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Punjab State Board PSEB 12th Class Sociology Important Questions Chapter 10 Social Problems: Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Important Questions and Answers.

PSEB 12th Class Sociology Important Questions Chapter 10 Social Problems: Alcoholism and Drug Addiction

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Which of these is the situation of social problem?
(а) Most of the people are affected by this
(b) This is an undesirable condition
(c) There is conflict in social values
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

2. Which of these is the economic factor of social problem?
(a) Unemployment
(b) Poverty
(c) Slums
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

3. What do we call the person who consumes alcohol once or twice in a year?
(a) Rare user
(b) Infrequent user
(c) Light drinker
(d) Moderate drinker
Answer:
(a) Rare user

4. What do we call the persons who start consuming alcohol right from the morning?
(a) Moderate drinkers
(b) Heavy drinkers
(c) Infrequent drinkers
(d) Light drinkers
Answer:
(b) Heavy drinkers

5. Which of these is a type of drug?
(a) opium
(b) cocain
(c) charas
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

Fill in the Blanks:

1. The situation of ……………… is undesirable in society.
Answer:
Social problem

2. ……………….. is a type of drug which is drunk.
Answer:
Alcohol

3. Opium, Heroins, cocain come under the category of ……………….
Answer:
narcotics

4. ………………… and ……………….. can play a way important role in keeping children away from drugs.
Answer:
School, teacher

5. Consuming …………………. is having a bad effect on one’s health.
Answer:
drug

True/False:

1. Social problems affect most of the members of society.
Answer:
True

2. Heroin is a type of Narcotics.
Answer:
True

3. Drug addict always wants to consume drugs.
Answer:
True

4. The Union Government passed The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act in 1955 A.D.
Answer:
False

5. There is no value conflict in social problems.
Answer:
False

One Word/One Line Questions Answers:

Question 1.
What is social problem?
Answer:
Social problem is that undesirable situation which everybody wants to change.

Question 2.
On what social problem depends?
Answer:
Social problem depends upon the values of society.

Question 3.
How many members of society get affected by social problems?
Answer:
Most of the members of society get affected by social problems.

Question 4.
Give socio-cultural factors of social problems.
Answer:
Untouchability, female foeticide, dowry, domestic violence, violence against women etc.

Question 5.
Give economic factors of social problems.
Answer:
Poverty, unemployment, slums, illiteracy, crime etc.

Question 6.
What is alcoholism?
Answer:
When any one starts consuming alcohol on frequent basis, it is called alcoholism.

Question 7.
Who is a rare user?
Answer:
One who consumes liquor once or twice in one year, he is called rare user.

Question 8.
Who is an infrequent user?
Answer:
One who consumes alcohol once in two-three months is an infrequent user.

Question 9.
Who is a light drinker?
Answer:
Light drinker is that who consumes alcohol once or twice in one mouth.

Question 10.
Who is a moderate drinker?
Answer:
Moderate drinkers is the one who consumes alcohol three-four time in one month.

Question 11.
Who is a heavy drinker?
Answer:
One who consumes alcohol on daily basis is a heavy drinker.

Question 12.
How much of the Indian population consumes alcohol atleast once during its lifetime?
Answer:
Around 42% of the total population.

Question 13.
Give one cause of alcoholism.
Answer:
People consume alcohol to ignore their tensions and problems.

Question 14.
Give one effect of alcoholism.
Answer:
It leatds to was tage of money and Loss of health.

Question 15.
What is a drug?
Answer:
Drug is a chemical which physiologically and psychologically affects our abillity to do work.

Question 16.
Give names of any four narcotics.
Answer:
Opium, cocain, Heroin, Marijuana, charas etc.

Question 17.
When was the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act passed?
Answer:
This law was passed in 1985 A.D.

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Give two features of social problems.
Answer:

• Social problems are such unwanted circumstances with which most of the members of society are directly or indirectly affected.
• About social problems, most of the members of society believe that their solution is must.

Question 2.
Give socio-cultural factors of social problems.
Answer:
In India, people of many religions, castes and lingual groups live with each other. That’s why many socio cultural problems occur over here such as untouchability, female foeticide, dowry, domestic violence, violence against women etc.

Question 3.
Give three reasons of alcoholism.
Or
Two causes of alcoholism.
Answer:

• People consume alcohol to remove their tensions.
• People get tired with their occupation and that’s “why they consume alcohol.
• Many persons like to sit with their friends and they force him to consume alcohol.

Question 4.
Give three reasons of drug addiction.
Answer:

• Many a times, peer group forces an individual to consume drug.
• Sometimes, an individual feels alienated and to remove alienation, he starts to use drugs.
• Many people are unable to face the situations in life and that’s why they start to use drugs.

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Alcoholism.
Answer:
Alcoholism is a state in which the person is unable to keep control on his quantity of taking alcohol which he cannot stop after starts to using it. Alcohol cannot be called as stimulant but it acts as a inhibitor on our nervous system. When person starts to use it, he feels himself free from all the tensions and he slowly slowly starts to use too much quantity of it. Alcoholism not only reduces his work efficiency but it destroys his family as well.

Question 2.
Alcoholic Person.
Answer:
Alcoholic person is that person who uses alcohol or drinks alcohol. Person, who is a compulsive drinker, cannot live without drinking alcohol. In this way the person who cannot live without drinking alcohol is known as alcoholic person. He is unable to keep control on himself. He drinks daily and goes to such extent that he cannot do any work without alcohol. His body starts to shiver in its absence.

Question 3.
Types of Alcoholic Persons.
Answer:

• Rare alcoholic: Who drinks once or twice in a year.
• Infrequent alcoholic: Who drinks once in two or three months or drinks only in any marriage or party.
• Lighter user alcoholic: Who drinks once or twice in a month to enjoy his holiday.
• Moderate user alcoholic: Who drinks thrice or four times in month to enjoy his holiday.
• Heavy user alcoholic: Who drinks alcohol many times in a day or who drinks daily.

Question 4.
Occupation-cause of Alcoholism.
Answer:
In many cases, occupation becomes a cause of alcoholism. Occupation of many persons is such that they become very much tired and they need something to do work again. It not only removes their tiredness but it also motivates them to work again the next day. In the same way many persons start to use alcohol to please other persons related occupations. For example, many times any worker has to drink with his owner or boss to please him and becomes an addict of it. In this way person has to drink alcohol due to his occupation and he becomes an addict of it.

Question 5.
Mental tension – Cause of Alcoholism.
Answer:
Every person is the victim of one or another mental tension. If some one does’t have money, so he is in tension to run his house. Some have money but are tensed for its safety, tension of business, tension of office, tension due to poverty, anyone is tense due to his owner, boss or wife, any one has fear of loss in business and someone is tensed due to competition. In this way every person is the victim of one or another type of tension. If he drinks alcohol then is nervous system relaxes for some time and for some time he becomes free from every type of mental tension.

