Bhagya – Page 9 – PSEB Solutions

PSEB 9th Class Hindi Vyakaran तत्सम-तद्भव

January 17, 2025January 16, 2025 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Hindi Book Solutions Hindi Grammar tatsam tadbhav तत्सम-तद्भव Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 9th Class Hindi Grammar तत्सम-तद्भव

(i) तद्भव शब्दों के तत्सम रूप लिखें:
PSEB 9th Class Hindi Vyakaran तत्सम-तद्भव 1
उत्तर:

(ii) तत्सम शब्दों के तद्भव रूप लिखें:
PSEB 9th Class Hindi Vyakaran तत्सम-तद्भव 3
उत्तर:

एक वाक्य में उत्तर दीजिए

प्रश्न 1.
तत्सम किसे कहते हैं?
उत्तर:
संस्कृत के वे शब्द जो हिंदी में ज्यों के त्यों प्रयोग में लाए जाते हैं उन्हें तत्सम कहते हैं।

प्रश्न 2.
तद्भव किसे कहते हैं?
उत्तर:
संस्कृत से बनने वाले वे शब्द जो हिंदी में थोड़ा रूप बदल कर प्रयोग में लाए जाते हैं उन्हें तद्भव कहते है।

प्रश्न 3.
तत्सम का शाब्दिक अर्थ लिखिए। उत्तर-तत्सम का शाब्दिक अर्थ है-तत् + सम अर्थात् इसके समान।

प्रश्न 4.
तद्भव का शाब्दिक अर्थ लिखिए।
उत्तर:
तद्भव का शाब्दिक अर्थ तत् + भव अर्थात् ‘इससे होने वाले’ है।

प्रश्न 5.
तत्सम शब्दों के दो उदाहरण दीजिए।
उत्तर:
तत्सम शब्दों के उदाहरण हैं-उच्च, अंधकार, उज्ज्वल, कर्म।

प्रश्न 6.
तद्भव शब्दों के दो उदाहरण दीजिए।
उत्तर:
तद्भव शब्दों के उदाहरण हैं-ऊँचा, अचरज, पत्ता, मोती।

एक शब्द में उत्तर दीजिए-

प्रश्न 1.
हिंदी में संस्कृत के शब्दों का अधिकता से प्रयोग किया जाता है। उत्तर–हाँ।

प्रश्न 2.
‘कर्म’ तथा ‘सर्प’ दोनों शब्द तत्सम हैं।
उत्तर:
हाँ।

प्रश्न 3.
संस्कृत के जो शब्द थोड़े-से परिवर्तन के साथ हिंदी में प्रयुक्त किए जाते हैं उन्हें तद्भव कहते हैं।
उत्तर:
हाँ।

प्रश्न 4.
कच्छप, कोकिल, प्रहेलिका और पीत शब्द तत्सम हैं।
उत्तर:
हाँ।

प्रश्न 5.
चोरी, कुम्हार, गिनना, झनकार और सपना तद्भव शब्द हैं।
उत्तर:
हाँ।

प्रश्न 6.
अग्नि, अक्षि, अग्र, आग, आम्र में तद्भव शब्द ‘अग्र’ है।
उत्तर:
नहीं।

प्रश्न 7.
स्रोत भाषा संस्कृत से अनेक तद्भव शब्दों की उत्पत्ति होती है।
उत्तर:
हाँ।

हाँ/नहीं में उत्तर दीजिए

प्रश्न 1.
‘उंगली’ का तत्सम ‘अंगुलि’ होता है।
उत्तर:
हाँ।

प्रश्न 2.
‘अक्षि’ का तद्भव ‘आँख’ होता है।
उत्तर:
हाँ।

प्रश्न 3.
‘शरद’ तत्सम शब्द है।
उत्तर:
नहीं।

प्रश्न 4.
‘हस्ति’ तत्सम शब्द है।
उत्तर:
हाँ।

प्रश्न 4.
‘चौरी’ और ‘चौर्य’ समान अर्थ देने वाले तद्भव शब्द हैं।
उत्तर:
नहीं।

प्रश्न 5.
‘कुम्हार’ तत्सम शब्द है।
उत्तर:
नहीं।

प्रश्न 6.
‘नाखून’ तद्भव शब्द है।
उत्तर:
हाँ।

प्रश्न 7.
‘मयूर’ तद्भव शब्द का उदाहरण है।
उत्तर:
नहीं।

प्रश्न 8.
‘ग्राहक’ तत्सम शब्द है।
उत्तर:
हाँ।

प्रश्न 9.
‘हिय’ तत्सम शब्द है।
उत्तर:
नहीं।

रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति कीजिए

प्रश्न 1.
हिंदी में संस्कृत ………….. प्रयोग किया जाता है।
उत्तर:
के शब्दों का अधिकता के साथ

