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PSEB 9th Class SST Solutions Civics Chapter 3 Establishment of Indian Democracy and its Nature

October 19, 2024October 18, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Social Science Book Solutions Civics Chapter 3 Establishment of Indian Democracy and its Nature Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Civics Chapter 3 Establishment of Indian Democracy and its Nature

SST Guide for Class 9 PSEB Establishment of Indian Democracy and its Nature Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Fill in the Blanks :

Question 1.
The directive principles of the Indian Constitution have been adopted from
Answer:
Ireland.

Question 2.
__________ was the chairman of the drafting committee of the Indian Constitution.
Answer:
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.

II. Multiple Choice Questions :

Question 1.
Who was the chairman of the Constituent Assembly?
(i) Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru
(ii) Mahatma Gandhi
(iii) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
(iv) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
Answer:
(iii) Dr. Rajendra Prasad.

Question 2.
Republic state has a head :
(i) hereditory successor
(ii) military dictator
(iii) directly or indirectly elected by people
(iv) nominated.
Answer:
(iii) directly or indirectly elected by people.

III. Write T (for True) and F (for False) Statements :

Question 1.
Socialist, Secular and integrity words were incorporated in our Constitution by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
India is a sovereign, secular and democratic republic.
Answer:
True.

IV. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
When did India become free?
Answer:
On 15th August, 1947.

Question 2.
“A Constitution is the collection of principles according to which Government powers, rights of the governed and the relations between the two are adjusted.” Who is the author of this statement?
Answer:
Wooles.

Question 3.
How much time was taken to draft the constitution of India?
Answer:
2 years, 11 months and 18 days.

Question 4.
How many members were there in the Constituent Assembly?
Answer:
389 members (299 after 15 Aug, 1947).

Question 5.
When was the announcement of division of India made?
Answer:
It was announced on 3rd June, 1947.

Question 6.
How many members remain in the Constituent Assembly after the division of India?
Answer:
There remain 299 members in the Constituent Assembly after the division of India.

Question 7.
Write any two unitary features of the Constitution of India.
Answer:

There is only one Constitution for both Centre and States.
All the citizens are given single citizenship.

Question 8.
Write any two federal features of the Constitution of India.
Answer:
(i) Our Constitution is the written Constitution.
(ii) Powers are divided between Central and State governments.

Question 9.
Write any two freedom provided by the Constitution of India to its citizens.
Answer:

Freedom to adopt any occupation.
Freedom to move in any part of the country.

Question 10.
With which words the ‘Preamble of the Indian Constitution begins?
Answer:
We the people of India.

Question 11.
Which new words were incorporated to the Constitution of India under the 42nd Constitutional Amendment in 1976?
Answer:
With the 42nd Constitutional Amendment, words Socialist, Secular and Integrity were incorporated to the Constitution.

Question 12.
Who was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee?
Answer:
Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar.

V. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
On which main objects the ‘Preamble to the Indian Constitution throw light?
Answer:
The Preamble throws light on the following features of the Indian Constitution.

It says that India is a sovereign, socialist, democratic, secular republic.
It resolves to give social, economic and political justice to all of its citizens.
It provides equality of opportunity and status and freedom to all the citizens, express, belief and profess.
It also declares to maintain individual integrity, national unity and integrity.

Question 2.
Which is a republic country?
Answer:
India is a republic country. The meaning of republic is that head of the country is directly or indirectly elected by the people. Head of the country is elected for a fixed period of time and there is no place of hereditary system in it. Republic is one of the important feature of the Indian Constitution.

Question 3.
India is a secular state, give arguments in its favour.
Answer:

Preamble of the Constitution has declared India a secular state.
All the citizens are free to profess their religion and even to change their religion.
Under the Right to Equality, it is said that no one will be discriminated on the basis of religion.
All the religions in India are treated equally and there is no state religion.

Question 4.
What do you mean by federal structure or federal government? From the Constitution of which country this feature has been taken?
Answer:
The meaning of federal structure or federal government is the division of powers between two level of government and these two levels are central government and state governments. Powers are divided between the both but central government is given more powerful. The federal structure of the’ Indian Constitution is taken from the Canadian Constitution.

Question 5.
The Constitution of India was prepared on November 26,1949 but it came into force on Jan. 26, 1950. Why the date of January 26 was fixed? Comment.
Answer:
At the Lahore session of Congress, 1929, it was decided to celebrate India’s first independence day on 26 January, 1930 although India was not independent. From then onwards, 26 January was celebrated as independence day till 1947. But in 1947, India got its real independence as 15 August. So, to keep the historical importance of 26 January, it was decided to implement the Indian Constitution on this day. In this way 26 January became the Republic day of India.

Question 6.
What is the meaning of Sovereign State?
Answer:
The meaning of Sovereign state is that the country is completely free to take decisions on its external and internal matters. Whenever country is required to form its internal policy or keeping relations with other countries, it is free from any type of pressure. No one can force the country to take any decision.

Question 7.
What do you mean by Universal Adult Franchise?
Answer:
The Indian Constitution has given all its adult citizens, the right to vote and this is known as Universal Adult Franchise. All the Indian citizens with the age of 18 years more are given the right to vote without any discrimination. Initially it was 21 years but with the 61st Constitutional Amendment, the age of casting vote was reduced to 18 years.

Question 8.
Write any four unitary features of the Constitution of India.
Answer:

All the Indian Citizens are given single citizenship.
All the governments are given single Constitution.
A single unified Judicial system is set up for the whole country.
The Indian Parliament is empowered to alter the boundaries and names of the states.
Governors of the states act as the representatives of Central Government and they are appointed by the Central government.

VI. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the preamble of Indian Constitution in the original form.
Answer:
We The People of India having solemly resolved to constitute India into a Sovereign Socialist Secular

Democratic Republic and to secure to all its citizen :
Justice, social, economic and political:
Liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship,
Equality of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all
Fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation; –
In Our Constituent Assembly this twenty-Sixth day of November 1949 do Hereby Adopt, Enact And Give To Ourselves This Constitution.

Question 2.
India is a secular state. Explain the statement.
Answer:
By inserting the word ‘Secular’ in the Preamble of the Constitution by 42nd amendment. India is declared a secular state in clear words. Such a system is adopted in the Constitution that India is made secular state without any doubt. Right to freedom of religion has been granted to all persons residing in India under Articles 25-28 of Indian Constitution. According to this right, all persons are equally entitled to freedom of conscience and the right to profess, practise and propagate religion. State has no religion of its own. The state shows full neutrality in the religious matter. All this shows that India is a secular State.

Question 3.
What do you mean by a Sovereign State? Explain in brief.
Answer:
By sovereign means that now, after the promulgation of .the Constitution. India is not subject to any foreign rule. India is now a sovereign state, internally as well as externally. No other country can compel India to follow or not to follow a particular policy. We can now make any law, remaining of course within the limits imposed by our own Constitution. We can also amend our Constitution in accordance with the procedure laid down in the Constitution.

PSEB 9th Class Social Science Guide Establishment of Indian Democracy and its Nature Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions :

Question 1.
The Constituent Assembly was set up under the recommendations of:
(a) Cripps Proposals
(b) C.R. Plan
(c) Cabinet Mission Plan
(d) Act of 1935.
Answer:
(c) Cabinet Mission Plan.

Question 2.
Which National Leader demanded in 1924 that a Round Table Conference should be called to frame a Constituent Assembly of India?
(a) Pt. Jawaharlal
(b) Pt. Motilal Nehru
(c) Mahatma Gandhi
(d) Dr. Ambedkar.
Answer:
(b) Pt. Motilal Nehru.

Question 3.
The elections to the Constituent Assembly were held in :
(a) Jan. 1945
(b) July 1946
(c) August 1946
(d) Dec. 1946.
Answer:
(b) July 1946.

Question 4.
According to the Cabinet Mission Plan, the Constituent Assembly was to consist of:
(a) 285 Members
(b) 380 Members
(c) 389 Members
(d) 490 Members
Answer:
(b) 389 Members.

Question 5.
The Constituent Assembly was not a sovereign body in the beginning but it became a sovereign body after :
(a) July 1946
(b) 15th August, 1947
(c) 26 Jan, 1950
(d) 19th Dec. 1946.
Answer:
(b) 15th August, 1947.

Question 6.
Who was the temporary Chairman of the Constituent Assembly?
(a) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
(b) Dr. Ambedkar
(c) Dr. Sachindanand Sinha
(d) Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru.
Answer:
(c) Dr. Sachindanand Sinha.

Question 7.
Who was permanent Chairman of the Constituent Assembly?
(a) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
(b) Dr. Ambedkar
(c) Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru
(d) Sardar Patel.
Answer:
(a) Dr. Rajendra Prasad.

Question 8.
Who moved the ‘Objective Resolution’ in the Constituent Assembly?
(а) Dr. Ambedkar
(б) Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru
(c) Alladi Krishna Swami Ayyar
(d) Dr. Rajendra Prasad.
Answer:
(b) Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru.

Question 9.
Who was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee?
(a) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
(b) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
(c) Pt. B.R. Jawaharlal Nehru
(d) Sardar Patel.
Answer:
(a) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.

Question 10.
After a great labour, the Constitution was ready on :
(a) 26th Dec., 1949
(6) 26th Jan., 1950
(c) 25th Dec., 1949
(d) 26 Nov., 1949.
Answer:
(d) 26th Nov.,’1949.

Question 11.
How much time did it take to make the Indian Constitution?
(а) 1 year, 11 months and 18 days
(б) 2 years, 10 months and 18 days
(c) 2 years, 11 months and 18 days
(d) 2 years, 6 months and 18 days.
Answer:
(c) 2 years, 11 months and 18 days.

Question 12.
The Indian Constitution was enforced on :
(a) 15th August, 1947
(b) 26th Jan., 1950
(c) 9th Dec., 1950
(d) 15th August, 1950.
Answer:
(b) 26th Jan., 1950.

Question 13.
The Constitution of India was adopted by:
(a) The British Parliament
(b) The Governor General
(c) The Constituent Assembly
(d) Parliament of India.
Answer:
(c) The Constituent Assembly.

Question 14.
The Constitution of India was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on :
(a) 26th January, 1950
(b) 25th January, 1950
(c) 26th November, 1949
(d) 25th November, 1949.
Answer:
(c) 26th November, 1949.

Question 15.
Which amendment of the Constitution added the words ‘Socialist’ and ‘Secular’ in the Preamble?
(a) 44th amendment
(b) 42nd amendment
(c) 46th amendment
(d) 50th amendment.
Answer:
(b) 42nd amendment.

Question 16.
What is the meaning of: “We, the people’ of India’?
(a) That the people of India are direct rulers of the country
(b) That the ultimate sovereignty is vested with the people
(c) That the power is in the hands of few.
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) That the ultimate sovereignty is vested with the people.

Fill in the Blanks:

Question 1.
The Indian Constitution was formed by the __________
Answer:
Constituent Assembly

Question 2.
The Constituent Assembly had __________ members.
Answer:
389

Question 3.
__________ was the permanent President of the Constituent Assembly.
Answer:
Dr. Rajendra Prasad

Question 4.
In India __________ administrative system is adopted.
Answer:
Parliamentary

Question 5.
Parliamentary form of government in India is taken from __________
Answer:
England.

True/False:

Question 1.
The Indian Constitution was formed by the parliament.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
First meeting of the Constituent Assembly was held on 9th December, 1946.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Jawaharlal Nehru gave the objective resolution to the Constituent Assembly,
Answer:
True

Question 4.
After 15th August, 1947, the Constituent Assembly had 389 members.
Answer:
False

Question 5.
It took four years to prepare the Indian Constitution.
Answer:
False

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Under whose recommendation the Constituent Assembly was set up?
Answer:
The Constituent Assembly was set up on the recommendation of Cabinet Mission Plan, 1946.

Question 2.
When was the Constituent Assembly of India established?
Answer:
The Constituent Assembly was established in July, 1946.

Question 3.
Name the person who was chosen as temporary Chairman of the Constituent Assembly?
Answer:
Dr. Sachindanand Sinha, the oldest member of the Constituent Assembly was elected the temporary Chairman of the Constituent Assembly.

Question 4.
When did the Constituent Assembly meet for the first time?
Answer:
The Constituent Assembly met for the first time on December 9, 1946.

Question 5.
Who was the permanent Chairman of the Constituent Assembly?
Answer:
Dr. Rajindra Prasad was the permanent Chairman of the Constituent Assembly.

Question 6.
Name the body that framed the Indian Constitution and state when it was constituted?
Answer:
The Indian Constitution was framed by the Constituent Assembly and the Constituent Assembly was constituted in July, 1946.

Question 7.
Who was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee?
Answer:
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee.

Question 8.
Who moved the ‘Objectives Resolution’ in the Constituent Assembly?
Answer:
Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru moved the ‘Objectives Resolution’ in the Constituent Assembly.

Question 9.
When was the Constitution of India adopted by the Constituent Assembly?
Answer:
The Constituent Assembly adopted the Constitution on November 26, 1949.

Question 10.
When did the Constitution of India come into force?
Or
When was the Constitution of India promulgated?
Answer:
The Constitution of India came into effect on January 26, 1950.

Question 11.
How many members were there in the Constituent Assembly?
Answer:
The Constituent Assembly consisted of 389 members (299 after 15th Aug. 1947).

Question 12.
Name the body which adopted the Constitution of India?
Answer:
The Constituent Assembly adopted the Constitution of India.

Question 13.
How much time did Constituent Assembly take to make the Indian Constitution?
Answer:
The Constituent Assembly took 2 years, 11 months and 18 days to frame the Constitution.

Question 14.
Mention the name of four countries where written Constitution exist.
Answer:

U.S.A.
France.
India.
South Africa.

Question 15.
What is meant by Preamble?
Answer:
The Preamble is a summary of the objectives and the basic philosophy of the Constitution. It helps in the interpretation of the Constitution.

Question 16.
With which words the Preamble of Indian Constitution starts?
Answer:
The Preamble of Indian Constitution starts with “We the People of India ”

Question 17.
What new words have been added to Preamble of our Constitution under the 42nd amendment?
Answer:
Socialist and Secular.

Question 18.
How many amendments have been made in the Preamble?
Answer:
Only one amendment (42nd) has been made in the Preamble so far.

Question 19.
What is the source of the authority according to the Preamble?
Answer:
The Preamble expresses in a very clear language that the people are the ultimate source of all authority.

Question 20.
For how many days, the draft of Indian Constitution was discussed in the Constituent Assembly?
Answer:
114 days.

Question 21.
Name any four countries whose major features of constitution were incorporated in the Indian Constitution?
Answer:
England, U.S.A., Canada, Ireland.

Question 22.
Why is the Indian Constitution considered the alive Constitution?
Answer:
Because from time to time and according to needs, it has been changed and developed.

Question 23.
How is India a republic?
Answer:
India is a republic because the President is indirectly elected (by an electoral college) by the people for a fixed period.

Question 24.
Give two reasons to show that the Indian Constitution is a democratic country.
Answer:
(i) Government is run by the representatives of people.
(;ii) All the citizens are given equal political rights.

Question 25.
What do you mean by the Constitutional Amendment?
Answer:
The changes made in the Constitution are known as the Constitutional Amendments. .

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the meaning of Constitution.
Answer:
The Constitution is a collection of those rules and regulations according to which the administration of the state is run. The administration of each state is run in accordance with certain rules and regulations. It is the fundamental law reflecting the will of the people. It determines the powers Snd responsibilities of the state. It also states people’s rights and duties.

Question 2.
Why do we need a Constitution?
Answer:
All the democratic countries of the world have Constitutions. We need Constitution due to given below reasons :

Supreme Law of the Country. The Constitution of a state is the supreme law of the land. The government at the State and Central level work within the sphere of powers given to them by the Constitution.
Provide Basic Rules. The Constitution provides basic rules and principles on the basis of which government should be.
Knowledge about the Nature of Government. It is the Constitution which decides how the government will be organised.
Rule of Law. The Constitution of a state makes provision for rule of law.
Limitations on the Government. The Constitution puts limitations on the three organs of the government so that no organ should become absolute and arbitrary.

Question 3.
Write a short note on the meaning of the Preamble.
Answer:
The Constitution of India begins with a Preamble. The Preamble serves the purpose of a window through which we peep into the intentions of the makers of the constitution. In short, the Preamble is a summary of the objectives and basic philosophy of a Constitution. It helps in the interpretation of the Constitution. With the help of the Preamble we can understand the basic philosophy of the Constitution.

Question 4.
Mention the nature of state according to the Preamble of Indian Constitution.
Answer:
According to the Preamble of the Indian Constitution the nature of Indian State is as under :
(a) India is a Sovereign state;
(b) India is a Democratic state;
(c) India is a Secular state;
(d) India is a Socialist state and
(e) India is a Republic.

Question 5.
How is the Indian Constitution considered as the people’s Constitution?
Answer:
The Indian Constitution is considered as the people’s Constitution. Members of the Constituent Assembly were indirectly elected by the provincial legislatures which were elected by the people. Actually all the important leaders were the members of the Constituent Assembly. Representatives of all the classes (Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, Christians, females) were included in it. If elections could have done on the basis of adult franchise, same people could have elected. In this way it is people’s Constitution.

Question 6.
Why there is more importance of the Constitution in democratic countries?
Answer:
In democracy, directly or indirectly people rule the country. In the constitution. On the one side complete description of the government’s powers is given and on the other side there are certain restrictions on it. People’s rights are completely explained in the constitution. No one can work against the Constitution. Courts are there to protect the Constitution and fundamental rights. That’s why the Constitution is of great importance in the democratic countries.

Question 7.
Discuss the circumstances which led to the formation of the Constituent Assembly.
Answer:
Our Constitution was drafted by a Constituent Assembly composed of Indian people. Mahatma Gandhi mooted the idea of Constituent Assembly in 1922 and the Indian National Congress put the demand in a concrete form in 1935. But this demand of the Congress Party remained unfulfilled for a number of years. It was incorporated in the Cripps Proposals of 1942 that after the end of war a Constitution-making body would be set up to frame a new constitution. However, for various reasons the Cripps Proposals did not meet the approval of the Indian people. The Cabinet Mission plan 1946 proposed the constitution of an Assembly to frame the Constitution. The elections to the Constituent Assembly were held in 1946 according to the Cabinet Mission Plan. Its first meeting was held on 9 December, 1946.

Question 8.
What is meant by the Rigid and Flexible Constitution?
Answer:
Indian Constitution is rigid as well as flexible in nature. The meaning of rigid constitution is that it cannot be easily changed or amended. To amend the constitution, government needs great majority in the parliament which, most of the times, they don’t have. The meaning of flexible Constitution is that if government has the required majority, it can amend the Constitution very easily. If political parties will come together, they can also amend it quite easily.

Question 9.
Indian Constitution is lengthiest in the world. Clarify.
Answer:
Indian Constitution is the lengthiest Constitution among all the Constitutions of the world. Originally it had 395 Articles and 8 schedules. After 1950, many new clauses were added in it and that’s why presently it has 450 Articles and 12 schedules. 103 Amendments have been done in it. That’s why it has become more lengthy.

Question 10.
What is meant by the written Constitution?
Answer:
Our Constitution is the written Constitution which was made with the great hard work of 2 years 11 months and 18 days of the Constituent Assembly. Federal structure of the government was kept over here and that’s why it was required to keep it in the written forms so that the disputes between the central government and state governments could be resolved with ease. On contrary to this, the British Constitution is an unwritten Constitution based on customs and conventions. Our Constitution is in written form and that’s why it is quite transparent.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
The Constitution of India was framed by the Constituent Assembly. In this context explain the following :
(a) Draft Committee
Answer:
Draft Committee: On August 29, 1947, the Constituent Assembly elected a Drafting Committee from among its members Dr. B. R. Ambedkar was its Chairman. Besides its Chairman, its other members were : N. Gopala Swamy Ayyangar, Alladikrishna Swamy Ayyer, Dr. K.M Munshi, N. Madhav Rao, Sayyad Mohammad Sadaulla and D.P. Khaitan, Sh. B.N. Rao was appointed adviser of the Drafting Committee. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar played a very important role in drafting the Constitution and he has rightly been called the father of the Draft Constitution.

(b) Adoption and promulgation of the Constitution of free India.
Answer:
A draft Constitution was prepared in February, 1948 and it was presented before the Constituent Assembly on February 21, 1948. Draft was published in all the leading newspapers of the country to elicit public opinion. A national debate was held on the Draft Constitution. On November 4, 1948 general discussion began on the Draft. It continued upto October 17, 1949.

During this time 7635 amendments were presented out of which 2473 amendments were discussed. At last on November 26, 1949 the Constituent Assembly adopted the new Constitution of India. The Constituent Assembly took 2 years 11 months, and 18 days to frame the Constitution. The new Constitution came into effect on January 26, 1950.

Question 2.
‘India is a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic’. Explain.
Answer:
The preamble proclaims that the people of India have resolved to constitute India into a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic.’
(а) India is a Sovereign State. It means that now, after the promulgation of the Constitution, India is not subject to any foreign rule. India is fully sovereign, internally as well as externally. No other country can compel India to follow or not to follow a particular policy.

(b) India is a Socialist State. Natural resources and wealth of the nation should be used for the welfare of the whole society. Government should regulate the ownership of land and industry to reduce socio-economic inequalities.

(c) India is a Secular State. There is no official religion of the state. Freedom of religion has been granted to all persons residing in India. All persons are equally entitled to freedom of conscience and the right to practise and propagate religion.

(d) India is a Democratic State. Indian polity is based on democratic principles. The people elect their representatives on the basis of adult franchise. All citizens enjoy equal political rights. The government is run according to some basic rules.

(e) India is a Republican State. The word ‘Republic’ means that the head of the state shall be an elected one for a fixed tenure.The head of the state (President) is elected for a period of five years. There is no room for a hereditary monarch like the one in England.

Question 3.
Examine the significance of the Preamble to the Indian Constitution.
Answer:
The Preamble is not a part of the Constitution. It does not have any legal force. Still it has special significance.

The significance of the Preamble is as follows :

Source of Authority. The Preamble expresses in a very clear language that people are the ultimate source of all authority. It is the people who have adopted and enacted the Constitution; It is the people who have given ‘the Constitution to themselves.’ The words, we the people of India, are very significant.
Nature of Indian Polity. The Preamble emphasises the fact that India is a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic.
Symbol of Objectives. The Preamble is the symbol of those objectives which the Constitution makers pledged to attain. The Preamble assures the people of India Justice—Social, Economic and Political.
Key to the Constitution. The Preamble is the soul and spirit of the Constitution. The Preamble is the mirror of the Constitution. It is a jewel set in the Constitution.
Guide to the Government. The Preamble to the Constitution provides guidelines to the government of the day.
Guidelines to the Judiciary. Whenever a Court of Justice has to explain some articles of the Constitution then it takes the help of the ideas expressed through the Preamble of the Constitution.
Yardstick to evaluate the performance of the Government. The Preamble enables the people to assess and evaluate the performance of the government in the light of the objectives laid down in the Preamble. It keeps the government on its toe.

Question 4.
Indian Constitution is taken from many sources. Explain.
Answer:
Before the making of Indian Constitution, Constituent Assembly studied different Constitutions of different countries. It also studied different laws made by the British Parliament for India. It took all the good aspects of different sources and their description is given below :

Britain. Parliamentary system, process of making laws, special privileges of Parliament, Rule of law, Single citizenship, Cabinet system, System of two houses.
U.S.A. Fundamental Rights, Structure and powers of Supreme Court, judicial review, post of Vice President, independence of judiciary, preamble.
Canada. Federal structure, Residuary powers, Appointment of Governors by centre,.
Ireland. Directive principles of state policy, The process of election of the President, Nomination of Rajya Sabha members by the President, the Process of Removal of the judges of Supreme Court and High Courts.
Germany. Emergency powers of the President.
U.S.S.R. Fundamental Duties.
France. Republic, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity.
South Africa. Constitutional Amendment.

