।

Question 6.
Why did Holmes not let Watson touch his things ? What did Watson think about Holmes then ?
Answer:
Watson picked up an ivory box. Holmes knew it had a poisonous spring in it. Therefore, Holmes told him to put it down. He said that he hated to have his things touched. Watson thought that illness had affected Holmes’ mind.

वाटसन ने हाथीदांत की बनी एक डिबिया उठा ली। होम्ज़ जानता था कि इसमें एक ज़हरीला स्प्रिंग लगा था। इसलिए होम्ज़ ने उसे इसे नीचे रखने के लिए कहा। उसने कहा कि उसे पसन्द नहीं था कि उसकी चीजें छुई जाएं। वाटसन ने सोचा कि बीमारी ने होम्ज़ के दिमाग पर असर डाल दिया था।

Question 7.
What did Holmes ask Watson to do before leaving his room ?
Answer:
He asked Watson to light the gas-lamp, but only half on. Then he asked him to put on the table some letters, paper and the ivory box and the tongs.

उसने वाटसन से कहा कि वह गैस-लैंप को जला दे, किन्तु केवल आधी रोशनी पर। फिर उसने उसे मेज पर कुछ पत्र, कागज़, हाथीदांत वाली डिब्बी और चिमटी रखने को कहा।

Question 8.
Who was Culverton Smith ? Why did Holmes want him for the treatment of his disease ?
Answer:
Culverton Smith was a resident of Sumatra and a tea planter. Holmes wanted him for the treatment of his disease only to have him in his trap.

कल्वर्टन स्मिथ सुमात्रा का रहने वाला और चाय-बागानों का मालिक था। होम्ज़ उसे केवल अपने जाल में फंसाने के लिए उससे अपनी बीमारी का इलाज करवाना चाहता था।

Question 9.
What did Holmes ask Watson to say to Mr. Smith ?
Answer:
Holmes asked Watson to tell Mr. Smith how critically Holmes was ill and was at the point of death. Holmes wanted Watson to persuade Mr. Smith to come to Holmes’ house.

होम्ज़ ने वाटसन से कहा कि वह मिस्टर स्मिथ को बताए कि होम्ज़ कितना भयानक बीमार था और मरने के किनारे पर था। होम्ज चाहता था कि वाटसन मिस्टर स्मिथ को होम्ज़ के घर पर आने को सहमत करवा ले।

Question 10.
Did Smith welcome Watson calling on him ? How do you know ?
Answer:
No, Smith did not welcome Watson calling on him. He asked his butler to tell Watson that he was not at home.

नहीं, स्मिथ ने वाटसन के आने का स्वागत न किया। उसने अपने खानसामे से कहा कि वह वाटसन से कह दे कि वह (स्मिथ) घर पर नहीं था।

Question 11.
Why did Watson not come back with Smith ?
Answer:
Watson did not come with Smith because Holmes had asked him to do so. Watson pretended that he had some other appointment.

वाटसन स्मिथ के साथ इसलिए न आया क्योंकि ऐसा करने के लिए उसे होम्ज़ ने कहा था। वाटसन ने बहाना बना दिया कि उसे कोई दूसरा काम था।

Question 12.
What did Smith ask Watson when he finally met him ?
Answer:
Smith asked Watson if he was coming from Holmes’. He also asked him how Holmes was.

स्मिथ ने वाटसन से पूछा कि क्या वह होम्ज़ के यहां से आ रहा था। उसने उससे यह भी पूछा कि होम्ज़ का क्या हाल था।

Question 13.
Did Smith go near Holmes to examine him ? How do you know ?
Answer:
No, Smith did not go near Holmes to examine him. He well knew what had happened and only wanted Holmes to die.

नहीं, स्मिथ होम्ज़ के नज़दीक उसकी जांच करने के लिए नहीं गया। वह अच्छी तरह जानता था कि क्या हुआ था और केवल यही चाहता था कि होम्ज़ की मृत्यु हो जाए।

Question 14.
Who was Victor Smith ? What had happened to him and how ?
Answer:
Victor was Culverton Smith’s nephew. He had been murdered by Culverton Smith by the use of a poisonous spring.

