Class 7

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 2 Fractions and Decimals Ex 2.3 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 2 Fractions and Decimals Ex 2.3

1. Solve the following :

Question (i).
\(\frac {1}{3}\) of
(a) \(\frac {1}{5}\)
(b) \(\frac {2}{7}\)
(c) \(\frac {3}{2}\)
Answer:

Question (ii).
\(\frac {3}{4}\) of
(a) \(\frac {2}{9}\)
(b) \(\frac {4}{7}\)
(c) \(\frac {8}{3}\)
Answer:

2. Multiply the fractions and reduce it to the lowest form (If possible) :

Question (i).
\(\frac{2}{7} \times \frac{7}{9}\)
Answer:
\(\frac{2}{7} \times \frac{7}{9}\)
= \(\frac {2}{9}\)

Question (ii).
\(\frac{1}{3} \times \frac{15}{8}\)
Answer:
\(\frac{1}{3} \times \frac{15}{8}\)
= \(\frac {5}{8}\)

Question (iii).
\(\frac{12}{27} \times \frac{3}{9}\)
Answer:
\(\frac{12}{27} \times \frac{3}{9}\)
= \(\frac {4}{27}\)

Question (iv).
\(\frac{2}{5} \times \frac{6}{4}\)
Answer:
\(\frac{2}{5} \times \frac{6}{4}\)
= \(\frac {3}{5}\)

Question (v).
\(\frac{81}{100} \times \frac{6}{7}\)
Answer:
\(\frac{81}{100} \times \frac{6}{7}\)
= \(\frac {243}{350}\)

Question (vi).
\(\frac{3}{5} \times \frac{5}{27}\)
Answer:
\(\frac{3}{5} \times \frac{5}{27}\)
= \(\frac {1}{9}\)

3. Multiply the following fractions :

Question (i).
\(\frac{3}{2} \times 5 \frac{1}{3}\)
Answer:
\(\frac{3}{2} \times 5 \frac{1}{3}\)
= \(\frac{3}{2} \times \frac{16}{3}\)
= 8

Question (ii).
\(\frac{1}{7} \times 5 \frac{2}{3}\)
Answer:
\(\frac{1}{7} \times 5 \frac{2}{3}\)
= \(\frac{1}{7} \times \frac{17}{3}\)
= \(\frac {17}{21}\)

Question (iii).
\(2 \frac{5}{6} \times 4\)
Answer:
\(2 \frac{5}{6} \times 4\)
= \(\frac {17}{6}\) × 4
= \(\frac {34}{3}\)
= 11\(\frac {1}{3}\)

Question (iv).
\(4 \frac{1}{3} \times 9 \frac{1}{4}\)
Answer:
\(4 \frac{1}{3} \times 9 \frac{1}{4}\)
= \(\frac{13}{3} \times \frac{37}{4}\)
= \(\frac {481}{12}\)

Question (v).
\(2 \frac{2}{3} \times 3 \frac{5}{8}\)
Answer:
\(2 \frac{2}{3} \times 3 \frac{5}{8}\)
= \(\frac{8}{3} \times \frac{29}{8}\)
= 9\(\frac {2}{3}\)

Question (vi).
\(3 \frac{1}{5} \times 2 \frac{1}{4}\)
Answer:
\(3 \frac{1}{5} \times 2 \frac{1}{4}\)
= \(\frac{16}{5} \times \frac{9}{4}\)
= \(\frac {36}{5}\)
= 7\(\frac {1}{5}\)

4. Which fraction is greater in the following fractions ?

Question (i).
\(\frac {3}{2}\) of \(\frac {2}{7}\) or \(\frac {5}{2}\) of \(\frac {3}{8}\)
Answer:
\(\frac {3}{2}\) of \(\frac {2}{7}\)
= \(\frac{3}{2} \times \frac{2}{7}\)
= \(\frac {3}{7}\)
or
\(\frac {5}{2}\) of \(\frac {3}{8}\)
= \(\frac{5}{2} \times \frac{3}{8}\)
= \(\frac {15}{16}\)
Since, \(\frac {15}{16}\) > \(\frac {3}{7}\)
So, \(\frac {5}{2}\) of \(\frac {3}{8}\) is greater.

Question (ii).
\(\frac {1}{2}\) of \(\frac {6}{5}\) or \(\frac {1}{3}\) of \(\frac {4}{5}\)
Answer:
\(\frac {1}{2}\) of \(\frac {6}{5}\)
= \(\frac {1}{2}\) × \(\frac {6}{5}\)
= \(\frac {3}{5}\)
or
\(\frac {1}{3}\) of \(\frac {4}{5}\)
= \(\frac {1}{3}\) × \(\frac {4}{5}\)
= \(\frac {4}{15}\)
Since, \(\frac {3}{5}\) > \(\frac {4}{15}\)
So, \(\frac {1}{2}\) of \(\frac {6}{5}\) is greater.

5. If the speed of a car is 105 \(\frac {1}{3}\) km/hr, find the distance covered by it m 3\(\frac {2}{3}\) hours.
Answer:
Distance travelled in 1 hour= 105\(\frac {1}{3}\) km
= \(\frac {316}{3}\) km
Distance travelled in 3\(\frac {2}{3}\) hours i.e. in \(\frac {11}{3}\) hours
= \(\frac {11}{3}\) × \(\frac {316}{3}\) km
= \(\frac {3476}{9}\) km
= 386\(\frac {2}{9}\)km

6. The length of a rctangular plot of land is 29\(\frac {3}{7}\) m. If its breadth is 12\(\frac {8}{11}\)m, find its area.
Answer:
Length of rectangular plot (l)
= 29\(\frac {3}{7}\)m = \(\frac {206}{7}\)m
Breadth of rectangular plot (b)
= 12\(\frac {8}{11}\)m = \(\frac {140}{11}\)m
Area of rectangular plot
= l × b = \(\frac{206}{7} \mathrm{~m} \times \frac{140}{11} \mathrm{~m}\)
= \(\frac{4120}{11}\) sq.m
= 374\(\frac{6}{11}\) sq.m

7. If a cloth costs ₹ 120 \(\frac {1}{4}\) per metre, find the cost of 4\(\frac {1}{3}\) metre of this cloth.
Answer:
Per m cost of cloth = ₹ 120\(\frac {1}{4}\)
= ₹ \(\frac {481}{4}\)
Cost of 4\(\frac {1}{3}\) metre of this cloth
= \(\frac {1}{3}\) × ₹ \(\frac {481}{4}\)
= ₹ \(\frac {6253}{12}\)
= ₹ 521\(\frac {1}{12}\)

8. Multiple choice questions :

Question (i).
\(\frac {1}{4}\) of \(\frac {8}{3}\) is :
(a) \(\frac {9}{7}\)
(b) \(\frac {8}{4}\)
(c) \(\frac {2}{3}\)
(d) 1
Answer:
(c) \(\frac {2}{3}\)

Question (ii).
\(\frac {3}{2}\) × \(\frac {2}{3}\) = ?
(a) 1
(b) \(\frac {5}{6}\)
(c) 3
(d) \(\frac {6}{5}\)
Answer:
(a) 1

Question (iii).
The value of the product of two proper fractions is :
(a) greater than both of the proper fractions.
(b) lesser than both of the proper fractions.
(c) lie between the given two fractions.
(d) none of these.
Answer:
(b) lesser than both of the proper fractions.

9. Check if the following equations are ‘True’ or ‘False’ :

Question (i).
\(1 \frac{2}{3} \times 4 \frac{5}{7}=4 \frac{10}{21} ?\) (True/False)
Answer:
False

Question (ii).
\(\frac{3}{4} \times \frac{2}{3}=\frac{2}{3} \times \frac{3}{4} ?\) (True/False)
Answer:
True

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 2 Fractions and Decimals Ex 2.2 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 2 Fractions and Decimals Ex 2.2

1. Match the following :

Answer:
(a) (ii),
(b) (iii),
(c) (iv),
(d) (i).

