Class 9

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class English Book Solutions English Paragraph Writing Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 9th Class English Paragraph Writing

1. My Father

My father is an able person. He is a farmer. He is not well-educated. But he knows his work well. He is very hard-working. He is truthful and honest. So people respect him. They greet him respectfully. My father has an open mind. He tries to settle the quarrels among the people of the village. He is the wisest man of the village. He leads a simple and clean life. He does not lose temper with anybody. He is respected by one and all. I am proud of my father.

2. My Mother

Shrimati Asha is my mother. She is 40 years old. She is a kind and noble lady. She is active and smart. She is an M.A. She is a very simple lady. She has good habits. She gets up early in the morning. Then she cleans the house. She takes a bath and prays to God. She goes to temple daily. She prepares food for us. She looks after us all. She helps me in my studies. At night, she tells us stories. She loves me very much. I am proud of my mother. May she live long !

3. My Younger Brother

Surinder is my younger brother. He is twelve years old. He is strong and healthy. He is tall for his age. He is very intelligent. He is honest. He never tells a lie. He is hard-working and obedient. He reads in the 6th class. He is the monitor of his class. He stands first in his class. He does his homework daily. He does not mix with bad boys. All the teachers love him. He is very fond of cricket. He is a member of the school cricket team. He is a good singer also. He is fond of reading storybooks. We are proud of him.

4. The Person I Dislike Most

Mr. Chaudhry, our next-door neighbour, is the person I dislike most. He has made our life miserable. Whenever he sees that we are studying, he switches on his TV at full volume. He has a big dog. He keeps it unchained. Many a time the dog bites people going through the street. Mr. Chaudhry’s wife is a very quarrelsome lady. She quarrels over trifles. She has six children. They make mischiefs all the day. Their mother never scolds them. These children are very rude. They know no manners. They write dirty words on the walls. But nobody dares complain against them to their parents. It is really a curse to have such a neighbour.

5. My School

I read in Arya High School, Ludhiana. It is a very big school. It has one huge gate. It has two storeys. There are fifty rooms. The rooms are airy. Each room has two electric fans. The hall of our school is very big. The school has two big playgrounds. It has a beautiful garden also. There are ten classes in our school.

Each class has four sections. Each section has about sixty students. Our Headmaster is very able. He is very kind to the students. He is very hardworking. The teachers of our school are also able and hard-working. They love the students and the students respect them. Our school shows very good results every year. I love my school. I am proud of it. May it propser day and night!

6. Our Headmaster

Sh. Sohan Lal is the headmaster of our school. He is forty years old. He is tall and strong. He is active and smart. He is an M.A., B.Ed. Our headmaster is true to his duty. He is very punctual. He comes to school in time. He sits in his office. He works very hard. He plans his work well. He is very intelligent. He watches the working of the school. All the teachers and students respect him. He is a good teacher. He is a good speaker. He is a good writer also. He has written many books. He is a good player. He plays games in the evening. He is all in all in our school. We are proud of him. May he live long !

7. The Prize Distribution Function

The prize distribution function of our school was held on the seventh of March this year. The Education Minister presided over the function. The Minister took his seat and the function began. The Headmaster spoke a few words to welcome the guests and the Minister. Then the Headmaster requested the Minister to give away the prizes. The Minister shook hands with the prize-winners. All the prize-winners were loudly cheered. After giving away the prizes, the Minister made a short speech. He congratulated the prize-winners. He congratulated the Headmaster and the staff on their excellent work. In the end, the Headmaster thanked the Minister and the function was over. Tea was served to the guests and the prize-winners.

8. Our School Peon

Ramu is our school peon. He is twenty-five years old. He is tall and strong. He wears a khaki uniform. He is obedient and honest. He is true to his duty. He respects the teachers. He always speaks the truth. He knows his job well. Ramu lives in the school. He gets up early in the morning. He sweeps the school. He dusts the office. He rings the bell at the right time. He is busy the whole day. He is loyal to the school. He looks after the school property. His duty is hard, but his pay is small. I pity his lot.

9. A Postman

The postman is a very useful public servant. His duty is very hard. He has to do his duty in sun and rain. He goes to the Head Post Office in the morning. There he gets the dak. He arranges the letters. He puts them in a bag. Then he goes on his beat. He goes from door to door. He is eagerly waited for. He brings good as well as bad news. He helps to bring the world closer. A postman has to work hard. But his pay is small. He can hardly make both ends meet. I pity his lot.

10. A Rickshaw-Puller 

The life of a rickshaw-puller is very hard. He lives by the sweat of his brow. He pulls heavy loads. He pulls men, women and children. It is very painful to look at him. A rickshaw-puller hardly gets as much as he deserves. People try to give him as little as possible. He has to work in sun and rain from morning till evening. Even then, he gets very little to eat. He is in rags. It is unlucky that even in this age of science men have to work like beasts of burden to earn their bread.

11. The Diwali Festival

Diwali is an important Indian festival. It falls in the month of October or November. It comes twenty days after Dussehra. Shri Ram came back to Ayodhya on this day. Shri Guru Hargobind was set free by the Mughal Emperor on this day. This festival is celebrated in every village and town. Houses and shops are painted in new colours. People light their homes with candles and electric lights. They buy sweets and toys. They distribute gifts among friends and relatives. Children enjoy fireworks at night. On this day, people worship goddess Lakshmi Some people gamble on this day. It is evil. It should be ended.

12. The Dussehra Festival

Dussehra is an important Hindu festival. It comes off in October. Rama defeated Ravar on this day. It marks the victory of good over evil. The festival lasts for ten days. Ram Lila staged at night. Many people come to see this Lila. On the last day, a fair is held. Many people come to see the fair. Everyone looks happy. Effigies of Ravana, Meghnada and Kumbhakarn are set up. Rama shoots arrows at the effigies. At about sunset, Hanumana sets them on fire After this people come back to their homes. They feel happy.

13. The Independence Day

India became a free country on August 15, 1947. So, August 15 is called the Independence Day of India. The British rule came to an end on this day. It is a red-letter day in the history of the country. It is celebrated all over the country with great enthusiasm. On this day, all schools, colleges and offices remain closed. It is a national holiday. Public meetings are held in all towns and cities. A big function is held in Delhi. The Prime Minister unfurls the national flag at the Red Fort. Our freedom is a hard-won freedom. We should protect it.

14. The Republic Day

India became a Republic on January 26, 1950. The Constitution of the country came into force on this day. India became a secular democratic country. The power of government passed into the hands of the common people. All castes, creeds and religions are to be equal in the eyes of the law. It is a red-letter day in the history of the country. It is celebrated all over the country with great enthusiasm. The national flag is unfurled at all the public buildings. A big function is held in Delhi. The President of the country presides over this function. It is worth seeing. This day is a national holiday.

15. Mahatma Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869. He was unlike other boys. He was very gentle. He loved truth. He respected his teachers. After doing law he started practice in India. He did not take up false cases. He went to Africa to fight a case. There he saw the poor Indians. The English treated them badly. Gandhiji fought for their rights for ten years. Then he came back to India. He fought for the freedom of India. He gave us a new way of fighting. It was ‘ahimsa’. It was more powerful than violence. He was able to free India in 1947. He was a real Mahatma. He led a very simple life. He is called the Father of our Nation. A mad person shot him dead on January 30, 1948. Gandhiji’s name will always be remembered.

16. An Ideal Student

An ideal student is a knowledge-seeker in the real sense. He obeys his teachers. He has full confidence in them. He is regular and punctual. He works hard at studies. But he takes part in games also. He does not read cheap and dirty literature. He reads only good and useful books. An ideal student believes in simple living and high thinking. He knows the value of discipline. He does not waste the hard-earned money of his parents. An ideal student is a true patriot. In short, he has all the qualities of head and heart.

17. The Recess Period

The recess is the period of enjoyment. In this period, the students feel happy. They enjoy freedom for some time. As soon as the recess period begins, students rush out of their classrooms. Some of them run to the vendors. They buy things to eat. Others go to the taps to drink water. There is great rush in the playground. Some love to play there while others like to sit under the shady trees. They talk about their friends and teachers. Soon the bell goes. Students run back to their classes. The students feel fresh and start their studies once again.

18. A One-Day Cricket Match

Last Sunday, a one-day cricket match was played between our school and Arya High School. Each team played 40 overs. The match started at 10 a.m. We won the toss. We decided to bat first. Mohan and Gopal were our openers. Mohan made 30 runs and was out. Now Raja came in to bat. He did not play well. He was out for a duck. The next four players made 60 runs. Our team was out at 120 runs. Now it was the turn of Arya High School. They had good openers. They made 60 runs. Their third batsman was a hitter. He made 30 runs. But the other players were soon out. Their team could make only one hundred runs. We won the match by 20 runs. It was really a very interesting match.

19. A Football Match

Last Monday, a football match was played between our school and Khalsa School. It was played on our school grounds. Sh. Jaswant Singh was the referee. He blew the whistle. There was a toss. We won the toss. We chose our side. The match began. At first, the game was slow, but soon it became brisk. All the players played well. Our defence was very strong. There was no goal. The referee blew the whistle for interval. In the second half, Vinod passed the ball on to me. I ran with it into the Then I kicked it hard. It went through the poles. It was a goal. There were loud cheers. The referee blew the whistle. The game was over. We won the march by one goal.

20. A Kabaddi Match

I saw a kabaddi match last Sunday. It was played between our school and New High School. Sh. Mohan Lal was the referee. Many people came to see the match. There was a toss. We won the toss. We chose our side. Then the match began. First of all, our captain went running to the other side. He shouted, “Kabaddi, Kabaddi.” He came back. There was no point. Now it was the turn of New High School.

One of their players came to our side. He was caught. He could not go back. We scored a point. There were loud cheers. We scored more points. New High School team got only 8 points. We had gained 20 points. The referee blew a long whistle. The match came to an end. We won the match by 12 points. It was an interesting match.

21. Morning Walk

Morning walk is the best form of exercise. It costs nothing. It is very useful for our health. It refreshes our mind. It strengthens our body. It saves us from many diseases. Morning walk keeps us fresh for the whole day. It develops in us the habit of rising early. It brings pure thoughts in our mind. The dew drops, the fresh flowers, the chirping birds and the rustling leaves charm our mind. We start loving these objects of natural beauty. Thus, morning walk is useful not only for our body but for our mind also.

22. A Journey by Bus

Last Sunday, I went to Delhi by bus. I went to the bus stand and bought a ticket. A bus bound for Delhi was standing there. I got in and took the front seat. The conductor gave a whistle and the bus started. ‘We were soon out of the city. The driver drove very fast. But he was very good at his job. We felt quite safe. He left many buses behind. I saw farmers working in their fields. Here and there, I saw carts going on the road. The conductor was a jolly fellow. He made the journey pleasant by his witty talk. The bus reached Delhi at 6 p.m. It was a very pleasant journey.

23. A Journey by Train

Last year, I went to Delhi by train. I packed my luggage. I hired a rickshaw. I reached the station. I bought a ticket. I went to the platform. Soon the train arrived. I got into it. There was a great rush. But I was lucky. I got a seat near the window. The train started. I saw many things on the way. Farmers were ploughing the fields. Children were playing. A ticket-checker came. He checked our tickets. A young man was without ticket. He was fined. The train stopped at many stations. I bought a newspaper, I read it. It was 10 a.m. The train reached Delhi. It was a happy journey.

