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PSEB 12th Class Political Science Solutions Chapter 13 National Integration

October 21, 2024October 20, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 12th Class Political Science Book Solutions Chapter 13 National Integration Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 13 National Integration

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define National Integration. Write suggestions to solve the problems of National Integration in India.
Or
Define National Integration. Explain the difficulties faced in way of National Integration.
Or
Explain three obstacles in the way of National Integration and also give any three suggestions to maintain National Integration in India.
Answer:
National Integration is our basic need. It means national unity or combining all the people of the nation into a single whole. It is a particular sentiment that binds together all people in one common bond. National integration refers to social and political integration within a nation-state. National integration is identifiable by the psychological or attitudinal criterion of an individual’s sense of belonging to his or her own nation. National integration includes nation-building and state-building.

A psychological and educational process……… involving the development of a feeling of unity, solidarity and cohesion, in the hearts of people, a sense of common citizenship (destiny) and a feeling of loyalty to the nation.

National Integration promotes political stability. It is essential to preserve our hard won independence. This problem has assumed new dimensions due to disruptive and divisive forces of communalism and linguism which are raising their ugly head in different parts of the country.

Today India is free but it is like a house divided against its own self. Instead of national integration or unity there is national disintegration. Anti-social and anti-national forces are gaining ground. Prof. R. Bhaskaran rightly observes that we feel the dire need of national integration as there is every fear that clashes can occur here in India due to casteism, communalism, linguism and provincialism. These are the expressions of narrow outlook and activities of the citizens and groups who pursue personal interests above national interests. Though the Indian government has strived to solve the problem of national integration, yet it exists even today.

Hindrances in The Way of National Integration:
There are innumerable hindrances in the way of National Integration owing to linguistic fanaticism, regionalism, separatist tendencies and communalism. Some of these obstacles are as under:
1. Language:
India is a multi-lingual nation. According to the population statistics collected in 1961, 1018 languages are spoken in India and 26 are prominent. They are Hindi, Punjabi, Assamese, Gujarati, Marathi, Bengali, Urdu, English, Tamil, Sindhi, etc. The states were reorganised in 1956 on the lingual basis to promote national integration. But it too, couldn’t solve the problem. Clashes took place in Mumbai over Gujarati and Marathi languages resulting in the division of Mumbai into two parts—Maharashtra and Gujarat in 1960.

Punjab was reconstituted in 1966 on lingual basis, resulting in the formation of Haryana. There is wide-spread grouping in India on the language issue and people are averse to consider this problem open-mindedly, so much so that even now there is no consensus about the national language and though the Constitution has made Hindi the official language, it has been opposed by the southern states in general and by Tamil Nadu in particular.

2. Communalism:
Communalism poses a strong challenge to National Integration. India was partitioned because of Hindu-Muslim communalism and these communal disputes are recurrent even in free India. Communal riots many a time took place in Ranchi, Jabalpur, Indore, Ahmedabad, Aligarh, Muradabad, Jammu & Kashmir. No part of the country is free from communal disturbances. In some parts of the country, religious places are being used for political purposes which is most unfortunate. The communal feelings totally mar the feeling of national unity and hinder the path of National Integration.

3. Casteism:
Casteism is another obstruction in the way of National Integration. Dr. Radhakrishnan, the then Vice-President of India, expressed his view in this context while addressing the first National Integration Conference. He opined that casteism is to be eliminated as a social evil, but it has emerged as a political and administrative evil. Casteism is being staked to win elections and absorb more people in jobs. Shri Jai Prakash Narayan once commented— casteism is the most prominent political party in India. Casteism has crept even into administrative fields.

4. Regionalism:
Regionalism poses another threat to National Integration. Regionalism is largely an outcome of economic and political reasons. The regions which are backward economically launch agitations for their economic development. Even political parties resort to regionalism to strengthen their stand. Akali Dal in Punjab, D.M.K. and Anna D.M.K. in Tamil Nadu, Telgu Desam in Andhra Pardesh —all depended upon regionalism to make themselves strong.

5. Poverty:
Poverty is the greatest hindrance in the way of National Integration. Indian society is replete with poverty. The poor are frustrated to see another class of society being prosperous and so the desperate politicans exploit it to satisfy their political ambitions.

6. Unacceptability of the basic values of the Constitution:
All the political parties do not accept the basic values of the Constitution. The communist and communal parties primarily are opposed to the basic values of Constitution.

7. Lack of Education:Majority of the people in India are illiterate and so the leaders with vested interests easily lead the common people to the path of agitation. Selfish political leaders play with the sentiments of innocent people in the name of religion, caste, language and provincialism to grind, their own axe.

8. Failure of Socialism:
According to Prof. Govind Ram Verma, failure of socialism has all the more complicated problem of National Integration. Had socialism succeeded, all would have enjoyed its fruit. But now unemployment, backwardness, poverty, economic inequality discourage emotional integration creating various political problems.

9. Corruption:
Indian Administration is the very embodiment of corruption which hinders National Integration. People have lost faith in Administration and an atmosphere of chaos and misrule prevails. Such disruptive tendencies severely challenge National Integration.

10. Government’s Policy:
The Government’s policy is considered to be another obstacle in the process of National Integration. The government has miserably failed in curbing disintegrating forces. The Congress leaders have raised voices against casteism, regionalism, communalism from time to time, but it has promoted regionalism and casteism in practice.

11. Sons of the Soil Theory:
Sons of the Soil theory is a serious threat to National Integration. This theory has practically nullified the concept of single Indian citizenship, thereby shaking the very foundation of India’s national unity.

12. Role of Political Parties:
The role of some of the political parties in the process of national integration has been disintegrative and negative. Regional Political Parties have spread the virus of communalism and casteism in the country and thereby they have weakened the process of national integration.

Methods to Remove Hindrances in the way of National Integration:
It is imperative to eliminate all obstacles to achieve National Integration. Here are some of the steps to get rid of these stumbling blocks.

1. Economic Development:
The country should be economically developed to bring about national integration. The possibilities of National Integration can be enhanced by overcoming unemployment, economic inequality, poverty and by properly sharing economic benefits.

2. Reforms in Political Atmosphere:
The political atmosphere in the country should be improved to effect National Integration. The people of different communities, castes and regions lack mutual faith and the same should be inculcated to improve political atmosphere in the country. It will ultimately help in achieving National Integration.

3. Proper Educational System:
Proper Educational System is as vital step to bring about National Integration. The country should have a uniform educational pattern aimed at inculcating the spirit of nationalism among the students who are the future citizens. The teachers in the educational institutions should be nationalists to the backbone.

4. Secularism should be real:
India has been declared a secular state in the Constitution, but it should be put into practice as well. People should be made to develop religious tolerance for other religions.

5. To remove corruption:
The administration should be cleansed of every type of corruption to achieve national integration.

6. Cultural Exchange:
Cultural programmes should be arranged among the people of different communities speaking diverse languages to create national integration.

7. Contribution of Political Parties:
Political parties can significantly contribute to bring about national integration. Political parties should not provoke religious, lingual and regional feelings of the masses for their vested interests, rather they should build a healthy public opinion for national integration.

8. Change in the policies of Government:
The central government must change its policies to create a suitable atmosphere for national integration. The government should give up its discriminatory policies. It should accept the genuine demands of the people without providing an opportunity to launch agitations or movements.

9. Restrictions on Communal Organisations:
Communal organisations should be put under strict control to achieve National Integration. The masses, too, should be enlightened about the propriety of the restrictions imposed upon communal organisations.

Steps taken to achieve National Integration:
The efforts which have been made so far for the achievement of National Integration can be classified under three heads:
1. Legislations passed by the Government.
2. Steps taken by Government and formal organisations.
3. Work done by informal organisations.

1. Legislations passed by the Government:
The government passed two legislations in 1961 to restrict communal propaganda. Any propaganda spreading hatred and enmity among people of different communities was declared a cognizable offence through these legislations. Moreover, there is a provision in the law that if a man is punished under this law, he forefeits his claim to contest elections and to franchise. In 1963, 16th amendment was affected to ensure the unity and sovereignty of the country.

2. Steps taken by Governmental and formal organisations:
A National Integration Conference was held at New Delhi from 28th Sept, to 1st Oct. 1961. The leaders of the political parties, prominent educationists, writers and scientists were invited to participate in it. This conference was of the view that political parties promoted communalism, casteism and regionalism and so they needed a set code of conduct. It contains following points:

(i) No political party should resort to a propaganda creating tension among the communities believing in different religions and speaking different languages.

(ii) The political parties should not launch any movement pertaining to communal, regional and lingual problems.

(iii) Political parties should not disrupt the meeting and exhibitions organised by other parties.

(iv) Political power should not be utilised to fulfil intra-party ends.

(v) The Government shouldn’t impose undesirable restrictions upon the freedom of citizens so that political parties may be able to work freely. The conference formed a National Integration Council consisting of Prime Minister, Home Minister, Chief Ministers of States, seven leaders of political parties, Chairman of University Grants Commission, two educationists, a nominee of scheduled castes and backward classes and seven persons nominated by the Prime Minister.

The Council had to chalk out a code of conduct for the masses, Press and students had to consider the complaints of the minority classes. On 20th June, 1968 the council held its meeting in Srinagar and condemned all tendencies which harm national integration. Communal riots occurred at Ahmedabad in 1969 and at Bhiwandi in May, 1970. The National Integration Council prepared a programme for mass- movement to end communalism. In 1970 the All India Committee of the ruling Congress passed a resolution suggesting that semi-militant and Communal organisations like R.S.S. and Jammait-Islam had no palce in secular society.

In June, 1975, Mrs. Gandhi after declaring internal emergency formed two committees to consider the problem of National Integration. One committee was headed by Brahma Nand Reddy and the second by Prof. Nurul Husan. A meeting was held at Delhi on 28th Nov. 1976, under the chairmanship of Mr. Reddy and seven-point programme was prepared for National Integration. In 1980 National Integration Council was revived. In June, 1987 a meeting of the Committee of National Integration Council was held and it condemned communal and anti-national forces.

Mr. V.P. Singh became Prime Minister on 2nd Dec. 1989. He called meeting of the National Integration Council which at its first meeting in April, 1990 adopted a five-point resolution affirming the resolve of the people to meet the challenges facing the country’s unity, integrity and its secular democratic polity in a united and determined manner.

Reorganisation of National Integration Council 1991. In Oct. 1991 Prime Minister Narsimha Rao reorganised National Integration Council and its members were increased. A meeting of the reconstituted National Integration Council was held on 2nd Nov., 1991 and discussion took place on the methods to maintain communal harmony. In this meeting general consensus was that Babri Masjid should not be touched and Ram Mandir should be built.

Meeting of the Standing Committee of the National Integration Council. On 22nd Oct. 1993 a meeting of the Standing committee of the National Integration Council was held and it supported the actions taken by the government to maintain communal harmony and peace. Reorganisation of National Integration Council-2010. On April, 12, 2010 Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh reorganised National Integration Council. Total members of its organisation is 147. Meeting of National Integration Council was held in Sept. 2013. In this meeting, the Council criticised the communal riots.

3. Work done by informal organisations:
Two informal organisations are prominent
1. Insani Biradri and
2. All India anti-communal committee.
‘Insani Biradri’ was established in 1970. Shri Jai Prakash Narayan was nominated its President and Sheikh Abdullah its Vice-President. But this organisation proved ineffective as it could not define communal organisations. All India Anti-communal Committee was headed by Smt. Subhadra Joshi. This organisation believes that combined forces of communalism are responsible for communal riots and Rashtriya Sawayam Sevak Sangh is prominent of them all.

The sixth conference of this committee was held at Delhi in 1974 and it suggested to put legal restrictions on communal organisations. It is of the view that the representatives of a communal organisation hke Muslim League shouldn’t be given any place in National Integration Council and every effort should be made to secularise educational system.

Conclusion
Thus the way of National Integration is blocked with innumerable hurdles which must be eliminated. It is imperative to develop emotional integration among the diverse communities having diverse languages, religions and diverse customs. So National Integration is necessary because unity is strength. Indians should transcend their petty differences and make Mother India happy, prosperous and united. Let the unity in diversity, the main feature of Indian society, be strengthened for all the times to come.

Question 2.
Discuss the various methods of national integration. What are the four aspects of national integeration?
Answer:
Various methods of National Integration:
National Integration is our basic need. It means national unity or combining all the people of the nation into a single whole. It is a particular sentiment that binds together all people in one common bond. National integration refers to social and political integration within a nation-state. National integration is identifiable by the psychological or attitudinal criterion of an individual’s sense of belonging to his or her own nation. National integration includes nation-building and state-building.

A psychological and educational process……. involving the development of a feeling of unity, solidarity and cohesion, in the hearts of people, a sense of common citizenship (destiny) and a feeling of loyalty to the nation.

5. To remove corruption:
The administration should be cleansed of every type of corruption to achieve national integration.

6. Cultural Exchange:
Cultural programmes should be arranged among the people of different communities speaking diverse languages to create national integration.

(i) No political party should resort to a propaganda creating tension among the communities believing in different religions and speaking different languages.

(ii) The political parties should not launch any movement pertaining to communal, regional and lingual problems.

(iii) Political parties should not disrupt the meeting and exhibitions organised by other parties.

(iv) Political power should not be utilised to fulfil intra-party ends.

The Four Aspects of National Integeration:
1. Psychological Aspect:
Emotional integration of the people forms a key component of National Integration in India and it is taken to mean the development of a strong brotherhood and fraternity among all its people. It essentially stands for psychological and emotional integration of the people into a nation capable of securing its objectives through integrative behaviour.

2. Economic Aspect:
Economic aspect of National Integration means development of all parts of the country and economic disparities should be minimised.

3. Social Aspect:
Social aspect means all classes and communities of India should get equal oppotunities for development. All people should be treated as equal. There should be no discrimination on the basis of caste, colour, religion, sex etc.

4. Political Aspect: Political demands of different regions of the country should be given due consideration.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write down the meaning of National Integration in India.
Or
Write down the meaning of National Integration.
Answer:
National Integration means ur.it” T or combining all the people of the nation into a single whole. It is a particular sentiment that binds together all people in one common bond. National Integration includes nation-building and state-building. In the words of Dr. R.S. Radhakrishnan, “National Integration is not a house which could be built by mortar and bricks. It is not an implementation plan which could be discussed and implemented by experts. Integration, on the contrary, is a thought which must go into the hearts of the people. It is the consciousness which must awaken the people at large.”

Question 2.
What do you know about psychological aspect of National Integration?
Or
What is psychological aspect of National Integration?
Answer:
Emotional integration of the people forms a key component of National Integration in India and it is taken to mean the development of a strong brotherhood and fraternity among all its people. It essentially stands for psychological and emotional integration of the people into a nation capable of securing its objectives through integrative behaviour.

Question 3.
What are the different aspects of National Integration in India?
Answer:

1. Economic Aspect:
Economic aspect of National Integration means development of all parts of the country and economic disparities should be minimised.

2. Social Aspect:
Social aspect means all classes and communities of India should get equal opportunities for development. All people should be treated equal. There should be no discrimination on the basis of caste, colour, religion, sex etc.

3. Political Aspect. Political demands of different regions of the country should be given due considerations.

4. Another aspect of National Integration is psychological.

Question 4.
Explain four hindrances in the way of National Integration.
Or
Write four hindrances in the way of National Integration.
Answer:
1. Language:
India is a multi-lingual nation and in India the role of language has been more disintegrative rather than integrative. So much so that even now there is no consensus about the National Language as Hindi is opposed by some people.

2. Regionalism: Regionalism is a threat to the National Integration. Growing regional feelings have become a burning problem for India.
3. Communalism:
Communalism poses a strong challenge to national integration. Political parties are polluting the political environment by using communal propaganda.

4. Casteism: Casteism is another obstruction in the way of National Integration. The role of caste is growing day-by-day in political affairs.

Question 5.
How are the Communalism and Sons of Soil Principle (Regionalism) important obstacles in the way of National Integration in India?
Or
How does the regionalism influence National Integration in India?
Answer:
Communalism and Regionalism are proving the biggest challenges in the way of National Integration in India.
Communalism:
Communalism poses a strong challenge to National Integration. India was partitioned because of Hindu-Muslim communalism and these communal disputes are recurrent even in free India. Communal riots many a time took place in Ranchi, Jabalpur, Indore, Ahmedabad, Aligarh, Muradabad, Jammu & Kashmir. No part of the country is free from communal disturbances. In some parts of the country, religious places are being used for political purposes which is most unfortunate. The communalistic feelings totally mar the feeling of national unity and hinder the path of National Integration.

Sons of Soil or Regionalism:
Regionalism poses a big threat to National Integration. Regionalism is largely an outcome of economic and political reasons. The regions which are backward economically launch agitations for their economic development. Even political parties resort to regionalism to strengthen their stand.

Question 6.
What is the need of the National Integration in India?
Answer:
National Integration is first and foremost need for any state. Today India is free but it is like a house divided against its own self. Instead of national integration or unity there is national disintegration. Anti-social and anti-national forces are gaining ground. Prof. R. Bhaskaran rightly observes that we feel the dire need of national integration as there is every fear that clashes can occur here in India due to casteism, communalism, linguism and provincialism. These are the expressions of narrow outlook and activities of the citizens and groups who pursue personal interests above national interests. Though the Indian government has strived to solve the problem of national integration, yet it exists even today.

Question 7.
Give any four suggestions to promote National Integration in India.
Answer:
1. Economic Development: The country should be economically developed to bring about national integration.

2. Proper Educational System:
Proper Educational System is a vital step to bring about national integration. The teachers in the educational institutions should be nationalists to the backbone.

3. Reforms in Political Atmosphere:
The political atmosphere in the country should be improved to effect National Integration. The people of different communities, castes and regions lack mutual faith and the same should be inculcated to improve political atmosphere in the country.

4. Secularism should be real: People of India should be made to develop religious tolerance for other religions.

Question 8.
Examine steps taken towards National Integration.
Answer:
After independence many steps have been taken for the achievement of national integration. Following are some of them:
1. In 1961 the government passed two legislations to restrict communal propaganda. Any propaganda spreading hatred and enmity among people of different communities was declared a cognizable offence through these legislations.

2. In 1963, 16th Amendment was effected to ensure the unity and sovereignty of the country.

3. In different meetings of National Integration Council, the issue of National Integration is discussed and suggestions are given for the promotion of National Integration.

Question 9.
What role can Education play in the promotion of National Integration?
Answer:
Proper educational system is a vital step to bring about National Integration. The country should have a uniform educational pattern aimed at inculcating the spirit of nationalism among the students who are the future citizens. The teachers in the educational institutions should be nationalists to the backbone.

Question 10.
What do you mean by political and social aspects of National Integration?
Answer:
For the National Integration of the country, it is very much necessary that full attention should be paid towards the political demands of the people of different 1 parts of India. Political power in the centre should be in the hands of such a party as can have the loyalty and faith of the majority of the people of the country. On the basis of language Indian states were organised. At the centre as well as in all the
states, elected governments are working but still politically, many people are dissatisfied. The demands for the establishment of separate independent states are increasing and creating the atmosphere of political disintegration in the country.

Social aspect of National Integration means that there should be equal justice, treatment and opportunity to all the citizens of India. There should be no social discrimination with any particular community or the people on the basis of caste, religion, creed, sex, property etc. Though untouchability is constitutionally abolished in India, yet practically, in many parts of India, people believe in caste system.

Question 11.
What is National Integration Parishad (Council)?
Answer:
A National Integration Conference was held at New Delhi from 28th Sept, to 1st Oct. 1961. The leaders of the political parties, prominent educationists, writers and scientists were invited to participate in it. This conference was of the view that political parties promoted Communalism, Casteism and Regionalism and so they needed a set code of conduct.

The conference formed a National Integration Council consisting of Prime Minister, Home Minister, Chief Ministers of States, seven leaders of Political Parties, Chairman of University Grants Commission, Two Educationists, a Nominee of Scheduled Castes and Backward Classes and seven persons nominated by the Prime Minister. The National Integration Council in its first meeting gave a direction to the process of National Integration by defining the type of National Integration that was to be secured in India.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you understand by National Integration?
Answer:
National Integration means uniting or combining all the people of the nation into a single whole. It is a particular sentiment that binds together all people in one common bond. National Integration includes nation-building and state-building.

Question 2.
What do you mean by psychological aspect of National Integration?
Answer:
Emotional integration of the people forms a key component of National Integration in India and it is taken to mean the development of a strong brotherhood and fraternity among all its people. It essentially stands for psychological and emotional integration of the people into a nation capable of securing its objectives through integrative behaviour.

Question 3.
Write any one famous definition of National Integration.
Or
Write any one definition of National Integration.
Answer:
According to Dr. R.S. Radhakrishnan, “National Integration is not a house which could be built by mortar and bricks. It is not an implementation plan which could be discussed and implemented by experts. Integration, on the contrary, is a thought which must go into the hearts of the people. It is the consciousness which must awaken the people at large.”

Question 4.
Discuss any two hindrances in the way of National Integration.
Answer:
1. Language:
India is a multi-lingual nation and in India the role of language has been more disintegrative rather than integrative. So much so that even now there is no consensus about the National Language as Hindi is opposed by some people.

2. Regionalism: Regionalism is a threat to the National Integration. Growing regional feelings have beeome a burning problem for India.

Question 5.
Give any two suggestions to promote National Integration in India.
Answer:

Economic Development: The country should be economically developed to bring about national integration.
Proper Educational System: Proper Educational System is a vital step to bring about national integration. The teachers in the educational institutions should be nationalists to the backbone.

Question 6.
Examine any two steps taken towards National Integration.
Answer:
After independence many steps have been taken for the achievement of national integration. Following are some of them:
1. In 1961 the government passed two legislations to restrict communal propaganda. Any propaganda spreading hatred and enmity among people of different communities was declared a cognizable offence through these legislations.
2. In 1963, 16th Amendment was effected to ensure the unity and sovereignty of the country.

Question 7.
What role can Education play in the promotion of National Integration?
Answer:
Proper Educational system is a vital step to bring about National Integration. The country should have a uniform educational pattern aimed at inculcating the spirit of nationalism among the students who are the future citizens. The teachers in the educational institutions should be nationalists to the backbone.

Question 8.
What do you know about National Integration Parishad (Council)?
Answer:
A National Integration Conference was held at New Delhi from 28th Sept, to 1st Oct. 1961. This conference was of the view that political parties promoted Communalism, Casteism and Regionalism and so they needed a set code of conduct. The conference formed a National Integration Council consisting of Prime Minister, Home Minister, Chief Ministers of States, seven leaders of Political Parties, Chairman of University Grants Commission, Two Educationists, a Nominee of Scheduled Castes and Backward Classes and seven persons nominated by the Prime Minister.

One Line Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the meaning of National Integration.
Answer:
The real meaning of National Integration is to foster the feeling of association with one nation among those who live in a country having different and diverse cultures.

Question 2.
Give one definition of National Integration.
Answer:
According to Mynor Weiner, “National Integration implies observance of divisive forces that would balkanize the nation and presence of attitudes throughout the society that give preference to national and public interests as distinct from parochial interests.”

Question 3.
Mention any two aspects of National Integration.
Answer:

Political Aspect
Economic Aspect.

Question 4.
What is National Integration Council?
Or
When was National Integration Council formed?
Answer:
National Integration Council is such an institution which aims to promote national development. It was established in 1961.

Question 5.
Who is the founder of the Institution ‘Insani Biradri’?
Answer:
Khan Abdul Guffar Khan.

Question 6.
Why was Insani Biradari formed?
Answer:
To face the dragon of Communalism, an organisation named Insani Biradri was established in 1970.

Fill in The Blanks

1. National integrity depends on …………….. .
Answer:
National Integration

2. The states were reorganised in 1956 on the …………….. basis to promote National Integration.
Answer:
Lingual

3. According to Sh …………….. caste in India is the most important Political Party.
Answer:
Jai Prakash Narayan

4. There should be planned …………….. development of the whole region of the country for the promotion of national integration.
Answer:
Economic

5. ‘Insani Biradri’ was established in …………….. .
Answer:
1970.