Question 5.
Describe some of the key features of Federalism.
Answer:
In the federal system, there are two types of governments central government and state governments. The central governments solves the national problems and state governments solve local problems. Actually in this type of system powers are divided among central authority and the different units of that union. There is one government for the entire country and different provinces have different governments.

Both levels have their own powers. Some of the main features of federalism are given below :

Written Constitution: A written Constitution is essential in a federation in the sense that both the centre and the states should be definite and about their sphere of action.
Division of Powers: The powers of the government in a federation are distributed between the centre and the states.
Independent Judiciary: The presence of an independent and powerful judiciary is most essential in a federation.
Bi-cameralism: Some people are of the opinion that the legislature in a federation should be bi-cameral.
Rigid Constitution: The Constitution should be rigid so that it is not easily changed by impatient hands. The amending procedure is invariably more difficult than the enactment of ordinary laws. In almost all federal states amendments require favourable action by the parliament and a large majority of states.
Supremacy of the Constitution: In a federation Constitution is supreme both the centre and the states should run the administration in accordance with the provisions of the constitution. The supremacy of the constitution is maintained by the Supreme Court.
Double Citizenship: In some federal states citizens enjoy double citizens. An individual is citizen of the state as well as he is citizen of the whole country.
Federation exists in U.S.A., Switzerland, India etc. India has a federal system of government having all features of a federation.

Question 6.
On what basis division of powers is made between the union and the state governments in a federal system?
Or
How powers are divided in our country the Federal of India between centre and states?
Answer:
In our country India, Constitution has clearly demarcated the powers between different levels. Every level is given certain subjects to make laws related to its jurisdiction and they are not allowed to interfere in other’s matters. Actually, this distribution is three folded. Three types of lists are given in the Constitution in which subjects are divided.

These three lists and their jurisdiction is given below:

Union List. Union list is a list of 97 (presently 100) subjects on which the Central government can make laws. Union list includes the subjects of national importance like defence, finance, foreign affairs, post and telegraph, banking, etc. Only the Central government can take decisions regarding these matters.
State List. State list is a list of 66 (presently 61) subjects on which state government can make laws, Central government has nothing to do with it. Matters of local importance like police, agriculture, irrigation, commerce trade, etc. are included in it. State governments alone can make laws on the subjects given in this list.
Concurrent list. The concurrent list is a list of 47 (presently 52) subjects that are of common interest for both central and state governments. Issues like forests, education, trade unions, etc. are included in it. Both Central and state governments can make laws on these issues. But if there will be any clash of laws then the laws made by the Central government will prevail. In this way, powers are divided into Central and state governments in the Indian federal system.

PSEB 10th Class SST Solutions Civics Chapter 3 The State Government

October 19, 2024October 18, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Social Science Book Solutions Civics Chapter 3 The State Government Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 3 The State Government

SST Guide for Class 10 PSEB The State Government Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 1.
How many Chambers a State Legislative Assembly has? Give their names.
Answer:
In many states of India, the State Legislatures have one House. Some State Legislatures have two Houses. Where the State Legislature has two Houses, these are Vidhan Sabha and Vidhan Parishad. Where there is only one House, the name of the House is Vidhan Sabha pr Legislative Assembly.

Question 2.
Answer the following questions concerning State Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha).
(a) The qualifications to become its member.
Answer:
Essential qualifications for a person to become the member of the Legislative Assembly or the Vidhan Sabha. Following are the essential qualifications for a person to become the member of the Vidhan Sabha :

He must be a citizen of India.
He must have completed 25 years of age.
He must not be either an insolvent or a bankrupt or of unsound fnind.
He must not hold any office of profit under the Government of India or the State Government.

(b) The maximum and minimum number of its members as per the Constitution.
Answer:
Number of Members. The number of members of the Vidhan Sabha is fixed by the Parliament on the basis of the population of the state concerned. It can have a maximum membership of 500 and a minimum of 60 persons.

(c) Mention the stages, an ordinary bill has to pass through.
Answer:
Stages of an ordinary bill. An ordinary bill, before becoming an act, has to pass through the following stages; At the first stage, the bill is introduced in the House and its first reading is done. At the second stage, a general discussion on each clause of the bill takes place. At the third stage, the debate is confined to the acceptance or rejection of the bill.

(d) The minimum age required to become the member of the Legislative Assembly.
Answer:
Minimum age limit for the member of the Vidhan Sabha.
The minimum age limit for contesting election to the Vidhan Sabha is 25 years.

(e) How is the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly elected?
Answer:
Election of the Speaker. The Speaker presides over the meetings of the State Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) and maintains discipline and decorum in the House. He is elected by the House from amongst its own members.

Question 3.
Answer the following questions concerning Legislative Council of a state :
(а) How many members can be there of the Legislative Council?
Answer:
The maximum strength of the Vidhan Parishad. The Vidhan Parishad is the upper House of the State Legislature. The maximum strength of this House is fixed at one-third of the membership of the Vidhan Sabha and a minimum of 40 members.

(b) Mention the term of the members of Legislative Council.
Answer:
Term of the members of Legislative Council.
The Legislative Council is a permanent house. The term of members is six years but one-third of its members retire after every two years.

(c) Mention the term of the members of Legislative Assembly.
Answer:
The term of the members of Legislative Assembly is 5 years but the Assembly can be dismissed by the President by using Article 356 even before the completion of its term.

(d) Name four states where the Lagislative Council Exists.
Answer:
Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Telangana, Maharashtra, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh have Legislative Councils. It means these states have bicameral legislature.

Question 4.
Enumerate the four powers of the State Legislature.
Answer:
Following are the main powers of the State Legislature :

To exercise control over the Council of Ministers.
To pass the budget, and to impose, reduce or repeal taxes.
To make laws on the subjects included in the State List and the Concurrent List.
To punish those who violate the discipline of the House.

Question 5.
Do your state has bicameral legislatuse?
Answer:
Punjab has a unicameral legislature called Vidhan Sabha. Punjab has no Second Chamber or Vidhan Parishad.

Question 6.
How is the Governor of a State appointed?
Answer:
The Governor is the constitutional head of a state. He is appointed by the President for a period of five years.

Question 7.
Who and how is a Chief Minister appointed?
Answer:
The Chief Minister of a State is appointed by the Governor. He appoints a person who is the leader of the majority party in the State Vidhan Sabha.

Question 8.
Examine the role of the Governor during President’s rule in a state.
Answer:
If the President is satisfied either on the recommendation of the Governor or otherwise that the government cannot be carried on in a State in accordance with the Constitution, he declares constitutional emergency in the state. The Governor can dismiss the Council of Ministers and dissolve the Vidhan Sabha. He becomes the real head of the State.

Question 9.
Mention the term of the office of the Governor.
Answer:
The term of the Governor is five years. But before the expiry of this term, he can be removed from his office by the President. The President can ask him to hold this office even after five years of his term.

Question 10.
Name the three lists under which powers between union and states are distributed.
Answer:
There are three lists under which powers are divided between union government and state governments :

Union List. It contains 97 subjects on which only union government can make laws.
State List. This list contains 66 subjects on which state government can make laws.
Concurrent List. This list contains 47 subjects on which both union government and state governments can make laws. But in case of clash of laws, central law prevails.

Question 11.
What do you understand by Lok Adalats?
Answer:
Lok Adalats haye been set up in the country with a view to providing speedy and cheap justice to the poor. The first Lok Adalat held its session at Delhi on Oct. 6, 1985. It decided 150 cases in a single day.

Question 12.
When and who appoints Finance Commission?
Answer:
The president of India appoints the Finance Commission at the end of every fifth year or earlier, as the deemed necessary by him/her.

II. Answer the following questions in short :

Question 1.
Briefly describe the administrative powers of the Governor.
Or
Explain three powers of the Governor
Answer:
Following are the executive powers of the Governor of a state :

All executive actions of the State are taken in his name.
It is his responsibility to maintain law and order in the State. There is a provision for a Council of Ministers to assist hini in this work.
He appoints the Chief Minister, and on his advice, other ministers of his Council of Ministers.
He makes high appointments like those of the Advocate General, Chairman and Members of the State Public Service Commission, etc.
He is also consulted by the President in matters relating to the appointment of the judges for the High Court of his State.

Question 2.
Examine the process of appointment of the Council of Ministers in a state.
Answer:
The Constitution of India establishes Parliamentary form of government at the State level and at the Centre. The Governor, therefore, is a nominal head of the State. There is a provision for a Council of Ministers to assist him. The Council of Ministers is the real executive of the State. The Governor appoints a person as the Chief Minister who is the leader of the majority party in the Legislative Assembly. He also appoints other ministers on the advice of the Chief Minister. The Governor can neither delete nor add any new name to the list, given to him by the Chief Minister.

Question 3.
Explain the discretionary powers of a Governor.
Answer:
The Governor has some powers which he can use on his own discretion. These are called his discretionary powers.

The Governor can exercise these powers in the following cases :

When no party holds a clear majority in the State Vidhan Sabha, he shall exercise his discretion in the appointment of the Chief Minister.
In the event of the failure of the constitutional machinery in the state, he may recommend the imposition of the President’s rule in his state.
To safeguard the interests of the Scheduled Castes and Tribes in his state.
To reserve any bill passed by the state legislature for the approval of the President.
The Governor can dismiss the ministry if he is convinced that it has lost the majority support.

Question 4.
How a declaration of the breakdown of constitutional machinery affects the State Government?
Answer:

The President can use all the powers or any of the executive powers of the state.
The powers taken over by him shall be exercised by him either directly or through officers subordinate to him. These powers are generally exercised by the state Governor.
He can suspend or dissolve the legislative assembly of the state.
The Parliament can make laws on any subject on the State list for that State.
The Parliament passes the annual budget of the state.
The Council of Ministers of the state is dismissed.

Question 5.
Distinguish between the Cabinet and the Council of Ministers.
Answer:
There are the following differences between the Cabinet and the Council of Ministers :

The Council of Ministers consists of about 60 ministers, whereas the Cabinet has only 15-20 members.
The Cabinet is the inner part of the Council of Minister. That is why, it is commonly termed as wheel within a wheel.
The Cabinet formulates all the policies of the state whereas the Council of Ministers does not take part in policy making.
The meetings of the Cabinet are held once or twice a week but the meetings of the Council of Ministers are very rarely held.

Question 6.
Examine the four main functions of the Council of Ministers.
Answer:
Following are the four main functions of the Council of Ministers :

Formulation of Policies. The first important function of the Council of Ministers of a state is the formulation of the policies on the basis of which the administration of the state is to be conducted.
Administration. The Council of Ministers is the real executive of the state. Each minister is made incharge of a department and it is his responsibility to run the administration of the department smoothly.
Legislative functions. It is the Council of Ministers that decides the time of summoning and prorougation of the legislature. The Governor’s address is prepared by the council. Majority of the bills are introduced in the legislature by the Council of Ministers.
Financial functions. It is the Council of Ministers which prepares the budget and decides the financial policy of the state. It decides which new taxes are to be imposed. It also decides which taxes are to be increased or decreased.

Question 7.
How a money bill becomes an Act in a State Legislature?
Answer:
A money bill can be introduced by a minister only in the Vidhan Sabha. In a State, which has bicameral legislature, the money bill, after being passed by the Vidhan Sabha, is sent to the Vidhan Parishad. The Vidhan Parishad can keep pending the money bill for 14 days. After this, it sends the bill to Vidhan Sabha with or without its suggestions. The Vidhan Sabha has power to reject or accept these suggestions. Then the bill passed by the Vidhan Sabha is sent to the Governor for approval. The bill, after getting the assent of the Governor, becomes an act.

Question 8.
Explain the original jurisdiction or administrative powers of a High Court.
Answer:
Some cases can be brought before the High Court directly. This is called the original jurisdiction of the High Court. The High Court has original jurisdictions in the following cases :

Any case regarding the fundamental rights can be brought directly to the High Court. The High Court is empowered to issue five kinds of writs for the enforcement of fundamental rights.
The State High Courts like the Supreme Court can strike down any law passed by the State Legislature or the Parliament or any order of the executive if it violates any provision of the Constitution.

Question 9.
Describe the Appellate jurisdiction of a High Court.
Answer:

The High Court can hear appeals against the decision of the lower courts in most of the revenue and criminal cases.
The High Court can hear appeals in criminal cases in which the accused has been sentenced to four years imprisonment by the Sessions Judge. The Sessions Judge of a district court can award death sentence in criminal cases. But such a sentence is subject to the confirmation of the High Court.

Question 10.
‘A High Court is a Court of Record’. How?
Answer:
According to Article 251, every State High Court is a Court of Record, and as such its decisions are recorded and the courts subordinate to it accept these decisions as judicial precedents.

Question 11.
Examine the organization and main functions of the Lok Adalats.
Answer:
Lok Adalats. The Lok Adalats have been set up in the country with a view to providing speedy and cheap justice to the poor. Justice P.N. Bhagwati is regarded as its founder. The first Lok Adalat held its session at Delhi in October 6, 1985 and settled many cases in a single day. Our courts have heavy work-load. Lakhs of cases are pending. The system provides the simplest way to file a petition for a poor citizen in the Lok Adalat through a simple letter written on a postcard. In 1987, these Lok Adalats got legal recognition.

Question 12.
Describe briefly the relations between the Union and States on one of the following :
(a) Legislative Relations
(b) Administrative Relations
(c) Financial Relations.
Answer:
(а) Legislative Relations. The union legislature can make laws on the subjects given in the Union list and Concurrent list while the State Legislature can make laws on the State list and the Concurrent list. Only the Parliament can make laws on subjects in the State List as well as the Concurrent List during the declaration of emergency in the State (Art. 356).

(b) Administrative Relations. The administrative powers of the State shall be so exercised that they do not come into conflict with executive powers of the Centre. The Union government can issue instructions to the States for that purpose if it thinks it necessary. The executive powers of the union government shall also extend to the giving of directions to a state regarding the construction and maintenance .of the means of communication declared to be of national and military importance.

(c) Financial Relations. The sources of income are divided between the Centre and the States. The important sources of income of the Central Government are such as

Customs and export duties.
Income tax.
Estate duty.
Interstate trade tax.

Sources of Income of the States are such as :

Land revenue
House tax
Taxes on succession to agricultural land
V.A. tax.

PSEB 10th Class Social Science Guide The State Government Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions in one line or one word :

Question 1.
Where is Punjab High Court located?
Answer:
Punjab High Court is located at Chandigarh.

Question 2.
How many States and Union Territories are there in the Indian Republic?
Answer:
There are twenty-eight States and eight Union Territories in India.

Question 3.
On what basis have the states been classified?
Answer:
In India, the states have been organised on a linguistic basis.

Question 4.
What is called a Union Territory?
Answer:
An administrative unit the administration of which is under the Union Government.

Question 5.
On which lists of subjects can the State Government make laws?
Answer:
The State Legislature can make laws on the subjects in the State list and Concurrent list.

Question 6.
In which House can a money bill be introduced?
Answer:
A money bill can be introduced only in the Vidhan Sabha.

Question 7.
Who is the real head of a State Government?
Answer:
The Chief Minister is the real head of a State Government.

Question 8.
Mention two qualifications for the office of the Governor.
Answer:
He must be a citizen of India and must have completed 35 years of age.

Question 9.
Write any one executive power of the Governor.
Answer:
The Governor is the executive head of the State.

Question 10.
Mention any one legislative function of the Governor.
Answer:
He summons, adjourns and prorogues the State Legislature.

Question 11.
Mention any one financial power of the Governor.
Answer:
The Budget of the State is presented to the Legislative Assembly in his name.

Question 12.
Write any one judicial power of the Governor.
Answer:
The Governor is consulted by the President in the appointment of the judges of the High Court.

Question 13.
How many minimum sessions of the State Legislature must be held in a year?
Answer:
The State Legislature must hold at least two sessions in a year.

Question 14.
Who is the chipf adviser of the Governor?
Answer:
The Chief Minister is the chief adviser of the Governor.

Question 15.
Write any one power of the Chief Minister.
Answer:
The Chief Minister prepares a list of the ministers and sends it to the Governor for approval.

Question 18.
What is the number of members of the Punjab Legislative Assembly?
Answer:
The Punjab Legislative Assembly consists of 117 members.

Question 17.
Who can appoint the Governor?
Answer:
The Governor is appointed by the President of India.

Question 18.
Who appoints the Chief Minister?
Answer:
The Chief Minister is appointed by the Governor.

Question 19.
What is the tenure of the Governor?
Answer:
The tenure of the Governor is five years.

Question 20.
What is tenure of Legislative Council?
Answer:
Legislative Council is a permanent body. Its one-third members retire by rotation after every two years and these members can be re-elected. The tenure of each member is six years.

Question 21.
What is the name of the Governor of the Punjab?
Answer:
V.P. Singh Bednore.

Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
There are _________ States in India.
Answer:
28

Question 2.
There are _________ Union Territories in India.
Answer:
8

Question 3.
In Punjab there is _________ Legislature.
Answer:
unicameral

Question 4.
The _________ is the Chief advisor of the Governor.
Answer:
Chief Minister

Question 5.
The Governor is appointed by the _________
Answer:
President

Question 6.
The tenure of the Governor is _________
Answer:
five

Question 7.
The Chief Minister is appointed by the _________
Answer:
Governor

Question 8.
The Judges of the High Court are appointed by the _________
Answer:
President

Question 9.
The strength of the Punjab Legislative Assembly is _________
Answer:
117

Question 10.
The Judges of the High Court retire at the age of _________ years.
Answer:
sixty-two

Question 11.
The constitutional head of the state is _________
Answer:
Governor

Question 12.
The Legislative Council is a _________ House.
Answer:
Permanent

Question 13.
The tenure of the Legislative Assembly is _________ years.
Answer:
five.

Choose the correct answer :

Question 1.
The Governor of a state is :
(a) Head of Govt.
(b) Head of the State
(c) Head of the Union Territory
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Head of the State

Question 2.
Two Houses of the State Legislature are :
(а) Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
(b) Legislative Council and Lok Sabha
(c) Legislative Assembly and Legislative Council
(d) Rajya Sabha and Legislative Assembly.
Answer:
(c) Legislative Assembly and Legislative Council

Question 3.
Who is the constitutional head of the state?
(a) Governor
(b) Chief Minister
(c) President
(d) Speaker of Legislative Assembly.
Answer:
(a) Governor

Question 4.
The term of office of the Governor is :
(a) 4 years
(b) 5 years
(c) 3 years
(d) 6 years.
Answer:
(b) 5 years

Question 5.
The tenure of the Legistative Assembly in normal time is :
(a) 4 years
(b) 6 years
(c) 3 years
(d) 5 years.
Answer:
(d) 5 years.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the composition of the State Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha).
Answer:
The Vidhan Sabha consists of the members directly elected by the people of the State on the basis of adult franchise. According to the Constitution, its maximum membership shall not exceed 500 and shall not be below 60. A citizen having attained the age of 25 years is eligible to be elected to this house. The tenure of the Vidhan Sabha is five years. This house has a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker to conduct its meetings. The House elects them from among its members.

Question 2.
How is the Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad) organised?
Answer:
The membership of the Vidhan Parishad cannot exceed one-third of the membership of the Vidhan Sabha with a minimum of 40 members. Its members are elected or nominated as under:

1/3rd members are elected by the Vidhan Sabha from amongst persons who are not its members.
1/3rd members are elected by the local bodies of the state.
1/12th of members are elected by persons of at least three years’ standing as teachers in educational institutions not lower in standard than that of a secondary school.
1/12th of members are elected by the university graduates of at least three years’ standing in the state.
1/6th members are nominated by the Governor from amongst persons possessing special knowledge and experience in the fields of arts, literature, science, etc.

Question 3.
Describe the position of the Governor as a representative of the Central Government.
Answer:
The Governor of an Indian State is the head of the State but he is the representative of the Centre also. The following facts prove it :

He acts as a link between Central Government and the State Government. He can reserve certain bills for the consideration of the President.
If the Governor feels that administration of the state cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, he can recommend to the President to declare emergency arising due to breakdown of constitutional machinery in the state. In that case, the President may impose President’s Rule in that state.
The State Vidhan Sabha and the Council of Ministers may be suspended or dissolved. During the emergency the Governor acts as a representative of the Central Government. He runs the administration with the help of an Advisory Council.

Question 4.
Mention the grounds on the basis of which the Governor can recommend President’s rule in the state.
Answer:
The Governor can recommend to the President for the imposition of President’s rule in his state if he is satisfied that :

the constitutional machinery has broken down in the state; and
the ruling party has lost the support of the majority of legislators.

Question 5.
Write a short note on the ‘Union Territories’.
Answer:
There are, at present, eight Union Territories apart from the 2S States. Since the area and population covered by them is small, so these are not given the status of a full-fledged state. The administration of the Union Territories is under the control of the President acting through a Lt. Governor or a Chief Commissioner. The Parliament may constitute, for every such territory, a Council of Advisors to the Chief Commissioner which may partly be elected and partly nominated.

Question 6.
List out three similarities in the organisation of Central and the State Governments.
Answer:
The following are three similarities with regard to the organisation of Central and State Governments :

The Constitution’ establishes the parliamentary form of government both at the Centre and in the units.
Both at the Centre and in the States there exists’ independent impartial judicial system with a single hierarchy of coy^s to administer justice on, both the Union and the State laws.
The legislature of the Centre is bicameral and so it is in many states such as Bihar, Tamilnadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh.

Question 7.
List out three dissimilarities in the organisation of the Centre and State Governments.
Answer:
The following are the three dissimilarities with regard to the organisation of Central and State Governments :

The head of the state at the centre is an elected President; but the Governor, the head of the state, is nominated.
The central legislature is bicameral but most of the states have unicameral legislatures.
There is no office like that of the Vice-President in the States.

Question 8.
Give four non-legislative functions of the State Legislature.
Answer:
The following are the non-legislative functions of the State Legislature :

The State Legislature exercises control over the finances of the State.
The Legislature’deliberates on the no-confidence motion against the Government.
The elected members of the State Legislature elect the members of Rajya Sabha.
Each of the Houses of the Legislature elects its own Chairman and Deputy Chairman.

Question 9.
Mention three major legislative functions of the Governor.
Answer:
The following are the legislative functions of the Governor :

He summons, adjourns and prorogues the State Legislature.
All bills passed by the legislature are sent to him for his approval.
He can issue ordinances during the recess of the State Legislature.

Question 10.
Mention three major executive functions of the Governor.
Answer:
The following are the executive functions of the Governor :

He appoints the Chief Minister and on his advice the other ministers.
He appoints the Advocate General of the State, the Chairman and the members of the Public Service Commission and other officials of the State.
The Chief Minister informs the Governor about all decisions of the Council of Ministers and supplies him information relating to the administration of the State.

Question 11.
Mention the four major functions of the State Governments.
Answer:
The State Governments perform the following functions :

The most important function of each State Government is to maintain law and order in its State.
It is also the function of the State Government to provide the citizens with basic amenities of life.
It provides educational facilities to its citizens.
The Government is also expected to look after the economic welfare of the citizens by undertaking development programmes.

Question 12.
Explain three powers of the Chief Minister.
Answer:
Following are the powers of the Chief Minister :

Appointment of the Minister*. The Chief Minister prepares a list of his Ministers and sends it to the Governor.
Distribution of Portfolios. The Chief Minister distributes the portfolios among the ministers.
Removal of Ministers. He can ask a minister to resign. If that minister refuses to resign, the Chief Minister can ask the Governor to remove him from the Cabinet.
Head of the Council of Ministers. The Chief Minister calls the meetings of the Council of Ministers and presides over the meetings.

Question 13.
Describe the position of the Chief Minister.
Answer:
Position of the Chief Minister, In fact, the Chief Minister is the most important and powerful authority in the State. There is no field of the State administration which is not under the control of the Chief Minister. A minister remains in office so long as he continues to enjoy the confidence of the Chief Minister. He is the pivot around which the whole administration of the state revolves.