Question 6.
Poverty-Cause of Alcoholism.
Answer:
A poor person is always in tension to earn money, His family members are more in number but he is the sole earner of the family. That’s why expenditure of the family is more but income is very less. Person always remains in tension of giving food, cloth and education to his children. That’s why he takes the help of the alcohol to remove his tension. He gets relief from his mental tensions for some time after using alcohol. In this way he starts to drink more quantity of alcohol and becomes an alcoholic.

Question 7.
Drug Addiction.
Answer:
When a person uses any subtance with which his body becomes dependent upon that substance or drug then it is known as drug addiction. Drug is that substance which directly affects the brain and nervous system of the person. In this way when a person becomes so dependent upon that drug that he cannot live without drug then it is known as drug addiction.

Question 8.
Drug Abuse.
Answer:
When a person starts using any illegal drug or misuses any legal drug then it is known as drug abuse. It damages person mentally as well as physically. Use of L.S.D. and Cocain, use of Heroin, Smoking of Hashish and Ganja, Alcoholism etc. all are included in this. Person enjoys fully in it. He goes on the trip of enjoyment. He could be able to do any work after its use unless he could not be able to do any thing.

Question 9.
Drug dependency.
Answer:
When person starts to use daily any drug legally or illegally and he cannot live without it then it is known as drug dependency. Dependency can be physical as well as mental. When a person uses any drug again and again grasps drug in itself then it is known as physical dependence. But when his body aches and he feels physical problems due to non use of that drug then it is a physical loss as well as mental loss.

Question 10.
Characteristics of Drug Addiction.
Answer:

• Sudden wish occurs in the person to get drug in drug addiction.
• In drug addiction he wants to get drug in any way unless his body stops working.
• In drug addiction, there is a tendency to increase the dose slowly and slowly.
• Person becomes physically and mentally dependent upon drugs in drug addiction.

Question 11.
Types of Drugs.
Answer:

• Liquor or Alcohol
• Sedatives
• Narcotics
• Stimulants
• Hallucinogens
• Nicotine

Question 12.
Psychological Causes of Drug Abuse.
Answer:

• When any person wants to reduce his tensions then he starts to use drug.
• There is a wish in some person that how it feels when we take drug and that’s why they start to use drugs.
• Unemployed persons want to pass their time and that’s why they start to use drugs.
• Many persons use drugs to increase their self-confidence.

Question 13.
Social Causes of Drug Abuse.
Answer:

• Many times friends of any person force him to use drugs because of which he starts to use drugs.
• Conflicts of the family also force the person to use drugs so that he could not come in mental tension.
• Many times a wish occurs in the person while observing that his elders are using any drug and that’s why he starts to use drug.

Question 14.
Ways to control Drug addiction.
Answer:

• People should be motivated not to use drugs so that they could be motivated to do so.
• Doctors should also restrict themselves from not giving those drugs to their patients with which they could become addicted.
• People should be told about the losses of drugs so that the people should keep themselves away from the drugs.
• Parents should behave friendly with their children and they should be told about the evil consequences of drug abuse so that they could be a way of these drugs.

Long Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
What is Alcoholism? Give its types.
Answer:
Alcoholism is a condition in which a person is unable to control his quantity of drinking alcohol with which he cannot stop it once he starts drinking alcohol. In this way, an alcoholic person is a person who uses whisky, drinks whisky, and is a compulsive person who cannot live without drinkings. In this way, a person who cannot live without drinking alcohol is known as an alcoholic person. Generally, we can come to know about features of alcoholism through four factors, and these four factors are:

• Too much use of alcohol.
• The tension of alcoholic person on his too much use of alcohol.
• No control of alcoholic person on his too much use of alcohol.
• Occurrence of disturbance in social, psychological, and worldly functions.

In this way Don Kehlan has explained five types of alcoholic persons on the basis of quantity and frequency of drinking and these five types are given below:

• Rare alcoholic: Rare alcoholic persons are those persons who drink alcohol once or twice a year and even drink for the sake of fun.
• Infrequent alcoholic. An infrequent alcoholic person is a person who drinks alcohol once or twice in two or three months or at the time of any marriage or function.
• Light user alcoholic. Light user alcoholic is that person who drinks once or twice in one month. He sometimes drinks in the company of his friends.
• Moderate user alcoholic. Moderate user alcoholic is that person who drinks thrice or four times in a month or wants to enjoy his holiday (Sunday).
• Heavy user alcoholic. Heavy user alcoholic person is that who drinks alcohol daily or many times in a day. They are also known as Hardcore alcoholic persons.

Question 2.
How Alcoholism can be prevented? Explain it.
Or
How can we cure the problem of alcohol?
Answer:
Alcoholism is that problem which has been faced by our country since a long time. Not only person himself but his family and society also disintegrates with this. His morality comes to an end, he starts to commit crimes, and his health also deteriorates. In this way it has very much evil consequences on person. We should jointly solve this problem so that the society could he prevented from disorganization. Government and social service institutions can play a very important role in it. This problem can be prevented in many ways.

1. First of person should motivate himself to not to start drink of alcohol. If he will not start using it then how he will become addict of it. Family can play a very important role in it. Elders of the family can motivate their children by not using alcohol. Elders can tell them about the evil consequences of alcoholism. They can educate them from time to time so that they could move on the right path.

2. Government can play a very important role in it. Government can announce the policy of restriction on alcohol and can impose this policy in the state. It should take strict action against the makers and sellers of the liquor so that people should keep themselves away from it. Government should also discourage drinkers not to use alcohol.

3. If a doctor is taking care of an alcoholic person then he always has hatreds against the alcoholic person. It is a shocking thing for that person. Doctors should change their attitude so that the alcoholic person should leave use of alcohol from his heart. Doctors should keep a sympathetic attitude towards alcoholic persons.

4. Restriction on alcoholism and alcohol should not be propagated among the people. Government, social service institutions and people can take the help of T.V., radio, newspapers, magazines, etc., and can propagate against its evil consequences. Educational institutions can also play a very big part in it and can motivate the students to get an education in their institutions. They can organize Seminars against it so that people should keep themselves away from this problem.

5. Generally whisky has been taken as a means of recreation. But if it will be banned then the means of recreation for the people will come to an end. That’s why government and non-governmental institutions can establish recreational centres so that the people can enjoy these places instead of using alcohol.

6. People should also be motivated by this problem. This problem is very big and cannot be solved in one or two days. For that people are necessary to be motivated. The illiterate people of our country are hardly aware of the evil consequences of this problem. People should also be educated regarding this and should be educated to live a better life. If people would be educated properly then this problem could also be solved very quickly.

7. Government should make strict laws to restrict alcoholism so that the drinkers and sellers of alcohol could be strictly punished. For this special courts could be constituted so that the lawbreakers could be punished very quickly.

8. Not only externally but the mentality of the people should also be changed. An actual ban on alcoholism can happen if the person himself should leave this problem. That’s why the mentality of the person should be changed. Plays, Lectures can be organized regarding this so that people could themselves change their mentality.

So after looking at this explanation we can say that the problem of alcoholism is a social problem and it has not just one or two reasons but it has many reasons behind it. People themselves are increasing this problem and if they want they themselves can eradicate this problem. If the public will take a tough stand against it then the government will also have to take part in it. If government and people both join hands with each other then this problem can be removed very quickly.