True Or False Statement

1. Casteism is main hindrance in the way of National Integration.
Answer:
True

2. Poverty is not a hundrance in the way of National Integration.
Answer:
False

3. Illitrate man encourges the National Integration.
Answer:
False

4. Indian administration is the very embodiment of corruption which hinders National Integration.
Answer:
True

5. Insani Biradari was established in 1980.
Answer:
False

Choose The Correct Answer

Question 1.
Main hindrances of National Integration are:
(a) Regionalism
(b) Communalism
(c) Casteism
(d) All of the above.
Answer:
(d) All of the above.

Question 2.
Punjab was reconstituted on lingual basis in:
(a) 1947
(b) 1956
(c) 1966
(d) 1975.
Answer:
(c) 1966

Question 3.
What is the suggestion to remove hindrances in the way of National Integration?
(a) Economic Development
(b) Reform in Political Atmosphere
(c) Proper Educational System
(d) All of the above.
Answer:
(d) All of the above.

Question 4.
Which is one aspect of National Integration?
(a) Political Aspect
(b) Social Aspect
(c) Culture Aspect
(d) All of the above.
Answer:
(d) All of the above.

Question 5.
Which among them is to encourage National Integration?
(a) National Integration Council
(b) Insani Biradri
(c) All India Anti-Communal Committee
(d) All of the above.
Answer:
(d) All of the above.

PSEB 12th Class Political Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electoral System

October 21, 2024October 20, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 12th Class Political Science Book Solutions Chapter 12 Electoral System Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 12 Electoral System

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is meant by people’s participation? What are the reasons of people’s low participation in India?
Or
What is meaning of people’s participation? Explain four reasons of low and poor people’s participation in India.
Answer:
Meaning of People’s Participation:
Political participation broadly refers to a wide spectrum of political activities ranging from the simple act of voting to widespread political activism in the political process. It thus implies several voluntary activities apart from voting during the elections. It may involve joining a political party, participation in a political meeting, demonstration, rally, standing for election to the local bodies, state legislature or parliament, maintaining contacts with the elected representatives, sending petitions to the government for the redressal of grievances of the people and a number of other activities concerned in any way with the political system of the country.

Reasons for Low People’s Participation in Indian Democracy:
India is the biggest demorcratic country in the world. But in India hardly 60% of the voters cast their votes. Following factors are responsible for people’s low participation in elections of India.

Poverty: Majority of the people in India are poor. A poor person remains worried about earning his livelihood and has no time to cast his vote. The poor person does not even think about the elections.
Illiteracy: Majority of the people in India are illiterate. An illiterate person does not understand the importance of the right to vote. Hence illiterate persons don’t go to cast their votes.
Unemployment: Thousands of educated and uneducated people are unemployed in India. They remain indifferent to democracy and do not take interest in elections.
Another reason of low people’s participation is indian democracy are indifferent views of the peoples.
Corruption is another reason for low people’s participation in India.
People do not have enough faith in political parties.
Social and political backwardness is another reason for low people’s participation in media.

Question 2.
What is meant by Voting Behaviour? Write main determinants of Voting Behaviour in India.
Or
What is meant by Voting Behaviour? Write the factors which determine the Voting Behaviour in India.
Answer:
Samuel Eldersveld writes, The term ‘voting behaviour’ is not new. But it is used of late to describe certain areas of study and type of political phenomena which previously either had not been conceived or were considered irrelevant. Voting behaviour connotes today more than examination of voting records, compilation of voting statistics and computation of electoral shifts.

Students are deeply immersed in analysis of individual psychological process (perception, emotion, motivation) and their relation to political action as well as of industrial patterns, such as the communication process, and their impact on elections. Today we accept the relevance of a host of variables which, if perceived at all fifteen years ago, certainly did not constitute the focus of inquiry into voting behaviour. The term thus, has expanded in meaning and further is construed as but one area of study subscribed within the broader designation of political behaviour.”

Today voting behaviour is regarded as that area or field of political science which is most suitable for study by the application of scientific techniques. According to Bowman and Boyntion the traditional approaches to the study of this subject were of two kinds: those, which emphasised legal and constitutional aspects, aimed at the description and analysis of election laws, qualifications of voters, delimitation of constituencies and voting machinery. For example, description studies of Negro disenfranchisement. Historical accounts of election campaigns also formed part of this group. In other words, which were the result of traditional approach, were more normative and value laden.

‘Whereas the traditional approach to electoral politics is concerned primarily with assessing the quality of election choice and analysing electoral institutions, the empirical and the behavioural approaches have focussed upon the relationship among the determinants of electoral outcomes. Empirical research has attempted to identify the factors contributing to the voting decision, while behavioural research has attempted to construct theoretical generalisations explaining the interconnections of variable accounting for these decisions, making possible the prediction of future voting patterns.’

Analysis of Voting behaviour began in France in 1913, in the United States during the period between the two world wars and in the United Kingdom after the Second World War.

Factors which influence Voting Behaviour:
It is difficult to ascertain voting behaviour of the voters. Prof. Maya remarks that individual may cast his vote to protect his personal interest or that of a group to which he is loyal; he may merely express his preference for the candidate; he may take part in a ritual because it is the thing to do, like celebrating a national holiday; he may express his faith in democracy and his country; he may pass judgement on the government’s record or show his agreement with a party’s general policy; he may study type of the candidate and his party carefully.

Or he may simply flip a coin. All voting is an emotional experience for ditch-diggers and professors alike; and the people vote in the same election, but not all of them vote on it. Many factors influence the voting behaviour and some important factors which influence the voting behaviour are as below:

1. Social Class:
Social class is one of the most important factors which influence the voting behaviour. Social class is the most important determinant of the voting behaviour in the United Kingdom. While the middle class votes for the conservative party, the workers vote for the labour party. Social class is less significant in American elections than in Western Europe, yet people with low incomes tend to support the democratic party while the rich tend to be republicAnswer:

2. Religion:
Religion also influences the voting behaviour to some extent. The Unionist Party wins the overwhelming majority of protestant votes in Northern Ireland. Conservative parties in France dominate more strongly the areas of Bittany and Alsac. American ethnic minorities have tended to support the democratic party, and voting in Canada, Belgium and South Africa is still based on religious ethnic divisions. With Kennedy the candidate in 1960, four out of the five Catholics voted Democratic Party and analysis of 1964 returns indicates that this Catholic support of the Democratic Party continued. As V. D. Key says, probably the best guess is that Kennedy won because of the fact that he was a Catholic.

3. Age:
Age is also a great factor which influences the voting behaviour. Generally older voters tend to vote for conservative parties. Moreover, age reflects the historical period when the elector’s voting habits were being formed. The Michigan Survey Centre reported in 1960 that two-thirds of its respondents who could recall their first vote still identified with the same party, and 56 per cent claimed never to have crossed party lines in a presidential election.

4. Caste:
Caste is another factor which influences the behaviour of voters. In Indian caste plays a very important role in elections. Prof. Rudolph says, “Within the new context of political democracy, caste remains a central element of India’s society even while adapting itself to the values and methods of democratic politics. Indeed, it has become one of the chief means by which the Indian masses have been attached to the process of democratic politics.”

While emphasising the role of caste in the Kerala elections, Prof. Harrison says: “The success of the Kerala Communist Party as the first regional Communist Party in India to capture control of a state government can be explained, above all, to its ability to manipulate politically strategic caste lobbies within linguistic boundaries as in Andhra. The Kerala Communists were able to transform economic despair into a legislative majority because of their footing on regional caste ground, notable among the numerous Ezhaves who provided the necessary majority of constituencies.” .

5. Effect of Individual Personality:
According to Profs. Carr, Berustein and Murphy, one of the most fascinating aspects of political behaviour is the effect of individual personality traits on the voting decision.

6. The influence of Policy Views:
Key is of the opinion that great number of citizens do in fact vote according to their policy preference. In his examinations of Gallup studies ranging from 1936 to 1960, Key found a marked correlation between voters’ views on public policy issues and their support of one party or the other.

7. Party Propaganda: Party campaign and propaganda is also an important factor which influences the voting behaviour to some extent.

8. Money Power: Voters are also influenced by money power, which plays a major part in the election system.

9. Elite Influence. In every political system, howsoever modern, there are bound to be elitist sections who exercise their influence on the masses.

10. Respected and influential leaders:
Sometimes, the choice of voting is made for the vote by others, such as elders, respected persons and influential leaders.

11. Conscious thinking:
The voting decision of a voter may be the result of his conscious thinking effort to discriminate between the different choices open to him.

12. The voter’s choice is made in a concrete situation and his idea about that situation normally affects his choice and thus the general public opinion is likely to have important bearing on people’s voting choice.

Varma and Bhambari write:
Voting choice is, in one way or the other, the function of a process of political decision-making by each individual voter but that does not mean that the individual voter makes the decision in abstract; all the normal political, social and other forces which influence him and some of them are especially whipped up on the election even exert greater influence on him. As a citizen, a voter has own political and social preferences and prejudices which he must take into account while making his voting choice.

It has been traditional in voting research to emphasise the stability of voter’s behaviour and attribute change to a small group of voters, the ‘floating voters’, who lack a consistent image of the political parties and who fail to identify themselves with a particular party. According to Alan Ball, this view that while the vast majority of electors are stable in their voting behaviour, elections are decided by a relatively small, ill-informed and disinterested minority, has been challenged recently on two fronts.

First, American research has pointed to the possibility that the floating voter may not be as politically illiterate, as the more partisan voter, and secondly,and more importantly, British research has shown that electoral changes may not be due only to this small group of voters, but that in fact there is a far large element of instability in voting behaviour than was believed to be the case.

Question 3.
Explain any six functions of Election Commission of India.
Or
Explain the composition of the Election Commission and explain four functions of National Election Commission in India.
Or
Discuss the six functions of Election Commission of India.
Answer:
India is a sovereign democratic republic. For the successful working of democracy, elections must be held in a non-partisan spirit. The framers of our Constitution were aware of the need to have an independent and impartial agency to conduct free and fair elections in the country. To ensure this, the Constitution has provided an Election Commission to conduct fair elections.

Composition:
The Election Commission consists of the Chief Election Commissioner and such number of other Election Commissioners as the President may from time to time fix. Till 1989, the Election Commission has always been a one man commission in the sense that though the Chief Election Commissioner was always appointed, no other Election Commissioner was appointed. In 1989 the President appointed two Election Commissioners on the eve of the general elections of 1989.

However, the National Front Government, soon after it came to power, decided to abolish these posts and reverted to the earlier position. In October, 1993 the President appointed two Election Commissioners through an ordinance and gave them the same position and status as the Chief Election Commissioner. The Ordinance was challenged by the Chief Election Commissioner T.N. Seshan and the Supreme Court upheld the supremacy of the Chief Election Commissioner over the newly appointed Election Commissioners.

After the judgement given by the Supreme Court on July 1995, the Court has ruled that the Election Commissioners enjoy equal status with the Chief Election Commissioner. The appointment of Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners is made by the President. Before every general elections, the President also appoints, in consultation with the Election Commission, such Regional Commissioners as he considers necessary to assist the Election Commission. At present there are one Chief Election Commissioner and two other Election Commissioners.

The tenure and the service conditions of the Election Commission are determined by the President. Generally the Election Commissioner is appointed for a period of six years. The conditions of service of the Chief Election Commissioner shall not be varied to his disadvantage after his appointment. The Chief Election Commissioner may only be removed when 2/3 majority of the Parliament passes a resolution for his removal. Regional Commissioners can only be removed on the recommendation of the Chief Election Commissioner.

The President or the Governor of a State makes available to the Election Commission such staff as may be necessary for the discharge of its functions.
Functions of the Election Commission. Following are the main functions of the Election Commission:
1. Superintendence, direction and control of the electoral roll for election.

2. To conduct elections to Parliament and legislatures of states and also to the offices of the President and Vice-President.

3. The Election Commission fixes the time-table for the elections.

4. The Election Commission orders a fresh elections in a constituency or at a polling booth if it resorted to malpractices, such as intimidation of voters or burning of polling booths etc. or if it has vitiated the electoral process. On 21st May, 1991 Election Commission countermanded elections in two Parliamentary Constituencies.

5. The Election Commission appoints Returning Officers and Assistant Returning Officers to conduct the elections.

6. The Election Commission allots symbols to various political parties and the candidates.

7. The Election Commission is authorised to recognise a political party. It is the Election Commission that determines what political parties will be recognised at both National and state levels. Election Commission gave recognition to Seven National Political Parties and 59 state level parties.

8. The Election Commissioner is to ensure that only those persons cast their votes, who are entitled to it and that there is no impersonation.

9. The Election Commission decides where polling booths should be set up so that electorates are not required to travel a long distance.

10. The Election Commission is responsible for the safe custody of the ballot boxes and the counting of votes before the results are announced.

11. The Election Commission prepares a code of conduct for all political parties and independent candidates who are contesting elections.

12. The Election Commission supervises the staff deputed by the Union government and the State governments for the election purposes.

13. All election results are announced by the Election Commission. So far 17 elections to the Lok Sabha have been conducted. The Election Commission has acquired considerable prestige and reputation for conducting elections in a fair and free manner.

Question 4.
Describe the features of the Indian Electoral System.
Answer:
The main features of Indian Electoral system are:
1. Universal Adult Franchise:
In India the system of universal adult franchise has been adopted for the election of Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies. Every person who is a citizen of India and who is not less than eighteen years of age has the right to exercise his vote in election of members of the House of the People and State Legislative Assemblies.

2. Direct Election:
The Constitution provides for the system of direct election of the members of the Lok Sabha and Legislative Assembly of every state by the eligible voters.

3. Joint Electoral System:
The Constitution of India provides for a system of joint electorates. Under the joint electorate system every voter in constituency is entitled to participate in electing representative from the constituency.

4. Single Member Constituency:
The Constitution of India provides for a single member constituency. For this purpose the entire country is divided into 543 constituencies. Belonging voters elect their representatives. But only one representative represents his constituency.

5. Election Commission: The Constitution has provided Election Commission to conduct free and fair elections.

Question 5.
Explain the main steps of Election process in India.
Or
What is election process? Name all the important stages of Indian election process.
Answer:
India is a democratic country. But India has adopted indirect democracy. Administration is run by the representatives of the people, who are elected for a fixed term. In India election procedure is as given below:

1. Constituencies:
The first important task in elections is delimitation of constituencies. Under Article 327 of the Constitution the Union Parliament is empowered to enact legislation from time to time to provide for the delimitation of constituencies for elections to Parliament and to the state legislatures. Parliament passed the Delimitation Commission Act, 1952. The Act provides for the establishment of a Delimitation Commission for the purpose of delimitating constituencies in each state after every census.

2. List of Voters:
First, temporary list of voters is prepared. If anybody’s name is excluded from the list, he can ask for inclusion of his name. But such a request is to be made within a fixed time.

3. Appointment: Senior staff for election purposes is appointed for supervision.

4. Polling Stations: In each constituency polling stations are established and a fixed number of voters are directed to cast their votes there.

5. Filing of the Nomination Papers: After the announcement of the date of elections, nomination papers are filed in favour of candidates.

6. Withdrawal of Nomination: Candidates are allowed to withdraw their names from elections. But this is to be done before the last date for withdrawal.

7. Scrutiny and Objections:
On the fixed date nomination papers are scrutinised and those papers, which are not proper, are rejected and the names of eligible candidates are announced.

8. Propaganda:
With the announcement of elections, political parties and indepedent candidates start propaganda and try to influence the voters. The party propaganda is carried out through election manifesto of the party, public meetings, door canvassing, pamphlets etc. Electioneering ceases forty- eight hours before the closing hour or polling in each constituency.

9. Polling:
On the day of the polling, a holiday is declared so that each voter can cast his vote. At polling booth voters are given ballot papers and the voter stamps against the name of the candidate whom he wants to vote. After that the voter puts the ballot paper in the ballot box.

10. Counting of votes:
After the polling is over the polling officer seals the ballot boxes in the presence of two representatives of the candidates and sends the ballot boxes at a particular place. On the fixed date ballot boxes are opiened in the presence of the representatives of candidates and votes are counted. A candidate getting the highest votes is declared elected. If a candidate fails to get one-sixth of the votes then he loses his security also.

11. Election Expenses:
Each candidate has to submit the accounts of election expenditure to the Election Commission within forty-five days of the declaration of result. The amount of election expenditure is fixed and if any candidate spends more than the fixed limit then his election is nullified.

12. Election Petition:
If any candidate is not satisfied with the impartiality of election or due to some other reason, he may appeal to the court. The court decides the case and an appeal can be made to the Supreme Court against the decision of the High Court.

Question 6.
What is meant by Adult Franchise? Write two arguments in favour and two against Adult Franchise.
Or
Write arguments in favour of and against Adult Franchise.
Or
Give arguments for and against Adult Franchise.
Answer:
What is Adult Franchise or Adult Suffrage? With the advent of democracy, there started a heated controversy as to which category of the people in society should be given the right to elect representatives. Some people are of the opinion that the right to vote is a function and it should be given only to those people who use it properly. Some favour property and some favour education as the basis for giving the right to vote to the people. But the majority is of the opinion that all the people should be equally given the right to vote.

By adult franchise we mean that every person, both male and female, above the age of maturity, irrespective of caste, colour, creed, property, education, profession or sex, is entitled to enjoy the right to vote in the elections. The idea underlying this principle is that the final sovereignty lies with the people as a whole and not with a particular section of society. At present nearly all the civilized countries like Britain, U.S.A., Russia, France, India, etc., have adopted this principle of Adult Suffrage’ and accordingly all the adults enjoy the right to vote. The age of attaining maturity is fixed by the State. In Britain it is 18 years, in India it is 18 years, in Switzerland it is 20 years and in Russia it is 18 years.

How Universal Adult Franchise was accepted in different countries? There has been a long struggle for the acceptance of the principle of Universal adult franchise. Many battles had to be fought, all the world over, for making it a reality. Women were not considered equal, politically, socially and legally. Hence women were not given the right to vote. Till the second decade of the twentieth century, no country had adopted Universal Adult Franchise.

New Zealand was the first country to incorporate the provisions for universal adult franchise in 1893. Manhood suffrage was introduced in Great Britain in 1918 whereas Universal Adult Franchise was introduced in 1928. The United States extended franchise to women by the 19th Amendment of the Constitution in 1919. Soviet Union, the land of the October Revolution 1917, introduced universal adult franchise in 1936. Slogan of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity was popularised by the French Revolution of 1789, but it was only in 1945 that universal adult franchise was introduced. In India Universal Adult Franchise was followed in 1950.

Arguments in Favour of Adult Franchise:
The principle of Adult Franchise possesses some fundamental merits which cannot be ignored in the modern age of democracy. The merits are as follows:
1. It is in accordance with democratic principles:
The principle of adult franchise is in accordance with the democratic principles. Democracy is a government of the people by the people and for the people. If the principle of adult franchise is not introduced then the power to govern will pass on to some section of the people instead of remaining with the people and the administration may not be run in the best interests of the masses.

2. National unity:
The system of Universal Adult franchise is quite essential for the maintenance of national unity. If only a section of the people is given the right to vote, then the entire public could not consider the government as its own. The people would be divided into two groups and the people who do not enjoy the right to vote would not extend willing co-operation to the government. This way national unity cannot be achieved. But if the system of Universal Adult Franchise is introduced, then all the citizens would consider the State as their own.

3. Laws affect all alike:
Whatever laws are framed by the government, they are not meant for a particular community or a section of the people but they affect all alike. Only those people should have the power to frame laws to whom they concern. Therefore, the introduction of the principle of Adult Franchise is essential so that everybody gets the right to participate in the election of the representatives. It is only under such circumstances that laws can be framed in accordance with the wishes of the people.

4. Peace and order:
The application of the principle of Adult Franchise lies ‘ in the establishment of peace and order in the State. The laws are framed
by the representatives of the people in accordance with their wishes. That is why the laws are willingly obeyed by the people. The people fully co-operate with the government and the laws are never violated. All this helps in the maintenance of peace and order.

5. All the people pay taxes to the government:
The government collects money from the people in the form of taxes. Now a days both the direct and indirect taxes are imposed upon the people and hence all the people pay taxes. According to democratic principle that money should be spent by those people only who have given it in the form of taxes. Therefore, all the people should have the right to send representative to that body which has the power to impose taxes upon the people.

6. Political education:
An important merit of Adult Franchise is that it gives political education to the people. If a large number of people get the right to vote, it helps in making them politically educated. When all the people participate in the election they are bound to think about the problems of the country. They will try to find out solution to all the problems which are facing the country.

7. It creates spirit of self-respect:
Through the system of Adult Franchise the people develop the spirit of self-respect. People develop the feeling that they have a share in the government of the State and they have a hand in the making of the government. They think themselves a very important part of the machinery of the State. They do not think themselves in any way inferior to anybody.

8. No danger of Revolution:
Another merit of Adult Franchise is that all the people get the right to vote and there is no danger of revolution. There are many reasons for it. First, because of Adult Franchise the government represents the entire mass of public and nobody ever complains against the government. Secondly, if the government does not function in accordance with the wishes of the people, the people can change it. The government represents all the people and no section of society opposes its actions.

9. Representation to minorities:
Due to Adult Franchise minorities also get some representation. Hence the problem of giving representation to the minorities is solved by Adult Franchise.

10. Essential for civil rights:
Every citizen enjoys civil and economic rights. To protect social and economic rights, political rights are essential and right to vote is the most important political right.

Arguments Against Adult Franchise:
There is a large number of people who find fault with the system of Adult Franchise and they put forward the following arguments in support of their viewpoint:
1. Uneducated should not be given the right to vote:
The right to vote is not a natural or an inherent right which everybody can enjoy. In fact it is a sort of special privilege which is conferred only on those persons who are best fitted to utilize it for the welfare of the State. Some people are of the opinion that the right to vote should be given only to the educated people. The educated persons can make a proper use of their rights. An uneducated person cannot understand who is the best candidate out of all.

2. Government of the fools:
The masses are ignorant and illiterate. They do not even possess the capacity or understanding to elect the best candidates and to judge the worth of governmental policy. Therefore to entrust the right of voting to ignorant masses is to welcome dangerous consequences. The system of Universal Adult Franchise establishes a government of the fools because the fools and the ignorant are in a majority in society.

3. Franchise based on property:
Some people are of the view-point that franchise should be based on property. Those who are propertied persons and who pay the taxes should have the right to elect the representatives so that these representatives could frame the laws in accordance with the wishes of the tax payers. But this argument does not carry much weight. Nowadays all the people pay taxes and the laws are applicable to all the people equally.

4. No franchise to women:
Some people are of the opinion that women should not be given the right to vote. They say that women are physically weak and they are not capable enough to take an active part in politics. Their proper place is home and not political field. Their participation in politics will disturb the peace at home. In the modern age even this argument does not carry weight. The women are taking very active and intelligent part in politics.

5. All citizens are not equal:
It is also wrong that all the people are equal. Nature has not created everybody equal. Some are wise from their very birth and others are fools. All the people cannot be given similar type of work because all are not equally competent. Therefore all the people cannot be given the right to vote and the right to contest election on equal footing.

6. Franchise is not a right but a responsibility:
Many scholars consider that the right to vote is not a right but it is a responsibility. The right can be extended only to those persons who are really capable of using it properly. If it is extended to an incompetent person, it proves very useless. Therefore the right to vote should be extended only to the capable and educated persons.

7. Radical legislation:
Another defect of adult franchise is that it helps in the framing of radical legislation. A large number of people are elected who can influence the ordinary citizens by their progressive views. These people adopt progressive measures and they create a new atmosphere in society. These progressive measures create cultural lag in society and the relationship between the present and the past is completely broken.

Conclusion:
There is no doubt that the system of Adult Franchise has been criticised on various grounds and various arguments have been put forward against it but the fact is that the merits of Adult Franchise outweigh its demerits. In the modern age almost all the countries have adopted the system of Adult Franchise. In the absence of Adult Franchise democracy is incomplete and it cannot be a success.

Question 7.
What do you know of the Direct and Indirect Election system? Also explain their merits and demerits.
Or
Explain the merits and demerits of the system of Direct Election.
Or
Write Merits and Demerits of Direct Election System.
Answer:
In democracy the people elect their representatives and the representatives carry out the wishes of the people. Nowadays almost all the countries have adopted the system of Adult franchise. There are two ways to electing representatives- Direct Election and Indirect Election.