Question 14.
Discuss the administrative powers of the High Court.
Answer:
Following are the administrative powers of the High Court:

It exercises the power of superintendence and control over all the subordinate courts.
It makes rules and regulations for the transaction of business of the subordinate courts.
It frames rules for the promotion of the judges.

Question 15.
Write a note on the District Courts.
Answer:
For the convenience of judicial administration, a state is divided into districts. There are subordinate courts in every district which are under, the control of the District and Sessions Judge. The District and Sessions Judge is appointed by the State Governor in consultation with the High Court. A person to be eligible for appointment to the post of District and Sessions Judge should be an advocate of at least 7 years’ standing or should have served in the central or state government. The High Court exercises control over the district courts.

Question 16.
What are the unitary features of the Indian Constitution?
Answer:
The Indian Constitution has created a very strong Centre. There are three Lists : Central List, State List and Concurrent List, distributing the powers between the Centre and the States. The Central Government has a large number of powers. It has co-equal powers with the States to legislate on the Concurrent List and in the event of any difference between the Centre and the State, on any law, the central law prevails. The residuary powers are also with the Centre.

During the emergency the Centre gets powers to legislate even on State List. Yet another implication of the declaration of emergency in the country is that the federal structure turns into unitary one, thus making the Centre all powerful.

Question 17.
How have the powers of government been divided between the Union and the States?
Answer:
Powers of the government have clearly been divided between the onion and the states. There are three different lists of the Subjects:

The Union List. There are 97 subjects in the Union list. Only Union Government can make laws on these subjects. The main subjects, are Railways, Post and Telegraph, Coinage and Currency, Defence, and Foreign Affairs.
The State List. There are 66 subjects in this list. The state governments make laws on them. The main subjects are law and order, police, agriculture, irrigation, and public works.
The Concurrent List. There are 47 subjects on the concurrent list such as Family Planning, Marriage and Divorce, control over press, Education etc. In this list are those subjects on which both the Centre and the States can make laws. But if the two laws are contradictory, the law made by the Centre prevails.

Question 18.
Discuss the relationship between the Governor and the Council of Ministers.
Answer:
The Governor is the executive head of the State. He is the nominal head of the State. He is to act on the advice of the State Council of Ministers. The Governor cannot act according to his discretion while appointing the Chief Minister and other members of the Council of Ministers. Only the leader of the majority party in the State Legislative Assembly is appointed the Chief Minister by him. However, if no party gets clear majority, he is at liberty to appoint the Chief Minister. Other ministers are appointed by him on the advice of the Chief Minister. He distributes portfolios among the ministers on the advice of the Chief Minister. But under certain circumstances, he becomes the real head of the state. He acts as the agent of the centre in the state in times of Constitutional Emergency. He also enjoys certain discretionary powers.

Question 19.
What are the powers of the Governor?
Answer:
The Governor has many legislative, executive, financial and judicial powers.

He organises the Council of Ministers on the advice of the Chief Minister,
He appoints members of the State Public Service Commission,
The bills passed by the State Legislature are sent to him for assent.
Before the start of every financial year, he causes to be laid through the Finance Minister annual Budget before the Legislature,
He advises the President about’ the appointment of the judges of the High Court,
He can reserve certain bills for the consideration of the President. He can send report to the President with regard to the breakdown of constitutional machinery in the State.

Question 20.
Describe the powers of State Legislature.
Answer:
1. Legislative Powers. It can legislate on all subjects included in the state list and concurrent list as well. If its legislation on some subjects of the concurrent list is contrary to the parliamentary law then it becomes null and void to the extent it is contrary to that.

2. Financial Powers. It has complete control over the financial affairs of the state. The finance minister presents the state budget before the legislative assembly every year. To impose or reduce or abolish all taxes is within its executive powers.

3. Executive Powers. The. council of ministers headed by Chief Minister is the real executive and it is directly and collectively responsible to the legislative assembly.

4. Miscellaneous functions,

Members of the legislative assembly participate in the election of the President and the Vice President of India.
The legislative assembly elects its own Speaker and Deputy Speaker.
It can create a contingency fund of the State which is controlled by the (Governor.
It can suspend its own members if they disrupt the proceedings of the House.

Question 21.
Explain the original jurisdiction and powers regarding*the fundamental rights of the High Court.
Answer:
Some cases can directly be brought to a High Court. They are cases relating to fundamental rights, wills, divorce, marriages, contempt of court etc. Election disputes can also be heard by the High Court. The High Courts of Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai can hear civil cases of a value exceeding Rs. 20,00Q or more.

In case regarding fundamental rights, the High Court can issue writs for the enforcement of fundamental rights.
The High Court can declare unconstitutional any law passed by the State Legislature or any executive order of a State Government which it finds violative of any of the provisions of the Constitution. Laws declared unconstitutional by a High Court cannot be enforced.

Question 22.
How is a money bill passed in a State Legislative Assembly?
Answer:
A money bill can be introduced in a State Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha). After a bill is passed by it, the bill is sent to Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad) which can delay it for 14 days only.

PSEB 9th Class SST Solutions Civics Chapter 4 India’s Parliamentary Democracy

October 17, 2024October 16, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Social Science Book Solutions Civics Chapter 4 India’s Parliamentary Democracy Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Civics Chapter 4 India’s Parliamentary Democracy

SST Guide for Class 9 PSEB India’s Parliamentary Democracy Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
_________ appoints the judges of the Supreme Court.
Answer:
The President.

Question 2.
The President of India exercises all his powers only on the advice of _________
Answer:
Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers.

II. Multiple Choice Questions :

Question 1.
Which is the final authority for making laws in India?
(i) The Cabinet
(ii) The Parliament
(iii) The Lok Sabha
(iv) The President.
Answer:
(ii) The Parliament.

Question 2.
Who chairs the cabinet meetings?
(i) The President
(ii) The Governor
(iii) The Prime Minister
(iv) The Party President.
Answer:
(iii) The Prime Minister

III. Write T (for True) and F (for False) statements :

Question 1.
The Prime Minister is the Constitutional Head of our country.
Answer:
False.

Question 2.
Indian Parliament comprises the Lok Sabha, the Rajya Sabha and the President of India.
Answer:
True.

IV. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
In India which form of the government has been adopted in centre and states?
Answer:
In India parliamentary form of government has been adopted at central and state level.

Question 2.
In parliamentary system, who is the real executive of the country?
Answer:
Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers.

Question 3.
Who is nominal executive in India?
Answer:
The President is the nominal executive in India.

Question 4.
Who is included in the electoral college for the Indian President?
Answer:
The elected members of Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha (M.P.’s) and State Legislative Assemblies (including Delhi and Puducherry.)

Question 5.
Name any two features of the Parliamentary system.
Answer:

In the Parliamentary system, there is a nominal head of the country.
After elections whichever party gets clear cut majority in Parliament (Lok Sabha) forms the government.

Question 6.
What is called the lower house of the Parliament?
Answer:
Lok Sabha is called the lower house of the Parliament.

Question 7.
How many members can be nominated by the President in the Rajya Sabha?
Answer:
12 members are nominated by the President to the Rajya Sabha.

Question 8.
What is the tenure of the members of the Rajya Sabha?
Answer:
Rajya Sabha members are elected for six years but one third retire after every two years.

Question 9.
What is the name of the Head of the State in Canada and Australia?
Answer:
Governor General is the Head of State in Canada and Australia.

Question 10.
Who makes an oath to the Prime Minister and other ministers?
Answer:
The President makes an oath to the Prime Minister and other ministers.

Question 11.
Who presides over the meetings of the cabinet?
Answer:
Prime Minister presides over the meetings of the cabinet.

Question 12.
Give the names of two forms of Govt; on the basis of relationship between executive and legislative.
Answer:

Parliamentary Govt.: In this Council of Ministers is responsible to Legislature for its actions.
Presidential form of Govt.: In this executive cannot be removed by Legislature.

Question 13.
From which country Parliamentary system in India has been taken?
Answer:
Parliamentary form of Government is taken from the Constitution of England.

Question 14.
What is the name of the lower and upper house of Parliament in England?
Answer:

Lower House-House of Commons.
Upper House-House of Lords.

V. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How is the Prime Minister elected?
Answer:
After the general elections of Lok Sabha whichever party or group gets majority, elects its leader who is called by the President to form the government. The President appoints him the Prime Minister and on his advice he also appoints the Council of Ministers.

Question 2.
What is the meaning of the collective responsibility of the ministers?
Answer:

The council of ministers is responsible towards the Parliament or legislature. It means that it does not matter whether any minister is happy with the decision of council of ministers or not, he is required to support the decision in the Parliament.
If the Parliament (Lok Sabha) passes no-confidence motion against any minister, it is considered no confidence against the whole council of ministers. In this case Prime Minister and his council of ministers are bound to resign.
Members of parliament can ask ministers any question regarding their departments.

Question 3.
How does the legislature control over the activity of ministers?
Answer:

The council of ministers is responsible towards the Parliament or legislature. It means that it does not matter whether any minister is happy with the decision of council of ministers or not, he is required to support the decision in the Parliament.
If the Parliament (Lok Sabha) passes no-confidence motion against any minister, it is considered no confidence against the whole council of ministers. In this case Prime Minister and his council of ministers are bound to resign.
Members of parliament can ask ministers any question regarding their departments.

Question 4.
Explain briefly any three duties of the Prime Minister.
Answer:

Prime Minister creates the Council of Ministers.
He distributes different portfolios to different ministers.
He acts as a link between the President and Council of Ministers.
He can advise the President to dissolve the Lok Sabha even before the completion of his term.
He presides over the meetings of Council of Ministers.

Question 5.
Write a short note on the structure of the parliament.
Answer:
The two Houses of the Parliaments are :

Lok Sabha and
Rajya Sabha.

Term of the Lok Sabha: The Lok Sabha is elected for 5 years. But the President can dissolve it earlier too. During emergency due to external aggression or internal insurrection its term can be extended.

Term of the Rajya Sabha: Rajya Sabha is a permanent house. But after every two years one third (l/3rd) of its members retire and new ones are elected in their place. Thus every member is elected for a term of six years.

Question 6.
How are the members of the Rajya Sabha elected?
Answer:
The maximum strength of the Rajya Sabha can be 250. Out of these 12 members are nominated by the President. The remaining 238 members represent the States and Union Territories. The representatives of the States are elected by the elected members of their Legislative Assemblies and in case of Union Territories are chosen in such a manner as the Parliament may by law determine. At present Rajya Sabha consists of 245 members.

Question 7.
Describe any four powers of the President.
Answer:

The President can Summon, prorogue the Parliament and dissolve the Lok Sabha.
He can address the two Houses of the Parliament jointly or he may address them independently.
He nominates 12 members to the Rajya Sabha and two members to the Lok Sabha.
No bill passed by the Parliament can become an Act without the assent of the President.
He gives approval to many bills passed by the State Legislatures.

Question 8.
Write a note on the structure of the council of ministers.
Answer:
Article 75 of the Constitution says that the President shall appoint the Prime Minister and on his advice, he shall also appoint the Council of Ministers. But he cannot appoint any of the minister of his own. It is the discretionary power of the Prime Minister as to whom he wants to get appointed as minister.

There are three types of ministers.

Cabinet Ministers. They are the most trustworthy ministers and are given independent charge of an important portfolio.
Minister of State. They may or may not be given independent charge of any portfolio or can be asked to assist any cabinet minister.
Deputy Minister. They are not given any independent charge but are asked either to assist any cabinet minister or minister of state.

VI. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write a brief note on the structure of Rajya Sabha.
Answer:
The maximum strength of the Rajya Sabha can be 250. Out of these 12 members are nominated by the President. The remaining 238 members represent the States and Union Territories. The representatives of the States are elected by the elected members of their Legislative Assemblies and in case of Union Territories are chosen in such a manner as the Parliament may by law determine. At present Rajya Sabha consists of 245 members.

Question 2.
Write a brief note on the leadership of Prime Minister in the Parliamentry system.
Answer:
As a leader the Prime Minister has following powers :
(a) Leader of the Cabinet. The Prime Minister is the leader of the Cabinet.

(b) Powers regarding Appointment. He exercises very vast powers of patronage which are the following :

Appointment of Ministers.
Appointment of Ambassadors.
Appointment of Governors.
Appointment of Attorney General.
Appointment of C.A.G.
Appointment of various Commissions and Committees.

To recommend to the President about summoning and proroguing of the Parliament.
To advise the President to dissolve Lok Sabha.
To issue ordinances and propose Legislation.
To make details of skeleton Laws made by the Parliament.
To act as a Leader of the Parliament.

(d) Powers regarding the Party. The Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party. He guides the policy formulation of his party.

Pt. Nehru combined in himself the powers of a party chief and the leader of the majority party.

He is the leader of his party.
He popularises his party among the masses.
He cares that the opposition does not have any complaint against him.

(e) Powers as an Advisor. The Prime Minister exercises a good deal of advisory powers :

He is the Chief Advisor of the President.
He exercises practically all the powers of the President.
He serves as a link between the President and the Council of Ministers.

Question 3.
Explain in brief qualifications, election and tenure for the President of India.
Answer:
Election. The President is elected indirectly by an electoral college. Elected members of both the Houses of Parliament and elected members of Legislative Assemblies of States (including Delhi and Puducherry) constitute the Electoral College. The voting is held on the basis of proportional representation by the single transferable vote system.

Qualifications :

He should be a citizen of India.
He must have completed the age of 35 years.
He must be qualified to be elected as member of the Lok Sabha.
He must not hold any office of profit under the Government of India or any State Government or local authosrity.

Tenure: The President is elected for a period of five years. The President can be removed from office by impeachment only. He can be impeached for violation of the Constitution. The impeachment charge may be initiated by either House of Parliament. If a resolution is passed by a two-third majority of the total membership of the House then the resolution is sent to the other House. If the other House also passes the resolution by a two-third majority then the President is removed from his office.

Question 4.
What do you mean by the collective and individual responsibility of the Council of Ministers?
Answer:
Collective Responsibility-Article 75 (3) of the Indian Constitution clearly says that the council of ministers is collectively responsible towards Lok Sabha. Council of Ministers can remain on their post till they have majority in Lok Sabha or they have confidence of Lok Sabha. If the majority of Lok Sabha votes against them, they all collectively will have to resign. Council of Ministers acts as a unit and if no confidence motion is passed against any minister, they all will have to resign. It has been said that the “Council of Ministers swim and sink together.”

Individual Responsibility. If all the ministers are collectively responsible then they also have some individual responsibilities. All the ministers are individually responsible for their departments. If any department is unable to function in a better way, Prime Minister can ask for the resignation of the concerned minister. If he refuses to resign, Prime Minister can get him removed by the President.

PSEB 9th Class Social Science Guide India’s Parliamentary Democracy Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions :

Question 1.
Indian Parliament consists of _________
(a) 1
(b) 2.
(c) 3
(d) 4
Answer:
(b) 2.

Question 2.
Upper House of the Parliament is known as
(a) Rajya Sabha
(b) Lok Sabha
(c) Vidhan Sabha
(d) Vidhan Parishad.
Answer:
(a) Rajya Sabha.

Question 3.
Lower House of the Parliament is known as
(a) Rajya Sabha
(b) Vidhan Sabha
(c) Lok Sabha
(d) Vidhan Parishad.
Answer:
(c) Lok Sabha.

Question 4.
Who is the President of India?
(a) Narendra Modi
(b) Pranav Mukherjee
(c) Pratibha Patil
(d) Ramnath Kovind.
Answer:
(d) Ramnath Kovind.

Question 5.
Who is the Prime Minister of India?
(a) Narendra Modi
(b) Manmohan Singh
(c) Rahul Gandhi
(d) Pranav Mukherjee.
Answer:
(a) Narendra Modi.

Question 6.
Who appoints the Prime Minister of India?
(a) President
(b) Speaker
(c) Governor
(d) Vice President.
Answer:
(a) President.

Question 7.
Who was elected as the speaker of 17th Lok Sabha in 2019?
(a) Om Birla
(b) Hamid Ansari
(c) Sonia Gandhi
(d) P. Thambi Durai.
Answer:
(a) Om Birla.

Question 8.
Who appoints the judges of the Supreme Court?
(a) Prime Minister
(b) Speaker
(c) President
(d) Vice President.
Answer:
(c) President.

Question 9.
Who protects the fundamental rights of the citizens?
(a) President
(b) Supreme Court
(c) Speaker
(d) Prime Minister.
Answer:
(b) Supreme Court.

Fill in the Blanks :

Question 1.
In India _________ is known as the Head of country.
Answer:
President

Question 2.
After the elections of Lok Sabha in 2014, _________ formed the government.
Answer:
Narendra Modi

Question 3.
In India real powers are in the hands of _________
Answer:
Prime Minister

Question 4.
Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and _________ are included in Parliament.
Answer:
President

Question 5.
Lok Sabha can have maximum _________ members.
Answer:
552

Question 6.
Rajya Sabha can have maximum _________ members.
Answer:
250

Question 7.
The President can appoint 2 members of,_________ community to Lok Sabha.
Answer:
Anglo-Indian

Question 8.
The age of _________ years is required to become the President of India.
Answer:
35.

True/False:

Question 1.
There is presidential form of govt, in India.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
After the passing of No Confidence Motion, government needs to resign.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
It is not compulsory to be a member of parliament to become a minister.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Lok Sabha is just like house of commons in England.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
The President can nominate 12 members to Rajya Sabha.
Answer:
True

Question 6.
Head of Lok Sabha is known as the Speaker.
Answer:
True

Question 7.
For ordinary bill, prior permission of the President is required.
Answer:
False.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the two Houses of Parliament.
Answer:
Lower House is called Lok Sabha and Upper House is called Rajya Sabha.

Question 2.
What constitutes the Indian Parliament?
Answer:
The President,, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.

Question 3.
Who is represented by Rajya Sabha?
Answer:
Rajya Sabha respresents the States.

Question 4.
What is the maximum strength of Rajya Sabha? What is the present strength of Rajya Sabha?
Answer:
Rajya Sabha can have maximum of 250 members. Presently it has 245 members.

Question 5.
How many members can the President nominate to Rajya Sabha?
Answer:
The President an nominate 12 members Cb Rajya Sabha.

Question 6.
What is the tenure of Rajya Sabha members?
Answer:
6 years but one third members retire after every two years.

Question 7.
Who is the presiding officer of Rajya Sabha?
Answer:
The Vice President is ex-officio chairman of Rajya Sabha.

Question 8.
Who calls the session of Lok Sabha?
Answer:
The President calls the session of Lok Sabha.

Question 9.
Which house of the parliament is more powerful?
Answer:
Lok Sabha.

Question 10.
In which house can an ordinary bill be first introduced?
Answer:
An ordinary bill can be introduced in any of the house.

Question 11.
In which house can a money bill be first introduced?
Answer:
Lok Sabha.

Question 12.
Who is the presiding officer of Lok Sabha?
Answer:
Speaker is the presiding officer of Lok Sabha.

Question 13.
What is the term of Lok Sabha?
Answer:
The members of Lok Sabha are elected for a tenure of 5 years.

Question 14.
Give one power of the parliament.
Answer:
The parliament makes laws for the country.

Question 15.
What is the maximum strength of Lok Sabha? What is its present strength?
Answer:
Lok Sabha can have a maximum strength of 552. Presently it is 545.

Question 16.
Give one function of the presiding officer of Rajya Sabha.
Answer:
He presides over the meetings of Rajya Sabha.

Question 17.
Give a restriction on the supremacy of Parliament.
Answer:
Indian Constitution is written which restricts the supremacy of the Parliament.

Question 18.
Under which conditions, a joint session of Parliament is called?
Answer:
To resolve a dispute between both the houses, a joint session can be called. Question 19. Give one qualification to become the member of Rajya Sabha. Answer:The person must have minimum age of 30 years.

Question 20.
Give one special power of Rajya Sabha.
Answer:
It can declare a subject of state list as of national importance and can authorise the parliament to make laws on the subject.

Question 21.
Give one qualification to become the member of Lok Sabha.
Answer:
The person must have the age of 25 years.

Question 22.
Is Rajya Sabha a nominal house? Give one reason in its favour.
Answer:
Rajya Sabha is not given any power concerning money.

Question 23.
What is the difference between the elections of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha?
Answer:
Members of Lok Sabha are directly elected whereas the members of Rajya Sabha are indirectly elected.

Question 24.
Give one equal power of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
Answer:
For the passing of an ordinary bill, both the houses have equal power.

Question 25.
Give one special power of Lok Sabha.
Answer:
Bypassing no-confidence motion, Lok Sabha can remove the government.

Question 26.
Give one function of the Speaker of Lok Sabha.
Answer:
He regulates the proceedings of the housfe

Question 27.
How is the Speaker of Lok Sabha elected?
Answer:
He is elected by the members within themselves.

Question 28.
Who was elected as the Speaker of 16th Lok Sabha in 2014?
Answer:
Sumitra Mahajan.

Question 29.
Give one difference between money bill and an ordinary bill.
Answer:
An ordinary bill can be introduced in any of the house but money bill can only be introduced in Lok Sabha.

Question 30.
What is meant by collective responsibility?
Answer:
It means that ministers are collectively responsible towards parliament. If no confidence motion passes against one minister, whole of the council of ministers need to resign.

Question 31.
Which government system is adopted in India?
Answer:
India has adopted parliamentary form of government.

Question 32.
How can the Parliament remove the Council of Ministers?
Answer:
By passing no confidence motion in Lok Sabha.

Question 33.
Who can dissolve Lok Sabha?
Answer:
The President can dissolve Lok Sabha on the advice of Prime Minister.

Question 34.
Who decides whether a bill is a money bill or an ordinary bill?
Answer:
The Speaker of Lok Sabha.

Question 35.
Who are included in the central executive?
Answer:
In the central executive, the President, Vice President, Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers are included.

Question 36.
Who elects the President of India?
Answer:
The President is elected by an electoral college.

Question 37.
Who are included in the electoral college?
Answer:
The elected members of parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) and the elected members of state legislative assemblies (including Delhi and Puducherry).

Question 38.
What is the tenure of President? Can he be elected again?
Answer:
The tenure of President is 5 years and he can be re-elected.

Question 39.
Name the first and present President of India.
Answer:
The first President of India was Dr. Rajendra Prasad and the present President of India is Ramnath Kovind.

Question 40.
Who appoints the Prime Minister of India?
Answer:
The Prime Minister of India is appointed by the President.

Question 41.
Who appoints the minister?
Answer:
The ministers are appointed by the President on the advice of Prime Minister.

Question 42.
What is the tenure of Prime Minister?
Answer:
Prime Minister does not have a definite tenure. His tenure depends upon the majority of Lok Sabha.

Question 43.
What is the salary of the President of India?
Answer:
The Indian President gets ₹ 5 lac per month.

Question 44.
When can the President declare national emergency?
Answer:
The President can declare national emergency in case of war, foreign attack or an armed rebellion.

Question 45.
How many types of emergencies are there?
Answer:
Emergency is of three types.

Question 46.
When can the President issue an ordinance?
Answer:
In case of recess of the Parliament the President can issue an ordinance. Question 47. How many members can the President nominate to Lok Sabha? Answer:The President can nominate two Anglo Indian members to Lok Sabha.

Question 48.
Give one executive power of the President.
Answer:
He appoints the leader of majority party as the Prime Minister of’India.

Question 49.
Give one legislative power of the President.
Answer:
He signs the bills passed by the parliament.

Question 50.
Give one financial power of the President.
Answer:
He gives prior sanction to the money bill before its introduction to Lok Sabha.

Question 51.
Give one feature of the council of ministers.
Answer:
There is a great relation between parliament and the council of ministers.

Question 52.
Give one function of the central council of ministers.
Answer:
It makes internal and external policy of India.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the membership of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
Answer:
The maximum membership of Lok Sabha is 552 but presently it is 545. Out of these 545, 543 are the directly elected members and 2 are nominated by the President from Anglo-Indian Community. The maximum strength of Rajya Sabha is 250 but presently it is 245. Out of 245 members. 233 are elected by the state legislative assemblies and 12 are nominated by the President.