विक्टर कल्वर्टन स्मिथ का भतीजा था। उसकी हत्या कल्वर्टन स्मिथ ने एक जहरीले स्प्रिंग का प्रयोग कर के कर दी थी।

Question 15.
“You did it. I’ll forget everything,” Holmes said to Smith. What did Smith do and how ? Did Holmes really mean what he said ? Give examples in support of your answer.
Answer:
Smith had conspired to kill Holmes by sending him a poisoned spring-box by post. Holmes did not really mean what he said. He was not ill at all. He was only laying a trap for Smith and trying to make him confess his crime.

स्मिथ ने डाक द्वारा एक जहरीले स्प्रिंग वाली डिब्बी होम्ज़ को भेज कर उसे मारने की योजना बनाई थी। होम्ज़ का वास्तव में वह अर्थ नहीं था जो उसने कहा। वह बिल्कुल भी बीमार नहीं था। वह स्मिथ के लिए केवल एक जाल बिछा रहा था और उससे उसका अपराध स्वीकार करवाने की कोशिश कर रहा था।

Question 16.
Why did Smith send an infected sharp spring in an ivory box ?
Answer:
Smith had killed his nephew. Holmes knew this fact. He was gathering evidence to prove it. That was why Smith sent him an infected spring to kill him.

स्मिथ ने अपने भतीजे को मार डाला था। होम्ज़ यह बात जानता था। वह इसे सिद्ध करने के लिए सबूत इकट्ठे कर रहा था। इसी कारण से स्मिथ ने उसे मारने के लिए एक संक्रमित स्प्रिंग भेज दिया।

Question 17.
Why did Holmes ask Smith to turn up the gas ?
Answer:
Holmes asked Smith to turn up the gas. It was, in fact, a signal for Inspector Morton to come in and arrest Smith.

होम्ज़ ने स्मिथ को गैस तेज़ करने को कहा। वास्तव में यह इंस्पैक्टर मार्टन के लिए एक इशारा था कि वह अन्दर आए और स्मिथ को गिरफ्तार कर ले।

Question 18.
Who arrested Smith ? What were the charges against him ?
Answer:
Inspector Morton arrested Smith. The charges against Smith were the murder of Victor and the attempted murder of Sherlock Holmes.

इंस्पैक्टर मार्टन ने स्मिथ को गिरफ्तार किया। उसके विरुद्ध आरोप थे – विक्टर की हत्या और शरलॉक होम्ज़ की हत्या का प्रयास।

Question 19.
Why did Holmes pretend to be ill ? What did he do and say to appear ill ?
Answer:
Holmes’ pretended illness was all a trap laid for Mr. Smith. In order to look ill, he did not eat for three days. He also applied a little make-up on his face. He also talked deliriously.

होम्ज़ की बीमारी का बहाना मिस्टर स्मिथ के लिए बिछाया गया मात्र एक जाल था। बीमार दिखने के लिए उसने तीन दिन तक कुछ न खाया। उसने अपने चेहरे पर थोड़ा-सा मेकअप भी लगाया। उसने
बड़बड़ाते हुए बातें भी की।

Question 20.
Should Holmes have spoken so rudely to Watson ? Why ?
Answer:
Holmes’ show of rudeness was a dramatic necessity. It was necessary to make Watson believe that Holmes was really critically ill and at the point of death.

होम्ज़ द्वारा उद्दण्डता का दिखावा करना एक नाटकीय आवश्यकता थी। यह वाटसन को विश्वास दिलाने के लिए ज़रूरी थी कि होम्ज़ सचमुच भयानक रूप से बीमार था और मरने के किनारे पर था।

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
What was Watson by profession ?
Answer:
Watson was a doctor by profession

Question 2.
Holmes got the illness from some …
(i) Chinese sailors
(ii) Indian sailors
(iii) English sailors
(iv) Russian sailors.
Answer:
(i) Chinese sailors

Question 3.
Smith sent Holmes an infected sharp spring in …..
(i) a silver box
(ii) an ivory box
(iii) a golden box
(iv) a red box.
Answer:
(ii) an ivory box

Question 4.
Victor smith killed Culverton Smith. (True/False)
Answer:
False

Question 5.
Holmes did not want Watson to touch his things. (True/False)
Answer:
True

Question 6.
Who was charged with the murder of his nephew ?
(i) Mrs Hudson
(ii) Morton
(iii) Smith
(iv) Watson.
Answer:
(iii) Smith

Answer each of the following in one word / phrase / sentence :

Question 1.
Who wrote the story, ‘The Dying Detective’ ?
Answer:
Arthur Conan Doyle.