Direct Election:
In the system of Direct election the voters directly participate in election and elect their representatives. The process of direct election is quite simple. Every voter goes to the polling station and records his vote either in favour or against particular candidates. A candidate securing the maximum number of votes is declared elected. This system of election is the most popular and is followed in all democratic countries for electing members of People’s Chamber. All members of the State assemblies and House of People in India are elected directly. Every adult in India exercises the right to vote.

Its Merits.
1. Firstly, direct election is consistent with the principle of democracy. People have direct share in the choice of their representatives and in determining the public policy.

2. Secondly, the system makes the citizens active and alert. Each voter feels that his voice will count in the formation of government and the selection of law-makers. A direct contact between the electors and the representatives stimulates interest in public affairs and develops the sense of public spirit. The system makes people conscious of the rights and duties and is fully in keeping with the democratic principles.

3. Thirdly, the representative elected under this system feels responsible to the people and he tries to keep himself in touch with them and better their conditions.

4. Fourthly, direct election broadens the mental outlook of the citizens since it places before them the national aspects of the social and political problems. The voters are presented the different policies and programmes of the candidates.

5. Fifthly, direct election checks the use of corrupt and unfair means in election.

Its Demerits.
1. Firstly, direct election means political excitement which leads to the election of undesirable candidates. The voters are easily carried away or misled by clever orators. They are swept off their feet by popular passion.

2. Secondly, direct election increases the election expenditure which entails a heavy burden on the public purse.

3. Thirdly, direct election places the final choice of the representatives in the hands of the masses and most of them do not have enough of intelligence or independence to vote for the right type of candidates.

4. Fourthly, direct election means election campaigns and intensive political propaganda for and against different candidates. Many citizens, therefore, who would have proved the best administrators, avoid to contest elections.
This means a great national loss.

Indirect Election:
Indirect election means that the voters do not directly participate in the election of their representatives but choose only an intermediary body which elects the representatives. This intermediary body is usually called the Electoral College. It is a system of Double election. In the first instance, the general mass of voters elect from among themselves a small group of electors. These electors then elect the final representatives who become the members of the legislature.

Thus the final choice of electing the representatives is not that of the general mass of voters but of the intermediary body of electors which the general mass of voters had elected in the first instance. This Indirect Election system is often used for the constitution of second chamber. The Council of States in India, the President of India and the President of U.S.A. are elected by the method of Indirect election.

Its Merits:
1. It is useful where the people are sufficiently educated and politically organized and where the constituencies are very large and unwieldy.

2. The final choice of the representatives is in the hands of a body of select persons who possess superior knowledge and are guided by a keener sense of responsibility. It helps to check popular passion.

3. Clever politicians and orators cannot mislead the few selected people. There is no occasion for any disorder or dislocations taking place as a result of the voters being swayed by political passions. There are neither election campaigns nor party propaganda.

4. This system minimizes the evils of party politics and propaganda.

5. Under this system there are in fact two elections. This involves delay which proves very useful. The Electoral College makes the final choice after cool consideration. The delay makes the situation cool and the electors can vote freely and dispassionately.

Its Demerits.
1. The method of indirect election creates a big gap between the representative and the voters. The representatives do not feel responsible to the primary voters.
2. The voters have no direct participation in the selection of their representatives, and so they take little interest in politics and become negligent on public affairs. The system, therefore, has no educative value.
3. The system gives birth to corruption and political intrigue. The intermediate body of voters has a small membership and can be more easily bribed by a rich and powerful candidate.
4. Actually it leads to more party strifes and in countries where political parties are well organized, election by indirect method has become a mere formality.

Conclusion:
Out of the two methods of elections, the method of Direct Election prevails in most of the countries. In all the democratic countries the representatives to the legislature are elected by the method of Direct Election. The members of the Upper House can be elected through the method of Indirect Election. In India the members of the Rajya Sabha are elected by the method of Indirect Election. The President of India and the President of U.S.A. are also elected by the method of Indirect Election.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write down the composition of Election Commission in India.
Or
Write down the composition of the Election Commission.
Answer:
The Election Commission consists of the Chief Election Commissioner and such number of other Election Commissioners the President may appoint from time to time. In October, 1993 the President appointed two Election Commissioners through an ordinance. At present the Election Commission consists of Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners.

The appointment of Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners is made by the President. Before each general election, the President also appoints, in consultation with the Election Commission, such Regional Commissioners as he considers necessary to assist the Election Commission. The tenure and other service conditions of the Election Commission are determined by the President. Generally the Election Commissioner is appointed for a period of six years. The conditions of service of the Chief Election Commissioner shall not be varied to his disadvantage after his appointment.

Question 2.
Explain any two changing characteristics of Indian Electorate.
Answer:
Important changes have taken place in the character of Indian electorate. Two important changes are as follows:

The Indian voter has become more politicised. Indian electorate are now taking more interest in the political activities of the country. Indian voters are now more conscious politically.
Indian electorate are more concerned with the contemporary events and problems than with the past achievements or activities of the parties.

Question 3.
Suggest four remedies to improve the Indian Electoral System.
Answer:
Following remedies are suggested to improve the Indian Electoral System:
1. The present electoral system of single-member constituencies should be replaced by a system of proportional representation.

2. Strict action should be taken against those who indulge in booth-capturing and bogus voting. The high powered Committee on electoral reforms recommended a series of legislative measures to eradicate booth-capturing, rigging and intimidation. The recommended steps include ordering of repoll or countermanding not only on the report of the returning officer but also otherwise and vesting the Commission with power of appointment of investigating agencies, prosecuting agencies and asking for the constitution of Special Courts.

3. There should be provision for recall.

4. The elections including the polling should be so conducted that the people are in a position to exercise their franchise freely, without intimidation, coercion, interference, undue inducement by political parties and others.

Question 4.
Discuss four techniques of election campaign in India.
Answer:

Every main political party and sometimes independent candidates issue election manifesto.
Political parties and candidates arrange public meetings and processions, by which they try to persuade the voters in their favour through their speeches and personalities.
Wall-paintings, posters and big leaflets are other important techniques of election campaign.
Slogans is a very popular and influential technique of election campaign.

Question 5.
Write four functions of Election Commission.
Or
Write down any four functions of Election Commission.
Answer:
1. Election Commission supervises, directs and controls the elections. Such elections include election to Parliament, the legislature of every State and the offices of the President and the Vice-President held under the constitution of India.

2. Election Commission prepares electoral rolls and delimitation of constituencies.

3. Election Commission appoints returning officers and assistant returning officers to conduct the election.

4. The allotment of election symbols to a political party and an independent candidate is done by the Election Commission.

Question 6.
Write any four drawbacks of Indian Electoral System.
Answer:
1. Number of Seats:
There is no relationship between the votes secured by a party and its strength in the Assembly or the Parliament. The number of seats secured by a particular party is not proportionate to the voters.

2. Money Power:
Another important drawback of Indian electoral system is the growing influence of money in elections. The expenses incurred on election are so huge that parties tend to give ticket only to a millionaire. The high cost of electioneering has resulted in corrupt practices.

3. Misuse of Public Media:
It is being alleged that the Congress was using the government monopoly in radio and television for the party. This thing has gone a long way in helping the party in power by projecting.its image. These public media have thus been abused.

4. The existing system of election gives more importance to the individual candidate than the’political party.

Question 7.
Write down four facts which determine the Voting Behaviour in India.
Answer:

Influence of Religion: Religion influences the voting behaviour to a great extent. In India, many parties seek votes on the basis of religion.
Influence of Caste: Caste influences the voting behaviour to a large extent. In India caste plays a very important role in elections.
Party Propaganda: Party campaign and propaganda is also an important factor which influences the voting behaviour to some extent.
Money Power: Voters are also influenced by money power, which plays a major part in the election system.

Question 8.
Write any four stages of Electoral Process in India.
Answer:
In India election procedure is as follows:
1. Constituencies:
The first important task in election is delimitation of constituencies. Parliament passed the Delimitation Commission Act, 1952. The Act provides for the establishment of a Delimitation Commission for the purpose of delimitating constituencies in each state after every census.

3. Filing of the Nomination Papers. After the announcement of the date of election, nomination papers are filed in favour of candidates.

4. Withdrawal of Nomination:
Candidates are allowed to withdraw their names from elections. But this is to be done before the last date for withdrawal.

Question 9.
What are the causes of inadequate people’s participation in India?
Or
Why is the level of people’s participation so low in India?
Answer:
India is the biggest democratic country in the world. But in India hardly 60% of the voters cast their votes. Following factors are responsible for people’s low participation in elections of India.
1. Poverty:
Majority of the people in India are poor. A poor person remains worried about earning his livelihood and has no time to cast his vote. The poor person does not even think about the elections.

2. Illiteracy:
Majority of the people in India are illiterate. An illiterate person does not understand the importance of the right to vote. Hence illiterate persons don’t go to cast their votes.

3. Unemployment:
Thousands of educated and uneducated people are unemployed in India. They remain indifferent to democracy and do not take interest in elections.

4. Another reason of low people’s participation in Indian democracy is indifferent view of the peoples.

Question 10.
What do you understand by People’s Participation in a Democracy?
Answer:
Political participation broadly refers to a wide spectrum of political activities ranging from the simple act of voting to widespread political activism in the political process. It thus implies several voluntary activities apart from voting during the elections. It may involve joining a political party, participation in a political meeting, demonstration, rally, standing for election to the local bodies, state legislature or parliament, maintaining contacts with the elected representatives, sending petitions to the government for the redressal of grievances of the people and a number of other activities concerned in any way with the political system of the country.

Question 11.
How does Casteism effect the Voting Behaviour in India?
Answer:
Caste influences the behaviour of voters. In India caste plays a very important role in elections Prof. Rudolph says, “Within the new context of political democracy, caste remains a central element of Indian society even while adapting itself to the values and methods of democratic politics. Indeed, it has become one of the chief means by which the Indian masses have been attached to the process of democratic politics.”

Question 12.
Explain the meaning of voting behaviour. Describe two major determinants of voting behaviour in India.
Or
Explain voting behaviour in India.
Answer:
In the words of J.C. Plano and R.E. Riggs, “Voting behaviour is a field of study concerned with the ways in which people tend to vote in public elections and reasons they vote as they do.”
In brief, the study of voting behaviour implies two things:

Why people exercise their right to vote and
Why they exercise their franchise in favour of different candidates.

Some of the important determinants of voting behaviour in India are:

Caste of the candidate.
Religion of the candidate.
Region to which the candidate belongs.
Influence of money.

Question 13.
What is the salary and term of the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners?
Or
Write down the tenure of the members of Election Commission.
Answer:
In December, 1993 the Indian Parliament passed the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners (Conditions of Service) Amendment Act, 1993. As per the provisions of the Act, the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners are paid a salary equal to the salary of a judge of the Supreme Court. Thus, each of them is paid? 250000 per month as salary.

The Act further provides that the Chief Election Commissioner or an Election Commissioner holds office for a term of six years from the date on which he assumes his office. But if the Chief Election Commissioner or an Election Commissioner attains the age of sixty-five years before the expiry of the term of six years, he shall vacate his office on the date on which he attains the said age.

Question 14.
How is the Chief Election Commissioner removed in India?
Or
Describe the method of appointment, tenure and procedure of the removal of Chief Election Commissioner of India.
Answer:
1. The Chief Election Commissioner is appointed by the President subject to the provisions of any law made on that behalf by the Indian Parliament.

2. The Chief Election Commissioner is appointed for a period of six years.

3. The Chief Election Commissioner is removed from his office by an order of the President after an address by each House of Parliament supported by a majority of the total membership of the House and by a majority of not less than two thirds of the members of the House present and voting had been presented to the President in the same session for such removal on the ground of proved misbehavior or incapacity.

Question 15.
Describe any four features of the Indian Electoral System.
Answer:
The three important features of the Indian Electoral System are the following:

Universal Adult Franchise: In India the system of universal adult franchise has been adopted for the election of members of Lok Sabha and of State Legislative Assemblies.
Direct Election: The Constitution provides for the system of direct election of the members of the House of the People and of Legislative Assembly of every state by the eligible voters.
Joint Electorate System: The Constitution of India provides for a system of joint electorates.
There is a provision of Reservation of seats for the SCs and STs.

Question 16.
What do you mean by Universal Adult Franchise?
Or
What do you understand by Universal Adult Franchise?
Answer: By universal adult franchise we mean that every citizen both male and female, above the age of maturity, irrespective of caste, colour, creed, property, education, profession or sex, is entitled to enjoy the right to vote in the election. The age of attaining maturity is fixed by the state. In England and in India it is 18 years.

Question 17.
Give four arguments in favour of Adult Franchise.
Answer:
The arguments in favour of adult franchise are given below:
1. It is in accordance with democratic principles. The principle of adult franchise is in accordance with the democratic principles.

2. National unity. The system of Universal Adult Franchise is quite essential for the maintenance of national unity. If the system of Universal Adult Franchise is introduced then all the citizens would consider the State as their own.

3. Laws affect all alike. The introduction of the principle of Adult Franchise is essential so that everybody gets the right to participate in the election of the representatives. It is only under such circumstances that laws can be framed in accordance with the wishes of the people.

4. An important merits of Adult Franchise is that it gives political education to the people.

Question 18.
Give three arguments against Adult Franchise.
Answer:
1. The uneducated should not be given the right to vote. The right to vote is not a natural or an inherent right which everybody can enjoy. The educated persons can make the proper use of their rights. An uneducated person cannot understand who is the best candidate out of all.

2. Government of the fools. The system of Universal Adult Franchise establishes a government of the fools because the fools and the ignorant are in a majority in the society.

3. All citizens are not equal. It is also wrong that all the people are equal. Therefore, all the people cannot be given the right to vote and to contest election on equal footing.

4. Franchise is not a right but responsibility. Therefore the right to vote should be extended only to the capable and educated persons.

Question 19.
What do you mean by Direct Method of Election?
Answer:
In the system of Direct election the votes directly participate in election and elect their representatives, the process of direct election is quite simple. Every voter goes to the polling station and records his vote either in favour or against particular candidates. A candidate securing the maximum number of votes is declared elected. This system of election is the most popular and is followed in all democratic countries for electing members of People’s Chamber. All members of the State assemblies and House of People in India are elected directly. Every adult in india exercises the right to vote.

Question 20.
What is meant by Indirect Method of Election?
Answer:
Indirect elections means that the voters do not directly participate in the election of their representatives but choose only an intermediary body which elects the representatives. This intermediary body is usually called the Electoral College. It is a system of Double election. In the first instance, the general mass of voters elect from among themselves a small group of electors. These electors then elect the final representatives who become the members of the legislature.

Question 21.
Distinguish between Direct election and Indirect election methods.
Or
Differentiate between Direct and Indirect Election System.
Answer:
In the system of direct election the voters directly participate in election and elect their representatives. But in indirect election the voters do not directly participate in the election of their representatives but choose an intermediary body which elects the representatives. This intermediary body is usually called the Electoral College. It is a system of double election. In India all members of the state assemblies and Lok Sabha are elected directly. The Rajya Sabha in India, the President of India and the President of U.S.A. are elected by the method of indirect election.

Question 22.
What is Indirect Democracy?
Answer:
In indirect democracy people participate in law-making indirectly. People elect some representatives and these representatives act according to the wishes of the people. Their main aim is to promote the welfare of the people. They frame laws of the State and run the administration for the best interests of the people. The entire country is divided into equal electoral constituencies and from each constituency one representative is elected. The representatives are elected for a fixed period and after the expiry of their term fresh elections are held. This system prevails in almost all the countries of the world today.

Question 23.
Write four merits of Indirect Election.
Answer:

It is useful where the people are sufficiently educated and politically organised.
Indirect election minimizes the evils of party politics and propaganda.
The method of indirect election is less expensive because the number of voters is small.
Clever politicians and orators cannot mislead the few selected people.

Question 24.
Write four demerits of Indirect Election.
Answer:

The method of indirect election creates a big gap between the representatives and the voters. The representatives do not feel responsible to the primary voters.
The voters have no direct participation in the selection of their representatives and so they take little interest in politics and become negligent in public affairs.
Indirect election encourages corruption because the number of voters is very small and therefore it is easier to purchase their votes. Besides money other methods are also used to pressurise the voters.
Actually it leads to more parties.

Question 25.
Write four merits of Direct Election.
Answer:

Direct election is consistent with the principle of democracy. People have direct share in the choice of their representatives.
The representative elected directly feels responsible to the people and he tries to keep himself in touch with them and works to better their conditions.
Direct election system makes the citizen active and alert. A direct contact between the electors and the representatives stimulates interest in public affairs and develops the sense of public spirit.
Direct election checks the use of correct and unfair means in elections.

Question 26.
Write four demerits of Direct Election.
Answer:

Direct election means political excitement which leads to the election of undesirable candidates. The voters are easily carried away or misled by clever orators.
Direct election increases the election expenditure which entails a heavy burden on the public purse.
Thirdly, direct election places the final choice of the representatives in the hands of the masses and most of them do not have enough of intelligence or independence to vote for the right type of candidates.
Many citizens, who would have proved the best administrators, avoid to contest elections. This means a great national loss.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the composition of Indian Election Commission.
Answer:
The Election Commission consists of the Chief Election Commissioner and two other Election Commissioners. The appointment of Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners is made by the President. Generally the Election Commissioner is appointed for a period of six years. The conditions of service of the Chief Election Commissioner shall not be varied to his disadvantage after his appointment.

Question 2.
Discuss two techniques of election campaign in India.
Answer:

Every main political party and sometimes independent candidates issue . election manifesto.
Political parties and candidates arrange public meetings and processions, by which they try to persuade the voters in their favour through their speeches and personalities.

Question 3.
Write down any two functions of Election Commission.
Answer:
1. Election Commission supervises, directs and controls the elections. Such elections include election to Parliament, the legislature of every State and the offices of the President and the Vice-President held under the Constitution of India.
2. Election Commission prepares electoral rolls and delimitation of constituencies.

Question 4.
Which two conditions are necessary for the successful functioning of electoral system in India?
Answer:
The following three conditions are essential for the successful functioning of electoral system in India.
1. Independence of Election Commission:
For the successful functioning of electoral system in India it is essential that the Election Commission should be independent.

2. Check on Money Power:
A major drawback of Indian electoral system is the growing influence of money in election. For fair election it is essential that the role of money power in election should be controlled.

Question 5.
Mention any two drawbacks of Indian Electoral System.
Answer:
1. Number of Seats:
There is no relationship between the votes secured by a party and its strength in the Assembly or the Parliament. The number of seats secured by a particular party is not proportionate to the voters.

2. Money Power: Another important drawback of Indian electoral system is the growing influence of money in elections.

Question 6.
Write any two factors which influence Voting Behaviour.
Answer:

Influence of Religion: Religion influences the voting behaviour to a great extent. In India, many parties seek votes on the basis of religion.
Influence of Caste: Caste influences the voting behaviour to a large extent. In India caste plays a very important role in elections.

Question 7.
Describe any two preliminary stages of election procedure in India.
Answer:
In India election procedure is as follows:
1. Constituencies:
The first important task in election is delimitation of constituencies. Parliament passed the Delimitation Commission Act, 1952. The Act provides for the establishment of a Delimitation Commission for the purpose of delimitating constituencies in each state after every census.

Question 8.
What is the reason for people’s low participation in Indian democracy?
Answer:
1. Poverty. Majority of the people in India are poor. A poor person remains worried about earning his livelihood and has no time to cast his vote. The poor person does not even think about the elections.

2. Illiteracy. Majority of the people in India are illiterate. An illiterate person does not understand the importance of the right to vote. Hence illiterate persons don’t go to cast their votes.

Question 9.
What do you understand by Political Participation in a Democracy?
Answer:
Political participation broadly refers to a wide spectrum of political activities ranging from the simple act of voting to widespread political activism in the political process. It thus implies several voluntary activities apart from voting during the elections.

Question 10.
Mention any two features of the Indian Electoral System.
Answer:
The two important features of the Indian Electoral System are the following:

Universal Adult Franchise: In India the system of universal adult franchise has been adopted for the election of members to Lok Sabha and to State Legislative Assemblies.
Direct Election: The Constitution provides for the system of direct election of the members to the House of the People and to Legislative Assembly of every state by the eligible voters.

Question 11.
What do you mean by Universal Adult Franchise?
Answer:
By universal adult franchise we mean that every citizen both male and female, above the age of maturity, irrespective of caste, colour, creed, property, education, profession or sex, is entitled to enjoy the right to vote in the election. The age of attaining maturity is fixed by the state. In England and in India it is 18 years.

Question 12.
Give two statements in favour of Universal Adult Franchise.
Or
Give two arguments in favour of Adult Franchise.
Answer:
The arguments in favour of adult franchise are given below:
1. It is in accordance with democratic principles. The principle of adult franchise is in accordance with the democratic principles.
2. National unity. The system of Universal Adult Franchise is quite essential for the maintenance of national unity. If the system of Universal Adult Franchise is introduced then all the citizens would consider the State as their own.

Question 13.
Give two arguments against Adult Franchise.
Answer:
1. The uneducated should not be given the right to vote. The right to vote is not a natural or an inherent right which everybody can enjoy. The educated persons can make the proper use of their rights. An uneducated person cannot understand who is the best candidate out of all.

2. Government of the fools. The system of Universal Adult Franchise establishes a government of the fools because the fools and the ignorant are in a majority in the society.

Question 14.
What is meant by Direct and Indirect Election?
Answer:
In the system of direct election the voters directly participate in election and elect their representatives. But in indirect election the voters do not directly participate in the election of their representatives but choose an intermediary body which elects the representatives.

Question 15.
Write any two merits of Indirect Election.
Answer:

It is useful where the people are sufficiently educated and politically organised.
Indirect election minimizes the evils of party politics and propaganda.

Question 16.
Mention any two demerits of Indirect Election.
Answer:

The method of indirect election creates a big gap between the representatives and the voters. The representatives do not feel responsible to the primary voters.
The voters have no direct participation in the selection of their representatives and so they take little interest in politics and become negligent in public affairs.

Question 17.
Write any two merits of Direct Election method.
Answer:

Direct election is consistent with the principle of democracy. People have direct share in the choice of their representatives.
The representative elected directly feels responsible to the people and he tries to keep himself in touch with them and works to better their conditions.

Question 18.
Write four demerits of Direct Election.
Answer:

Direct election means political excitement which leads to the election of undesirable candidates. The voters are easily carried away or misled by clever orators.
Direct election increases the election expenditure which entails a heavy burden on the public purse.

One Line Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is Electorate?
Answer:
That part of the total population which participates in election of its representatives is collectively called Electorate.

Question 2.
What is the criterion (basis) for a person to cast vote in India?
Answer:
A citizen, who is eighteen years old or above this age, has the right to cast vote.

Question 3.
What principle of Enfranchisement has been adopted in India?
Answer:
Principle of Universal Adult Frachise.

Question 4.
In which chapter and in which Articles of the Indian Constitution the electoral system has been described?
Answer:
The electoral system has been described in the 15th chapter of the Indian Constitution from Art. 324 to 329.

Question 5.
Write one feature of Indian electoral system.
Answer:
Joint electorate system has been adopted for the election.

Question 6.
Write the composition of Election Commission of India.
Answer:
In the Election Commission, there is a Chief Election Commissioner and a few other Election Commissioners.

Question 7.
How the members of Election Commission are appointed?
Answer:
According to the Constitution, the appointment of the members of the Election Commsission is made by the President.

Question 8.
How is the Chief Election Commissioner appointed?
Answer:
The Chief Election Commissioner is appointed by the President.

Question 9.
Mention the tenure of the members of the Election Commission.
Answer:
The tenure of the members of the Election Commission is fixed by President after framing laws for it. Usually this tenure is six years.

Question 10.
Write one function of Election Commission of India.
Answer:
The main function of the Election Commission is to conduct elections for Parliament and State Legislatures and to prepare electoral rolls.

Question 11.
In India, how many elections have been held so far for the Constitution of Lok Sabha?
Answer:
Till now, there have been 17 elections for the Constitution of Lok Sabha.

Question 12.
In which year, elections to the first Lok Sabha were held in India?
Answer:
The elections for the first Lok Sabha in India were held in 1952.

Question 13.
Which two elections are conducted by Indirect Electoral Process in India?
Answer:
1. President
2. Vice-President.

Question 14.
Which two elections are conducted in India through direct election process?
Answer:
1. Election of Lok Sabha 2. Election of Legislative Assembly.