Question 3.
Explain different types of drugs.
Answer:
We can divide drugs into six parts which are given below:

1. Whisky or liquor
2. Sedatives
3. Narcotics
4. Stimulants
5. Hallucinogens
6. Nicotine

Now we will explain them in detail:

1. Whisky or alcohol. Some people drink alcohol as something which can give them pleasure and some people drinks alcohol so that they can get stimulant to do their work. Alcohol also works as a substance that gives us peace with which our nerves gets peace and relaxation. It acts as a sedative that calms down nerves or a type of anesthetic which reduces the pain of living. Humans have to face many problems and tensions in their lives because of which they become the victims of mental tension. That’s why they take help of alcohol to relieve their mental tension. Alcohol relieves tension and reduces aggressive inhibitions. It also reduces the power of taking decisions and creates confusion.

2. Sedatives. Sedatives are also known as depressants. It relaxes our central nervous system, induces sleep and gives a very calming effect. In medical terms, they are used for insomnia, epilepsy, high blood pressure and it is given to the patient before operation and during surgery so that they could relax. It acts as a depressant which depresses the actions of nerves and muscles. It also slows down breathing and heart beating and makes the user relax. But if the user will start to use a higher dose then he can become gloomy, sluggish, irritable and quarrelsome. His capacity of working and thinking reduces with this.

3. Narcotics. We can include opium, heroin, brown sugar, marijuana, charas, ghanja, bhang, smack etc. in narcotics. Heroin is a white powder which is made by morphine, cocaine is made by the leaves of coca bush, ganja, charas can be obtained from the hemp plant. Marijuana is a particular form of cannabis. Cocaine, heroin, morphine etc. can be .taken either by injections or in the form of cigarettes. All of these increase the capacity of the work of the person, gives him a lot of enjoyment and a feeling of superiority comes in him. But when person becomes an addict of these things then he cannot live without them. However, weakness, insomnia, nervousness remains and in the end person dies without them.

4. Stimulants. Stimulants activate the nervous system, treat small depression, relieve tension, keep a person awake, increase alertness and reduce aggressive inhibitions. Caffeine, cocaine, Amphetamines, etc. are used stimulative agents. If these will be taken according to the prescription by the doctor then it can produce self-confidence and alertness. But if they will be used more frequently then many problems like headache, sweating, diarrhea, nervousness can occur. These stimulants do not produce physical dependence but are psychologically addicting. Abruptly withdrawing the drug can result in mental illness and suicidal depression.

5. Hallucinogens. The most important element in this category is L.S.D. which is never prescribed by any doctor. It is either taken orally or in the form of an injection. It is so powerful that one ounce of LSD can produce three lakh human doses. Its minimum dose also directly affects the person. If any person uses it then he remains in hallucination, dreams, etc. after taking its dose. Severe mental derangement can result from an attempt to withdraw from its use.

6. Nicotine. We can include tobacco, bidi, cigarettes, cigars, snuff, etc. in it. It has no positive impact on our body but physically a person depends upon it. It leads to relaxation, stimulates the central nervous system, increases wakefulness, and removes boredom. But its heavy dose can lead to heart attack, lung cancer, bronchitis. If any person starts to use it then he becomes dependent upon it.

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Book Solutions Chapter 9 Care and Maintenance of Farm Machinery Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 Agriculture Chapter 9 Care and Maintenance of Farm Machinery

Agriculture Guide for Class 8 PSEB Care and Maintenance of Farm Machinery Textbook Questions and Answers

(A) Answer in one to two words:

Question 1.
After land cost, the next highest investment by fanners is in which form?
Answer:
In the form of farm machinery.

Question 2.
Who is considered as head of farm machinery?
Answer:
Tractor.

Question 3.
Name any three machines that are driven by tractors.
Answer:
Cultivation, disc harrow, seed drill.

Question 4.
Which are those machines where the source of power is part of the machine?
Answer:
Tractor, engine, motor etc.

Question 5.
When the tractor should be over-hauled?
Answer:
After using it for 4000 hours.

Question 6.
In which gear the tractor should be stored?
Answer:
Neutral gear.

Question 7.
After proper cleaning of battery terminal of a tractor, it should be coated with which material?
Answer:
With Petroleum jelly.

Question 8.
After proper cleaning and removal of seed and fertilizer from seed sowing machinery, what should be coated to its components?
Answer:
Grease or lubricating oil.

Question 9.
What should be done to protect soil working tools of tillage machinery from rust?
Answer:
These should be coated with grease or lubricating oil.

Question 10.
Why the spray pump should be operated empty after using it?
Answer:
This helps in draining the water from spray lines.

(B) Answer in One to Two Sentences:

Question 1.
What are the basic categories in which farm machinery can be divided?
Answer:
There are three categories of farm machinery-prime movers (power source); like, tracfor etc., engine operator equipments; like, disc harrow etc., self propelled machine like, combine harvester etc.

Question 2.
After how many hours, the tractor should be serviced?
Answer:
Servicing of the tractor should be done after 10 hours, 50 hours, 125 hours, 250 hours, 500 hours and 1000 hours. Tractor should be got overhauled from a good workshop after using it for 4000 hours.

Question 3.
What should be done to protect tyres if tractor is to be stored for long term?
Answer:
Jack up the tractor and put it on the wooden blocks and also reduce air pressure in the tyres.

Question 4.
What should be done to protect battery if tractor is to be stored for long term?
Answer:
If tractor is to be stored for long time period then batteries should be disconnected and removed from the tractor but these should be charged occasionally.

Question 5.
What point should be kept in mind for maintenance of exhaust pipe and crank case breather?
Answer:
If mouth of the exhaust pipe and crank case breather is open, cover it with a cloth. This prevents entry of moisture in it.

Question 6.
During season, what should be done for maintenance of axle bearings?
Answer:
During season, after every 4-6 hours of working, lubricate the axle and bushes with oil or grease. If ball bearings are fitted then lubricate them after 3-4 days with grease.

Question 7.
Why it is important to clean the seed and fertilizer box of a seed drill daily?
Answer:
Fertilizers are chemicals which can damage or corrode these boxes if not cleaned on daily basis.

Question 8.
Why farmer should properly dean grain tank, conveyor, straw walkers and sieves in combine harvesters?
Answer:
If grain tanks, conveyor straw walkers and sieves in combine harvesters are not cleaned properly, rodents make home there and can damage the electric circuits, pipes etc. and thus damage the machinery heavily.

Question 9.
What should be done to protect combine harvester from rust?
Answer:
Moisture is the reason of rusting. Therefore, combine should be stored under a shed and cover it with a plastic sheet. Paint those parts where paint has taken off.

Question 10.
What should be done to avoid contact of machine with soil during storage?
Answer:
Answer: Wash or clean the machines or equipments to dry these. Coat them with grease and oil to prevent from rusting.