2. Multiply whole number to a fraction and reduce it to the lowest form. Also convert into a mixed fraction :

Question (i).
4 × \(\frac {1}{3}\)
Answer:
4 × \(\frac {1}{3}\) = \(\frac{4 \times 1}{3}\)
= \(\frac {4}{3}\)
= 1\(\frac {1}{3}\)

Question (ii).
11 × \(\frac {4}{7}\)
Answer:
11 × \(\frac {4}{7}\) = \(\frac{11 \times 4}{7}\)
= \(\frac {44}{7}\)
= 6\(\frac {2}{7}\)

Question (iii).
\(\frac {3}{4}\) × 6
Answer:
\(\frac {3}{4}\) × 6 = \(\frac{3 \times 6}{4}\)
= \(\frac {9}{2}\)
= 4\(\frac {1}{2}\)

Question (iv).
\(\frac {9}{7}\) × 5
Answer:
\(\frac {9}{7}\) × 5 = \(\frac {45}{7}\)
= 6\(\frac {3}{7}\)

Question (v).
2\(\frac {5}{6}\) × 4
Answer:
2\(\frac {5}{6}\) × 4 = \(\frac{17}{6} \times 4\)
= \(\frac{17 \times 4}{6}\)
= \(\frac{17 \times 2}{3}\)
= \(\frac {34}{3}\)
= 11\(\frac {1}{3}\)

Question (vi).
10\(\frac {5}{6}\) × 5
Answer:
10\(\frac {5}{6}\) × 5
= \(\frac {65}{6}\) × 5
= \(\frac{65 \times 5}{6}\)
= \(\frac {325}{6}\)
= 54\(\frac {1}{6}\)

Question (vii).
5 × 6\(\frac {3}{4}\)
Answer:
5 × 6\(\frac {3}{4}\) = 5 × \(\frac {27}{4}\)
= \(\frac{5 \times 27}{4}\)
= \(\frac {135}{4}\)
= 33\(\frac {3}{4}\)

Question (viii).
3 \(\frac {2}{5}\) × 8
Answer:
3 \(\frac {2}{5}\) × 8 = \(\frac {17}{5}\) × 8
= \(\frac{17 \times 8}{5}\)
= \(\frac {136}{5}\)
= 27\(\frac {1}{5}\)

3. Solve :

Question (i).
\(\frac {1}{2}\) of 46
Answer:
\(\frac {1}{2}\) of 46
= \(\frac {1}{2}\) × 46
= 23

Question (ii).
\(\frac {2}{3}\) of 27
Answer:
\(\frac {2}{3}\) of 27
= \(\frac {2}{3}\) × 27
= 18

Question (iii).
\(\frac {1}{3}\) of 36
Answer:
\(\frac {1}{3}\) of 36
= \(\frac {1}{3}\) × 36
= 12

Question (iv).
\(\frac {3}{4}\) of 16
Answer:
\(\frac {3}{4}\) of 16
= \(\frac {3}{4}\) × 16
= 12

Question (v).
\(\frac {5}{7}\) of 35
Answer:
\(\frac {5}{7}\) of 35
= \(\frac {5}{7}\) × 35
= 25

4. Shade :

(i) \(\frac {1}{3}\) of the rectangles in box (a)
(ii) \(\frac {2}{3}\) of the circles in box (b)
(iii) \(\frac {1}{2}\) of the triangles in box (c)

Answer:

5. Rahul earns ₹ 44,000 per month. He spends \(\frac {3}{4}\) th of his income every month and saves the rest of his earning. Find his monthly savings ?
Answer:
Rahul earns per month = ₹ 44000
He spends = \(\frac {3}{4}\)th of ₹ 44000
= ₹ \(\frac {3}{4}\) × 44000
= ₹ 33000
His savings = ₹ 44,000 – ₹ 33000
= ₹ 11000

6. The cost of a book is ₹ 117\(\frac {1}{2}\). Find the cost of 8 books ?
Answer:
Cost of one book = ₹ 117 \(\frac {1}{2}\)
= ₹ \(\frac {235}{2}\)
Cost of 8 books = 8 × ₹ \(\frac {235}{2}\)
= ₹ 4 × 235
= ₹ 940

7. Multiple choice questions :

Question (i).
\(\frac {1}{2}\) × 8 is equal to
(a) 8
(6) 2
(c) 4
(d) 1
Answer:
(c) 4

Question (ii).
\(\frac {3}{2}\) of 16 is :
(a) 48
(b) 8
(c) 3
(d) 24
Answer:
(d) 24

Question (iii).
What fraction of an hour is 40 minutes ?
(a) \(\frac {2}{3}\)
(b) 40
(c) \(\frac {1}{4}\)
(d) \(\frac {1}{2}\)
Answer:
(a) \(\frac {2}{3}\)

Question (iv).
What fraction does the shaded part of figure represent ?

(a) \(\frac {1}{3}\)
(b) \(\frac {2}{3}\)
(c) \(\frac {3}{4}\)
(d) \(\frac {1}{2}\)
Answer:
(c) \(\frac {3}{4}\)

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 2 Fractions and Decimals Ex 2.1 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 2 Fractions and Decimals Ex 2.1

1. Solve the following fractions :

Question (i).
4 + \(\frac {7}{8}\)
Answer:
4 + \(\frac {7}{8}\)
= \(\frac{4 \times 8+7}{8}\)
= \(\frac{32+7}{8}\)
= \(\frac {39}{8}\)
= 4\(\frac {7}{8}\)

Question (ii).
\(\frac{9}{11}-\frac{4}{15}\)
Answer:
\(\frac{9}{11}-\frac{4}{15}\)
= \(\frac{9 \times 15-4 \times 11}{11 \times 15}\)
= \(\frac{135-44}{165}\)
= \(\frac {91}{165}\)

Question (iii).
\(\frac{11}{16}-\frac{2}{5}+\frac{8}{10}\)
Answer:
\(\frac{11}{16}-\frac{2}{5}+\frac{8}{10}\)

LCM of 16, 5 and 10
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5
= 80
= \(\frac{11 \times 5-2 \times 16+8 \times 8}{80}\)
= \(\frac{55-32+64}{80}\)
= \(\frac {87}{80}\)
= 1\(\frac {7}{80}\)

Question (iv).
\(2 \frac{1}{5}+6 \frac{1}{2}\)
Answer:
\(2 \frac{1}{5}+6 \frac{1}{2}\)
= \(\frac{11}{5}+\frac{13}{2}\)
= \(\frac{11 \times 2+13 \times 5}{5 \times 2}\)
= \(\frac{22+65}{10}\)
= \(\frac {87}{10}\)
= 8\(\frac {7}{10}\)

Question (v).
\(8 \frac{1}{2}-3 \frac{5}{8}\)
Answer:
\(8 \frac{1}{2}-3 \frac{5}{8}\)
= \(\frac{17}{2}-\frac{29}{8}\)
= \(\frac{17 \times 4-29}{8}\)
= \(\frac{68-29}{8}\)
= \(\frac {39}{8}\)
= 4\(\frac {7}{8}\)

Question (vi).
\(\frac{9}{10}-\frac{9}{100}+\frac{9}{1000}\)
Answer:
\(\frac{9}{10}-\frac{9}{100}+\frac{9}{1000}\)
= \(\frac{9 \times 100-9 \times 10+9}{1000}\)
= \(\frac{900-90+9}{1000}\)
= \(\frac {810}{1000}\)

2. Arrange the following in ascending order :

Question (i).
\(\frac{2}{17}, \frac{10}{17}, \frac{3}{17}, \frac{16}{17}, \frac{5}{17}, \frac{8}{17}\)
Answer:
Ascending order of \(\frac{2}{17}, \frac{10}{17}, \frac{3}{17}, \frac{16}{17}, \frac{5}{17}, \frac{8}{17}\) is:
\(\frac{2}{17}, \frac{3}{17}, \frac{5}{17}, \frac{8}{17}, \frac{10}{17}, \frac{16}{17}\)

Question (ii).
\(\frac{1}{5}, \frac{3}{7}, \frac{7}{10}\)
Answer:
\(\frac{1}{5}, \frac{3}{7}, \frac{7}{10}\)

L.C.M of 5, 7 , 10 = 2 × 5 × 7
= 70

3. The three sides AB, BC and CA of a triangle ΔABC are \(\frac {5}{6}\)cm, \(\frac {2}{3}\)cm and \(\frac {7}{10}\) cm respectively. Find the perimeter of the triangle.

Answer:
Slides of ΔABC are
AB = \(\frac {5}{6}\) cm,
BC = \(\frac {2}{3}\)
CA = \(\frac {7}{10}\)

L.C.M. (6, 3, 10) = 2 × 3 × 5 = 30
Perimeter of ΔABC = AB + BC + CA

4. Ramesh studies for 5\(\frac {2}{3}\) hours daily. He devotes 2\(\frac {4}{5}\) hours of his time for science devotes for other subjects ?
Answer:
Total daily time for all subjects
= 5\(\frac {2}{3}\) hours = \(\frac {17}{3}\) hours
Time for science and mathematics
= 2\(\frac {4}{5}\) hours = \(\frac {14}{5}\) hours
Time for other subjects

5. Sonia jogs once around the rectangular park of sides 10\(\frac {2}{3}\)m and 12\(\frac {1}{2}\)m. Find the total distance covered by the Sonia.