प्रश्न 2.
स्रोत भाषा अर्थात् …………. से विकसित होने वाली।
उत्तर:
संस्कृत भाषा।

प्रश्न 1.
शब्द किसे कहते हैं?
उत्तर:
दो या दो से अधिक सार्थक वर्णों के मेल को शब्द कहते हैं। जैसे–’बालक’ ध्वनि के उच्चारण से बालक’ का निश्चित अर्थ मिलता है।

प्रश्न 2.
हिंदी भाषा में किस प्रकार के शब्दों का अधिक प्रयोग होता है?
उत्तर:
हिंदी भाषा में संस्कृत तथा संस्कृत के कुछ बदले हुए रूप के शब्दों का अधिक प्रयोग होता है; जैसेसंस्कृत के ‘दुग्ध’, ‘घृत’ शब्द तथा इनके कुछ बदले हुए रूप; जैसे-दूध, घी। संस्कृत के मूल शब्दों को ‘तत्सम तथा संस्कृत के बदले हुए रूप के शब्दों को तद्भव कहते हैं।

प्रश्न 3.
‘तत्सम’ शब्दों से क्या तात्पर्य है?
उत्तर:
संस्कृत भाषा के वे शब्द जो अपने मूल रूप में हिन्दी में प्रयुक्त होते हैं, उन्हें तर म शब्द कहते हैं; जैसेसूर्य, चंद्र, कुपुत्र, सुपुत्र, उच्च, आश्रय, अक्षर।

प्रश्न 4.
‘तद्भव’ शब्दों से क्या तात्पर्य है?
उत्तर:
संस्कृत भाषा के वे शब्द जो अपना रूप बदल कर हिन्दी में प्रयुक्त होते हैं, उन्हें तद्भव शब्द कहते हैं; जैसे-सूरज, चाँद, कुपूत, सुपूत, ऊँचा, आसरा, आखर।

तत्सम, तद्भव शब्द
PSEB 9th Class Hindi Vyakaran तत्सम-तद्भव 5

PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 14 Handicraft and Industry

January 17, 2025January 16, 2025 by Bhagya

This PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 14 Handicraft and Industry will help you in revision during exams.

PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 14 Handicraft and Industry

→ Cottage of Industries of India: India was known for its cottage industries from ancient times. But these industries declined during the British rule.

→ Reasons for the decline of cottage industries:

End of local rule
Machine-made goods were of good quality and cheap as well
People of new classes liked the machine-made goods, goods of cottage industries were expensive, sending of Indian raw material to Britain.

→ Establishment of modern industries: New (modern) industries were established during British rule such as-Cotton textile, jute, coal, Tea, Iron, matchstick, etc.

→ Factory Acts: Laborers started to be exploited in new industries. The government passed Factory Acts to improve their condition.

PSEB 9th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 1 Number Systems Ex 1.2

January 17, 2025January 16, 2025 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 1 Number Systems Ex 1.2 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 1 Number Systems Ex 1.2

Question 1.
State whether the following statements are true or false. Justify your answers:
(i) Every irrational number is a real number.
Answer:
This statement is true. The collection of real numbers contain all the rational numbers and all the irrational numbers.

(ii) Every point on the number line is of the form √m, where m is a natural number.
Answer:
This statement is false. The negative numbers represented on the number line are never of the form √m, where m is a natural number. For natural number m, √m is always a positive number.

(iii) Every real number is an irrational number.
Answer:
This statement is false. The collection of real numbers is made-up of rational numbers and irrational numbers. So, every real number is either a rational number or an irrational number.

