Class 9

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Book Solutions Chapter 5 Quality Control of Seeds, Fertilizers and Insecticides Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Agriculture Chapter 5 Quality Control of Seeds, Fertilizers and Insecticides

Agriculture Guide for Class 9 PSEB Quality Control of Seeds, Fertilizers and Insecticides Textbook Questions and Answers

(A) Answer in 1-2 words:

Question 1.
Name the Act to control the quality of seeds.
Answer:
Seed Control Order 1983.

Question 2.
Name the Act of controlling the quality of fertilizers.
Answer:
Fertilizers Control Order, 1985

Question 3.
Name the places where laboratories for checking the quality of fertilizers are located?
Answer:
Ludhiana and Faridkot.

Question 4.
Name the Act to control the quality of insecticides.
Answer:
Insecticides Act-1968.

Question 5.
Who gives advice to Government of India regarding implementation of insecticide act 9
Answer:
Central Insecticide Board.

Question 6.
Name the places where laboratories to check quality of insecticides are located?
Answer:
Ludhiana, Bathinda, Amritsar.

Question 7.
Who gives permission to import pesticides from foreign countries?
Answer:
Central Registration Committee.

Question 8.
Under Insecticide Act who is declared as Insecticide Inspector?
Answer:
ADO (Agricultural Development Officer) is declared as Insecticide Inspector.

Question 9.
To whom shall you file a complaint against a dealer who sells low quality fertilizer?
Answer:
Chief Agricultural Officer.

Question 10.
Name the item for which TL label is used?
Answer:
For seeds it is labelled as truthfully labelled (TL).

(B) Answer in 1-2 sentences:

Question 1.
Why the quality control of fertilizers is important?
Answer:
Fertilizers play an important role in the agriculture. It is given to the crop so that the plants can develop properly. If fertilizers are not of good quality, it will badly affect the growth of the plants. All the hard work will go in vain. Therefore, Quality Control of Fertilizers is very important.

Question 2.
Why the quality .control of seeds is important?
Answer:
If seeds are not of good quality the produce will also be of lower quality and yield is also less. All the hard work will go in vain and farmer will not get expected price and profit. Therefore, seeds should be of good quality.

Question 3.
Name the commodities related to agriculture which are included under Essential Commodities Act?
Answer:
Government of India has included three main commodities : seeds, fertilizers and insecticides under Essential Commodities Act.

Question 4.
Name the laws which are implemented to control the quality of seeds, fertilizers and insecticides?
Answer:
For seeds it is Seed Control Order-1983, for fertilizers it is Fertilizer Control Order-1985, for insecticides it is Insecticides Act-1968.

Question 5.
What are the rights of seed inspector for controlling the quality of seeds?
Answer:
Seed Inspector can check stock, sale, purchase and ask for the information about the, seeds in the store from the dealer. He can search the seed store or shop. He can take samples of seeds and send them to the testing laboratories. If some fault is found he can ban the sale of the seeds. He can take possession of the documents related to seeds and can check them. In case shop keeper is found guilty, inspector can cancel the licence of the shop-keeper.

Question 6.
What are the rights of a farmer under Seed Control Order?
Answer:
Under this act, rights of the farmers who purchase the seeds are protected and secured. In case of low quality, fake or damaged seeds, farmer can get compensation for his expenditure occurred on seeds. If buyer feels that crop failure has occurred due to the low quality of seeds sold to him’by the seed dealer; he can file written complaint against the dealer to the Seed Inspector.

Question 7.
What evidence is required to file a complaint against dealer who sold low quality seeds ?
Answer:
Following evidences are required to file a complaint against dealer who sold low quality seeds :

• Receipt or bill given by dealer at the time of purchase of seeds.
• Label, tagged on the bags of seed.
• Empty seed bag or container or packet.
• Sample taken from purchased seeds.

Question 8.
Name the law for assurance of quality of fertilizers. Name the officer of agriculture department deputed for the proper implementation of this act.
Answer:
The law for assurance of quality of fertilizers is Fertilizer Control Order-1985. The implementation of this order in Punjab is done by Director, Department of Agriculture through Agriculture Officer and Agriculture Development Officer (ADO).

Question 9.
To check the quality of insecticides, what are the important actions taken by an Insecticide Inspector ?
Answer:
Insecticide inspector can do inspection of insecticide shops, godowns, sale centres and other related places which fall under his jurisdiction. He can collect samples of insecticides and send them to laboratories located at Ludhiana, Bathinda and Amritsar for investigation. He can check the stock to know about the expiry date of the chemicals sold by the dealer. He can also verify the weight and other such related facts. He can cancel the licence in case the dealer is found guilty of breaking the laws.

Question 10.
Write about Article-7 of Seed Act.
Answer:
This act is related to the selling of seeds. This act protects the rights of the farmers and prevents the dealer to sell low quality or damaged seed. Under Article-7 of the Seed Act, dealer can sell only notified seeds.

(C) Answer in 5-6 sentences:

Question 1.
Why is it important to control the quality of seeds, fertilizers and insecticides?
Answer:
For profitable farming three important things are required which are seeds, fertilizers and insecticides. All these three commodities are equally very important in profitable farming. These all should be of good quality. Fertilizers play an important role in the agriculture. It is applied so that the plants can develop properly. If fertilizers are not of good quality, it will badly affect the growth of the plants. All the hard work will go in vain. Therefore, Quality Control of Fertilizers is very important. If seeds are not of good quality the produce will also be of lower quality and yield is also less. All the hard work will go in vain and farmer will not get expected price and profit. Therefore, seeds should be of good quality. If these three are not of good quality then expenditure occured by profit is not upto the expectation, these will not be able to control the weeds, insects etc. Insects will damage the crop. It is very important to control the quality of seeds, fertilizers and insecticides.

Question 2.
How the quality of insecticides is controlled with the help of Insecticide Act?
Answer:
This act was passed in 1968 and was implemented in whole of the country. This act was implemented to check adulteration and discrepancies in the insecticides. According to this act, outdated expired and packs or bottles weighing less of insecticides cannot be sold. Government of Punjab has given authority to provide licence to dealers to the Chief Agriculture Officer at district level. ADO is declared as insecticide inspector who can check shops, godowns and sale centres of insecticides and can collect sample for sending to laboratories for investigation. Laboratories are located at Ludhiana, Amritsar, Bathinda. Those who are found flouting the act, legal action can be taken against them and their licence can be cancelled.

Question 3.
Describe the five main articles of seed control order?
Answer:
1. Right to give licence: According to this order, the state Government can appoint any officer who is suitable according to government as licence officer and also decide his jurisdiction area. In Punjab this right is given to department of Agriculture.

2. Seed Inspector: Under this act, State Government has appointed Agriculture Development Officer as seed inspector and also notified their jurisdiction and powers. Seed inspector can ask for any type of information from the dealer e.g., he can check stock of seeds, purchase of seeds, sale of seeds etc. Seed inspector can take samples of seeds and can check the seed shops. He can send the samples to the seed testing laboratories. If the dealer is found to flout the laws, seed inspector can restrict the sale of the seeds and can also take documents related with seeds in his possession. He can write to licence officer for cancelling of the licence of the dealer.

3. Rights of Farmers: Under this act, rights of the farmers who’ purchase the seeds are protected and secured. In case of low quality, fake or damaged seeds, farmer can get compensation for his expenditure on seeds. If buyer feels that crop failure has occured due to the low quality of seeds sold to him by the seed dealer; he can file written complaint against the dealer to the Seed Inspector.

Following evidences are required to file a complaint against dealer who sold low quality seeds :

• Receipt or bill given by dealer at the time of purchase of seeds.
• Label, tagged on the bags of seed.
• Empty seed bag or container or packet.
• Sample taken from purchased seeds.

4. Law regarding sale of seeds: Article-7 of the Seed Act, allows sale of only notified seeds. Seeds should be properly packed and labelled. Pack of seeds should have attached with it a label of certified seeds or truthfully (TL) seeds.

5. Certification of Seeds. Producer of the seeds if wants can get certification for the seeds produced by him.

Question 4.
What are the rights that are enjoyed by the farmers under Seed Control Order ?
Answer:
Answer yourself.

Question 5.
Name three products required for the development of agriculture and also give a brief description about their quality control.
Answer:
Answer yourself.

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
When was Seed Control Act passed?
Answer:
1983.

Question 2.
When was Fertilizer Control Act passed?
Answer:
1985.

Question 3.
Who implements Seed, fertilizer, pesticide related acts in Punjab?
Answer:
Department of Agriculure, Punjab.

Question 4.
Which quality label is attached with the sealed packets, containers or bags of seeds?
Answer:
T.L. (Truthfully Labelled) or Certified seeds.

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
When was Insecticide Act passed?
Answer:
This act was passed in 1968 and was implemented in whole of the country.

Question 2.
To whom Punjab Government has given the authority to give license to the dealer for selling insecticides?
Answer:
Punjab Government has given the authority to Chief Agriculture Officer of respective districts to give license to the dealer for selling insecticides.

Question 3.
Which points should be kept in mind while purchasing insecticides?
Answer:
Farmer should get receipt of the purchased insecticide. Containers and bottels containing insecticides should be porperly sealed. Farmer should check the expiry date on the container. In case of any doubt or problem contact Agriculture Development Officer or Chief Agriculture Officer.

Long Answer Type Question:

Question 1.
What is the meaning of Fertilizer Control Order 1985? How is it helpful in the Quality Control of Fertilizers?
Answer:
Fertilizer Control Order-1985 was made for assuring quality and correct weight of the fertilizers and also to prevent sale of adulterated fertilizers. It also prevents the sale of low-quality and non-certified fertilizers. Dealer has to get license for sale of fertilizers from the Chief Agriculture Officer of the district.

For checking the quality of fertilizers, monitoring is done at various levels. Dealers are not allowed to sell the fertilizers which are below specific standards. Competent authorities have been given proper rights to check the quality of fertilizers. They can check and inspect the fertilizer factories and dealers or shopkeepers which fall under their jurisdiction. If needed inspectors can take samples of fertilizers and send them to testing laboratories. Those dealers or shopkeepers who defy the law, their license can be cancelled and legal action can be taken against them.

PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Guide Quality Control of Seeds, Fertilizers and Insecticides Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Fertilizer testing laboratories are located at:
(a) Ludhiana
(b) Kapurthala
(c) Jalandhar
(d) None
Answer:
(a) Ludhiana

2. Insecticide testing laboratories are located at:
(a) Ludhiana
(b) Bathinda
(c) Amritsar
(d) All correct
Answer:
(d) All correct

3. Seed control order was made in:
(a) 1980
(b) 1983
(c) 1950
(d) 1995
Answer:
(b) 1983

4. Insecticide Act was made in :
(a) 1950
(b) 1968
(c) 1990
(d) 2000
Answer:
(b) 1968

5. Fertilizer control order was made in :
(a) 1985
(b) 1968
(c) 1995
(d) 1989
Answer:
(a) 1985

True/False:

1. For profitable farming main commodities required are seeds, fertilizers, and insecticides.
Answer:
True

2. Insecticides Act was not made in 1968.
Answer:
False

3. Government of India has made certain laws under the Essential Commodities Act.
Answer:
True

4. These acts are Seed Control Order, Fertilizer Control Order, Insecticides Act.
Answer:
True

5. Under article 7 of the Seed Act, notified seeds can not be sold.
Answer:
False

Fill in the Blanks:

1. Fertilizer testing laboratories are located at …………….. and ……………..
Answer:
Ludhiana, Faridkot

2. Fertilizer Control Order was made in …………….. which is used to prevent adultration, low quality and non-certified fertilizers, and to ensure quality and corrupt weight of fertilizers.
Answer:
1985

3. Insecticides samples are sent to the laboratories located at Ludhiana, Bathinda, …………….. for testing.
Answer:
Amritsar

4. Central Insecticide Board gives advice to …………….. to implement the laws.
Answer:
government

5. Central Registration Committee provides registration for the …………….. of agrochemicals and also provides permission for their import and export.
Answer:
manufacturing

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Book Solutions Chapter 3 Flower Cultivation Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Agriculture Chapter 3 Flower Cultivation

Agriculture Guide for Class 9 PSEB Flower Cultivation Textbook Questions and Answers

(A) Answer 1-2 words:

Question 1.
Which is the major cut flower crop?
Answer:
Gladiolus.

Question 2.
Which is the major loose flower crop?
Answer:
Marigold.

Question 3.
How much area is under flower crops in Punjab?
Answer:
The area under cultivation of flowers in Punjab is around 2160 hectares out of which 1300 hectares area is under fresh flowers.

Question 4.
What are different types of flowering crops being cultivated in Punjab?
Answer:
Divided into two categories :

• Loose flowers
• Cut flowers.

Question 5.
When Gladiolus corms are planted in the field?
Answer:
September to mid-November.

Question 6.
Which month is suitable for making Chrysanthemum cuttings?
Answer:
End June to mid-July.

Question 7.
How Gerbera is propagated?
Answer:
Through tissue culture.

Question 8.
Which color of the rose is widely grown for loose flower production?
Answer:
Red Rose.

Question 9.
Which flowers are used for the extraction of oil?
Answer:
Flowers of Tuberose, Motia (Jasmine).

Question 10.
Which flower is generally grown in protected conditions?
Answer:
Gerbera.

(B) Answer in 1-2 sentences:

Question 1.
Define cut flowers and name the major cut flower crops under cultivation.
Answer:
These are flowers that are cut with long stems or branches. Some of the major cut flowers are Gladiolus, Gerbera, Chrysanthemum, Rose, and Lilium.

Question 2.
How Gladiolus spikes are harvested and stored?
Answer:
Gladiolus flower spikes are harvested when the basal floret is half or fully open. These cut spikes can be stored by keeping them in water for nine days in a cold store.

Question 3.
How the roses are propagated?
Answer:
Propagation of rose plants can be done

• by T-budding for cut flower varieties
• from stem cuttings for loose flowers.

Question 4.
Which months are suitable for raising the nursery of Marigold crop?
Answer:
For rainy season nursery is raised during last week of June to first week of July. For winter it is done in mid September and foT summer first week of January.

Question 5.
What is the planting time for winter season marigold?
Answer:
In winter season marigold is sown during the mid September.

Question 6.
Write harvesting stages of the following flowers :

1. Gladiolus
2. Rose as cut flower
3. Motia.

Answer:

1. Gladiolus. Harvesting is done when the basal floret is half or fully open.
2. Rose as a cut flower. It is harvested at the tight bud (closed) stage.
3. Motia. These are harvested at the unopened flower buds stage.

Question 7.
What is plant spacing in African and French marigolds?
Answer:
For African marigold spacing is 40 x 30 cm and for French marigold, spacing is 60 x 60 cm.

Question 8.
What is planting time of Gerbera ? For how many years Gerbera crop gives flowers?
Answer:
Planting time for Gerbera is September to October. This crop once planted can produce flowers for three years.

Question 9.
Write names of loose flowers and write their uses.
Answer:
Loose flowers are Rose, Marigold, Motia, Chrysanthemum etc. These flowers are used for making garlands, used for worshipping God and for other decorative purposes.

Question 10.
Which is the appropriate soil for Jasmine production?
Answer:
Light to heavy soil with good drainage are appropriate soils for Jasmine.

(C) Answer in 5-6 sentences:

Question 1.
What is the importance of flowers in human life?
Answer:
Flowers are very important in human life. These make the world around us beautiful and colourful. Flowers play an important role in cultural and customary events. During marriage ceremonies, birthdays, flowers are used to complete some customs and are also used for decorative purposes. Devotees present flowers to their gods in the temples and other religious places to show their respect, faith and devotion. Chief guests are welcomed by presenting flowers to them in the form of bouquets or garlands. Women use flower as part of their make up. Flower cultivation has become economically beneficial for the farmers. Thus flowers play an important role in our life.

Question 2.
What is the difference between cut flowers and loose flowers? Give examples.
Answer:

• Loose flowers: These flowers are harvested without stem. Examples of such flowers are Marigold, Motia, Chrysanthemum etc. These are used for making garlands, for worshipping gods and for other decorative purposes.
• Cut flowers: These flowers are harvested with a long stem or branch attached with them. These are marketed as such with stem. These are usually used for making bouquets e.g.Gladiolus, Chrysanthemum, Gerbera, Rose, Lilium etc.

Question 3.
Write a brief note on importance and cultivation of motia.
Answer:
It is one of the main flower among fragrant flowers. These flowers are used to extract fragrant oil. These are also used for worshipping gods.
Climate. Summer season and dry climate is suitable for their growth.

Soil. Light to heavy soils with good drainage are suitable. Appearance of flower. Flowers appear during the months of July—August.
Harvesting. Unopened flower buds are harvested for marketing.

Question 4.
Write a short note on transplanting, harvesting and yield of marigold.
Answer:
Marigold is one of the major loose flowers crop of our state. It is cultivated throughout the year. Soils of Punjab are found very appropriate for the cultivation of Marigold.
Sowing Nursery: For rainy season nursery is sown during last week of June to first week of July, for winter in mid September and for summer in first week of January. The seedlings are ready in a month of transplanting.
Varieties:L These are of two types—African and French.

• Spacing: For African variety spacing should be 40 x 30 cm and for French variety spacing should be 60 x 60 cm.
• Flowering: Flowering starts after 50-60 days of transplanting.
• Harvesting: Fully opened flowers are harvested.
• Yield: Average yield in rainy season is 200 quintal per hectare and in winter it is 150 to 170 quintal per hectare.

Question 5.
How the following flowers are propagated?
1. Gladiolus
Answer:
Gladiolus. It is propagated by planting corms in the field.

2. Tuberose
Answer:
Tuberose. These are propagated from underground bulbs.

3. Chrysanthemum
Answer:
Chrysanthemum. These are propagated by stem cuttings of plants. These are cut from old plants.

4. Gerbera.
Answer:
Gerbera. These plants are propagated through tissue culture.

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
How much area comes under fresh flower cultivation?
Answer:
1300 hectare.

Question 2.
What type of flowers are Gladiolus, Chrysanthemum, Gerbera?
Answer:
Cut flowers.

Question 3.
What type of flowers are Rose and Motia?
Answer:
Loose flower.

Question 4.
How Gladiolus plants are propagated?
Answer:
From corms.

Question 5.
What is the sowing time of corms of Gladiolus in the fields?
Answer:
From September to mid-November.

Question 6.
When can the cultivation of marigold be done?
Answer:
Throughout the year.

Question 7.
Which soil is good for the cultivation of Marigold?
Answer:
All soils of Punjab are suitable for the cultivation of Marigold.

Question 8.
Name the varieties of Marigold.
Answer:
African and French.

Question 9.
How much seed is required for raising seedlings for one acre?
Answer:
600 gram.

Question 10.
When is the nursery of Marigold sown for the rainy season?
Answer:
Last week of June to first week of July.

Question 11.
After how many days of transplanting Marigold the crop starts flowering?
Answer:
After 50-60 days.

Question 12.
What is the yield of Marigold in rainy season?
Answer:
Around 200 quintals per hectare.

Question 13.
What is the yield of Marigold in winter?
Answer:
150-170 quintal per hectare.

Question 14.
From which plants Chrysanthemum cutting are obtained?
Answer:
These are cut from old plants.

Question 15.
When the stem cuttings of Chrysanthemum are done?
Answer:
Last week of June to mid July.

Question 16.
When are stem cuttings of chrysanthemum planted in fields?
Answer:
Mid July to mid September.

Question 17.
Give plant spacing for Chrysanthemum.
Answer:
30 x 30 cm.

Question 18.
When does the flowers appear on the chrysanthemum?
Answer:
November-December.

Question 19.
At what height the cut stems are harvested above ground level?
Answer:
5 cm above the ground level.

Question 20.
When do we get rose flowers in Punjab?
Answer:
November to February-March.

Question 21.
What is the colour of Gerbera flowers?
Answer:
Red, orange, white, pink, yellow.