Answer:
Length of rectangular park
= 12\(\frac {1}{2}\)m = \(\frac {25}{2}\)m
Breadth of rectangular park
= 10\(\frac {2}{3}\)m = \(\frac {32}{3}\)m
Total distance covered by Sonia = 2 [Length + Breadth]
= \(2\left(\frac{32}{3}+\frac{25}{3}\right) \mathrm{m}\)
= \(2\left(\frac{32 \times 2+25 \times 3}{3 \times 2}\right) \mathrm{m}\)
= \(2\left(\frac{65+75}{6}\right) \mathrm{m}\)
= \(\frac {278}{6}\) m
= \(\frac {139}{3}\) m
= 46\(\frac {1}{3}\) m

6. Ritu coloured a picture in \(\frac {7}{12}\) hours. Vaibhav coloured the same picture in \(\frac {3}{4}\) hours. Who worked for a longer time and by what fraction ?
Answer:
Time taken by Ritu to colour
= \(\frac {7}{12}\) hours
Time taken by Vaibhav = \(\frac {3}{4}\) hours
= \(\frac {3}{4}\) × \(\frac {3}{3}\)
= \(\frac {9}{12}\) hours
Since 9 > 7
∴ \(\frac {9}{12}\) > \(\frac {7}{12}\)
∴ Vaibhav worked for more time.
Difference between time taken by
Vaibhav and Ritu = \(\frac{3}{4}-\frac{7}{12}\)
= \(\frac{3 \times 3-7}{12}\)
= \(\frac{9-7}{12}=\frac{2}{12}\)
= \(\frac {1}{6}\) of an hour.

7. Multiple Choice Questions :

Question (i).
Fraction \(\frac {2}{5}\), \(\frac {7}{5}\) are :
(a) Like fractions
(b) Unlike fractions
(c) Equivalent fractions
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Like fractions

Question (ii).
What fraction do 8 hours of a day represents ?
(a) \(\frac {1}{2}\)
(b) \(\frac {1}{3}\)
(c) \(\frac {8}{60}\)
(d) \(\frac {2}{3}\)
Answer:
(b) \(\frac {1}{3}\)

Question (iii).
Equivalent fraction of \(\frac {3}{5}\) is :
(a) \(\frac {13}{15}\)
(b) \(\frac {5}{3}\)
(c) \(\frac {9}{15}\)
(d) \(\frac {5}{13}\)
Answer:
(c) \(\frac {9}{15}\)

Question (iv).
Shaded area of given triangle represents the fractions:
(a) \(\frac {1}{3}\)
(b) \(\frac {3}{4}\)
(c) \(\frac {1}{4}\)
(d) \(\frac {2}{3}\)

Answer:
(b) \(\frac {3}{4}\)

Question (v).
Sum of fractions \(\frac {2}{7}\), \(\frac {3}{4}\) is equal to :
(a) \(\frac {5}{28}\)
(b) \(\frac {1}{3}\)
(c) \(\frac {5}{11}\)
(d) \(\frac {29}{28}\)
Answer:
(d) \(\frac {29}{28}\)

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 1 Integers MCQ Questions with Answers.

PSEB 7th Class Maths Chapter 1 Integers MCQ Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
The value of -| – 21| is :
(a) 21
(b) -21
(c) 1
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) -21

Question 2.
17 + (-18) =
(a) 35
(b) 1
(c) -1
(d) -35.
Answer:
(c) -1

Question 3.
(-15) × 0 is equal to :
(a) 0
(b) -15
(c) 15
(d) 1.
Answer:
(a) 0

Question 4.
The product of 3 × -1 is :
(a) 3
(b) – 3
(c) 1
(d) -1.
Answer:
(b) – 3

Question 5.
(-8) ÷ (-1) is equal to :
(a) 8
(b) 1
(c) -8
(d) -1.
Answer:
(a) 8

Fill in the blanks

Question 1.
0 is greater than every …………….. integer
Answer:
Negative

Question 2.
25 – 10 = -10 + ……..
Answer:
25

Question 3.
15 × ……… = 0
Answer:
0

Question 4.
369 ÷ ……… = 369
Answer:
1

Question 5.
20 ÷ ……… = -2.
Answer:
-10

Write True or False

Question 1.
Sum of two integeres is also integer.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
(-7) + 3 = 3 + (-7) (True/False)
Answer:
True

Question 3.
-2 + 2 = 0 (True/False)
Answer:
True

Question 4.
1 ÷ a = 1 (True/False)
Answer:
False

Question 5.
a ÷ 1 = 0. (True/False)
Answer:
True

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 1 Integers Ex 1.4 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 1 Integers Ex 1.4

1. Evaluate each of the following :
(i) 76 ÷ 19
(ii) (-156) ÷ (-12)
(iii) (-125) ÷ (-1)
(iv) (125) ÷ (-25)
(v) 0 ÷ (-5)
(vi) (-15) ÷ (15)
Answer:

2. Write all even integers between -18 and 0.
Answer:
All even integers between – 18 and 0 are :
-16, -14, -12, -10, -8, -6, -4, -2.

3. Write all odd integers between -9 and 9.
Answer:
All odd integers between -9 and 9 are :
-7, -5, -3, -1, 1, 3, 5, 7.

4. By what number should (-240) be divided to obtain 16.
Answer:
Let the required number be x
∴ -240 ÷ x = 16

Hence, the required number is -15

5. Find the value of :

Question (i).
125 ÷ [5 ÷ (-1)]
Answer:
125 ÷ [5 ÷ (-1)] = 125 ÷ (-5)
= -25 Ans.

Question (ii).
[169 ÷ 13] ÷ [26 ÷ 2]
Answer:
[169 ÷ 13] ÷ [26 ÷ 2]
= [13] ÷ [13] = 1 Ans.

Question (iii).
[(-105) ÷ 3] ÷ 7
Answer:
[(-105) ÷ 3] ÷ 7
= [-35] ÷ 7
= -5.

6. Simplify : 12 – [8 + 27 ÷ (2 × 8 – 7)]
Answer:
12 – [8 + 27 + (2 × 8 – 7)]
= 12 – [8 + 27 ÷ (16 – 7)]
= 12 – [8 + 27 ÷ (9)]
= 12 – [8 + 3] = 12- 11
= 1

7. Simplify : 10 – [8 – {11 + 30 ÷ (4 + 2)}]
Answer:
10 – [8 – {11 + 30 (4 + 2)}]
= 10 – [8 – {11 + 30 ÷ 6}]
= 10 – [8 – (11 + 5)]
= 10 – [8 – 16]
= 10 – [-8]
= 10 + 8 = 18

8. Multiple Choice Questions :

Question (i).
(-8) ÷ 2 =
(a) -16
(b) -4
(c) 4
(d) -8.
Answer:
(b) -4

Question (ii).
(-7) ÷ (-7) =
(a) -1
(b) 49
(c) -49
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(d) None of these.

Question (iii).
0 ÷ 2 =
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) -2
(d) 0.
Answer:
(d) 0.

9. The quotient of two integers is always an integer. (True/False)
Answer:
False.

10. If a and b are two unequal non-zero integers then a ÷ b = b ÷ a. (True/False)
Answer:
False.

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 1 Integers Ex 1.3 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 1 Integers Ex 1.3

1. Find the product of :
(i) (-15) × 0
(ii) (-35) × 1
(iii) (-13) × (-12)
(iv) (-20) × 16
(v) (-15) × (-4) × (-5)
(vi) (-8) × (-5) × 9
(vii) (-2) × (-5) × (-4) × (-10)
(viii) (-8) × 0 + [(-5) × (-4)]
Answer:
(i) (-15) × 0 = 0.
(ii) (-35) × 1 = -35.
(iii) (-13) × (-12) = 156.
(iv) (-20) × 16 = -(20 × 16) = -320

(v) (-15) × (-4) × (-5) = (-15 × -4) × (-5)
= 60 × (-5)
= -(60 × 5)
= -300.

(vi) (-8) × (-5) × 9
= [(-8) × (-5)] × 9
= 40 × 9 = 360.

(vii) (-2) × (-5) × (-4) × (-10)
= [(-2) × (-5)] × [(-4) × (-10)]
= 10 × 40 = 400.