(C) Answers in five to six Sentences:

Question 1.
Why there is a need for the maintenance of farm machinery?
Answer:
To get more yield and income from agricultural produce, farm machinery plays an important role. After the cost of land, next highest investment is in farm machinery. If proper maintenance is not done for such costly machines, then we may not be able to get full benefit from the machines. Proper maintenance adds to the working life of farm machines. Repair of damaged machines cost more. Machines should be maintained at the end of the season so that we get a ready machine at the beginning of next season.

Question 2.
Which points should be kept in mind regarding maintenance of tractors?
Answer:

• Wash and clean tractor and store it under shed.
• If there is some sort of leakage from pipes or some repair is required, get it done. Mobile oil should be filled up-to the marked level.
• All points where greasing is to be done should be washed with diesel. Remove the old grease and fill the new grease.
• Use hot water to wash the terminals of battery and coat them with petroleum jelly. If tractor is to be stored for a long time remove the battery but keep on charging it from time to time.
• To keep the tractor ready for any work, it should be started and operated once or twice in a month.
• For long term storage Jack up the tractor and put it on wooden blocks, reduce the air pressure in tyres.
• Park the tractor in switched off position, in the neutral gear and by applying parking brakes.
• Cover the exhaust pipe and crank breather using a cloth to prevent the entry of moisture in it.
• Air cleaner should be cleaned time to time.

Question 3.
Why repair of machinery should be done before its storage?
Answer:
Machine should be got repaired at the end of the season and before storing it. So that we get a ready machine at the beginning of next season, time is also saved. By the end of season we know about the condition of the machine, we know the parts of the machine which are creating problems, therefore machine should be taken care of, make replacement of the parts which are not working properly or are causing trouble. One can forget these things after long time i.e. at the beginning of new season. Therefore repair of machinery should be done before its storage.

Question 4.
Which points should be kept in mind for maintenance of battery?
Answer:
Tractor should be started and operated once or twice in a month. Clean the terminals of the battery with hot water and coat the terminals with petroleum jelly. If tractor in to be stored for long time duration remove the battery and keep on charging it time to time.

Question 5.
Which points should be kept in mind regarding maintenance of combine harvesters?
Answer:
Maintenance of combine harvester is similar to the maintenance of tractor. Following points should be kept in mind regarding maintenance of combine harvester.

(i) Clean properly grain tanks, conveyor, straw walkers and sieves in combine harvesters. There should be not dirt, straw, grains, chaff etc. in these otherwise rodent start living there and can damage electric circuits and pipes etc.

(ii) Moisture is the reason of rusting. Therefore, combine should be stored under a shed and cover it with a plastic sheet. Paint those parts where paint has taken off.

(iii) Machine should be got repaired at the end of the season and before storing.it. So that we get a ready machine at the beginning of next season, time is also saved. By the end of season we know about the condition of the machine, we know the parts of the machine which are creating problems, therefore machine should be taken care of, make replacement of the parts which is are not working properly or causing trouble. One can forget these things after long time i.e. at the beginning of new season. Therefore repair of machinery should be done before its storage.

(iv) Remove all the belts and put identification marks and store at a safe place.

(v) Chains should be cleaned with diesel and coat it with thin layer of grease.

(vi) Rubbing parts should be applied with lubricating oils. Eill grease in the greasing points.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Guide Care and Maintenance of Farm Machinery Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the name of machine used for fodder chopping and cutting?
Answer:
Toka.

Question 2.
What is disc harrow in local language?
Answer:
Tavijan.

Question 3.
What is the name of the machine used for sowing seeds?
Answer:
Seed drill machine.

Question 4.
What should be the air pressure in the tyres of a tractor?
Answer:
In front tyres 24-26 pounds and in rear tyre 12-18 pounds.

Question 5.
What should be used to clean the spray pump after it is used?
Answer:
The spray pump should be cleaned with fresh water.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the importance of a diesel engine?
Answer:
It is a small machine. It is used to run tubewell, to run fodder chopping toka, etc. Its operating cost is less than tractor when less power is required diesel engine is used.

Question 2.
Why should the seed drill machines be not parked in sunlight?
Answer:
Sun heat may damage the rubber pipes and gears.

Question 3.
What should be done to reduce the slip of the tractor?
Answer:
Air pressure in the rear tyres should be lowered.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
What is the importance of the maintenance of farm machinery and equipment?
Answer:
Nowadays farms machinery is used for doing nearly all agricultural activities e.g. sowing, harvesting, hoeing, etc. Farm machinery is very costly and sometimes farmers have to get loans. Therefore, it becomes necessary to maintain and take care of the machines.

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Book Solutions Chapter 9 Pig, Sheep, Goat and Rabbit Rearing Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Agriculture Chapter 9 Pig, Sheep, Goat and Rabbit Rearing

Agriculture Guide for Class 9 PSEB Pig, Sheep, Goat and Rabbit Rearing Textbook Questions and Answers

(A) Answer in 1-2 words:

Question 1. Name two breeds of pig.
Answer:
White Yorkshire, Landrace.

Question 2.
How many piglets can be produced by a female pig in a year?
Answer:
20-24 in a year.

Question 3.
How many times does a female pig produce piglets?
Answer:
Twice a year.

Question 4.
How much protein should be in the feed of a dry female rabbit?
Answer:
12-15%.

Question 5.
What is the weight of rabbits at age of 12 weeks?
Answer:
1 to 1.5 kg in 3 months (12 weeks).

Question 6.
Name the breeds of goat.
Answer:

• Indigenous – Beetal, Jamnapari.
• Exotic – Saanen, Alpine, Boer.

Question 7.
Name the breeds of sheep.
Answer:
erino, Corridale.

Question 8.
Name the native place of Beetal goat.
Answer:
Gurdaspur, Amritsar, Tarn taran, and Ferozepur.

Question 9.
Name the native place of Jamnapari breed.
Answer:
Western Uttar Pardesh.

Question 10.
Name the age of castration of male pigglets.
Answer:
At the age of 3-4 weeks.

(B) Answer in 1-2 sentences:

Question 1.
Explain the difference between indigenous and exotic breeds of pig.
Answer:
Local indigenous breeds of pigs have a poor growth rate and piglets produced are also less in number.
Exotic breeds grow rapidly and also produce more piglets per year.

Question 2. Explain about economic feeding of pigs.
Answer:
Leftover vegetables in the market, hotel, hostel, etc.; restaurant waste, sugarcane, press mud, buttermilk (Lassi), etc. can be given to pigs as feed.

Question 3.
What is the composition of feed of pigs?
Answer:
Piglets should be given 20-22% protein, and roughage should not be more than 5%. Growing pigs should be given 16-18% protein and adults should also be given 2-3 kg green fodder.

Question 4.
Write the qualities of a good goat.
Answer:
Good quality goat is selected on the basis of its lactation milk for 120 days. It should be able to produce first kidding up to the age of 2 years. It should be high yielding and its body should belong. The udder should be large and teats medium-sized pointing forward. It should have soft shiny hair.

Question 5.
Name the wool and meat-type breeds of rabbits.
Answer:

• Breeds of rabbit for wool – German Angora, British Angora, Russian Angora.
• Breeds of rabbit for meat – Grey Giant, Soviet Chinchilla, White Giant, Newzealand white.