Question 2.
Give any three functions of the chairman of Rajya Sabha.
Answer:

He presides over the meetings of Rajya Sabha.
He is responsible to maintain peace in the house and also to carry on its smooth functioning.
He permits the members to speak in the Rajya Sabha.

Question 3.
What is the difference between the elections of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha?
Answer:
The members of Lok Sabha are directly elected by the people and every citizen with the age of 18 years or more have the right to vote. One candidate is elected from a parliamentary constituency and whosoever gets maximum votes is declared as the winner. The members of Rajya Sabha are elected by the elected members of state legislative assemblies. In this way, the members of Rajya Sabha are indirectly elected.

Question 4.
Give three powers of Lok Sabha.
Answer:

By passing no confidence motion, it can remove the government.
Money Bill can only be introduced in Lok Sabha.
In case of any deadlock between both the houses on any ordinary bill, a joint session of parliament is called in which Lok Sabha’s will prevails due to its more numerical strength.

Question 5.
What are the qualifications of the members of Lok Sabha?
Answer:

He must b§ a citizen of India.
He must have completed 25 years of ago.
He must not hold any office of profit under the Government of India or the Government of any State.
He must possess such other qualifications as may he prescribed by the parliament.
No person can be a member of both Houses of Parliament.

Question 6.
What are the qualifications required for the membership of Rajya Sabha?
Answer:

He must be a citizen of India.
He must have completed 30 years of ago.
He must possess such other qualifications as are prescribed by the Parliament.
He should not hold any office of profit under the government of India or any State government.

Question 7.
Write a note on the Speaker.
Answer:
The Speaker is the presiding officer of the Lok Sabha. He is elected by the members of the Lok Sabha from among themselves. The Speaker presides over the meetings of the House ; maintains order in the House and conducts the business of the House in accordance with the rules of the House. The Constitution also provides for the office of the Deputy Speaker.

Question 8.
What do you understand by the supremacy of the Parliament?
Answer:
The meaning of the supermacy of the Parliament is that the ultimate authority of making laws in the country lies in the hands of the Parliament. The bill passed by the Parliament is signed by the President. It makes laws on the subjects of union list, concurrent list, residuary powers and in case of emergency from the state list as well. It takes part in the process of election of the President and Vice President. It can request the President to remove any judge of the Supreme Court and the High Courts. It keeps control over the income and expenditure of the government. It can amend the Constitution. Except this, it keeps control over the government through different methods. So, it is clear that the Parliament is supreme in the country.

Question 9.
What is meant by Parliament? Name its houses and their tenure.
Answer:
The central legislature is known as parliament. It has two houses Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. It is the institution which make laws on the subjects of national importance. Laws made by the parliament are implemented in whole of the country.

Tenure of Lok Sabha. Lok Sabha is elected for five years but it can be dissolved by the President (on the advise of P.M.) even before the completion of its term. During emergency, its tenure can be increased.
Tenure of Rajya Sabha. Rajya Sabha is a permanent house which cannot be dissolved in any case. Its members are elected for six years but one third of the total members retire after every two years.

Question 10.
What is meant by No-confidence Motion?
Answer:
No-confidence means that the leader of the House has lost the confidence of the majority of members and is no longer wanted to lead the party and the government. The no-confidence motion is a formal resolution tabled in the houses to see whether the leader enjoys the confidence of the members of the house. If the motion is passed the leader resigns and is replaced by the new incumbent.

Question 11.
Explain the election process of the members of Lok Sabha.
Answer:
Lok Sabha is the lower house of the Indian Parliament. Its member are directly elected by the people. Every Indian citizen with the age of 18 years or more has the right to vote during Lok Sabha election. Few seats in Lok Sabha are reserved for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. If the President feels that the Anglo Indian community is not represented in Lok Sabha, he can nominate 2 Anglo Indians to Lok Sabha.

Members of Lok Sabha are elected on the basis of population. For the purpose of elections, whole of the country is divided into equal parts. That’s why larger states send more members to Lok Sabha.

Question 12.
Give financial powers of Lok Sabha.
Answer:

Budget and money bill can only be introduced in Lok Sabha.
Rajya Sabha can delay a money bill maximum upto 14 days or it will be considered automatically passed.
Money of the country is kept under the control of the Lok Sabha.

Question 13.
Give three powers of Rajya Sabha.
Answer:
Under the Constitution, the Rajya Sabha has been vested with two special and exclusive powers.

They are :

Under Article 249 the Rajya Sabha may declare by resolution, passed by two-third majority of its members present and voting, that it is necessary or expedient in the national interest that Parliament should make laws with respect to any matter enumerated in the State List.
Rajya Sabha is competent to create one or more All India Services if it passes a resolution by two-thirds majority.
Rajya Sabha alone can initiate the proposal for removing the Vice-President.

Question 14.
How is the Indian President elected?
Answer:
The President is elected indirectly by an electoral college. Elected members of both the houses of Parliament and elected members of Legislative Assemblies of States constitute the Electoral College. The voting is held on the basis of proportional representation by the single transferable vote system.

Question 15.
The President is the nominal head of the state. How?
Answer:
Whole of the administration runs on the name of the President but he is the nominal head of the country. There is parliamentary form of government in India where the President is given enormous powers but he cannot use them of his own. He can use these powers on the advice of Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers. Actual powers are in the hands of Council of Ministers. The President is the constitutional but nominal head of the country.

Question 16.
Write down the legislative powers of the President.
Answer:

The President can convene, prorogue and dissolve the parliament.
He can address the two Houses of the parliament jointly or he may address them independently.
He nominates 12 persons to the Rajya Sabha and two persons to the Lok Sabha.
No bill passed by the Parliament can become an act without the assent of the President.

Question 17.
Can the President become a dictator?
Answer:
The President cannot become a dictator. Even during the times of emergency, he cannot become a dictator. Its major reason is that the parliamentary system of government is adopted in India in which he is the nominal head. Actually his powers are used by the Prime minister and his council of ministers. If he tries to work according to his wish, he can be removed through £he process of impeachment. He can declare emergency only on the written advice of the cabinet. Parliament can remove emergency only by passing a resolution with simple majority.

Question 18.
Whom does the President appoint as the Prime Minister?
Answer:
The President appoints the Prime Minister. He invites the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha and appoints him the Prime Minister. If no single party has a majority, many parties may form a coalition to make a majority and elect a leader. Then the leader of the coalition will be appointed as the Prime Minister.

Question 19.
Mention any two functions of the Prime Minister.
Answer:
1. Formation of the Council of Ministers. First and important function of the Prime Minister is the formation of the Council of Ministers. He prepares the list of the ministers according to his sweet will. Nobody can be appointed a minister against the wishes of the Prime Minister.

2. Distribution of Portfolios. Another major function of the Prime Minister is to distribute portfolios among the ministers. He decides what department is to be allotted to a particular Minister.

Question 20.
Why it is said that the Prime Minister is at the head of the Council of Ministers?
Answer:
The Prime Minister is at the head of the Council of Ministers because the Council of Ministers has no existence without the Prime Minister. He can make or unmake the Council of Ministers. The resignation or death of the Prime Minister leads to the dissolution of the Council of Ministers.

Question 21.
What is the relationship between the President and the Prime Minister in our country?
Answer:
India has Parliamentary form of government. Therefore, the Prime Minister enjoys a better position than the President. The President is the head of Executive but all of his powers are exercised by the Prime Minister. According to 42nd Amendment it has become binding on the President to accept the Prime Minister’s advice. The Prime Minister submits his list of Ministers to the President and the President appoints them. The Prime Minister keeps the President informed of the proceedings of the cabinet. Thus, he serves as a link between the President and the Cabinet.

Question 22.
Discuss about the types of Ministers.
Answer:
There are three types of ministers.

Cabinet Ministers. They are the most trustworthy ministers and are given independent charge of an important portfolio.
Minister of State. They may or may not be given independent charge of any portfolio or can be asked to assist any cabinet minister.
Deputy Minister. They are not given any independent charge but are asked either to assist any cabinet minister or minister of state.

Question 23.
Give any three functions of the cabinet.
Answer:
Following are the functions of the cabinet :

Making national policy: The most important function of the cabinet is to make internal policy and to formulate the policy of public welfare.
Regulating foreign relations: Cabinet forms the foreign policy and regulates the relations with other countries.
Control over administration: Every department is under the control of a minister and the concerned minister tries to run the administration in a proper way.

Question 24.
Give three features of the Indian cabinet.
Answer:
Following are the features of the Indian cabinet :

Nominal head. The President is the nominal head. Whole of the country’s administration is run on the name of the President but actually, it is run by the cabinet.
Relation between executive and legislature. In parliamentary form of government, council of ministers is the executive and it has close relations with the legislature.
Prime Minister Leader. Indian cabinet works under the guidance of the Prime Minister. Every minister has to accept the order of the Prime Minister or he can be removed.

Question 25.
Can the Prime Minister become a dictator?
Answer:
The Prime Minister cannot become a dictator because :

He is responsible towards the Parliament which can remove him if he tries to do so.
Parliament (Lok Sabha) can remove him by passing a no-confidence motion.
He cannot work against the public opinion.
He is required to care about the opposition party.

Question 26.
Discuss the mutual relations between the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers.
Answer:
The Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Lok Sabha. He gets the Council of Ministers appointed by the President and distributes them different portfolios. He presides over the meetings of the council of Ministers. If any minister does not work according to the Prime Minister, he can be asked to resign. If any minister refuses to resign, he can dissolve whole of the Council of Ministers and can create it again sans that minister.

Question 27.
Give judicial powers of the President.
Answer:

The President appoints the Chief Justice and other judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts.
The President has the powers to grant pardon or reduce the sentence awarded to a criminal.
The President has the power to reprieve (temporarily suspend) the sentence.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the powers of the Union Parliament.
Answer:
Following are the main powers of the Union Parliament :

Legislative Powers. The Parliament can frame laws on the subjects mentioned in the Union List and Concurrent List. Under certain special circumstances the Parliament gets the right to frame laws on the subjects mentioned in the State List.
Financial Powers. The Parliament controls the finances of the country. The budget is passed by the Parliament.
Executive Power’s. The Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers are responsible to the Parliament for their actions and policies. The Parliament has the power to remove the Council of Ministers by passing a vote of no-confidence.
Judicial Powers. The Parliament can remove the President from office through impeachment. The Parliament can remove the judges of the High Courts and Supreme Court by passing a resolution to that effect.
Electoral Powers. The elected members of Parliament participate in the election of the President. The Vice President is elected by the members of both the Houses of Parliament.
Amendment of the Constitution. Under Article 368 .the Parliament can make any amendment in the Constitution but it has no. power to change the basic structure of the Constitution.

Question 2.
Write down the Executive powers of the President.
Answer:
The President is the Chief Executive or Head of the State. According to Art. 53 (1) of the Constitution, the executive powers of the Union have been vested in the President. He may exercise these powers himself or get them exercised through officers subordinate to him.
1. Administration is run in the name of the President. The entire administration of India is conducted in his name and all government decisions are formally announced as his decisions. Laws passed by the Parliament are promulgated in his name.

2. Appointments. (i) He appoints the Prime Minister and other ministers on the advice of the Prime Minister, (ii) He appoints the Attorney General, the Comptroller and the Auditor General. Judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts, the Chairman and Members of the Union Public Service Commission, the Chairman and Members of Joint Public Service Commission, the Election Commission, Finance Commission, the Official Language Commission and Commission for the Scheduled Castes. Scheduled Tribes, Backward Classes, etc. He also appoints the State Governors, Lt. Governors and Chief Commissioners of the Union Territories. He also sends and receives diplomatic representatives.

3. Military Powers. The President is the Supreme Commander of the Defence Forces, but the exercise of military powers of the President is regulated by the Parliament. The President cannot declare war or employ forces without the sanction of the Parliament or in anticipation of the sanction by the Parliament.

4. Powers Relating to Foreign Affairs. The President has extensive diplomatic powers. He represents his country in International affairs. He appoints Indian representatives to foreign countries and also receives diplomatic representatives of other states which have been recognised by the Parliament.

5. Power of Direction, Control and Co-ordination. The President has the power of direction, control and co-ordination of the work in the states. He can issue directions to the states for the compliance of union law.

Question 3.
Explain the .legislative powers of the Indian President.
Answer:
Following are the legislative powers of the Indian President provided by Art. 123 of the Constitution.
1. Power to Summon, Prorogue and Dissolve the Parliament. The President can convene, prorogue and dissolve the Parliament. He can order fresh elections to the Lok Sabha on the recommendation of the Prime Minister. He must call the session of the Parliament within 6 months.

2. Address to the Parliament. He can address the two Houses of the Parliament jointly or he may address them independently. The first session of the Parliament after the General elections is inaugurated by the President. He also addresses the first session of the Parliament every year. In his address the President explains the policy of the Government- to the House.

3. Nominates the Members to the Parliament. He nominates 12 persons to the Rajya Sabha. These persons must have distinguished themselves in the fields of art, literature, science and social service. He can nominate two persons of the Anglo-Indian community to the Lok Sabha if he feels that the community has not got adequate representation.

4. Assent on Bills. No bill passed by the Parliament can become an Act without the assent of the President. He can reject an ordinary bill only once and when passed for the second time, the President is to give his assent.

5. Approval to Money Bills. He gives approval to money bills passed by the State Legislatures.

6. Joint Session. He can call a joint session of the two Houses of the Parliament. If the two Chambers differ on an ordinary bill, only then he calls a joint session.

7. Power to Send Messages. He can send messages to any House from time to time.

8. Ordinance. During the intervals of the session of the Parliament, he can issue ordinances. These ordinances have the force of laws.

Question 4.
Discuss the Legislative’s control over the Executive.
Answer:
Our country has adopted the parliamentary form of government. Parliament can keep control over the Council of Ministers in many ways. It can force the Council of Ministers to work in its way.

Questions: The members of parliament can ask any question to any minister regarding the functioning of their department and it is must for the concerned ministers to reply.
Discussion: Parliament can discuss the presidential address to the parliament and can criticise all of its policies.
Adjournment Motion: To discuss any serious problem, members of parliament can raise adjournment motion. Its aim is to stop the normal preceedings and firstly discuss that problem. In this government can be criticised.
To remove the Council of Ministers: If parliament is not satisfied with the working of the council of ministers, it can remove whole of the council by passing no-confidence motion in Lok Sabha.

Question 5.
Give a few features of the parliamentary form of government.
Answer:
The parliamentary form of government is a system in which the council of ministers is responsible towards the parliament for its political policies and functions. The Head of the state is the nomical head and is not responsible towards parliament.

Features:

Nominal Executive. In a parliamentary system, the head of the country i.e. the President is the nominal head because real powers lie in the hands of the prime minister and his council of ministers.
Clear Majority. In parliamentary form, the government is run by the political party which gets the majority in elections. This party elects its leader who is called by the President to form the government.
Compulsory Membership of Parliament. To become a minister, it is a must for a person to be a member of parliament. If anyone is not a member of parliament, on the advice of the Prime Minister, the President can make him a minister. But it is a must for him to acquire the membership within 6 months or he will have to leave his post.
Collective Responsibility. The council of ministers is collectively responsible towards the legislature. They can be asked any question within the parliament. If parliament (Lok Sabha) passes a no-confidence motion against them, they can be removed from their post.
The leadership of the Prime Minister. In the parliamentary form of government, Prime Minister is the leader of the council of ministers. The President appoints different ministers on the advice of the Prime Minister. Prime Minister looks after the functioning of different ministers and tries to maintain balance among them.

PSEB 9th Class SST Solutions Civics Chapter 1 History, Development and Expansion of the Modern Democracy

October 17, 2024October 16, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Social Science Book Solutions Civics Chapter 1 History, Development and Expansion of the Modern Democracy Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 History, Development and Expansion of the Modern Democracy

SST Guide for Class 9 PSEB History, Development and Expansion of the Modern Democracy Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Fill in the Blanks :

Question 1.
The smallest unit of administration during the Cholas Reign was ________
Answer:
Urr.

Question 2.
________ led the socialistic party in Chile.
Answer:
Salvador Allende.

II. Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
Which of the following countries inspired other countries of the world to adopt Parliamentary system?
(i) Germany
(ii) France
(iii) England
(iv) China.
Answer:
(iii) England.

Question 2.
Which of the following country doesn’t have the Veto Power?
(ii) India
(ii) U.S.A
(iii) France
(iv) China.
Answer:
(i) India.

III. Write T (for True) and F (for False) Statements :

Question 1.
India is a permanent member of the Security Council of UNO.
Answer:
F-False

Question 2.
Democracy is surviving continuously in our neighboring country- Paskistan.
Answer:
T-True.

IV. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which form of ruling system is being adopted in majority of the nations of the world these days?
Answer:
These days, most of the nations adopt democratic setup of government.

Question 2.
Give the names of ideologies remained in Italy and Germany and were responsible for the set hack of democarcy after 1st World War.
Answer:
Fascism in Italy and Nazism in Germany.

Question 3.
When was Allende elected President of Chile?
Answer:
Salvador Allende was elected the President of Chile in 1970 A.D.

Question 4.
When did the reinstallation of democracy take place in Chile?
Answer:
In Chile, democracy was installed again in 1990 A.D.

Question 5.
Who led the strike for demand of democratic rights in Poland?
Answer:
Lech Walesa led the strike for the demand of democratic rights in Poland.

Question 6.
When did the election take place in Poland for Presidentship? Who was elected President?
Answer:
In 1990, the elections were held for the post of President and Lech Walesa was elected the President of Poland.

Question 7.
WTien was the universal adult franchise given to the citizens of India?
Answer:
In 1950, with the implementation of the Indian Constitution, Universal Adult Franchise was given to the Indian Citizens.

Question 8.
Which two big continents were fell prey to Colonialism?
Answer:
Asia and Africa were the victims of colonialism.

Question 9.
When did Ghana-a country of South Africa continent become independent?
Answer:
Ghana became an independent country in 1957 A.D.

Question 10.
Which military dictator took hold of the elected Government in 1999 in our neighbouring country Pakistan?
Answer:
General Parvez Musharraf.

Question 11.
Give the names of two international organisations.
Answer:
United Nations Orgnisation and International Monetary Fund.

Question 12.
What is the function of International Monetary Fund?
Answer:
It provides loan to various countries for development projects.

Question 13.
How many countries are members of the UN?
Answer:
UN has 193 member countries.

Question 14.
Give the names of different ruling system prevailing in the world.
Answer:
Monarchy, totalitarianism, authoritarianism, dictatorship, military dictatorship and democracy.

V. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by adult Franchise?
Answer:
All the Indian citizens, irrespective of their caste, gender, varna, race etc after attaining a fixed age, are given a right to vote in elections. It is known as Universal Adult Franchise. In India, citizens after attaining the age of 18 years, without any discrimination, are given right to vote.

Question 2.
Write a note on the democracy at local level in Chola Kingdom.
Answer:
To run the administration smoothly, Chola rulers divided whole of their kingdom into different units and such administrative units had independent rights. To run the local administration they started a Samiti system which was known as ‘Wariam System’. Different Samitis were formed for different purpose. The smallest unit of administration was ‘Urr’ and to run its administration a samiti of 30 members were elected by the adults of Urr for one year. Each Urr was divided into wards whose members were elected by the people.

Question 3.
What is the meaning of ‘Veto Power’? Give the names of countries having Veto Power.
Answer:
The meaning of Veto Power is to ‘say no’. It means that who so ever is given the right to use Veto Power, no resolution can be passed without its approval. Five members of the Security Council of U.N.O. have the right to use veto power. If any of the five members of the Security Council uses veto, against any resolution, it cannot be passed. The Countries with veto power are-United States of America, England, Russia, France and China.

Question 4.
Write a brief note on the history of democracy in our neighbouring country Pakistan.
Answer:
Pakistan was formed in 1947 by dividing India and its history of democracy is not good. Army in Pakistan is quite powerful and it is quite influential in its politics. In 1958, Prime Minister Firoz Khan Noon was removed by the Army head General Ayub Khan who became head of the country. After this, in 1977, popular and elected Prime Minister Zulfikar Ah Bhuto was again removed by Army General Zia-Ul-Haq and declared himself as the President of Country. In the same way, in 1999, elected Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif was overthrown through a military coup by then Army General Parvez Mussharaf. In 2002, MusshaTaf declared himself as the President of Pakistan. In this way from time to time democratic governments were overthrown by the Army Generals.

Question 5.
Write brief note on the history of democracy in Chile.
Answer:
Chile is a South American country in which Salvador Allende’s Socialist party won President’s elections in 1970. Allende became the President of Chile and he started doing many welfare works for the people, brought many reforms in education and did many works which were opposed by the multi-national companies. On 11 September, 1973, Army head General Augusto Pinochet overthrew the government in which Allende was killed. Power came in the hands of General Pinochet. After ruling the country for 17 years, Pinochet conducted a referendum in which people voted him out of power. In 1990, elections were conducted in the country and democracy was restored in the country.

Question 6.
Who played a great role for the freedom of Ghana-a country of African continent? What was the influence of freedom of Ghana on other countries of African continent?
Answer:
Ghana got independence from the British in 1957 A.D., A person Kwame Nkrumah played the most important role in its freedom struggle. During the freedom

struggle, he along with the people, got the country independent. He became the first Prime Minister and later on the President of country. Ghana’s freedom had a great impact on the other African countries which got motivated by its independence. They along with the passage of time also got freedom from other colonial countries.

VI. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write a note on International Monetary Fund.
Answer:
International Monetary Fund and the World Bank are known? Brentton Wood institutions. International Monetary Fund started its economic operations in 1947 A.D. The decision making process of these institutions is controlled by the western countries. U.S.A. holds the major voting rights of I.M.F. and the World Bank.

This institution gives credit to different countries. It has 188 members and each country has voting rights. The power of giving vote for each country is fixed by the monetary contribution given by it to the institution. 52% voting rights of I.M.F. are controlled only by 10 countries and these are U.S.A., Japan, Germany, France, England, China, Italy, Saudi Arabia, Canada and Russia. As a result, 178 members have very less rights of taking decisions in the institution. In this way we can say that the decision making process in this institution is not democratic.

Question 2.
Write a note on United Nations Organization.
Answer:
United Nations Organization is an international organization which was formed after second world war on 24th October, 1945. It had 51 original members and India was one of them. United Nations was a result of those efforts which were made by keeping in mind the world peace and to stop further wars. Presently it has 193 members.

United Nations has a Parliament which is known as United Nations General Assembly. Here each country is given equal voting rights and members here discuss all the issues related to the problems of world. The meeting of general Assembly is presided over by the Chairman. United Nations has one Secretriate whose head is known as ‘Secretary General’. All the decisions are taken by consulting the concerned members. It has six organs and these are General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, International Court of Justice and the Secretriate.

Question 3.
Explain in brief the development of democracy in ancient period of Greece and Romans.
Answer:
If we look at the beginning of democracy in the whole world, it begin in the Greece and Roman republics. During ancient times, the cities of Greece had direct democracy, population of these states was quite less. The administrative decisions of the state were directly taken by the people. All the citizens of the state took part in the decision making process of making laws to solve economic, political and social problems, to pass annual budget of the state and to frame public policy.

But this democracy was a limited democracy because a large part of population of the state was of slaves. Slaves were not allowed to take part in the administrative functions of the state. Although the Roman Kings were elected by the people but they run the administration according to their will. Theoretically kings represented whole of the population but practically they run the administration according to their wish.

Question 4.
“Multinational Companies are posing a threat to democracy in the modern era.” Explain the statement.
Answer:
The present age is of globalisation and there has been an increased inter dependency between different countries. Many multinational companies have come forward which work and trade in different countries. But the question arises whether such companies are a threat to democracy?

Presently, most of the doveloping and under developed countries have adopted globalisation and open market policy. Under this policy, multinational companies are doing their business. The major motive of such companies is to earn more and more profit and consequently they continuely increase the price of their products. Such companies always try to exploit the people in one way or the other which is actually against the spirit of democracy.