(viii) (-8) × 0 + [(-5) × (-4)]
= [(-8) × 0] + [(-5) × (-4)]
= 0 + 20 = 20.

2.
Question (i).
Verify : 15 × [9 + (-6)] = (15 × 9) + (15 × (-6)]
Answer:
L.H.S. = 15 × [9 + (-6)]
= 15 × [9 – 6]
= 15 × 3 = 45.
R.H.S. = (15 × 9) + [(15 × (-6)]
= 135 + (-90)
= 135 – 90 = 45
∴ L.H.S = R.H.S.

Question (ii).
Verify : 18 × [(-5) + (-4)] = [18 × (-5)] + [18 × (-4)]
Answer:
L.H.S. = 18 × [(-5) + (-4)]
= 18 × (-9)
= -162.
R.H.S. = [(18) × (-5)] + [18 × (-4)] = (-90) + (-72)
= – 162.
∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S.

3. Fill in the blanks :

Answer:
(i) 15 × 0 = 0.
(ii) -25 × -1 = 25.
(iii) (-15) × 18 = 18 × (-15)
(iv) (-10) × [(-15) + (-5)] = (-10) × -15 + (-10) × (-5)
(v) (-6) × [(-5) × (-18)] = (-6) × -5 × -18.

4. Find product using properties :

Question (i).
15 × (-20) + (-20) × (-5)
Answer:
15 × (-20) + (-20) × (-5)
= (-20) × [15 + (-5)]
= (-20) × [15 – 5]
= (-20) × (10)
= -200.

Question (ii).
(15 × 8) × 50
Answer:
(15 × 8) × 50
= 120 × 50
= 6000.

Question (iii).
8 × (40 – 5)
Answer:
8 × (40 – 5)
= 8 × 40 – 8 × 5
= 320 – 40
= 280.

Question (iv).
510 × (-45) + (-510) × 55
Answer:
510 × (-45) + (-510) × 55
= 510 [(-45) + (-55)]
= 510 [-100]
= -51000.

5. In a class test containing 15 questions, 2 marks are awarded for every correct answer and (-1) mark awarded for every incorrect answer and 0 mark for questions not attempted.
(i) Kritika gets 5 correct and 10 incorrect answers. What is her score ?
(ii) Rohan gets 7 correct and 7 incorrect answers out of 14 questions he attempted. What is his score ?
Answer:
(i) Marks given for one correct answer = 2
Marks given for 5 correct answers = 2 × 5 = 10
Marks given for one incorrect answer = -1
Marks given for 10 incorrect answers = -1 × 10 = -10
Total marks Kritika scored in the test = 10 + (-10)
= 10 – 10 = 0.

(ii) Marks given for one correct answer = 2
Marks given for 7 correct answers = 2 × 7 = 14
Marks given for one incorrect answer = -1
Marks given for 7 incorrect answers = – 1 × 7 = -7
Total marks Rohan scored in the test = 14 + (-7)
= 14 – 7 = 7.

6. Multiple Choice Questions :

Question (i).
(-19) – (13) is equal to
(a) -32
(b) 6
(c) -6
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) -6

Question (ii).
(-6) × (-5) × 0 is equal to :
(a) 0
(b) -6
(c) -5
(d) 30.
Answer:
(a) 0

(iii) 0 ÷ (-10) is equal to :
(a) 0
(b) -1
(c) -10
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) 0

(iv) (-33) × 102 + (-33) × (-2) is equal to :
(a) 3300
(b) -3300
(c) 3432
(d) -3432.
Answer:
(b) -3300

(v) 101 × (-1) + 0 × (-1) is equal to :
(a) -101
(b) 101
(c) -102
(d) 102.
Answer:
(a) -101

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 1 Integers Ex 1.2 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 1 Integers Ex 1.2

1. Find the value of:
(a) 32 + 15
(b) 17 + (-18)
(c) (-25) + (21)
(d) (-8) + (-11)
(e) (-13) + (21)
(f) (-19) + (0)
(g) (-85) – (-10)
(h) (15) – (6)
(i) (45) – (-27)
(j) (-62) – (52)
Answer:
(a) 32 + 15 = 47
(b) 17 + (-18) = – 1
(c) (-25) + (21) = -4
(d) (-8) + (- 11) = – 19
(e) (-13) + (21) = 8
(f) (-19) + (0) = – 19
(g) (- 85) – (- 10) = – 85 + 10 = – 75
(h) (15) – (6) = 9
(i) (45) – (- 27) = 45 + 27 = 72
(j) (- 62) – (52) = – 62 – 52 = – 114

2. Solve the following :

Question (a).
(-3) + 7 + (-8)
Answer:
(- 3) + 7 + (- 8) = (- 3) + (- 8) + 7
= – 11 + 7
[∵ (- 3) + (- 8) = – 11] = – 4

Question (b).
(- 2) – (- 1) – (4)
Answer:
(- 2) – (- 1) – (4)= – 2 + 1 – 4
= (- 2) + (- 4) + 1
= – 6 + 1 = – 5

Question (c).
8 + (- 7) – (- 6)
Answer:
8 + (- 7) – (- 6) = 8 + (- 7) + (6)
= (8) + (6) + (- 7)
= 14 + (- 7) = 7

Question (d).
(- 12) – (- 17)+ (- 25)
Answer:
(- 12) – (- 17) + (- 25) = (- 12) + (+ 17) + (- 25)
= (- 12) + (- 25) + (+ 17)
[∵ (- 12) + (- 25) = (- 37)]
= (- 37) + (+ 17)
= – 20

3. Find the value of:

Question (a).
15 – (- 5) + 12 + (- 8) + (- 3)
Answer:
15 – (- 5) + 12 + (- 8) + (- 3)
= 15 + (+ 5) + 12 + (- 8) + (- 3)
= 32 + (- 11)
= 21
[∵ 15 + (+ 5) + 12 = 32 and (- 8) + (- 3) = (- 11)]

Question (b).
(- 32) – (-11) + (- 25) + 27 – 13 + (- 7)
Answer:
(- 32) – (- 11) + (- 25) + 27 – 13 + (- 7)
= (- 32) + (+ 11) + (- 25) + 27 – 13 + (- 7)
= 11 + 27 + (- 32) + (- 25) – 13 + (- 7)
= 38 + (- 77)
= – 39.
[∵ 11 + 27 = 38 and (- 32) + (- 25) – 13 + (- 7) = – 77]

Question (c).
160 + (- 150) + (- 130) – (-100)
Answer:
160 + (- 150) + (- 130) – (- 100)
= 160 + (- 150) + (- 130) + (+ 100)
= 160 + (+ 100) + (- 150) + (- 130)
= 260 + (- 280)
= – 20
[∵ 160 + (+ 100) = 260 and (-150) + (- 130) = – 280)]

Question (d).
25 – (- 15) + (- 12) + 21 – 65 – (- 38)
Answer:
25 – (- 15) + (- 12) + 21 – 65 – (- 38)
= 25 + (+ 15) + (- 12) + 21 – 65 + (+ 38)
= 25 + (+ 15) + 21 + (+ 38) + (- 12) – 65
= 99 + (- 77)
= 22
[∵ 25 + (+ 15) + 21 + (+ 38) = 99 and (- 12) – 65 = – 77]

4. Fill in the blanks using properties of addition and subtraction of integers :

Answer:

5. The difference between two integers is – 10. If first integers is 17, then find the other integer ?
Answer:
Difference = – 10
1^st Integer = 17
2^nd Integer = 1^st integer – Difference
= 17 – (- 10)
= 17 + 10 = 27

6. Write three consecutive odd integers succeeding (- 93).
Answer:
Three consecutive odd integers succeeding (- 93) are – 91, – 89, – 87.

7. At sunrise, the outside temperature was 7° below zero. In the afternoon the temperature rose by 13° and then fell by 8° at night. What was the temperature at the end of the day ?
Answer:
At sunrise, the outside temperature = 0° – 7° = -7°
In the afternoon the temperature = – 7° + 13°
= 6°
At night the temperature
= 6° – 8°
= – 2°
At the end of the day temperature – 2°.

8. Manjeet Singh has a bank balance of -₹430 at the start of the month. What was the bank balance, after he deposited ₹ 250 ?
Answer:
Manjeet Singh’s bank balance in the start of the month = -₹430
Amount deposited in the bank = ₹ 250
The bank balance after depositing = -₹430 + ₹ 250
= -₹(430 + 250)
= -₹180

9. Mount Everest, the highest elevation in Asia, is 29028 feet above the sea level. The Dead Sea is 1312 feet below the sea level. What is the difference between these two elevations ?
Answer:
The elevation of Mount Everest = + 29028 feet
The elevation of the Dead sea = – 1312 feet
Difference between these two elevations = [+ 29028 – (- 1312) feet
= (29098 + 1312) feet
= 30340 feet.