Question 2.
Are the square roots of all positive integers irrational? if not, give an example of the square root of a number that is a rational number.
Answer:
No, The square roots of all positive integers are not irrational. The square root of any perfect square number is always a rational number.
e.g., √4 = 2, √9 = 3, √16 = 4, ……

Question 3.
Show how √5 can be represented on the number line.
Answer:
PSEB 9th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 1 Number Systems Ex 1.2 1

Start by taking point O on the number line which represents O. Choosing proper unit, locate point A on the number line to represent
1. Draw seg AB of unit length perpendicular to seg OA. Construct seg OB. Then, by Pythagoras’ theorem, OB = √2. Draw seg BC of unit length perpendicular to seg OB. Construct seg OC.
Then, OC = √3. Draw seg CD of unit length perpendicular to seg OC. Construct seg OD.
Then, OD = √4. Draw seg DE of unit length perpendicular to seg OD. Construct seg 0E.
Then, 0E = √5. Draw an arc with centre O and radius OE to Intersect the number line at P Then, point P on the number line represents √5.

Alternate Method:
This can be solved In fewer steps as shown in the following manner:
On the number line l, take a point O corresponding to 0. Choosing the proper unit, take a point A on l such that OA = 2 units. Construct right angled Δ OAP such that ΔOAP = 90° and AP = 1 unit.
PSEB 9th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 1 Number Systems Ex 1.2 2
Then, by Pythagoras theorem,
OP² = OA² + AP²
= (2)² + (1)² = 4 + 1 = 5
∴ OP = √5
Draw an arc with centre O and radius OP to intersect l at B. B is the point corresponding to Draw an arc with centre O and radius OP to intersect I at B. B is the point corresponding to √5.

Question 4.
Classroom activity (Constructing the ‘square root spiral’): Take a large sheet of paper and construct the ‘square root spiral’ in the following fashion. Start with a point O and draw a line segment OP₁ of unit length. Draw a line segment P₁P₂ perpendicular to OP₁ of unit length (see Fig. 1.9). Now draw a line segment P₂P₃ perpendicular to OP₂. Then draw a line segment P₃P₄ perpendicular to OP₃. Continuing in this manner, you can get the line segment P_n-1P_n by drawing a line segment of unit length perpendicular to OP_n-1. In this manner, you will have created the points P₂, P₃, …………, P_n, ………, and joined them to create a beautiful spiral depicting √2, √3, √4, ………..
PSEB 9th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 1 Number Systems Ex 1.2 3
Answer:
Take a large sheet of paper and construct the ‘square root spiral’ in the following fashion:

Start with a point O and draw a line segment OP₁ of unit length. Draw a line segment P₁P₂ perpendicular to OP₁ of unit length (see Fig. 1.9). Now draw a line segment P₂P₃ perpendicular to OP₂. Then draw a line segment P₃P₄ perpendicular to OP₃. Continuing in this manner, you can get the line segment P_n-1P_n by drawing a line segment of unit length perpendicular to OP_n-1. In this manner, you will have created the points P₂, P₃, …………, P_n, ………, and joined them to create a beautiful spiral depicting √2, √3, √4, ………..

PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 13 Colonialism and Tribal Society

January 17, 2025January 16, 2025 by Bhagya

This PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 13 Colonialism and Tribal Society will help you in revision during exams.

PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 13 Colonialism and Tribal Society

→ Tribal society: Tribal society is related to the tribal people of the country who live in ancient conditions in forests, valleys, and in far-off mountains. They basically live in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Bihar, Orissa, and the mountainous region of Madhya Pradesh.

→ Important Tribes: Gond, Bhil, Santhal, Mizos, Mundas, etc. are the important tribes of the country.

→ Revolts of Tribal people: Many tribal people revolted against the policies of the British government in the 19th century. Bhils in Madhya Pradesh, Mundas in Bihar, Gonds in Orissa, and Santhals in Bihar-Bengal revolted in a great deal.

→ Birsa Munda: Birsa Munda was the leader of the Munda tribe. He was a very powerful person.

→ Revolt of Santhals: Tribal people, living in the mountains of Rajmahal, of the Santhal tribe, revolted in 1855 A.D. under the leadership of Sidhu and Kanhu. They declared themselves independent by defying the company’s rule.

→ The British got control of the situation in 1856 A.D. after using military force. The government made a separate district of the Santhal Pargana so that the Santhal people should remain happy.

→ Result of Revolts of Tribal people: Tribal people became conscious from a social and religious point of view due to these revolts.

PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 12 Rural Life and Society

January 17, 2025January 16, 2025 by Bhagya

This PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 12 Rural Life and Society will help you in revision during exams.

PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 12 Rural Life and Society

→ Land Revenue System of the British:

The English East India Company got ‘Diwani’ rights of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa from the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam in 1765 A.D, As a result, the Company started collecting land revenue from these provinces.
The Company wanted to collect more and more revenue.
That’s why they adopted many new systems of land.
First of all, the company started to give land on contract.
The higher bidder was getting the right to collect tax from a particular area.

→ New Land Settlements:

After this, the British made land settlements in new different ways in India.
Out of these, Permanent Settlement, Ryotwari system, Mahalwari system were important.

→ Permanent Settlement of Land:

Lord Cornwallis introduced the Permanent Settlement of land in Bengal in 1793.
According to it, the landlords or zamindars became the permanent owners of the land and the peasants were crushed.

→ Ryotwari System:

This system of land settlement was introduced in Madras and Bombay.
According to this system, the government officers directly collected land revenue from the farmers.

→ Mahalwari System: This system of land settlement was introduced in Western U.P, Punjab, and Delhi.

→ Impact of Land Revenue System: Farmers became poor with the land revenue systems of the British and came into the clutches of debt.

PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 11 Administrative Structure, Growth of Colonial Army and Civilian Administration

January 17, 2025January 16, 2025 by Bhagya

This PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 11 Administrative Structure, Growth of Colonial Army and Civilian Administration will help you in revision during exams.

PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 11 Administrative Structure, Growth of Colonial Army and Civilian Administration

→ Regulating Act: This Act was passed in 1773 A.D., now the British government controlled the activities of the English Company.

→ Pitt’s India Act: This Act was passed in 1784 A.D. According to this Act, the position of Governor-General was strengthened.

→ Civil Services: Lord Cornwallis started civil services in India to fill higher government jobs. Indians were kept away from these.

→ Police: The British organised the police system in a new way. They started the system of Police-Thanas.

→ Law and Justice: Same laws were introduced in the country. Courts were established in the country and the job was done in the local language.

→ The Charter Act of 1833: According to the Charter Act, all the military and civil rights were grafted to the Governor-General and his council.

→ The Charter Act of 1853: Executive and Legislative were separated from each other through this Act. There were 12 members of the newly established legislature.

PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 10 The Establishment of East India Company

January 17, 2025January 16, 2025 by Bhagya

This PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 10 The Establishment of East India Company will help you in revision during exams.

PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 10 The Establishment of East India Company

→ Discovery of a New Sea Route: A Portuguese sailor Vasco-de-Gama discovered the new sea route to India in 1498 A.D.

→ European Communities in India: The Portuguese, the English, the French, and the Dutch came to India for trade.

→ Factories: Trading centers of European Companies in India were called ‘Factories’.

→ The British East India Company: The British established the East India Company in 1600 A.D. It opened trade centres in India and checked the expansion of other European trading companies.

→ The French East India Company: Although the French East India Company was established in 1664 A.D., much later than the British company, yet it made great progress in India.

→ Carnatic Wars: The Carnatic Wars were fought between the British and the French. The British won these three wars.

→ Dupleix: Dupleix was the most capable governor of the French possessions in India.

→ Robert Clive: Robert Clive was an able English military commander. He was the founder of the British Empire in India.

→ The victory of Bengal: The British won the battle of Plassey in 1757 A.D. and the battle of Buxar in 1764 A.D. and thus became the real masters of Bengal.

→ Diwani Rights: The Battle of Buxar ended with the Treaty of Allahabad in 1765 A.D. As a result of this treaty, the British got the ‘Diwani Rights’ of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. Now the British were in a position to collect land revenue from these territories.

→ Means of Expansion of Empire: The British Empire was expanded through a number of means such as subsidiary alliance, Doctrine of Lapse, war, Discontinuing pension, etc.

→ Maratha Power: The British defeated powerful Maratha rulers one by one and forced them to accept a subsidiary alliance.

→ The victory of Mysore: The British fought four wars with Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan to conquer Mysore. The British emerged victoriously.

→ Subsidiary Alliances: Lord Wellesley introduced this system for the expansion of the British Empire. Indian rulers who entered into Subsidiary Alliances with the British came completely under British control.