Question 22.
When are.Gerbera flowers planted?
Answer:
September to October.

Question 23.
How many types of Tuberose are there?
Answer:
Two types—single and double.

Question 24.
Which type of Tuberose is more fragrant?
Answer:
Single type.

Question 25.
When are the bulbs of tuberose planted?
Answer:
February-March.

Question 26.
When do the flowers of Tuberose appear?
Answer:
July-August.

Question 27.
Give yield of Tuberose.
Answer:
Cut flowers 80,000 or 2-2.5 tons of loose flowers per acre.

Question 28.
Name a fragrant giving flower.
Answer:
Motia.

Question 29.
What is the color of Motia flowers?
Answer:
White.

Question 30.
When do we get Motia flowers?
Answer:
April to July-August.

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
How to prepare bulbs of Gladiolus for planting in the next season?
Answer:
Corms are dug out from the soil after 6-8 weeks of harvesting the spikes. These corms are cleaned. These are dried in shade and are stored in a cold store for planting in the next season.

Question 2.
When is the nursery of marigold raised?
Answer:
Sowing Nursery. For the rainy season nursery is sown during last week of June to first week of July, for winter in mid September and for summer in first week of January. The seedlings are ready in a month of transplanting.

Question 3.
When are the cuttings for Chrysanthemum prepared?
Answer:
Stem cuttings are cut from the old plants which are known as mother stock from end June to mid July.

 

Question 4.
When do the flowers of Chrysanthemum appear and write about their harvesting?
Answer:
Chrysanthemum flowers appear in November-December. For cut flower use, stems are harvested 5 cm above ground whereas for loose flowers fully opened flowers are harvested.

Question 5.
When do the flowers of Rose appear and write about their harvesting?
Answer:
Rose flowers appear in November to February—March in Punjab. Cut flowers are harvested in tight bud stage and for loose flowers harvest in fully open stage.

Question 6.
Write about types of Tuberose.
Answer:
Tuberose flowers are of two types—single and double. Single types are more fragrant and oil can be extracted from these flowers

Question 7.
When are the bulbs of tuberose planted and when do the flowers appear?
Answer:
Bulbs are planted in February-March and flowers appear in July-August.

Long Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Write details of cultivation of Galdiolus.
Answer:

• Gladiolus is main flower crop used as cut flower.
• Seed: Gladiolus corms are used as seed.
• Sowing time: September to mid-November.
• Spacing: 30 x 20 cm
• Harvesting: Spikes are harvested when basal floret is half or fully open.
• Storing: Spikes can be stored by keeping them in water for nine days in cold store.
• Next season seed: Dug out the corms from the soil from which flower spikes have been cut. Dug out these after 6-8 weeks after taking spikes. Clean and dry the corms in shade and store them in cold store of next season planting.

Question 2.
Write about cultivation of Chrysanthemum.
Answer:
Chrysanthemumilowers are used as cut flowers as well as loose flower. These can be planted is pots.

• Preparing cuttings: Stem cuttings are prepared from old plants during last June to mid-July.
• Sowing time: Cuttings are planted during mid-July to mid-September.
• Plants spacing: 30 x 30 cm.
• Appearance of flowers: November to December.
• Harvesting: Cut flowers are harvested from 5 cm above the ground. But loose flowers are harvested when fully open.

PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Guide Flower Cultivation Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. ……………….. is the main cut flower crop :
(a) Marigold
(b) Rose
(c) Gladiolus
(d) None
Answer:
(c) Gladiolus

2. Produce obtained for tuberose is ……………….. loose flowers per acre.
(a) 2-2.5 ton
(b) 5 ton
(c) 20 ton
(d) 1 ton.
Answer:
(a) 2-2.5 ton

3. Gladiolus is propagated from the ………………..
(a) Corms
(b) Grafting
(c) Leaves
(d) All
Answer:
(a) Corms

4. Loose flower is :
(a) Marigold
(b) Rose
(c) Jasmine
(d) Gerbera
Answer:
(d) Gerbera

5. French flower is type of ………………..
(a) Marigold
(b) Rose
(c) Motia
(d) Gerbera.
Answer:
(a) Marigold

True/False:

1. In Punjab, area under flower cultivation is 5000 hectares.
Answer:
False

2. In Punjab, area under fresh flower cultivation is 13000 hectares.
Answer:
False

3. Gladiolus is propagated from the corms.
Answer:
True

4. For raising nursery of one acre of marigold 600 gram seed is required.
Answer:
True

5. Tuberose flowers are used as loose and cut flowers for oil extraction.
Answer:
True

Fill in the Blanks:

1. In Punjab, flower crops are mainly classified in ……………… categories, Loose flower, Cut flower.
Answer:
two

2. Cut flowers are harvested with their ………………
Answer:
long stems

3. Marigold is the main major ……………… crop of Punjab.
Answer:
loqse flower

4. Tuberose bulbs are planted during ………………
Answer:
February-March

5. Motia (Jasmine) flowers are of ……………… colored having good fragrance.
Answer:
white

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Book Solutions Chapter 2 Summer Vegetables Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Agriculture Chapter 2 Summer Vegetables

Agriculture Guide for Class 9 PSEB Summer Vegetables Textbook Questions and Answers

(A) Answer in 1-2 words:

Question 1.
Write the name of two varieties of chili.
Answer:
Punjab Surkh, CH-1.

Question 2.
How much is a requirement of vegetables per person per day for maintenance of good health?
Answer:
284 gm.

Question 3.
Write the name of two improved varieties of tomato.
Answer:
Punjab Varkha Bahar-1, Punjab Varkha Bahar-2.

Question 4.
How much seed per acre of okra is required for sowing in February?
Answer:
15 kg per acre.

Question 5.
How much spacing is required between rows in the brinjal crop?
Answer:
60 cm.

Question 6.
Write the name of two varieties of bitter gourd.
Answer:
Punjab-14, Punjab Kareli-1.

Question 7.
When sowing of bottle gourd should be done?
Answer:
Feb-March, June-July, and November-December.

Question 8.
How much seed of cucumber is required per acre?
Answer:
1 kg per acre.

Question 9.
How much seed of muskmelon is required per acre?
Answer:
400 gram.

Question 10.
What is the sowing time of the sponge gourd?
Answer:
Mid May to July.

(B) Answer in 1-2 sentences:

Question 1.
What do you mean by vegetable?
Answer:
Any succulent part like fruit, leaf, stems, etc. of a plant which can be eaten fresh as salad or after cooking is called vegetable.

Question 2.
How much seed and area is required for raising nursery for transplanting one acre tomato ?
Answer:
100 gram seed is required for nursery raising in 2 maria area for transplanting in one acre.

Question 3.
How much fertilizers are used per acre for chilli crop ?
Answer:
10-15 ton well rotten farm yard manure, 25 kg. nitrogen, 12 kg phosphorus and 12 kg potash can be used. This dose is for one acre.

Question 4.
How four crops of brinjal are raised in a year?
Answer:
Four crops of brinjal are raised in a year by sowing in October, November, February-March and July.

Question 5.
What are the sowing time and seed rate of okrg?
Answer:
Spring season crop is sown in February-March and rainy season crop is sown in June-July. Seed rate is 15 kg (February), 8-10 kg (March), 5-6 kg (June-July).

Question 6.
Give the reasons for the low availability of per capita’ per day vegetables in our country.
Answer:
The low availability of per capita per day vegetables in our country is due to

• population explosion and
• due to post-harvest losses which are nearly one-third of the total production of vegetables.

Question 7.
What is the ideal time for sowing and transplanting of the nursery of tomato?
Answer:
The ideal time for sowing the nursery of tomatoes is the second fortnight of July. Transplanting of seedlings is done in second fortnight of August.

Question 8.
How many days are required from sowing to harvesting in bitter gourd ?
Answer:
55-60 days are required from sowing to harvesting in bitter gourd.

Question 9.
Write two improved varieties and sowing time of muskmelon.
Answer:
Improved varieties of muskmelon are Punjab hybrid, Hara madhu and sowing time is February-March.

Question 10.
How can we get early and higher yield in cucumber ?
Answer:
We get early and higher yield in cucumber by growing under low tunnel polythene sheets.

(C) Answer in 5-6 sentences:

Question 1.
Write name of summer vegetables and describe any one of them.
Answer:
Summer vegetables are – tomato, brinjal, bottle gourd, sponge gourd, bitter gourd, chilli, okra, summer squash, cucumber, long melon, squash melon etc.

Tomato

Improved varieties—Punjab Varkha Bahar-1, Punjab Varkha Bahar-2.
Seed rate—100 gram seed is required for sowing nursery in 2 maria for transplanting in one acre.
Time of sowing—Sow nursery in the second fortnight of July.
Transplanting—Second fortnight of August.
Row spacing—120-150 cm.
Weed control—Spray stomp or sencor.
Plant spacing—30 cm.
Irrigation—First irrigation should be done immediately after transplanting and later irrigations should be done after 6-7 dhys interval.

Question 2.
Write a short note on improved varieties, sowing time, seed rate, and control of weeds in okra.
Answer:
Improved varieties. Punjab-7, Punjab-8, Punjab Padmani.
Sowing time. Spring season sowing is done in February-March and rainy season crop is sown in June-July.
Seed rate. Seed rate per acre is 15 kg (for February), 8-10 kg (March), 5-6 kg (June-July).
Weed control. 3-4 hoeings are needed or spray stomp.

Question 3.
What is the importance of vegetables in human diet?
Answer:
Vegetables have a very important role in the human diet. Vegetables contain a sufficient amount of nutrients like carbohydrates, minerals, proteins, vitamins etc. These nutrients are essential for the maintenance of good health. A large population of our country is vegetarian, therefore, importance of vegetables becomes more in our country. According to scientific research, a person should consume 284 gram of vegetable in a day. Vegetables include leafy vegetables (spinach, fenugreek, lettuce, saag etc.), root vegetables (carrot, radish, turnip), flower buds (cauliflower), fruit (tomato, brinjal) etc.