10. In a quiz, Team A scored 70, – 15, 30. Team B scored – 15, 70, 30 and team C score 30, 70, – 15. Which team scored better ? What conclusion do you draw ?

Answer:
Total scores scored by team A = 70 + (- 15) + 30
= 70 + 30 + (- 15)
= 100 – 15 = 85
Total scores scored by team B
= (- 15) + 70 + 30
= (- 15) + 100 = 85
Total scores scored by team C
= 30 + 70 + (- 15)
= 100 + (- 15) = 85
Scores are equal addition of integers is associative Ans.

11. In a competition there are 5 Teams and three rounds. The scores of all the teams are given below in the table. Complete the table and find, the teams at 1st, Ind and IIIrd positions.

Answer:

Ist – A, IInd – C, III – D.

12. Multiple choice questions :

Question (i).
(- 5) + (5) =
(a) -10
(b) 5
(c) 10
(d) 0.
Answer:
(d) 0.

Question (ii).
(- 10) + (- 12) =
(a) -2
(b) 22
(c) -22
(d) 2.
Answer:
(c) -22

Question (iii).
(- 1) – (-1) =
(a) – 2
(b) -1
(c) 2
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(d) None of these.

Question (iv).
Which of the following statements is incorrect ?
(a) Sum of two integers is also an integer.
(b) For all integers a and b, a + b = b + a.
(c) Difference of two integers is also an integer.
(d) Subtraction of integers is commutative.
Answer:
(d) Subtraction of integers is commutative.

Question (v).
Which of the following is correct ?
(a) (- 7) – (3) = 3 – (- 7)
(b) (- 7) + 3 = 3 + (- 7)
(c) (- 1) + [(5) + (- 3)] = [(- 1) + (5)] – (- 3)
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) (- 7) + 3 = 3 + (- 7)

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 1 Integers Ex 1.1 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 1 Integers Ex 1.1

1. Use the appropriate symbol >, <, = to fill in the blanks

Answer:
(i) -3  >  -5
(ii) – 2  <  5-4
(iii) 8-4  >  – 3
(iv) – 6  <  5-0
(v) 5  =  8-3
(vi) 0  >  – 3.

2. Arrange the following integers in ascending order.

Question (i)
– 2, 12, – 43, 31, 7, – 35, – 10
Answer:
Given positive integers are 12, 31, 7
Ascending order is 7 < 12 < 31
Given negative integers are – 2, – 43, – 35, -10
Ascending order is – 43 < – 35 < – 10 < -2.
Hence, all given integers in ascending order are :
– 43 < – 35 < -10 < – 2 < 7 < 12 < 31.
i.e. – 43, – 35, – 10, – 2, 7, 12, 31.

Question (ii)
– 20, 13, 4, 0, – 5, 5
Answer:
Given positive integers are 13, 4, 5
Ascending order is 4 < 5 < 13
Given negative integers are – 20, – 5
Ascending order is -20 < – 5.
Hence all given integers in ascending order are :
– 20 < – 5 < 0 < 4 < 5 < 13
i.e. – 20, – 5, 0, 4, 5, 13

3. Arrange the following integers in descending order.

Question (i)
0, – 7, 19, – 23, – 3, 8, 46
Answer:
Given positive integers are 19, 8, 46
Descending order is 46 > 19 > 8
Given negative integers are – 7, – 23, – 3
Descending order is – 3 > – 1 > – 23
Hence, all given integers in descending order are :
46 > 19 > 8 > 0 > – 3 > – 7 > – 23
i.e. 46, 19, 8, 0, – 3, – 7, – 23

Question (ii)
30, – 2, 0, – 6, – 20, 8.
Answer:
Given positive integers are 30, 8
Descending order is 30 > 8
Given negative integers are – 2, – 6, – 20
Descending order is-2 > -6 > -20
Hence all given integers in descending order are :
30 > 8 > 0 > -2 > – 6 > – 20
i.e. 30, 8, 0, – 2, – 6, – 20

4. Evaluate :

Question (i)
30 – | -21 |
Answer:
30 – | -21 | = 30 – 21
[∵ | – 21 | = 21]
= 9

Question (ii)
| -25 | – | -18 |
Answer:
| -25 | – | – 18 | = 25 – 18
[∵ | -25 | = 25 and | – 18 | = 18]
= 7

Question (iii)
6 – | -4 |
Answer:
6 – | -4 | = 6 – 4
[∵ | – 4 | = 4]
= 2

Question (iv)
| – 125 | + | 110 |
Answer:
| – 125 | + | 110 | = 125 + 110
[∵ | -125 | = 125 and | 110 | = 110]
= 235

5. Fill in the blanks :

Question (i)
0 is greater than every …………… integer.
Answer:
Negative

Question (ii)
Modulus of a negative integer is always ……………
Answer:
Positive

Question (iii)
The smallest positive integer is ……………
Answer:
1

Question (iv)
The largest negative integer is ……………
Answer:
-1

Question (v)
Every negative integer is less than every …………… integer.
Answer:
Positive

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Computer Science Book Solutions Chapter 8 Storage Devices Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Computer Science Chapter 8 Storage Devices

Computer Guide for Class 7 PSEB Storage Devices Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
Primary memory is also called ……………..
(a) Internal memory
(b) External memory
(c) Physical memory
(d) Auxiliary memory.
Answer:
(a) Internal memory

Question 2.
…………….memory is not a Read-Only Memory.
(a) ROM
(b) PROM
(c) EPROM
(d) RAM.
Answer:
(a) ROM

Question 3.
…………….is not a portable storage device.
(a) External Hard Disk
(b) Pen Drive
(c) Hard Disk Drive
(d) Memory Card.
Answer:
(c) Hard Disk Drive

Question 4.
The memory is divided into number of small parts called ……………. .
(a) Cells
(b) Area
(c) Inter-section
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Cells

Question 5.
USB means ……………. .
(a) Uniform Service Book
(b) Universal Serial Bus
(c) Universal Straight Bus
(d) Uniform Serial Bus.
Answer:
(b) Universal Serial Bus

2. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the capacity of floppy disk?
Answer:
1.4 MB.

Question 2.
What is the capacity of Compact Disc (CD)?
Answer:
650-700 MB.

Question 3.
Which memory unit is usually used to measure the Storage capacity of a hard disks?
Answer:
1 GB Memory unit is used to measure the storage capacity of a hard disk.

Question 4.
Which is having greater storage capacity out of CD or DVD?
Answer:
DVD has higher storage capacity.

Question 5.
Which computer port is used to attach Pen Drive?
Answer:
USB Port.

3. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is memory? Write down two main categories of memories.
Answer:
Computer memory is a physical device capable of storing data and information. It is a storage space where data and instructions are stored either for processing or for further uses. It can store data and instructions either temporarily (RAM) or permanently (ROM).
Memory can be of two types, Primary Memory and Secondary Memory.

Question 2.
Write the name of any four Secondary Memory devices.
Answer:
Hard Disk, Floppy Disk, Pen Drive and Memory Card.

Question 3.
What is Memory Card?
Answer:
A memory card is a flash memory. It is used in electronic devices such as digital cameras, mobile phones or video game consoles. The memory card can , store data, images, music, games or other computer files. Memory cards have no J moving parts so they are not easily damaged. They are more compact and portable than CDs or DVDs, and they can store more data than CDs. The data stored in the memory card can be read with the help of card reader.

Question 4.
Write a short note on Pen Drive.
Answer:
A pen drive is a portable Universal Serial Bus (USB) flash memory device. It is used to store and transfer audio, video and data files from a computer. The major advantage of USB pen drives over other portable storage devices such as floppy disks or DVDs / CDs is their compact shape and size; they work faster and can store more data.

Question 5.
Write about CD.
Answer:
A compact disc (CD) is a type of optical secondary storage media. It is circular in shape and small in size. A CD is a portable device that we use for ,, storing text, video, audio, graphics, images, or taking backup of data, programs and software. A CD can store around 700 MB data.

4. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write a note on Primary Memory.
Answer:
The primary memory is also known as the main memory of a computer. It is in-built memory of a computer in which data and instructions are stored for processing. It is essential for the working of a computer.
There are two types of primary memory: RAM and ROM.