Question 2.
Who was the detective in this story ?
Answer:
Sherlock Holmes.

Question 3.
Give the name of Sherlock Holme’s landlady ?
Answer:
Mrs Hudson.

Question 4.
Who was Dr Watson ?
Answer:
Sherlock Holmes’ friend.

Question 5.
Where did Sherlock get the illness from ?
Answer:
From some Chinese sailors.

Question 6.
Sherlock did not let the doctor examine him. Why ?
Answer:
Because his illness was a feigned one.

Question 7.
Who was asked to stay in Sherlock’s house till 6 o’clock ?
Answer:
Dr Watson.

Question 8.
Who had murdered Victor Smith ?
Answer:
Culverton Smith.

Question 9.
Who was Victor Smith ?
Answer:
Culverton’s nephew.

Question 10.
What were the charges against Culverton Smith ?
Answer:
The charges were the murder of Victor and the attempted murder of Sherlock.

Complete the following :

1. Culverton Smith was a resident of ………..
2. Victor was a nephew of ………..
3. Holmes asked Watson to tell Culverton …….
4. …… arrested Culverton Smith.
5. The ivory box contained an ……………..
6. Holmes was the only person who knew that Culverton ………….
Answer:
1. Sumatra
2. Culverton Smith
3. about his illness
4. Inspector Morton
5. infected spring
6. had killed Victor.

Write True or False against each statement :

1. Holmes’ show of rudeness was a dramatic necessity.
2. Smith had not murdered his nephew
3. Culverton Smith did not go near Holmes to examine him.
4. Watson came back with Smith.
5. Holmes was a doctor by profession.
6. Holmes requested Dr Watson to examine him.
Answer:
1. True
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. False
6. False.

Choose the correct option for each of the following :

Question 1.
Dr Watson did not come back with Culverton Smith because ……..
(a) he had to go to his clinic
(b) Sherlock had asked him to do so
(c) he was not feeling well
(d) he went to meet Mrs. Hudson.
Answer:
(b) Sherlock had asked him to do so

Question 2.
Watson was asked to stay in Holmes’ house till …………
(a) 9 o’clock
(b) 8 o’clock
(c) 6 o’clock
(d) 4 o’clock.
Answer:
(c) 6 o’clock

Question 3.
Culverton Smith confessed before Holmes that
(a) he had killed Victor
(b) he had sent Holmes an ivory box by post
(c) the ivory box contained a killer spring
(d) all of these three.
Answer:
(d) all of these three.

Question 4.
Holmes wanted Watson to persuade Smith to …………
(a) come to Holmes’ house
(b) confess his crime
(c) go back to Sumatra
(d) kill Victor Smith.
Answer:
(a) come to Holmes’ house

Question 5.
Victor Smith had been murdered by Culverton Smith by the use of ……….
(a) a poisonous ring
(b) an ivory box
(c) a poisonous spring
(d) a sharp spring.
Answer:
(d) a sharp spring.

The Dying Detective Summary & Translation in English

The Dying Detective Introduction:
Sherlock Holmes was a detective. He had a friend named Dr Watson. One day, Holmes’ landlady came to Watson’s house and told him that Holmes was critically ill. Watson lost no time in coming to the flat where Holmes lived. He found Holmes lying in bed and feeling very restless. He tried to know about Holmes’ disease and its symptoms. But Holmes didn’t let Watson come near him. He said that it was a horribly contagious disease and Watson knew nothing about it. So he asked Watson to fetch one Mr. Culverton Smith who, he said, had all the knowledge of this disease. Then he told him to come back to him before Mr. Smith reached there. “This is very important,” he said. “Make any excuse so as not to come back with him. Don’t forget, Watson.”

Watson met Mr. Smith and told him about Holmes’ trouble. Mr. Smith at once agreed to go with Watson. But Watson remembered what Holmes had said. So he made an excuse that he had another appointment. When Watson came back, Holmes asked him to go to another room. While Watson was hiding there, he heard the footsteps upon the stairs.

Then he heard the opening and closing of the door. It was Mr. Smith who had come into the room. He felt quite delighted on seeing Holmes in a critical condition. Holmes was the only person who knew that Mr. Smith had killed his nephew Victor, but he had not been able to prove it. Now seeing Holmes dying, Smith confesses it to him that Victor had died the same way Holmes was dying now. He confesses that he had sent Holmes an ivory box by post. The box contained a killer spring. While talking thus, Mr. Smith picks up the box and puts it into his pocket.