Question 4.
Describe cultivation of Bottlegourd.
Answer:

• Improved varieties. Punjab Berkat, Punjab Komal.
• Sowing time. February-March, June-July, November- December.
• Harvesting. After 60-70 days of sowing, the crop is ready for harvesting.

Question 5.
How to raise a successful crop of ashgourd?
Answer:
Ash gourd belongs to
Improved Varieties—PAG-3
Sowing time—Feb-March and June-July.
Seed rate—2kg seed/acre
Method of sowing–Sow at least two seeds per hill on one side.
Spacing—Beds should be 3m wide and spacing should be 75-90 cm.

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
What is the seed rate for chilli?
Answer:
200 grams per acre.

Question 2.
What is the time of sowing of Nursery for chilli?
Answer:
End October to mid-November.

Question 3.
What is the time of transplanting the seedlings of chilli?
Answer:
February-March.

Question 4.
What is row spacing for chilli?
Answer:
75 cm.

Question 5.
What is plant spacing for chilli?
Answer:
45 cm.

Question 6.
Write names of varieties of tomato.
Answer:
Punjab Varkha Bahar-1, Punjab Varkha Bahar-2.

Question 7.
Write seed rate for tomato.
Answer:
100 gram per acre.

Question 8.
What is a time of sowing of the nursery for tomato?
Answer:
Second fortnight of July.

Question 9.
What is time of transplanting seedlings of tomato?
Answer:
Second fortnight of August.

Question 10.
What is row spacing for tomato?
Answer:
120-150 cm.

Question 11.
What is plant spacing for tomato?
Answer:
30 cm.

Question 12.
Weed control is done in tomatoes by using
Answer:
Stomp, Sencore.

Question 13.
Write varieties of Brinjal.
Answer:
Punjab Neelam (round), B.H.-2 (Oblong), PBH-3 (small).

Question 14.
Write seed rate for brinjal.
Answer:
300-400 grams per acre.

Question 15.
Write row spacing for brinjal.
Answer:
60 cm.

Question 16.
What is plant spacing for brinjal?
Answer:
30-40 cm.

Question 17.
How is Okra sown?
Answer:
Sowing is done on ridges.

Question 18.
Write varieties of Okra.
Answer:
Punjab-7, Punjab-8, Punjab Padmani.

Question 19.
How is the Okra crop sown in February-March?
Answer:
On ridges.

Question 20.
How is the okra crop sown in June-July?
Answer:
On planes.

Question 21.
What is row spacing for okra?
Answer:
45 cm.

Question 22.
What is plant spacing for okra?
Answer:
15 cm.

Question 23.
When is okra harvested?
Answer:
45-50 days after sowing.

Question 24.
Write improved varieties of summer squash.
Answer:
Punjab Chappan Kadoo.

Question 25.
Write time of sowing for summer squash.
Answer:
Mid-January to March and October-November.

Question 26.
What is the seed rate for summer squash?
Answer:
2 kg per acre.

Question 27.
How many seeds are sown at a place for summer squash?
Answer:
Two seeds at a place.

Question 28.
When is summer squash ready for harvesting?
Answer:
In 60 days.

Question 29.
Write varieties of Bottle gourd.
Answer:
Punjab Berkat, Punjab Komal.

Question 30.
Write time of sowing for bottle gourd.
Answer:
February-March, June-July, November-December.

Question 31.
When is the bottle gourd ready for harvesting?
Answer:
60-70 days after sowing.

Question 32.
Write varieties of bitter gourd.
Answer:
Punjab-14, Punjab Kareli-1.

Question 33.
Write time of sowing for bitter gourd.
Answer:
February-March, June-July.

Question 34.
Write seed rate for bitter gourd.
Answer:
2 kg per acre.

Question 35.
What is plant spacing for the bitter gourd?
Answer:
45 cm.

Question 36.
How is bitter gourd sown in Kyaris (beds)?
Answer:
On both sides.

Question 37.
Write varieties of sponge gourd.
Answer:
Pusa chikni, Punjab sponge gourd-9.

Question 38.
What is a time of sowing for sponge gourd?
Answer:
Mid-February to March.

Question 39.
What is seed rate for sponge gourd?
Answer:
2 kg seed per acre.

Question 40.
When is sponge gourd ready for harvesting?
Answer:
After 70-80 days of sowing.

Question 41.
Write varieties of ash gourd.
Answer:
PAG—3.

Question 42.
Write time of sowing for ash gourd.
Answer:
February-March, June-July.

Question 43.
What is seed rate for ash gourd?
Answer:
2 kg per acre.

Question 44.
Write varieties of cucumber.
Answer:
Punjab Naveen.

Question 45.
What is seed rate for cucumber?
Answer:
One kg per acre.

Question 46.
Write varieties for long melon.
Answer:
Punjab long melon.

Question 47.
What is time of sowing for long melon?
Answer:
February-March.

Question 48.
What is seed rate for long melon?
Answer:
One kg per acre.

Question 49.
Write about harvesting of long melon.
Answer:
After 60-70 days of sowing.

Question 50.
Write varieties of squash melon.
Answer:
Tinda-48.

Question 51.
What is time of sowing for squash melon?
Answer:
February-March, June-July.

Question 52.
What is seed rate for squash melon ?
Answer:
1.5 kg per acre.

Question 53.
When is squash melon ready for harvesting?
Answer:
After 60 days of sowing.

Question 54.
Is muskmelon a vegetable or fruit ?
Answer:
It is a vegetable.

Question 55.
What is time of sowing for muskmelon?
Answer:
February-March.

Question 56.
What is sedd rate for muskmelon ?
Answer:
400 gram per acre.

Question 57.
What is plant spacing for muskmelon?
Answer:
60 cm.

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Which nutrients are found in vegetables?
Answer:
Vegetables contain carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, vitamins, etc.

Question 2.
Write about fertilizers for chillis.
Answer:
Apply 10—15 ton well rotten farmyard manure, 25 kg nitrogen, 12 kg phosphorus, and 12 kg potash per acre.

Question 3.
Write about irrigation for chillis.
Answer:
Give first irrigation immediately after transplanting. Give irrigation after intervals of 7-10 days in summer.

Question 4.
Write irrigation requirements for tomatoes.
Answer:
Give first irrigation immediately after transplanting. Give irrigation after intervals of 7-10 days in summer.

Question 5.
Write about the method of sowing for brinjal.
Answer:
Brinjal is sown in 10-15 raised beds in one maria.

Question 6.
Give the method of sowing of summer squash.
Answer:
Summer squash is sown in 1.25 m wide beds and two seeds are sown per hill at a distance of 45 cm on both sides of beds.

Question 7.
Write about the cultivation of cucumbers. Improved varieties, time of sowing, seed rate.
Answer:

• Improved varieties—Punjab Naveen.
• Time of sowing—February-March.
• Seed rate—One kg per acre.

Question 8.
Write about the cultivation of long melon.
Answer:

• Improved varieties—Punjab long melon-1.
• Time of sowing—February-March.
• Seed rate—One kg per acre.
• Harvesting—After sowing 60-70 days.

Question 9.
Write about the cultivation of squash melon.
Answer:

• Improved varieties—Tinda-48.
• Time of sowing—February-March, June-July.
• Seed rate—1.5 kg seed per acre.
• Method of sowing—Sow seeds on both sides of 1.5 m wide beds at a spacing of 45 cm.
• Harvesting—Fruits are ready for picking after 60 days of sowing.

Question 10.
Write about the cultivation of sponge gourd.
Answer:

• Varieties—Pusa Chikni, Punjab sponge gourd-9.
• Time of sowing—Mid February to March, Mid May to July. Method of sowing—Sow in 3 m wide beds with a spacing of 75-90 cm.
• Seed rate—2 kg seed per acre.
• Harvesting—70-80 days after sowing.

Long Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Write about the cultivation of muskmelon.
Answer:
Muskmelon is a vegetable scientifically but we consider it as a fruit.

• Varieties: Punjab hybrid, Hara Madhu, Punjab Sunehri.
• Time of Sowing: February-March.
• Seed Rate: 400-gram seed per acre.
• Method of Sowing: Sow in 3-4 m wide beds.
• Plant Spacing: Plant to plant spacing is 60 cm.
• Irrigation: Water the crop every week in summer at the time of fruit maturity. Avoid direct contact of water with fruit.

Question 2.
Write about the cultivation of Chilli.
Answer:

• Varieties: Punjab Surkh, Punjab Guchhedar, and Chilli hybrid-1.
• Seed Rate: 200-gram seed per acre.
• Sowing Nursery: Sow nursery in one maria and the seed is sown in the nursery during the end of October to mid-November.
• Transplanting: It is done in February-March.
• Plant Spacing: Spacing between rows is 75 cm and plant to plant spacing is 45 cm.
• Fertilizer: 10 to 15 tonnes of well rotten farmyard manure is required, 25 kg Nitrogen, 12 kg phosphorus, and 20 kg potash per acre are also required.
• Irrigation: Apply first irrigation after transplanting. Give water after every 7-10 days in summer.

Question 3.
Write about the cultivation of Brinjal.
Answer:

• Varieties: Punjab Neelam (Round fruited), BH-2 (oblong fruited), and PBH-3 (small fruited)
• Seed Rate: 300-400 grams for one acre.
• Method of Sowing: Nursery is sown in 10-15 cm raised beds of one maria.
• Crops of Brinjal: We can get four crops of brinjal in one-year i. e., by sowing nursery in October, November, February, March, and July.
• Plant Spacing: Spacing between rows 60 cm and in plants 30-45 cm.
• Irrigation: Apply first irrigation after transplanting. Give water after every 6-7 days.

PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Guide Summer Vegetables Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Seed rate for tomatoes is
(a) 100 gram per acre
(b) 500 gram per acre
(c) 100 gram per acre
(d) None
Answer:
(c) 100 gram per acre

2. Punjab Barkat is a variety of :
(a) Ghia
(b) Bitter gourd
(c) Tomato
(d) Chilli.
Answer:
(a) Ghia

3. Variety of Bitter Gourd :
(a) Punjab Kareli-1
(b) Punjab Chappan Kaddu
(c) Punjab Neelam
(d) P.A.G.-3.
Answer:
(a) Punjab Kareli-1

4. Seed rate for Muskmelon (per acre) :
(a) 200 gram
(b) 700 gram
(c) 100 gram
(d) 400 gram.
Answer:
(d) 400 gram.

5. Punjab Naveen is a variety of :
(a) Petha
(b) Ghia
(c) Tomato
(d) Cucumber
Answer:
(d) Cucumber

True/False:

1. Vegetables contain carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, and vitamins.
Answer:
True

2. For maintaining good health, the consumption of 504 grams of vegetables per person per day is essential.
Answer:
False

3. Leaf vegetables are – spinach, fenugreek, lettuce (salad), saag.
Answer:
True

4. Root vegetables are – carrot, radish, turnip.
Answer:
True

5. Any succulent part like fruit, leaf, stems, etc. of a plant which can be eaten fresh as a salad or after cooking is called a vegetable.
Answer:
True

Fill in the Blanks :

1. Major ……………….. vegetables are chilli, brinjal, okra, bitter gourd, squash melon, tomato, bottle gourd, sponge gourd, long melon etc.
Answer:
Kharif (summer)

2. Seed rate for chiili for sowing nursery in one maria is ………………..
Answer:
200 gram

3. Seed rate for sowing nursery of brinjal is ……………….. per acre.
Answer:
300-400 gram

4. Punjab Gucchedar is a variety of ………………..
Answer:
Chilli

5. Varieties of ……………….. are – Punjab-7, Punjab-8, Punjab Padmini.
Answer:
Okra

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Book Solutions Chapter 1 Kharif Crops Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Agriculture Chapter 1 Kharif Crops

Agriculture Guide for Class 9 PSEB Kharif Crops Textbook Questions and Answers

(A) Answer in one-two words:

Question 1.
Name two Kharif bowls of cereal.
Answer:
Paddy, Maize, Jowar.

Question 2.
Name two important varieties of rice.
Answer:
P.R.-123, P.R.-122.

Question 3.
Give seed requirement of desi cotton hybrid for one acre.
Answer:
1.5 kg seed per acre.

Question 4.
Name one major insect pest of maize.
Answer:
Maize borer

Question 5.
Name two diseases of sugarcane?
Answer:
Red rot, Red stripe, wilt, etc.

Question 6.
Name two Pulse crops.
Answer:
Moong, Mash, Arhar.

Question 7.
Give seed rate of maize for one acre.
Answer:
It is 7 kg for pearl popcorn and 8 kg per acre for other varieties. For fodder crop, it is 30 kg per acre.

Question 8.
Give sowing time of cotton.
Answer:
1 April to 15 May.

Question 9.
Name one intercrop in sugarcane.
Answer:
Summer Moong or Summer Mash.

Question 10.
Name two fodder crops.
Answer:
Maize, Bajra, Guara.

(B) Answer In one-two sentence:

Question 1.
What is crop rotation?
Answer:
Different types of crops which are sown in a sequence in the field in one year is called crop rotation, e.g. Paddy-wheat, Paddy- Potato-Sunflower, etc.

Question 2.
Name two rice-based crop rotations.
Answer:
Rice-wheat/Berseem, Rice-wheat-sathi maize/sathi moong. Rice-Potato-Sathi Moong/Sunflower.

Question 3.
What are the deficiency symptoms of zinc in rice?
Answer:
Due to the deficiency of zinc, seedlings remain stunted and tillerless. Lower leaves become rusty, near the base. The central vein of leaves changes color and leaves ultimately dry up. To avoid and control this malady, apply 25 kg zinc sulfate per acre at the time of puddling.

Question 4.
Write sowing method of maize.
Answer:
Maize is sown from the last week of May to the end of June, can be sown in the second fortnight of August. Row spacing should be 60 cm and plant spacing should be 20 cm. Use 7 kg seed per acre for pearl popcorn and 8 kg for other varieties.

Question 5.
Give control of Its in Maize.
Answer:
It’s can be controlled by using Atrataf within 10 days of sowing.

Question 6.
Why puddling is done in Paddy?
Answer:
Paddy needs a lot of water. Due to puddling, the water holding capacity of the field increases to a large extent. The rate of evaporation of water is decreased. It also helps to prevent the growth of weeds. Transplanting, of paddy, becomes easy.

Question 7.
Give seed requirement of sugarcane.
Answer:
The seed rate for cane crops is twenty thousand, three budded sets or four budded sets 15 thousand, or five budded sets-12 thousand for one acre.

Question 8.
Write time and method of sowing for Autumn sugarcane.
Answer:
Autumn sugarcane is sown from 20 September to 20 October and sowing is done in rows with a spacing of 90 cm.

Question 9.
Give the method of defoliation in moong for combined harvesting.
Answer:
If combine is to be used to harvest the Moong crop, then at the time when 80% of pods are mature, Gramoxone is sprayed to make the leaves and stem dry i.e. for defoliation.

Question 10.
Write method of weed control in rice.
Answer:
Swank and Motha weeds grow in rice. Hoeing should be done twice manually by hands, use paddy weeder for inter-culture. After 15 and 30 days of transplanting pull out the weeds from the fields. Suitable herbicides should be used at the proper time in the required amounts. Herbicides that can be used are Machete, Refit, Top- star, Arozin, etc. use Algrip for a gorilla, Sanni, etc.

(C) Answer in five-six sentences:

Question 1.
Discuss the use of fertilizers in rice.
Answer:
The fertilizer requirement for rice for an acre is 50 kg nitrogen, 12 kg phosphorus, and 12. kg potassium. Potassium dose should be applied on a soil test basis. Divide nitrogen dose into three parts. Apply one part of nitrogen and a whole of phosphorus and potassium (if needed) before the last puddling. The remaining two parts of nitrogen are broadcasted in two equal splits at three and six weeks after transplanting. If rice is sown after wheat which had received a recommended supply of phosphorus, then there is no need to apply phosphorus for rice crops.

Question 2.
Explain direct seeding of rice.
Answer:
Rice should be sown directly in only medium to heavy soils. In light (sandy) soils there occurs deficiency of iron in the crop and the yield is reduced.
Time of sowing: Suitable time for direct sowing is the first fortnight of June.
Seed rate: Seed requirement is 8-10 kg per acre.
The depth and row spacing: Seed should be sown at a depth of 2-3 cm using a paddy drill and row spacing should be 20 cm. Early maturing variety of Paddy should be used for direct sowing.
Weed control: Use stomp within 2 days of sowing. If after 30 days of sowing, swank, and motha are seen in the crop then use nominee gold. Segment herbicide is used to control broadleaf weeds.
Fertilizers: Apply 60 kg nitrogen per acre in three equal splits. Broadcast nitrogen after two, five, and nine weeks of sowing.
Irrigation: Keep watering the crop at 5-10 days intervals.

Question 3.
Give details of seed treatment in cotton.
Answer:
Seed rate for B.T. varieties is 750 grams, for non-B.T. hybrid varieties 1 kg, for normal varieties 3 kg, for desi cotton varieties it is 1.5 kg and for simple varieties, it is 3 kg per acre. Use the adviced chemicals for seed treatment. For prevention from Jassid use Gaucho or Cruiser.

Question 4.
Discuss preventive measures for lodging in sugarcane.
Answer:
We should make efforts to prevent the lodging of sugarcane crops because frost has a bad effect on fallen crops. To prevent lodging, we should earth up heavily the crop before the outset of monsoon, nearly the end of June. Prop the crop at the end of August or at the beginning of September.

Question 5.
For which crops and why sulfur is essential?
Answer:
Sulfur is essential for oilseed crops. Single superphosphate is used as a source of phosphorus because it contains sulfur also. If this fertilizer is not available, use gypsum as a source of sulfur.

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
What is the time of sowing for the Kharif (Sawani) crop?
Answer:
June-July or in Monsoon.

Question 2.
When is Sawant or Kharif crop harvested?
Answer:
In October-November.

Question 3.
How can you categorize the Kharif crop?
Answer:
Three categories of Kharif crops :

1. Cereals
2. Pulses and Oilseed crops
3. Cotton, Sugarcane, and fodder.

Question 4.
Name Kharif cereal crops.
Answer:
Paddy, Basmati, Maize, Bajra (Sorghum).

Question 5.
Which country is the highest producer of Paddy?
Answer:
China

Question 6.
Which state of India is the highest producer of Paddy?
Answer:
West Bengal.

Question 7.
What is another name for Paddy?
Answer:
Rice and Jeeri, Dhaan, Jhonna.

Question 8.
How much area is occupied by Paddy crop in Punjab?
Answer:
28 lakh hectare.

Question 9.
How much is the average yield of Paddy in Punjab?
Answer:
60 quintal per hectare.

Question 10.
Which Karqha is used to level the field before Puddling it for the Paddy crop?
Answer:
Laser Karahd.

Question 11.
What is the seed rate for Paddy?
Answer:
It is 8 kg per acre.

Question 12.
Which chemical is used to control broadleaf weed like Gorilla in Paddy?
Answer:
Algeria or Segment.

Question 13.
Which device is used to save water for irrigation of Paddy crop?
Answer:
Tensiometer.

Question 14.
What type of soil is suitable for direct sowing of paddy?
Answer:
Medium to heavy soil.

Question 15.
What is used if there is a deficiency of zinc in Paddy and what is its quantity used?
Answer:
Zinc sulfate, 25 kg per acre.

Question 16.
What should be the moisture content for storing rice in godowns?
Answer:
12%,

Question 17.
Name varieties of Basmati.
Answer:
Punjab Basmati-3, Pusa Punjab Basmati-1509, Pusa Punjab Basmati-1121.

Question 18.
What is the time of sowing, for raising the nursery of Paddy?
Answer:
Nursery sowing for Pusa Punjab Basmati-1509 is done in the second fortnight of June and for other varieties, it is done in the first fortnight of June.

Question 19.
What happens to Paddy if excess nitrogen is applied to it? (high doses of nitrogen)
Answer:
It causes excessive vegetative growth and plants attain more height. This causes lodging of the crop and yield is reduced.