Fill in The Blanks

1. …………….. number of elections of Lok Sabha have so far been conducted in India.
Answer:
Seventeen

2. Mass political consciousness has been encouraging electoral …………….. in India.
Answer:
Participation

3. The Chief Election Commissioner can be removed by the …………….. .
Answer:
Parliament

4. At present, there are …………….. members in Election Commission.
Answer:
Three

5. For election to the Lok Sabha or State Legislative Assemblies, India has adopted a …………….. system of representation.
Answer:
Territorial.

True Or False Statement

1. The Parliament, through 61st Amendment, reduced the minimum voting age from 21 to 18.
Answer:
True

2. 1st Lok Sabha election was held in 1950, and 15th Lok Sabha election was held in 2004.
Answer:
False

3. In India, there is Universal Adult Franchise.
Answer:
True

4. Main drawback of Indian electroal system is the growing influence of money in elections.
Answer:
True

5. The bye election will be held within six months from the date the vacancy occurs.
Answer:
True

Choose The Correct Answer

Question 1.
Which is the biggest democratic country in the world?
(a) Japan
(b) India
(c) U.K.
(d) U.S.A.
Answer:
(b) India

Question 2.
The Chief Election Commission is appointed by:
(a) Parliament
(b) President
(c) Prime Minister
(d) Governor.
Answer:
(b) President

Question 3.
How many members are there in Election Commission?
(a) one
(b) two
(c) three
(d) four.
Answer:
(c) three

Question 4.
Election Commissioner in India is appointed for a period of:
(a) 4 years
(b) 7 years
(c) 6 years
(d) 5 years.
Answer:
(c) 6 years

Question 5.
In India the voting is fixed at the age of:
(a) 14 years
(b) 17 years
(c) 18 years
(d) 15 years.
Answer:
(c) 18 years

PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Solutions Chapter 5 Creative Thinking

October 21, 2024October 20, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Book Solutions Chapter 5 Creative Thinking Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Welcome Life Chapter 5 Creative Thinking

Welcome Life Guide for Class 9 PSEB Creative Thinking InText Questions and Answers

Textbook Page No. 28

1. Here are two maps of Punjab in front of you. In the first picture draw or write on the map about the present scenario of Punjab, What you see today.
2. In the second picture, draw or write about the scene you imagine and wish to see our ‘Future Punjab’.
PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Solutions Chapter 5 Creative Thinking Img 1

Answer:
Do it yourself with the help of -your creative thinking.

3. In our village, wastewater gets collected in a pond after domestic use. This water is not used for any useful purpose. Can we make this water useful or suggest some alternative for it. Write ten lines about it.
Answer:
By installing a water treatment plant in the village, domestic water of the village can be treated and then used to grow vegetables and flowers. It will save a lot of water and money can be earned as well by selling flowers and vegetables in the market.
PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Solutions Chapter 5 Creative Thinking Img 2

Textbook Page No. 29

Let’s think of some new ideas.

Question 1.
The water from the taps in your school seeps into the pond. How can we make proper use of it?
Answer:
A garden can be made in the school and flowers can be planted over there. Tap water can be given to the garden and flowers and we can save a lot of water.

Question 2.
Your father is a farmer. He only does farming. His income is low. What other activities related to agriculture, can you advise your father?
Answer:
There is enough talking these days about diversity in agriculture. I would also advise my father that if you want to make more profit in agriculture, you have to give up the old crops and start growing the new ones. For example, a fruit orchard can be planted and flowers can be cultivated. The profit in this is quite high.

Question 3.
In your school, rainwater gets collected in your ground and dries after several days. It produces mosquitoes and filth. What solution can we suggest?
Answer:
This problem can have two solutions. Firstly, rainwater can be pumped into the ground with the help of pipes so that the groundwater level should not fall down. Another way is to collect rainwater and use it to feed school gardens and trees. This can save a lot of water.

Question 4.
You have dreams to be someone great become in life. Which are the obstacles in the way of fulfillment of this dream? Which solutions are you thinking about?
Answer:
Everyone has a dream to become something in life and there are obstacles in the way of fulfilling that dream such as competition, homely atmosphere, money, etc. There is a solution to all these problems. For the competition, we can do a lot of hard work and fulfill our dream. The atmosphere of the family can be changed after having a discussion with family members. Money issue comes everywhere. This loan can be taken from the bank and can be repaid in installments. In this way, we can find the solution to every problem.

5. For example, you want to become a doctor.
Prepare its table by yourself as given below :
PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Solutions Chapter 5 Creative Thinking Img 3
Answer:
Do it yourself.

You want to outshine in studies by scoring high scores. Prepare a table as given below about your problem and solutions.
PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Solutions Chapter 5 Creative Thinking Img 4
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Guide Creative Thinking Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. The base of human life is ………………. thinking.
(a) Creative
(b) Personal
(c) Social
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Creative

2. A person with creative thinking wants to create something.
(a) Old
(b) New
(c) Personal
(d) Social
Answer:
(b) New

3. When the mother mixes the leftover vegetables in the dough and makes parathas at home, what type of thinking it is?
(a) Old
(b) Sarcastic
(c) Creative
(d) No one
Answer:
(c) Creative

4. Life can be ………………. with creative thinking.
(a) changed
(b) reminded
(c) static
(d) No one
Answer:
(a) changed

5. ………………… keeps coming up at every turn of life.
(a) New turns
(b) New issues
(c) New problems
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

6. To solve his problems, one needs to find ……………. solutions.
(a) New
(b) Old
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) New

7. Dasrath Manjhi lived in ……………..
(a) Jharkhand
(b) Gujrat
(c) Bihar
(d) Chattisgarh.
Answer:
(c) Bihar

8. Who is known as the ‘Mountain Man?
(a) Dasrath Manjhi
(b) Jyotiba Pauley
(c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(d) Swami Vivekanand.
Answer:
(a) Dasrath Manjhi

9. What important work was done by Dasrath Manjhi?
(a) Broke mountain
(b) Made road by cutting a mountain
(c) Dig a canal
(d) Cut down trees from the forest
Answer:
(b) Made road by cutting a mountain.

10. What is required to find a new solution to a problem?
(a) Thinking
(b) Behaviour
(c) Courage
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

11. We must know how to ……………………. ourselves in front of others.
(a) Express
(b) Spoil
(d) Destroy
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Express

Fill in the Blanks:

1. We face problems at every step of ………………….
Answer:
life

2. The skill of …………… can take us to great heights.
Answer:
expression

3. Rock Garden was made by ……………………..
Answer:
Nek Chand

4. Rock Garden is situated in ……………….
Answer:
Chandigarh

5. ………………… thinking is the base of human life.
Answer:
Creative

Tick the Right (✓) or Wrong (x) Statement:

1. Dasrath Manjhi made a road in a river.
Answer:
x

2. Nek Chand made Rock Garden.
Answer:
✓

3. Nature always creates something new.
Answer:
✓

4. Creative thinking brings changes.
Answer:
✓

5. There is a solution to every problem.
Answer:
✓

Match the Following:

(A)	(B)
Dasrath Manjhi	Chandigarh
Creative thinking	Bihar
Problems	Wish to create new
Nek Chand	Solution
Rock Garden	Rock Garden

Answer:

(A)	(B)
Dasrath Manjhi	Bihar
Creative thinking	Wish to create new
Problems	Solution
Nek Chand	Rock Garden
Rock Garden	Chandigarh

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
What is the base of human life?
Answer:
The basis of human life is creative thinking.

Question 2.
How students can do their work in a new way?
Answer:
Students can use creative thinking to do their work in a new way.

Question 3.
How can anything new be created?
Answer:
Something new can be created with creative thinking.

Question 4.
Does nature have any creative power?
Answer:
Yes, nature does have creative power.

Question 5.
How can we bring creative power into ourselves?
Answer:
By changing the way we look at things, we can put creative power into ourselves.

Question 6.
What does creative thinking mean?
Answer:
Creative thinking means the tendency to do something new, unique, and original.

Question 7.
When would a person with creative thinking get social respect?
Answer:
He gets social respect when he creates something new and develops himself.

Question 8.
What do we get at every turn of life?
Answer:
At every turn of life, we encounter new issues and new difficulties.

Question 9.
What man has achieved so far is the result of which thinking?
Answer:
Whatever man has achieved so far is the result of his creative thinking.

Question 10.
Who was Dasrath Manjhi ?
Answer:
Dasrath Manjhi lived in Bihar who worked hard for 22 years to make a road by cutting a mountain.

Question 11.
Why did Dasrath Manjhi make a road by cutting a mountain?
Answer:
Because his wife died by slipping from a hill and they did not reach the hospital on road due to lack of a road.

Question 12.
Who is known as the ‘Mountain Man’?
Answer:
Dasrath Manjhi is known as the ‘Mountain Man’

Question 13.
What is required to find new solutions?
Answer:
Finding new solutions requires thinking and courage.

Question 14.
What is the benefit of making the right decision at right time?
Answer:
The right decisions made at the right time make our lives more meaningful.

Question 15.
What type of age is the present age?
Answer:
The present age is the age of presenting oneself in front of others in a better way.

Question 16.
Who is successful in life?
Answer:
One who has the art of presenting himself along with knowledge becomes successful in life.

Question 17.
Why was Nek Chand famous?
Answer:
Because Nek Chand made Rock Garden from the waste products.

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Explain the development of creativity.
Answer:
The meaning of creativity is to create or to do something new, unique, and original. People with a creative mind, always think of new ideas and always try to express such ideas in a unique way. Different individuals have different qualities and traits. An individual with a creative mind uses this quality to develop himself and that’s why he gets social respect. Such focus can be associated with any field i.e. art, literature, science, etc. If such creativity will be developed among students, we can properly use their energy to create new ideas.

Question 2.
Write a note on Nature’s power of creativity.
Answer:
Nature is always creating something new around us. Crumbs sprouted on the branches of the trees. New fruits and flowers appear on the trees and plants. All the planets or the earth are constantly revolving around the sun. High mountains, rivers, lakes, waterfalls, everything is created by nature. We are also created by nature. There is an infinite power of nature that beings something new every day. In this way, we too must create something new so that the cycle of nature continues.

Question 3.
How can we find a new solution or a new path?
Answer:
We live in the world and live life. Every step we take in life brings us new twists and turns and we face many problems at every turn. Every day we face many difficulties. At that time it becomes important for us to find a solution to that problem. Everything that human beings have achieved from primitive man to the present day is the result of all the efforts that have been made to overcome the difficulties. When the need arises man thinks and finds ways to solve the problem. This is how new solutions or new paths are found.

Question 4.
“Necessity is the mother of invention”. Explain the statement with an example.
Answer:
It is true that necessity is the mother of invention. Here we can take the example of a thirsty crow who was moving here and there in search of water. Then he found a jug but the water was quite less. It was not possible for the crow to drink the water. Here crow found the new solution. Few stones were lying there around the jug. Crow picked stones one by one and put them in the Jug. The water level rose up. Crow drank the water and moved on. In this way whenever any need arises, we find a unique solution.

Question 5.
Why is Dasrath Manjhi called the ‘Mountain Man’?
Answer:
Dasrath Manjhi lived in Bihar and his village was surrounded by mountains or hills where he worked. Once his wife was coming to him to give lunch and died by slipping from a hill. The hospital was 55 km away and she did not reach the hospital on time so she died. That’s why Manjhi worked hard for 22 years. He cut the mountain and made a 360 feet long and 30 feet wide road. Initially, he was called crazy but once the road was built, he was given the name of the ‘Mountain Man’.

Question 6.
What is the significance of the art of presentation in today’s world?
Answer:
In today’s world, the art of presentation is of great importance. The meaning of the presentation is presenting oneself in front of the world in a better way. One who has knowledge along with the art of Presentation can achieve great success in life. No matter is which field the person is in, an individual with the art of presentation can achieve great heights. When we present ourselves, in front of others, in a better way, others can be highly impressed. In this way, this art is very important in the present age.

Long Answer Type Question:

Question 1.
What did you learn from this chapter? Explain in detail.
Answer:
We learned many things from the chapter such as :

Everyone must have a trait of creative thinking with which he can create something new.
Nature always creates something new. In the same way, we can also create something new.
While living in society, we face many problems and we need to find the best solution to such problems.
If a person thinks something, he can do it with hard work. For example, Dasrath Manjhi cut down a mountain and made a road.
While finding solutions to problems, we need to take the right decision at right time. It makes life meaningful.
Everyone must have the art of presentation, Knowledge, and art of presentation can make an individual quite successful.

Source-Based Question:

Question 1.
Read the source and answer the following questions.
A man named Dasrath Manjhi was a resident of Bihar. His village was surrounded by mountains. He worked between the hills. His wife Falguni Devi was coming to give him his lunch. She fell down from the hill. The hospital was 55 km away from his village. The actual distance was 15 km if there were no mountains in between. If his wife would have rushed to the hospital in time, she could have survived. So she died. With these thoughts in mind, Manjhi, constantly worked hard for 22 years to cut the mountain and made a 360 ft. long and 30 ft. wide road. At first, people made fun of him. by calling him crazy but once the road was built he came to be known as “The Mountain Man”.

1. Who was Dasrath Manjhi ?
Answer:
Dasrath Manjhi lived in Bihar who made a road by cutting a mountain.

2. How big was the road made by Manjhi?
Answer:
Manjhi worked hard for 22 years to cut the mountain and make a 360 feet long and 30 feet wide road.

3. Why is Dasrath Manjhi called the ‘Mountain Man’?
Answer:
Dasrath Manjhi is called the ‘Mountain Man’ because he cut the mountain and cut the road for the convenience of the public.

4. Why did Manjhi make a road by cutting a mountain?
Answer:
Manjhi’s wife slipped from a hill and died when she was coming to him to serve the lunch and that’s why he made a road so that people can reach the hospital very easily and quickly.

5. How did Manjhi’s wife die?
Answer:
She died by slipping from a hill while she was on the way to serve lunch to her husband Dasrath Manjhi.

PSEB 9th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Introduction to MS-Access

October 21, 2024October 20, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Computer Book Solutions Chapter 5 Introduction to MS-Access Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Computer Science Chapter 5 Introduction to MS-Access

Computer Guide for Class 9 PSEB Introduction to MS-Access Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

1. ………………. is a relational database management system.
(a) Excel
(b) Word
(c) Powerpoint
(d) Access
Answer:
(d) Access

2. ………………… is the main part of the database.
(a) Query
(b) Table
(c) Form
(d) Module
Answer:
(b) Table

3. One field is the collection set of ………………..
(a) Database
(b) Tables
(c) Data items
(d) Forms
Answer:
(c) Data items

4. Queries are used for tables to convert, …………….., ………………… and ………………..
(a) Store, Forms, Update
(b) For delete, Create table, Update
(c) For Store, Paste, Copy
(d) Copy Queries, Make modules, create reports
Answer:
(b) For delete, Create table, Update

5. Important setting for a field is called ………………..
(a) Database
(b) Macro
(c) Data types
(d) Reports
Answer:
(c) Data types

2. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the name of components of MS-Access.
Answer:
M-S Access has various components. All of the components along with their descriptions are shown below :
Table. Access 2010 Program Window Elements

Name	Description
Title bar	Appears at the top of the program window and displays the name of the database and the program. The buttons on the right side of the Title bar are used to minimize, maximize, restore, and close the program window.
Quick Access toolbar	Appears on the left side of the Title bar and contains frequently used commands that are independent of the tab displayed on the Ribbon.
Ribbon Extends	Extends across the top of the program window, directly below the Title bar, and consists of a set of tabs, each of which contains groups of related commands.
Navigation pane	Appears on the left side of the program window and displays a list of all the objects in a database.
Object window	Appears below the Ribbon and displays open database objects.
Status bar	Appears at the bottom of the program window and displays information about the database and provides access to certain program functions.

Question 2.
Write data types that are used in MS-Access.
Answer:
Data is stored in the computer according to its type. MS-Access supports various data types which are :
Text. The field can contain any characters. The Field Size property defines the maximum number of characters. The maximum cannot be above 255 characters.
Memo. Like a text field, but the maximum number of characters is 65,535. Access takes more time to process a memo field, so use text fields if adequate.
Number. The field can contain a number. The Field Size property defines what kind of number. ,,
Integer. A small integer. It must be in the range -32,768 to +32,767 (a 16-bit integer).

Long Integer. It must be in the range of around -2,140 million to +2,140 million (a 32-bit integer).
Single. A decimal number in the range from -3.4*1038 to +3.4*1038 with an accuracy of 6 or 7 significant digits (a 32-bit floating-point number).
Double. A decimal number in the range from -1.8*10308 to +1.8*10308 with 14 significant digits (a 64-bit floating-point number).
Decimal. A very long integer with a decimal point placed somewhere. Intended for monetary calculations where rounding must be strictly controlled. In the book, we use Single or Double instead.

Question 3.
What are the advantages of MS-Access?
Answer:
Various advantages of using MS Access are :
1. Easy to install and use —Access gives data managers a fully functional, relational database management system in minutes. Like many other Microsoft applications, Access contains Wizards that walk you through each step of the way. The user interface is intuitive; accelerating data information retrieval.

2. Ease to integrate—Access works well with many of the developing software programs based in Windows. It also can be used in the front-end as back-end tables with products like Microsoft SQL Server and non-Microsoft products like Oracle and Sybase.

3. NET-friendly—Access is a go-to choice for users who plan to develop software using .NET; linking to Access database. Its graphical user interface also offers easy functionality and setup.

4. Widely popular—Microsoft Access is the most popular desktop database system in the world.

Question 4.
What do you mean by record?
Answer:
A record is sometimes referred to as a row, while a field is also known as a column. There are several ways to delete, add or edit records in a table using Microsoft Access. Users can directly manipulate records in Datasheet view. A query can be created and designed to edit and view records by simply running the query. Alternatively, a form can also be designed and created based on a database query or table then used to manipulate records.

Question 5.
What is table 7-Name the different ways to create a table?
Answer:
A table is a database object that you define and use to store data. Each table contains information about a particular subject (such as customers). A table consists of records and fields. Each record contains data about one instance of the table subject (such as a particular customer). Each record consists of one or more fields. Each field contains data about one aspect of the table subject (such as a customer’s first name or email address). Because other database objects depend so heavily on tables, you should always start your design of a database by creating all of its tables, and then creating any other objects. In Datasheet view, a table is similar in appearance to an Excel worksheet in that data is stored in rows (records) and columns (fields). The first row contains column headers (field names). In this format, the table is often simply referred to as a datasheet.

There are two ways to create a table in MS Access which are:

Creating Tables in Datasheet View
Creating Tables in Design View

Question 6.
What do you mean by Form?
Answer:
A Form is a database object which allows you to view the data one record at a time, unlike a Table where you can view the data as a continuous list of records. A Form is a convenient tool for data entry purposes because it allows the user to see all the Field entries in a single record at one time, unlike the Table view (the Datasheet View) which will often be unable to show all the data fields of a single record across the screen.

Question 7.
What is the report?
Answer:
A report is an object in Microsoft Access that is used to display and print your data in an organized manner. The Navigation Pane is where you can find all of the saved reports in the database. To view your reports, make sure that all objects are visible in the Navigation Pane. To do this, click on the Navigation Pane menu and select “Object Type” from the popup menu. Click on the Navigation Pane menu one more time and select “All Access Objects” from the popup menu. Now the Navigation Pane should display all of the tables, queries, forms, reports, and modules that are in your database. You should now be able to see all of your report objects.

3. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the instructions to design the database? Explain it.
Answer:
Various instructions to create a Database are :
The rule of thumb that should guide you, when planning a database, is that it becomes increasingly difficult to make changes the further along you go in the process of building a new database. If you think about it, this is true of anything you create. Here, then, are some words of wisdom that you should bear in mind when designing a database.

Taking your time upfront saves time later on:
The database you create will have a long, useful life if you take the time to plan it carefully. After you have decided on the fields to include with each record, and before you create the database, you should still invest time designing layouts for reports. Thinking about reports will cause you to think about what data you plan to put in the database.

Teamwork helps:
During the planning stage, run your ideas by others who are familiar with the kind of database you have in mind. Network among your friends. Tell them what you have in mind. Ask them to review your design. You’ll be surprised how many valuable ideas they’ll come up with that may have escaped you if you had relied on your own resources. Another good idea is to involve your students in the design. This will help them learn skills that will benefit them throughout their lives.

Keep fields simple:
The more “atomic” your fields the more flexible will be your database. Atomic here means “reduced to its simplest form.” For example, in a database of names and addresses, you would keep each part of the person’s name as a separate field. The first name should be stored by itself; the same for the middle name and last name. That way you can sort the names by first or last name. You can print a listing last name first or first name last, with or without the middle name, and so on. You will have choices. Lumping the whole name under one field limits your options.

Question 2.
Write steps to make table through datasheet view.
Answer:
Creating Tables in Datasheet View: In the Datasheet view, you can enter data into a new table without first defining the table’s structure.

To create a table in Datasheet view :
On the Create tab, in the Tables group, click the Table button. A new, blank table opens in the Object window in Datasheet view.
Adding Fields by Entering Data. You can add a new field to the table by entering data in the Click to Add column (the last column) of the datasheet; Access will automatically assign a data type based on the data that you enter.
To add a field by entering data :

1. Click in the first cell in the Click to Add column, enter the first item of data for the new record, and then press the Tab or Enter key to move to the first cell in the column to the right. Access assigns the value 1 to the ID field, assigns the name Field to the second field, and moves the Click to Add label to the third column. The icon on the row selector changes to a pencil to indicate that the record has been changed, but has not yet been saved, and the asterisk (*) icon moves to the row selector of the next row.

2. Click the pencil icon in the row selector. This saves the first record with the value 1 assigned to the ID field; subsequent records will be numbered sequentially.

3. Continue entering items of data in consecutive cells, and pressing the Tab or Enter key.

4. When you finish entering all the data for the first record, click anywhere in the row below to save the record. After you complete the first record of a new table, you should change the default field names to something more meaningful. For instructions, see the Renaming Field section of this handout. After you enter several rows of data, it is a good idea to save the table. For instructions, see the Saving Table section of this handout.

Question 3.
How does the table create in design view? Write steps.
Answer:
To create a table in Design view various steps are:

1. On the Create tab, in the Tables group, click the Table Design button. A new, blank table opens in the Object window in Design view.

To define fields various steps are:

In the Field Name column, type a name for the first field.
In the Data Type column, click the down arrow and select a data type from the list (see Figure). The Field Properties pane displays the available properties for the selected data type.
In the Description column, type a description for the field.
Repeat steps 1 through 3 to add additional fields to the table. After you add all of your fields, you must save the table before you can add any data.

Question 4.
What are the filters? Write steps to implement it.
Answer:
Filters allow you to view only the data you want to see. When you create a filter, you set criteria for the data you want to display. The filter then searches all of the records in the table, finds the ones that meet your search criteria, and temporarily hides the ones that don’t. Filters are useful because they allow you to focus on specific records without being distracted by the data you’re uninterested in. For instance, if you had a database that included customer and order information, you could create a filter to display only customers living within a certain city or only orders that contain a certain product. Viewing this data with a filter won11 be far more convenient than searching for it in a large table.

Steps to create a filler
1. Click the drop-down arrow next to the field you want to filter by. We will filter by city because we want to see a list of customers who live in a certain city.
2. A drop-down menu with a checklist will appear. Only checked items will be included in the filtered results. Use the following options to determine which items will be included in your filter :

Select and deselect items one at a time by clicking their checkboxes. Here, we will deselect all of the options except for Cary.
Click Select All to include every item in the filter. Clicking Select All a second time will deselect all items.
Click Blank to set the filter to find only the records with no data in the selected field.

3. Click OK.

Question 5.
What is sorting? How do you implement it on your document?
Answer:
Sorting is the tool in MS Access that lets you organize your data. When you sort data, you are putting it in some order. When you sort records, you are putting them into a logical order, with similar data grouped together. For example, the information in a database belonging to a bakery could be Sorted in a number of ways:

Orders could be sorted by order date or by the last name of the customers who placed the orders.
Customers could be sorted by name or by the city or zip. code where they live.
Products could be sorted by name, category (like pies, cakes, and cupcakes), or price.