At once, Holmes gives up his pretence of a dying man. He applauds his successful acting. This acts as a signal for Inspector Morton who at once comes in. He arrests Mr. Smith on the charges of Victor’s murder and Holmes’ attempted murder. Mr. Smith tries to deny his confession to Holmes, but there is Watson who has witnessed the entire drama.

The Dying Detective Summary & Translation in Hindi

The Dying Detective Introduction:
शरलॉक होम्ज एक जासूस था। उस का डॉक्टर वाटसन नाम का एक मित्र था। एक दिन होम्ज़ की मकान-मालकिन वाटसन के घर पर आई और उसे बतलाया कि होम्ज़ बहुत सख़्त बीमार था। वाटसन ने उस फ्लैट पर पहुंचने में कोई देरी न की जहां होम्ज़ रहता था। उसने देखा कि होम्ज़ बिस्तर पर पड़ा हुआ था और बहुत बेचैन था। उसने होम्ज़ की बीमारी और इसके लक्षणों के बारे में जानने की कोशिश की। किन्तु होम्ज़ ने उसे अपने नज़दीक न आने दिया। उसने कहा कि यह एक भयानक छूत का रोग था और वाटसन इसके बारे में कुछ नहीं जानता था। इसलिए उसने वाटसन को कलवर्टन स्मिथ नामक एक व्यक्ति को बुला लाने को कहा जो उसके अनुसार उस बीमारी के सम्बन्ध में सब कुछ जानता था। फिर उसने उससे कहा कि वह मिस्टर कलवर्टन स्मिथ के वहां पहुंचने से पहले ही वापस उसके पास आ जाए। “यह बहुत ज़रूरी है,” उसने कहा। “उसके सामने कोई भी बहाना बना देना। वाटसन, भूलना नहीं।”

वाटसन मिस्टर कलवर्टन स्मिथ से मिला और उसे होम्ज़ की बीमारी के बारे में सब कुछ बता दिया। मिस्टर स्मिथ वाटसन के साथ जाने को तुरन्त सहमत हो गया। किन्तु वाटसन को याद था कि होम्ज़ ने क्या कहा था। इसलिए उसने बहाना बना दिया कि उसे किसी दूसरी जगह जाना था। जब वाटसन वापस आया तो होम्ज़ ने उसे वहां से दूसरे कमरे में जाने को कहा। जब वाटसन वहां छिपा हुआ था तो उसे सीढ़ियों पर कदमों की आवाज़ सुनाई दी। फिर उसे दरवाज़े का खुलना और बन्द होना सुनाई दिया। यह कलवर्टन स्मिथ था जो कमरे में आया था। होम्ज़ को नाजुक हालत में देखकर उसे बहुत खुशी महसूस हुई। होम्ज़ एकमात्र व्यक्ति था जो जानता था कि स्मिथ ने अपने भतीजे विक्टर का वध किया था, किन्तु वह इसे साबित करने में असफल रहा था।

अब होम्ज़ को मरते हुए देखकर स्मिथ उसके सामने स्वीकार करता है कि विक्टर की मृत्यु उसी तरह से हुई थी जैसे अब होम्ज़ मर रहा था। वह स्वीकार करता है कि उसने होम्ज़ को डाक द्वारा एक डिबिया भेजी थी। इसमें एक जानलेवा स्प्रिंग लगा हुआ था। इस तरह बातें करते हुए स्मिथ मेज़ पर से वह डिबिया उठा लेता है और इसे अपनी जेब में डाल लेता है। वह कहता है कि सबूत का मात्र यही एक अंश था जो उसके विरुद्ध जा सकता था।

तुरन्त होम्ज़ एक मरते हुए आदमी वाला अपना नाटक समाप्त कर देता है। वह अपने सफल अभिनय पर तालियां बजाता है। इन्स्पेक्टर मार्टन के लिए यह एक इशारे का काम करता है, जो तुरन्त अन्दर आ जाता है और स्मिथ को विक्टर के वध और होम्ज़ के वध की कोशिश के दोष में गिरफ्तार कर लेता है। स्मिथ होम्ज़ के सामने अपना अपराध स्वीकार करने की बात से इन्कार करने की कोशिश करता है, किन्तु वहां वाटसन है जो पूरे नाटक की गवाही दे सकता है। कठिन शब्दार्थ तथा सम्पूर्ण कहानी का हिन्दी अनुवाद

The Dying Detective Summary & Translation in Hindi:

(Page 25-26)
Mrs. Hudson, the ……………… back !” he cried.