Question 20.
Which country is the highest producer of maize?
Answer:
The United States of America.

Question 21.
Which state of India is the highest producer of maize?
Answer:
Andhra Pradesh.

Question 22.
How much area of land is occupied by maize crop in Punjab?
Answer:
1 lakh 25 thousand hectares.

Question 23.
What is the average yield of maize in Punjab?
Answer:
15 quintals per acre.

Question 25.
How much rain is suitable for maize?
Answer:
50 to 75 cm.

Question 25.
What type of soil is suitable for maize?
Answer:
Well-drained medium to heavy (loam and silty loam).

Question 26.
Give seed rate for Pearl popcorn (maize variety).
Answer:
7 kg per acre.

Question 27.
Give varieties of maize for normal use.
Answer:
PMH-1, PMH-2.

Question 28.
Name special purpose varieties of maize.
Answer:
Punjab sweet corn-1, Pearl popcorn.

Question 29.
What is the time of sowing for maize?
Answer:
Maize can be sowed from the last week of May to the end of June and in the second fortnight of August.

Question 30.
What are row spacing and plant spacing for maize crops?
Answer:
60 cm, 22 cm.

Question 31.
Which weedicide is more effective for Its in maize?
Answer:
Strata.

Question 32.
What is sown in the Helds of maize crop to prevent weeds?
Answer:
Rawang (grams).

Question 33.
Which herbicide is used to control dila/motha (common sedge)?
Answer:
2, 4-D.

Question 34.
How much irrigation is required for normal maize?
Answer:
4-6 irrigations are needed.

Question 35.
Which state in India is the highest producer of pulses?
Answer:
Rajasthan.

Question 36.
How much area is occupied by Moong crop in Punjab?
Answer:
5 thousand hectares.

Question 37.
What is the yield of Moong in Punjab?
Answer:
350 kg per acre.

Question 38.
Which type of soil is not suitable for Moong?
Answer:
Saline-alkaline or waterlogged soils are not suitable.

Question 39.
What is the seed rate for Moong?
Answer:
8 kg per acre.

Question 40.
Give the time of sowing for Moong,
Answer:
The first fortnight of July.

Question 41.
What are row spacing and plant spacing for moong crop?
Answer:
Row spacing is 30 cm and plant spacing is 10 cm.

Question 42.
Which herbicides are used to control weeds in Moong?
Answer:
Treflan or Basalin.

Question 43.
How much land is occupied by the Mash crop in Punjab?
Answer:
2 thousand hectares.

Question 44.
What is the average yield of Mash in Punjab?
Answer:
180 kg acre.

Question 45.
Which soil is not suitable for the Mash crop?
Answer:
Saline-alkaline or water-logged soils.

Question 46.
What is the seed rate for Mash?
Answer:
6-8 kg per acre.

Question 47.
What is the time of sowing of Mash in the Sub-mountainous region?
Answer:
15 to 25 July.

Question 48.
What is a time of sowing of Mash in regions other than the Sub-mountainous region?
Answer:
Last week of June to the first week of July.

Question 49.
What is row spacing for Mash?
Answer:
30 cm.

Question 50.
Which pesticide is used in Mash?
Answer:
Stomp.

Question 51.
Which country is the highest producer of Soyabean?
Answer:
The United States of America.

Question 52.
Which state of India is the highest producer of Soyabean?
Answer:
Madhya Pradesh.

Question 53.
Give Soyabean based crop rotation cycle.
Answer:
Soybean—Wheat/Barley.

Question 54.
Name varieties of Soyabean.
Answer:
SL-958, S.L.-744.

Question 55.
Give the time of sowing for Soyabean.
Answer:
First fortnight of June.

Question 56.
What is row spacing for Soyabean?
Answer:
45 cm.

Question 57.
Which herbicide is used to control weeds in Soyabean?
Answer:
Stomp, primate.

Question 58.
Name insects/pests which attack Soyabean?
Answer:
Hairy caterpillar and whitefly.

Question 59.
Which crop is a pulse as well as oilseed?
Answer:
Soybean.

Question 60.
Which country in the world is the highest producer of oilseed?
Answer:
The United States of America.

Question 61.
Which state in India is the highest producer of oilseeds?
Answer:
Rajasthan.

Question 62.
Which country in the world is the highest producer of groundnut?
Answer:
China.

Question 63.
Which the State Of India is the highest producer of groundnut?
Answer:
Gujarat.

Question 64.
How much area is occupied by groundnut in Punjab?
Answer:
15 thousand hectares.

Question 65.
Give average yield of groundnut in Punjab.
Answer:
7 kg per acre.

Question 66.
Name a crop rotation cycle involving groundnut.
Answer:
Groundnut-wheat.

Question 67.
Name varieties of groundnut.
Answer:
S.G.-91, S.G.-84.

Question 68.
Give seed rate for groundnut.
Answer:
38-40 kg seed (Kernel) per acre.

Question 69.
What is the time of sowing for rainfed groundnut?
Answer:
With the advent of the monsoon.

Question 70.
What is the time of sowing for irrigated groundnut crops?
Answer:
From end April to end May.

Question 71.
Which herbicides are used to control weeds in groundnut?
Answer:
Treflan, Stomp.

Question 72.
Name Kharif fodder crops.
Answer:
Maize, Jowar, Bajra.

Question 73.
Which country in the world is the highest producer of cotton?
Answer:
China.

Question 74.
Which state of India is the highest producer of cotton?
Answer:
Gujarat.

Question 75.
How much area is under the cotton crop?
Answer:
5 lakh hectare.

Question 76.
What is the average yield of cotton in Punjab?
Answer:
230 kg lint per acre.

Question 77.
Which type of soil is not suitable for cotton?
Answer:
Sandy, saline, or water-logged.

Question 78.
Give normal varieties of cotton.
Answer:
L.H.-2108.

Question 79.
Give seed rate for BT cotton.
Answer:
750 gram per acre.

Question 80.
Name a hybrid variety of desi cotton.
Answer:
PAU 626 H.

Question 81.
Give the time of sowing for cotton.
Answer:
1 April to 15 May.

Question 82.
Give row spacing for cotton.
Answer:
67 cm.

Question 83.
Name herbicides used to control weeds in cotton.
Answer:
Treflan, stomp, gramoxon, Roundup.

Question 84.
Which country is the highest producer of Sugarcane?
Answer:
Brazil.

Question 85.
Which state in India is the highest producer of Sugarcane?
Answer:
Uttar Pradesh.

Question 86.
How much area is occupied by sugarcane crop in Punjab?
Answer:
80 thousand hectares.

Question 87.
What is the average yield of sugarcane in Punjab?
Answer:
280 quintals per acre.

Question 88.
How much sugar is obtained from sugarcane?
Answer:
9%.

Question 89.
What type of soil is suitable for sugarcane?
Answer:
Medium to heavy soil.

Question 90.
Name early maturing varieties of spring cane.
Answer:
CoJ-85, CoJ-83.

Question 91.
What is the seed rate if four budded sets are used for a cane?
Answer:
15 thousand per acre.

Question 92.
What is the seed rate for the cane on the basis of weight?
Answer:
30 to 35 quintals per acre.

Question 93.
What is the time of sowing for a cane?
Answer:
Mid-February to end March.

Question 94.
Name herbicides to control weeds in cane crops.
Answer:
Strata, Senior.

Question 95.
Name varieties of Autumn cane.
Answer:
CoJ-85, CoJ-83.

Question 96.
What is a time of sowing for an autumn cane?
Answer:
20 September to 20 October.

Question 97.
Which weedicide should be used if Raya or wheat is intercropped in the autumn cane?
Answer:
Isoproturon.

Question 98.
Which herbicide is used in cane crop if summer moong and summer mash is intercropped?
Answer:
Stomp.

Question 99.
How much green fodder is required for an adult animal per day?
Answer:
40 kg green fodder.

Question 100.
Name Kharif fodder crop.
Answer:
Bajra, Maize, Jowar, Napier Bajra, Guniea Grass, Guara, etc.

Question 101.
How many days, Maize, Kharif fodder take to become available for harvesting?
Answer:
50-60 days.

Question 102.
Name the variety of maize, a Kharif fodder.
Answer:
J-1006.

Question 103.
What is the time of sowing for fodder maize?
Answer:
The first week of March to mid-September.

Question 104.
Which pest attacks the fodder maize?
Answer:
Maize borer.

Question 105.
Which fodder is liked by animals?
Answer:
Jowar.

Question 106.
Name varieties of Jowar?
Answer:
S.L. 104.

Question 107.
What is the sed rate of Jowar?
Answer:
20-25 kg per acre.

Question 108.
What is the time of sowing for early maturing Jowar?
Answer:
Mid-March.

Question 109.
What is a suitable time for sowing for Jowar?
Answer:
Mid-June to middle July.

Question 110.
What is row spacing for Jowar?
Answer:
22 cm.

Question 111.
If a mixture of Guara and Jowar are sown together which herbicide is used ?
Answer:
Stomp.

Question 112.
Write time of harvesting of Jowar?
Answer:
65-80 days, from boot to milk stage.

Question 113.
Give crop rotation cycle consisting of Bajra.
Answer:
Bajra-Maize-Bersem.

Question 114.
Give varieties of Bajra.
Answer:
PHBF-1, FBC-16.

Question 115.
Give seed rate for Bajra.
Answer:
6-8 kg seed per acre.

Question 116.
Give the time of sowing for Bajra.
Answer:
March to August.

Question 117.
What is the method of sowing for Bajra?
Answer:
Bajra is sown by the broadcasting method.

Question 118.
Which herbicide is used to control weeds in Bajra?
Answer:
Atrataf.

Question 119.
What do you know about the irrigation of Bajra?
Answer:
Normally 2-3 irrigations are required.

Question 120.
After how many days Bajra is harvested?
Answer:
After 45-55 days.

Question 121.
Give diseases of Bajra.
Answer:
Green ear, grain smut.

Question 122.
Write insects pest which attacks Bajra.
Answer:
Root bug, grasshopper.