24. A Visit to a Zoo

There is a zoo in our city. I visited it last Sunday. I went with my parents. We bought tickets and went in. First of all, we saw birds. There were many beautiful and rare kinds of birds. We saw parrots, canaries, swallows, peacocks, ducks, cranes, herons, gulls and geese. Then we saw some wild beasts. A lioness and her cub were basking in the sun. They roared now and then. We also saw wolves, tigers, elephants and rhinos. When we were coming back, we saw a muddy pond. There were many big snakes in it. It was fearful to look at them. We stayed in the zoo for about three hours. Then we came back home.

25. A Visit to a Fair 

I went to see a fair last Tuesday. This fair is held every year in our town. It is held in the memory of a pious faqir. Many people go to see this fair. They include men of all religions and faiths. This year I went to see the fair with my parents. We offered flowers at the faqir’s tomb.

Then we went round the fair. There was a temporary bazaar. Stalls were arranged on either side. There was a great hustle and bustle. Sweets were in great demand. Children were enjoying rides in merry-go-rounds. A big shamiana was set up on one side of the fair. Qawalis were being sung there. We sat there for some time. Then we came back home.

26. A Visit to a Circus

A circus came to our town last month. I went to see it with my parents. We bought tickets and went in. We took our seats in the front row. First of all, a young girl came in. She had an umbrella in her hand. She walked on a rope. Then some more girls joined her. They showed various feats in gymnastics. They looked like rubber dolls. One of the girls jumped through a fire ring. Then there were animal shows. An elephant drank water from a bottle. A lion and a goat played with each other. A monkey drove a mini-cycle. The show came to an end at 7 p.m. I liked it very much.

27. A Visit to a Historical Place

During the last spring holidays, I went to Agra. There I visited the Taj. It is built outside the city on the bank of the Yamuna. A large gateway of red stone provides the entrance. The Taj is a large and beautiful building. It stands on a raised platform. In the middle of the platform, there is a splendid white dome. At its four corners, there are four stately towers. Underneath the white dome are the marble tombs of Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan. The whole building is surrounded by a garden on three sides. On the fourth side, the river Yamuna grazes it. No words can describe the beauty of the Taj.

28. A Scene at the Railway Station

Last Sunday, my father went to Delhi. I went to the station to see him off. I bought a ticket and a platform ticket. We went to the platform. There was great hustle and bustle. Some men were buying books at the bookstall. The hawkers were going up and down the platform. The coolies were busy. People were waiting for the train. Soon the train arrived. There was a great rush in it. Some passengers got down. Others got in and took their seats. I got a seat for my father. The engine gave a whistle. The guard waved a green flag. The train again whistled and steamed off. Now there was all quiet on the platform. I came back home.

29. A Scene at the Bus Stand

Last Monday, I went to the bus stand to see off my uncle. The bus stand was humming with life. There were separate parking stands for different routes. A bus was parked at each stand. Men behind the counter were issuing tickets. The conductors were shouting to attract passengers for their respective buses. As soon as a bus was full, the conductor blew his whistle and the bus moved out of the stand. Another one immediately took its place. This activity was going on endlessly. I bought a ticket for my uncle, got him a good seat and then came back home.

30. A House on Fire

It was Sunday. I was sitting in my room with my friend, Atul. Suddenly, we saw clouds of smoke rising in the sky. There was a big fire in the next street. People were running to the site of fire. Children were shouting for help. People brought buckets of water. We also joined them. We threw sand and water on the flames. The fire was put out after half an hour. It was the house of a carpenter. The poor man suffered a big loss. All his wood, grain and money were gone. The house was reduced to ashes. He was very sad at his loss. People felt sorry for him. They gave him food, clothes and some money. The poor carpenter thanked them with folded hands.

31. A Bus Accident

Last Monday, I was travelling from Panipat to Delhi by bus. We had hardly gone twenty kilometres when a dreadful accident took place. All of a sudden a scooterist, coming from a side-road, came in front of the bus. The driver at once applied the brakes, and also turned the bus to one side. All the passengers were thrown off their seats. In no time, the bus went off the road and fell into a ditch. There were loud cries. Many passengers were badly wounded. I, too, got a deep cut on my forehead. Many people gathered there. They helped us to get out of the bus. Luckily there was no death. The scooterist had sped away. I reached home with a bandaged head.

32. A Street Quarrel

Last evening, I was sitting near the window of my room. I saw two children playing in the street. Suddenly, they fell out. Other boys of the street gathered there. None tried to separate them. They kept looking on. Soon, the mothers of both the children reached there. They started abusing each other. They used very dirty words for each other. From hot words, they came to blows. They pulled each other’s hair. Luckily, an elderly woman came there. She separated the fighting ladies. She spoke to them very wisely. The two women realised their mistake. They went back to their homes. Both the children started playing together once again.

33. A Rainy Day

It was the month of July last year. One day, it was very hot. Men and animals were panting. All were perspiring. We longed for a shower of rain. In the afternoon, some clouds appeared in the east. Soon the whole sky was overcast with dark clouds. It started raining heavily. Streets and bazaars were flooded with water. Little children came out and played in the rain. They splashed water over one another. The rain stopped after two hours. It became very cool and pleasant. Streets and bazaars were washed clean. The city gave a fresh look.

34. Life in a Village

The three words that can amply describe the life in a village are — Simple, Pure and Fresh. The villagers are very simple-hearted people. They know no cunning. They are pure in their thoughts and actions. They are very hospitable. They live simply and happily. They have no anxiety. Life in a village is very calm and peaceful. It is free from the noise and din of cities. The air is fresh and health-giving. Says Leo Tolstoy in one of his stories, “A villager’s life is not a fat one, but it is a long one.” He may never grow rich, but he has always enough to eat. In short, we can say that life in a village is worth living.

35. How I Celebrated My Birthday

I gave a party on my birthday. I invited all my friends. The party was held at my house. The party began at 6 p.m. A big cake was placed on a table. All my friends stood round the table. I cut the cake with a knife. My friends and parents chanted three times : ‘Happy Birthday To You.’ Then everybody set to eating. The cake was served to all. It was very tasty. There were many things to eat. Everybody ate to their heart’s content. There was singing and dancing also. Everyone enjoyed the party. It was over by 8 p.m. My friends congratulated me once again and went back to their homes.

36. A Drowning Tragedy

One day, I was picnicking with some of my friends on the riverbank. A boy named Kamal fell into the river. He didn’t know how to swim. I saw him struggling with water. It was a painful sight. I at once jumped into the river. I swam to him and brought him out with great difficulty. He had swallowed a lot of water. He was unconscious. We, at once called a doctor. Someone ran to inform Kamal’s parents. The doctor pressed out the water from Kamal’s belly. Kamal opened his eyes. We felt great relief. After some time Kamal’s parents reached the place. They thanked me and the doctor again and again.

37. The Golden Temple

Amritsar is also called Guru-ki-nagri. It is famous for the Golden Temple. The Temple is situated in the city. It is surrounded by many narrow lanes. The golden shrine built in the middle of the sarover shines at sunrise and sunset. It was built by Guru Arjun Dev Ji. It is a unique experience when Granth Sahib is brought out from the Akal Takhat Sahib amidst chanting of hymns and blowing of bugles.

The Akal Takhat Sahib, facing the Harmandir Sahib, was built by Guru Hargobind Ji. It was used for holding courts. The complex has a museum of rare paintings, books, shashtras, etc. The lives of the Gurus are described through them. There is a big bazaar near Darshani Deori. Gutakas, karas and other articles related to the Sikh religion are sold there. Home-made papad-varian, chura-bangles, dry fruit are also sold in many shops. There are number of hotels and guest houses near the Temple for tourists to stay. There is a sarai also for pilgrims in the Temple. The Golden Temple is indeed a worth-visiting place.

38. Canada

Canada is one of the largest country of the world. Its area is 9,976,139 sq. km. and population is about 32 million. The capital city of Canada is Ottawa. The currency of the country is Canadian dollar. English and French are the official languages of Canada. In winter, the climate of Canada is bitterly cold. In some regions, the mercury may dip to -65°C. The average temperature in Ottawa is from -15°C to -6°C in January.

In July, the average temperature is 15°C to 26°C. The main products of Canada are fruit, vegetables, livestock, tobacco, copper, zinc, iron, salt, oil and natural gas. And major industries of the country are agriculture, forestry, food processing, transport, chemicals, oil and gas refining and cement. Vehicles, machinery, food stuffs, natural gas, meat, coal and timber are exported to other countries. Canada is one of the most developed nations of the world.

39. Aruna Asif Ali

Aruna Asif Ali is known as the Grand Old Lady of India. She took active part in the Independence movement. She was born in an orthodox Hindu Bengali family in 1909 at Kalka. She married a Muslim, Mr. Asif Ali, thus breaking all conventions regarding marriage. Her husband, Mr. Asif Ali, was also involved in the freedom struggle. Aruna Asif Ali took part in Salt Satyagrah under the leadership of Gandhiji.

She addressed many public meetings and led processions for the cause of India’s independence from the British rule. As a result, she was sentenced to one-year imprisonment. But she didn’t give up the cause for which she was fighting against the British rule. She was again sentenced to jail.

She became the editor of the newspaper ‘Inquilab’. After Independence, she became a social worker. She fought for the rights of women. In 1992 she received Nehru Award for International Understanding. She passed away in July 1996. She was honoured with Bharat Ratna posthumously.

40. The Tribals of Odisha 

There are many tribal groups in Odisha. They live in remote places. One such group lives in the forests of Kalahandi. These people are one of most backward tribes in the world. They have dark skin and black hair. The women wear bright-coloured saris while the men wear nothing but loincloth.

They still believe that India is ruled by kings. These people are illiterate as they do not have any facility of schooling, means of transportation and proper motorable roads. As a result, they are cut off from the rest of the world. They do not have any idea of currency notes. They still use barter system.

They usually live in groups and each group has common property. They cure diseases with herbs and set bones by rubbing oils. The government should launch schemes to educate them and bring them to the mainstream of the nation.

41. An Incident of Burglary

Mr. Ramanathan is an affluent businessman of our town. One day, he with his family went out of the town to attend a wedding. There was nobody at home and the house was locked from outside. A thief broke into the house at night. He decamped with the jewellery, valuables and money.

But the neighbours had seen the lights on and they informed the police about it. The police came along with a dog. They found the thief’s glove. The dog sniffed the scent of the thief. It took the policemen to the thief’s place. Thus the thief was arrested and the case was solved. The policemen were rewarded by the department for their efficiency.

42. Floods in Mumbai

On July 26, 2005, I was busy shopping in a famous crowded market, although it was raining. Gradually, it started raining heavily. Now, it was impossible to go from there. Therefore, I took shelter in a shop. Soon, the place got flooded and water started entering the shops. The articles in the shops started floating in the water and the shopkeeper tried to retrieve valuable articles. The entire area was submerged in the flood water.

Many vehicles couldn’t move in the flood water. The people had to stay in them. Some other people took shelter in shops and houses. Suddenly, it started raining like hell. Now water in the shops and houses rose up to 6-7 feet. The people had to move to first floor. In no time the army swung into action. The volunteers of many NGO’s started helping the affected people with food and water. All this went on for more than 24 hours. It was really a horrifying experience which I can never forget.

43. The Lohri Festival

Lohri is a festival of fun and frolic. It is generally celebrated on 13th of January every year. This festival is related to the folklore of Dulla Bhatti. At sunset, people light up bonfires in the open in front of their houses. Lohri is celebrated with more enthusiasm in the families where there is a newborn son or a newly married person.