RAM:
RAM stands for Random Access Memory. This is a volatile memory. This means it stores data or instructions temporarily. It is located on the motherboard. When you start the computer, Data and instructions from the hard disk are stored in RAM.

RAM is further divided into two types:

• SRAM (Static Random Access Memory): This stores a bit of data using the state of a six transistor memory cell.
• DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory): This stores a bit data using a pair of transistor and. capacitor which constitute a DRAM memory cell.

ROM:
The term ROM stands for Read Only Memory. It is a non-volatile memory. As the name indicated, information can only be read from this type of – memory. It stores the data permanently.
Types of Read Only Memory (ROM):

• PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory)
• EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)
• EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory).

Question 2.
What is HDD? Explain.
Answer:
Hard disks are the secondary storage devices used to store data permanently. It is directly connected to the disk controller on the motherboard. Hard disks are flat, circular plates made of aluminum or glass and coated with a magnetic material. Hard disk platters typically spin very fast at 5400 to 7200 cycles/minute.
There are two types of Hard disks:

1. Internal Hard Disk:
Internal hard drives are located inside your computer. Most computers come with a single internal hard drive, which includes the operating system and pre-installed applications.

2. External Hard Drive:
An external hard drive, also called a portable hard drive. It is a device connected to the outside of a computer via a USB connection. It is often used to back up a computer or portable storage.

Question 3.
What is Secondary Memory? Explain any one secondary memory device.
Answer:
Secondary memory is permanent memory. It is not directly accessible by CPU. It communicates with the CPU through the main memory. Secondary memory stores data and holds it even when power is off. It is used to store large amount of data or programs. It is less expensive than the primary memory.

Pen Drive:
A pen drive is a portable universal serial bus (USB) flash memory device. It is used to store and transfer audio, video and data files from a computer. The major advantage of USB pen drives over other portable storage devices such as floppy disks or DVDs/CDs is their compact shape and size; they work faster and can store more data.

Question 4.
Write precautions that we must follow while using CD/DVD.
Answer:
While using CDs and DVDs, we should keep the following in mind :

• CD / DVD should always be covered.
• The back shiny part of the CD / DVD should not be touched.
• Don’t write on the back of the CD / DVD.
• CD / DVD should not be folded.
• To clean CDs / DVDs, a soft cloth should be used. You can also use water to remove dust from it.

Question 5.
What is External Hard Disk drive? Write its advantages.
Answer:
External disk drive is a portable secondary memory. It has large storage capacity. It is a removable device. The external disk drive is connected to computer through USB port. These disks allow user to put sensitive, confidential or important information on them, then disconnect them and store them in secure locations.

Activity

Question 1.
Put the following Terms in respective Groups
1. RAM
2. CD
3. Hard Disk
4. ROM
5. EPROM
6. Memory Card
7. DVD
8. EEPROM

Answer:

PSEB 7th Class Computer Guide Storage Devices Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
The size of a commonly used floppy is ……………. inches.
(a) 2.5
(b) 3.5
(c) 4.5
(d) 5.25
Answer:
(b) 3.5

Question 2.
A CD can store ……………..MB data.
(a) 600
(b) 700
(c) 800
(d) 200.
Answer:
(b) 700

Question 3.
1 GB ……………. is equal to MB.
(a) 512
(b) 8
(c) 1024
(d) 256.
Answer:
(c) 1024

Question 4.
Primary memory is divided into ……………. parts.
(a) Two
(b) Three
(c) Four
(d) Five.
Answer:
(a) Two

Question 5.
Used to store a lot of multimedia information …………….  .
(a) CD
(b) DVD (Digital Versatile Disk)
(c) B.D.
(d) Floppy.
Answer:
(b) DVD (Digital Versatile Disk)

Question 6.
1024 bytes = ……………. .
(a) 1 MB
(b) 1 GB
(c) 1 KB
(d) 10 MB.
Answer:
(c) 1 KB

Question 7.
Which of the following is an optical storage media?
(a) Hard disk
(b) CD
(c) RAM
(d) Floppy.
Answer:
(b) CD

Question 8.
Which of the following stores high definition videos?
(a) CD
(b) DVD
(c) Blu-ray
(d) Floppy Disk.
Answer:
(c) Blu-ray

Question 9.
The CPU directly retrieves information or data from the …………….  .
(a) Hard disk
(b) CD
(c) RAM
(d) DVD.
Answer:
(c) RAM

Question 10.
Which of the following is a secondary storage device?
(a) ROM
(b) Cache
(c) Hard disk
(d) RAM.
Answer:
(c) Hard disk

2. True/False

1. The main memory is available in the form of an electronic chip.
Answer:
True

2. The floppy disk can store 700 MB of data.
Answer:
False.

3. A DVD can store 4.7 GB data.
Answer:
True

4. Always write with a sharpened pen on the back of the CD/DVD.
Answer:
False.

5. Do not keep the floppy in a dry, clean and cool place.
Answer:
False.

6. A hard disk can store 2 TB to 5 TB data.
Answer:
True

7. The primary memory comprises of RAM and ROM.
Answer:
True

8. The secondary memory is also known as main storage.
Answer:
False.

9. 1 GB is equal to 1024 MB.
Answer:
True

10. Individually, a binary number is known as bit.
Answer:
True

11. RAM is not faster than secondary storage devices.
Answer:
True

12. Bits and bytes are units of computer memory.
Answer:
True

13. A portable hard disk is generally used for taking back up.
Answer:
True

14. The instructions that are written onto ROM can be altered.
Answer:
False.

3. write the Full Forms

Question 1.
1. KB.
2. MB,
3. GB,
4. TB,
5. ROM,
6. RAM,
7. CD,
8. DVD.

Answer:

1. KB: Kilobytes
2. MB: Megabytes
3. GB: Gigabytes
4. TB: Terabytes
5. ROM: Read Only Memory
6. RAM: Random Access Memory
7. CD: Compact Disc
8. DVD: Digital Versatile Disc.

4. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name two types of primary memory.
Answer:

• RAM (Random Access Memory)
• ROM (Read Only Memory).

Question 2.
Name four storage devices.
Answer:

• CD (Compact Disc)
• DVD (Digital Versatile Disk)
• Floppy disk
• Hard disk.

Question 3.
Explain the differences between RAM and ROM.
Answer:
Following are the important differences between RAM and ROM:

RAM	ROM
1. RAM stands for Random Access Memory	1. ROM stands for Read Only Memory.
2. RAM data is volatile. Data is present till power supply is present.	2. ROM data is permanent. Data remains even after power supply is not present.
3. RAM data can be read, erased or modified.	3. ROM data is read only.
4. RAM is used to store data that CPU needs for current instruction processing.	4. ROM is used to store data that is needed to bootstrap the computer.
5. RAM speed is quite high.	5. ROM speed is slower than RAM.
6. CPU can access data stored on RAM.	6. Data to be copied from ROM to RAM so that CPU can access its data.
7. RAM memory is large and of high capacity.	7. ROM is generally small and of low capacity.
8. RAM is used as CPU Cache, Primary Memory.	8. ROM is used as firmware by micro controllers.
9. RAM is costly.	9. ROM is cheap.

Question 4.
What is a floppy disk?
Answer:
It is a secondary device in which data is stored. It is a circular plastic plate. It is 3.5 inches in size. The floppy disk can store 1.44 MB of data.

Question 5.
Provide information about CD ROM.
Answer:
The full name of CD ROM is Compact Disk Read Only Memory. It can store up to 700 MB of data. The information is written only once in Read Only CD. It cannot be changed after that.

Question 6.
Why we use DVD?
Answer:
The full name of DVD is Digital Versatile Disk. It can store a lot of data. DVD is a type of optical media used to store digital data. A DVD can store 2 TB to 5 TB data.

5. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the types of memory. Answer in detail.
Answer:
Types of Computer Memory –
There are many types of memory in a computer; the most basic is primary memory, also called system memory, and the secondary memory, commonly called storage. Details about these memories are given ahead:

Primary Memory:
Primary memory is the main memory of a computer system. It stores the data temporarily. It holds only those data on which computer is currently working. Primary memory is directly accessed by the CPU. It has limited storage capacity and data is lost when power is switched off. Primary memory is a semiconductor memory because it is manufactured using semiconductor devices. The capacity of primary memory is very limited and is always less than that of secondary memory. It is more expensive than secondary memory.