Question 6.
Which type of feed is liked by rabbits?
Answer:
Rabbit is a vegetarian animal. It likes to eat Napier bajra, bajra, cowpea, guinea grass, berseem, green leaves and vegetables etc.

Question 7.
Give a description of nest or box used for rabbit.
Answer:
Wooden boxes can be made of different sizes but there should be proper arrangement for light and drainage of urine. Adult animal can be kept in a cage of size 2x2x1 feet.

Question 8.
How many times rabbit produces kitten annually and what is the total number of kittens produced?
Answer:
Rabbit can give birth to 5-7 young ones at one time and can give birth 6-7 times in a year. Thus giving birth to 30-50 young . ones in a year.

Question 9.
What is the wool yield of various breeds of rabbits?
Answer:

Question 10.
What is the protein content in rabbit feed?
Answer:
Protein should be 12-15% in the feed of a dry female and for a milking female protein should be 16-20% in the feed.

(C) Answer in 5-6 sentences:

Question 1.
What are the basic points for profitable piggery?
Answer:

1. Selection of breed.
2. Select healthy male and female animals.
3. Providing balanced feed.
4. Optimum management e.g. for shed, health management against diseases.
5. A healthy sow should have tight skin, soft hair, bright eyes, strong legs, and 12 teats.
6. Mating should be done at the age of 8-9 months and when the weight of the sow is about 90 kg.
7. Get the piglets castrated at the age of 3-4 weeks if they are meant for meat (pork).

Question 2.
Give details of shed for pigs.
Answer:
Shed should be at higher elevation than the ground level. It should not be costly, but it should be comfortable. For a growing pig 8 square feet, for a dry, female 10-12 square feet space is enough. 20 young animals can be reared in 160 square feet space. Ten sows (females pigs) can be kept in one room. There should be guard railing in the room of sows to prevent crushing of newborn piglet under the mother pig. Railing should be 10-12 inch high and should be away from the wall by 10-12 inches.

Question 3.
Write a note on sheep and goat shed.
Answer:
Sheds should be open and airy. The flooring should be damp proof. Length of shed should be in East-West’direction. A goat or sheep needs only 10 square feet of space. Lamb requires 4 square feet space. There should be wall 5-6 feet high all around the shed or barbed wire to prevent stray animals entering into the shed. Plant deciduous shady trees like mulberry, poplar, dharek etc. around the shed.

Question 4.
Give composition of rabbit feed.
Answer:
Feed of Rabbit includes cereals, pulses, green and dry fodder, carrots, cabbage, legumes and kitchen waste. Feed is given in pellet form to reduce respiratory problems and wastage of feed. Dry female should be given 12-15% protein in its feed whereas milking female should be given 16-20% protein in its feed. Rabbit can be given a concentrate which is mixture of wheat, maize, bajra, meat meal, rice polish, ground nut cakes, minerals mixture and common salt etc. Rabbits like to take cowpea, Guinea grass, spinach, green leaves and vegetables, napier bajra, berseem etc. Rabbits consume water also which is 10% of its body weight. Therefore there should be proper arrangement of drinking water.

Question 5.
Give details of cages used for rabbits.
Answer:
Wooden boxes can be made of different sizes but there should be proper arrangement for light and drainage of urine. Adult animals can be kept in 2x2x1 feet cages. Weaned kitten are also kept in cages. One cage can be used to keep 20 young animals. Males and females should be kept separately.

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Write about size and colour of White Yorkshire breed of pig.
Answer:
Size, medium, colour, white.

Question 2.
Which breed of pig is popular in north India?
Answer:
White Yorkshire.

Question 3.
Landrace breed of pig is Native of which country?
Answer:
Denmark.

Question 4.
When does a healthy female pig come in heat for the first time?
Answer:
At the age of 5-6 months.

Question 5.
How much protein should be present in the feed of growing pigs?
Answer:
16-18%.

Question 6.
How much space is required by a growing pigs?
Answer:
8 square feet.

Question 7.
How much space is required by a non-milking female pig?
Answer:
10-12 sQuestion feet.

Question 8.
What should be the height of railing of the room of female pig?
Answer:
10-12 inch.

Question 9.
Which animal is called poor man’s cow?
Answer:
Goat.

Question 10.
Name Indigenous breeds of goat.
Answer:
Beetal, Jamnapari.

Question 11.
How many days of milk is the basis of selection of a goat?
Answer:
120 days.

Question 12.
What is gestation period for goat/sheep?
Answer:
145-157 days.

Question 13.
What should be the direction of shed?
Answer:
East-West.

Question 14.
How much space is required by sheep or goat?
Answer:
10 square feet.

Question 15.
How much space is required by youngone of sheep or goat (i.e. lamb)?
Answer:
4 square feet.

Question 16.
How many times youngones are produced by goat/ sheep in a year?
Answer:
Three times.

Question 17.
How many times a female rabbit gives birth in a year?
Answer:
6-7 times.

Question 18.
How much is the average age of rabbit?
Answer:
5 years.

Question 19.
Name wool types of Rabbit.
Answer:
Russian Angora, German Angora.

Question 20.
Name meat types of rabbit?
Answer:
Soviet chinchilla, grey giant.

Question 21.
How much protein should be present in feed of dry female rabbit?
Answer:
12-15 %.

Question 22.
How much protein should be present in feed of milking female rabbit?
Answer:
16-20%.

Question 23.
How much green fodder and feed is eaten by a 6 week old rabbit?
Answer:
100 gram green fodder and 50 gram feed.

Question 24.
At what age wool can be taken for the first time from a rabbit?
Answer:
At the age of 4 months.

Question 25.
How much wool do we get from a rabbit in a year?
Answer:
500-700 gram.

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Write about White Yorkshire breed of pig.
Answer:
It is white colored medium-sized breed of pig. It has long body and erected ear.

Question 2.
Write about Landrace breed of pig.
Answer:
It is an exotic breed. Its colour is white, body is long and has drooping ears. It originally belongs to Denmark. Its meat has less fat.

Question 3.
Write about female pig when it comes to heat.
Answer:
Female pig comes in heat at the age of 5-6 months for the first time. But mating should be done when female attains a weight of 90 kg and is of 8-9 months old.

Question 4.
Write about health of female pig (sow).
Answer:
It should be healthy with soft and tight skin. It should have soft hair. Its eyes should be bright. It should have strong legs and 12 teats.

Question 5.
How much space is required by pigs?
Answer:
Growing pigs need 8 square feet space whereas dry female needs 10-12 feet space.

Question 6.
Why is guard railing fixed in the room of sow?
Answer:
This is put to prevent the crushing of the newborn piglets under their mother.

Question 7.
Write about the beetle breed of goat.
Answer:
It is black brownish with white spots on it. its ears are long, drooping and twisted. Its forehead is convex. It has large udder. First kidding occurs at an age of 18 months. It is found in Gurdaspur, Amritsar, Tarantarn, and Ferozepur.

Question 8.
Write about Jamnapari breed of goat.
Answer:
It is white in color and sometimes light brown. It has a long body and legs are also long. It has brown spots on the head and face. Its ears are long flat and drooping. The nose is convex. It gives a beautiful look and is found in Western Uttar Pradesh.