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Give details of climate and soil for cultivating Paddy.
Answer:
Paddy needs high temperature, excess moisture and excess of water. Medium to heavy soil is suitable. It can also grow in alkaline and acidic soil.

Question 2.
Give details of seed rate and seed treatment for paddy.
Answer:
8 kg seed per acre is needed for raising the nursery. To save crops from disease, seeds should be treated with recommended fungicides, soak the seed for 8 to 10 hours in recommended chemicals.

Question 3.
How will you control broadleaf weeds in Paddy?
Answer:
Broadleaf weeds like Gorilla, sunny etc. grow in paddy. Use Algrip or segment after 15-20 days of transplanting.

Question 4.
Why is green manure used?
Answer:
Leguminous plants are used for green manure e.g. Pulse crops, Sunhump, dhaincha, etc. These crops help in the fixation of nitrogen in the soil. Green manure crop is cultivated and it is mixed into the soil of the field. This helps in the increasing of humus and- makes the soil more fertile.

Question 5.
Discuss the harvesting and storing of Paddy.
Answer:
The crop can be harvested when ears are nearly ripe and the straws change color to yellow. Produce can be stored in godown when the moisture content is not more than 12%.

Question 6.
Give the time of nursery sowing for Basmati.
Answer:
For Pusa Punjab Basmati 1509, the time of nursery sowing is the second fortnight of June and for Punjab Basmati-3 and Pusa Basmati-1121, it is the first fortnight of June.

Question 7.
What is the time of transplanting seedlings of Basmati?
Answer:
For Pusa Punjab Basmati-1509, the time of transplanting is the second fortnight of July and for Punjab Basmati-3 and Pusa Basmati-1121, it is the first fortnight of July. Transplanting is done in a puddled field. Transplant 33 plants per square meter.

Question 8.
Give details about climate and soil for maize.
Answer:
Maize requires a moist and hot climate from germination to flowering. If there is less moisture and a very high temperature at the time of flowering, it may damage the foliage. This causes dryness (desiccate) of the pollen and proper pollination does not take place, it results in a poor grain setting. 50 cm to 75 cm rain is suitable for maize. Well-drained, medium to heavy soil is suitable.

Question 9.
What do you know about the irrigation of maize?
Answer:
Maize requires 4-6 irrigations, but it depends on the rainfall. Proper care should be taken to irrigate during the pre-tasselling and silking stages.

Question 10.
What do you know about harvesting Maize?
Answer:
When husk covers become dry and brown even when the stalks and leaves are somewhat green, the crop is ready to harvest. Moisture content should not be more than 15% in the grains.

Question 11.
What do you know about climate and soil for Moong?
Answer:
The hot climate is suitable for Moong. This crop can bear more heat and extra dryness as compared to other pulses. Saline and waterlogged soils are not suitable for this crop.

Question 12.
Give details of land preparation and- application fertilizers for Moong.
Answer:
Prepare the land by giving 2-3 ploughings and level the soil using plank. At the time of sowing apply 5 kg nitrogen a^id 16 kg of phosphorus by drilling.

Question 13.
Explain how to control weeds in Moong?
Answer:
To control weeds one or two hoeings should be done. Use Treflan or Basalin to control weeds before sowing. Use stomp within two days of sowing.

Question 14.
Discuss the harvesting of moong.
Answer:
When nearly 80% of pods are mature, moong can be harvested by using a sickle. Thresher can be used to thresh moong. If combined is to be used to harvest moong, spray gramophone to make leaves and stem dry when about 80% of pods are mature.

Question 15.
What do you know about climate and soil requirements for Mash?
Answer:
For this crop hot and moist climate is found to be suitable. Nearly all types of soils can be used to grow mash, but saline-alkaline or water-logged soil are not suitable for this crop.

Question 16.
What do you know about improved varieties, land preparation and control of weeds for Mash ?
Answer:

• Improved Varieties: Mash-114, Mash-338.
• Land preparation: Plough two or three times and then use Suhaga to leveler.
• Weed Control: Hoeing should be done after one month of sowing or use stomp within 2 days of sowing.

Question 17.
What is the time of sowing for Mash?
Answer:
The time of sowing for Mash in sub-mountainous regions is from 15 to 25 July and in other regions, it is the last week of June to the first week of July. The rainfed crop should be sown with the onset of the monsoon. Sowing should be in rows with spacing 30 cm.

Question 18.
What do you know about the irrigation and harvesting of Mash?
Answer:

• Irrigation: Normally Mash crop does not need irrigation. But in summer it needs irrigation.
• Harvesting: When leaves fall off and pods change color to greyish black, then crop fs ready to harvest.

Question 19.
What do you know about climate and soil for soybean?
Answer:
It needs a hot climate. It can be grown in all types of soils but well-drained, non-saline/alkaline, fertile soil is more suitable for its cultivation.

Question 20.
Write about improved varieties, crop rotation, and land preparation for soybean.
Answer:

• Crop rotation: Soyabean-Wheat/Barley.
• Improved varieties: S.L.-958, S.L.-744.
• Land preparation: Plough twice and use sugar for leveling.

Question 21.
Write about the seed rate, seed treatment, and method of sowing for Soyabean.
Answer:
The seed rate is 25-30 kg per acre. Treat the seed with recommended chemicals. If Soyabean is being sown for the first time, apply bacterial culture to the seeds. Row spacing should be 45 cm.

Question 22.
What do you know about weed control in Soyabean?
Answer:
Hoeing should be done twice to control weeds. Hoeings should be done after 20 and 40 days after sowing. Use stomp after 1-2 days of sowing or use primate after 15-20 days of sowing to control weeds.

Question 23.
Write about the fertilizer application for Soyabean.
Answer:
Apply 4 tonnes per acre of farmyard manure (FYM) before sowing Soyabean. Apply 13 kg nitrogen and 32 kg phosphorus per acre at the time of sowing.

Question 24.
Write about the irrigation of Soyabean.
Answer:
Soybean normally needs 3-4 irrigations. At the time of pod-filling, one irrigation is necessary. In case there is rain, then there is no need for irrigation.

Question 25.
What do you know about the harvesting of Soyabean?
Answer:
When all leaves fall off and pods change their color, crop is ready for harvesting. For storing, moisture content should not be more than 7%.

Question 26.
What do you know about insects/pests and diseases of Soyabean?
Answer:
Hairy caterpillar and whitefly attack Soyabean crop. The disease which affects the crop is the yellow mosaic virus.

Question 27.
What do you know about climate and soil for groundnut?
Answer:
For rainfed crops, nearly 50 cm of rain is a must in July, August, and September. Light to Medium type soils is suitable for groundnut.

Question 28.
Write about improved varieties, land preparation, and crop cycle for groundnut.
Answer:

• Improved varieties: S.G.-99, S.G.-84.
• Land preparation: Prepare the land by plowing it twice.
• Crop cycle: Groundnut-Rabi crops.

Question 29.
Write about seed rate, seed treatment method of sowing for groundnut.
Answer:
Use recommended chemicals for seed treatment. The seed rate is 38-40 kg seed (Kernels) per acre. Sow after Rauni in 30 x 15 cm spacing.

Question 30.
Write about the application of fertilizers in groundnut.
Answer:
Groundnut needs 6 kg nitrogen, 8 kg phosphorus, and 10 kg potash per acre. Potash should be applied after testing the soil. Use superphosphate for phosphorus. It has sulfur also which is necessary for oil seed crops. If phosphorus is not required then 50 kg Gypsum per acre should be applied.

Question 31.
Write about weed control in groundnut.
Answer:
Hoeing is done after 3 and 6 weeks. To control weeds spray stomp after two days of sowing or spray Treflan and sow the crop the same day.

Question 32.
Write about irrigation of groundnut.
Answer:
Depending on rain, groundnut requires 2 or 3 irrigations. If there is less rain then irrigate at the time of flowering. Apply one or two irrigations depending upon rain at the time of pod formation.

Question 33.
Write about harvesting (digging), insects/pests, and diseases of groundnut.
Answer:

• Digging of groundnut: Crop is ready to harvest when uniform yellowing of the leaves takes place and old leaves fell off.
• Insects/Pests and diseases: Hairy caterpillar, white grub, Aphid, etc. can attack the crop. Collar rot, Root-knot, and Tikka, etc. are its diseases.

Question 34.
Write about climate and soil for cotton.
Answer:
Cotton can grow well in hot and dry climates. Cotton can grow on all types of soil but saline, water-logged soil is not suitable.

Question 35.
Write about varieties of cotton and crop cycle.
Answer:
Crop Cycle (rotation) : Ahpos-wheat/Barley, Kapas- sunflower, Kapas-Raiya, cotton-senji/Barseem/oats.
Improved varieties

• B.T. Varieties—NSC-855, Ankur- 3028, MRC-7017, RCH-650.
• Non-B.T. hybrid—LH-144.
• Normal varieties—LH-2108.
• Desi hybrid varieties—PAU-626H.
• Desi Normal varieties—FDK-124, L.D.-694.

Question 36.
Write about seed rate and seed treatment.
Answer:
Seed rate: For one-acre seed rate is :

• B.T. cotton: 700 gram
• Non-B.T. hybrid cotton: 1 kg.
• Normal variety : 3 kg.
• Hybrid desi cotton: 1.5 kg.
• Desi Normal variety : 3 kg.

Seed should be treated with recommended chemicals. To save it from Jassid use Gaucho or cruiser.

Question 37.
Write about the time and method of sowing for cotton.
Answer:
Time: 1 April to 15 May.
Row spacing: 67 cm.
Plant spacing: For normal varieties, it is 60 cm. For BT and non-BT hybrid varieties, plant spacing is 75 cm. For desi cotton it is 45 cm, for desi cotton hybrid varieties, it is 60 cm.

Question 38.
Write about weed control in cotton.
Answer:
Hoeing is done to control weeds. 2 to 3 hoeings are enough. First time hoeing is done before first irrigation. We can use a cultivator attached to the tractor or can use a trial driven by a bullock. Its/chapatti, Madhana/Makra can be controlled by using Stefan before sowing or spray stomp within 24 hours of sowing and hoeing should be done after 45 days or use one of gramophone and round up and spray directly on weeds by using safety hood.