You can sort both text and numbers in two ways: in ascending order and descending order. Ascending means going up, so an ascending sort will arrange numbers from smallest to largest and text from A to Z. Descending means going down, or largest to smallest for numbers and Z to A for text. First, you have to move to the column on which the sort is to be based:

Press <Tab> to move to the Surname field
Click on [Ascending] in the Sort & Filter group on the Home tab of the Ribbon. The names of the students are now in alphabetical order. Note that only the screen display is sorted – the records are still stored in the order in which they were typed, and they always will be.
Use the [Remove Sort] button to reset the data to its original unsorted order.

PSEB 9th Class Computer Guide Introduction to MS-Access Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the Blanks

1. ………………… is the main file of the database.
(a) Table
(b) Field
(c) Database
(d) Record
Answer:
(c) Database

2. ………………. provides facility to store data.
(a) Row
(b) Column
(c) Table
(d) Field
Answer:
(c) Table

3. ………………… is the special setting of the field.
(a) Data
(b) Database
(c) Data type
(d) Data field
Answer:
(c) Data type

4. …………….. is a unique Key.
(a) Secondary
(b) Candidate
(c) Foreign
(d) Primary
Answer:
(d) Primary

True or False

1. Access is a product of Microsoft company
Answer:
True

2. Forms are used to view data.
Answer:
False

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is Query?
Answer:
A query allows the user to view, change, and analyze data in different ways like combining data from two different tables (Customers and Orders) to create a user’s own custom view (London Orders for April). Can also be used as the source of records for forms, reports, and data access pages.

Question 2.
Define form and report in Ms access.
Answer:
Form: A form allows a user to enter/change/update data to the table(s)
Report: A report is an effective way to output your data in a printed format in the way you want it

Question 3.
Explain how you can import data from other sources into the Access database?
Answer:
To import data into the Access database :

In the main menu, click on EXTERNAL DATA, in the Import and Link group
Choose the type of file you want to import
To know which type of file can be imported or link the Access database, follow the instruction in the Get External Data wizard

Question 4.
Explain what is the size limitation for an Access database?
Answer:
The Access 2.0 database has a size limitation of 1 gigabyte.

Question 5.
Between different data’s what are types of relationships can be formed?
Answer:
The table contains your data can build three types of relationships:

One-to-one relationships: A single piece of data in one table is linked with a single data in another table.
One-to-many relationship: A single piece of data in a table is linked to several data’s in another table
Many-to-many relationship: Where several data’s in one table is related to several other data’s in another table

Question 6.
Explain how you can build a relationship between the different databases in Access?
Answer:
When you establish a relationship between two data, the first table for your data is referred to as the primary key while the new field in another data is called a foreign key.

Question 7.
Name some of the file extensions for MS Access.
Answer:
One of the file extensions for MS Access is

Access database.accdb
Access project.adp
Access project.mdw .
Access blank project template.adn
Access workgroup.mdw
Protected access database.accde

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain how you can create a form in Microsoft Access 2013?
Answer:
Forms allow inserting data across multiple tables. There are different methods for creating forms but with the Form Wizard method, you can always modify the form later using Design View. To create a form

From the main menu, click on CREATE and then choose the FORM option
It will create a new form in Layout view, based on the fields in the Customer table
Scroll the drop-down arrow under the View icon and select Form View. This is how the user will see the form.
On the form, you will see fields like Customer, First Name, Last Name, and Date Created
After filling in all details in the form, you can see the newly created record with data in the table
Once you completed filling the field in the form, confirm that you click on the save button on the top of the ribbon

Question 2.
In MS Access 2013 what are the different ways you can enter data?
Answer:
Different methods you can enter data in MS Access are

Datasheet View
Form
SQL View
Import from External Data (XML, Data Services, HTML, etc.)

Question 3.
How do you import data from another access database?
Answer:
The process of importing data from another Access database follows these general steps they are. % Preparing the document for import operation and make sure that extensions are not in .mde or .accde because in that extension you can import only tables. % Source should be closed automatically when the process is completed % Make sure that you have permission to reading and write.

Question 4.
What types of applications can we build with Microsoft Access?
Answer:
There really is no limit on the types of applications that can be built with Microsoft Access. Accounting, order management, inventory, contact management, estimating, and project management are just a few types. For example, some companies find that available accounting software packages do not give them the flexibility they need to capture their accounting information and choose to build a custom Access application designed specifically for their business needs. The same holds true for order and inventory management.

Microsoft makes available many Microsoft Access templates for common needs such as contact management, inventory, etc. which can be customized further to meet a particular business need. These templates are available on the Microsoft.com website. Regardless of whether an existing template exists, Microsoft Access can Be used to design powerful, multi-user applications that can drive extraordinary efficiencies in your business.

PSEB 10th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Microsoft Publishers-I

October 21, 2024October 20, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Computer Book Solutions Chapter 7 Microsoft Publishers-I Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 10 Computer Science Chapter 7 Microsoft Publishers-I

Computer Guide for Class 10 PSEB Microsoft Publishers-I Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Choose an application used to design and produce attractive advertising and promotional material.
(a) Document
(b) Spreadsheet
(c) Publication
(d) Presentation
Answer:
(c) Publication

Question 2
Publisher enables us to produce quick publications by using:
(a) Manual
(b) Wizards
(c) Customize
(d) All of these
Answer:
(b) Wizards

Question 3
To open the Microsoft publisher by keyboard, what we need to type in search bar?
(a) WordPad
(b) Notepad
(c) Access
(d) Publisher
Answer:
(d) Publisher

Question 4
Each tab is divided into:
(a) Groups
(b) Status Bar
(c) Menus
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Groups

PSEB 10th Class Computer Book Chapter 7 Microsoft Publishers-I

Question 5
After creating publication, save the publication by clicking on save option in:
(a) Groups
(b) Home
(c) Insert
(d) View
Answer:
(a) Groups

Question 6
Close the publication by clicking button in File menu.
(a) Open
(b) New
(c) Print
(d) Close
Answer:
(d) Close

2. Fill In The Blanks

1. We can also add the objects to the blank Layout like ………….. word art, and auto shapes etc.
Answer:
Text, Pictures

2. The handles centered on the lines of the box will stretch the object ………… and …………. .
Answer:
Vertically and Horizontally

3. We can …………. and …………… on the handles to resize our frame.
Answer:
Click and Drag

4. To view additional features within each group, click the dialog box launcher (arrow) at the bottom of each ……………..
Answer:
Right Comer, Group

5. When we click on a small circles appear around the edge of ……………. the frame. These are called
Answer:
Frame , Handles.

3. True or False

1. A Template is a tool used in Publisher to help us easily create basic publication.
Answer:
True

2. Most publications are divided into several different areas called frames.
Answer:
True

3. The comer handles will resize the object proportionally.
Answer:
True

4. Before exiting Publisher, we should not close all the publications.
Answer:
False

5. We cannot add items to the quick access toolbar by click on any item.
Answer:
False

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Extension used to save a publication is?
Answer:
.pub

Question 2.
To move objects which cursor is used?
Answer:
Crosshairs

Question 3.
Online Templates are available in?
Answer:
Office.com

Question 4.
List of our recently used Publisher files are in?
Answer:
Recent

Question 5.
AZX The text is arranged around the object by using which option?
Answer:
Wrap text

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is Publisher?
Answer:
Publisher is an application software which is used to create publication for professional and personal use. It is a product of Microsoft company. It is one of the major software of Desktop Publishing.

Question 2.
Write the steps for Moving Objects in publisher.
Answer:
Following are the steps to Move Object in Publisher:
1. Click on the Object.
2. Place the cursor on solid line so that you see cross hairs.
3. Click and Drag the Object to desired location.

Question 3.
Define Templates?
Answer:
Template is a set of Predefined design styles that can be used to create a publication of document. It can be customized as per our needs.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How to create a publication using blank layout in publisher?
Answer:
We can create new Publication by following methods:

By using blank layout.
By using installed templates.
By using online templates.

Creating a publication using Blank Layout:
Following are there steps to start with a blank publication-

Click the File menu, and then click New.
Under Available Templates, click a blank publication template, and then click Create.
You can create a publication with our own specifications in Publication. You can also add the objects to the blank layout like text,picture, word art, and auto shapes etc.
After creating publication, save the publication by clicking on save option in File menu.
The Save As dialog box appears, type a name for our publication, select the folder in which we want to save it, and then click save button.

Question 2.
How to add text using text box and write the steps for editing text in publisher?
Answer:
Adding Text in Publication. Following steps are used to add text in publication:

From the Home or Insert Tab, select Draw Text Box.
Place the cursor on the page where we want to draw a text box.
Click and drag the cursor across the page to the desired size. The size of the text box can be changed after we have drawn it.
When we let go of the left click on the mouse, we are brought to the format tab which gives us more options for the text box.
Type the text in text box.

Editing Text in MS Publisher:
1. Highlight the text we want to edit.
2. If we are not brought to the Text Box Tools Format Tab, then select it.
3. Text Group Options :

Text Fit. Defines how the text will fit in the text box : Best Fit, Shrink Text on Overflow, Grow Text Box to Fit, Do Not Auto-Fit.
Text Direction. Changes direction to horizontal or vertical.
Hyphenation. Changes hyphenation behavior of selected text.

4. Font Group Options. Style Font Size, Bold, Italics, Underline, Text Spacing, & Color.
5. Alignment Group Options. Text Box Alignment, Columns, Margins.
6. Effects Group Options. Shadow, Outline, Engrave, Emboss.

Question 3.
How to Print your Publication? Write their steps.
Answer:
There are two basic ways to print your publication :
First one is to click on the print icon on toolbar. This will print one copy of our publication with the default print options.

1. Click on the File menu and click Print.
2. When the print window appears, select the desired number of copies.
3.Choose any other print settings:

All Pages, Selection, Current Page, or Custom Range
Manually enter page numbers we want to print
How many pages print per sheet of paper
Paper Size .
1-sided or 2-sided printing.

4. Click Print.

PSEB 10th Class Computer Guide Microsoft Publishers-I Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
A pre defined design is called?
(a) Publication
(b) ClipArt
(c) Design
(d) Template
Answer:
(d) Template

Question 2.
Publications include:
(a) Advertising Material
(b) Promotional Material
(c) Both of these
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Both of these

Fill in the Blanks

1. Publisher is used to ………….. , …………… and ……………. publication.
Answer:
Design, Promotional, Advertising

2. …………. area is the blank area of the publisher window.
Answer:
Publication

3. ………….. is the small window on the left side of Publisher Window.
Answer:
Task Pane

4. Various invitation card types all displayed in ………………… .
Answer:
Preview Gallery

5. The advertising and promotional material is called ……………… .
Answer:
Publications.

Select True/False

1. Publisher is used to print document.
Answer:
True

2. The status bar is present at the bottom of the publisher window.
Answer:
True

3. The personal information is filled in personal information dialog box.
Answer:
True

4. The publications of publisher are saved with extension .ppt.
Answer:
False

5. Before existing publisher, it is not necessary to close all the publications.
Answer:
True.

Very Short Answer Type Question

Question 1
What is Publisher?
Answer:
Publisher is an application that is used to. design and produce advertisement and promotional materials.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the steps to open the Publisher.
Answer:
The following are the steps to open publisher:
1. Click on start button.
2. Select MS Publisher from the program.
3. Click OK.

Question 2.
Write the name of component of Publisher Window.
Answer:
On the start menu, point to all programs, point to microsoft office, and then click Micro soft office publisher. The Microsoft publisher window will appear.

Question 3.
What are the two ways of creating a Publication?
Answer:
The following are the two ways of creating a publication:
1. By Wizards
2. By Using blank layout.

Question 4.
Write the steps to Save Publication.
Answer:
The following are the steps to save of publication :
(i) On the File Menu, Click Save. The Save As dialog box appears. The default name of the publication is Publication 1.
(ii) Select the folder in which you want to save the application, type name in the File Name box and then click Save.
The publication is save in the selected folder with a pub extension.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the difference between word and publisher.
Answer:

Word	Publisher
1. Word is an example of Word Processing Software	1. Publisher is an example of DTP software
2. Word Document has extension .doc	2. Publisher document has extension of .pub
3. Word is mostly used of common typing purpose	3. Publisher is used for designing professional objects.

Question 2.
Explain the components of Publisher Window.
Answer:
Components of publisher window:
There are three most important components that we should remember as we work within Publisher 2010. These are:
PSEB 10th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Microsoft Publishers-I 1
1. Quick Access Toolbar:
The quick access toolbar is a customizable toolbar that contains commands that we may want to use. We can place the quick access toolbar above or below the ribbon. To change the location of the quick access toolbar, click on the arrow at the end of the toolbar and click Show below the Ribbon. We can also add items to the quick access toolbar, simply click on any item and if will be added to our toolbar.

2. Ribbon:
The ribbon is the panel at the top portion of the document it has six tabs: Home, Insert, Page Design, Mailings, Review, and View. Each tab is divided into groups

3. File Window:
When we click on the File menu, we are brought to the Info screen. It looks like that our document is gone, but it is not. As we click on the options in the File menu, the screen will change accordingly.

Save: Save the file as a 2010 file.
Save As: Allows you to choose a different file type (i.e. PDF, Word).
Open: Browse to a Publisher file.
Close: Closes the file but keeps Publisher running.
Info: Edit Business information, use Design Checker, and set Commercial Print Information.
Recent: List of our recently used Publisher files.
New: New Publication Screen.
Print: Print Options.
Save & Send: Options for saving e mailing the file.
Help: Microsoft Help.
Options: Set default options.
Exit: Closes Publisher (file and program).

Question 3.
How to create a publication using blank layout?
Answer:
Creating a publication using blank layout:
Following are the steps to start with a blank publication:
1. Click the File menu, and then click New.

2. Under Available Templates, click a blank publication template, and then click Create.

3. Now, we can create a publication with our own specifications in publication. We can also add the objects to the blank layout like text, picture, word art, and auto shapes etc.

4. After creating publication, save the publication by clicking on save option in File menu. The Save As dialog box appears, type a name for bur publication, select the folder in which you want to save it, and then click save button. The publication is saved with a .pub extension.

5. Close the publication by clicking close button in File menu. A dialog box appears, if we want to save the changes, then click yes button, otherwise click no. Before exiting Publisher, we should close all the publications, then Click Exit in File menu or click cross button on title bar.

Question 4.
How you can load MS Publishers?
Answer:
Microsoft Publisher:
Microsoft Publisher is differing from Microsoft Word in that the emphasis is placed on page layout and design rather than text composition and proofing. Microsoft Publisher is a business desktop publishing program that enables users to easily create professional-looking marketing materials.

The Microsoft Publisher offers more design options with over 2,000 professionally designed publication templates and hundreds of design elements for users to mix and match within their publications. A flexible wizard model allows users to work the way they want, and automated design expertise helps them achieve professional results without design expertise. Stronger office integration and a complete print-to-web publishing solution enable users to deliver professional looking results.

Question 5.
What are the steps to save Publication in MS Publisher?
Answer:
There are two basic ways to save our publication. First one is to Point and click on the save icon on our toolbar.

Follow these step:

Click on the File menu and Save As.
When the Save As Dialogue Box appears Click Browse and find the location on computer where we want the file saved.
Type the name of our publication in the File Name field.
Click on the Save button.

Question 6.
Write the steps to modify a page design.
Answer:
Page Design:
1. Click the tab Page Design if needed, to change templates, adjust page margins, apply ruler guides, or apply built-in color schemes to the chosen template.

2. We can use the Built-in Ruler Guide templates to help in aligning text boxes, pictures, or other objects. To apply a Built-in Ruler Guide template click on the command Guides in the group Layout, and then choose a template.

3. To add a vertical or horizontal ruler guide repeat the above step, then click on Add Vertical or Horizontal Ruler Guide.

4. To add additional guides, move the mouse pointer over the vertical or horizontal ruler, drag the guide in the desired direction when the pointer changes to a two headed arrow.

Question 7.
Write the steps of Creating a Publication with Templates.
Answer:
Creating a publication with Templates:
We can create a publication in Publisher by using template.
Available Publication Types : Publisher 2010 allows us:
1. To apply built-in templates.
2. To apply our own custom templates.
3. To search from a variety of templates available on Office.com. Office.com provides a wide selection of popular Publisher templates, including newsletters and flyers.

To find and apply a template in Publisher 2010, dp the following:
1. On the File tab, click New.
2. Under Available Templates, do one of the following:

To use a template that we already have installed, click My Templates, click the template that we want, and then click Create
To use one of the pre-built templates installed in Publisher, under Most Popular or More Templates, click the category that we want, click the template that we want, and then click Create.
To find and apply a template on Office.com, under Most Popular or More Templates, click the category that we want, click the template that we want, and then click Download.

PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Solutions Chapter 7 Decision Making

October 21, 2024October 20, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Book Solutions Chapter 7 Decision-Making Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Welcome Life Chapter 7 Decision Making

Welcome Life Guide for Class 9 PSEB Decision Making InText Questions and Answers

Textbook Page No. 39-40-41

Activity song that asks questions.

Those who answer are brilliant.

1. To wake up late or rise early
Which habit is good?
Answer::
To rise early.

2. Neat clothes / dirty clothes. What is suitable?
Answer:
Neat clothes.

3. One time / Always late.
Who will rise high?
Answer:
On-time.

4. Hardworker / Copycat Who is the wise child?
Answer:
Hard worker.

5. Decent child / Mischievous Who will score well?
Answer:
Decent child.

6. Happy child / Irritated Who will get more love?
Answer:
Happy child.

7. Responsible / Careless Which is bad?
Answer:
Careless.

8. Cheat / Genuine Who will live long?
Answer:
Genuine.

9. Truth / Lie Which is good?
Answer:
Truth.

10. Active / Lazy
Who will reach the destination?
Answer:
Active.

11. Wellwisher / Enemy Which is the bad way?
Answer:
Enemy.

12. To be together / To fight What should we do?
Answer:
To be together.

13. Sweet talk / To be abusive Which habit is bad?
Answer:
To be abusive.

14. To be obedient or quarrelsome
Which behavior is good?
Answer:
To be obedient.

15. Burger, Noodles, Fruits, Salad Which is good for health?
Answer:
Fruits, salad.

16. Cold drink / Lassi
Which is healthy?
Answer:
Lassi.

17. Watching movies / Exercise physical
Affect eyes badly?
Answer:
Watching movies.

Textbook Page No. 41

Practice

Question 1.
Which habits do you like?
Answer:

I like my habit that I do any work with utmost diligence and keeping on working for it till it is completed.
I do everything with full concentration so that the work should be done in the best possible way.
I am punctual. I knew the urgency of the situation and would finish the work before its too late.

Question 2.
Write about those habits of you which you don’t like.
Answer:

I get so obsessed with completing any task that I don’t even notice anything.
I want everyone to follow and obey me which is not possible.
I get angry at people very quickly which is wrong. I should talk peacefully with other people.

Question 3.
Do you use the Internet?
Answer:
Yes.

Question 4.
Do you play video games?
Answer:
No.

Question 5.
For how much time do you give spend on your mobile phone?
Answer:
15 minutes.

Question 6.
Give an example about the bad effects of drug addiction from our surroundings.
Answer:
Drugs cause many deaths which ruin their families.

PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Guide Decision Making Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. ………………… is of great importance in life.
(a) Decision
(b) Not taking a decision
(c) Lie
(d) Jealousy
Answer:
(a) Decision

2. One right decision can …………….
(a) Destroy the life
(b) Change the life
(c) Stops the life
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Change the life

3. While taking a decision we must :
(a) think of the short term consequences
(b) think of the long term consequences
(c) don’t think of the consequences
(d) none of these.
Answer:
(b) think of the long-term consequences.

4. Decisions in ………………… age are taken with the help of friends.
(a) adolescent
(b) young
(c) old
(d) early
Answer:
(a) adolescent

5. We must adopt ………….. habits.
(a) good
(b) bad
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) none of these.
Answer:
(a) good

6. There is a need to identify ………………
(a) good habits
(b) personality
(c) bad habits
(d) all of these
Answer:
(c) bad habits.

7. To reach our destination ……………….
(a) there is a need to move in the right direction.
(b) don’t care about direction.
(c) do the work without thinking
(d) all of these.
Answer:
(a) there is a need to move in the right direction.

8. …………….. is a must to complete any work.
(a) Dishonesty
(b) Dedication
(c) Ego
(d) No one.
Answer:
(b) Dedication.

Fill in the Blanks:

1. We must know us………………..
Answer:
destination

2. ……………….. is must to reach our destination.
Answer:
education

3. Misuse of …………………. can take us in the wrong direction.
Answer:
social media

4. ………………. is of great importance in life.
Answer:
Decision

5. Don’t take any decision under anyone……………….
Answer:
pressure

Tick the Right (✓) or Wrong (x) Statement:

1. Taking a decision is a must.
Answer:
x

2. Take decisions under someone’s pressure.
Answer:
x

3. Just think about long-term consequences before making a decision.
Answer:
✓

4. Dedication is a must to complete any
Answer:
✓

5. We must leave bad habits.
Answer:
✓

Match the Following:

(A)	(B)
Decision	Good habit
Completing work	Right time
Effect of friends	Dedication
Taking drugs	Adolescent age
Be honest	Bad habit

Answer:

(A)	(B)
Decision	Right time
Completing work	Dedication
Effect of friends	Adolescent age
Taking drugs	Bad habit
Be honest	Good habit

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
What is the importance of right decisions in life,?
Answer:
Right decisions can change the whole life.

Question 2.
What should be kept in mind while taking decisions?
Answer:
We should be kept in mind that what could be the long-term effect of that decision.

Question 3.
By whom the decisions are influenced in adolescent age?
Answer:
In adolescent age, decisions are influenced by friends.

Question 4.
What is necessary to reach any destination?
Answer:
Movement in the right direction is necessary to reach any destination.

Question 5.
What type of problem drug abuse is?
Answer:
Drug abuse is a social problem.

Question 6.
What is the disadvantage of misusing social media?
Answer:
Misuse of social media can lead us in a- wrong direction.

Question 7.
How can we come to know that our dedication is in the right direction?
Answer:
If we know about our destination, we realize that our dedication is in the right direction.

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
How do we need to make decisions? Write a note on it.
Answer:
We live in social life in which we have to make many decisions. So decisions are quite important in life and one right decision can bring a great change in life. But while taking decisions, we need to look into all of its aspects. We need to think about the long-term effects of any decision. Decisions taken in the adolescent age are not influenced by parents but by friends.

Question 2.
What is the importance of good and bad habits in life?
Answer:
Everyone is having a few good and bad habits. The main thing is which part is more strong. If good habits are more and bad habits are less then the person will definitely do progress in life. But if bad habits are more in number then life can be ruined. That’s why it is a must for us to shunt out bad habits and adopt good habits.

Question 3.
Why is it necessary to give the right direction to one’s dedication?
Answer:
There is no denying the fact that it is necessary to give the right direction to one’s dedication. Everyone is having an aim in his life and there is a need to move in the right direction to reach that aim. If we will move in the wrong direction, we will not be able to achieve our aim. There are many things that give us stability but a few things attract us as well. We must be attracted to right things. For example, drugs attract us but we must not get attracted.

Long Answer Type Question:

Question 1.
What did you learn from this chapter?
Answer:
We learned many things from this chapter such as :

We take a lot of decisions in life and therefore decisions are very important in our life.
Because we make so many decisions in life, even one decision can change our life.
When making any decision, we should think about all aspects of that decision. It is also important to think about the far-reaching consequences of that decision,
No decision should be made under pressure. If something is not right then it should not be done.
Everyone has some good and bad habits. We must give up bad habits and adopt good ones.
Everyone has a goal. It is important to direct your dedication to achieve the goal. We must not get attracted to bad things.

Source-Based Question:

Question 1.
Read the source and answer the questions that follow :
Seerat was the only child of his parents. He was too pampered. His school friends used to smoke. They used to offer cigarettes to Seerat. His parents had told him about right and wrong. Seerat used to refuse to smoke. One day, his friends started making fun of him. He got annoyed and smoked slowly he got addicted to it.

1. Should Seerat have refused to smoke strictly?
Answer:
Yes, Seerat should have refused to smoke.

2. If you would have been in Seerat’s place, what you would have done?
Answer:
I definitely would have refused to smoke and complained to teachers about this.

3. What strength do we have to say ‘no’?
Answer:
A great determination is needed to say ‘no’ to anything which is wrong.

4. What did Seerat’s friends do in school?
Answer:
Seerat’s friends frequently smoked cigarettes in school.

5. What did Seerat do in anger?
Answer:
Once Seerat’s friends made fun of him. Seerat became angry and smoked, Gradually he got addicted to it.