Question 9.
Write about shearing of wool in the case of rabbits.
Answer:
First-time wool cutting can be done at the age of 4 months. Wool should be at least 2 inches long. At the age of one year, maximum wool yield can be obtained. Annual production from one animal is 500-700 gm of wool.

Question 10.
Write about getting training about the rearing of sheep/goats, rabbits, etc.
Answer:
One can get training from the Deputy Director (Animal husbandry) of the concerned district, Rishi Vigyan Kendra, GADVASU Ludhiana.

Long Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Write details about breeds of goat.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 2.
Write details about the breeds of pigs.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Guide Pig, Sheep, Goat and Rabbit Rearing Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. White Yorkshire is breed of :
(a) Hen
(b) Pig
(c) Cow
(d) Sheep
Answer:
(b) Pig

2. Breed of goat is :
(a) Saanen
(b) Boer
(c) Beetal
(d) Marino
Answer:
(d) Marino

3. Males which are for mutton purpose should be castrated at the age of:
(a) 2 month
(b) 10 month
(c) 15 month
(d) 20 month
Answer:
(a) 2 month

4. Female pig can give birth to piglets per farrowing :
(a 25-30
(b) 10-12
(c) 20-25
(d) 30-40
Answer:
(b) 10-12

5. Female rabit can become pregnant at the age of ……………….. for the first time :
(a) 3-4 month
(b) 6-9 month
(c) 15-20 month
(d) 12-13 month
Answer:
(b) 6-9 month

True/False:

1. Reproduction in pigs is very rapid and they also eat less.
Answer:
True

2. Healthy female pig comes in beat at the age of 3-4 months for the first time.
Answer:
False

3. In a shed of 160 square feet, 10 young pigs can be reared.
Answer:
False

4. Indigenous breeds of goat are-Beetal, Jamnapari.
Answer:
True

5. Breeds of sheep are-Marino, Corridale.
Answer:
True

Fill in the Blanks:

1. Female pig can give birth twice in a year and can produce ……………… piglets per farrowing.
Answer:
10-12

2. Gestation period of sheep and goat is same and is ……………. days.
Answer:
145-157

3. Female rabbit can become pregnant at the age of …………………… months for the first time.
Answer:
6-9

4. Annual wool yield from Russian, British and German Angora is respectively 215, 230, …………… grams.
Answer:
530

5. Average age of rabbit is ………………….. years.
Answer:
5

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Book Solutions Chapter 8 Poultry Farming Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Agriculture Chapter 8 Poultry Farming

Agriculture Guide for Class 9 PSEB Poultry Farming Textbook Questions and Answers

(A) Answer in 1-2 words:

Question 1.
At what age hen starts laying eggs?
Answer:
After 160 days.

Question 2.
Name two breeds of meat-type poultry.
Answer:
IBL-80 Broiler and White Plymouth Rock.

Question 3.
What is the average egg weight?
Answer:
55 gram.

Question 4.
Which hen gives white eggs?
Answer:
White Leghorn.

Question 5.
How many eggs are produced by Rhode Island Red annually?
Answer:
180 eggs.

Question 6.
Which gas is produced in poultry litter?
Answer:
Ammonia.

Question 7.
Which device is used to give heat to chicks?
Answer:
Brooder.

Question 8.
What is the height of the poultry shed?
Answer:
10 feet.

Question 9.
What is the size of the cage for two birds?
Answer:
15 inches long and 12 inches wide.

Question 10.
Whether feed consumption increases or decreases in the winter season?
Answer:
Increases.

(B) Answer in 1-2 sentences:

Question 1.
What is meant by poultry?
Answer:
The meaning of poultry is the rearing of birds (all types) to fulfill the economical needs of human beings. It includes chicken, turkey, ducks, geese, Japanese quails, emu, etc.

Question 2.
Give details of local desi breeds of layers.
Answer:
Breeds of the hen.

1. Sutlej Layer: Punjab Layer-1 and Punjab Layer-2 are two types of this breed. It lays 255-265 eggs annually. The average weight of one egg is 55 grams.
2. IBL-80 Broiler: It is a breed of hen which is reared for meat purposes. It weighs 1350-1450 grams at the age of 6 weeks.

Question 3.
Compare White Leghorn and Rhode Island Red hens.
Answer:

Question 4.
Which nutrients are required for the growth of birds?
Answer:
Birds require about 40 feed nutrients. These nutrients can be divided into 6 classes i.e. carbohydrates, proteins, fat, minerals, vitamins, and water.

Question 5.
Explain poultry shed.
Answer:
Sheds of hen must be made at a higher elevation and they should be connected with road so that the transport of eggs, feed, and poultry litter is made easy. Rainwater should not collect around the shed.

Question 6.
Explain poultry management in summer.
Answer:
Birds don’t have sweat glands in their body and they have enough feathers so they face difficulty in summers. Plant mulberry trees and grass should be around the shed. Sprinkle water on the roof of the shed as this reduces the temperature of the shed in the summer. Sidewalls shouldn’t be more than 1 to 1.5 feet high. The wire mesh net is a must on the side walls. A thick layer of straw should be spread on the roof of the shed. In extremely hot conditions sprinkle water on the hens with a spray pump. Change the water regularly and increase the number of waterers in the shed.

Question 7.
What is the importance of poultry litter management?
Answer:
Keep the litter dry always. Many diseases are caused by wet litter. Thus ammonia gas is produced which causes difficulties for birds and as well as humans.

Question 8.
Name the breeds reared for meat purposes.
Answer:
IBL-80 Broiler, Rhode Island Red, and White Plymouth Rock are the main breeds of hen which are reared for their meat.

Question 9.
Give details of the IBL-80 breed.
Answer:
This breed is reared for meat purposes. It weighs 1350:1450 grams in six weeks.

Question 10.
How poultry feed is prepared?
Answer:
It contains maize, broken rice, wheat, rice polish, groundnut cake, fish meal, limestone, and common salt, etc. Antibiotics are also added to their poultry feed.

(C) Answer in 5-6 sentences:

Question 1.
Give details of exotic poultry breeds.
Answer:

• White Leghorn: The egg of this breed is white. It lays 220-250 eggs annually. Its meat is not tasty. It is of small size and eats less feed.
• Rhode Island Red: Its egg color is red. It lays 180 eggs annually. It eats more and it is reared for its meat.
• White Plymouth Rock: It lays 140 eggs annually. Its egg color is brown and its weight is more than 60 grams. Its chick attains a bodyweight of 1 kg at the age of 2 months.

Question 2.
Explain the feed nutrients of poultry.
Answer:
For proper growth and egg production, birds need 40 types of feed nutrients. Deficiency of any nutrient may cause deterioration in health and egg production. These nutrients can be classified into six categories, carbohydrates, protein, fat, minerals, vitamins, and water.

Question 3.
What is the difference between summer and winter management of poultry?
Answer:
Summer management. Birds don’t have sweat glands in their body and they have enough feathers so they face difficulty in summers. Plant mulberry trees and grass should be around the shed. Sprinkle water on the roof of shed as this reduces the temperature of the shed m the summer. Side walls shouldn’t be more than 1 to 1.5 feet high.