Word-meanings : 1. sinking-कमज़ोर होता जा रहा है; 2. last-चल सकना, जीवित रहना; 3. stand -सहन करना; 4. horrified-डर से भर गया; 5. details-विस्तृत विवरण; 6. foggy-कोहरे से भरी; 7. gloomy-अन्धेरा, उदासी-भरा; 8. gaunt-पतला, मरियल; 9. chill-ठण्डक, डर; 10. flushed—लाल पड़े हुए थे; 11. twitch-फड़कना; 12. listless-निर्जीव-सा, उत्साहहीन।

अनुवाद- श्रीमती हडसन, शरलॉक होम्ज़ की मकान-मालकिन, मेरे पास आई और बोली, “मिस्टर होम्ज़ मर रहा है, मिस्टर वॉटसन। तीन दिनों से वह कमज़ोर होता जा रहा है, और मुझे सन्देह है कि वह एक भी दिन और जिन्दा रह पाएगा। वह मुझे किसी डॉक्टर को भी लाने नहीं देता था। मैंने उससे कह दिया कि अब मैं ज़्यादा सहन नहीं कर सकती और एक डॉक्टर को ले ही आऊंगी। उसने उत्तर दिया, “ठीक है, फिर वह डॉक्टर वॉटसन ही होना चाहिए।’

मैं डर से भर उठा क्योंकि मैंने उससे पहले उसकी बीमारी के विषय में नहीं सुना था। मैं जल्दी से अपना हैट और कोट लेने भागा। जब हम कार में वापस जा रहे थे तो मैंने श्रीमती हडसन से पूरा ब्यौरा मांगा। “ज़्यादा कुछ नहीं जो आप को मैं बता सकू, श्रीमान। वह (पिछले कुछ समय से) नदी के पास स्थित रौदरहाइथ में एक मामले को सुलझाने के लिए काम करता रहा है और वहीं से यह बीमारी अपने साथ ले आया है। बुधवार को उसने बिस्तर पकड़ लिया और तभी से वह वहां से हिला तक नहीं है। तीन दिनों से कोई भोजन या पेय उसके होंठों से नहीं गुज़रा है।”

“आपने किसी डॉक्टर को क्यों नहीं बुलाया?” मैंने पूछा। “वह मुझे लाने नहीं देता था, श्रीमान। उसका कहना न मानने की हिम्मत मैं नहीं कर पाई।” होम्ज़ को देखना सचमुच बहुत कष्टदायक था। नवम्बर के एक कोहरे-भरे दिन की धुन्धली रोशनी में वह रोगी-कक्ष एक उदास कर देने वाला स्थान था किन्तु बिस्तर से एक मरियल-सा चेहरा मेरी तरफ़ टकटकी बांध कर देख रहा था जिसने मेरे मन को डरा कर रख दिया। उसकी आंखों में बुखार वाली चमक थी, उसके गाल लाल हो रहे थे और उसके हाथ लगातार फड़क रहे थे। वह निर्जीव-सा पड़ा हुआ था। “मेरे प्रिय मित्र!” उसके नज़दीक पहुंचते हुए मैं चीखा। “पीछे खड़े रहो! बिल्कुल पीछे ही खड़े रहो!” वह चिल्लाया।

(Page 26-27)
“But why …….. in his bed.

Word-meanings : 1. for your own sake-तुम्हारे ही भले के लिए; 2. deadly-जानलेवाः 3. contagious-छूत की, संक्रामक; 4. good heavens-हे ईश्वर; 5. advancing-आगे बढ़ते हुए; 6. give in-हार मान लेना; 7. aroused—जागृत हो उठी थी; 8. symptoms—लक्षण, निशानियां; 9. ignorant-अज्ञानी; 10. groan-कराहट; 11. admitted—स्वीकार कर लिया; 12. bolt—छलांग लगाकर जाना।