Although our governments call themselves democratic but they are actually run by business sector. These multinational companies are completely controlled by business sector and they make government policies in ther favour. That’s why rich are becoming more rich and poor are becoming more poor. But this is actually exactly opposite to the spirit of democracy. In this way, such companies are a threat to democracy.

PSEB 9th Class Social Science Guide History, Development and Expansion of the Modem Democracy Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
Democracy exists :
(a) In 70 countries
(b) In Europe only
(c) In the majority countries of the world
(d) In the whole world.
Answer:
(c) In the majority countries of the world.

Question 2.
Who was the President of Chile, when his government was overthrown on 11 Sept. 1973?
(a) Salvador Allende
(b) Michelle Bachelet
(c) General Augusto Pinochet
(d) Lech Walesa.
Answer:
(a) Salvador Allende.

Question 3.
Military coup took place in Chile on :
(a) 11 September 1975
(b) 21 September 1976
(c) 11 September 1973
(d) 11 September 1974.
Answer:
(c) 11 September 1973.

Question 4.
Poland had its first election in :
(a) April 1989
(b) October 1990
(c) April 1990
(d) October 1992.
Answer:
(b) October 1990.

Question 5.
Who was elected the President of Poland in 1990?
(a) General Augusto Pinochet
(b) Salvador Allende
(c) Michelle Bachelet
(d) Lech Walesa.
Answer:
(d) Lech Walesa.

Question 6.
In which year referendum was held in Poland on Pinochet’s military dictatorship?
(a) 1995
(b) 1988
(c) 1992
(d) 1982.
Answer:
(b) 1988.

Question 7.
In 1980 in Poland which was the ruling party?
(a) Solidarity Party
(b) Polish Socialist Party
(c) Communist Party
(d) Polish United Workers’ Party.
Answer:
(d) Polish United Workers’ Party.

Question 8.
Which one of the following was the feature of Walesa government of Poland?.
(a) No interference in economic affairs
(b) Foreign intervention in domestic affairs
(c) Govt, .control on all big industries
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(a) No interference in economic affaris.

Question 9.
Which of the following was the feature of Allende government of Chile?
(a) Widespread corruption
(b) Free Market
(c) Govt, control on big industries
(d) Foreign Intervention in domestic affairs.
Answer:
(c) Govt, control on big industries.

Question 10.
Which of the following was the common feature of Allende government of Chile and Michelle’s Chile?
(а) Power was exercised by the military rulers
(б) Direct democracy
(c) Rule of few persons
(d) Power was exercised by government elected by the people.
Answer:
(d) Power was exercised by government elected by the people.

Question 11.
Which of the following is a feature of Democracy?
(a) Franchise based on Property qualification
(b) Frachise based on educational qualification
(c) Landlords are the voters
(d) Universal Adult Franchise.
Answer:
(d) Universal Adult Franchise.

Fill in the Blanks:

Question 1.
Democracy begin in ________ the ________ and republics.
Answer:
Greece, Roman

Question 2.
The system of running the local administration under the Chola rulers was known as ________
Answer:
Wariam

Question 3.
________ said that the democracy is a govt, of the people, for the people and by the people.
Answer:
Abraham Lincoln

Question 4.
A new country ________ was formed by dividing India in 1947.
Answer:
Pakistan

Question 5.
In Poland ________ was dismissed from the job in 1976 for demanding higher wages.
Answer:
Lech Walesa

Question 6.
In ________, Allende was elected as the President of Chile.
Answer:
1970

Question 7.
Universal Adult Frenchise was given in ________ with the implementation of its constitution.
Answer:
India.

True/False:

Question 1.
Iraq gained independence in 1932 from the American colonialism.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
The 52% voting rights of I.M.F. are with the 10 countries.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
America became the only superpower in 1991 with the disintegration of U.S.S.R.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
15 members of the security council hag the veto power.
Answer:
False

Question 5.
There were 100 primary members of the united nations.
Answer:
False

Question 6.
United Nations Organisation has 193 members.
Answer:
True

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
When the government of President Salvador Allende was over thrown and who was the leader of military coup?
Answer:
The government was overthrown by General Augusto Pinochet on 11 Sept. 1973.

Question 2.
Does army has the right to arrest any one?
Answer:
No, army does not have the right to arrest anyone.

Question 3.
When did General Pinochet in Chile conduct referendum?
Answer:
General Pinochet conducted referendum in 1990 in Chile.

Question 4.
When was political freedom restored in Chile?
Answer:
In 1990.

Question 5.
Which party ruled Poland in 1980?
Answer:
Polish United Workers party ruled Poland in 1980.

Question 6.
Was there any other political party in Poland except Polish United Workers party?
Answer:
No, as no other party was allowed in Poland.

Question 7.
Who was elected as the President of Chile in January 2006?
Answer:
Michelle Bachelet.

Question 8.
Which trade union did strike in Poland in 1988?
Answer:
Solidarity did strike in Poland in 1988.

Question 9.
Give one feature of a non-democratic government.
Answer:
Here government is not elected by the people.

Question 10.
In 19th century, democracy in which country was constantly changed and was re-established again?
Answer:
In France, there was a complete turmoil during whole of the 19th century.

Question 11.
Name the two countries where non-democratic governments still exist.
Answer:

North Korea
China.

Question 12.
Which form of government mostly prevails in most of the countries?
Answer:
Presently, most of the countries prefer democratic form of government.

Question 13.
Which country was disintegrated in 1991 and it formed 15 independent countries?
Answer:
In 1991, U.S.S.R. was disintegrated and there formed 15 independent nations.

Question 14.
In which Asian country, a democratically elected government was dismissed in 2005?
Answer:
In 2005, the new king of Nepal dismissed her democratic government.

Question 15.
When was United Nations Organisation established?
Answer:
On 24th October, 1945.

Question 16.
Write names of all the organs of the United Nations.
Answer:
General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, International Court of Justice and the Secreteriate.

Question 17.
Give one basic objective of the United Nations.
Answer:
United Nations was established on the theory of equality among nations.

Question 18.
Name the permanent members of the Security Council.
Answer:
USA, U.K., Russia, France and China.

Question 19.
How many members of the United Nations are there?
Answer:
United Nations has 193 members.

Question 20.
Who gives credit to the members of U.N. if any need arises?
Answer:
International Monetai’y Fund and the World Bank gives credit to the members of U.N. if any need arises.

Question 21.
Which organ of the United Nations have the real power?
Answer:
Security Council.

Question 22.
What is Referendum?
Answer:
Referendum is the process in which laws made by the parliament are kept in front of public to know their opinion. Law will be applicable only if it is approved by the public.

Question 23.
What do you mean by the coalition government?
Answer:
When many political parties come together to form the government, it is called the coalition government.

Question 24.
What do you mean by coup?
Answer:
When a government is illegally thrown out of power, it is called coup.

Question 25.
What is the meaning of strike?
Answer:
When workers stop working to get their demands met it is called strike.

Question 26.
What do you understand by Trade Union?
Answer:
Group or union of workers is called trade union. It works for the welfare of workers.

Question 27.
When did workers strike at Lenin shipyard in Poland ?
Answer:
They did strike on 14th August, 1980.

Question 28.
Why did workers of Lenin shipyard do strike?
Answer:
The workers of Lenin shipyard did strike for illegally removing a woman Crane worker.

Question 29.
Presently, which type of government is there in Nepal and Pakistan?
Answer:
Presently there are democratic governments in Nepal and Pakistan.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which political work you were not allowed to do during the regime of Polish Workers Union Party of 1980 which you can do in your country?
Answer:
In 1980, few political functions were not allowed in Poland:

In Poland, it was not allowed to start a political party as it was ruled by a single party.
People had no right to elect the leader of the communist party according to their wish.
People had no freedom to elect and criticise the government.
People had no freedom of speech and to express their views.

Question 2.
Do you think it is good to elect someone as the President for life? Or is it better to hold regular elections after every few years?
Answer:
It is not good to elect someone as the President for life. This is not democratic. Someone elected as the President for life become dictator and corrupt. The best example is of Ghana’s president N, Krumah. The elections of the President must be held after a regular interval of 4 or 5 years, so that people must elect their ruler freely at regular interval.

Question 3.
Do you think that the American invasion of Iraq encourages democracy? Give reasons in support of your answer.
Answer:

The American invasion of Iraq in no way encourages democracy.
No country has the right to interfere in the internal matters of other countries. Invasion cannot led to the establishment of democracy.
No external force can establish democracy in the other state for a longer period of time. People have to struggle themselves for the establishment of democracy.

Question 4.
Give four important features of democracy.
Answer:

People elect their rulers themselves.
Elections to elect the rulers are held after a fixed period of time.
Democracy gives us a chance to correct our mistakes.
People have the freedom of speech, to express their views and to form associations.

Question 5.
Write a short essay on the life of Aung San Suu Kyi.
Answer:
Myanmar (Burma) got freedom in 1948 and became a democratic country. But the democratic government was overthrown in 1962 and military rule was established. Elections were held in 1990. Aung San Suu Kyi was the national leader of Myanmar. Suu Kyi was the leader of National League for democracy. National League for democracy won the election under the leadership of Suu Kyi.

But military ruler instead of handing over the government to the elected leader, put all the leaders including Suu Kyi under house arrest. However Suu Kyi continued her campaign for democracy. According to her, “The quest for democracy in Myanmar is the struggle of the people to live whole, meaningful lives as free and equal members of the world community. She has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.”

Question 6.
“At the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, few countries were not completely democratic.” Give two reasons in its favour.
Answer:
On the following two basis we can say that at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of 20th century few countries *Were not completely democratic :

Females had no voting rights in the countries like Switzerland, England, France.
In the United States of America, Black people had no voting right.

Question 7.
How was democracy restored in Poland?
Answer:

In 1988, to keep power with himself, Chile’s military rulers conducted a referendum.
Democracy and the welfare works done by Allende were still fresh in the minds of the people. That’s why Pinochet lost the referendum.
In Chile, President’s elections were held after 17 years and an elected person became the President of the country.

Question 8.
Explain the process of establishment of democracy in Poland?
Answer:

In 1980, workers of Lenin Shipyard went on strike and the government was forced to sanction the strike.
Workers formed their union called solidarity.
Workers again conducted a strike again in 1988 which greatly pressurised the government.
Finally government decided to hold elections in which communist government was defeated and solidarity formed the government.

Question 9.
What do you know about solidarity?
Answer:

Solidarity was a worker’s organization formed by the workers of Poland.
This organization was formed after a treaty signed between the workers and government.
Within one year of its establishment, its members increased upto one crore.
In 1989, elections were held in Poland in which solidarity won 99 out of 100 seats. Its leader Lech Walesa formed the government.

Question 10.
What was the impact of the end of colonialism on the newly independent nations after the cold war?
Answer:

Newly independent countries had to face lot of problems in the establishment of their government and political institutions.
Most of the newly independent countries adopted the democratic form of government but democracy did not get a success in these countries.
In most of these countries, military rule was established and democracy came to an end.

Question 11.
What do you know about the decline of the U.S.S.R.?
Answer:

After 1917, a communist government was formed in Russia. Due to many of its policies, U.S.S.R. was disintegrated in 1991 and divided into 15 independent nations.
These newly independent countries adopted democratic system to remove communist system of government.
Most of these republics recognised and adopted the multi party system.
The impact of U.S.S.R. on the Eastern Europe completely came to an end.

Question 12.
Give some ways to establish a democratic set up at the international level.
Answer:

For the establishment of a democratic set up at the International level, there is a need to make international institutions more democratic.
People must be given political, social and economic rights so that they can live a happily life.
From time to time, independent and impartial elections must be conducted.
People must have the freedom of speech and expression.

Question 13.
Why did President Allende continually talk about the laborers? Why were rich people not happy with him?
Answer:
President Allende continuely talked about the interests of the labourers. He made many laws in the interests of labourers such as change in the educational system, distribution of land to peasants and providing free milk to children. For their welfare, he continuely to talk with the workers. Rich people were not happy with president Allende because they did not like his policies of public welfare.

Question 14.
Why did most of the countries gave right to vote quite late? Why did this not happen in India?
Answer:
Most of the countries gave females the right to vote quite late because they were not considered equal to males. In India, they took part in the freedom struggle along with males. During this time, many positive and democratic values came forward in India. In these values, females were considered equal to males. That’s why females got voting rights straight away with the formation of the constitution.

Question 15.
Why is direct democracy not possible in the present age?
Answer:
In modern times, direct democracy is not possible. Its reason is that the modern states are large in size and their population is in crores. It is not possible to adopt direct democracy in such countries. In a country like India, such a system is not possible because having a referendum is not an easy task and laws cannot be made by asking questions. It takes crores to conduct general elections in the country and it is a time-consuming process as well. That’s why it is not possible to implement the institution of direct democracy over here.

Question 16.
What do you mean by Adult Franchise?
Answer:
The meaning of universal Adult Franchise is the right to vote to the adult citizens of the country in an impartial and free manner. The age of achieving adulthood is fixed, by the state Initially this age was 21 years in England but later on they changed it to 18 years. This is also 18 years in the U.S.A. and Russia. In India also, initially, it was 21 years but by the 61 Constitutional Amendment, it was changed to 18 years.

Question 17.
Give two reasons in favour of Universal Adult Franchise.
Answer:

Power is in the hands of the people. In democracy, power is in the hands of the people and administration is run with the wish and welfare of the public. So, everyone should have the right to vote.
Everyone is under the effect of laws.’ Whichever laws are made in the state, they influence everyone equally. That’s why everyone should have the right to make laws.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
“Democracy has continually progressed during the 20th century.” Explain the statement.
Answer:
The present age is the age of democracy. Democracy in most countries has been evolved throughout the 20th century. There is no part of the world in which democracy has not been progressed.

Europe, Asia, Africa, South America everywhere democracy has been established.

Britain. It has been said that democracy in Britain was established with the Glorious Revolution in 1088. But actually, it was established in the 20th century. The adult franchise was implemented in England in 1928 A.D.
France. French revolution took place in 1789 A.D. but democracy was established gradually in phases. During the 18th and 19th centuries, gradually the powers of kings and Feudal Lords were reduced. A maximum number of people were given the right to vote. But the actual democratic setup was established in 1944 A.D. with the implementation of adult franchise.
The U.S.A. America declared itself independent in 1776 A.D. With the freedom of other states, the United States of America was formed. The Constitution in the U.S.A. come into force in 1787 and democracy was established. Adult franchise in the U.S.A. was established in 1965.
New Zealand. Adult franchise, in New Zealand, come into force in 1893.
End of Colonialism. After the second world war, many of the Asian and African countries gained freedom from British imperialism. India gained independence on 15th August 1947 and then democracy was established over here. In the same way, democracy was also established in Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Ghana.
The disintegration of U.S.S.R.. In 1991, the elsewhere USSR was disintegrated USSR was divided into 15 independent nations, and democracy was established over there.
Presently more, than 140. countries are democratic countries but many countries have military dictatorship or rule of one party.

Question 2.
What did Augusto Pinochet do after becoming the President of Chile?
Answer:
After becoming the president of Chile, Augusto Pinochet did many non-democratic functions :

Pinochet established his dictatorship in Chile.
He killed many of the supporters of Allende.
Pinochet arrested the wife and daughter of General Bachelet, Airforce chief, and send them to Jail.
He killed Airforce head General Bachelet and other officials.
He killed almost 3000 innocent persons.

PSEB 8th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 27 Parliament – Structure, Role and Importance

October 17, 2024October 16, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Social Science Book Solutions Civics Chapter 27 Parliament – Structure, Role and Importance Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB 8th Class Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 27 Parliament – Structure, Role and Importance

SST Guide for Class 8 PSEB Parliament – Structure, Role and Importance Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Fill in the Blanks :

Question 1.
The total number of members in the Lok Sabha is _________
Answer:
545

Question 2.
The total number of members in the Rajya Sabha is _________
Answer:
250

Question 3.
_________ members are elected for the Lok Sabha from Punjab.
Answer:
13

Question 4.
_________ years of age is necessary to become the President of India.
Answer:
35

Question 5.
Parliamental form of government is also known as _________ government.
Answer:
Democratic

Question 6.
The Finance Bill can only be presented in the _________
Answer:
Lok Sabha.

II. Put a tick against the Right (✓) and a cross against the wrong (✗) :

Question 1.
1/3rd of the members of the Rajya Sabha retire every two years.
Answer:
(✓)

Question 2.
There is a deep relationship between the executive and the judiciary in parliament Form of Government.
Answer:
(✓)

Question 3.
Prime Minister is National Head in a Parliamentary Form of Government.
Answer:
(✓)

Question 4.
The laws enacted by the Parliament are supreme.
Answer:
(✓)

III. Multiple Choice Questions :

Question 1.
How many members can be nominated for the Rajya Sabha by the President?
(A) 8
(B) 12
(C) 2
(D) 10.
Answer:
(B) 12.

Question 2.
How many members are elected for the Rajya Sabha from the Punjab?
(A) 11
(B) 13
(C) 7
(D) 2.
Answer:
(C) 7.

Question 3.
Who resolves the differences between both the Houses of Parliament?
(A) Speaker
(B) Prime Minister
(C) President
(D) Vice President.
Answer:
(C) President.

IV. Answer the following questions in not more than 15 words :

Question 1.
Write the word meaning of the Parliament.
Answer:
Word Parliament is an English word which has been taken from a French word ‘Parler’. Its meaning is to have conversation. In this way Parliament is an institution where people sit and communicate with each other to national and international issues.

Question 2.
Why is the government responsible to the’Parliament?
Answer:
Government is responsible towards Parliament for all of its functions and activities. Government can remain on its post until it has the m’ajority in the Parliament (legislative). If it looses the majority and comes in minority in Parliament then it has to resign immediately.

Question 3.
How is law formed in the Parliament?
Answer:
Simple bill can be introduced in any house of the Parliament. When this bill is passed by both the houses then it is sent to the President for his sanction on that bill. That bill becomes the law after the signature of the President.

Question 4.
How is the government formed after the Lok Sabha elections?
Answer:
Whichever political party wins majority in the elections of Lok Sabha, makes the government. If any single party is unable to win majority in the elections then coalition government comes into existence.

Question 5.
Write the main features of the Parliamentary government.
Answer:

Parliamentary government is considered as the supreme type of government.
Features of both responsibility and stability exist in the Parliamentary system.
Parliamentary government can be changed at any time. That’s why it cannot become despotic.
In actual sense, Democracy is established by the Parliamentary government.

Question 6.
What is meant by hung parliament?
Answer:
When single political party does not get a complete majority in the Lok Sabha elections, then the Hung parliament comes into being.

V. Answer the following questions in 50-60 words :

Question 1.
Why has only the parliamentary form of government been implemented in India?
Answer:
The parliamentary system in India was implemented due to following reasons :
1. Knowledge of people about the parliamentary system: Indian people are very much familiar with a parliamentary system. It is known as the best government. The constitutional government in India was established through the acts of 1861, 1892, 1919 and 1935.

2. Support by members of the Constituent assembly: Framers of the Indian Constitution also supported the parliamentary rule. The Chairman of Drafting Committee of the constitution, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar said that this system consists features of both responsibility and stability. That’s why it is the best type of government.

Question 2.
Discuss the role uf the President and the Prime Minister in a Parlimentary form of government.
Answer:
The President is the constitutional head of the country. But he is the head only by name. It cannot use his legal, executive and judicial powers by his will. Actually all of his powers are used by the Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers.

Role of the Prime Minister in Parliamentary system is very important. He is the actual head of the government. All the powers of government are used by the Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers. All the ministers run the government according to the policies of the Prime Minister.

Question 3.
Write the responsible factors for the fall of the position of Parliament.
Answer:

Indian Parliament passes up to 10 laws in a day without debate which, causes a serious threat to its credibility.
From 1989 till 2014, no party was able to get clear majority in the Lok Sabha which leads to advent of the coalition government. Such government cannot run properly.
Absence of members, decline of the committee system, rively amongst members are a few reasons for its decline.

Question 4.
Give necessary suggestions for the improvement of the position of parliament.
Answer:

First of all people must give clear mendate in favour of a single party in the Lok Sabha elections so that it can form a government of its own.
Committee system in the Parliament should be strengthened to enhance the credibility of the Parliament.
All the issues and bills must be debated in the Parliament so that people must come to know about their pros and cons.
Rivalry between members should be discouraged to increase the credibility of the Parliament.

Question 5.
Write the composition of Indian Parliament.
Answer:
There are two houses of Parliament : Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. Lok Sabha is known as Lower House and Rajya Sabha is known as Upper House. Members of Lok Sabha are directly elected through the process of Universal Adult Franchise. Its two members are nominated by the President. 238 members of Rajya Sabha out of 250 are elected by states and Union Territories. Rest of the 12 members are nominated by the President.

PSEB 8th Class Social Science Guide Parliament – Structure, Role and Importance Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions :

Question 1.
The Indian Parliament is :
(a) Unicameral
(b) Three Houses
(c) Bicameral
(d) Four Houses.
Answer:
(c) Bicameral.

Question 2.
The Lower House of the Indian Parliament is known as :
(a) Rajya Sabha
(b) Lok Sabha
(c) Legislative Assembly
(d) Council of States.
Answer:
(b) Lok Sabha.

Question 3.
The Upper House of the Indian Parliament is known as :
(a) Lok Sabha
(b) Rajya Sabha
(c) Council of Ministers
(d) Legislative Council
Answer:
(b) Rajya Sabha.

Question 4.
The tenure of the members of the Rajya Sabha is :
(a) 5 years
(b) 4 years
(c) 6 years
(d) 3 years.
Answer:
(c) 6 years.

Question 5.
The tenure of the Lok Sabha in normal time is :
(a) 6 years
(b) 5 years
(c) 4 years
(d) 3 years.
Answer:
(b) 5 years.

Question 6.
How many present members are there in Rajya Sabha?
(a) 545
(b) 552
(c) 541
(d) 550.
Answer:
(a) 545.

Question 7.
How many total members of Rajya Sabha are there?
(a) 235
(b) 245
(c) 250
(d) 255.
Answer:
(c) 250.

Question 8.
Who was the first President of India?
(a) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
(b) Jawahar Lai Nehru
(c) Mahatma Gandhi
(d) Sardar Patel.
Answer:
(a) Dr. Rajendra Prasad.

Question 9.
Who makes laws for the country?
(a) Lok Sabha
(b) Parliament
(c) Rajya Sabha
(d) State Assembly.
Answer:
(b) Parliament.

Question 10.
Kuldeep Kaur lives in Ludhiana. She has been married in Patiala. Now she want to get her vote prepared in Patiala. For this purpose, which officer she should meet?
(a) Bank Manager
(b) Head of the Police Station?
(c) B.L.O.
(d) Sarpanch.
Answer:
(c) B.L.O.

Question 11.
Yashvardhan got his new vote. He went to cast his vote with great excitement. His younger brother wants to know the name of the machine by which he casted his vote. Which of the following machines he will name :
(a) A.T.M.
(b) E.V.M.
(c) E.C.G.
(d) L.P.G.
Answer:
(b) E.V.M.

Fill In The Blanks :

Question 1.
Total members of Lok Sabha are _________
Answer:
552

Question 2.
Total members of Rajya Sabha are _________
Answer:
250

Question 3.
_________ members of Lok Sabha are elected from Punjab,
Answer:
13

Question 4.
Age of _________ years is must to get elected as the Indian President.
Answer:
35

Question 5.
Parliamentary government is also known as _________ government.
Answer:
responsible

Question 6.
Money Bill can only be introduced in Lok Sabha.
Answer:
Lok Sabha

Question 7.
Present members of Lok Sabha are _________
Answer:
545.

Tick the Right (✓) or Wrong (✗) Answer:

Question 1.
1/3rd members of Rajya Sabha retire after every 2 years.
Answer:
(✓)

Question 2.
There is a great relation of Legislature and Executive m Parliamentary form of Government.
Answer:
(✓)

Question 3.
In Parliamentary form of Government, Prime Minister is the nominal head.
Answer:
(✗)

Question 4.
Laws made by the Parliament are supreme.
Answer:
(✓)

Match the Following :

Question 1.