Wire mesh net is must on the side walls. A thick layer of straw should be spreaded on the roof of the shed. In extreme hot conditions sprinkle water on the hens with spray pump. Change the water regularly and increase the number of waterers in the shed.

Winter Management. When temperature is below 0°C in winter it has bad effect on birds. If suitable temperature is not maintained in the shed then birds can eat 3-5 kg feed extra. Cover windows with curtains and stir the litter twice a week.

Question 4.
From where poultry training can be attained?
Answer:
Before starting a poultry farm, one should get proper training first. One can contact Deputy Director (Animal husbandary), GADVASU, Ludhiana or Krishi Vigyan Kendra of concerned district for this purpose.

Question 5.
Write a note on management of chicks.
Answer:
Chicks should be purchased from an approved and trusted hatchery. Keep young chicks in a brooder which is a device used to give warmth to the chicks. Keep the chicks in light for 24 hours for the first 6-8 weeks and give them balanced good quality feed.

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
How many eggs are given by Sutlej Layer in a year?
Answer:
255-265 annually.

Question 2.
What is average body weight of IBL-80 broiler at the age of 6 weeks?
Answer:
1230-1450 gram.

Question 3.
At what age hen starts laying eggs?
Answer:
At the age of 160 days:

Question 4.
What is the weight of egg given by Sutlej layer?
Answer:
Approximately 55 gram.

Question 5.
Write types of Sutlej layer.
Answer:
Punjab layer-1, Punjab layer-2

Question 6.
Give name of breeds of hen found in world?
Answer:
White Leghorn, Rhode Island Red, White Plymouth Rock.

Question 7.
How many eggs are given by White Leghorn?
Answer:
In a year about 220-250 eggs.

Question 8.
What is the colour of eggs given by Rhode island red?
Answer:
These are brown in colour.

Question 9.
How many eggs are given by white plymouth rock?
Answer:
About 140 eggs annually.

Question 10.
How many feed nutrients are required by hens?
Answer:
They need 40 feed nutrients.

Question 11.
In how many classes feed nutrients are divided which are required by hens?
Answer:
Six classes i.e. carbohydrates, proteins, fat, minerals, vitamins and water.

Question 12.
What should be the increase in protein, minerals and vitamins in feed of hen in summer?
Answer:
About 20-30%.

Question 13.
Wet litter leads to production of which gas?
Answer:
It leads to production of ammonia.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which of the birds are reared to fulfil the economical needs of human beings?
Answer:
Chicken, turkey, ducks, geese, emu, Japanese quails etc. are the birds which are reared to fulfil the economical needs of human beings.

Question 2.
Why do birds find it hard to beair hot season of summer?
Answer:
Birds do not have sweat glands but have enough of feathres and thus they find it hard to bear hot season of summer.

PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Guide Poultry Farming Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Hen start laying eggs in :
(a) 50 days
(b) 160 days
(c) 500 days
(d) 250 days.
Answer:
(b) 160 days

2. Device which is used to keep chicks warm is called :
(a) microwave oven
(b) Brooder
(c) angeethi
(d) Tava
Answer:
(b) Brooder

3. Which gas is produced from little?
(a) Oxygen
(b) Hydrogen
(c) Ammonia
(d) Helium
Answer:
(c) Ammonia

4. Colour of egg obtained from Rhode island, red is:
(a) Khaki
(b) White
(c) Black
(d) Orange
Answer:
(a) Khaki

5. Average weight of egg obtained from Sutlej layer is :
(a) 10 gram
(b) 20 gram
(c) 100 gram
(d) 55 gram
Answer:
(d) 55 gram

True/False:

1. ‘Poultry’ is a word that includes all types of birds that are reared to fulfill their economical needs.
Answer:
True

2. Sutlej Layer is a type of breed of hen that gives about 255-265 eggs annually and the weight of the egg is 55 grams. A hen starts laying egg at the age of 160 days.
Answer:
True

3. White Leghorn is an exotic breed that lay 100-200 eggs annually.
Answer:

4. Rhode Island Red gives about 180 eggs annually, egg is of brown colors.
Answer:
True

5. IBL – 80 Broiler is a breed of hen which is reared for meat purpose. At the age of 6 weeks its body weight becomes 1350-1450 gram.
Answer:
True

Fill in the Blanks:

1. Device which is used to keep chicks warm is called ……………..
Answer:
brooder

2. A Hen needs …………….. foot space.
Answer:
2 sq

3. Birds cannot sweat because they don’t have …………….. in the skin.
Answer:
sweat glands

4. White Plymouth Rock gives …………….. eggs annually and chick weight at the age of two months is 1 kg.
Answer:
140

5. Hens require about …………….. feed nutrients in their feed. Feed is divided into 6 parts i.e. carbohydrates, proteins, fat, minerals, vitamins, and water.
Answer:
40

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Book Solutions Chapter 7 Milk Products and their Marketing Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Agriculture Chapter 7 Milk Products and their Marketing

Agriculture Guide for Class 9 PSEB Milk Products and their Marketing Textbook Questions and Answers

(A) Answer in 1-2 words:

Question 1.
What is the yield of Khoa from cow milk?
Answer:
We can. get 200-gram otKhoa from one-kilogram cow milk.

Question 2.
What is the yield of Khoa from buffalo milk?
Answer:
We can get 250 grams of Khoa from one kilogram of buffalo milk.

Question 3.
What is the yield of Paneer from cow milk?
Answer:
We can get 180 grams of Paneer from one-kilogram cow milk.

Question 4.
What is the yield of Paneer from buffalo milk?
Answer:
We can get 250 grams of Paneer from one-kilogram buffalo milk.

Question 5.
Write the names of fermented milk products.
Answer:
Dahi, Lassi.

Question 6.
What is the fat percentage in cow milk?
Answer:
At least 4%.

Question 7.
What is the solids-not-fat (SNF) percentage in cow milk?
Answer:
8.5% (SNF).

Question 8.
What is the fat percentage in buffalo milk?
Answer:
6% fat.

Question 9.
What is the solids-not-fat (SNF) percentage in buffalo milk?
Answer:
9% S.N.F.

Question 10.
What is the fat percentage of intoned milk?
Answer:
There is 3% of fat available in toned milk.

(B) Answer in 1-2 sentences:

Question 1.
What is the importance of milk in the human diet?
Answer:
Milk has high nutritive value and is easily digestible. Milk is a balanced diet and it is very significant amongst the vegetarian population. Nutrients like fat, protein, vitamins, bone-forming minerals are present in milk.

Question 2.
Which are the nutrients present in milk?
Answer:
Milk contains body-building proteins bone-forming minerals like calcium etc., vitamins, proteins, fats, etc. all the nutrients are present in milk.

Question 3.
Which milk products are being prepared on a commercial scale?
Answer:
Khoa, Paneer, Dahi, etc., and many sweets are prepared using Khoa and Paneer. Some other milk products prepared at the commercial level are standardized milk, toned milk, yogurt, skin milk powder, butter, ice cream, etc.