Giddha or Bhangra is performed to the beats of the drums. On the day of Lohri, children go singing from house to house asking for money and sweets. Lohri is a busy festival. People meet their friends and relatives and exchange greetings and gifts.

44. How to Make Papier-mache -Toys

In order to make toys with papier-mache, old newspaper sheets are taken. They are torn into small pieces. These pieces are soaked in water overnight. Next day, the mixture is boiled for half an hour. After that, the mixture is whipped till it becomes soft and pulpy.

The water is squeezed out from the mixture and two tablespoons of white gum are added into it. The mixture is stirred well and then the toys are made from it. These toys are left to dry overnight or more. Then they are painted with water-based colour. To make these toys waterproof, two or three coats of lacquer are given on them. Masks can also be made in the same manner.

45. How to Make Gajrela

It is very easy to make gajrela at home. Take three kilograms of large carrots and wash them properly. Then grate the carrots. Mix 242 litres milk with the carrots. After that put the mixture in a pan and boil it till the mixture becomes very thick. Add 3/4 cup of sugar and 250 gm of khoya in the mixture.

Stir the mixture till it becomes thick. Stir it continuously as the mixture should not stick to the pan. Now remove the pan from the fire. Add nuts to it. Your gajrela is ready. Let it cool before serving. It can also be served hot.

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 12 Heron’s Formula Ex 12.1 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 12 Heron’s Formula Ex 12.1

Question 1.
A traffic signal board, indicating ‘SCHOOL AHEAD’, is an equilateral triangle with side ‘a’. Find the area of the signal board, using Heron’s formula. If its perimeter is 180 cm, what will be the area of the signal board?
Answer:
In equilateral ∆ ABC, the length of each side is a.
∴ a = a, b = a, c = a
and semiperimeter s = \(\frac{a+b+c}{2}\) = \(\frac{a+a+a}{2}\) = \(\frac{3}{2}\)a
Now,
s – a = \(\frac{3}{2}\)a – a = \(\frac{1}{2}\)a,
s – b = \(\frac{3}{2}\)a – a = \(\frac{1}{2}\)a, and
s – c = \(\frac{3}{2}\)a – a = \(\frac{1}{2}\)a,

Now, the perimeter of equilateral ∆ ABC is 180 cm.
∴ Length of each side = \(\frac{180}{3}\) = 60 cm and
semiperimeter s = \(\frac{180}{2}\) = 90 cm.
Here, a = b = c = 60 cm and s = 90 cm
∴ s – a = 90 – 60 = 30 cm,
s – b = 90 – 60 = 30 cm and
s – c = 90 – 60 = 30 cm.
Area of ∆ ABC = \(\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}\)
= \(\sqrt{90 \times 30 \times 30 \times 30}\) cm²
= \(\sqrt{3 \times 900 \times 900}\) cm²
= 30 × 30 × √3 cm²
= 900 √3 cm²

Question 2.
The triangular side walls of a flyover have been used for advertisements. The sides of the walls are 122 m, 22 m and 120 m (see the given figure). The advertisements yield an earning of ₹ 5000 per m² per year. A company hired one of its walls for 3 months. How much rent did it pay?

Answer:
For triangular side wall of the flyover,
a = 122 m, b = 120 m and c = 22 m.
Semiperimeter s = \(\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
= \(\frac{122+120+22}{2}\)
= \(\frac{264}{2}\)
= 132 m
Area of triangular side wall
= \(\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}\)
= \(\sqrt{132(132-122)(132-120)(132-22)}\) m²
= \(\sqrt{132 \times 10 \times 12 \times 110}\) m²
= \(\sqrt{12 \times 11 \times 10 \times 12 \times 11 \times 10}\) m²
= 12 × 11 × 10 m²
= 1320 m²
∴ Annual rent of one wall = ₹ (1320 × 5000)
∴ Rent of one wall for 3 months
= ₹ (1320 × 5000 × \(\frac{3}{12}\))
= ₹ 16,50,000

Question 3.
There is a slide in a park. One of its side walls has been painted in some colour with a message “KEEP THE PARK GREEN AND CLEAN” (see the given figure). If the sides of the wall are 15 m, 11m and 6 m, find the area painted in colour.

Answer:
The lengths of the triangular side wall are
15 m, 11m and 6 m.
∴ a = 15 m, b = 11m, c = 6m and
semiperimeter s = \(\frac{a+b+c}{2}\) = \(\frac{15+11+6}{2}\) = \(\frac{32}{2}\) = 16 cm
Then, s – a = 16 – 15 = 1 m,
s – b = 16 – 11 = 5 m, and
s – c = 16 – 6 = 10m.
Area of the triangular region painted in colour
= \(\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}\)
= \(\sqrt{16 \times 1 \times 5 \times 10}\) m²
= \(\sqrt{16 \times 5 \times 5 \times 2}\) m²
= 4 × 5 × √2 m²
= 20√2 m²

Question 4.
Find the area of a triangle two sides of which are 18 cm and 10 cm and the perimeter is 42 cm.
Answer:
Here, perimeter of the triangle = 42 cm
∴ Semiperimeter s = \(\frac{42}{2}\) = 21 cm.
Now, a = 18 cm and b = 10 cm.
s = \(\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
∴ 21 = \(\frac{18+10+c}{2}\)
∴ 42 = 28 + c
∴ c = 14 cm
Now,
s – a = 21 – 18 = 3 cm,
s – b = 21 – 10 = 11 cm and
s – c = 21 – 14 = 7 cm.
Area of a triangle = \(\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}\)
= \(\sqrt{21 \times 3 \times 11 \times 7}\) cm²
= \(\sqrt{21 \times 21 \times 11}\) cm²
= 21√11 cm²

Question 5.
Sides of a triangle are in the ratio of 12 : 17 : 25 and its perimeter is 540 cm. Find its area.
Answer:
Suppose the sides of the triangle measure 12x cm, 17x cm and 25x cm.
Perimeter of a triangle = Stun of three sides
∴ 540 = 12x + 17x + 25x
∴ 540 = 54x
∴ x = 10
Then, the measures of the sides of the triangle are,
a = 12 × 10 = 120 cm,
b = 17 × 10 = 170 cm and
c = 25 × 10 = 250 cm.
Now, s – a = 270 – 120 = 150 cm,
s – b = 270 – 170 = 100 cm and
s – c = 270 – 250 = 20 cm.
Area of a triangle
= \(\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}\)
= 7\(\sqrt{270(150)(100)(20)}\) cm²
= \(\sqrt{270 \times 30 \times 5 \times 100 \times 5 \times 4}\) cm²
= \(\sqrt{8100 \times 25 \times 400}\) cm²
= \(\sqrt{(90)^{2} \times(5)^{2} \times(20)^{2}}\) cm²
= 90 × 5 × 20 cm²
= 9000 cm²

Question 6.
An isosceles triangle has perimeter 30 cm and each of the equal sides is 12 cm. Find the area of the triangle.
Answer:
Let, the sides of the isosceles triangle be a = 12 cm, b = 12 cm and c cm.
Perimeter of triangle = Sum of three sides
∴ 30 = 12 + 12 + c
∴ 30 = 24 + c
∴ c = 6 cm
Now, semiperimeter s = \(\frac{\text { Perimeter }}{2}\) = \(\frac{30}{2}\) = 15 cm
Then, s – a = 15 – 12 = 3 cm,
s – b = 15 – 12 = 3 cm and
s – c = 15 – 6 = 9 cm.
Area of a triangle = \(\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}\)
= \(\sqrt{15 \times 3 \times 3 \times 9}\) cm²
= \(\sqrt{15 \times 9 \times 9}\) cm²
= 9 √15 cm²

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 11 Constructions Ex 11.2 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 11 Constructions Ex 11.2

Question 1.
Construct a triangle ABC in which BC = 7cm, ∠B = 75° and AB + AC = 13cm.
Answer:

Steps of construction:

1. Draw any ray BX. With centre B and radius 7 cm draw an arc to intersect BX at C.
2. At B, construct ∠YBC with measure 75°.
3. With centre B and radius 13 cm, draw an arc to intersect BY at M.
4. Draw line segment MC. Draw the perpendicular bisector of MC to intersect BM at A.
5. Draw line segment AC.
   Then, ∆ ABC is the required triangle.

Question 2.
Construct a triangle ABC in which BC = 8 cm, ∠B = 45° and AB – AC = 3.5 cm.
Answer:

Steps of construction:

1. Draw any ray BX and from that obtain the line segment BC of length 8 cm.
2. At B, draw ray BY such that ∠YBC = 45°.
3. With centre B and radius 3.5 cm, draw an arc to intersect ray BY at D.
4. Draw line segment DC. Draw the perpendicular bisector of DC to intersect ray BY at A.
5. Draw line segment AC.
   Then, ∆ ABC is the required triangle.

Question 3.
Construct a triangle PQR in which QR = 6 cm, ∠Q = 60° and PR – PQ = 2 cm.
Answer:

Steps of construction:

1. Draw any ray QX and from that obtain the line segment QR of length 6 cm.
2. At Q, construct ray QY such that Z YQR = 60°.
3. Produce ray QY on the side of Q to obtain ray QZ. Obtain point S on ray QZ such that QS = 2 cm.
4. Draw line segment RS. Draw the perpendicular bisector of RS to intersect QY at E
5. Draw line segment PR.
   Then, ∆ PQR is the required triangle.

Question 4.
Construct a triangle XYZ in which ∠Y = 30°, ∠Z = 90° and XY + YZ + ZX = 11 cm.
Answer:

Steps of construction:

1. Draw any ray AP and from that obtain the line segment AB of length 11 cm.
2. Construct ray AL such that ∠LAB = 30°.
3. Construct ray BM such that ∠MBA = 90°.
4. Draw the bisectors of ∠LAB and ∠MBA to intersect each other at X.
5. Draw line segment XB. Draw the perpendicular bisector of XB to intersect AB at Z.
6. Draw line segment XA. Draw the perpendicular bisector of XA to intersect AB at Y.
7. Draw line segments XY and XZ.
   Then, ∆ XYZ is the required triangle.

Question 5.
Construct a right triangle whose base is 12 cm and sum of its hypotenuse and other side is 18 cm.
Answer:

Steps of construction:

1. Draw any ray BX and from that obtain the line segment BC of length 12 cm.
2. Construct ray BY such that ∠YBC = 90°.
3. Taking B as centre and radius 18 cm, draw an arc to intersect BY at M.
4. Draw line segment CM. Draw the perpendicular bisector of CM to intersect BM at A.
5. Draw line segment AC.
   Then, ∆ ABC is the require triangle in which ∠B is a right angle, BC = 12 cm and AB + AC = 18 cm.

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class English Book Solutions English Letter Writing Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 9th Class English Letter Writing

Important Applications

Application For Marriage Leave

Suppose you are Gopal Singh. You are a student of IX-A class of A.S. High School, Khanna. Write an application to the Headmaster of your school for marriage leave.
Answer:
The Headmaster
A.S. High School
Khanna
Sir
I beg to say that my elder brother’s marriage takes place next week. I have much work to do. So I cannot come to school. Kindly grant me leave for five days. I shall be very thankful to you for this kindness.
Yours obediently
Gopal Singh
Roll No. 25
IX-A
15 March 20_ _.