अनुवाद- “परन्तु क्यों? मैं तो तुम्हारी मदद करना चाहता हूं,” मैंने कहा। “वह मैं मानता हूं वाटसन, परन्तु यह सब मैं तुम्हारे ही भले के लिए कर रहा हूं।” “मेरे भले के लिए?” मैं चकित हो उठा।
“मैं जानता हूं कि मुझे क्या हुआ है। यह बीमारी सुमात्रा से आई है। यह बहुत जानलेवा है और यह छूत की बीमारी है, वॉटसन, सचमुच यह छूने मात्र से अन्य व्यक्ति को लग जाती है।”
“हे ईश्वर, होम्ज़! क्या तुम सोचते हो कि यह सुनकर मैं रुक जाऊंगा?” मैंने उसकी तरफ़ बढ़ते हुए कहा।

“यदि तुम वहीं खड़े रहोगे तभी मैं तुमसे बात करूंगा। अगर नहीं, तो तुम्हें कमरे से जाना होगा,” मेरे उस्ताद ने कहा। मैं हमेशा होम्ज की इच्छाओं के सामने सिर झुकाता रहा हूं। किन्तु उस समय मेरी डॉक्टरों वाली भावनाएं जाग उठीं। कम-से-कम रोगी-कक्ष में मैं उससे ऊंचा दर्जा रखता था। “होम्ज़,” मैं बोला, “तुम अपने आपे में नहीं हो, तुम चाहे इसे पसन्द करो या न करो। मैं तुम्हारे लक्षणों की जांच करूंगा और तुम्हारा इलाज करूंगा।”

“यदि मझे किसी डॉक्टर ने देखना ही है.” उसने कहा, “तो मेरे पास कम-से-कम कोई ऐसा डॉक्टर लाओ जिस पर मुझे विश्वास हो।”
“तो मुझ पर तुम्हारा कोई विश्वास नहीं है?”

“तुम्हारी दोस्ती पर निश्चित रूप से हैं। परन्तु सच्चाई सच्चाई होती है, वॉटसन। तुम एक सामान्य डॉक्टर मात्र हो, इस बीमारी के स्पेशलिस्ट नहीं हो।” “यदि ऐसा है तो मुझे सर जैस्पर मीक या पैनरोज़ फिशर को लाने दो या फिर लंन्दन के किसी अन्य सर्वोत्तम डॉक्टर को।” “तुम कितने अज्ञानी हो! वॉटसन,” एक कराह के साथ उसने कहा, “तुम टारपौनली बुखार या ब्लैक फारमोसा प्लेग के बारे में क्या जानते हो?”
“मैंने इन बीमारियों के बारे में कभी नहीं सुना,” मैंने स्वीकार किया।

“पूर्वी देशों में बीमारी की बहुत-सी समस्याएं हैं। मैंने हाल में किए गए अपने अनुसन्धानों से इतना ही सीखा है। और उसी दौरान इस बीमारी ने मुझे जकड़ लिया,” वह बोला।

“फिर मैं डॉक्टर आइनस्ट्री को ले आता हूं,” दरवाज़े की तरफ जाते हुए मैंने कहा। मुझे आज तक इतना घोर आश्चर्य नहीं हुआ था जब वह मरता हुआ आदमी छलांग लगाकर दरवाजे पर पहुंचा और उसे ताला लगा दिया और चाबी अपने हाथ में ले ली। अगले ही क्षण वह अपने बिस्तर में वापस पहुंच गया।

(Page 27-28)
“You won’t have ………. with him, watson.”

Word-meanings : 1. by force-बलपूर्वक, ज़बरदस्ती; 2. choice-पसन्द, चुनाव; 3. settle down to reading-पढ़ने में मन लगाना; 4. ‘mantelpiece-अंगीठी के ऊपर की तरफ़ सजावटी चीजें रखने की जगह; 5. ivory-हाथीदांत; 6. sliding-एक तरफ़ को हटाया जा सकने वाला; 7. dreadful डरावनी;

“उसका क्या हाल है?” उसने पूछा। “वह सख़्त बीमार है,” मैंने जवाब दिया। मैं मिस्टर कलवर्टन स्मिथ के घर पहुंच गया। खानसामा दरवाज़े पर दिखाई दिया। आधे-खुले दरवाजे से मैंने एक आवाज़ को खानसामा से कहते सुना, “मैं घर पर नहीं हूं, ऐसा कह दो।” मैं धक्का देकर खानसामा से आगे चला गया और कमरे में घुस गया। मैंने एक गंजे सिर वाले दुबले-पतले व्यक्ति को बैठे हुए देखा। “मुझे अफ़सोस है,” मैंने कहा, “किन्तु ऐसे मामले में देर नहीं की जा सकती। मिस्टर शरलॉक होम्ज ………..”