A	B
1. Legislature	(i) Lok Sabha
2. Lawmaking body in India	(ii) Rajya Sabha
3. House of People	(iii) Parliament
4. Permanent House	(iv) An organ of Government

Answer:

A	B
1. Legislature	(iv) An organ of Government
2. Lawmaking body in India	(iii) Parliament
3. House of People	(i) Lok Sabha
4. Permanent House	(ii) Rajya Sabha

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What type of Democratic administrative system exists in India?
Or
What is the feature of indirect democratic administrative system?
Answer:
Indirect democratic system is implemented in India. Government is run by the elected representatives of the people in this type of system. They are answerable to the public for the acts done by them.

Question 2.
How many members of Lok Sabha are elected from the Punjab?
Answer:
13 members of Lok Sabha are elected from the Punjab.

Question 3.
How can you say that Rajya Sabha is a permanent house?
Answer:
Rajya Sabha cannot be dissolved completely. One third of its members retire exactly after every two years and they are replaced by newly elected members. In this way this house remains active all the times.

Question 4.
Which three forms (parts) of government are there?
Answer:

Legislative
Executive and
Judiciary.

Question 5.
When did the President calls for joint session of both the houses of Parliament?
Answer:
Sometimes disagreement occurs in both the houses on any bill. In this case, President calls the joint session of both the houses so that disagreement could be removed.

Question 6.
How Parliament keeps control over the Government?
Answer:

By asking questions from the ministers
Non-confidence motion
Confidence motion
Adjournment motion.

Question 7.
What is the need of strengthening the Parliament?
Answer:
There is a need of strengthening the Parliament so that laws of better quality could be framed. There is also a need of strengthening the Parliament to strengthen the position of Parliament.

Question 8.
Consider that the Indian Government has passed a bill regarding railway. Who will sign it in the end to make this bill a law?
Answer:
The President.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the position of Prime Minister according to the Constitution? Why his position is dwingling in present time?
Answer:
The Position of Prime Minister is the most important in the country according to the Constitution. He is the leader of Lok Sabha and Council of Ministers. All the policies and laws of the country have been made according to the advice given by him. He selects all the ministers for his Council of Ministers. No minister can remain on his post against his wish. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar has equated his position with the President of U.S.A.

But at present time, single political party (BJP) has got majority in the elections of Lok Sabha. Before 2014 Hung Parliament was existed. During that time the Position of the Prime Minister was dwindling.

Question 2.
Who were Dr. Rajendra Prasad and Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru? What were their views about Strong Central Government?
Answer:
Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the first President of India and Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India. They both were great leaders.

Views of Dr. Rajendra Prasad. Dr. Rajendra Prasad was in favour of giving more powers to the post of the President. He wanted to strengthen the Centre because India got freedom after such a long time.

Views of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. Pandit Nehru was also in favour of strengthening the centre. He wanted to give more powers to Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers.

Question 3.
“Indian Parliament was a very strong institution at certain times. But now it is loosing its importance.” Clarify the statement.
Answer:
The Parliament is the supreme institution of making laws in the country. It was a very strong institution at the times of Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, Lai Bahadur Shastri and Indira Gandhi. But now it is loosing its importance day by day. Just within one day, it passes many bills. Members hardly communicate with each other on any bill. The method of giving actual form to law has been changed.

The given ahead factors are responsible for loosing importance of the Parliament :

Making of Hung Parliament.
Politics of Stubbornness.
Absence of members in the house.
Reducing number of meetings of house.
Weakening of committee system.
Doubt over the impartiality of the Speaker.

Question 4.
Write about the role of the President and the Prime Minister in Parliamentary system of government.
Answer:
Two types of executive are there in Parliamentary system—formal executive and the real executive. The President is the Constitutional head of country. He has been given the legal, executive and judicial powers. But it cannot use his powers with his wish because he is the formal head.

All of his powers are used by the Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers because they belong to real executive the Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers are appointed by the President. Generally the leader of the majority party in Lok Sabha is appointed as the Prime Minister. But present age is of coalition government and that’s why it is very important to take decision regarding appointment of the Prime Minister.

Question 5.
Write about the position of the Parliament.
Answer:
The Parliament in Parliamentary government is considered as the supreme institution.

Supreme laws for the country are made by Parliament.
The Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers are appointed out of the members of the Parliament.
Members of Parliament control the executive by asking questions and by non-confidence motion.
The Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers can remain on their posts while Parliament have faith in them or they have majority in the Parliament.
Members of Parliament take part in the election of the President.

Question 6.
Explain the position of the Parliament.
Answer:
The Parliament in a Parliamentary system is the supreme. Executive (government) is responsible towards the Parliament for its functions and activities. The Parliament controls the government in different ways like—asking questions to ministers, zero hour, no-confidence motion, adjournment motion, etc.

Question 7.
Write ahout meaning and composition of Parliament.
Answer:
The word ‘Parliament’ is an English word. This English word has been taken from a French word ‘Parler’ whose meaning is to have conversation. In this way Parliament is that institution where people sit and communicate with each other on national and international issues.

Establishment. There are two houses of Parliament—Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
1. Lok Sabha. Lok Sabha is the house of the people. It is known as the lower house. At present, 545 members of Lok Sabha are there. Out of these, 543 members are directly elected by all the adults of the country. Rest of the members are nominated by the President. Seats for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are reserved in Lok Sabha. It is a temporary house which can be dissolved by the President, according to the Constitution.

2. Rajya Sabha. Members of Rajya Sabha are elected by elected members of Legislative Assemblies of states and union territories. It has a total of 250 members out of which 238 members are elected by states and union territories. Rest of the 12 members are nominated by the President. Rajya Sabha is a permanent house. It cannot be dissolved completely. But one third of the total members of Rajya Sabha retires after every two years. New members are elected after their retirement.

Question 8.
Write important points about Parliamentary System of government.
Answer:

There is a lot of difference in actual executive and formal executive in it.
Executive and legislative are greatly related in it.
Executive is responsible towards legislative.
Government runs under the leadership of Prime Minister.
Term of executive is indefinite.
Opposition party is legally sanctioned.

Question 9.
Write meaning and composition of the executive and legislative assembly.
Answer:
Meaning. Legislature and executive are two parts of Parliamentary government. Legislative is that part of government which makes the law. Function of executive is to implement the laws made by the legislative.

Organization. There are two houses of Legislative—Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. Lok Sabha is known as Lower House and it is a temporary house. Contrary to it Rajya Sabha is known as Upper House and it is a permanent house. There are 545 members of Lok Sabha and the members of Rajya Sabha are 250.

The President, Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers are included in executive. The President is the head of executive only by name but actual excutive is Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers.

All the powers of the President are used by Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers. They are appointed from the legislature. The President is elected indirectly.

Question 10.
Explain the role of the Parliament in the making of laws.
Answer:
The Parliament is the supreme institution of making laws in our country. Laws made by it are supreme. It makes laws of both-general and related to the money of the country. A simple bill is introduced in any house of the Parliament. Bill is passed by both the houses. For this, the bill has to go through many stages. The passed bill is being sent to the President for his approval. That bill becomes law after the approval of the President.

PSEB 10th Class SST Solutions Civics Chapter 4 Indian Democracy at Work

October 17, 2024October 16, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Social Science Book Solutions Civics Chapter 4 Indian Democracy at Work Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 4 Indian Democracy at Work

SST Guide for Class 10 PSEB Indian Democracy at Work Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 1.
What do you understand by democracy?
Answer:
According to Lincoln, “Democracy is the government of the people, for the people and by the people.” In other words, democracy means that form of government in which people rule themselves either directly or indirectly.

Question 2.
Explain Etymological meaning of democracy.
Answer:
The word ‘Democracy’ has been derived from two Greek words, ‘Demos’ and ‘Kratos’. Demo means “The people’ and Kratos means ‘The power’. Democracy, in this way, is a form of government in which the ruling power is vested in the hands of the people.

Question 3.
Describe the one main condition for the success of democracy.
Answer:
Main condition necessary for the success of democracy is :

Educated and good citizens.
Free and impartial press and judiciary.
Well-organised political parties.
Co-operation and toleration among the citizens. (Any. one)

Question 4.
How many types of election systems are there in the world?
Answer:
There are two types of methods of elections: (i) Direct election (ii) Indirect election. In the direct election, the citizens themselves elect the members of the Legislature. In the indirect election, the representatives of the citizens elect the members of the Legislature.

Question 5.
What do you mean by public opinion?
Answer:
Public opinion means the opinion of people on a’particular matter of public interest. People’s voice is the voice of God. A government that ignores the public opinion cannot be stable.

Question 6.
When and under whom the Indian National Congress was formed?
Answer:
The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885. It was founded by an English officer named Mr. AO. Hume. Its first session was presided over by Mr. Womesh Chandra Banerji (W.C. Banerji).

Question 7.
When and under whom the Shiromani Akali Dal was formed?
Answer:
The Shiromani Akali Dal was established in 1920 A.D. to bring about reforms in the Sikh Gurudwaras. It was formed under the twin leadership of Master Tara Singh and Sardar Kharak Singh.

Question 8.
Why is India a Secular State?
Answer:
India is a Secular State because India has no state religion.

Question 9.
Describe the ideological base of Shiromani Akali Dal.
Answer:

To bring about the reforms in the Gurudwaras and their management.
To maintain belief among the Sikhs that their Panth is independent.
To end poverty and hunger.
To make economic set-up more just.

Question 10.
Write a brief note on National Political Parties of India.
Answer:
There are seven National Political Parties—Indian National Congress, Bhartiya Janata Party, Communist Party of India, Marxist Communist Party of India, Bahujan Smaj Party, National Congress Party, Trinmool Congress Party.

Question 11.
Explain ideology of Indian National Congress.
Answer:

Promotion of Secularism and Socialism
Non-alignment
Reforms in industrial field
Modernisation of agriculture.

Question 12.
Describe the ideological base of the Bhartiya Janata Party.
Answer:

The party has pledged itself to defend the unity and integrity of India.
The party stands? for positive Secularism.

Question 13.
Explain the ideology of the Communist Party of India (Marxist).
Answer:
This party believes in the ideology of Karl Marx and Lenin. Its aims is to uplift the working class and make it the ruling class.

II. Answer the following questions in short:

Question 1.
Describe the main features of Indian Democracy.
Answer:
Following are the main important features of the Indian democracy :

The Indian Constitution provides for a democratic set-up in the country. Its preamble describes the importance of democracy.
The Indian Constitution grants Right to Equality to all citizens. This right is similar to the principle of democratic equality.
Freedom is the main principle of democracy. The Indian Constitution grants Right to Freedom to all the citizens of India.
The Preamble of the Indian Constitution lays stress on promoting fraternity among all citizens.
The Indian Constitution provides for adult franchise in India which is the soul of democracy.
The Constitution also provides for joint electoral system which ensures equality to the people of all castes, religions and races.
Political rights are the demands of democracy. The Indian Constitution grants political rights to all Indians without any kind of discrimination.
Independence of Judiciary, Secularism and Republican system have strengthened the foundations of democracy.

Question 2.
Explain briefly the electoral process in India.
Answer:
In India election procedure is as follows :

Constituencies. The first important task in the process of election is the delimitation of the constituencies.
Election Notification. The process of election begins with the notification of election. For the elections of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, notification is issued by the President.
Filing of the Nomination Papers. The Election Commission fixes a last date for filing the nomination papers.
Scrutiny of Nomination Papers. On the fixed date, nomination papers are scrutinised by the. Returning Officer and the names of the eligible candidates are announced.
Election Campaign. With the announcement of election, political parties and independent candidates start election propaganda and try to influence the voters.
Polling. On the day of the polling, holiday is declared so that each voter can cast his vote.
Counting of votes and declaration of result. On the fixed date, EVMs are opened in the presence of the representatives of the candidates and votes are counted. A candidate getting the highest number of votes is declared elected. Every candidate is expected to submit the details of his expenses in the election, within 45 days after the election is over.

Question 3.
Name the main means of formation and expression of the Public Opinion.
Answer:
The main means of formation and expression of the public opinion are given below :

Public Meetings. Public meetings stimulate and create public interest in great political, social and economic questions through speeches delivered by men in the domain of public life.
Educational Institutions. It is in the schools, colleges and universities that the life of the would be citizens is moulded.
Role of Newspapers. Newspaper is a very important source of formulating public opinion.
Television. Television moulds public opinion by broadcasting news and comments. It makes the people politically conscious.
Press. Public opinion is formed by newspapers, by presenting news and views on matters of public importance of national and international character.
Political Parties. Political parties help to create public interest without which there can be no public opinion.

Question 4.
Describe the role and importance of Public Opinion.
Answer:
The role of the public opinion in democracy is very important. Public welfare is the basis of public opinion. It always reminds the government of its duties. The fact is that public opinion is the soul of democracy. The source of power of a democratic government is public opinion. The public opinion is the foundation which makes a government stable. The Government always tries its best to mould the public opinion in its favour. The Government implements its policies keeping in view the will and directions of the public opinion. The Government, which ignores the public opinion, becomes dictatorial and puts democracy into danger. Such a government loses the confidence of the people. As a result, it faces a defeat in the elections. That is why the Government tries not to go against the public opinion.

Write a short note on the following :

Question 1.
Main objectives of Shiromani Akali Dal.
Answer:
1. Main objectives of Shiromani Akali Dal. (Pb. 2016 I) The Shiromani Akali Dal was founded in 1920. A constitution of the party was approved in the meeting of its executive on September 2, 1974. According to it, the following are the objectives of the Akali Dal:

To bring about reforms in the Gurudwaras and look after them properly.
To maintain belief among the Sikhs that their Panth is independent.
To end poverty and hunger. To make economic set up more just and to reduce economic inequality between the rich and the poor.
To put an end to illiteracy, untouchability and discrimination.
To make arrangements for public health and security.

Question 2.
Emergence/Formation of Bhartiya Janata Party.
Answer:
Emergence/Formation of Bhartiya Janata Party.
The Bhartiya Janata Party was organised on April 6, 1980. Today, this party is very active in Indian politics.

Following is the description of its policies and programmes :

The B.J.P. believes that centre-state relations should be improved and it favours the implementation of the main recommendations of the Sarkaria Commission.
For free and fair elections, the B.J.P. will update and adopt the Goswami Committee Report.
The B. J.P. will appoint a Lok Pal to entertain complaints of corruption against anybody holding public office including the Prime Minister.
For better Local self-government at the village level, the B. J.P. will make changes in the Constitution and further strengthen the Panchayati Raj system.
The B.J.P. will set up regional councils for Kashmir, Jammu and Laddakh.
The B.J.P. will set up a National Security Council.

Question 3.
Foreign Policy of Indian National Congress.
Answer:
Foreign Policy of Indian National Congress. The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885. Even today this party is very active in Indian politics.

Following is the description of the policies and programmes of this party :

Firm faith in secularism and democracy.
To promote socialism along with economic liberalism.
To give the status of industry to agriculture. To grant loans to the farmers at low rates of interest.
To exempt the industry from licence system and end “the inspector Raj”. To encourage foreign investment.
To provide jobs to the unemployed. To improve the economic condition of the working class, to give financial aid to the backward and weak classes to raise their standard of living.
To improve the condition of the minorities and the women.
To frame foreign policy based on Non-alignment.

Question 4.
Formation of Communist Party of India.
Answer:
Formation of Communist Party of India. In the beginning of the 20th century, a group of redical youth within Indian National Congress was not satisfied with its policies. Russian Revolution inspired under the leadership of inspired Indian Youth for attaining independence through revolution. These disgruntled youth formed many Marxist organisations and assembled at Kanpur 1924 under the leadership of Manvinder Nath Rai. this led to the formation of the Communist Party of India.

Question 5.
Role of the Opposition.
Answer:
Role of the Opposition. (Pb. 2003 D) In a democratic country like India opposition performs many functions and the most important ones are as follow:

Criticism of the Government. One of the most important functions of the opposition is to criticise the Government. The opposition points out the drawbacks in the laws, policies, plans and programmes of the government.
Suggestions to Government. The opposition not only criticises the policies of the Government but also gives suggestions and proposals to remove its drawbacks.
Alternative Programmes. The opposition provides drafts of alternative laws, policies, plans and programmes to ensure the social, economic and cultural welfare of the people.
The opposition plays an important role in the working of democratic set-up. It makes democracy real and effective. It exposes the lapses of the government before the people.
The opposition parties safeguard the interests and liberties of the people by checking the despotism of the government.
The opposition provides a ready alternative government.

Question 6.
Essential condition for the success of Indian Democracy.
Answer:
An essential condition for the success of Indian Democracy.

A democratic society is necessary for the success of a democracy or democratic country in which there must be political equality.
There has to be earth presence of equal and open thinking in society and it is very much necessary for the success of democracy.
Economic equality must be provided. It means that everyone should be provided equal opportunities for development. It is a guarantee of the success of democracy.
Educated citizens must be there. Democracy is a system that involves a continues and active movement of the people in the political process. That’s why it is essential that literary should be widespread.

Question 7.
Main Principles of Indian Democracy.
Answer:
Main Principles of Indian Democracy;
Following are the main important. features of the Indian democracy:

The Indian Constitution provides for a democratic set-up in the country. Its preamble describes the importance of democracy.
The Indian Constitution grants Right to Equality to all citizens. This right is similar t.o the principle of democratic equality.
Freedom is the main principle of democracy. The Indian Constitution grants Right to Freedom to all the citizens of india.
The Preamble of the Indian Constitution lays stress on promoting fraternity among all citizens.
The Indian Constitution provides for adult franchise in India which is the soul of democracy.
The Constitution also provides, for joint electoral system which ensures equality to the people of all castes, religions and races.
Political rights are the demands of democracy. The Indian Constitution grants political rights to nil Indians without any kind of discrimination.
Independence of Judiciary, Secularism and Republican system have strengthened the foundations of democracy.

Question 8.
Indian Democracy at work.
Answer:
Indian Democracy at work. Indian democracy is working quite successfully. India is having indirect democracy in which decisions are taken by the elected representatives of the people. Democracy is completely dependent upon elections and free and fair elections are held India by an independent Election Commission. All the political parties are free to work in society to create public opinion in their favour. Many political parties exist in India which give great contribution in making Indian democracy a great success. So, we can say that Indian democracy is successfully working.

PSEB 10th Class Social Science Guide Indian Democracy at Work Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions in one line or one word :

Question 1.
Why are modern democracies indirect or representative?
Answer:
Because modern states are large in size, having a large area with huge population.

Question 2.
What is an election manifesto?
Answer:
It is a document which tells the programme, principles, objectives and promises of a party or a candidate.

Question 3.
Why are election symbols allotted to political parties in India?
Answer:
To facilitate uneducated voters to instantly recognise the party of their choice.

Question 4.
What is the meaning of Secret Ballot?
Answer:
The Secret Ballot system means the casting of vote by a voter remains a secret process.

Question 5.
How are the representatives of people kept under check in democracy?
Answer:
The representatives who do not work well can be removed through election.

Question 6.
What is meant by ‘Rule of Law’?
Answer:
By Rule of Law we mean that the government rules according to the law of the land.

Question 7.
What is the meaning of Communalism?
Answer:
Communalism is an ideology which emphasizes the separate identity of a religious group in relation to other groups.

Question 8.
What is the importance of democracy in the modern age?
Answer:
The people get all opportunities of making progress only in a democracy.

Question 9.
Describe any one obstacle in the way of public opinion.
Answer:
Illiteracy. An illiterate person cannot form a sound.public opinion.

Question 10.
How does cinema express the public opinion?
Answer:
Films throw light on the failures and achievements of the government.

Question 11.
Give any one point showing the importance of political parties.
Answer:
A political party, after winning the elections, comes to power and forms the government.

Question 12.
How are the ideas of democracy and citizenship interlinked with each other?
Answer:
The success of democracy depends on enlightened, honest and vigilant citizens.

Question 13.
Write any one essential condition for the free expression of public opinion.
Answer:
Press and other means of communication should be free and impartial.

Question 14.
Name any one agency through which public opinion is usually expressed.
Answer:
Newspapers or the Press.

Question 15.
After coming to power, the government cannot ignore the public opinion. Why?
Answer:
It is pushed out of power in the next elections.

Question 16.
What is meant by Adult Franchise?
Answer:
The adult franchise means the right of voting is granted to all the adults.

Question 17.
What is the importance of free and impartial elections in democracy?
Answer:
The people elect the representatives of their own choice.

Question 18.
What is an election process?
Answer:
The process by which the citizens cast their votes and elect their representatives.

Question 19.
What do you mean by the Universal Adult Franchise?
Answer:
The right of voting granted to ail the adults

Question 20.
Mention one feature of an election manifesto.
Answer:
It tells the voters about the policies, of the political parties.

Question 21.
Describe any one technique of an election campaign.
Answer:
Political parties arrange public meetings and processions to win over the voters in their favour.

Question 22.
Mention three functions of the Election Commission.
Answer:

Conducting the elections
Counting of votes
Declaring the results of elections.

Question 23.
What is a political party?
Answer:
It is group of citizens having common views on public questions and is organised as a political unit to obtain control of the government.

Question 24.
What do you understand by single-party system?
Answer:
A single party system is that system where only one party functions in the whole of the state.

Question 25.
What do you understand by two party system?
Answer:
Where there are two major political parties in a country.

Question 26.
What do you understand by Multi-Party system?
Answer:
When there are more than two well-organised political parties in a country.

Question 27.
What is a regional party?
Answer:
A party that is organised in a particular region or a state is called a regional party.

Question 28.
Mention any one difference between a regional party and a national party.
Answer:
A national party has influence all over the country whereas the influence of a regional party is limited to a particular region or a state.

Question 29.
Describe any one function of the opposition party in a democracy.
Answer:
It points out the faults of the government.

Question 30.
What do you mean by proportional representation?
Answer:
It is an electoral device designed to ensure representation of all sections of public opinion in proportion to their voting strength.

Question 31.
What is meant by election symbol?
Answer:
In elections, a special symbol is allotted to every candidate. It is called an election symbol.

Question 32.
What do you mean by simple majority system?
Answer:
A candidate who secures the highest number of votes against his rivals is declared elected.

Question 33.
What kind of Democratic Government is in India? (Pb. 2002A)
Answer:
Parliamentary form of government.

Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
Democracy is of two types direct and _________
Answer:
indirect

Question 2.
_________ is a key for the success of democracy.
Answer:
Enlightened citizens

Question 3.
India has a _________ government.
Answer:
democratic

Question 4.
Equality and liberty are the basic principles of _________
Answer:
democracy

Question 5.
In India all adult citizens who have attained the age of _________ have been given right to vote.
Answer:
18

Question 6.
An important pillar of Indian democracy is an independent _________
Answer:
judiciary

Question 7.
Political fights are heart and soul of _________
Answer:
democracy

Question 8.
Public meetings are important means for formation of _________
Answer:
public opinion

Question 9.
Indian National Congress was established in _________
Answer:
1885

Question 10.
Bhartiya Janata Party was established in _________
Answer:
1980.

Choose the correct answer :

Question 1.
Which of these is not a good reason to say that Indian elections are democratic?
(a) India has the largest number of voters in the world.
(b) India’s Election Commission is very powerful.
(c) In India, everyone above the age of 18 has a right to vote.
(d) In India the losing parties accept the verdict.
Answer:
(a) India has the largest number of voters in the world.

Question 2.
The Communist Party of India was formally founded in the year :
(a) 1924
(b) 1885
(c) 1925
(d) 1906.
Answer:
(a) 1924

Question 3.
Bharatiya Janata Party was founded in :
(a) 1952
(b) 1977
(c) 1980
(d) 1984.
Answer:
(c) 1980

Question 4.
Which of the following is a National Party?
(a) Akali Dal
(b) Janata Party
(c) National Conference
(d) Indian National Congress.
Answer:
(d) Indian National Congress.