Application For Leave
Due To Urgent Work

Suppose you are Gopal. You are a student of IX-A class of A.B. Sr. Sec. School, Ludhiana.You have an urgent piece of work at home. Write an application for leave to your Principal.
Answer:
The Principal
A.B. Sr. Sec. School
Ludhiana
Sir.
I beg to say that I have an urgent piece of work at home. So I cannot come to school. Kindly grant me leave for today. I shall be thankful to you for this kindness.
Yours obediently
Gopal
Roll No. 25
IX-A
5 March 20_ _.

Application For Remission Of Fine

Suppose you are Satish Kumar. You are a student of IX-B class of Govt. High School, Amritsar. Write an application to your Headmaster for the remission of fine.
Answer:
The Headmaster
Govt. High School.
Amritsar
Sir
Our English teacher gave us a test on Monday. That day, I was suffering from high fever. So I could not take the test. The teacher fined me ten rupees. I wanted to take the test, but couldn’t due to my illness. Kindly remit my fine and oblige.
Yours obediently
Satish Kumar
Roll No. 52
IX-B
5 February 20_ _.

Application For Full Fee-Concession

Suppose you are Sham Singh. You are a student of IX-B class of Govt. High School, Ludhiana. Write an application to the Headmaster of your school, requesting him to grant you full fee-concession.
Answer:
The Headmaster
Govt. High School !
Ludhiana
Sir
I am a student of IX-B of your school. My father is a peon. His pay is very small. He cannot pay my school fees. I am good at my studies. I am also a member of the Football Eleven. My teachers are pleased with me. I was a free student last year. Kindly grant me full fee-concession this year also. I shall be thankful to you for this kindness.
Yours obediently
Sham Singh
Roll. No. 25
IX-B
4 March 20_ _.

Application For School Leaving Certificate

Suppose you are Anil Kumar. You are a student of IX-E class of A.B.C. High School, Moga. Write an application to the Headmaster of your school to issue your school leaving certificate.
Answer:
The Headmaster
A.B.C. High School
Moga
Sir
I beg to say that I am a student of IX-E of your school. My father has been transferred to Shimla. My parents are leaving for Shimla next week. I cannot stay here alone. I am sorry to leave such a good school, but I can’t help it. My father has signed the application. Kindly issue me my school leaving certificate and oblige.
Yours obediently
Anil Kumar
Roll No. 32
IX-E
15 April 20_ _.

Application For Change Of Section

Suppose your name is Robin. You are a student of IX-B class of Guru Nanak Public School, Ludhiana. Write an application to the Principal of your school, requesting him to change your section.
Answer:
The Principal
Guru Nanak Public School
Ludhiana
Sir
I am a student of IX-B of your school. All my friends are in Section A of class IX. Some boys of IX-A live in our street. They can help me whenever I am unable to attend school. They can help me in other ways also. Kindly shift my name from IX-B to X-A and oblige.
Thanking you
Yours obediently
Robin
IX-B
15 March 20_ _.

Permission To Pay The Fees Late :

Suppose you are Charanjit Singh. You are a student of IX-A class of Govt. High School, Khanna. Write an application to the Headmaster of your school requesting him to permit you to pay your fees for the month late by ten days.
Answer:
The Headmaster
Govt. High School
Khanna
Sir
I beg to say that I am a student of IX-A of your school. Tomorrow is the fee day and I am unable to pay it. My father has gone to Delhi. He will come back in ten days. Kindly allow me to pay my fees late by ten days.
Thanking you
Yours obediently
Charanjit Singh
IX-A
9 March 20 – -.

Permission To Go On A Historical Tour

Suppose you are Pardeep Sikka. You are a student of Ix-B class of Govt. Senior Secondary School, Ludhiana. Write an application to your Principal, requesting him to permit your class to go on a historical tour.
Answer:
The Principal
Govt. Senior Secondary School
Ludhiana
Sir
Our school is closing for the summer vacation next week. We, the students of class IX, want to go on a historical tour. We want to see the Taj Mahal. We also want to see Fatehpur Sikri. On our way back, we want to go round Delhi also. The trip will be very useful for us as students of History. It will add to our knowledge. Kindly allow us and also help us to arrange this trip.
Yours obediently
Pardeep Sikka
(Monitor, Class IX-B)
9 March 20_ _.

Important Letter:

To Father For Money
Suppose you are Surjit Singh, living in the boarding house of your school. Write a letter to your father, requesting him to send you money to pay the examination fee.
Answer:
24 Boarding House
Arya High School
Nawan Shahar
2 February 20_ _.
47 Deep Nagar
Banga
My dear Father Our annual examination comes off in the month of March. We have filled in our admission forms. I have to deposit the examination fee. The last date is 15th February. I have also to pay the school fee. Please send me two hundred rupees. With love and respect to you and dear mother.
Yours affectionately
Surjit Singh

Invitation To Brother’s Marriage

Suppose you are Manish Kumar. You live at 35, Main Bazaar, Amritsar. Write a letter to your friend, inviting him to your brother’s marriage.
Answer:
35 Main Bazaar
Amritsar
4 March 20_ _.
45 Mall Road
Shimla
My Dear Kundan
You will be glad to know that the marriage of my elder brother comes off on March 19, 20_ _. The marriage party will leave for Delhi early in the morning that day. We shall stay in Delhi for two days. I want you to join the marriage party. You know that Delhi is a historical city. There are many buildings worth seeing. We will see the Red Fort, the Qutub Minar and the Jantar Mantar. Mohan and Sohan are also coming. They will reach here on Sunday. We will have good time together. I hope that you will reach in time.
Yours sincerely
Manish Kumar

Explaining The Cause Of Your Failure

Imagine you are Kishore. You live at 21, Model Town, Hoshiarpur. Write a letter to your father, explaining the cause of your failure and promising to do better in the Annual Examination.
Answer:
21 Model Town
Hoshiarpur
17 March 20_ _.
53 Malik Road
Patiala
My dear Father I am very sorry to inform you that I have failed in the last House Examination. I fail in English, Maths and Science. But believe me, father, I am not to blame for it. My failure is not due to any carelessness on my part. I put in hard work. But as ill luck would have it, I fell ill just before the examination. I had high fever. I could not revise my courses. So I was unable to do my papers well. Dear Father, I promise to do better in the Annual Examination. I request you not to mind my failure.
Your loving son
Kishore

To Father About Your Studies

Imagine you are Harinder Singh. You live in the boarding house. Your father wants to know . about your progress at school. Write a letter to him, telling him how you are getting on at school.
Answer:
Boarding House
D.A.V. School
Phagwara
15 March 20_ _.
157 Model Town
Amritsar
My dear Father I am very glad to receive your loving letter. You have asked me about how I am getting on at school. You will be glad to learn that I am quite happy here. I have made some good friends. They are hard-working and gentle. The warden of our hostel is very nice to me. I don’t feel lonely here. As for my studies, I am doing quite well. We are having a test next week. I hope to do very well in English and Mathematics. In other subjects, too, I am doing well. I take interest in games also. I have become a member of the hockey eleven. I attend the playground regularly.
With regards
Yours affectionately
Harinder Singh.

Advice To Take Part In Games

Suppose you are Varun. You live at 18, Shakti Nagar, Sangrur. Write a letter to your younger brother, scolding him for not taking part in games.
Answer:
18 Shakti Nagar
Sangrur
19 February 20 – -.
2 Nehru Market
Shimla
My dear Raman
I have just received a letter from Sushma. I am sorry to learn that you are gone very weak in health. You often fall ill also. No doubt, you are doing quite well in studies. But dear brother, this is not good. Overwork will tell upon your health. You must know that games are as useful as studies. They make us active and smart. They keep us healthy. They teach us many good habits. So you must take part in games. I trust you will act upon my advice.
With love
Your loving brother
Varun.

Inviting A Friend To Your Birthday Party

Suppose you are Baljit Singh living at 46, Model Town, Jalandhar City. Invite your friend Manoj to your birthday party.
Answer:
46 Model Town
Jalandhar City
5 March 20 _ _.
14 New Colony
Gurdaspur
My dear Manoj
My birthday is on 12th March. I am inviting all my friends. You must come. We will have a big party. My father is getting a big cake for me. There will be ice cream, biscuits and fruit to eat. Cold drinks will also be served. It will be a nice time to eat, drink and dance together. After the party, we shall go to the rose garden. There we shall play games. We shall also enjoy a ride in the mini-train. Please do come.
With love
Yours sincerely
Baljit Singh.

Invitation To Sister’s Marriage

Imagine you are Harpreet. Write a letter to your friend, inviting him to your sister’s wedding.
Answer:
36 Nehru Nagar
Ludhiana
2 Feb. 20 _ _.
602 Kundan Puri
Dalhousie
My dear Sanjay
You will be glad to know that my elder sister’s marriage comes off on Feb. 16. My sister is very lucky. She has got a very good match. Her in-laws are a very respectable family. They belong to Delhi. The bridegroom is a doctor. As the day of marriage is drawing near, we are becoming more and more busy. The time is short. All preparations are yet to be made. I need your help. You should reach here as soon as possible. I shall be glad to see you here.
With love
Yours sincerely
Harpreet.

Congratulating On Recovery From Illness

Suppose you are Parmvir. You live at Kamala Niwas, the Mall, Patiala. Write a letter to your friend, Satish, expressing your sense of relief at his recovery from a long illness.
Answer:
Kamala Niwas
The Mall
Patiala
15 May 20_ _.
102 Ashok Nagar
Ludhiana.
Dear Satish
I am very glad to learn that you have recovered from your illness. I heartily congratulate you on your recovery. I was so unhappy when I heard that you were down with typhoid. Thank God that you have got well. Please take complete rest for some days more. Be very careful about your diet now. Follow the advice of your doctor. Take only milk and fruit for some days. When you pick up strength, do go out for a walk in the mornings. It will do you a lot of good. I shall come to see you on Sunday.
With best wishes
Yours sincerely
Parmvir.

Invitation For Summer Vacation

Suppose you are Sohan. You live at 234, Mohan Pura, Phagwara. Write a letter to your friend, asking him to spend a part of his summer vacation with you.
Answer:
234 Mohan Pura
Phagwara
18 June 20 _ _.
15 Naya Bazaar
Amritsar
My dear Gopal
I am very glad to know that your school also has broken up for the summer vacation. We are going to Shimla. I invite you to spend your vacation with us at Shimla. Shimla is a beautiful hill station. There the air is cool and bracing. We shall go round the various beauty spots there. Hiking among the mountains has a joy of its own. We shall have long walks on the hills. We shall have a good time together. My parents will be glad to have you with us. We will leave for Shimla on 25 June. Kindly write me the time and date of your arrival.
Yours sincerely
Sohan.

Sympathising On Failure

Imagine you are Kamal. You live at 15, New Colony, Jalandhar. Write a letter to your friend who has failed in the examination, asking him not to lose heart but to try again.
Answer:
15 New Colony
Jalandhar
18 March 20 _ _.
370 Nai Basti
Ambala
Dear Ram
I am sad to learn that you have failed in the 8th class examination. In fact, your failure didn’t surprise me much. You did your best. But you fell ill just before your examination. The doctor had advised you complete rest yet you appeared in the examination. Please don’t lose heart. After all you are not to blame. Work hard for the next year. God will bless you with success next time.
Yours sincerely
Kamal.