Question 39.
Write about fertilizer application for cotton.
Answer:
Normal varieties: 30 kg nitrogen and 12 kg phosphorus per acre.
B.T. and non-B.T. Ijybrid Varieties: Apply 60 kg nitrogen and 12 kg phosphorus per acre. Apply potash after testing the soil. Apply all amounts of phosphorus at the time of sowing and half nitrogen at the time of thinning and remaining nitrogen at the time of flowering.

Question 40.
Write about irrigation and picking of cotton.
Answer:
Cotton needs 4 to 6 irrigations depending upon rain. First irrigation is applied after 4 to 6 weeks of sowing and after that irrigation is applied at a gap of two or three weeks. Picking Pick clean and dry bolls within 15-20 days so as to get a proper price from the mandi.

Question 41.
Write about insects/pests of cotton.
Answer:
Insects/pests which can damage the crop are Aphid, Jassid, Millibug, Pink bollworm, Tobacco caterpillar, American bollworm, Whitefly, etc.

Question 42.
Which insects do not attack and which attack B.T. cotton?
Answer:
American Bollworm does not attack B.T. cotton because B.T. cotton is genetically modified by the insertion of genes from a bacteria, which produces a protein, which acts as a poison for the bollworm. Sucking Pests and Tobacco caterpillars can attack.

Question 43.
Write about climate and soil requirements for sugarcane.
Answer:
The hot climate is suitable for sugarcane, medium to heavy soil is suitable. This crop can bear saline and alkaline soil to some extent.

Question 44.
Write about improved varieties and crop rotation for spring sugarcane.
Answer:
Crop rotation—Paddy/Maize/Cotton-Raya-Sugarcane- Ratoon-Ratoon II-Wheat.
Improved varieties

• Early maturing—CoJ-85, CoJ-83,
• Mid season varieites—CoPB-91 and CoJ-88
• Late maturing—CoJ-89

Question 45.
Write about land preparation for soil.
Answer:
Four to six hoeings are required. Use sugar after every hoeing. Hoeing should be done up to a depth of 45-50 cm, this is beneficial for the crop since it breaks the hard layer under the soil. Water retention ability is increased. Roots can go deep.

Question 46.
Write about seed selection and seed rate on the basis of weight.
Answer:
Use the top two-thirds portion for sowing. Use 30 to 35 quintal per acre seeds on the basis of weight.

Question 47.
Write about time and method of sowing.
Answer:
Time of sowing—Mid February to end March.
Method of sowing—Plant in rows with spacing of 75 cm and give planking and then water it. One more irrigation should be applied after 4-5 days.

Question 48.
What do you know about inter-crops in SHgarcane?
Answer:
Between two rows of sugarcane, inter-crop a row of summer moong or mash. This way we can get an additional yield of 1 to 2 quintals per acre for these crops. These crops help in increasing the. fertility of the soil and also do not affect the cane yield.

Question 49.
What do you know about fertilizer application for cane crops?
Answer:
FYM (Farm Yard Manure)—Apply 8 tonnes of FYM per acre before 15 days of sowing.
Nitrogen Fertilizer—For plant crops apply 60 kg nitrogen and for Ratoon crops use 90 kg of nitrogen per acre.
Phosphorus fertilizer—Based on soil testing, if a deficiency of phosphorus is found, apply 12 kg phosphorus per acre.
The deficiency of Potash usually does not occur in Punjab.

Question 50.
Give the method to apply fertilizers for sugarcane?
Answer:

Fertilizer	Method to apply
Nitrogen	Apply the first half nitrogen dose with the first irrigation after germination to the planted crop. The remaining half dose is to be applied in May or June. Apply three doses in equal quantity to the ratoon crop in February, April, and May.
Phosphorus	Apply full dose at the time of planting. Phosphorus is drilled rows at the time of cultivation in February.

Question 51.
Write about weed control in sugarcane.
Answer:
To control weeds, two three hoeings are required. We can spread trash between the cane rows to suppress weeds and conserve soil moisture. We can use Atrataf or sensor within two-three days of planting. For Climbing vel and Broadlife weeds use 2, 4-D. In case of summer Moong or summer Mash is sown in sugarcane then stomp herbicide should be used instead of above said herbicides.

Question 52.
Write about irrigation requirements for sugarcane.
Answer:
Climate is hot and dry from April to June. Therefore, irrigate the crop at intervals of 7-12 days. During winter, irrigation should be applied at monthly intervals.

Question 53.
Write improved varieties, time of sowing, and method of sowing for the autumn cane.
Answer:

• Improved varieties—CoJ-85, CoJ-83.
• Time of sowing—20th September to 20th October.
• Row spacing-—90 cm spacing.

Question 54.
Write about intercropping and weed control for the autumn cane.
Answer:
Intercropping. Potato, wheat, toria, cabbage, Raya, gobhi Sarson, gram, pea, radish, garlic etc. Weed control. If wheat or Raya is sown in cane use isoproturon and in case garlic is sown then apply stomp.

Question 55.
Write about the time of sowing and sowing method for fodder crop Maize.
Answer:
Time of sowing. From the first week of March to mid-September.
Row spacing—30 cm.

Question 56.
Write about fertilizer requirements for fodder crop maize.
Answer:
At the time of field, preparation applies 10 tonnes of farmyard manure per acre. Apply 23 kg nitrogen and 12 kg phosphorus per acre.

Question 57.
Write about weed control in fodder maize.
Answer:
Use Atrataf for controlling weeds. Apply within two days of sowing the crop. It can also be used when the crop is at the 2-3 leaves stage. In case of maize and cowpea are sewn together then stomp can be used within two days of sowing.

Question 58.
Write an improved variety of sorghum, field preparation, seed rate, and treatment of seed.
Answer:
Field preparation. One plowing using harrow and two ploughings with a cultivator followed by planting.
Improved variety. SL 44 Seed rate and treatment. 20-25 kg seeds per acre. Use recommended fungicides for the treatment of seeds.

Question 59.
How to control weeds in sorghum?
Answer:
Use Atrataf within two days of sowing. It is helpful in controlling seasonal weeds like its sit/chupati. I guara and sorghum are sown together stomp can be sprayed within two days of sowing.

Question 60.
Write about crop rotation, improved variety, field preparation for Bajra.
Answer:

• Crop rotation—Bajra—Maize-Berseem.
• Improved Varieties—PHBF 1, FBC 16
• Field preparation. 2-3 ploughings are needed.

Long Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Give details of agricultural practices for Bajra.
Answer:
Do it yourself.
Question 2. Write about nursery sowing of paddy.
Answer:
The optimum sowing time for the nursery is 15th to 30th May. At the time of field preparation mix 12-15 ton well rotten farmyard manure per acre. Fertilizers that are applied at the time of sowing are 12 kg nitrogen, 10 kg phosphorus, 13 kg zinc per acre. Treated seeds with recommended fungicides are spread on a thick layer of 7-8 cm wet gunny bags and are also covered by wet gunny bags. This helps in pre-germination. Keep the gunny bags wet by sprinkling water on them. Seeds germinate in 24 to 36 hours. Sow these germinated seeds by the broadcast method of sowing. The seed rate is 8 kg per acre for nursery raising. To prevent weeds use Butachlor or soft herbicide. After 15 days of sowing apply 12 kg nitrogen per acre. Seedlings are ready when they are 20-25 cm tall or have 6-7 leaves.

Question 3.
How to use a mechanical transplanter for transplanting rice?
Answer:
This is a new technique to transplant rice. For this purpose, the nursery is grown on perforated polythene sheets which are of the size of the transplanter frames. Iron frames are placed over it and soil is filled in the frames up to the top surface. Pre-germinated seeds are spread on this soil in the frames and are covered with a thin layer of soil. Sprinkle water on the soil. The frame is lifted carefully and the required number of -such mats are prepared by the same procedure. Mats are kept wet by sprinkling water on a daily basis. For 200 mats nearly 10-12 kg seed is required, which are needed for transplanting for one acre.

Question 4.
Write about the cultivation of rice (Basmati).
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 5.
Write about the cultivation of Maize.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 6.
Write about the cultivation of Moong.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 7.
Write about the cultivation of Mash.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Guide Kharif Crops Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Kharif cereal crops are :
(a) Maize
(b) Rice
(c) Sorghum
(d) All correct
Answer:
(d) All correct

2. Time of sowing for cotton is :
(a) 1 April to 15 May
(b) 1 January to 15 January
(c) December
(d) June
Answer:
(a) 1 April to 15 May

3. Seed rate for pearl popcorn is :
(a) 7 kg per acre
(b) 20 kg per acre
(c) 25 kg per acre
(d) None
Answer:
(a) 7 kg per acre

4. Time of harvesting of Kharif crop is :
(a) January-February
(b) October-November
(c) April-May
(d) Whenever

5. State which is at the top position in India in the production of pulses is :
(a) Himachal Pradesh
(b) Rajasthan
(c) Punjab
(d) Gujarat.
Answer:
(b) Rajasthan

True/False:

1. Varieties of Basmati rice are Punjab basmati-3, Pusa Punjab basmati-1509, Pusa basmati-1121.
Answer:
True

2. In the production of Maize, the United States of America is at the top position in the world whereas Andhra Pradesh is at the top position in India.
Answer:
True

3. Moong requires a cold climate.
Answer:
False

4. Soyabean belongs to both pulses as well as oilseed categories.
Answer:
True

5. Disease which can affect Soyabean yellow mosaic virus.
Answer:
True

Fill in the Blanks:

1. Harvest the Moong crop when about ………………. are mature.
Answer:
80% of pods

2. Maize needs an environment which is considerable……………….. from the germination to flowering.
Answer:
moist and warm

3. Soyabean requires ………….. climate.
Answer:
warm

4. High doses of …………… application to basmati should be avoided.
Answer:
nitrogen

5. Seed rate for Soyabean is …………… seed per acre.
Answer:
25-30 kg