उसके नाम को सुनने मात्र से ही उस व्यक्ति पर एक भिन्न प्रभाव पड़ा। “क्या तुम होम्ज़ के पास से आ रहे हो? वह कैसा है?” उसने पूछा। “वह सख़्त बीमार हैं। इसी कारण से मैं यहां आया हूं। मिस्टर होम्ज़ आपके विषय में बहुत ऊंची धारणा रखते हैं और वह सोचते हैं कि लन्दन में आप एकमात्र व्यक्ति हैं जो उसकी मदद कर सकते हैं।”

वह छोटे कद का व्यक्ति चौंक उठा। “वह ऐसा क्यों सोचता है?” उसने पूछा। “पूर्वी देशों की बीमारियों के विषय में आप के ज्ञान के कारण,” मैंने उत्तर दिया। “उसे यह बीमारी कैसे लगी?” उससे पूछा। मैंने उसे सब कुछ बता दिया। वह मुस्कराया और आने के लिए सहमत हो गया। यह बहाना बनाते हुए कि मुझे कोई दूसरा ज़रूरी काम था, मैं उसके घर से निकल आया। मन-ही-मन में घबराते हुए मैं होम्ज़ के कमरे में पहुंचा। मैंने उसे बता दिया कि मिस्टर स्मिथ आ रहा था। “बहुत अच्छा किया! वॉटसन,” उसने कहा। “तुमने वह हर काम कर दिया है जो एक अच्छा दोस्त कर सकता था। अब तुम जल्दी से अगले कमरे में चले जाओ। और कुछ भी न बोलना और यहां मत आना।”

(Page 29-30)
I heard the ……….. “What’s all this per

Word-meanings : 1. footsteps-कदमों की आवाज़; 2. whispered-धीमी आवाज़ में बोला; 3. coincidence-संयोग; 4. indeed—सचमुच; 5. groaned—कराहा; 6. my mind is gone-मेरा दिमाग़ काम नहीं कर रहा; 7. pleaded—विनय की, बिनती की; 8. sharp-तीखा, नुकीला; 9. evidence -सबूत।

अनुवाद-मैंने कदमों की आवाज़ सुनी। मैंने एक आवाज़ को कहते सुना, “होम्ज! होम्ज़! क्या तुम मेरी आवाज़ सुन सकते हो?”
“क्या यह आप हैं, मिस्टर स्मिथ?” होम्ज़ ने बहुत धीमी आवाज़ में कहा। “आप अच्छी तरह जानते हैं कि मुझे क्या बीमारी है। लन्दन में आप ही एक अकेले व्यक्ति हैं जो मेरा इलाज कर सकते हैं।” . “क्या तुम्हें लक्षणों का पता है?” स्मिथ ने पूछा। “हां, बहुत अच्छी तरह, मिस्टर स्मिथ,” और उसने लक्षणों का वर्णन किया।

“ये लक्षण बिल्कुल वैसे ही हैं, होम्ज,” स्मिथ ने कहा। “बेचारा विक्टर (इस बीमारी से) चौथे दिन ही मर गया था – वह एक शक्तिशाली और स्वस्थ युवक था। सचमुच कैसा संयोग है!” “मैं जानता हूं कि तुमने ही वह सब किया था,” होम्ज़ बोला।
“ठीक है, लेकिन तुम इसे साबित नहीं कर सकते।” “कृपया मुझे पानी दो,” होम्ज़ कराहा।। “लो,” मैंने स्मिथ की आवाज़ सुनी।
“मुझे ठीक कर दो, कृपा करके। अब विक्टर सैवेज की मृत्यु के विषय में (बात करें)। तुम्हीं ने उसे मारा था। मैं इस विषय में सब कुछ भूल जाऊंगा, लेकिन मुझे रोगमुक्त कर दो। मैं वह सारा मामला भूल जाऊंगा।”

“तुम उसे भूल जाओ या याद रखो, जैसा चाहो, वैसा करो। अब मेरे लिए इस बात का कोई महत्त्व नहीं है कि मेरा भतीजा कैसे मरा। वॉटसन ने बताया था कि तुम्हें यह बीमारी चीनी नाविकों से लगी है। क्या इसका और भी कोई कारण हो सकता है?” “मैं सोच-विचार नहीं कर सकता। मेरा दिमाग बिल्कुल भी काम नहीं कर रहा, मेरी मदद करो,” होम्ज़ ने बिनती की।
“क्या कोई चीज़ डाक से आई थी? एक डिब्बा, संयोग से? बुधवार को?”