To Landlord For Repairs

Suppose you are Pardeep Kumar. You live at 554, Shivaji Nagar, Ludhiana. Write a letter to your landlord for getting the house repaired.
Answer:
554 Shivaji Nagar
Ludhiana
15 March 20_ _.
102 Shastri Nagar
Ludhiana
Dear Mr. Gupta
I beg to draw your kind attention to the bad condition of your house I am living in. There are big cracks in the walls. The roofs leak during the rains. The whitewash is falling off. Most of the windowpanes are broken. The kitchen door can give way any moment.Last year, many of our household articles were spoiled by rain. I reported the fact to you. You promised to effect the repairs before the next rainy season. Now the rainy season is about to set in. So I request you to effect the necessary repairs.
Yours truly
Pardeep Kumar

Complaint Against The Postman

Imagine you are Ram. You live at 44, Railway Road, Amritsar. Write a letter to the Postmaster, bringing to his notice the irregular delivery of your letters.
Answer:
44 Railway Road
Amritsar
9 March 20 _ _.
The Postmaster
General Post Office
Amritsar
Sir
I am very sorry to report that my letters are not properly delivered to me. Ram Lal, the postman of our area, is very careless. Often he comes very late. He does not do his duty honestly. On the outer wall of my house, I have put up a letter-box. It bears my name. But the postman never puts my letters into this box. He often throws them in at the gate. Sometimes he hands them to the children in the street. Many important letters are thus lost. Kindly look into the matter and take suitable action.
Yours faithfully
Ram

Complaint About Insanitation

Imagine you are Amar Singh. You live at 1035, Model Town, Patiala. Write a letter to the Health Officer of your city, complaining about the insanitary condition of your locality.
Answer:
1035 Model Town
Patiala
16 March 20_ _.
The Health Officer
Nagar Nigam
Patiala
Sir.
I beg to draw your attention to the insanitary condition of our street. Mainly poor people live in this area. Perhaps, that is why, no Sanitary Inspector has ever visited it. There are very few proper drains here. These drains are not cleaned regularly. They are never flushed with water. No dustbins have been provided. People throw all their refuse here and there. Flies and mosquitoes buzz about. All this gives this street a very dirty look. I hope you will surely take suitable action to improve the sanitary condition of our street.
Thanking you
Yours faithfully
Amar Singh.

About Loss Of Bicycle

Imagine you are Onkar Verma. You are living at 70, Adarsh Nagar, Jalandhar. Report to the police about the loss of your bicycle.
Answer:
70 Adarsh Nagar
Jalandhar
25 August 20 _ _.
The Station House Officer Division No. 1 Jalandhar City Sir I want to report the loss of my bicycle. Its make is Atlas. I went to the local D.C.M. store at 4 p.m. yesterday. I came out after half an hour. I found my cycle missing. I asked many persons, but no one could give me any clue. Mine is a new cycle. I purchased it only last month. It is of red colour. Its number is D – 4144207. It has a carrier and a bell. Its chain cover bears my name. Kindly help me to find my cycle.
Yours faithfully
Onkar Verma

Ordering Books

Write a letter to a bookseller, ordering books by V.P.P.
Answer:
Baldev Book Shop
Model Town
Sirsa
13 July 20 _ _.
Messrs Malhotra Book Depot Railway Road Jalandhar City Dear Sirs Kindly send us the following books by V.P.P. All the books should be of the latest edition. We need them immediately since they are in great demand. Please send them at your earliest.
1. Modern English Grammar (Class X) 40 copies
2. MBD Physics (Class X) …………… 30 copies
3. MBD Chemistry (Class X) ………… 50 copies
4. MBD Mathematics (Class X) …………….. 40 copies
Yours sincerely
Baldev Krishan
(Partner)

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 11 Constructions Ex 11.1 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 11 Constructions Ex 11.1

Question 1.
Construct an angle of 90° at the initial point of a given ray and justify the construction.
Answer:

Steps of construction :

1. Ray AB is given. Produce ray AB on the side of A to get line MAB.
2. Taking A as centre and some radius, draw an arc of a circle to intersect line MAB at X and Y.
3. Taking X and Y as centres and radius more than \(\frac{1}{2}\)XY, draw arcs to intersect at P on one side of line MAB.
4. Draw ray AC passing through E
   Thus, ∠CAB is the required angle of 90°.

Justification:
Draw PX and PY.
In ∆ PAX and ∆ PAY,
AX = AY (Radii of same arc)
PX = PY (Radii of congruent arcs)
PA = PA (Common)
∴ By SSS rule, ∆ PAX ≅ ∆ PAY
∴ ∠PAX = ∠PAY (CPCT)
But, ∠PAX + ∠PAY = 180° (Linear pair)
∴ ∠PAY = \(\frac{180^{\circ}}{2}\) = 90°
∴ ∠CAB = 90°

Question 2.
Construct an angle of 45° at the initial point of a given ray and justify the construction.
Answer:

Steps of construction:

1. Ray AB is given. Produce ray AB on the side of A to get line MAB.
2. Taking A as centre and some radius, draw an arc of a circle to intersect line MAB at X and Y.
3. Taking X and Y as centres and radius more than \(\frac{1}{2}\)XY, draw arcs to intersect at P on one side of line MAB.
4. Draw ray AC passing through E Thus, ∠CAB of 90° is received.
5. Name the point of intersection of the arc with centre A and ray AC as Z.
6. Taking Y and Z as centres and radius more than \(\frac{1}{2}\)YZ, draw arcs to intersect each other at Q.
7. Draw ray AQ.
   Thus, ∠QAB is the required angle of 45°.

Justification:
In example 1, we have already justified that ∠CAB = 90°. So, we do not repeat that part’ here.
Draw QZ and QY.
In ∆ AYQ and ∆ AZQ,
AY = AZ (Radii of same arc)
YQ = ZQ (Radii of congruent arcs)
AQ = AQ (Common)
∴ By SSS rule, ∆ AYQ ≅ ∆ AZQ
∴ ∠QAY = ∠QAZ (CPCT)
But, ∠QAY + ∠QAZ = ∠ZAY = ∠CAB = 90°
∴ ∠QAY = \(\frac{90^{\circ}}{2}\) = 45°
∴ ∠QAB = 45°

Question 3.
Construct the angles of the following measurements:
(i) 30°
Answer:

Steps of construction:

1. Draw any ray AB. With centre A and any radius, draw an arc to intersect AB at X.
2. With centre X and the same radius [as in step (1)], draw an arc to intersect the previous arc at Y. Draw ray AY. Then, ∠YAB = 60°.
3. Draw ray AT, the bisector of ∠YAB.
   Thus, ∠TAB is the required angle of 30°.

(ii) 22\(\frac{1}{2}\)°
Answer:

Steps of construction:

1. Draw any ray AB. Produce AB on the side of A to get line CAB.
2. Taking A as centre and any radius, draw an arc of a circle to intersect line CAB at X and Y.
3. Taking X and Y as centres and radius more than \(\frac{1}{2}\)XY, draw arcs to intersect each other at L on one side of line CAB. Draw ray AL. Then, ∠LAB = 90°.
4. Draw ray AM, the bisector of ∠LAB. Then, ∠MAB = 45°.
5. Draw ray AN, the bisector of ∠MAB. Then, ∠NAB = 22\(\frac{1}{2}\)°.
   Thus, ∠NAB is the required angle of 22\(\frac{1}{2}\)°.

(iii) 15°
Answer:

Steps of construction:

1. Draw any ray AB. Taking A as centre and any radius, draw an arc of a circle to intersect AB at X.
2. Taking X as centre and the same radius as before, draw an arc to intersect the previous arc at Y. Draw ray AY. Then, ∠YAB = 60°.
3. Draw ray AL, the bisector of ∠YAB. Then, ∠LAB = 30°.
4. Draw ray AM, the bisector of ∠LAB. Then, ∠MAB = 15°.
   Thus, ∠MAB is the required angle of 15°.

Question 4.
Construct the following angles and verify by measuring them by a protractor:
(i) 75° and (ii) 105°
Answer:

Steps of construction:

1. Draw any ray AB and produce it on the side of A to get line CAB. Taking A as centre and any radius draw an arc of a circle to intersect line CAB at X and Y.
2. Taking X and Y as centres and radius more than \(\frac{1}{2}\)XY, draw arcs to intersect each other at point L on one side of line CAB. Draw ray AL. Then, ∠LAB = 90°.
3. Taking X as centre and radius AX, draw an arc of a circle to Intersect the first arc (arc XY) with centre A at Z.
4. Draw ray AZ. Then, ∠ZAB = 60°.
5. Now, draw ray AM, the bisector of ∠LAZ. Then, ∠MAB = 75° and ∠MAC = 105°.
   Thus, ∠MAB and ∠MAC are the required angles of measure 75° and 105° respectively.

(iii) 135°
Answer:

Steps of construction:

1. Draw line CAB. Taking A as centre and any radius, draw an arc of a circle to Intersect line CAB at X and Y.
2. Taking X and Y as centres and radius more them \(\frac{1}{2}\)XY, draw arcs to intersect each other at P on one side of line CAB.
3. Draw ray AP Then, ∠PAB = ∠PAC = 90°.
4. Draw ray AQ, the bisector of ∠PAC.
5. Then, ∠QAB = 135°.
   Thus, ∠QAB is the required angle of 135°.

Question 5.
Construct an equilateral triangle, given its side and justify the construction.
Answer:
Line segment XY is given. We have to construct an equilateral triangle with each side being equal to XY.

Steps of construction:

1. Draw any ray BM.
2. With centre B and radius XY, draw an arc of a circle to intersect BM at C.
3. Taking B and C as centres and rhdius XY, draw arcs to intersect each other at A on one side of line AC.
4. Draw AB and AC.
   Thus, ∆ ABC is the required equilateral triangle with each side being equal to XY.

Justification:
The arc drawn with centre B and radius XY intersects ray BM at C. ∴ BC = XY. The arcs drawn with centres B and C and radius XY intersect at A.
∴ AB = XY and AC = XY.
Thus, in ∆ ABC, AB = BC = AC = XY.
Hence, ∆ ABC is an equilateral triangle in which all sides are equal to XY.
Note: If the measure of sides are given numerically, e.g., 4 cm, 5 cm, etc., then we have to use graduated scale instead of straight edge.

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 10 Circles MCQ Questions with Answers.