Question 5.
The Chief Election Commissioner is appointed by :
(a) Parliament
(b) President
(c) Prime Minister
(d) Governor.
Answer:
(b) President

Question 6.
Which of the following is a regional political party?
(а) Shiromani Akali Dal
(b) National Democratic Alliance
(c) Communist Party of India
(d) Indian National Congress.
Answer:
(а) Shiromani Akali Dal

Question 7.
Which of the following is responsible for conducting free and fair elections?
(a) Parliament
(b) Election Commission
(c) President
(d) Speaker.
Answer:
(b) Election Commission

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by democracy in modern times?
Answer:
Modem age is an age of democracy. By democracy we mean the government in which the supreme power of the state is vested in the people. The people directly or indirectly take part in the administrative affairs of the state. The representatives of people make and implement laws keeping in view the welfare of the people. The public can unseat a representative in case he does not work upto their expectations. In fact, democracy is a government of the people, for the people and by the people.

Question 2.
What do you mean by the principle of Political Equality?
Answer:
By political equality, we mean that all the people should enjoy equal democratic rights. According to this principle, we must not classify the citizens under different categories. So it is clear that political equality means equality before law. All the citizens should hold their positions according to their capability and efficiency. There should be no discrimination on the-basis of caste, colour and creed.

Question 3.
Differentiate between direct and indirect democracy.
Answer:
Democracy can be classified into two categories :

Direct Democracy.
Indirect Democracy.

1. Direct Democracy. In direct democracy, all the citizens of the state directly participate in the administrative affairs of the state. Every citizen takes part in the making and implementation of laws and levying taxes, in deciding the policy of the government and all other important affairs of the state. Even the representatives could be asked to resign if they did not work to their satisfaction.

2. Indirect Democracy. Under indirect democracy, the citizens do not take direct part in the state affairs. They, on the other hand, elect their representatives who run the government on their behalf.

Question 4.
How is the public opinion formed? How can it be expressed?
Answer:
It is the age of democracy and public opinion is the backbone of democracy. A strong public opinion is not formed by itself. Political parties, rulers, leaders, press etc. contribute to its formation.

The following means are used in the formation and expression of public opinion :

The political leaders put their views before the. people in public meetings and assemblies. They explain the policy of their party. Thus people come to know about the various problems and their solutions. This helps in the formation and expression of public opinion.
The press is the main instrument of formation and expression of public opinion. Through the press, the people can express their opinions freely.
The radio, television, literature, cinema, educational institutions and religious institutions all help in the formation and expression of public opinion.

Question 5.
Explain the hurdles in the way of democracy.
Answer:
Democracy for its successful working demands awakened citizens, high calibers, good character leaders with a sense of responsibility and keen interest in the success of democracy. Social conditions are political and economic equality; co-operative and tolerant citizens, well organised political parties, independent judiciary and free press. Absence of these essential conditions is the main hurdle in the way of democracy.

Question 6.
How can obstacles in the way of democracy be removed? Give any two remedies.
Answer:
The obstacles in the way of democracy can be removed in the following two ways :

Spread of Education. Only educated and able citizens can make democracy successful. So education should be wide-spread. All citizens should be educated. Primary education should be made free and compulsory.
Free and Honest Press. A sound public opinion is the backbone of democracy. Press (newspapers) is an effective instrument of public opinion. So it is very necessary to have an honest and free press for the success of democracy. The press should not be controlled either by the government or big industrialists.

Question 7.
Why are modern democracies indirect?
Answer:
Modern states are very large. The number of citizens runs into crores. It is not possible for them to run the government of a country directly. They cannot even assemble at one place. Moreover, we need an organised body, and not a crowd for running the government. The voters elect their representatives to the legislatures or other offices. The number of elected representatives is not very large. This can run the government smoothly and efficiently. That is why, modern democracies are indirect.

Question 8.
What is the importance of Representation in Democracy?
Answer:
In the modern age, democratic governments are representative governments. It means all depends upon the representation. Modern states have grown in size and population, making it impossible for the people to participate in the affairs of the state. Thus, the system of representation helps them in electing their representatives to run the government. Moreover, the government can know the views of the people and their difficulties and this helps the government in framing right policies to run the administration. Thus the government functions according to the will of the people through their representatives. Thus we see that representation in democracy has great importance.

Question 9.
What is meant, by the responsible government?
Answer:
By responsible government, we mean the governments which were established after the revolutions in England and France. These governments could not be despotic. They had to function according to the law of the land. They were quite different from the democratic governments of today. In modern democratic age, all adults have the right to vote. The government is directly responsible to the legislature and indirectly to the people. But at that time, all the people did not participate in the elections of responsible governments. Such governments were elected by a small number of people.

Question 10.
What is an election manifesto? What are its benefits?
Answer:
An election manifesto is a document which tells the voters about the programme, principles, objectives and promises for which the party stands. An election manifesto is an important document of a political party.

It has the following benefits :

The people judge the political parties by their election manifestoes.
The people are able to form opinion about the aims and objects of the political parties and exercise their franchise accordingly.
The voters are able to know the differences between the different political parties through the election manifestoes.
The political party which comesout successful at the polls tries to implement the programmes published in its election manifesto. If it does not do so, the people can put pressure on it to act according to its manifesto.

Question 11.
Explain simple majority system.
Answer:
In simple majority system, the candidate who secures the highest number of votes against his rival/rivals is declared elected. In this system, the elected candidate may or may not get the majority of votes. According to democratic rules, a candidate must be a representative of majority (more than 50%) votes. But sometimes an elected candidate gets less than 50% votes but is still declared elected. Such a candidate cannot be called a real representative of the people. Sometimes a political party getting majority votes sits in opposition in the Legislature and the other party representing minority votes comes to power.

Question 12.
What is the importance of adult franchise?
Answer:
The universal adult franchise means the right of voting granted to every adult— male or female, without any discrimination. A person above a certain age is called an adult. In India a person of 18 years is an adult. In India every person above 18 years enjoys the right to vote. This right is given to every man and woman without distinction of caste, religion, property or education. In a democracy, people rule themselves or the government is run through their chosen representatives. So universal adult franchise becomes very important. It provides an opportunity to the largest number of people to take part in the functioning of the government.

Question 13.
What is the importance of election campaign?
Answer:
Election campaign has great importance in democracy. Through election campaign, people come to know; the different problems of the country. Political parties try to mould the public opinion in their favour. The opposition parties tell the people about their policies and programmes. They throw light on the wrong policies of the government. They promise that after coming to power, they will do everything for the welfare of the public. Similarly, the ruling party presents before the public its achievements and further plans. All these points make it clear that election campaign has great importance.

Question 14.
Does the electorate have real control over its representatives?
Answer:
In a democracy, people elect their representatives. The electorate has real control over their representatives. The representatives have fear in their minds that the electorate will turn against them and push them out of power if they do nothing for the welfare of the electorate. It is thus clear the electorate has control over their representatives. In some countries, the electorate is entitled to recall their representatives if they do not work upto its expectations.

Question 15.
Why have the political parties so much importance in democracy?
Answer:
Political parties have a special role in democracy. They perform the following functions :

Political parties set their programmes. During elections they prepare their manifestoes and present them before the people. Through them, people come to know the national problems and then form their own opinions.
Political parties help in the formulation of the public opinion.
They contest elections.
The party that secures a majority in the election, forms the government.
The party with minority membership forms the opposition.
The political parties give political education and training to the people.

Question 16.
What is the importance of elections in democracy? What role do political parties play in elections?
Answer:
Elections are very important in a democracy :

Through the elections, the people choose their representatives to the legislature central or state.
The elections give stability to the government.
People control the government through elections and stop it from becoming despotic.
People change their governments through the elections.

Political parties play a very important role in the elections :

They put political problems before the people.
They suggest to the people various ways of solving these problems.
They give political education to the people;
They make people aware of their rights.

Question 17.
Mention the defects of the ‘simple majority’ election system.
Answer:
The representative are generally elected by simple majority. In this system, the candidate who secures the highest number of votes against his rivals is declared elected.

There are many defects in this system:

The elected representative is not always the choice of the majority. He is generally elected by a minority,
The majority party in the legislature represents only minority votes,
All parties do not get representation according to the number of their votes,
A large number of votes go waste. They do not elect any representative at all.

Question 18.
What is the importance of Secret Ballot System?
Answer:
The Secret Ballot System has great importance in the election process. The following points make it clear :

The system of Secret Ballot ensures just and impartial election.
The voters are free from outside pulls and pressures in casting their votes.
No outside force or fear can influence the voter to cast his vote under the system of Secret Ballot.
This system brings the desired result without creating any ill-feeling.

Question 19.
What is the importance of the opposition in democracy?
Or
What are the functions of an opposition party?
Answer:
In a democracy, an opposition party is a great blessing for the people. It has an important role to play :

A strong opposition does not allow the government to become despotic. It points out the faults of the government.
It brings the people’s grievances to the notice of the government.
It brings to the notice of the people the wrong deeds of the government.
It provides alternative government to the country.

Question 20.
What are the advantages of the two-party system (bi-party system)?
Answer:
The two-party system or the bi-party system is the best type of party system. It helps in the smooth functioning of a democratic government.

This system has the following advantages :

Both the parties have clear manifestoes, programmes and policies. The electors are able to make up their mind in the exercise of their franchise much before the date of the election.
It also provides stability to the government. The party which gets the absolute majority, forms the government. The other party acts as an opposition party.
Under the two-party system, the government is able to implement long-term measures of reforms and development.
The opposition party keeps the government alert. It exposes the acts of omission .and commission of the government.

PSEB 8th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 26 Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties

October 17, 2024October 16, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Social Science Book Solutions Civics Chapter 26 Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 26 Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties

SST Guide for Class 8 PSEB Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Fill in the Blanks :

Question 1.
_______ Fundamental Rights has been included in the Constitution of India.
Answer:
six

Question 2.
The Fundamental Rights are included in Article of the Constitution of India.
Answer:
14-32

Question 3.
Article 25 of Constitution prohibits _______
Answer:
discrimination

Question 4.
The first fundamental right is _______
Answer:
Right to Equality

Question 5.
Freedom of Press has been given under _______
Answer:
Right to Freedom.

II. Put a tick against the Right (✓) and a cross against the wrong (✗):

Question 1.
We all are equal before the Constitution.
Answer:
(✓)

Question 2.
There is no relation between Right and the Duty.
Answer:
(✗)

Question 3.
Judiciary is the defender of the fundamental rights.
Answer:
(✓)

Question 4.
Right to education is a fundamental right.
Answer:
(✓)

Question 5.
Admission can be denied in a government institution on the basis of Religion, Caste and Colour.
Answer:
(✗)

III. Multiple Choice Questions :

Question 1.
From which class is the right to free and compulsory Education Implemented.
(A) Fifth
(B) Eight
(C) Tenth
(D) Eleventh.
Answer:
(A) Fifth.

Question 2.
Under which right to the selling of man prohibited.
(A) Right to provision of Constitution
(B) Right to Equality
(C) Right against Exploitation
(D) None of the above.
Answer:
(C) Right against exploitation.

Question 3.
Since when is the Right to Education has been implemented in India.
(A) August 4, 2009
(B) December, 2002
(C) 1st April, 2010
(D) 1st April, 2009.
Answer:
(C) 1st April; 2010.

Question 4.
Under which Article of the Constitution does the Right to Education fall 0?
(A) Article 21
(B) Article 21-A
(C) Article 20
(D) None of the Above.
Answer:
(B) Article 21-A.

IV. Answer the following questions in not more than 15 words :

Question 1.
What is meant by rights?
Answer:
Rights are the facilities given to us by society. In simple words, rights are those conditions of social life which are necessary for all-round development of an individual. Rights are sanctioned by state and society.

Question 2.
Write the meaning of Primary Right.
Answer:
Primary rights are the rights which are required by all the citizens of a country to live a happy and better life. There are very much necessary for all round development of an individual.

Question 3.
Write two duties connected with any two rights.
Answer:

To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture. Cultural and educational right.
To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.

Question 4.
What is meant by the Right to the Provision of the Constitution?
Or
What is meant by right against Exploitation?
Answer:
This right says that if any one, even government, tries to take away one’s fundamental rights then he can approach the court to take back his right. In this case court will direct the authorities to guarantee his rights.

Question 5.
By which rule has the untouchability been done away with?
Answer:
Untouchability has been done away with Article 17 of the Constitution.

V. Answer the following questions in 50-60 words :

Question 1.
Write a short note on the Right to Education.
Answer:
Right to Education has been given to all the citizens. An Article 21A has been added in the Fundamental rights. Now every child has been given the right to get free and compulsory education between the age group of 6 to 14. An act was passed by the Indian Parliament in 2009 to provide free and compulsory education for the children in the age group of 6-14 years. This law is implemented in 2010.

Question 2.
Why fundamental rights are included in the Constitution?
Answer:
Some rights are necessary for the physical, mental, moral and cultural development of the person. All-round development of the person is not possible without these. They are known as Fundamental Rights. These rights are included in the Constitution to give guarantee of these rights of the citizens. Not only this but these rights are given the security through the Right of Constitutional Remedies. If state or any person violates these rights, the victim can take shelter of the court.

Question 3.
‘Right and Duties are the sheep of the coin flock’. How?
Answer:
Rights and duties are the two sides of the same coin. Both these supplement each other. Right without duties and duties without rights are meaningless. Therefore, it is usually said that the rights of a citizen are duties of the others. If we enjoy our rights but do not perform our duties, it will mean that we are denying the rights to other citizens. For example, a citizen has the right to defend his life, therefore, it is his duty that he should not harm others. Therefore it is very clear that rights and duties are closely related.

Question 4.
Explain the Right against Exploitation.
Or
What is meant by right against exploitation?
Answer:
Poor people, women and children, in our society, are being exploited from the ages. So to remove this thing, a system of rights against exploitation has been kept in the Constitution.

According to this :

Trade of humans and taking work without paying salary has been highly restricted. Violater of this rule can be punished by law.
Children of age of less than 14 years cannot be employed in factories, mines or in risky jobs. Actually they cannot be used in any such work which could create obstacle in their development.

Question 5.
How can be defend the Fundamental Right?
Answer:
Right of religious freedom has been implemented in our Constitution in following way :

Every one has the right to adopt any religion, to propagate his religion and to worship his religion.
People are free to Jstablish religious and welfare institutions, and can run their administration.
No citizen will be forced to pay such tax whose objective will be propaganda of any specific religion.
Students in educational institutions will not be forced to take education of any particular religion.

PSEB 8th Class Social Science Guide Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions :

Question 1.
In which part of the Indian Constitution, the fundamental rights are given?
(a) Part-III
(b) Part-IV
(c) Part-V
(d) Part-VI.
Answer:
(a) Part-III.

Question 2.
Under which articles the fundamental rights are given?
(a) 13-36
(b) 12-36
(c) 14-32
(d) 14-40.
Answer:
(c) 14-32

Question 3.
Originally how many fundamental rights were give in the Indian Constitution?
(a) Five
(b) Six
(c) Seven
(d) Eight.
Answer:
(c) Seven.

Question 4.
Presently how many fundamental rights are given to the Indian citizens?
(a) Five
(b) Six
(c) Seven
(d) Eight.
Answer:
(b) Six.

Question 5.
Which right is given under Articles 14-18?
(a) Right to Equality
(b) Right to Freedom
(c) Right against Exploitation
(d) Cultural and Educational Right.
Answer:
(a) Right to Equality.

Question 6.
Which right is given under Articles 14-18?
(a) Right to Equality
(b) Right to Constitutional Remedies
(c) Right against Exploitation
(d) Right to Freedom.
Answer:
(b) Right to Constitutional Remedies.

Question 7.
In which part of the Constitution, the Directive principle of State Policy are given?
(a) Part-III
(b) Part-IV
(c) Part-V
(d) Part-VI.
Answer:
(b) Part-IV.

Question 8.
In which part of the Constitution, Fundamental Duties are given?
(a) Part-IV A
(b) Part-V A
(c) Part-VI A
(d) Part VII A.
Answer:
(a) Part-IV A.

Question 9.
This right was given in 2002 through 86th constitutional Amendment. An Act was passed in 2009 to implement it. It was implement in April 2010. Which of the following is this right? (From Board M.Q.P.)
(a) Right to Information
(b) Right to Education
(c) Right to Life
(d) Right to Equality.
Answer:
(a) Right to Information.

Question 10.
Jaiveer takes work from his employee Ravi at his tailoring shop from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. which right of Ravi is violated.
(a) Right to Equality
(b) Right against Exploitation
(c) Educational Right
(d) Right to Freedom of Religion.
Answer:
(b) Right against Exploitation.

Question 11.
Raminder works in a tailoring shop. He works from 8 a.m. to 9 p.m. but he does not get enough money. Which of his following right is violated?
(a) Right against Exploitation
(b) Right to Equality
(c) Right to Education
(d) Right to Freedom.
Answer:
(a) Right against Exploitation.

Question 12.
When Indian Constitution was made, citizens were given seven fundamental rights but now they are six in number. Which one of the following rights people do not enjoy right now?
(a) Right to Freedom of Religion
(b) Right to Equality
(c) Right to Property
(d) Right to Information.
Answer:
(c) Right to Property.

Question 13.
Ram Singh was arrested by the police without any reason. Which of his following right is violated?
(a) Right to Equality
(b) Right to Freedom
(c) Right Against Exploitation
(d) Right to Life.
Answer:
(b) Right to Freedom.

Question 14.
This was added in the Constitution in 1978 through 44th Constitutional Amendment:
(a) Fundamental Rights
(b) Fundamental Duties
(c) Powers of President
(d) Powers of Prime Minister.
Answer:
(b) Fundamental Duties.

Question 15.
If any one’s rights are violated then with which right, his rights can be given back?
(a) Right to Equality
(b) Right to Constitutional Remedies
(c) Right to Freedom
(d) Right to Religious Freedom.
Answer:
(b)Right to Constitutional Remedies.

Fill in the Blanks :

Question 1.
_______ fundamental rights were added in the Indian Constitution.
Answer:
seven

Question 2.
Fundamental Rights are given from _______ to _______ articles of the Indian Constitution.
Answer:
14, 32

Question 3.
Article 25 of gives us _______
Answer:
Right to freedom of religion

Question 4.
First fundamental right is _______
Answer:
Right to equality

Question 5.
Freedom of Press is given under _______
Answer:
Right to Freedom.

Tick the Right (✓) or Wrong (✗) answer:

Question 1.
Everyone is equal in front of law.
Answer:
(✓)

Question 2.
There is no relation of rights and the duties.
Answer:
(✗)

Question 3.
Judiciary protects fundamental rights.
Answer:
(✓)

Question 4.
Right to education is a fundamental right.
Answer:
(✓)

Question 5.
Anyone can be denied admission in educational institution on the basis of caste, colour, race, gender etc.
Answer:
(✗)

Match the Following :

Question 1.

A	B
1. Rights	(i) Given in the Constitution
2. Fundamental Rights	(ii) Demands of Humans
3. Right to Freedom	(iii) To go to Judiciary
4. Right to Constitutional Remedies	(iv) To Express Opinion

Answer:

A	B
1. Rights	(ii) Demands of Humans
2. Fundamental Rights	(i) Given in the Constitution
3. Right to Freedom	(iv) To Express Opinion
4. Right to Constitutional Remedies	(iii) To go to Judiciary

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
In which articles of the Indian Constitution, Fundamental Rights are included? On what basis they are included?
Answer:
Fundamental Rights are given from Article 14 to 32 of the Indian Constitution. These rights are included in the Indian Constitution on the basis of the Constitution of United States of America.

Question 2.
What is meant by Human Rights?
Answer:
Those rights are known as human rights which make the human life a better one. These rights help the person to live a respectful life.

Question 3.
What is Right of Equality?
Answer:
Right of Equality is a very important fundamental right. According to it, all citizens are equal in front of law. There shall be no discrimination with any citizen on the basis of his wealth, colotir, caste, creed, religion, race, etc.

Question 4.
Which duty is associated with the right of religion?
Answer:
We should not criticise any religion or religious place to maintain our right of religion. Our duty is to give respect to every religion.

Question 5.
What has been written in Articles 15 and 25 of the Constitution to maintain the right of equality?
Answer:

According to Article 15 of the Constitution, there shall be no discrimination with any citizen on the basis of religion, caste, sex and race.
According to Article 25 of the Constitution, discrimination with any person on the basis of religion is prohibited.

Question 6.
What is the literal meaning of fundamental rights?
Answer:
Fundamental Rights are those rights of citizens which are given in the Constitution of the country. They are given security through constitutional remedies. These rights are necessary for all-round development of a person.

Question 7.
How many fundamental rights are there in our Constitution?
Answer:
Six Fundamental Rights are given in the Constitution.

Question 8.
What is the relationship between rights and duties?
Answer:
Rights and duties are closely related to each other. They are the two sides of a same coin. One man’s right is other man’s duty. Actually rights are meaningless without duties.

Question 9.
Mention duties associated with any of the two rights.
Answer:

Every one is equal before the law. So it is our duty not to discriminate with any one.
We have the right of freedom of different types. The duty which is associated with this right is that we should take care about freedom of others.

Question 10.
What do you mean by right of the Constitutional Remedies?
Answer:
According to the right of Constitutional Remedies, fundamental rights of any person cannot be snatched by the state. If fundamental rights of any person are violated then that person can take the help of the court to get back his rights.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain cultural and educational rights and duties associated with it.
Answer:
Citizens have the right to secure their language, script and the culture. No citizen can be restricted, on the basis of language or race, to take admission ih those educational institutions which are running with the help of government aid.

So it is our duty to respect this right. We should not restrict any one to take admission in government’s educational institution. In fact, we should respect all the scripts, cultures, languages and religions. No discrimination shall be made while giving financial aid to any institution.

Question 2.
Explain any four Fundamental Rights of Indian citizens.
Answer:

Right of Freedom: Indian citizens are free to move anywhere, to express their views and to adopt any occupation.
Religious Freedom: Indian citizens are free to adopt any religion and to leave any religion. They can establish and run their religious institutions as well.
Right of Education: Indian citizens are given the right to read any language and to secure their culture and script.
Right of Equality: All the citizens are given the right of equality. Every type of discrimination has been eliminated. Any person can achieve higher post with the help of his ability.

Question 3.
Mention the Fundamental Rights incorporated in our Constitution.
Answer:
The following Fundamental Rights are incorporated in the Constitution :

Right of Equality
Right of Freedom
Right against Exploitation
Right of Religious Freedom
Cultural and Educational Right
Right of Constitutional Remedies.

Scope of Right of Education became wider through a constitutional amendment in Dec. 2002.

Question 4.
Does our country still discriminate on the basis of caste, creed, colour or religion?
Answer:
The Indian Constitution has eliminated every type of discrimination, on the basis of religion, colour, caste, creed, etc from our society. But actually it has not been able to eliminate this discrimination from our society. Even today people of higher castes and classes hate other castes and classes. People of lower castes are badly treated by people of higher castes. So, it is necessary to take some special steps. People should be told about the laws made against such discrimination. These laws should be strictly implemented.

Question 5.
Why is it that till today our society discriminates against people on the basis of caste, colour, creed, or religion? How can we remove this from our society?
Answer:
It is right that people in our society are still discriminated against on the basis of caste, colour, or religion. It is so because this thing is going on for ages and our minds are set in a way that we don’t want change in this aspect. We always talk about equality but practically we don’t do anything to remove discrimination. If we move into the interiors of the country this process is continually going on. This process could be removed by making strict laws, changing our mindsets, and making people aware of their rights. If this could be done then discrimination can be removed from our society.

PSEB 9th Class SST Solutions Civics Chapter 2 Democracy: Meaning and Importance

October 17, 2024October 16, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Social Science Book Solutions Civics Chapter 2 Democracy: Meaning and Importance Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 Democracy: Meaning and Importance

SST Guide for Class 9 PSEB Democracy: Meaning and Importance Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Fill in the Blanks :

Question 1.
According to “Democracy is a government in which everyone has a share.”
Answer:
Sealey.