PSEB 12th Class Sociology Important Questions Chapter 11 Female Foeticide and Domestic Violence

October 21, 2024October 20, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 12th Class Sociology Important Questions Chapter 11 Female Foeticide and Domestic Violence Important Questions and Answers.

PSEB 12th Class Sociology Important Questions Chapter 11 Female Foeticide and Domestic Violence

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Why is female foeticide takes place?
(a) Wish to have a son
(b) To save dowry
(c) For the continuation of family
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

2. After how many weeks of pregnancy, sex determination test is conducted?
(a) 10 weeks
(b) 14 weeks
(c) 18 weeks
(d) 22 weeks
Answer:
(c) 18 weeks

3. What is sex ratio in India?
(a) 1000: 943
(b) 1000: 956
(c) 1000: 896
(d) 1000: 953
Answer:
(a) 1000: 943

4. In 2011, what was sex ratio in Punjab?
(a) 1000: 846
(b) 1000: 895
(c) 1000: 876
(d) 1000: 882
Answer:
(b) 1000: 895

5. ……………….. district of Punjab has the highest sex ratio.
(a) Ludhiana
(b) Patiala
(c) Amritsar
(d) Hoshiarpur
Answer:
(d) Hoshiarpur

6. Which district of Punjab has the lowest sex ratio?
(a) Patiala
(b) Bathinda
(c) Amritsar
(d) Ludhiana
Answer:
(b) Bathinda

7. When was the Pre-Natal Diagnostic Technique (Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act passed?
(a) 1994
(b) 1995
(c) 1996
(d) 1997
Answer:
(a) 1994

Fill in the Blanks:

1. In female foeticide, female foetus is terminated in the ……………… of mother.
Answer:
womb

2. Wish to have a ………………… is the major reason of female foeticide.
Answer:
boy

3. Female foeticide disturbs ………………..
Answer:
sex-ratio

4. Abortion is not allowed under the section ………………… to ………………… of Indian Penal Code.
Answer:
316, 320

5. In ………………., members of family are beaten.
Answer:
domestic violence

True/False:

1. Punjab in India, has the highest sex ratio.
Answer:
False

2. Bhatinda in Punjab has the lowest sex ratio.
Answer:
True

3. It is illegal to know the sex of foetus.
Answer:
True

4. Domestic violence is done against women.
Answer:
True

5. There is no mental violence against women.
Answer:
False

One Word/One Line Questions Answers:

Question 1.
What is meant by crime against women?
Answer:
It means physical or psychological atrocities against women.

Question 2.
Give few examples of crimes against women.
Answer:
Rape, sexual violence, abduction, beating, orostitution etc.

Question 3.
What is meant by female foeticide?
Answer:
After knowing the sex of foetus, terminating of female foetus is called female foeticide.

Question 4.
After how much time of pregnancy, test is conducted?
Answer:
After 18 weeks of pregnancy.

Question 5.
What is meant by sex ratio?
Answer:
Number of females behind 1000 males in a given area.

Question 6.
What was sex ratio in India in 2011 A.D?
Answer:
Sex ratio in India in 2011 was 1000: 943.

Question 7.
What sex ratio in Punjab in 2011 A.D?
Answer:
It was 1000: 895 in 2011 A.D.

Question 8.
Which districts of Punjab have highest and least sex ratio?
Answer:
Hoshiarpur (961) and Bhatinda (869) respectively.

Question 9.
Give one reason of female foeticide.
Answer:
Wish to have a male child and to arrange dowry.

Question 10.
Give one result of female foeticide.
Answer:
Bad impact on female’s health and disturbance in sex ratio.

Question 11.
What is meant by domestic violence?
Answer:
Beating up of wife and children is known as domestic violence.

Question 12.
Give types of domestic violence.
Answer:
Physical violence, sexual abuse, emotional violence, verbal abuse etc.

Question 13.
What is the normal reason of wife battering?
Answer:
Dissatisfaction from dowry and problem with wife.

Question 14.
What is the most common form of domestic violence?
Answer:
Wife battering and violence against women.

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Female Foeticide.
Answer:
People wish to have a boy and that’s why when their wives get pregnant, they conduct a sex determination test. In case of female foetus, abortion takes, place and female foetus is killed in the womb of mother. It is known as female foeticide.

Question 2.
Sex Ratio.
Answer:
Number of females behind 1000 males at a particular given time in a particular area is known as sex ratio. Just by looking at sex ratio, we can come to know about the status of women at that place. It was 1000: 943 in India in 2011 A.D.

Question 3.
Reasons of Female Foeticide.
Answer:

People wish to have a boy and that’s why they opt for female foeticide.
Dowry is given at the time of girl’s marriage. To save dowry, people opt for this work.
Boy is headed for the continuation of family. That’s why people opt. for female foeticide.

Question 4.
Consequences of Female Foeticide.
Answer:

Sex ratio of society gets disturbed and number of females declines.
Violence against women increases such as rape, prostitution, beating, abduction, etc.
It leads to lower status of women in India.

Question 5.
Domestic Violence.
Answer:
Domestic violence is a type of socially unaccepted behaviour which one member of family does against the other members such as beating giving threat, showing fear etc. It mainly happens with females and children.

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Gender.
Answer:
Generally the word Gender is used to express the physical and social differences between a male and a female. It means that which are physical differences between a male and a female which are given by nature and which are social differences between them which they get only while living in society. So the word Gender is used to express these differences.

Question 2.
Gender Discrimination.
Answer:
In simple wqrds the differences exist between male and female are given the name of Gender Discrimination. Two types of Humans Male and Female, live over in this world. Any one can be differentiated only by looking at its physical features that whether its male or female. Nature has also kept few differences among them. Male and female both have their different physical features. On the basis of these features, we can differentiate between them. So whatever difference exists between them, is given the name of gender discrimination.

Question 3.
Sex Ratio.
Answer:
In simple words, the number of females for every 1000 males is given the name of sex ratio. It means that, in any particular area, how many females are there behind every 1000 males. It is known as Sex Ratio. Sex ratio is related with demo-graphic traits of any country’s population and the knowledge of sex ratio is necessary to get knowledge about population. In 2001, Sex ratio in India was 1000: 933.

Question 4.
Cause of Declining Sex Ratio
Answer:

People want to have a boy child and they never hesitate to abort the female foetus. It leads to a decline in sex ratio.
Sex ratio declines with increase in female foeticide.
Sex ratio declines with the custom of killing new born girls i.e. female infanticide.
Emigration of males from one place to another also leads to decline in sex ratio.
In traditional societies birth of girl is considered as a curse because of which boys are preferred over girls. It also leads to decline in sex ratio:

Question 5.
Consequences of Declining Sex Ratio.
Answer:

Declining Sex ratio leads to increase in violence against women.
The custom of polyandry encouragement with declining sex ratio.
Declining sex ratio leads to lower social status of women.
Health of women deteriorates with it.
Trade of women also takes place with declining sex ratio.

Question 6.
Sex Ratio in India.
Answer:
The condition of sex ratio in our country is quite worried. According to census survey of 2001, there were only 933 females behind every 1000 males. In our country, only Kerala is a state and Puduchery is a union territory where females are more as compared to males. In rest of the states and union territories, females are less as compared to male. This situation is quite worried in Punjab, Haryana, Mizoram, Chandigarh etc. Sex ratio is continuely declining in our country.

Question 7.
Sex determination test.
Answer:
In our society, this problem is going on from least few decades. When a lady becomes pregnent, then her in laws family expects that the new born baby should be a baby boy. That’s why after sometime of her pregnency, they opt. for an ultrasound test so that the sex of child could be determined in the womb of the mother. This is known as sex determination test. If the child in the womb is boy then its fine but if the child is a girl then lady is forced to abort the child. This is the reason that sex ratio in our country is going down. Presently this is 1000: 940.

Question 8.
Domestic Violence.
Answer:
The concept of Domestic violence is a complex concept. It is very difficult to define it. When any dispute occurs in the two members of the family and one member is physically and mentally tortured by other member then it is known as Domestic violence. In this pushing, slapping, punching, knifing, shooting, throwing things etc. are included. It not only physically hurts the members but it tortures the person mentally as well.

Question 9.
Definition of Domestic Violence.
Answer:
According to Pagelow, “Domestic violence is an act of commission or omission by family members and any condition resulting from such acts which deprives other family members of equal rights and freedom and interferes with their proper development and choice of freedom.”

Question 10.
Cause of Domestic Violence.
Answer:

People use alcohol to get relief from the tension. When wife and children ask them not to do so then they start to beat them and increases domestic violence.
Many people are angry by nature and become angry even on small-small things and beat their children.
Many persons are drug addict. If they are unable to get money to buy drugs then they beat their family members to get money.
Many persons always remains in tension due to poverty and many times they beat up their wives and children due to this.

Question 11.
Wife Battering.
Answer:
This is one of the major disadvantage of male dominated society that wives are physically assaulted by their husbands. Meaning of wife battering is use of violence by husband for his wife. Actually husbands feel that wives are their slaves and whatever they will say, wives need to accept that. But actually, these days, women are getting education with which they come to know about their rights. Now they strongly oppose the wrong doing of their husbands and that’s why they are physically assaulted.

Long Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Explain the causes of declining sex ratio in India.
Answer:
There are number of factors which affect sex ratio in any society and these are given below:

1. Biological cause. If sex ratio in any country decreases then its first reason is always biological. It is quite possible that more numbers of males are born in any particular society which leads to decline in sex ratio. From few researches it has been seen that, in our country, the rate of death of girl child, up to the age of one month, is more as compared to male child. As a result, sex ratio has been declined in our country. During the decade of 1981-1990, only 100 girls were there for every 109.5 boys in our country. In this way biological factor could be considered as a cause of declining sex ratio.

2. Migration: Emmigration or migration could also be considered as a cause of declining or increasing sex ratio. It is quite possible that few male members of a state might went over-to other state in search of job. It can increase or decrease sex ratio of both the ’states. Generally it has been seen that when any one migrates from one place to another in search of employment then he never takes his wife and children with him. He stays there for many years to earn money and occasionally he visit his native state. This visit is generally for a short duration because longer duration can lead to loss of money or even employment. We can take example of Punjabi youths who went over to foreign countries or natives of U.P. Bihar, who generally come to Punjab to earn money. This leads to change in sex ratio in the state like Punjab.

3. Female Foeticide: In last few decades, the major cause of declining sex ratio has been the female foeticide. Meaning of female foeticide is killing of unbprn girls in the tomb of her mother. People generally like to have a male child because of which they conduct a sex determination test on the pregnant lady. If it is boy then it’s fine but if it a girl then they opt for abortion. In this way they kill the girl child even before her birth. Female foeticide leads to decrease in number of girls as compared to boys and sex ratio shows positive trend toward boys. Yet, these days, sex determination is legally banned and even abortion is also legally banned and strict punishment is there for both of these but still this test and abortions are going on.

4. Female Infanticide: In many groups of our country, it is a tradition to kill the girl child right after the birth. This custom was quite popular in many tribes of our country. According to this custom, people used to kill their girl child exactly after the birth. They are helped by the mid wives to do this work. The main reason of this is the belief that they need to upbring the girl, then they will have to give dowry at the time of marriage. So to save their money, they prefer to kill the newly born girl child. British government and even Indian Government tried to eliminate this custom, but still it is going on. As a result, sex ratio declines.

5. Traditional Society: Sex ratio declines more in traditional societies as compared to developed societies. If we compare developed countries like America, Japan, Germany etc. with traditional societies like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh etc. then we will find that sex ratio is less in traditional societies. It is so because people have a tendency in traditional society that they want to have a boy as compared to girl for the continuation of family and they could perform rituals after death. Due to different tendencies of traditional societies, sex ratio declines over there. In this way sex ratio declines in traditional societies.

6. Wish to have a male child: People generally want that they must have a boy so that he can help in continuation of family and he could perform rituals after their death. Except this, people want to have a boy because they know about the fact that they will have to shell out a lot of money at the time of her marriage. Even after marriage they are required to give a lot for rest of her life. That’s why they prefer to have a boy and they does lot of efforts to take a boy. They never hesitate to opt for abortion. In this way wish to have a boy leads to decline in sex ratio.

7. Leaving girl child after her birth: From last few years, a common tendency is developing among people that if the girl child is born then they leave their newly born girl child at railway station or bus stand. It is so because they think that they already have one girl at home and they don’t want another girl child. Instead they want to have a male child. When the girl child takes birth then they leave her to die. She dies in the absence of proper care which leads to decline in sex ratio.

8. Sons are considered pivotal for family welfare. There is a general tendency among people that sons are considered pivotal for family welfare as they not only take care of them in their old age but they will take cpre of the family as well. That’s why they do everything to have male child and they never hesitate to abort the girl child. It also leads to decline is sex ratio.

9. Dowry System: Dowry system is also one Sf the cause of decline in sex ratio. People know about the fact that at the time of marriage of their girls, they will have to shell out a lot of money to give dowry. Even they will have to take the loan to meet the demands of parents of bridegroom. But if they will have a boy then dowry will come to their house. That’s why they prefer to have a boy child instead of girl child which leads to decline in sex ratio.

10. Daughter means Double Loss: A number of people feel that daughter means a double loss to them. Double means when she will marry then she will not only leaves her family but she will be a source of marriage expense. People will have to spent a lot of money on daughter even before her marriage and after marriage she will go to another family which means a double loss for them.

Question 2.
What are the consequences of the declining sex ratio in India?
Answer:
Following are the consequences of declining sex ratio:
1. Violence with women. First consequence of declining sex ratio is that it lead to increase in violence with women. Girls are being killed before birth, new born girls are being either killed or they are left out to die. Women have to face violence because they have given birth to girls not to boys. Sexual violence can also increase like rape, abductions prostitution etc.

2. Polyandry. One of the wrong consequences of declining sex ratio is that it gives encouragement to polyandry. When sex ratio declines then number of females remains less then number of males in society and as a result, one female will have to marry with two or more then two males. That’s why polyandry or fraternal polyandry gets encouragement. All the brothers become husbands of that female. It will have wrong impact on her health. Morality comes down in society and status of females also comes down in society.

3. lower social status of women. A declining sex ratio leads to lower status of women as well. If any female is unable to give birth to a male child then she is forced to go for abortion. After this she is always taunted to unable to give birth to a male child. Social evils and social institutions are also responsible for this and they are also responsible for lower status of women,

4. Bad effect on Health. It any females is unable to give birth to a male child then she is being taunted and even is tortured. She is forced to conduct sex determination test and if the sex of foetus is female then she is forced to opt for abortion. It exerts a bad impact on her wealth and even on her mental health as well.

5. Purchasing of women. The declining sex ratio also leads to the purchase of women. If any one is unable to get married then he tries to purchase women to fulfil his sexual desires. In
ancient times, a custom of bride price was also there.

6. Shortage of females. The declining sex ratio also leads to shortage of females in society. In India sex ratio is 1000: 933. It means that only 933 females are there behind every 1000 males. In this way declining sex ratio leads to a shortage of females in society.

7. Increasing imbalance in society. The declining Sex ratio leads to imbalance in society. More number of males as compared to less number of females creates a lot of problems in society. It can even lead to quarrels Jor women in society. In this way, we can say that declining sex ratio leads to drastic consequences on society.

PSEB 9th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Internet Applications

October 21, 2024October 20, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Computer Book Solutions Chapter 6 Internet Applications Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Computer Science Chapter 6 Internet Applications

Computer Guide for Class 9 PSEB Internet Applications Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

1. ‘Gmail’ is a free email service provided by …………………
(a) Yahoo
(b) Google
(c) Rediffmail
(d) Hotmail
Answer:
(b) Google

2. Every machine on the Internet has a unique number assigned to it, called an ……………
(a) Address
(b) E-mail
(c) ID
(d) Unique IP Address
Answer:
(d) Unique IP Address

3. A …………… is a type of test used in computing to determine whether or not the user is human.
(a) CAPTCHA
(b) DERTSA
(c) HEPTCHA
(d) NEPHCA
Answer:
(a) CAPTCHA

4. ………………. is a type of malware designed to provide unauthorized, remote access to a user’s computer.
(a) Spyware
(b) Trojan
(c) Malware
(d) Horse
Answer:
(c) Malware

5. TV and radio on the Internet are examples of …………….. media.
(a) Streaming
(b) Limited
(c) Online
(d) Offline
Answer:
(a) Streaming

2. True/False

1. Spyware is an e-mail fraud method in which the wrongdoer sends out legitimate-looking emails in an attempt to gather personal and financial information from recipients.
Answer:
True

2. Google Drive does not allow us to store and share files online.
Answer:
False

3. The best way to deal with the threat of a computer virus is to use antivirus software.
Answer:
True

4. In BCC we type the addresses of people we want to send a copy of the mail to, without the other recipients knowing.
Answer:
True

5. Digital signatures are created and verified by means of biography.
Answer:
False

3. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a CAPTCHA code?
Answer:
Short for completely automated public hiring test to tell computers and humans apart, a technique used by a computer to tell if it is interacting with a human or another computer. Because computing is becoming pervasive, and computerized tasks and services are commonplace, the need for increased levels of security has led to the development of this way for computers to ensure that they are dealing with humans in situations where human interaction is essential to security. Activities such as online commerce transactions, search engine submissions, Web polls, Web registrations, free e-mail service registration, and other automated services are subject to software programs, or bots, that mimic the behavior of humans in order to skew the results of the automated task or perform malicious activities, such as gathering e-mail addresses for spamming or ordering hundreds of tickets to a concert.

Question 2.
What do you mean by Google Apps?
Answer:
Google Apps is a package of cloud-based services that can provide your company or school with a whole new way to work together online—not just using email and chat, but over video conferences, social media, real-time document collaborations, and more. .

Question 3.
What is Digital Signature?
Answer:
Digital signatures are the public-key primitives of message authentication. In the physical world, it is common to use handwritten signatures on handwritten or typed messages.

Question 4.
Write the process of sending an e-mail.
Answer:
Different steps to send and receive mail are :

Open your Gmail account by clicking on the Gmail link on the Google search page.
Click the button labeled ‘Compose’.
Go to the To: box. In the To: box type in the email address of the person you would like to send an email to. If there are multiple people you want to send it to, click on the Add Cc and Add Bcc buttons.
Type the email subject. The subject lets people know what the email is going to be about.
Type your message in the big box below the subject box.
Click the Send button below the message box.
Wait until the person you sent the email replies.

Question 5.
Write the basic steps of downloading.
Answer:
Follow these steps for downloading software, games, or any other files from the Internet if you use a PC running Windows XP, Vista, or Windows 7.

If you don’t already have one, create a Temporary Files folder by opening Windows Explorer, highlighting your hard drive (typically the c: drive), then selecting File/New/Folder. When the folder appears, name it Temp files.
Once you locate the software you want to download, click on the link to begin the download process.
First, you will be asked if you want to save the file. Click the Save button, then locate the Temp file folder on your hard drive and double-click to open it. Next, click the Save button.
You can watch the file as it downloads.

Question 6.
What is cloud printing?
Answer:
cloud printing. Printing from a computer or mobile device to a remote printer via the Internet (the cloud). For example, users can snap photos on a smartphone and send them to a printer at their home or office. Cloud printing apps are available for smartphones and tablets that work with almost any printer. Printing to the cloud. It refers to scanning a photo or document on an Internet-connected multifunction printer and sending it directly from the device to a photo or document sharing service on the Internet.

Question 7.
Name four anti-virus software.
Answer:
Four anti-viruses are:
a. AVG
b. McAfee
c. Norton
d. Kaspersky

4. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is IP Address? Explain.
Answer:
Unique IP Address
A Unique IP is an IP address that is specific to your domain. When you add hosting to a domain/subdomain, it’s assigned an IP on the Apache server which is shared with other sites. This shared IP address is most often the only IP you’ll need. However, certain applications may require you to add a Unique IP to your site. You can add a Unique IP to any Fully Hosted domain/subdomain hosted at DreamHost on the page.

Need of a Unique IP
Unique IPs are most commonly used with domains that have secure hosting enabled. While it is possible to use secure hosting without a Unique IP, some older browsers which do not support Server Name Indication display a certificate warning when viewing your site. While not a comprehensive list, this includes :

Windows XP versions of Internet Explorer.
The default browser in Android 2.4 is “Gingerbread” and earlier. (4.0 “Ice Cream Sandwich” and later will work correctly.)
Various older mobile browsers, including BlackBerry, Symbian OS, and older versions of Opera Mobile.

If you expect a significant number of the visitors to your secure site to be using these browsers, you will need a Unique IP.

Benefits of a Unique IP Address :
There are a lot of reasons why it is recommended to use a Dedicated IP address for a website, hosted on a Shared server, but we shall look through the main ones here:

It provides higher stability
It grants access to your website anytime you need
It is beneficial for the email sender’s reputation
It is good for a business identity
It is required for particular third-party applications/ scripts

Question 2.
Explain any three Google Apps.
Answer:
Google Docs
Google Docs is an online word processor that lets you create and format text documents and collaborate with other people in real-time. Here’s what you can do with Google Docs:

Upload a Word document and convert it to a Google document
Add flair and formatting to your documents by adjusting margins, spacing, fonts, and colors — all that fun stuff
Invite other people to collaborate on a document with you, giving them edit, comment, or view access
Collaborate online in real-time and chat with other collaborators — right from inside the document „
View your document’s revision history and roll back to any previous version
Download a Google document to your desktop as a Word, Open Office, RTF, PDF, HTML, or zip file
Translate a document to a different language ‘
Email your documents to other people as attachments

Google Sheets
Google Sheets is an online spreadsheet app that lets you create and format spreadsheets and simultaneously work with other people. Here’s what you can do with Google Sheets :

Import and convert Excel, .csv, .txt, and .ods formatted data to a Google spreadsheet
Export Excel, .csv, .txt and .ods formatted data, as well as PDF and HTML files
Use formula editing to perform calculations on your data, and use formatting to make it look the way you’d like
Chat in real-time with others who are editing your spreadsheet
Create charts with your data
Embed a spreadsheet — or individual sheets of your spreadsheet — on your blog or website

Google Slides
Google Slides is an online presentations app that allows you to show off your work in a visual way. Here’s what you can do with Google Slides:

Create and edit presentations
Edit a presentation with friends or coworkers, and share it with others effortlessly
Import .pptx and .pps files and convert them to Google presentations
Download your presentations as a .pdf, .ppt, .svg, .jpg, or .txt file
Insert images and videos into your presentation
Publish and embed your presentations on a website

Question 3.
Explain the process of creating an e-mail account in Gmail.
Answer:
Follow these step-by-step instructions to create a Gmail account

Step 1: Open up your internet browser and go to the Google home page.

Step 2: Click on Gmail at the top right comer of the page.

Step 3: You’ll now be in the ‘Sign in’ section. As you don’t have a Google account yet, you need to create one. Click Create an account.

Step 4: To set up your new account, Google needs some information about you – first, your first, and last names. The ‘choose your username’ is the unique email address that you wish to use, which will be placed before ‘@gmail.com’. Because it needs to be unique, Google may have to check the vail ability of any name that you decide on to make sure that no one already has it. Type an email name into the ‘choose your username’ box and then fill out the rest of your information. You will need to ensure that the ‘I agree to the Google terms of service and Privacy Policy’ is ticked. Then click next step.

Question 4.
What are the benefits of google drive?
Answer:
Google Drive is one of the most popular cloud storage services available today, offering 15 gigabytes (15GB) of free storage space. If you’ve never used a cloud-based storage service like Google Drive before, take a moment to consider the advantages of keeping your files online. Because files can be accessed from any computer with an Internet connection, Drive eliminates the need to email or save a file to a USB drive. And because Drive allows you to share files, working with others becomes much easier.

There are no. benefits for creating and sharing different files on Google Drive which are:

Documents: For composing letters, flyers, essays, and other text-based files (similar to Microsoft Word documents)
Spreadsheets: For storing and organizing information (similar to Microsoft Excel Workbooks) .
presentations: For creating slideshows (similar to Microsoft PowerPoint presentations)
Forms: For collecting and organizing data
Drawings: For creating simple vector graphics or diagrams.