PSEB 9th Class Maths Chapter 10 Circles MCQ Questions

Multiple Choice Questions and Answer

Answer each question by selecting the proper alternative from those given below each question to make the statement true:

Question 1.
In a circle with centre P, AB and CD are congruent chords. If ∠PAB = 40°, then ∠CPD = ………………..
A. 40°
B. 80°
C. 100°
D. 50°
Answer:
C. 100°

Question 2.
In a circle with radius 5 cm, the length of a chord lying at distance 4 cm from the centre is …………………. cm.
A. 3
B. 6
C. 12
D. 15
Answer:
B. 6

Question 3.
In a circle with radius 13 cm, the length of a chord is 24 cm. Then, the distance of the chord from the centre is ……………….. cm.
A. 10
B. 5
C. 12
D. 6.5
Answer:
B. 5

Question 4.
In a circle with radius 7 cm, the length of a minor arc is always less than ………………… cm.
A. 11
B. 22
C. 15
D. π
Answer:
B. 22

Question 5.
In a circle with centre P, AB is a minor arc. Point R is a point other than A and B on major arc AB. If ∠APB = 150°, then ∠ARB = …………… .
A. 150°
B. 75°
C. 50°
D. 100°
Answer:
B. 75°

Question 6.
In a circle with centre P, AB is a minor arc. Point R is a point other than A and B on major arc AB. If ∠ARB = 80°, then ∠APB = ……………. .
A. 40°
B. 80°
C. 160°
D. 60°
Answer:
C. 160°

Question 7.
In cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, ∠A – ∠C = 20°.
Then, ∠A = ………………. .
A. 20°
B. 80°
C. 100°
D. 50°
Answer:
C. 100°

Question 8.
In cyclic quadrilateral PQRS, 7∠P = 2∠R.
Then, ∠P = ………………….. .
A. 20°
B. 40°
C. 140°
D. 100°
Answer:
B. 40°

Question 9.
The measures of two angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are 40° and HOP. Then, the measures of other two angles of the quadrilateral are ……………….. .
A. 40° and 110°
B. 50° and 100°
C. 140° and 70°
D. 20° and 120°
Answer:
C. 140° and 70°

Question 10.
In cyclic quadrilateral PQRS, ∠SQR = 60° and ∠QPR = 20°. Then, ∠QRS = ……………… .
A. 40°
B. 60°
C. 80°
D. 100°
Answer:
D. 100°

Question 11.
In cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, ∠CAB = 30° and ∠ABC = 100°. Then, ∠ADB =
A. 50°
B. 100°
C. 75°
D. 60°
Answer:
A. 50°

Question 12.
Equilateral ∆ ABC is inscribed in a circle with centre P. Then, ∠BPC = ……………. .
A. 60°
B. 90°
C. 120°
D. 75°
Answer:
C. 120°

Question 13.
∆ ABC is inscribed in a circle with centre O and radius 5 cm and AC is a diameter of the circle. If AB = 8 cm, then BC = ………………… cm.
A. 10
B. 8
C. 6
D. 15
Answer:
C. 6

Question 14.
In cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, ∠A = 70° and ∠B + ∠C = 160°. Then, ∠B = ………………. .
A. 35°
B. 25°
C. 50°
D. 130°
Answer:
C. 50°

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 10 Circles Ex 10.6 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 Circles Ex 10.6

Question 1.
Prove that the line segment joining the centres of two intersecting circles subtends equal angles at the two points of intersection.
Answer:

Circles with centres O and P intersect each other at points A and B.
In ∆ OAP and ∆ OBR
OA = OB (Radii of circle with centre O)
PA = PB (Radii of circle with centre P)
OP = OP (Common)
∴ By SSS rule, ∆ OAP = ∆ OBP
∴ ∠OAP = ∠OBP (CPCT)
Thus, OP subtends equal angles at A and B. Hence, the line segment joining the centres of two intersecting circles subtends equal angles at the two points of intersection.

Question 2.
Two chords AB and CD of lengths 5 cm and 11 cm respectively of a circle are parallel to each other and are on opposite sides of its centre. If the distance between AB and CD is 6 cm, find the radius of the circle.
Answer:

Draw the perpendicular bisector of AB to intersect AB at M and draw the perpendicular bisector of CD to intersect CD at N.
Both these perpendicular bisectors pass through centre O and since AB || CD; M, O and N are collinear points.
Now, MB = \(\frac{1}{2}\)AB = \(\frac{5}{2}\) = 2.5 cm,
CN = \(\frac{1}{2}\)CD = \(\frac{11}{2}\) = 5.5 cm and MN = 6 cm.
Let ON = x cm s
∴ OM = MN – ON = (6 – x) cm
Suppose the radius of the circle is r cm.
∴ OB = OC = r cm
In ∆ OMB, ∠M = 90°
∴OB² = OM² + MB²
∴ r² = (6 – x)² + (2.5)²
∴ r² = 36 – 12x + x² + 6.25 ………….. (1)
In ∆ ONC, ∠N = 90°
∴ OC² = ON² + CN²
∴ r² = (x)² + (5.5)²
∴ r² = x² + 30.25 ………………. (2)
From (1) and (2),
36 – 12x + x² + 6.25 = x² + 30.25
∴ – 12x = 30.25 – 6.25 – 36
∴- 12x = – 12
∴x = 1
Now, r² = x² + 30.25
∴ r² = (1)2 + 30.25
∴ r² = 31.25
∴ r = √31.25 (Approximately 5.6)
Thus, the radius of the circle is √31.25 (approximately 5.6) cm.
Note: If the calculations are carried out in simple fractions, then MB = \(\frac{5}{2}\) cm, CN = \(\frac{11}{2}\) cm and radius is \(\frac{5 \sqrt{5}}{2}\) (approximately 5.6) cm.

Question 3.
The lengths of two parallel chords of a circle are 6 cm and 8 cm. If the smaller chords is at distance 4 cm from the cehtre, what is the distance of the other chord from the centre?
Answer:

In a circle with centre O, chord AB is parallel to chord CD, AB = 8 cm and CD = 6 cm.
Draw OM ⊥ AB, ON ⊥ CD, radius OB and radius OC.
Then, MB = \(\frac{1}{2}\)AB = \(\frac{1}{2}\) × 8 = 4 cm,
NC = \(\frac{1}{2}\)CD = \(\frac{1}{2}\) × 6 = 3cm and ON = 4cm.
In ∆ ONC, ∠N = 90°
∴ OC² = ON² + NC² = 4² + 3² = 16 + 9 = 25
∴ OC = 5 cm
∴ OB = 5 cm (OB = OC = Radius)
In ∆ OMB, ∠M = 90°
∴ OB² = OM² + MB²
∴ 5² = OM² + 4²
∴ 25 = OM² + 16
∴ OM² = 9
∴ OM = 3 cm
Thus, the distance of the other chord from the centre is 3 cm.

Question 4.
Let the vertex of an angle ABC be located outside a circle and let the sides of the angle intersect equal chords AD and CE with the circle. Prove that ∠ABC is equal to half the difference of the angles subtended by the chords AC and DE at the centre.
Answer:

In ∆ ABE, ∠AEC is an exterior angle.
∴ ∠AEC = ∠ABE + ∠BAE
∴ ∠ABE = ∠AEC – ∠BAE
∴ ∠ABC = ∠AEC – ∠DAE ……………. (1)
Now, ∠AEC = \(\frac{1}{2}\) ∠AOC (Theorem 10.8)
and ∠ DAE = \(\frac{1}{2}\) ∠DOE (Theorem 10.8)
Substituting above values in (1),
∠ABC = \(\frac{1}{2}\) ∠AOC – \(\frac{1}{2}\)∠DOE
∴ ∠ABC = \(\frac{1}{2}\) (∠AOC – ∠DOE)
Here, ∠AOC is the angle subtended by chord AC at the centre and ∠DOE is the angle subtended by chord DE at the centre.
Thus, ∠ABC is equal to half the difference of the angles subtended by the chords AC and DE at the centre.
Note: There is no need for chords AD and CE to be equal.

Question 5.
Prove that the circle drawn with any side of a rhombus as diameter passes through the point of intersection of its diagonals.
Answer:

ABCD is a rhombus and its diagonals intersect at M.
∴ ∠BMC is a right angle.
A circle is drawn with diameter BC.
There are three possibilities for point M:
(1) M lies in the interior of the circle,
(2) M lies in the exterior of the circle.
(3) M lies on the circle.
According to (1), if M lies in the interior of the circle, then BM produced will intersect the circle at E. Then, ∠BEC is an angle in a semicircle and hence a right angle, i.e.,
∠MEC = 90°.
In ∆ MEC, ∠ BMC is an exterior angle.
∴ ∠ BMC > ∠ MEC, i.e., ∠ BMC > 90°. In this situation, ∠ BMC is an obtuse angle which contradicts that ∠ BMC = 90°.
Similarly, according to (2), if M lies in the exterior of the circle, then ∠BMC is an acute angle which contradicts that ∠BMC 90°. Thus, possibilities (1) and (2) cannot be true.
Hence, only possibility (3) is true, i.e., M lies on the circle.
Thus, the circle drawn with any side of a rhombus as diameter passes through the point of intersection of its diagonals.

Question 6.
ABCD is a parallelogram. The circle through A, B and C intersects CD (produced if necessary at) E. Prove that AE = AD.
Answer:

Here, the circle through A, B and C intersects CD at E.
∴ Quadrilateral ABCE is cyclic.
ABCD is a parallelogram.
∴ ∠ABC = ∠ADC
∴ ∠ABC = ∠ADE
In cyclic quadrilateral ABCE,
∠ABC + ∠AEC = 180°
∴ ∠ADE + ∠AEC = 180° ……………… (1)
Moreover, ∠AEC and ∠AED form a linear pair.
∴ ∠AED + ∠AEC = 180° ………………. (2)
From (1) and (2),
∠ADE + ∠AEC = ∠AED + ∠AEC
∴ ∠ ADE = ∠ AED
Thus, in ∆ AED, ∠ADE = ∠AED.
∴ AE = AD (Sides opposite to equal angles)
Note: If the circle intersect CD produced, l then also the result can be proved in similar way.

Question 7.
AC and BD are chords of a circle which bisect each other. Prove that (i) AC and BD are diameters, (ii) ABCD is a rectangle.
Answer:

Chords AC and BD of a circle bisect each other at point O.
Hence, the diagonals of quadrilateral ABCD bisect each other.
∴ Quadrilateral ABCD Is a parallelogram.
∴ ∠BAC = ∠ACD (Alternate angles formed by transversal AC of AB || CD)
Moreover, ∠ACD = ∠ABD (Angles in same segment)
∴ ∠BAC = ∠ABD
∴ ∠BAO = ∠ABO
∴ In A OAB, OA = OB.
But, OA = OC and OB = OD
∴ OA = OB = OC = OD
∴ OA + OC = OB + OD
∴ AC = BD
Thus, the diagonals of parallelogram ABCD are equal.
∴ ABCD is a rectangle.
∴ ∠ABC = 90°
Hence, ∠ABC is an angle in a semicircle and AC is a diameter.
Similarly, ∠BAD = 90°.
Hence, ∠BAD is an angle in a semicircle and BD is a diameter.

Question 8.
Bisectors of angles A, B and C of a triangle ABC intersect its circumcircle at D, E and F respectively. Prove that the angles of the triangle DEF are 90° – \(\frac{1}{2}\)A, 90° – \(\frac{1}{2}\)B and 90° – \(\frac{1}{2}\)C.
Answer:

The bisectors of ∠A, ∠B and ∠ C of ∆ ABC intersect the circumcircle of ∆ ABC at D, E and F respectively. .
∠FDE = ∠FDA + ∠EDA (Adjacent angles)
= ∠ FCA + ∠ EBA (Angles in same segment)
= \(\frac{1}{2}\)∠C + \(\frac{1}{2}\)∠B (Bisector of angles in ∆ ABC)
= \(\frac{1}{2}\)(∠ B + ∠ C)
= \(\frac{1}{2}\)(180° – ∠A) [∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°)
= 90° – \(\frac{1}{2}\) ∠A
Thus, ∠FDE = 90° – \(\frac{1}{2}\) ∠A.
Similarly, ∠ DEF = 90° – \(\frac{1}{2}\) ∠B and
∠ EFD = 90° – \(\frac{1}{2}\) ∠C.