Characteristics of Main Memory:

• These are semiconductor memories.
• It is known as the main memory.
• Usually volatile memory.
• Data is lost in case power is switched off.
• It is the working memory of the computer.
• Faster than secondary memories.
• A computer cannot run without the primary memory.

Types of Primary Memory:
There are two types of primary memory:
1. RAM (Random Access Memory)
2. ROM (Read Only Memory)

1. RAM:
RAM stands for Random Access Memory. This is a volatile memory. This means it stores data or instructions temporarily. It is located on the motherboard. When you start the computer, Data and instructions from the hard disk are stored in RAM. The CPU uses this data to perform the required functions. RAM loses all data as soon as you shut down the computer.

The most important thing to understand about RAM is that RAM memory is very fast, it is a read/write memory. It is much more expensive than secondary memory. Due to the high cost of RAM, most computer systems use both primary and secondary memory, RAM is further divided into two types :

(a) SRAM (Static Random Access Memory): This stores a bit of data using the state of a six transistor memory cell.
(b) DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory): This stores a bit data using a pair of transistor and capacitor which constitute a DRAM memory cell.

SRAM:

• Transistors are used to store information in SRAM.
• Capacitors are used to store data in DRAM.
• SRAM is faster as compared to DRAM.
• DRAM provides slow access speeds.
• These are expensive.
• These are cheaper.
• SRAMs are low density devices.
• DRAMs are high density devices.
• These are used in cache memories.
• These are used in main memories.

2. ROM:
This means read only memory. It is a non-volatile memory. It stores the data permanently. These are the IC (integrated circuits) inside the PC that makes up the ROM. ROM stores a startup program called ‘Bootstrap Loader’. When the computer’s power is turned on “Bootstrap Loader” checks and starts the device connected to the PC. ROM can only be read by CPU but cannot be changed.
Types of Read Only Memory (ROM) :

(a) PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory):
PROM is read¬only memory that can be modified only one time by a user.. Once programmed, the data and instructions contained in it cannot be changed.

(b) EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory):
It can be reprogrammed. To delete data from it, place it in front of an ultra violet light. To re-program it, delete all previous data

(c) EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory):
Data stored in EEPROM can be deleted and modified as many times as user wants. Implementing electric field can erase data, no need for ultra-violet light. We can only delete parts of the chip.

Secondary Memory:
Secondary memory is permanent memory. It is not directly accessible by CPU. It communicates with the CPU through the main memory. Secondary memory stores data and holds it even when power is off. It is used to store large amount of data or programs. It is less expensive than the primary memory.

Secondary memory refers to the various storage media on which a computer can store data and programs. Floppy disks, Hard Disks, magnetic disks, magnetic tapes are the examples of secondary memory.
The Secondary storage media are of two types :

• Fixed: Fixed Storage media is an internal storage medium like hard disk that is fixed inside the computer.
• Removable: Storage medium that are portable and can be taken outside the computer are termed as removable storage media like CD, DVD, Pen drive etc.

Characteristics of Secondary Memory:

• These are magnetic and optical memories.
• It is known as the backup memory.
• It is a non-volatile memory.
• Data is permanently stored even if power is switched off.
• It is used for storage of data in a computer.
• Computer may run without the secondary memory.
• Slower than primary memories.

(i) Magnetic Tapes:
Magnetic discs are made of hard metal or synthetic plastic material. Magnetic material is coated on both sides of the disc platter and both sides can be used for storage. The magnetic disk provides direct access to both small and large computer systems. Magnetic audio tapes are used to record sound and music. Magnetic video tapes are used to record analog voice and video signals. These are low cost tapes. Hard disks and floppy disks are examples of magnetic tapes.

(ii) Floppy Disk:
Also known as floppy diskette, it is a removable, portable secondary storage device. This was created in 1964 by IBM. It is a small plastic disc about 3.5 inches in size. These disks have very low storage capacity and can store approximately 1.4 MB of data. It can be read or written by a floppy disk drive.

(iii) Hard Disk:
Hard disks are the secondary storage devices used to store data permanently. It is directly connected to the disk controller on the motherboard. Hard disks are flat, circular plates made of aluminum or glass and coated with a magnetic material. Hard disk platters
typically spin very fast at 5400 to 7200 cycles/minute.

It has unlimited storage space and its storage capacity ranges from 20 GB to 500 GB. It used to install a new program or application on the device. Software programs, images, videos, etc. all can be saved to the hard drive. There are two types of hard disks.
1. Internal Hard Disk: Internal hard drives are located inside your computer. Most computers come with a single internal hard drive, which includes the operating system and pre-installed applications.

2. External Hard Drive:
An external hard drive, also called a portable hard drive. It is a device connected to the outside of a computer via a USB connection. It is often used to back up a computer or portable storage.

(iv) Optical Drives:
Optical drives are a storage medium from which data is read and written by a laser. Optical disks can store up to 6GB of data. Optical storage devices are the most widely used and reliable storage devices. The most commonly used types of optical storage devices are:

1. 1. CD-ROM
   2. DVD-ROM
   3. CD-RECORDABLE
   4. CD-REWRITABLE
   5. PHOTO-CD

CD:
A compact disc is a flat, round, optical storage medium invented by James Russell. It is a portable storage medium that was used to digitally store and play the audio, video and other data. Compact discs have greater storage capacity than floppy disks. These disks can store 650-700 MB of data. This is a very reliable storage media. There are two types of CDs :

(а) CD-R:
CD-R stands for Compact Disc-Recordabie, also known as ROM is a digital optical disk storage format. A CD-R disc is a compact disc that can be written once and arbitrarily read multiple times.

(b) CD-RW:
CD-RW (compact disc-rewritable) is a digital optical disk storage format introduced in 1997. A CD-RW compact disc (CD-RW) can be read, written, erased, and rewritten.

2.DVD:
Stands for Digital Video Disc or Digital Versatile Disc. It is a digital optical disc data storage format that was invented and developed in 1995 and released in late 1996. DVD is a type of optical media used to store digital data. It is the same size of a CD, but it has a large storage capacity. Some DVDs are specifically formatted for video playback, while others contain different types of data, such as software programs and computer files.

While using CDs and DVDs, we should keep the following in mind:

• CD / DVD should always be covered.
• The back shiny part of the CD / DVD should not be touched.
• Don’t write on the back of the CD / DVD.
• CD / DVD should not be folded.
• To clean CDs / DVDs, a soft cloth should be used. You can also use water to remove dust from it.

Pen Drive:
A pen drive is a portable universal serial bus (USB) flash memory device. It is used to store and transfer audio, video and data files from a computer. The major advantage of USB pen drives over other portable storage devices such as floppy disks or DVDs / CDs is their compact shape and size; they work faster and can store more data. Memory Card: A memory card is a flash memory. It is used in electronic devices such as digital cameras, Mobile phones or video game consoles. The memory card can stores data, images, music, games or other computer files. Memory cards have no moving parts so they are not easily damaged. They are more compact and portable than CDs or DVDs, and they can store more data than CDs. The data stored in the memory card can be read with the help of card reader.

Question 2.
What is secondary memory? Explain its types in detail.
Answer:
Secondary Memory:
Secondary memory is permanent memory. It is not directly accessible by CPU. It communicates with the CPU through the main memory. Secondary memory stores data and holds it even when power is off. It is used to store large amount of data or programs. It is less expensive than the primary memory.

Secondary memory refers to the various storage media on which a computer can store data and programs. Floppy disks, Hard Disks, magnetic disks, magnetic tapes are the examples of secondary memory.
The Secondary storage media are of two types:

• Fixed: Fixed Storage media is an internal storage medium like hard disk that is fixed inside the computer.
• Removable: Storage medium that are portable and can be taken outside the computer are termed as removable storage media like CD, DVD, Pen drive etc.

Characteristics of Secondary Memory:

• These are magnetic and optical memories.
• It is known as the backup memory.
• It is a non-volatile memory.
• Data is permanently stored even if power is switched off.
• It is used for storage of data in a computer.
• Computer may run without the secondary memory.
• Slower than primary memories.

(i) Magnetic Tapes:
Magnetic discs are made of hard metal or synthetic plastic material. Magnetic material is coated on both sides of the disc platter and both sides can be used for storage. The magnetic disk provides direct access to both small and large computer systems. Magnetic audio tapes are used to record sound and music. Magnetic video tapes are used to record analog voice and video signals. These are low cost tapes. Hard disks and floppy disks are examples of magnetic tapes.