PSEB 9th Class Computer Guide Internet Applications Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks

1. Gmail, yahoo mail, Hotmail, etc. are …………………….
(a) google
(b) Microsoft
(c) e-mail
(d) Skymail
Answer:
(c) e-mail

2. play store is a product of ……………….
(a) Microsoft
(b) Play store
(c) Play
(d) Google
Answer:
(d) Google

3. Files can be shared with ………………
(a) Hotmail
(b) Play store
(c) Google Drive
(d) Virus
Answer:
(c) Google Drive

4. …………………. cures ………………….
(a) Antivirus, virus
(b) Google, Yahoo
(c) E-mail, virus
(d) Antivirus, server.
Answer:
(a) Antivirus, virus

True or False

1. Gmail is a product of Microsoft.
Answer:
False

2. We can share files on the internet.
Answer:
True

3. Data is not destroyed on Google Drive.
Answer:
True

4. Cloud means Air clouds in computer terminology.
Answer:
False

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is E-mail?
Answer:
E-mail stands for electronic mail. Most networks support some form of an email. The most popular, of course, is Internet email. E-mail allows you to send a text (such as a letter) to another person on another computer. In order to send an email, you have to know the email address of the recipient.

Question 2.
How often is the imagery in Google Earth updated?
Answer:
Google Earth displays the best available imagery, most of which is one to three years old. The information in Google Earth is collected over time and is not in real-time. It is not possible to see live changes in images. We add data to our Primary Database on a regular basis.

Question 3.
Why do I see blurry imagery in Google Earth?
Answer:
Google Earth combines data of different resolutions to offer a seamless viewing experience, so some locations look a bit blurry. We offer high-resolution imagery (greater than 1-meter) for thousands of cities and more are on the way.

Question 4.
What is an IP address?
Answer:
An IP address is a network layer protocol address for a host in a TCP/IP network.

Question 5.
What is the use of an IP address?
Answer:
The IP address is used to uniquely identify each host in a network. The IP address is needed in order to communicate with other hosts in the network using the TCP/IP suite of protocols.

Question 6.
Which version of IP is covered by this document?
Answer:
This document covers IP version 4.

Question 7.
How does a host determine its IP address?
Answer:
A host determines its IP address during the boot-up process either from a configuration file stored in the local hard disk of the system or using a network protocol like RARP, DHCP, BOOTP from the servers in the network.

Question 8.
Is there any relation between the MAC address and the IP address of a host?
Answer:
No. There is no relation between the MAC address and the IP address of a host.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write a note on email.
Answer:
Short for electronic mail, e-mail or email is information stored on a computer that is exchanged between two users over telecommunications. More plainly, e-mail is a message that may contain text, files, images, or other attachments sent through a network to a specified individual or group of individuals. The first e-mail was sent by Ray Tomlinson in 1971. By 1996, more electronic mail was being sent than postal mail.

Question 2.
Write the various steps for writing an email.
Answer:
Writing an e-mail
When writing an e-mail message, it should look something like the example window below. As you can see, several fields are required when sending an e-mail:

The To field is where you type the e-mail address of the person who is the recipient of your message.
The From field should contain your e-mail address.
If you are replying to a message, the To and From fields are automatically filled out; if it’s a new message, you’ll need to enter them manually.
The CC or Carbon Copy field allows you to send a copy of the message to another e-mail address but is not mandatory.
The Subject Line, although not required, should consist of a few words describing the e-mail’s contents.
Finally, the Message Body is the location you type your main message. It often contains your signature at the bottom; similar to a hand-written letter.

PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 5 Progress of Sports in Punjab Since 1947

October 21, 2024October 20, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Chapter 5 Progress of Sports in Punjab Since 1947 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Physical Education Chapter 5 Progress of Sports in Punjab Since 1947

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Is there any bad effects of Partition of Punjab on the development of sports?
Answer:
Yes, there is great bad effect.

Question 2.
When Punjab Olympic Association gain came into existance?
Answer:
1948.

Question 3.
Name any two units which promote sports in Punjab.
Answer:
(i) Punjab Police
(ii) Boarder Security Force.

Question 4.
Whether Panchayati Khed Parishad organised Football competition for girls or not.
Answer:
No.

Question 5.
Tug of war is organised for boys or girls. (Right or Wrong)
Answer:
Right.

Question 6.
Is Leader Engineering Works promoting, sports in Jalandhar or not?
Answer:
No.

Question 7.
Who looks after the development of sports in Punjab school education?
Answer:
D.P.I. schools.

PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Book Chapter 5 Progress of Sports in Punjab Since 1947

Question 8.
Who looks after the sports in Punjab education colleges?
Answer:
D.P.I. colleges.

Question 9.
Is there any contribution of Punjab Sports Department in the field of sports?
Answer:
Yes, there is great contribution.

Question 10.
Name the different games which are organised by the Panchayati Raj Parishad for girls?
Answer:
Hockey, Kabbaddi, Kho-Kho and Tug of War.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the effects of Partition of India on the Sports development of Punjab.
Answer:
India got independence from the British on 15th August, 1947 and India was divided into two parts :
India and Pakistan. This division adversely affected the promotion of sports in Punjab. A large number of playgrounds and the main sports goods manufacturing city, Syalkot, remained in Pakistan. All sports Associations were dissolved. In this way Punjab became headless in the field of sports.

Question 2.
How did the Punjab Olympic Association come into existence?
Answer:
The partition of India adversely affected the promotion of sports in Punjab. When India got freedom the issue of sports in Punjab was discussed among the sports lovers of the state. A meeting of the representatives of sports was held at Shimla in 1948. The Punjab State Olympic Association came into existence. Mr. G.D. Sondhi was appointed the founder president of Punjab State Olympic Association.

Question 3.
Name the various organisations which promote sports in our state.
Answer:

The Punjab Police
The Border Security Force
Leader Engineering Works, Jalandhar.
Jagatjit Cotton and Textiles Mills, Phagwara.
Punjab State Electricity Board.
Pepsu Road Transport Corporation.

Question 4.
Mention the various sports competitions which are organized by the Panchayati Raj Khed Parishad.
Answer:
The Panchayati Raj Khed Parishad organises the following competitions in sportsn:
FOR BOYS:

Foot Ball
Kabaddi
Hockey
Volley Ball
Tug of War
Athletics
Weight Lifting and Power Liftingi
Wrestling
Gymnastics

FOR GIRLS:

Kabaddi
Kho-Kho
Hockey

Question 5.
The Punjab Sports Department has a special place in the promotion of Games and Sports. Do you agree with this statement? Or Discuss the contribution of Punjab Sports Department.
Answer:
Punjab Sports Department:
The Punjab Government created Punjab State Sports Dept, in 1961 for the development of sports. This department has opened a sports department in every district and it is run by District Sports Officer. Each district has been divided into Tehsils and Tehsils into sub-centres. In each of these sub-centres an arrangement of good coaches has been made.

For the facilities of sports persons, Sports Hostels at several places have been opened. For the students residing in these hostels, the Govt, of Punjab makes arrangement of sports equipment, fee and other facilities in sports. In order to encourage the sportsmen for good performance scholarships are given. Moreover the state government organises state-level competitions in different games every year.

These competitions are known as “Men Sports Festival” and ‘Women Sports Festival.” The Dept, gives certificates and scholarships to those players who get honours in international competitions. It organises Maharaja Ranjit Singh Hockey Tournament at Amritsar every year. It also does gradation for the reserved seats of students in professional colleges.

Question 6.
Write the contribution of Punjab State Sports Council.
Answer:
The Punjab State Sports Council:
The Punjab Government formed a council in 1971 For the promotion of sports and named it the Punjab State Sports Council. The main function of the council was to encourage the youth of the state to participate in games and sports. The main function of the council is to provide help in building playgrounds and stadiums, building Gymnasiums and swimming pools for the development of sports. For this purpose the Govt, of India and the Punjab Govt, give grants to various sports bodies.

The Punjab State Sports Council has established District Sports Council in every district. This council works undfer the Deputy Commissioner of the district. District Sports Officer acts as the secretary of the District Council of Sports. The chief minister of the state acts as the president of the State Sports Council and director of sports as the secretary of council. The State Sports Council always tries to promote sports in the state.

This council honours outstanding sports persons who have achieved an honour in international competition with Maharaja Ranjeet Singh Award. The Council also provides pension to those outstanding old players who had participated in international competition. This council arranges for the expenditure of all teams which participate in National level competitions. The council also provides funds to such Punjabi players who go abroad to participate in international competition.

Question 7.
Describe the contribution of Panchayati Raj Sports Council (Khed Parishad.)
Answer:
The Panchayati Raj Sports Council (Khed Parishad):
The Punjab Govt, founded the Punjab Panchayat Raj Khed Parishad in 1969. Its founder was G. Mukhtar Singh, a man of distinction and prominent player. Before this organisation came into existence, there was only the State Sports Dept, which was active in sports field. The rural players did not get the facilities which were available to urban players. Keeping in view this fact, the then Akali Govt, in the state decided to establish a new sports organisation for rural players which was named the Punjab Panchayati Khed Parishad.

It was decided that the Chief Minister of Punjab will be the Chairman of the organisation and Rural Development Minister, its Senior Vice-president. The person to be appointed its secretary will be well versed in sports. In order to run this organisation properly 22 coaches were appointed in the beginning. Its main office kept under the supervision of Zila Parishad. This organisation organises tournaments for boys I Foot .Ball, Hockey, Kabaddi, Volley Ball, Tug of War, Athletics, Weight lifting, Gymnastics and Kabaddi, Hockey and Kho-Kho etc. for girls. This organisation also gives scholarships to prominent rural players.

Question 8.
Write The contribution of the Punjab School Education Board.
Answer:
The Punjab School Education Board:
The Punjab School Education Board came into existence to decrease the work load of Examination of Punjab University, to conduct smooth examination and to declare the results as early as possible. The main function of this Board is to prepare a syllabi and get the concerned books published for the students.

The Punjab School Education Board has done remarkable work to introduce Physical Education as an elective subject and to conduct examinations in this very subject. Punjab School Education Board takes a special interest to promote the game of Hockey and organises various competitions in games and sports. This board also organises sports competitions at primary level and zonal level in schools to promote games and sports.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the development of sports in Punjab since 1947.
Answer:
India got Freedom in 1947. The English left India aftc. ruling for 200 year. On the eve of independence, Britishers divide India into two countries i.e. India and Pakistan. This division bad! affected the promotion of sports in Punjab. The beautiful playgrounc. were left in Pakistan. The Punjab Govt, and other people of Punja were left behind in the field of sports. Punjab remained withoi grounds or play- fields. The sports city which were very famous manufacturing sports goods i.e. Syalkot was also left in Pakistai The Sports Associations of various games were dissolved.

The position of Sports and games in Punjab turned from bad to worse. After the partition of Punjab, sports lovers again tried to promoi sports in Punjab and a meeting of the Association was held in Shim in 1948. In the same year Punjab State Olympic Association we again founded . Mr. G.D. Sondhi became its President and Mr. F.C Arora became its Secretary. This Association started its function in immediately. In 1948 and 1951 Hockey and Volley Ball Association came into existence. After these Associations, Basket Ball, Kabaddi. Boxing, Cycling Associations of Punjab were formed.

After the formation of these Associations, Districts and State Leve competitions were started to promote sports in Punjab. After 1948 Punjab Hockey and Volley Ball Association started t invite teams of Pakistan and other foreign countries. In order raise the standard of sports All India Level Tournaments wer. organised in various sports. Among these tournaments Maharaj, Ranjeet Singh Tournament Amritsar, Major Bhupinder Singi Tournament Ludhiana, Shaheed Karnail Singh Memoria tournament are prominent.

In 1957 Punjab Olympic Associatio organised a state level tournament for the first time. The Punja Government has also taken a keen interest to promote sports an games in Punjab. The Punjab Government has started to proviti financial aid to the Universities of the state for creatin infrastructure of sports i.e. Gyms, swimming pools etc. The Punjab Police, The Border Security Force, Leader Engineering Works Jalandhar, The Jagatjit Cotton and Textiles Mills, Phagwara have also contributed a lot for the promotion of sports in our state.

The above mentioned teams have participated in Durand Cup Delhi, Gold Cup Bombay, Nehru Hockey Tournament Delhi and many prestigious positions in these tournaments. The Punjab Government has established Govt. College of Physical Education, Patiala to promote the sports and games and for the training of teachers. The Punjab Government also declared Physical Education as one of the elective subjects in schools and colleges. Due to the keen interest of Punjab Govt, the state is progressing in the field of sports day by day. The Punjab state has produced very outstanding players, who have won laurels not only for Punjab but have brought honours for our country also at the international level.

Question 2.
Describe the contribution of the Punjab Education Department in the promotion of sports.
Answer:
The Punjab Education Department has contributed a lot in the promotion of sports which may be described as under:
1. The Punjab Government has established a separate department under D.P.I. (Schools) and D.P.I. (Colleges) for sports and games. This department is trying their best to develop sports in Punjab.

2. To promote sports, the Punjab Education Department started State School of Sports and State College of Sports at Jalandhar in 1961. In these institutions budding players get special training in sports along with their education. The players get admission in these institutions get free boarding and lodging facilities from Education Department.

3. Punjab Education Department has appointed, Punjab District Eudcation officers in every District of Punjab to look after the sports activities of that District. In every District, Competitions are organised at the zonal and the District level. Some of these Competitions are held in winter and other are held in summer by the Education Department.

4. For the promotion of sports, Punjab Education Department organizes different categories of competitions in sports and games. Now even primary, Mini and Junior Competitions are organised.

5. The Education Department has started inservices training centres at Patiala, Jalandhar and Ferozepur. In these Centres new changes in Physical Education and sports are being taught to the people concerned.

6. The Punjab Education Department has started Physical Education in schools and colleges as one of the elective subjects like others subjects.

7. Education Department organises summer Coaching Camps for budding players in various games.

8. Education department also provides financial assistance in schools and colleges for the training of sports persons. Financial assistance is also given to construct sports fields and to purchase sports Equipment.

9. The Punjab Education Department also organizes competitions in National Physical Fitness Programmes.

10. There are reserved seats for outstanding sportsperson in Engineering and Medical colleges. In this way the outstanding players can also qualify in Medical and Engineering colleges and can continue their sports activities in these Colleges. Thus the Punjab Education Department is playing a big role for the development of sports and games.

Question 3.
Write the contribution of the Punjab Olympic Association.
Answer:
The Punjab Olympic Association:
The Punjab Olympic Association was founded by Sh. G.D. Sondhi in 1920. Its first President was Lieut Col. H.N.O. Garret vice- principa1 cf Govt College Lahore. G.D. Sondhi became its honorary secretary. Sir Sikandar Khan became the President on the retirement of Col. Garret in 1937.

In 1947, this association ceased working. After the partition in 1947 the Punjab State Olympic Association was again founded with the efforts of Mr. G.D. Sondhi. Mr. G.D. Sondhi became its President, Dr. J.R. Khosla became its secretary. A meeting of the Association was held in Shimla in 1948. In this meeting MR. G.D. Sondhi and Mr. F.C. Arora were appointed the President and the Secretary respectively. All sports Associations of Punjab became its members.

The District Olympic Association also became the part and parcel of Punjab State Olympic Association. The main function of Punjab State Olympic Association is to look after the functioning of the various Associations of Punjab. It is the duty of Olympic Association to check the Audit Reports of all Association of accounts in time. This Association also gives suggestions to various Associations for the development and care of sports in the state and settle desputes if there are any among the Associations themseleves or with other organisation.

They also celebrate Olympic day every year and provide information regarding Olympic movement. The main responsibility of Olympic Association is to enforce the rules and regulations of Olympic in all competitions and prevent professional players to participate in Amateur competition. The Olympic Association conducts senior and junior sports competitions every year at district and the state levels.

Question 4.
Discuss the contribution of the Universities of Punjab State.
Answer:
The Universities of Punjab State:
At the time of partition of India, there was only one Punjab University in our state at Lahore. After 1947, the Punjab University was shifted to Chapdigarh. Now there are four universities in our state:

The Punjab University, Chandigarh
The Punjabi University, Patiala
The Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana,and
The Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar.

Only agricultural colleges are affiliated to Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana and Poly technical Colleges of our state , come under the Technical University Jalandhar, other colleges are affiliated to these universities. The department of Physical education has been created under the care of Director Physical Education in all universities. The Director organises the competitions among all affiliated colleges of the university.

After inter college competition he gets the university team selected and sends these teams of boys and girls for inter university tournaments after training them properly in a coaching camp. It also sends teams for participation in other competitions. Every university has an administrative department in sports, the functions of which are to look after the playfields of the university, the equipment and to organise the sports competitions.

In the subject of department of Physical Education, they teach Physical Education like other subjects except Agricultural University Ludhiana. They also hold examinations in Physical Education subject. In every department of all universities seats are reserved for out-standing sports persons which enables them to get higher education to become engineers, doctors and the scientists.

For the development of sports and games each university possesses huge playgrounds, Swimming pools, Stadium and Gymnasium. In Punjab University, Chandigarh and Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar special departments have been opened to train Physical Education Teachers. In brief we can say that these universities are playing a vital role to produce outstanding sports persons in our state.

PSEB 12th Class Sociology Solutions Chapter 11 Female Foeticide and Domestic Violence

October 21, 2024October 20, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 12th Class Sociology Book Solutions Chapter 11 Female Foeticide and Domestic Violence Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 12 Sociology Chapter 11 Female Foeticide and Domestic Violence

Sociology Guide for Class 12 PSEB Female Foeticide and Domestic Violence Textbook Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. According to 2011 census, the sex ratio in India is:
(a) 939
(b) 940
(c) 943
(d) 942
Answer:
(c) 943

2. Sex ratio can be defined as:
(а) Number of females per 100 males
(b) Number of males per 100 females
(c) Number of females per 1000 males
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(c) Number of females per 1000 males

3. In the state of Punjab, district with highest sex ratio is:
(a) Hoshiarpur
(b) Bathiitda
(c) Ludhiana
(d) Amritsar
Answer:
(a) Hoshiarpur

4. Female foeticide test includes:
(a) Ultra sound
(b) MRI.
(c) X-rays
(d) Weighing Machines
Answer:
(a) Ultra sound

5. The main cause of female foeticide is:
(a) Increased sex ratio
(b) Patriarchal mindset
(c) Preference for girls
(d) None
Answer:
(b) Patriarchal mindset

6. Which is a form of Domestic Violence?
(a) Legal
(b) Physical Abuse
(c) Society
(d) Economic
Answer:
(b) Physical Abuse

7. Which factor does not perpetuate Domestic Violence?
(a) Cultural
(b) Economic
(c) Social
(d) Pedagogy
Answer:
(ci) Pedagogy

8. The Act, according to which a daughter has an equal share in the property of her parents is
(a) Legal property Act
(b) Hindu Property Act
(c) Civil Act
(d) Divine Act
Answer:
(b) Hindu Property Act

Fill in the Blanks:

1. Sex determination test includes ……………
Answer:
ultrasound

2. ……………….. is one of the main reasons for female foeticide.
Answer:
Patriarchal system

3. The evil practice of ……………….. is responsible for female foeticide in Indian society.
Answer:
Dowry

4. ……………….. keeps declining in India while a bit is improved in ……………… state.
Answer:
Sex ratio, Punjab

5. …………………. should be implemented properly in order to combat female foeticide.
Answer:
Laws

6. ……………… abuse may be inflicted in many ways such as hitting, slapping, punching, pushing and other form of physical contact resulting in bodily sufferings to the victim,
Answer:
Physical

7. The couples living alone or with children, or an individual parent with children are called ………………. households.
Answer:
Nuclear

8. ………………. studies must be made compulsory as part of school, college and university syllabus.
Answer:
Gender and Human Rights

9. ……………… is defined as socially unacceptable and abusive behaviour by one or other or both the members in a close and intimate relationship like marriage or a family.
Answer:
Domestic Violence

True/False:

1. Ultrasound is the pre diagnostic test for determination of sex.
Answer:
True

2. Law does not help to generate awareness about female foeticide.
Answer:
False

3. Sex ratio has improved in Punjab according to qensus 2011.
Answer:
True

4. Awareness programmes can sensitise about the ill effects of female foeticide.
Answer:
True

5. Cultural and ritual norms have no effect on female foeticide.
Answer:
False

6. Newly married couple must be made aware that a small family need not only include male children.
Answer:
True

7. The greed for dowry, desire for a male child and alcoholism of the spouse are major factors of domestic violence against women in rural areas.
Answer:
True

8. Wife beating does not reflects domestic violence.
Answer:
False

9. History of domestic violence dates back to the pre-historic period.
Answer:
True

10. spousal domestic violence also affects the children of the family.
Answer:
True

Match The Columns:

Column A	Column B
Female Foeticide	The killing of the girl child
Sex Ratio	Marital Rape
Patriarchy	The killing of the female foetus in the womb
Female Infanticide	Females per 1000 males
Form of Domestic Violence	Male dominance

Answer:

Column A	Column B
Female Foeticide	The killing of the female foetus in the womb
Sex Ratio	Females per 1000 males
Patriarchy	Male dominance
Female Infanticide	The killing of the girl child
Form of Domestic Violence	Marital Rape

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
What is the sex ratio of India as per the census 2011?
Answer:
According to census survey 2011, the sex ratio in India is 1000: 943.

Question 2.
What is the sex ratio of Punjab as per the census 2011?
Answer:
According to census survey 2011, the sex ratio in Punjab is 1000: 895.

Question 3.
Which districts in Punjab have the highest and lowest sex ratio?
Answer:
Hoshiarpur (961) and Bathinda (869) respectively.

Question 4.
Describe full form of PNDT.
Answer:
Pre Natal Diagnostic Techniques.

Question 5.
What is meant by domestic violence?
Answer:
Domestic violence is that socially unacceptable and wrong behaviour which an individual does with his closest relatives such as wife or family.

Question 6.
List any two factors of domestic violence.
Answer:
Economic dependence of women over men and lower economic status of women are the two factors of domestic violence.

Question 7.
What do you mean by female foeticide?
Answer:
After sex determination test, killing of female foetus in mother’s womb is known as female foeticide.

Question 8.
List the causes of wife battering.
Answer:
Male dominated society, males are powerful than females, economic dependence of women over men, consuming drugs, illiteracy of women etc.

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Define female foeticide.
Answer:
When a woman gets pregnant, the sex determination of foetus is conducted. In case of female foetus, an abortion is done. It is known as female foeticide. Sex determination test is conducted after 18 weeks of pregnancy.

Question 2.
Define sex ratio.
Answer:
To know about the equality between men and women, it is must to look for the sex ratio. The number of females behind every 1000 males at a particular time and in a particular area is known as sex ratio. In 2011, it was 1000: 943 in India.

Question 3.
What are the two causes of female foeticide?
Answer:

Dowry: At the time of girl’s marriage, dowry is given to her in-laws. People do female foeticide so that dowry should not be given.
Wish of boy: People like to have a boy as they think that boy will take care of them in old age and will give fire at the time of funeral.

Question 4.
What is the status of female in India?
Answer:
The status of female in India is not good. Only 65% of females are educated. Most of the social evils are attached with females such as rape, abduction, dowry system, female foeticide etc. Just because of these evils, status of females is still low in the present modern age.

Question 5.
Why is male child preferred in India?
Answer:
People want to have a male child because they think that their son will take care of them in their old age. Along with this, he will give fire to their funeral pyre. Moreover he will continue the family.

Question 6.
Write down three causes of domestic violence.
Answer:

Males are physically stronger than females.
Females economically depend upon males.
The social status of females and children is not good.

Question 7.
What is the difference between domestic violence and violence?
Answer:
In domestic violence, we can include violence committed with wife, children, brothers etc. and such behaviour is not acceptable in society. Violence is done between two individuals or groups and most of the times, they are strange. Communal violence is its best example.

Question 8.
What is wife battering?
Answer:
The meaning of wife battering is doing violence with wife by husband. Generally husband considers that wife is under him and thinks that whatever he will say, she will have to accept it. If she refuses it, she is beaten up and this is known as wife battering.

Question 9.
What are the consequences of female foeticide?
Answer:

Female foeticide leads to decline in sex ratio.
Whole balance of society disturbs as it is considered that both male and.female are not equal in number.
It leads to lower social status of women.