Question 9.
Two congruent circles intersect each Other at points A and B. Through A any line segment PAQ is drawn so that P 9 lie-on. , the two circles. Prove that BP = BQ.
Answer:

Two congruent circles with centres X and Y intersect at A and B.
Hence, AB is their common chord.
In congruent circles, equal chords subtend equal angles at the centres.
∴ ∠AXB = ∠AYB
In the circle with centre X, ∠AXB = 2∠APB and in the circle with centre Y, ∠AYB = 2∠AQB.
∴ 2∠ APB = 2∠ AQB
∴ ∠APB = ∠AQB
∴ ∠QPB = ∠PQB
Thus, in ∆ BPQ, ∠QPB = ∠PQB
∴ QB = PB (Sides opposite to equal angles)
Hence, BP = BQ.

Question 10.
In any triangle ABC, if the angle bisector of ∠A and perpendicular bisector of BC intersect, prove that they intersect on the circumcircle of the triangle ABC.
Answer:

In ∆ ABC, the bisector of ∠A intersects the circumcircle of ∆ ABC at D.
∴∠BAD = ∠CAD
Aso, ∠BAD = ∠BCD and ∠CAD = ∠CBD (Angles in same segment)
∴ ∠BCD = ∠CBD
Thus, in ∆ BCD, ∠BCD = ∠CBD
∴BD = CD (Sides opposite to equal angles)
Thus, point D is equidistant from B and C.
Hence, D is a point on the perpendicular bisector of BC.
Thus, the bisector of ∠ A and the perpendicular bisector of side BC intersect at D and D is a point on the circumcircle of ∆ ABC.
Thus, in ∆ ABC, if the angle bisector of ∠A and the perpendicular bisector of side BC intersect, they intersect on the circumcircle of ∆ ABC.
Note: In ∆ ABC, if AB = AC, then the bisector of ∠A and the perpendicular bisector of side BC will coincide , and would not intersect in a single point.

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class English Book Solutions English E-mail Message Writing Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 9th Class English E-mail Message Writing

Inviting friend to Watch a Play

Suppose you are Surjit Singh. Write an e-mail to your friend, Vipin Goyal, inviting him to watch a play.

Hi Vipin.
I am going to Government College for Women, Amritsar, to watch a play on 6 July, 20 – -.
Would you like to come? Let me know by Tuesday so that I can buy your ticket too.
Love
Surjit Singh.

House for Rent

Suppose you are Ramneek. Write an e-mail to your cousin, Darshan Pal, to put up a notice on his college notice-board to rent out your house.

Dear Pal
My father wants to rent our the Second floor of our house. There are two rooms, a kitchen and two attached bathrooms. He should like to have ₹ 2000 as rent. He will rake two months’ rent in advance. He warns to rent out the house to students. Please put up a notice on your college notice-board.
Regards
Ramneek.

Congratulation on Engagement

Suppose you are Shvinder Gill. Write an e-mail to your friend, Alok Wasn, congratulating him on his engagement.

Hi Alok
I have learnt that you are engaged. Congratulating! who is the lucky girl? who does she live and what does she do? Let me know when are you getting married? Is the dare fixed.
Love
Shivinder Gill.

Trip to the South

Suppose you are Varsha Gill. Write an e-mail to your friend, Asha Lakhpal, describing your visit to the south.

Hello Asha
Sorry, I couldn’t write to you earlier. I visited the south with my friend last month. We spent eight days there. We liked the Meenakshi Temple ar Madurai very much. The sunset at Kanyakumari was fascinating. We also went to Aurbindo Ashratn at Puducherry. It was very powerful there.
Love
Varsha.

E-mail (electronic mail) is the medium of communication that sends and receives messages through a specially designed computer network. With the revolution in information technology along with the rapid growth of the Internet, e-mail has become the most popular medium of communication. More and more people are using e-mail to send their messages. Due to its high speed, efficiency and low cost, e-mail has become one of the most important channels of communication. As e-mails are faster than letters, they are used for a quick transmission of all sorts of information.

Specimen of an Informal E-mail

Hi Paul
Sorry to say I’ll he a bit late for tonight’s rehearsal as something’s come up at home and I won’t be able to get away on time. I hope to make it by 7.15.
D. Paul.

Specimen of an Formal E-mail

Dear Ms. Maya
The books you ordered last week are now in stock and awaiting collection. I attach a list of the course books currently in stock at the bookshop.
Julie
Assistant Manage!

HFI Bookshop
Tel : 01123318301
Fax : 01123317931

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class English Book Solutions English Note-Making & Messages Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 9th Class English Note-Making & Messages

Note-making

का अर्थ है किसी पैरे की मुख्य बातों को संक्षिप्त और साफ-सुथरे ढंग से प्रस्तुत करना। अच्छे Notes में निम्नलिखित विशेषताएं होती है –
1. वे संक्षिप्त होते हैं।

2. केवल प्रासंगिक बातें ही उनमें दी जाती हैं।

3. केवल शब्दों या वाक्यांशों का प्रयोग ही किया जाता है। पूरे वाक्यों की आमतौर पर आवश्यकता नहीं होती। अन्य शब्दों में हम कह सकते हैं कि Notes बनाते समय प्रयुक्त भाषा व्याकरण की दृष्टि से पूरी तरह सही नहीं भी हो सकती।

4. सूचना को सूचीबद्ध ढंग से प्रस्तुत किया जाता है। इसे विभाजित व उपविभाजित किया जाता है। विभाजन निम्न प्रकार से हो सकता है –
मुख्य खण्ड : 1, 2, 3, इत्यादि।
उपखण्ड : a, b, c, इत्यादि।

Passage 1:

If the young students in schools and colleges do not learn discipline, they will never be able to extract’ obedience from others in society. In fact, society will never accept them as persons fit for any responsible position in life. A school or college without discipline can never impart? suitable education to students.

Such a school or college is no better than a factory that turns out imperfect’ men and women. Sense of discipline plays a very important part in the playground and the battlefield. A disciplined team is likely to win the match in spite of its weakness but a very good team may not fare well for want of discipline. The rule of discipline equally applies to soldiers in the battlefield.

Read the above passage carefully and make notes on it in points only, using headings and sub-headings.
Answer:
1. Need for discipline in schools and colleges for good education.
2. Indisciplined students fail’ to win any respect or position later on in their life.
3. Importance of discipline, for players on the playground
4. Importance of discipline, for soldiers in the battlefield.

Passage 2

Early rising leads to health and happiness. The man who rises late, can have little rest in the course of the day. Anyone who lies in bed late is compelled to work till a late hour in the evening. He has to go without the morning exercise which is so necessary for his health. In spite of all efforts’, his work will not produce as good results as that of the early riser. The reason for this is that he cannot take advantage of the refreshing hours in the morning.

Some people say that the quiet hour of midnight is the best time for working. Several great thinkers say that they can write best only when they burn the midnight oil. Yet it is true to say that few men have a clear brain at midnight when the body needs rest and sleep. Those who work at that time soon ruin their health. Bad health must, in the long run, have a bad effect on the quality of their work.

Read the above passage carefully and make notes on it in points only, using headings and sub-headings.
Answer:
1. Advantages of early rising :
(i) health
(ii) Disadvantages

2. Disadvantages of late rising
(i) work till late in the evening
(ii) go without morning exercise
(iii) work not done properly.

(3) (i) Burning midnight oil bad for health.
(ii) Bad health, poor quality of our work.

Passage 3

Games, though essential, should not become the be-all and end-all of student life. Generally, the sportsmen waste too much time on them, and fail in their examinations. One must never devote more than an hour to sports and after that, one should not even think about them. Again, if a player plays a game rashly’, there is every danger of breaking bones.

If it is played without the spirit of sportsmanship, it can lead to bad blood and quarrels. In some of the colleges, there is a tradition that if the visiting team is winning a match, the home team plays foul, picks a quarrel and breaks the bones of the visitors. But in spite of these minor defects, sports are very useful in keeping the students busy and in developing their personalities.

India expects its citizens to have the qualities of true sportsmen. If we all acquire these qualities, there will be no narrow-mindedness, no corruption, and no injustice. There will be independence in the real sense of the word.

Read the given passage carefully and make notes on it in points only, using headings and sub-headings.

1. Sports essential for students, but not the be-all and end-all.
2. Wasting too much time → failure in examinations.
3. Playing rashly → breaking of bones.
4. Lack of sportsmanship → quarrels between teams.
5. True sportsmanship can end narrow – mindedness, corruption and injustice.

Passage 4

Of all amusements which can possibly be imagined for a hard-working man after his daily toil, there is nothing like reading an entertaining book. It calls for no bodily exertion of which he has had enough. It relieves his home of its dullness. It transports him to a livelier and more interesting scene, and while he enjoys himself there, he may forget the evils of the present moment.

It accompanies him to his next day’s work and if the book he has been reading be anything above the very idlest and the dullest, it gives him something to think about besides the drudgery of his everyday occupation. If I were to pray for a taste which should stand me in good stead under every variety of circumstances and be. a source of happiness and cheerfulness through life, it would be a taste for reading.

Give a man this taste,.and the means of gratifying it, and you can hardly fail to make him happy unless indeed you put into his hand a most perverse selection of books.

Read the above passage carefully and make notes on it in points only, using headings and sub-headings.
Answer:
1. Reading of an interesting book a good diversion after the day’s hard work.
2. (i) Removes dullness of home,
(ii) Transports one into a livelier world.
3. (i) A good book food for thought.
(ii) Stands in good srcad under every circumstance.
4. Taste for reading, a source of great happiness.

Passage -5

English is important not because a number of people know it in India, although it is a factor to be remembered. It is not important because it is the language of Milton and Shakespeare, although that has to be considered. English is important because it is the major window for us on the modern world. And we dare not close that window. If we close it, we imperil our future. We think of Industrialisation, scientific development, research and technology.

But every door of modern knowledge will be closed if we do not have one or more foreign languages. We need not have English : we can have Russian, French or German, if you like, but obviously it is infinitely simpler for us to deal with a language which we know than to shift over to Russian, French or German which will be a tremendous job.
Certainly, we want to learn foreign languages, because we deal with the people of those languages in business, trade and science. So in the present stage of our development, we cannot go ahead without English and other foreign languages.

Read the above passage carefully and make notes on it in points only, using headings and sub-headings.
Answer:
1. Mistakes do little harm

• when admitted.
• set tight before they a do any carnage

2. Delay in admitting mistakes

• harmful for the task in hand.
• harmful for the reputation.

3. Person who admits his mistakes

• is liked by everybody
• wins the confidence and respect of others.

4. Person who hides his mistakes

• is considered a fool.
• nobody likes him

Passage – 7

Teachers have a great responsibility at this time when our society is undergoing transformation. The future of the teaching profession in India will depend on the decision which the teachers take on vital questions relating to social change. In normal times, when society is comparatively more stable, the teachers’ primary task is transmitting culture. But in a period of transition, like the one through which we are passing, they have sometimes to set aside the culture in which they live, make a proper appraisal9 of it, pick out its salient features and reinterpret them for the new generation. The oncoming generations can rise to a high level of wisdom and cultivation only when teachers guide them carefully during this period of change.

Read the given passage carefully and make notes on it in points only, using headings and sub-headings.
Answer:
A. Teachers’ role in normal times :

• transmitting culture.

B. Modern rimes :

• not normal
• a period of transition.

C. teacher roles:

• proper appraisal of old culture
• pick out its salient features
•  re-interpreting them for future generations.