Question 4.
What is the shelf-life of Khoa?
Answer:
Khoa can be preserved for 13 days at room temperature and for two and a half months in a cold store.

Question 5.
How Ghee can be preserved for a long time?
Answer:
Ghee can be stored under sealed pack conditions in lacquered tin containers at 21°C and can be stored for 6-12 months. Moisture content should be low in Ghee.

Question 6.
What is the shelf-life of Paneer?
Answer:
If Paneer is prepared properly, it can be stored in a refrigerator for two weeks. Depending upon the method adopted to prepare Paneer it can be stored for 2-4 days to 5-6 months.

Question 7.
From where the training for the preparation of milk products can be obtained?
Answer:
From Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, National Dairy Reeeardll Institute, Karnal (Haryana), Guru Angad Dev Vettfdnajy, and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana.

Question 8.
Give the legal standards of double-toned milk and standardized milk.
Answer:

Question 9.
How Khoa can be preserved?
Answer:
The Khoa can be preserved by keeping it at low temperature in polythene bags for up to 13 days at room temperature and up to 75 days (two and half months) in cold storage.

Question 10.
Which are the sweets prepared from Khoa?
Answer:
Gulab Jamun, Burfi, Kalakand, Peda, etc. are the sweets that can be prepared from Khoa.

(C) Answer in 5-6 sentences:

Question 1.
What are the advantages of selling milk products?
Answer:
Raw milk can spoil easily that is why milk products are prepared so that milk can be preserved for a longer time. As compared to milk, the milk products can be sold at higher prices and farmers can get more profit. Milk products are less voluminous than milk and have less weight than milk and the transportation cost is also less. There are no middlemen in marketing milk products and that is why profit is more. Family members also get self-employment at home.

Question 2.
What is a method of Paneer preparation?
Answer:
Some drops of lactic or citric acid are mixed (in natural or chemical form) in boiled hot milk which gets coagulated, whey is drained, and Paneer is obtained. This Paneer is pressed to get a single lump. This is stored in the refrigerator for two weeks.

Question 3.
Write the method of khoa preparation?
Answer:
Milk is heated continuously in a Karahi (Iron Pan) and constantly stirring-cum-scrapping is done by using Khunti (scrapper) till it reaches a semi-solid (doughy) stage. Then the contents of the pan are removed from the fire and worked up to make a solid mass known as Khoa-pat. We can get 200 grams of Khoa from 1 kg cow milk and 250 gram of Khoa from 1 kg of buffalo milk.

Question 4.
What are the legal standards for di£^milks?
Answer:
Following are the legal standards for SiffetenriT 41ks

• Cow milk should have 4% fat and 8.5% SNF (SolTds-not-fat)
• Buffalo milk should have 6% fat and 9% SNF (Solids-not- fat).
• The legal standards for other fluid milk products are as under:
• Toned milk should have 3.0% fat and 8.5% SNF.
• Double-toned milk should have 1.5% fat and 9.0% SNF.
• Standardized milk should have 4.5% fat and 8.5% SNF.

Question 5.
Which are the points to be kept in mind for successful marketing of milk products?
Answer:

1. We have to adopt hygienic conditions of milk during the processing of milk.
2. We have to maintain the legal standards of milk.
3. Farmers can prepare milk products that can be easily prepared and sold in the market.
4. There should be a proper linkage between farmers (milk producers) and the city market.
5. Farmers should sell their milk and milk products through cooperative societies to avoid middlemen.
6. Farmers should adopt the latest and modern techniques for processing milk.

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Why transportation of milk products is easy?
Answer:
Milk products are less in weight as compared to milk.

Question 2.
For how many days can we preserve Khoa at room temperature?
Answer:
For 13 days.

Question 3.
What is added to boiled hot milk to get Paneer?
Answer:
Citric Acid or lactic acid.

Question 4.
What is the reason for the spoiling of Ghee?
Answer:
Exposure to light, air, and water.

Question 5.
Which of the sweets can be prepared from Paneer?
Answer:
Rasgulla, Chhana murki.

Question 6.
Where is National Dairy Research Institute located?
Answer:
In Karnal (Haryana).

Question 7.
What is the fat percentage present in toned milk?
Answer:
3.0%.

Question 8.
What is the amount of S.N.F. intoned milk?
Answer:
8.5%.

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
For whom milk is an essential part of the diet?
Answer:
Pregnant women, children, youngsters, adults, and also patients.

Question 2.
What is the advantage of selling milk products?
Answer:
We get more profit from milk products as compared to milk.

Question 3.
How is 50% of the total milk produced, consumed?
Answer:
50% of the total milk produced is consumed in the making of commonly used milk products.

Question 4.
What are the milk products made from milk?
Answer:
Khoa-based sweets, Chhana sweets, Kheer, Kulfi, Ice-cream, Toned milk, Makhan, etc.

Long Answer Type Question:

Question 1.
Write methods to prepare and preserve Ghee.
Answer:
Ghee is prepared from heating the Makhan or Cream. We can preserve Ghee by properly packing it. Don’t allow it to expose to light, air, and water and that is why it should be packed in sealed containers. Ghee with high moisture tends to spoil faster.

PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Guide Milk Products and their Marketing Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. We can get ……………. khoa from one kg milk of cow.
(a) 200 gram
(B) 500 gram
(c) 700 gram
(d) 300 gram.
Answer:
(a) 200 gram

2. Fat percentage in cow milk is :
(a) 4%
(b) 50%
(c) y2%
(d) 70%
Answer:
(b) 50%

3. Fat in toned milk is :
(a) 54%
(b) 3%
(c) 10%
(d) 25%.
Answer:
(b) 3%

4. Paneer obtained from one kg of buffalo milk is :
(a) 100 gram
(b) 50 gram
(c) 520 gram
(d) 250 gram
Answer:
(d) 250 gram

5. Percentage of SNF in double toned milk is :
(a) 3%
(b) 1%
(c) 9%
(d) 2%
Answer:
(c) 9%

True/False:

1. Milk products are—Khoa, Paneer (Cheese), Ghee, Dahi (curd), etc.
Answer:
True

2. We can get 200 grams of Khoa and 80 grams of Paneer from one-kilogram cow milk.
Answer:
False

3. Milk has high nutritive value like protein, calcium for bones, and other minerals.
Answer:
True

4. Milk is not a boon to mankind. Milk is ideal and unique food for mankind.
Answer:
False

5. Buffalo milk should have 6% of fat and the value of solid not-fat (S.N.F.) should be 9%.
Answer:
True

Fill in the Blanks:

1. ……………….. institutes play important role in the marketing of milk.
Answer:
Co-operative

2. Types of milk are – Toned milk, double toned milk and ………………..
Answer:
standardized milk

3. We can earn more profit by preparing different milk ………………..
Answer:
products

4. Raw milk can ……………….. easily. Therefore, milk can be processed and preserved for a long time by preparing different milk products.
Answer:
spoil

5. We can get 250 grams of Khoa and ……………….. of Paneer from one kg buffalo milk.
Answer:
250 grams