→ The doctrine of Lapse: This policy was started by Lord Dalhousie. If the ruler of a dependent state had no male child, he could not adopt a son. It meant, if a native ruler died without leaving a son behind, the dependent state would pass automatically into the hands of the British.

PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 9 When, Where and How

January 17, 2025January 16, 2025 by Bhagya

This PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 9 When, Where and How will help you in revision during exams.

PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 9 When, Where and How

→ Division of History:

World history has been divided into the ancient period, the medieval period, and the modern period.
In the same way, Indian history has also been divided into three periods i.e. ancient period, the medieval period, and the modern period.

→ Modern Period: Modern period in Europe started in the 16th century but in India, it started in the 18th century.

→ Modern Period in India:

New powers emerged in the modern period.
European powers came to India and British rule was established in India.
Consciousness came among Indians with the spread of western education and national movement started in India.
It led to the freedom of India in 1947 A.D.

→ Sources of History of Modern India: Main sources of the History of Modern India are:

Books
Government Documents
Newspapers, Magazines, and Pamphlets
Historical monuments
Paintings and Sculptures
Letters of political leaders, etc.

PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 8 Disaster Management

January 17, 2025January 16, 2025 by Bhagya

This PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 8 Disaster Management will help you in revision during exams.

PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 8 Disaster Management

→ Natural Hazard: Any natural event that does not occur frequently but is fast enough to threaten life is called a ‘natural hazard’.

→ Natural disasters: The location of the natural hazards and the intensity with which it occurs lead to what are known as natural disasters. Tsunami, earthquakes, cyclones, floods, etc.

→ Earthquake: The sudden mild or violent shaking of a part of the earth is called an earthquake.

→ Seismograph: An instrument is used to record and measure the vibrations of the earthquake.

→ Man-Made disasters: Bomb explosions, terrorism pollution, Dam-burst, industrial accidents, and epidemics.

→ Disaster Management in India: Many institutions have started courses in disaster management. These include:

Central Disaster Management Authority, New Delhi.
Disaster Management National Centre, New Delhi.
Earthquake Information Centre, I.I.T. Kanpur.
Disaster Management Institute, Bhopal.
Indira Gandhi Open University, New Delhi.
Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi.

PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 4 Our Agriculture

January 17, 2025January 16, 2025 by Bhagya

This PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 4 Our Agriculture will help you in revision during exams.

PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 4 Our Agriculture

→ Agriculture: It refers to the cultivation of the soil for growing crops and rearing livestock.

→ Crops: The plant species cultivated by human beings for their use.

→ Livestock: Animals and birds which are reared for human use.

→ Crop Specialization: One particular crop suitable for the region is selected by the farmer to be cultivated by him. This is mainly followed for selling the produce in the market.

→ Organic Farming: In this type of farming, organic manure and natural pesticides are used instead of chemicals.

→ Subsistence Agriculture: Farming in which the product is consumed by the farmer’s household.

→ Commercial Agriculture: Farming in which the produce is grown by the farmer for selling in the market.

→ Intensive Agriculture: The farmer produces more by working hard and using the same field over and over again making use of better agricultural means.

→ Extensive Agriculture: The agriculturist tries to get good output by bringing more and more areas under plough.

→ Mixed Farming: Farming in which animals are also used on the farm while growing crops.

→ Multiple Cropping: When two or more crops are grown at the same time on one and the same field.

→ Sericulture: Commercial rearing of silkworms.

→ Horticulture: Growing vegetables, flowers, and fruits for commercial use.

→ Pisciculture: Breeding of fish in specially constructed tanks and ponds.

→ Viticulture: Cultivation of grapes.

→ More than half of the world’s population is directly or indirectly engaged in agriculture.

→ Favourable topography of soil and climate is vital for agricultural activity.

→ Agriculture depends largely on the relief of land, climate conditions, fertility of the soil, and economic factors.

→ Soils not only support the plant but also act as a medium to supply moisture and nutrients.

→ In intensive agriculture, the aim is to get higher yields per unit area.

→ Extensive agriculture is done with machines in sparsely populated areas.

→ In commercial agriculture, most of the crops are produced for the market.

→ The production of fruit and flowers is called horticulture.

→ In a co-operative farm, all the members work and earn proportionately.

→ Crops and livestock are raised together on the same farm in mixed farming.

→ Shifting cultivation is known by different names in different parts of the world, i.e., Juming, Milpa, Ladang, etc.