“हां. मैंने वह डिबिया खोली और उसके अन्दर एक तीखा स्प्रिंग था। शायद वह एक मज़ाक मात्र था। उस स्प्रिंग ने मेरा खन निकाल दिया,” होम्ज़ बोला।
“नहीं, वह मज़ाक नहीं था। ऐ बेवकूफ़ आदमी, तुम्हें वही बीमारी लग गई है। तुम्हें किसने कहा था कि मेरे रास्ते में आओ? तुम विक्टर की मौत के बारे में बहुत कुछ जान गए थे। तुम्हारा अन्त निकट आ पहुंचा है, होम्ज। अब मैं इस डिबिया को अपनी जेब में डालकर ले जाऊंगा। यही एक आखिरी सबूत बचा है !”

“गैस (की रोशनी) को तेज़ कर दो, स्मिथ,” होम्ज़ ने अपनी स्वाभाविक आवाज़ में कहा।
“हां, मैं रोशनी को तेज़ कर दूंगा ताकि मैं तुम्हें बेहतर ढंग से देख सकू।” उसके बाद खामोशी छा गई। फिर मैंने स्मिथ को कहते सुना, “यह सब क्या है?”

(Page 30)
“successful acting, said …………. Watson,” he said.

Word-meanings : 1. charge-आरोप; 2. scuffle-झगड़ा, हाथापाई; 3. rude-अशिष्ट; 4. undermine-कम कर के आंकना; 5. capability-योग्यता, सामर्थ्य; 6. fasting-भूखे रहना; 7. signal-इशारा।

अनुवाद- “एक सफल अभिनय,” होम्ज़ बोला, “तीन दिन से मैंने किसी चीज़ का स्वाद नहीं लिया है -न भोजन का, और न ही किसी पेय का।” बाहर से कदमों की आवाज़ आई। दरवाजा खुला और मैंने इंस्पैक्टर मार्टन की आवाज़ सुनी। “मैं तुम्हें हत्या के आरोप में गिरफ्तार करता हूं,” उसने कहा।

“और शरलॉक होम्ज की हत्या करने के प्रयास के आरोप में भी,” होम्ज़ ने हंसते हुए कहा। फिर इधर-उधर भागने और हाथापाई की आवाजें आई, फिर उसके बाद लोहे की खनक और अचानक पीडा की आवाज़ सुनाई दी। हथकड़ियों को बन्द करने का खटका हुआ। होम्ज़ ने मुझे अन्दर आने के लिए आवाज़ दी।

“मुझे अफ़सोस है, वॉटसन, मैंने तुम्हारे साथ बहुत अशिष्टता की। मैंने एक डॉक्टर के रूप में तुम्हारी योग्यता का मजाक उड़ाया था। वह स्मिथ को यहां लेकर आने की एक चाल मात्र थी। और मैं नहीं चाहता था कि तुम्हें पता लग जाए कि मैं वास्तव में बीमार नहीं था।”
“किन्तु आपकी वह शक्ल ……..?” मैंने पूछा।

“वह तीन दिन भूखे रहने और सही मेक-अप का ही कमाल था और मॉर्टन को अन्दर आने का इशारा देने के लिए गैस को तेज़ किया गया था।” “और वह सिक्कों वाली बातें?”

“ओह! वह सिर्फ इस बात को सिद्ध करने के लिए की गईं थीं कि मैं उन्मादी प्रलाप (बीमारी में अनाप-शनाप बोलना) कर रहा था,” वह हंसा। “अब मुझे कुछ खाने की ज़रूरत है, वॉटसन। मिस्टर स्मिथ ने अपने भतीजे की हत्या की थी और कैद से बचने के लिए मुझे भी उसी तरीके से मार देना चाहता था। अब मुझे खाने की ज़रूरत महसूस हो रही है, वॉटसन। और तुम्हारा बहुत धन्यवाद है, वॉटसन,” वह बोला।

Class 10th English Literature Book PSEB Supplementary Reader

• Bed Number-29 Question Answer
• Half A Rupee Worth Question Answer
• One Thousand Dollars Question Answer
• The Dying Detective Question Answer
• How Much Land Does A Man Need? Question Answer
• Return to Air Question Answer