Question 10.
List cultural factors of domestic violence.
Answer:
There can be many cultural factors of domestic violence such as gender based socialisation, division of gender based roles, right of son over property, giving importance to males in family, marriage and dowry system, use of violence to end conflict etc.

Long Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Write a short note on female foeticide.
Answer:
Since last few decades, the major cause of declining sex ratio is female foeticide. It means the killing of unborn girl in the womb of her mother. People wish to have a boy and that’s why after sometime of pregnancy, a sex determination test is conducted on the mother. If the foetus is boy, it’s fine but if it’s girl, abortion is conducted. In this way, girl is killed before her birth. This is known as female foeticide. It leads to reduction in number of girls and disturbance in sex ratio.

Question 2.
Discuss any two measures to combat female foeticide.
Or
Write down any two measures to combat female foeticide.
Or
Explain the contribution of government in combating the problem of female foeticide.
Answer:

The Indian government has passed many laws and in the section 312-316 of Indian Penal Code, forcing any female to abort her child is illegal.
To stop the increasing number of female foeticide, government passed an Act i.e. Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1994 in which conducting sex determination test was declared illegal. If any one will conduct this test, provisions of punishment were kept in the Act.

Question 3.
Discuss any two consequences of female foeticide.
Or
Discuss effects of female foeticide.
Answer:

Impact on female’s health. People prefer to abort the foetus until a male foetus comes. It’has a very bad impact on the health of mother and her new born baby.
Impact on Sex ratio. Female foeticide can have adverse impact on sex ratio. It leads to decline in number of girls which further creates many problems such as rape, dowry deaths, polygamy, prostitution etc.

Question 4.
Why is sex ratio declining in India? Explain.
Answer:

People wish to have a boy and that’s why they try to have a male child.
Due to female foeticide, sex ratio is declining.
Female infanticide is also responsible for decline in sex ratio.
Dowry is given at the time of girl’s marriage and that’s why people prefer to have a male child.
People think that with male child, family will continue and that’s why they prefer to kill their daughters even before their birth.

Question 5.
Name two social problems that give rise to female foeticide.
Answer:

Dowry: Dowry is given at the time of daughter’s marriage which is one of the important problems of our society. People prefer to opt for female foeticide not to give dowry. If there will be a male child, dowry will come to their home.
Violence against women: Almost in all the societies of the world, females face many types of violence such as rape, abduction, dowry deaths, prostitution, wife battering etc. These are the reasons that people prefer to have a male child.

Question 6.
Write causes of domestic violence.
Or
Two reasons for Domestic Violence.
Answer:

People consume alcohol to stay away from tension. When wives and children ask them not to use it, they beat them up and increase domestic violence.
There are many people who are angry by nature and they even beat up their children on petty things.
Few individuals are drug addicts. If they don’t have money to buy drugs, they beat up their family members to get money.
Few people always remain in sorrow due to their poverty and occasionally they beat up their family members to take out their frustration.

Question 7.
Write remedies for wife battering.
Answer:

The Indian government has made many laws but they are not implemented properly. They should be properly implemented to save wives from their husbands.
Police must solve such cases with great care. Policemen must be given special training to solve the cases of domestic violence.
Children and young people must be educated against domestic violence to prepare them for future times.

Question 8.
List the legal reforms to curb female foeticide.
Answer:

According to section 312-316 of the Indian Penal Code, doing abortion is illegal.
According to The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971, law was little bit relaxed and on medical, humanitarian or on any other ground, abortion was permitted.
The major base of female foeticide is sex determination of child. That’s why ‘Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1994 was passed and sex determination test was declared illegal. If any ultrasound centre will conduct this test, provisions were kept to close down this centre.

Question 9.
What are the effects of domestic violence?
Answer:

It can have bad impact on female’s health. She has to face all this physically and psychologically. It can have wrong impact on family atmosphere.
Wife battering can have wrong impact on children. Their daily work gets affected and can have wrong impact on their education. Children start to hate their father when they observe their mother is beaten by father.
That female always remains in mental tension who faces domestic, violence and is greatly affected from all aspects. This psychological tension affects other aspects of their life as well.

Question 10.
What is scenario of domestic violence agaisnt women in India?
Answer:
Domestic violence against women in India is quite common among all the other domestic violences. The common reason of this is the set ideology of people that females are physically and mentally weaker than males. Yet females are proving that they are no inferior than males in all the sectors but even then number of cases of domestic violence are much more against them. Its reasons are different in different countries. According to the Population Fund Report of United Nations, around two third of the Indian females are the victims of domestic violence. Around 70% married females are the victims of beating, rape or forced sex. Out of these, around 55% of the cases come from Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and other north Indian states.

Very Long Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Write a detailed note on sex ratio.
Answer:
In simple words the number of females behind 1000 males in one square kilometer is known as the sex ratio. It means chat how many females are there for every 1000 males in a particular area. This process is given the name of sex ratio. Relation of the word sex ratio is related with demographic features of population of any country. If we want to know anything about any country’s population then we must know about sex ratio. In 2011 India’s Sex ratio was 1000: 943. It means there were 943 females behind every 1000 males in any particular area.

If we want to know about the status of women in any society then we can come to know about it only by looking at the sex ratio of that society. From this, we can come to know that what type of status has been given to females by that society. If sex ratio is low then status of women is low but if sex ratio is high then the status of women is definitely high. In this way the meaning of sex ratio is number of females in any particular area as compared to males. If we will have information about number of males and females of any country then we can easily come to know about sex ratio of that country. Here child sex ratio is also quite important with sex ratio. Meaning of child sex ratio is that how many girls, with age group of 0-6 years, are there for 1000 boys in population of the country.

If we look at the sex ratio in whole world especially of few major countries then in the year of 2000 there “were 986 females behind 1000 males. This sex ratio is 1000: 1029 in U.S.A. 1000 ; 944 in China, 1000: 1025 in Brazil, 1000: 1041 in Japan, 1000: 933 in India, 1000: 938 in Pakistan, 1000: 953 in Bangladesh and 1000: 1004 in Indonesia. From this data, it is clear that number of females are more as compared to males in developed countries but this number is quite less in developing countries. It is so because gender discrimination is more in backward countries but it is almost negligible in the developed countries.

Condition Of Sex Ratio In India:

The condition of sex ratio in India is not good. According to Census Survey of 2011, there were only 940 females in India as compared to 1000 males. This worrying condition could be understood only by looking at the given .table:

Year	Males	Females
1901	1000	972
1911	1000	964
1921	1000	959
1931	1000	950
1941	1000	945
1951	1000	946
1961	1000	941
1971	1000	930
1981	1000	934
1991	1000	927
2001	1000	933
2011	1000	943

Here we can see another table related with sex ratio which is state-wise data of sex ratio in India.

Year	State/U.T.	Males	Females
2011	UttarPradeah	1000	908
2011	Maharathtra	1000	925
2011	Bthar	1000	916
2011	West Bengal	1000	947
2011	Andra Pradesh	1000	992
2011	Tamil Nadu	1000	995
2011	Madhya Pradesh	1000	930
2011	Raashtan	1000	926
2011	Karnataka	1000	968
2011	Gujarat	1000	918
2011	Oriasa	1000	978
2011	Kerala	1000	1084
2011	Jharkhand	1000	947
2011	Assam	1000	954
2011	Pnjab	1000	893
2011	Haryana	1000	877
2011	Chhatisgarh	1000	991
2011	Delhi	1000	866
2011	Jainmu and Kashmir	1000	883
2011	Uttrakhand	1000	963
2011	Himachal Pradesh	1000	974
2011	Thpura	1000	961
2011	Meghalaya	1000	986
2011	Mampur	1000	987
2011	Nagaland	1000	931
2011	Gos	1000	968
2011	Arunachal Pradesh	1000	920
2011	Puducherry	1000	1038
2011	Chandigarh	1000	18
2011	Mizoram	1000	975
2011	Sikkim	1000	889
2011	Andaman and Nicobar Islands	1000	878
2011	Dadra and Nagar Haveli	1000	775
2011	Daman and Diu	1000	618
2011	Lakahadweep	1000	946

From these two tables, it is clear that during 1901-2001, sex ratio in India has declined to a great extent. During 1941-1951, 1981-1991 and 1991-2011, the number of females were increased but during rest of the decades, the number of females were decreased. If we compare the decades of 1901 and 2001 than number of females or sex ratio has been decreased upto 40 females per 1000 males. Only Kerala is a state and Puduchery is the alone union territory where this ratio is favourable for females. In Kerala 1084 females are there for 1000 males and in Puduchery this ratio is 1000:1038. But this is 877 in Haryana, 893 in Punjab and 818 in Chandigarh. So from this it is clear that this declining sex ratio is really a cause of worry for us.

Question 2.
What do your understand by females foeticide? Describe its causes and consequences.
Or
What do you mean by female foeticide? Explain its causes.
Or
What is female foeticide? Explain its impacts.
Answer:
The word female foeticide is made up of two words female and foeticide. The meaning of female is girl and foeticide is killing foetus. So, if we look at the literal meaning of female foeticide it is killing of females foetus in mother’s womb. Actually this concept of female foeticide came forward in last few decades when sex ratio of our country started declining.

Meaning of Female Foeticide. Due to many reasons, people wish to have a boy. They use many methods to get .a boy in place of a girl. When a female gets pregnant, during first three months, foetus is not yet fully developed. It is still known as foetus. These days, many new modern techniques have come forward which tell us that the foetus is of boy or girl. Such test is known as sex determination test. If the foetus is of boy, it’s fine but if it is of girl, it is aborted or terminated. It is known as female foeticide. Just because of female foeticide, the sex ratio in India started declining. In 2011, it was 943 girls behind 1000 boys.

Causes of Female Foeticide. When the foetus of a girl is terminated in the mother’s womb, it is called female foeticide. This is one of the social problems which came forward in last few decades. It can have many reasons which are given-below:

1. Traditional Society. The problem of female foeticide prevails more in traditional society. If we compare developed societies such as U.S.A., U.K. etc. with the traditional societies such as India, China, Pakistan etc., we observe that sex ratio is quite less in traditional societies. It is so because people have a tendency in such societies that they need a boy for the continuation of family and to give fire to their funeral pyre. Due to such tendencies, number of boys increase in traditional societies as people prefer to have a boy.

2. Wish to have a male child. Generally people wish to have a boy for the continuation of family and to give fire to their funeral pyre after death. Moreover people know if there will be a girl, they will have to give lot of dowry at the time of her marriage. Along with this, they’ll have to give a lot even after girl’s marriage. That’s why people don’t want girl and they even try for this. They do not hesitate from killing female foetus. In this way wish to have a boy also increases female foeticide.

3. Technological Advances. During ancient times, people did’t have access to technological advances as they were not available. So, it was not possible to conduct sex determination test. They had to wait till child’ birth. If it was girl, she was killed at the time of her birth. But with time, many techniques came forward which made it possible to know about the sex of child. Just after 18 weeks of pregnancy, ultrasound machines tell us that the foetus is boy or girl. Thousands of clinics and nursing homes came forward which terminate female foetus. They even kill unborn girl in the womb of mother. New tools have made this work quite easy. In this way technological advancements are responsible for female foeticide.

4. Patriarchal Society. Our society is basically a patriarchal society and males dominate our houses. They take care of the house and take all the important decisions. In such societies, the status of females is quite low and everything is done according to the wish of males. Females cannot do anything with their wish. Males in such society wish to have boys at home and they do not hestitate from committing female foeticide. Females have to accept this as it is the decision of males. In this way, they are forced to accept this wrong act.

Consequences of Females Foeticide: The problem of female foeticide can have some dangerous consequences on society which are given below:

1. Declining Sex Ratio. If we look at the record of the past 100 years we can see that during last 100 years of 1901-2001, the sex ratio has declined quite considerably. Yet, the number of females increased during the decades of 1971-1981 and 1991-2001 but in rest of the decades, it decreased quite considerbely. In India, only Kerala is the state with positive sex ratio. This no. is 1000: 1084 in Kerala. It is 1000: 1038 in Puduchery. But in Haryana it is 1000: 877, in Chandigarh 1000: 818 and in Punjab it is 1000: 893. In this way we can say that the declining sex ratio is a major cause of concern in society.

2. Violence Against Women. Female foeticide leads to decline in sex ratio which
further leads to increase in violence against women. Girls are killed either before birth or new born girls are killed. Even people abandon their daughters in trains. Females have to face violence as they have given birth to girl, not boy. Many have to face sex based violence such as rape, abduction, prostitution etc. ‘

3. Low Status of Women. Declining sex ratio leads to decline in social status of women. If any female is unable to give birth to boy and is bearing only female child, she is forced to opt for abortion. Social evils and social institutions are also responsible for this and it can have an adverse impact on social status of females.

Question 3.
Explain the role of government in combating the problem of female foeticide.
Answer:
See Question No. 8 of Long answer type questions (IV).

Question 4.
Write a detail note on female foeticide.
Answer:
The word female foeticide is made up of two words female and foeticide. The meaning of female is girl and foeticide is killing foetus. So, if we look at the literal meaning of female foeticide it is killing of females foetus in mother’s womb. Actually this concept of female foeticide came forward in last few decades when sex ratio of our country started declining.

Consequences of Females Foeticide: The problem of female foeticide can have some dangerous consequences on society which are given below:

Question 5.
What do you understand by female foeticide? Explain various measures to combat this problem.
Answer:
The word female foeticide is made up of two words female and foeticide. The meaning of female is girl and foeticide is killing foetus. So, if we look at the literal meaning of female foeticide it is killing of females foetus in mother’s womb. Actually this concept of female foeticide came forward in last few decades when sex ratio of our country started declining.

Consequences of Females Foeticide: The problem of female foeticide can have some dangerous consequences on society which are given below:

Measures to combat problem: See Question No. 8 of long answer type questions (IV).

Question 6.
Write a detailed note on domestic violence.
Or
What is domestic violence?
Answer:
Sociologists were attracted towards the problem of family violence during last few decades of 20th century. The concept of family violence is not new in Indian society. It is a centuries old concept and sociologists have given their attention towards it in recent times. It is not correct that the family violence was not there in ancient societies. Family violence is a universal thing and has remained in almost all the societies. Violence and even deaths are also related with this. But we have very less knowledge about this concept because very less statistics are available with us about family violence and very few researches have been done till date regarding this.

It is very difficult to bring conclusions in these types of researches because generally people never like to talk about family violence. In this way very less data of family violence is available with us. Another reason of less availability of data of this concept is that many research works have been done related to family in India, but all of these were related with either structure and functions of joint family or structure and function of nuclear family. No one has paid its attention towards the concept of family violence.

One another reason is that people think that if they will talk with any stranger regarding this then his or her family will break up or conflict in the family will increase. That’s why people never like to share their experience of family violence > with any one. Another reason of less number of researches being done on family violence is that there is very less importance of that part of family on which violence is being committed and that part of family is females and children. It is true that our urban society is progressing very quickly but rural society is standing there where it was 50 years back. Females and children are given very less importance in our society. Even society hardly accepts it as a problem. Society declines to accept it a problem and says, that it is not a problem. Domestic violence is accepted as a feature of personal mental illness.

Even many historians hardly accept it as a social problem and say that the family violence is a personal matter of the family. That’s why it should be kept only for the family or for the home. It is true that government has made many laws after independence to stop domestic violence so that the mutual understanding, love, cooperation, sympathy etc. could be increased in the society. Even there is provision of strict punishment in different laws who commit violence against females and children. But this topic is very important for sociology because till date sociology has studied only family or good and positive aspect of family life but it has never studied the negative aspect of family violence.

If any social system is formed then it is the result of integrative and disintegrative processes. In this way family life is also a mixture of negative and positive aspects. Experience of family life of ttvo persons could also be different and they are generally different. If any person has no problem in family life then his family life is full of happiness. But if any person has many problems in family life then his family life will be full of sorrows. Members of family in family life are very much close to each other and this closeness is due to mutual dependence. Opposition and differences also occur in the views of members due to this dependence.

These differences create mutual conflict also. One writer was of the view that the families where there is a lot of conflict in the family, they use more reasons to remove that conflict and more violence is there in those families. We cannot find same type of situation in the family. Family life is always full of happiness and sorrowness. General consensus and conflict always occur in the family. Many a time violence occurs due to this conflict and many a time this violence results in the form of death. Very less data is available in our country related to domestic violence. Generally researchers pay attention towards the physical violence which is committed in the family. They hardly care about the psychological violence. Psychological violence is very dangerous because its effect lasts for the whole life. But even then the family life has not been explained in a proper way. That’s why our knowledge related to this is very limited.

Definition of Domestic Violence:

Domestic violence is a complex concept. It is very difficult to define it because violence is a very wide concept in which abusing, slapping and the concept of murder are included. Except this the meaning of force and violence are generally taken in the same sense. Violence is generally a physical activity but force is the activity full of hatred in which we hurt other person. This hurt could be physical and psychological as well. From the researches being done on family violence we come to know that we cannot differentiate the legal and illegal activity because the victims of violence make the act of violence legal by accepting those violent acts.

According to Gelles, “Day to day patterned and recurrent use of physical violence like pushing, slapping, punching, knifing, shooting and throwing objects by one member of the family at another.” According to Pagelow, “An act of omission or commission by family members and any condition comes out of such activity which deprives other members of family of equal rights and liberties and interferes with their’optimal development and freedom of choice.”

In this way family violence is not limited only to physical violence but is extended from psychological violence and up to snatching freedom of-members of family. It happens again and again in family relation. The area of family violence starts abusing and goes up to the use of force. Conflict of husband-wife, brother-sister, uncles, grandfather, grandson is included in this. In this way family violence is that act which is being committed by one member of the family towards other member of the family with an idea to strike other one. Yet the violence is very common in our society and violence is not a particular thing itself but when the violence is being used against the members of the family then its study and explanation become necessary.

There can be many types of family violence like misbehave of husband and wife towards each other, marital rape, rape of sister by brother or of daughter by father, violence between brother and sister, violence in father and the son, violence in mother-in-law and daughter-in-law etc. Generally it has been believed that the violence in any other condition is known as very serious but if this violence will be on the base of family then it is accepted as the family problem or just a small crime.

Question 7.
What are the causes of domestic violence?
Or
What are the causes of domestic violence? Discuss.
Answer:
There is not just one or two causes of domestic violence but it has many reasons whose description is given ahead:

1. Social change: Change is law of nature and family and society are also affected by this. Changes are often coming in family, house and society due to geographical and cultural effects. A new change has come in the old relations due to many factors like urbanization, industrialization, new and formal educational system, means of transport and communication etc. People get many chances to get work because of which members of the family were forced to leave the ancient web of relationships. New generation gave importance to nuclear families instead of joint families so that they could move from one place to another. Due to living alone they went out of control of any elder. Problems of office, problems of running the house when become intolerable for the person then he takes out his anger on wife and children in the family because of which domestic violence increases.

2. Alcoholism: Generally it has been seen that humans are using alcohol to get relief from the tensions or for the sake of fun. When a person reaches the home after consuming alcohol then his wife, children, parents etc. advise him not to use alcohol and even tell him about the consequences of using alcohol. Many a time person listens to it and then he comes in anger and starts to beat up his family members. He abuses them and severely beats them up. He thinks that his family members are increasing his problems. In this way he is hardly aware of the fact what he is doing under the influence of liquor. His body remains under the influence of liquor and he hardly cares that wh#t is he doing. In this way alcoholism also increases domestic violence.

3. Misbehaviour of childhood: Many scholars say that many people are very much misbehaved in their childhood by their parents. Their childhood has been spent with full of misbehaviour, violence of parents and without love. Behaviour of many persons becomes rude because of this and when they become adult they misbehave with their parents, wife, and children. Many persons keep these things in their mind and when they become young they also misbehave (physical and psychological) with their parents and children. In this way the childhood of the person is some times responsible for domestic violence.

4. Drug abuse: These days many medicines are available in the market with which person can come in the influence of drug like capsules, injections etc. Yet doctor gives the person to cure its problems but many a time humans start to use them as a drug. When the person consumes them then he hardly cares about the fact that what he is doing. He misbehaves with the members of the family and even he beats them up. He abuses them, beats them up so that he is able to get money from them. In this way domestic violence increases due to drug abuse.

5. Problem of personality: Many a time personality problems can also become a reason of family violence. Some persons are angry by nature and come in anger with small, small things. For example in many families uncles beat up their nephew even due to small things. Some people are very possessive by nature. They beat their wife, children, sister even after little bit of doubt on their behaviour and character. For example if their son, daughter, child is talking on phone then they ask them with whom and why are you talking? If they are unable to get satisfactory answer then they beat them up. In this way problem of personality also becomes a cause of family violence.

6. Less income: Today is the age of inflation but the income of every person is | very much limited. Income of the family is generally less but expenditure is more. That’s why they are unable to run their family in a proper way and they always remain in the economic problems. Person always remains in the tension. Family 1 members demand many things from him but he is unable to fulfil those demands and that’s why he beats them up in tension and anger and violence happens automatically. In this way less income can also become the cause of domestic violence.

7. Unemployment: Many a time unemployment can also become a reason of family violence. Many a time business of any person remains no more, he looses his job etc. In this condition he becomes either unemployed or half employed. He becomes annoyed with this and remains in tension. He brings out his anger on the family members because of which domestic violence increases.

8. Capacity to commit violence: Many a time family members commit violence at that time when the value of being violent is less than that of its result. In other words people beat other members of their family because they can do so. Males are generally powerful than females and children. That’s why they use violent methods against them. Inequality in family and society exists due to sex and age. That’s why the strong person and aged person uses violence and domestic violence increases with this.

9. Clash of interests: God has made every person of a different nature and the interests of every perspn are also different according to that. Any one wants to get more education and any one wants to earn more money. In this way interests of every member of family are also different. Interests of father, son, nephew, uncle, brother, sister, grandfather, grandson etc. are also different. That’s why there is a clash of interests. Every member of the family wants that he should get more and more family’s property. That’s why conflict starts in members of the family. Even brothers hardly talk with each other while living in the family, conflict occurs in father and son. Even they try to kill each other because of property. We can read this type of news in daily newspaper like son killed his father, brother killed his brother, nephew killed his uncle. In this way clash of interests also becomes a reason of domestic violence.

10. Male dominated society: Our society is male dominated society because of which females are given very low status in family and society. In this way the cause of violence against women comes out due to the lower status of women as compared to males. All the powers in male dominated society are in the hands of males. The process of socialization also keeps females under the authority of males. This inequality in both the sexes is going on from the ages. More inequality will lead to the violence against lower class. Except this if lower class (females) will try to oppose it then its answer will also be given in the form of violence.

11. Dependency: Generally males earn money in the family and all the other members depend upon them to live. That’s why males feel that the life of other members of the family is in their command. That’s why they can change their lives. If members of the family spend their lives according to his views then it’s fine otherwise they can be forced to live in his way with the help of violence. In this way dependency also increases domestic violence.

Question 8.
Write a note about control of domestic vialence.
Or
Explain various measures to combat domestic violence.
Answer:
Domestic violence is not a new concept. It was also there in ancient societies. At that time family was giving psychological, physical and social security to its members. But many new changes are coming in joint family. This change has come in the roles of elders of the family. Tension is coming in the relations of husband and wife. Elders are disrespected and many cases of misbehaviour with them can be read in newspapers. Younger members are getting more rights. Elders are not considered as useful but are considered as useless and that’s why the cases of misbehaviour are increasing with them. Relations of parents and children are weakening. Relations of husband and wife are weakening and this we can come to knew from the increasing number of divorces. Ancient family structure remains no more. In future the concept of joint family will also come to an end.

In this way to reduce family violence and to save the lives of victims of violence it is necessary that it should be stopped and it should be cured but we can not change our culture while curing it. Its cure is to stop it. The main aim of stopping methods is to stop family violence. First of all, we have to change our values, behaviour, nature etc. with which our way of looking the females will also be changed.

Sexual inequality,’ economic inequality, and dependency also increase family violence. If the difference between job-oriented females and males will come to an end then family violence will also come to an end. Except this, we should not beat our children but make them understand with love. Violence will give birth to counter-violence. Whichever system will be established with violence it will also come to an end with violence. If we will beat our children to make them understand then it will not affect their bodies but will affect their minds as well. He will never forget this beating for his whole life and will show the same face to his parents which was shown to him by his parents. If we will educate them with love then it would be a very important step to reduce domestic violence because love gives birth to love.