Passage – 8
Each one of us must realize that the only future for India and her people is one of tolerance and co-operation, which have been the basis of our culture for ages past. We have laid down in our constitution that Indians a Secular State. This does not mean irreligion. It means equal respect for all faiths and equal opportunities for those who profess different faiths. We have, therefore, always to keep in mind this vital aspect of our culture which is also of the highest importance in India today. Those who put up barriers between one Indian and another and who promote disruptive tendencies do not serve the cause of India and her culture. They weaken us at home and discredit us abroad.
Read the above passage carefully and make notes on it in points only, using headings and sub-headings.
Answer
(A) Tolerance and co-operation

• basis of our past culture
• pillars of our future

(B) Secularism

• equal respect for all faiths
• equal opportunities
• of highest importance in present-day India.

(C) Disruptive tendencies

• serve no cause
• discredit the country

Passage – 9

As a result of a long series of discoveries, mans life has been altered more radically and more rapidly during the last one hundred and fifty years than during the whole of the preceding two thousand years. In what ways does this alteration chiefly show itself ? In the first place, most of the external enemies to which our species in the past had been exposed are either overcome or are in a fair way to being overcome.

Look back over mans life in the past and you cannot but realize what sordid, meagre, frightened affair it must have been. His crops and, therefore, his livelihood have been at the mercy of forces which he could neither understand nor control; forces of fire and flood, of earthquake and drought; his communities were swept by pestilence and famine; and with the sweat of his brow, he wrung meager sustenance from nature. Today, thanks to science, all these enemies to man’s well-being have either disappeared or have been reduced to comparative impotence.

Read the above passage carefully and make notes on it in points only, using headings and sub-headings.
Answer
1. Discoveries of science during the
2. Man’s life completely changed.
3. External enemies overpowered :

• floods and fires
• earthquakes
• famines.
• pestilence

4. Now getting one’s livelihood not so difficult as it used to bo’

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class English Book Solutions English Reading Comprehension  Picture/Poster Based Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 9th Class English Reading Comprehension Picture/Poster Based

Answers have been given at the end of this set.

Look at these pictures and answer the questions given below :

Choose the correct option to answer each question.

Question 1.
Who did the fox invite to dinner ?
(a) The duck.
(b) The crane.
(c) The vixen.
(d) The deer.
Answer:
(b) The crane.

Question 2.
What did he serve his guest in the dinner ?
(a) Fruits.
(b) Meat.
(c) Soup.
(d) Eggs.
Answer:
(c) Soup.

Question 3.
The fox was very cunning. He placed a …….. before his guest.
(a) deep bowl
(b) flat dish
(c) narrow jar
(d) sound pitcher.
Answer:
(b) flat dish

Question 4.
What did the crane serve the fox when he invited the fox to dinner ?
(a) Cake.
(b) Milk.
(c) Rice.
(d) Chicken Curry
Answer:
(c) Rice.

Question 5.
The fox had to go hungry. Why ?
(a) Because the crane served the rice in a narrrow jar.
(b) Because the fox could not put his mouth in the narrow jar.
(c) Both (a) and (b).
(d) Neither (a) nor (b).
Answer:
(c) Both (a) and (b).

Look at these pictures and answer the questions given below :

Choose the correct option to answer each question.

Question 1.
An elephant and a ………. were very good friends.
(a) barber
(b) carpenter
(c) tailor
(d) cobbler
Answer:
(c) tailor

Question 2.
While going to the pond for water, the elephant would daily ………….
(a) stop at the tailor’s shop
(b) have a banana from the tailor
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) neither (a) nor (b).
Answer:
(c) both (a) and (b)

Question 3.
One day when the elephant put his trunk into the shop,
(a) the tailor gave him a banana
(b) the tailor’s son gave him a banana
(c) the tailor pricked a needle into it
(d) the tailor’s son pricked a needle into it.
Answer:
(d) the tailor’s son pricked a needle into it.

Question 4.
The elephant had his revenge by ……….
(a) filling his trunk with muddy water
(b) throwing muddy water in the tailor’s shop
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) neither (a) nor (b).
Answer:
(b) throwing muddy water in the tailor’s shop

Question 5.
The moral conveyed through these picture is ……….
(a) Might is right.
(b) Tit for tat.
(c) Do good have good.
(d) No pains no gains.
Answer:
(b) Tit for tat.

Look at these pictures and answer the questions given below :

Choose the correct option to answer each question :

Question 1.
The man is this picture is the famous cricketer
(a) Virat Kohli
(b) Irfan Pathan
(c) Sachin Tendulkar
(d) Mahendra Singh Dhoni.
Answer:
(c) Sachin Tendulkar

Question 2.
He is popularly known as ……. of cricket.
(a) Master Bowler
(b) Master Blaster
(c) Master Batsman
(d) Master Crickter.
Answer:
(b) Master Blaster

Question 3.
At the age of sixteen, he made his international debut against
(a) England
(b) Australia
(c) Sri Lanka
(d) Pakistan.
Answer:
(d) Pakistan.

Question 4.
Sachin took retirement from cricket in
(a) 2005
(b) 2018
(c) 2020
(d) 2013.
Answer:
(d) 2013.

Question 5.
Sachin Tendulkar was honoured with many prestigious awards like
(a) Arjuna Award and Rajiv Khel Ratna
(b) Padma Shri and Bharat Ratna
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Neither (a) nor (b)
Answer:
(c) Both (a) and (b)

Look at this poster and answer the questions given below :

Choose the correct option to answer each question :

Question 1.
For what purpose is this poster designed ?
(a) To promote education for boys.
(b) To promote education for girls.
(c) To provide employment for boys.
(d) To provide employment for girls.
Answer:
(b) To promote education for girls.

Question 2.
Girls and boys have ……….. to education.
(a) no right
(b) equal right
(c) no interest
(d) equal interest.
Answer:
(b) equal right

Question 3.
How can the nation’s progress be accelerated ?
(a) By educating the boys.
(b) By educating the girls
(c) Both (a) and (b).
(d) Neither (a) nor (b).
Answer:
(c) Both (a) and (b).

Question 4.
We should not …….. the girls their rights.
(a) excuse
(b) give
(c) accept
(d) deny.
Answer:
(d) deny.

Question 5.
This poster teaches us to stop ……….
(a) the evil of dowry
(b) the evil of female foeticide
(c) the evil of bride burning
(d) the evil of gender discrimation.
Answer:
(b) the evil of female foeticide

Look at these pictures and answer the questions given below :

Choose the correct option to answer each question :

Question 1.
Why did the fox jump into the well to drink water ?
(a) Because the water was very low.
(b) Because he wanted to eat the goat.
(c) Because he wanted to have a bath.
(d) None of these three.
Answer:
(a) Because the water was very low.

Question 2.
The fox drank water and ……….
(a) drenched his thirst
(b) quenched his thirst
(c) satisfied his thirst
(d) toasted his thirst.
Answer:
(b) quenched his thirst

Question 3.
How did the fox succeed in be fooling the goat who was passing that way ?
(a) He told the goat that it was very hot outside.
(b) He told the goat that it was very cold inside the well.
(c) He told that the water was very sweet.
(d) All of these three.
Answer:
(d) All of these three.

Question 4.
What happened when the foolished goat jumped into the well ?
(a) The fox at once climbed over her back.
(b) The fox jumped out of the well.
(c) Both (a) and (b).
(d) Neither (a) nor (b).
Answer:
(c) Both (a) and (b).

Question 5.
The moral of this story is
(a) As you sow so shall you reap
(b) Think before you speak.
(c) Look before you leap.
(d) All that glitters is not gold.
Answer:
(c) Look before you leap.

Look at these pictures and answer the questions given below :

Choose the correct option to answer each question :

Question 1.
Once upon a time a shepherd-boy ……… the sheep of the villagers.
(a) looked into
(b) looked after
(c) looked at
(d) looked for.
Answer:
(b) looked after

Question 2.
What mischief did he make one day ?
(a) He climbed up a tree.
(b) He started crying, “Wolf! Wolf!’’
(c) He shouted for help.
(d) All of these three.
Answer
(d) All of these three.

Question 3.
Why did the villagers who came to help the boy become cross with him ?
(a) Because they found no wolf there.
(b) Because the boy told them that he had shouted in fun only.
(c) Both (a) and (b).
(d) Neithor (a) nor (b).
Answer:
(c) Both (a) and (b).

Question 4.
What happened when a wolf really came there.
(a) The boy shouted for help but nobody came.
(b) The villagers didn’t believe the boy’s cries as he had be fooled them once.
(c) The wolf sprang upon the boy and. tore him to pieces.
(d) All of these three.
Answer:
(d) All of these three.

Question 5.
The moral of the story is —
(a) No pain no gain.
(b) Never give up hope in the hour of difficulty.
(c) Once a liar, always a liar
(d) Think before you speak.
Answer:
(c) Once a liar, always a liar

Look at these pictures and answer the questions given below :

Choose die correct option to answer each question:

Question 1.
An old farmer had three sons who were ………..
(a) very active
(b) very idle
(c) very naughty
(d) very hardworking.
Answer:
(b) very idle

Question 2.
What did the farmer said to sons before his death?
(a) He asked them to work hard in their uk.
(b) He asked them not to fight with each other after his death.
(c) He told them that there was a big treasure in his field.
(d) He asked them to live together happily.
Answer:
(c) He told them that there was a big treasure in his field.

Question 3.
What happened when the sons dig their field ?
(a) They found there a big treasure.
(b) They found there no treasure.
(c) They found there tools of farming.
(d) None of these three.
Answer:
(b) They found there no treasure.

Question 4.
What did the old man ask them to do?
(a) He asked them to sell that field to him.
(b) He asked them to sow seeds in their field.
(c) He asked them to dig their field more deeply.
(d) Any of these three.
Answer:
(b) He asked them to sow seeds in their field.

Question 5.
What happened when the Sons sow seeds in their field?
(a) There was a good crop that year.
(b) They got a lot of money for it.
(c) Both (a) and (b).
(d) Neither (a) nor (b).
Answer:
(c) Both (a) and (b).

Question 6.
The moral of this story is ……
(a) Do good find good.
(b) As you sow, so shall you reap.
(c) Hard work is the key to success.
(d) Hard work is man’s greatest treasure.
Answer:
(d) Hard work is man’s greatest treasure.

Look at these pictures and answer the questions given below:

Choose the correct option to answer each question :

Question 1.
What was the capseller doing in a forest ?
(a) He was passing through the forest to reach a village.
(b) He lay down under a tree to take some rest.
(c) He went there to sell his caps.
(d) Both (a) and (b).
Answer:
(d) Both (a) and (b).

Question 2.
What happened when the capseller fell asleep ?
(a) Some monkeys came there.
(b) The monkeys untied the bundle of caps.
(c) The monkeys took away all the caps.
(d) All of these three.
Answer:
(d) All of these three.

Question 3.
What did the capseller see when he woke up ?
(a) He found all his caps missing.
(b) He found the monkeys wearing his caps.
(c) Both (a) and (b).
(d) Neither (a) nor (b).
Answer:
(c) Both (a) and (b).

Question 4.
What did he do to recover his caps ?
(a) He took off his caps and threw it down.
(b) The monkeys imitated him.
(c) The monkey threw down their caps.
(d) All of these three.
Answer:
(d) All of these three.

Question 5.
The moral of the story is ………
(a) Tit for tat.
(b) A stitch in time saves nine.
(c) God helps those who help themselves.
(d) Never give up hope in the hour of difficulty.
Answer:
(d) Never give up hope in the hour of difficulty.