(ii) Floppy Disk:
Also known as floppy diskette, it is a removable, portable secondary storage device. This was created in 1964 by IBM. It is a small plastic disc about 3.5 inches in size. These disks have very low storage capacity and can store approximately 1.4 MB of data. It can be read or written by a floppy disk drive.

(iii) Hard Disk:
Hard disks are the secondary storage devices used to store data permanently. It is directly connected to the disk controller on the motherboard. Hard disks are flat, circular plates made of aluminum or glass and coated with a magnetic material. Hard disk platters typically spin very fast at 5400 to 7200 cycles/minute.

It has unlimited storage space and its storage capacity ranges from 20 GB to 500 GB. It used to install a new program or application on the device. Software programs, images, videos, etc. all can be saved to the hard drive. There are two types of hard disks.
1. Internal Hard Disk: Internal hard drives are located inside your computer. Most computers come with a single internal hard drive, which includes the operating system and pre-installed applications.

2. External Hard Drive:
An external hard drive, also called a portable hard drive. It is a device connected to the outside of a computer via a USB connection. It is often used to back up a computer or portable storage.

(iv) Optical Drives:
Optical drives are a storage medium from which data is read and written by a laser. Optical disks can store up to 6 GB of data. Optical storage devices are the most widely used and reliable storage devices. The most commonly used types of optical storage devices are:

1. 1. CD-ROM
   2. DVD-ROM
   3. CD-RECORDABLE
   4. CD-REWRITABLE
   5. PHOTO-CD

1. CD:
A compact disc is a flat, round, optical storage medium invented by James Russell. It is a portable storage medium that was used to digitally store and play the audio, video and other data. Compact discs have greater storage capacity than floppy disks. These disks can store 650-700 MB of data. This is a very reliable storage media. There are two types of CDs :

(а) CD-R:
CD-R stands for Compact Disc-Recordabie, also known as ROM is a digital optical disk storage format. A CD-R disc is a compact disc that can be written once and arbitrarily read multiple times.

(b) CD-RW:
CD-RW (compact disc-rewritable) is a digital optical disk storage format introduced in 1997. A CD-RW compact disc (CD-RW) can be read, written, erased, and rewritten.

2. DVD:
Stands for Digital Video Disc or Digital Versatile Disc. It is a digital optical disc data storage format that was invented and developed in 1995 and released in late 1996. DVD is a type of optical media used to store digital data. It is the same size of a CD, but it has a large storage capacity. Some DVDs are specifically formatted for video playback, while others contain different types of data, such as software programs and computer files.

While using CDs and DVDs, we should keep the following in mind:

• CD / DVD should always be covered.
• The back shiny part of the CD / DVD should not be touched.
• Don’t write on the back of the CD / DVD.
• CD / DVD should not be folded.
• To clean CDs / DVDs / DVDs, a soft cloth should be used. You can also use water to remove dust from it.

3. Pen Drive:
A pen drive is a portable universal serial bus (USB) flash memory device. It is used to store and transfer audio, video and data files from a computer. The major advantage of USB pen drives over other portable storage devices such as floppy disks or DVDs / CDs is their compact shape and size; they work faster and can store more data.

4. Memory Card:
A memory card is a flash memory. It is used in electronic devices such as digital cameras, Mobile phones or video game consoles. The memory card can stores data, images, music, games or other computer files. Memory cards have no moving parts so they are not easily damaged. They are more compact and portable than CDs or DVDs, and they can store more data than CDs. The data stored in the memory card can be read with the help of card reader.

Question 3.
Explain the difference between primary and secondary memory.
Answer:
Differences between Primary Memory and Secondary Memory:
In this lesson, we have talked about both primary and secondary memory. Both are quite useful in their own way, now we will look at the difference between the both.

1. Primary memory is also called internal memory. Secondary memory is also called backup memory or auxiliary memory.
2. Primary memory can be accessed by data bus while secondary memory is accessed through I/O channels.
3. Primary memory data is accessed directly by the processing unit. Secondary memory data cannot be accessed directly by the processor.
4. Primary memory is more expensive than secondary memory. Secondary memory is cheaper than primary memory.
5. Primary memory is both unstable and static. Secondary memory is always unchanging memory.

Question 4.
What is DVD? Explain in detail.
Answer:
DVD:
Stands for Digital Video Disc or Digital Versatile Disc. It is a digital optical disc data storage format that was invented and developed in 1995 and released in late 1996. DVD is a type of optical media used to store digital data. It is the same size of a CD, but it has a large storage capacity. Some DVDs are specifically formatted for video playback, while others contain different types of data, such as software programs and computer files.

While using CDs and DVDs, we should keep the following in mind :

• CD / DVD should always be covered.
• The back shiny part of the CD / DVD should not be touched.
• Don’t write on the back of the CD / DVD.
• CD / DVD should not be folded.
• To clean CDs / DVDs / DVDs, a soft cloth should be used. You can also use water to remove dust from it.

Question 5.
What is a magnetic tape? Explain in detail.
Answer:
Magnetic Tapes:
Magnetic discs are made of hard metal or synthetic plastic material. Magnetic material is coated on both sides of the disc platter and both sides can be used for storage. The magnetic disk provides direct access to both small and large computer systems. Magnetic audio tapes are used to record sound and music. Magnetic video tapes are used to record analog voice and video signals. These are low cost tapes. Hard disks and floppy disks are examples of magnetic tapes.

Question 6.
What is a hard disk and how many types are there?
Answer:
Hard Disk:
Hard disks are the secondary storage devices used to store data permanently. It is directly connected to the disk controller on the motherboard. Hard disks are flat, circular plates made of aluminum or glass and coated with a magnetic material. Hard disk platters typically spin very fast at 5400 to 7200 cycles/minute.

It has unlimited storage space and its storage capacity ranges from 20 GB to 500 GB. It used to install a new program or application on the device. Software programs, images, videos, etc. all can be saved to the hard drive. There are two types of hard disks.

1. Internal Hard Disk:
Internal hard drives are located inside your computer. Most computers come with a single internal hard drive, which includes the operating system and pre-installed applications.

2. External Hard Drive:
An external hard drive, also called a portable hard drive. It is a device connected to the outside of a computer via a USB connection. It is often used to back up a computer or portable storage.

Question 7.
What do you mean by Optical drive?
Answer:
Optical Drives:
Optical drives are a storage medium from which data is read and written by a laser. Optical disks can store up to 6 GB of data. Optical storage devices are the most widely used and reliable storage devices. The most commonly used types of optical storage devices are:

1. 1. CD-ROM
   2. DVD-ROM
   3. CD-RECORDABLE
   4. CD-REWRITABLE
   5. PHOTO-CD

1. CD:
A compact disc is a flat, round, optical storage medium invented by James Russell. It is a portable storage medium that was used to digitally store and play the audio, video and other data. Compact discs have greater storage capacity than floppy disks. These disks can store 650-700 MB of data. This is a very reliable storage media. There are two types of CDs :

(а) CD-R:
CD-R stands for Compact Disc-Recordabie, also known as ROM is a digital optical disk storage format. A CD-R disc is a compact disc that can be written once and arbitrarily read multiple times.

(b) CD-RW:
CD-RW (compact disc-rewritable) is a digital optical disk storage format introduced in 1997. A CD-RW compact disc (CD-RW) can be read, written, erased, and rewritten.

2. DVD:
Stands for Digital Video Disc or Digital Versatile Disc. It is a digital optical disc data storage format that was invented and developed in 1995 and released in late 1996. DVD is a type of optical media used to store digital data. It is the same size of a CD, but it has a large storage capacity. Some DVDs are specifically formatted for video playback, while others contain different types of data, such as software programs and computer files.

While using CDs and DVDs, we should keep the following in mind:

• CD / DVD should always be covered.
• The back shiny part of the CD / DVD should not be touched.
• Don’t write on the back of the CD / DVD.
• CD / DVD should not be folded.
• To clean CDs / DVDs / DVDs, a soft cloth should be used. You can also use water to remove dust from it.

3. Pen Drive:
A pen drive is a portable universal serial bus (USB) flash memory device. It is used to store and transfer audio, video and data files from a computer. The major advantage of USB pen drives over other portable storage devices such as floppy disks or DVDs / CDs is their compact shape and size; they work faster and can store more data.

4. Memory Card:
A memory card is a flash memory. It is used in electronic devices such as digital cameras, Mobile phones or video game consoles. The memory card can stores data, images, music, games or other computer files. Memory cards have no moving parts so they are not easily damaged. They are more compact and portable than CDs or DVDs, and they can store more data than CDs. The data stored in the memory card can be read with the help of card reader.