Question 2.
The word Democracy has been derived from two Greek words ________ and ________
Answer:
Demos, Croatia.

II. Multiple Choice Questions :

Question 1.
Which of the following conditions apply for the success of democracy?
(i) Enlightened citizens
(ii) literate citizens
(iii) Universal adult franchise
(iv) Above all.
Answer:
(iv) Above all.

Question 2.
Etymological meaning of democracy is :
(i) Rule of one man
(ii) Bureaucracy
(iii) Military dictatorship
(iv) Rule of people.
Answer:
(iv) Rule of people.

III. Read the statements carefully and write True/False against every statement:

Question 1.
There is no liberty to express different opinion in democracy.
Answer:
False.

Question 2.
Democracy clearly condemns use of means of violence although it may be used for the welfare of society.
Answer:
True.

Question 3.
In democracy citizens are entitled different types of rights.
Answer:
True.

Question 4.
Awareness of citizens is essential for democracy.
Answer:
True.

IV. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain Etymological meaning of democracy.
Answer:
Democracy is made of two Greek words ; Demos and Cratia. The meaning of Demos is people and of Cratia is rule. So its literal meaning is ‘rule of people’.

Question 2.
Why democratic form of government is popular?
Answer:

It gives its citizens the right to express their views.
In this, people have the participate in electing their government.

Question 3.
Write any two hurdles in the way of democracy.
Answer:
Regionalism, Casteism, Communalism are hurdles in the way of democracy.

Question 4.
Give any one definition of democracy.
Answer:
According to Dicey, “Democracy is a form of government in which the governing body to comparatively a large fraction of the entire nation.”

Question 5.
Mention any two conditions essential for democracy.
Answer:
Political freedom and economic equality are the two conditions essential for democracy.

Question 6.
Write any two principal of democracy.
Answer:

In democracy, people have the right to express their ideas.
Democracy is based on the principal of tolerance.

Question 7.
What is the source of power in a democracy?
Answer:
People are the source of power in a democracy.

Question 8.
Which are the two forms of democracy?
Answer:
Democracy is of two types-direct:

Democracy and
Indirect democracy.

V. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain any two conditions for the success of democracy.
Answer:

Political freedom: For the success of democracy, people must have political freedom. They must have the right to speech, to form association, to express ideas and to criticise wrong policies of the government.
Moral Characters: To make democracy a success, people must have high moral character. If people and leaders will be corrupt then democracy will not be able to successfully do its work.

Question 2.
How poverty is a threat to democracy? Describe in brief.
Answer:
There is no denying the fact that poverty is an obstacle in the way of successful democracy. First of all people do not caste their vote because its more important for them to earn money instead of giving vote. Along with this, many times a poor person is forced to sell his vote. Rich people buy his vote to win the elections. A poor person even cannot express his ideas.

Question 3.
How illiteracy is a challenge for democracy? Describe in brief.
Answer:
One of the major enemy of democracy is illiteracy. An* illiterate person, who does not know the meaning of democracy, cannot play a part in its successful functioning. That’s why there is a decline of democratic value that every one participates in it. An illiterate person hardly knows about the political, economic and social problems of the country. That’s why he becomes a victim of false promises done by the leaders and is unable to cast his vote for the right candidate.

Question 4.
“Political equality is essential for democracy.” Explain this statement.
Answer:
It is true that the political equality is essential for the success of democracy. For the success of democracy, people must have the freedom of speech and freedom to form association. Along with this, they must have the right to criticise wrong policies of the government and freedom to express their views. All these freedom are available only in democracy because of which it becomes successful.

Question 5.
How the existence of political party is essential for democracy? Explain this statement.
Or
‘Political parties are wheels of democracy.’ Explain.
Answer:
The existence of political parties is very much necessary for democracy. Actually political parties are the means of a particular ideology and different political parties came into existence because of different ideas. Different views give way to the birth of political parties. Political parties keep public views in front of the government. They act as a link between the people and government. Except this we need political parties to- contest elections without them, elections are not possible in democracy.

Question 6.
How decentralization of power is essential for democracy?
Answer:
One of the basic feature of democracy is division of powers and the meaning of decentralisation is division of powers among all the levels of government. If there will be no decentralisation, powers will remain concentrated in few hands. There will come a danger of the advent of dictatorship in the country. If there will be division of powers, there will be no danger of dictatorship and the system will run smoothly so, decentralization of powers is very much necessary for democracy.

Question 7.
Explain any two principles of democracy.
Answer:

Democracy is based on the concept of tolerance. In democracy, every one has the freedom to express his views.
Democracy helps in enhancing the dignity of an individual. This is the reason that people have different rights in democracy.

VI. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain in brief the basic principles of democracy.
Answer:
Democracy is based on the following democratic principles :

The sovereignty of the people: Sovereignty resides in the people and the administration is run to accordance with the wishes of the people.
Rule of People: The administration is run by the people other directly or indirectly.
Rulers are Elected. Rulers are elected by the people. Final decision-making power must lie with those elected by the people.
Free and Fair Election: Democracy must be based on a free and fair election. The ruling party should have a fair chance of defeat.
Adult Franchise: In a democracy each adult citizen must have one vote and each vote must have one value.
Interest of People: The administration is run in the best interests of the people.
Rule of Law: Democracy is based on rule of law. Law is supreme. No body is above the law.
Equality: Equality is a basic principle of democracy. Everybody enjoys the right of equality and liberty.
Fundamental Rights: In a democracy citizens enjoy fundamental rights which are protected by the Judiciary.

Question 2.
Explain in brief the main obstacles in the way of democracy.
Answer:
In the whole world, democracy is the most prevalent form of government but there are few obstacles in the way of its successful functioning which are given below :

Casteism and Communalism: Giving preference to one’s caste and considering one’s religion superiors than the other creates hurdles in the way of successful democracy.
Regionalism: The meaning of regionalism is giving preference to own region over the other or country. It leads to conservation of human mentality and one never care about the national interests. It can become a danger to national integrity.
Illiteracy: Illiteracy is also one of the obstacle is the way of democracy. As illiterate person cannot understand the importance of democratic values and his vote. Cousequently either he does not caste his vote or sells his vote. It raises doubts on the success oLdemocracy.
Unhealthy people: If citizens of the country are not healthy then they cannot contribute towards the progress of the nation. Such people do not keep any interest in the public and political activities.
Indifferent attitude: If people are indifferent in their attitude or they do not care about their social and political responsibilities, they are definitely obstacles in the way of democracy. They even are unable to use their right to vote in a proper way. They do not show interest in listening to the leaders and this is exactly opposite to the principles of democracy.

Question 3.
Describes any five conditions of the success of democracy.
Answer:
In order that democracy may work successfully in any state there are certain conditions which must be satisfied.

Enlightened citizenship: The citizens should remain alert and protect their rights. They should perform their duties in a sincere manner.
Education: Citizens should be educated. It is only the educated electorates that will elect the right type of persons to government,
Local self-government: It is quite essential for the success of democracy that the administration should be decentralized one.
Protection of Fundamental Rights: In a democratic state people should be given fundamental rights and their rights should be protected by the Constitution.
Economic Equality and Security: Economic equality and security is also essential condition for the success of democracy. There should not be too much gulf between the rich and the poor.
Social Equality: No discrimination should be made on the basis of caste, colour, race, sex, religion etc.
High Moral Character: A high moral character of the people is very essential for the success of democracy.
Free and Fair Election: For the success of democracy elections should he held free and fair.
Freedom of Press: Democracy cannot flourish best without the freedom of press.

Question 4.
Give one definition of the democracy system and explain in brief the importance of democracy.
Answer:
Definitions of Democracy:

According to Dicey, “Democracy is a government in which the governing body is comparatively a large fraction of entire nation.”
According to Seeley, ‘Democracy is a government in which everyone has a share.”
According .to Abraham Lincoln, “Democracy is a government of the people, by the people and for the people”.

Importance of Democracy : Presently, most of countries have adopted the democratic form of government and that’s why the importance of democracy has increased.

The importance of democracy is given below ;

Equality. In democracy, no one is discriminated on any bases as it is based on equality. In this everyone is given equal rights and value of every one’s vote is same.
Representative of Public Opinion. Actually democracy is representative of the public opinion. Democratic government is elected by the people and it forms the law on the basis of public opinion. If the government does not work according to public opinion, it can be removed.
Protector of Individual Liberty. Only democracy is a type of government in which individual liberties of the public are protected. In democracy, people have the right to express their opinion, to criticize and to form associations. Even the freedom of press is also protected in this system.
Political Awareness. In democracy, elections are held on regular basis with which people become politically aware. Different political parties form public opinion and they continually evaluate the government. It leads to the development of political consciouness among the people.
Development of Moral Qualities. Out of all the governments’ only democracy helps in the development of moral qualities among the people. It also helps in building their high character. It develops the qualities to co-operate, tolerence etc, among the people.

PSEB 9th Class Social Science Guide Democracy: Meaning and Importance Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions :

Question 1.
The term democracy is derived from which of the following Greek words :
(a) Demos and Kratia
(b) Casta
(c) Famulus
(d) Pocta.
Answer:
(a) Demos and Kratia.

Question 2.
“Democracy is government of the people, for the people and by the people.” Who gave this definition?
(a) A.B. Hal
(b) Abraham Lincoln
(c) Aristotle
(d) Herodotus.
Answer:
(b) Abraham Lincoln.

Question 3.
Which of the following is the basis of democracy?
(a) Equality
(b) Liberty
(c) Fraternity
(d) All the above.
Answer:
(d) All the above.

Question 4.
Who is the real source of power in a democratic country?
(a) People
(b) Educated People
(c) Aristocratic people
(d) King.
Answer:
(a) People.

Question 5.
Which of the following is an obstacle in the way of democracy?
(а) Distinctions on the basis of caste, colour and creed.
(b) Lack of education
(c) Communication
(d) All the above.
Answer:
(d) All the above.

Question 6.
Direct democracy is that government in which :
(a) All the citizens cannot participate in administration
(b) All the citizens directly take part in the administration
(c) All the citizens indirectly participate in administration.
(d) The representatives of the public run the administration.
Answer:
(6) All the citizens directly take part in administration.

Question 7.
Which of the following conditions are necessary for the success of democracy?
(а) Citizens should be educated.
(b) There should be economic equality in society.
(c) There should be no distinction on the basis of caste, colour and creed.
(d) All the above.
Answer:
(d) All the above.

Question 8.
Direct democracy exists in :
(a) India
(b) U.K.
(c) Switzerland
(d) U.S.A.
Answer:
(c) Switzerland.

Question 9.
In India exists :
(a) Indirect democracy
(b) Direct Democracy
(c) Referendum
(d) Initiative
Answer:
(a) Indirect democracy.

Question 10.
Which one of the following is not the method of direct democracy?
(a) Referendum
(b) Initiative
(c) Landsgemeinde
(d) Political parties.
Answer:
(d) Political parties.

Question 11.
Which one of the following is not a hindrance in the path of democracy?
(a) Poverty
(b) Illiteracy
(c) Ignorance
(d) Election.
Answer:
(d) Election.

Question 12.
Which of the following is a hindrance in the path of democracy?
(a) Illiteracy
(b) Education
(c) Equality
(d) Rule of Law.
Answer:
(a) Illiteracy.

Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
Damos and Kratia are the ________ words.
Answer:
Greek

Question 2.
In ________ rulers run the system as the representatives of the people.
Answer:
democracy

Question 3.
Political parties are the tools of ________
Answer:
ideologies

Question 4.
Practically, democracy is the rule of ________
Answer:
majority

Question 5.
In ________ A.D., males and females were given equal rights.
Answer:
1950

Question 6.
In China, elections are held after every ________ years.
Answer:
five

Question 7.
Mexico became independent in ________ A. D.
Answer:
1930.

True/False:

Question 1.
In dictatorship, rulers are elected by the people.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
Free elections are the base of democracy.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Democratic government does not work according to the Constitution.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Dictatorship protect, the individual liberty.
Answer:
False

Question 5.
Parvez Mussharaf captured the power of Pakistan in 1999.
Answer:
True

Question 6.
There is only one communist party in China.
Answer:
True

Question 7.
PRI is the political party of china.
Answer:
False.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
From which words the term ‘Democracy’ is derived?
Answer:
The term ‘Democracy’ is derived from the Greek words-Demos and Kratia.

Question 2.
What is the meaning of Democracy?
Answer:
The meaning of democracy is ‘power of the people’ or ‘rule of the multitude’.

Question 3.
Give one definition of Democracy.
Answer:
According to Abraham Lincoln, “Democracy is a government of the people by the people and for the people.”

Question 4.
Explain one basic principle of Democracy.
Answer:
Sovereignty resides in the people and the administration is run in accordance with the wishes of the people.

Question 5.
What is Direct Democracy?
Answer:
In Direct Democracy, the people directly participate in the government of the country.

Question 6.
What do you understand by Indirect Democracy?
Answer:
In Indirect Democracy, the administration is run by the People’s representative.

Question 7.
Write one merit of Democracy.
Answer:
Democracy is based on the principal of equality.

Question 8.
Write one demerit of Democracy.
Answer:
Democratic government is a government by the incompetent and the ignorant.

Question 9.
Write any one condition that is essential for a successful Democracy.
Answer:
Enlightened citizenship is the first condition for the success of democracy.

Question 10.
Mention the terms that are often used to describe non-democratic government.
Answer:
Terms that are often used to describe non-democratic government are authoritarian, dictatorship and totalitarian.

Question 11.
Mention the names of two democratic states.
Answer:
India and U.S.A.

Question 12.
Give examples of various kinds of Dictatorship.
Answer:

Military dictatorship,
Party dictatorship,
Benevolent dictatorship,
Charismatic dictatorship.

Question 13.
Write down anyone characteristic of Dictatorship.
Answer:
Dictatorship is a Government by the powerful man who has right to exercise authority because of his superior physical force.

Question 14.
Mention any one merit of Dictatorship.
Answer:
The administration under a dictator is always very strong.

Question 15.
Write down any one demerit of Dictatorship.
Answer:
Individuals are not granted civil liberties and other rights in dictatorship.

Question 16.
Mention various devices adopted for Direct Democracy.
Answer:
There are four types of direct democratic devices i.e. Initiative, Referendum, Becall, Plebiscite.

Question 17.
What is Initiative?
Answer:
Initiative means, the power of the voters to get the laws passed in accordance with their wishes.

Question 18.
What do you understand by Referendum?
Answer:
The method of referendum gives the final authority to the people to accept or reject the laws passed by the legislature.

Question 19.
Which state is known as home of Direct Democracy?
Answer:
Switzerland.

Question 20.
Is it possible for all the voters in your parliamentary constituency to sit together and have a useful discussion?
Answer:
It is not possible for the voters of parliamentary constituency to assemble at one place and have meaningful dialogue.

Question 21.
Which is the most common form of Democracy in the world?
Answer:
Representative type of democracy.

Question 22.
What is the aim of true Democracy?
Answer:
The aim of true democracy is to remove poverty and unemployment.

Question 23.
Which party always forms government in China?
Answer:
Communist Party always forms the government in China.

Question 24.
Which party has won elections in Mexico from 1930 till 2000 A.D.?
Answer:
P.R.I.-Institutional Revolutionary Party.

Question 25.
What lacks in the democracy of Fiji?
Answer:
In Fiji, the value of the vote of Fijian people is more than the vote of the Indians living over there.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the word meaning of Democracy.
Answer:
The term ‘Democracy’ has been derived from the Greek words Demos and Kratos, the former meaning the people and latter ‘Power’. Democracy thus means ‘power of the people’ or ‘rule of the multitude. ‘Democracy means that the Government of the state is to be run by the people. In democracy the sovereignty resides in the people and the people either directly or indirectly govern over themselves.

Question 2.
What is Direct Democracy?
Answer:
Direct Democracy is the real or true democracy. In this system there is no difference between the rulers and ruled. In such a system of government the people directly participate in the government of the country. The entire population forms an assembly for the purpose of making laws. People discuss the problems of the state and control the state machinary. But it is not possible to practise direct democracy completely in the present age. Modern devices of direct democracy are initiative. Referendum, Recall and Plebiscite.

Question 3.
Give the meaning of Dictatorship.
Answer:
In dictatorship, power remains in the hands of one person. Dictator uses all the powers according to his wish and he is not responsible to any one. He remains on his post until the power to run the administration remains in his lands. Ford has defined dictatorship.” Dictatorship is the illegal attainment of power by the head of the country.

Question 4.
Write down any two charcteristics of Dictatorship.
Answer:

Based on Physical Strength. Dictatorship is a Government by the powerful man who had right to exercise authority because of his superior physical scope.
Arbitrary Rule. Dictatorship is an arbitrary rule. The dictator runs the government according to his own sweet will and the other people have no right to participate in the government. The dictator is not responsible to any other authority for all his actions and policies.

Question 5.
Mention any two merits of Dictatorship.
Answer:
1. Strong Administrative. The administration under a dictator is always very strong. The dictator suppresses disorder and opposition with a strong hand and he gives his country a strong government which can perform its functions well.

2. Less Expensive. Dictatorship is less expensive whereas democratic government is very costly. In dictatorship one does not find the luxuries of insecure and superfluous posts.

Question 6.
Distinguish between Direct and Indirect Democracy with examples.
Answer:
Democracy is of two types. Direct democracy and Indirect democracy. Following are the differences between the two:

In direct democracy, people participate in the government of the country, while in indirect democracy people indirectly participate in the government.
In direct democracy people directly participate in law-making, while in indirect democracy participation in law making’ is indirect.
The selection of magistrates is directly in direct democracy, while in indirect democracy selection of magistrates is indirect.
In direct democracy, the institutions of initiative, referendum and recall exist, but no initiative and referendum in an indirect democracy.
Direct democracy is prevalent in Switzerland, while indirect democracy exists in India, U.K. U.S.A. etc.

Question 7.
What are the major hindrances in the successful working of the Democracy?
Answer:

Illiteracy: Illiteracy is one of the major hindrance in the successful working of democracy.
Poverty: The other major hindrance in the successful working of Democracy in poverty.
Economic Inequality: Economic inequality is a great hindrance in the successful working of democracy.
Social Inequality: Social inequality is a big hindrance in the successful working of democracy.

Question 8.
Why is democracy important?
Answer:

Democracy recognises the Natural Rights of man in the street and raises him high on the peak of political.
Democracy gives liberty to all the citizens of a democratic state.
Democracy is the rule of the people, by the people and for the people.
Democracy is based on public opinion.

Question 9.
What do you mean by one person one vote?
Answer:
The meaning of one person one vote is giving right to vote every one without any discrimination of caste, religion, class, gender etc. Actually one person one vote is the other name of political equality. For the progress and integrity of the country, all the citizens are given the right to vote and the value of every one’s vote is one or same.

Question 10.
How was democracy destroyed in Pakistan?
Answer:
In 1999, Pakistan Army head General Parvez Musharraf played a military conspiracy and dismissed the democratically elected government. He then, took power in his hands. With the help of parliament he reduced the powers of state Legislative Assemblies. He passed a law and declared himself the Chief Excutive of the country and later on as the President of Pakistan. He also made arrangement that the President can dissolve the Parliament at any time. In this way Parvez Musharraf destroyed democracy in Pakistan.

Question 11.
Why there is no democracy in China?
Answer:
Although elections in China, are held after every five years but there is only party i.e. the Communist Party. People are required to vote only to the Communist Party. Only the nominated candidates of the Communist Party are allowed to contest elections. Few of the members of Parliament are taken from the army as well. If there is no opposition party in the country to contest elections, how can democracy sustain over there. ‘

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give major features of Democracy.
Answer:
Following are the major features of democracy.

Rule of Law:Democracy is based on rule of law. Law is supreme. No body is above the law.
Equality: Equality is a basic principle of democracy. Everybody enjoys the right of quality and liberty.
Fundamental Rights: In a democracy citizens enjoy fundamental rights which are protected by the Judiciary.
Sovereignty of the people: Sovereignty resides in the people and the administration is run in accordance with the wishes of the people.
Rule of people: The administration is run by the people either directly or indirectly.
Rulers are Elected: Rulers are elected by the people. Final Decision-making power must rest with those elected by the people.
Free and Fair Election: Democracy must be based on a free and fair election. The ruling party should have a fair chance of defeat.
Adult Franchise: In a democracy, each adult citizen must have one vote and each vote must have one value.
Interest of People: The administration is run in the best interest of the people.

Question 2.
Discuss the merits of Democracy.
Answer:
Following are the main merits of democracy.

Government of the People. Democracy ensures people’s participation in government. Democracy is a government by the people.
Equality. Democracy ensures the equality of political rights. Everybody has the opportunity to progress in life.
Liberty. People enjoy freedom of speach and expression, freedom of movement, freedom of religion, freedom to hold meetings and to criticise the policies and actions of the government.
Based on Public Opinion. Democracy rests on the consent of the people. The people feel that the laws in democratic governments are self-made and self-enforces.
Stable and Responsible government. A democratic government is more stable and responsible. It avoids revolution because the people themselves are the makers and the breakers of laws governments. If the people indicate a lack of confidence over the government will have to resign.
No possibility of Revolutions. People can change the government whenever they so desire. Therefore, the democratic government changes with the change in time.
Political Education. The democratic government gives political education to the people. The entire procedure of elections gives the people political education.
National Unity and Patriotism. The democratic form of government increases the spirit of nation unity and patriotism in the people.

Question 3.
Give arguments against democracy.
Or
Explain the demerits of democracy.
Answer:
Democracy is not without defects and weaknesses. Following are the arguments which are given against democracy.

Government of the Ignorants and Incompetents: It is said that a democratic government is a government by the incompetent and the ignorant. The common man is neither politically intelligent nor sufficiently educated.
More importance to quantity: Democracy gives more importance to quantity rather than to quality. All persons are not capable of taking part in the government of the country. On polling day a wise man and a fool are on the same level.
Government of the Rich: In theory democracy is a government by the common man but actually is a government by the rich. The candidates spend lakhs of rupees to win an election. The poor man cannot afford to spend this much amount on elections and hence his right to contest elections become meaningless.
Instability: Leaders keep changing in a democracy and this lead to instability.
Corruption: Democracy leads to corruption because it is based on electoral competition.
The dictatorship of the Majority: The majority party may develop despotic tendencies which are harmful to the development of human personality.
The interest of the People not safeguarded: Even elected leaders of the people do not know the best interest of the people.

Question 4.
‘Democracy is better than any other form of government.’ Give arguments in favour of your answer.
Answer:
Modern age is an age of democracy. No doubt democracy is the best form of government. Democracy is better than any other form of government due to following reasons :

Needs of the People. Democracy is the best type of government because it fulfils the needs of the people. In a democracy rulers have to attend the needs of the people.
Responsible Government. A democratic government is a better government because it is a more accountable form of government. The democratic government for all its action’s and policies are responsible to the people. ,
Consultation and Discussion. Democracy is better because it is based on consultation and discussion.
No Possibility of Revolutions. Democracy is better than other forms of government because there is no possibility of revolution.
Willing Obedience of Laws. The people very willingly obey the laws of the state.
Quality of Decisions. Democracy is better than other forms of government because it improves the quality of decision making.
Solution of Problems. Democracy is the best type of government as it provides a method to deal with differences and conflicts.
Dignity of Citizens. Democracy is better than other forms of government because it enhances the dignity of citizens.
Review its own decisions. It is better form of government because it allows us to correct its own mistakes.
Less Chances of War. It is better because it reduces the chances of war.

Question 5.
How was democracy suppressed in Mexico?
Answer:
Mexico attained independence in 1930 and elections, for the President are held after every six years. But till the year 2000, only one party PRI (Institutional Revolutionary Party) won the elections.

The major reason of its winning all the elections were :

As the ruling party, PRI used many unfair means to win the elections.
Government officials and other officers were forced to attend the party meetings.
School teachers were asked to compel the parents of the students to vote in favour of PRI.
On the eleventh hour of the polling day, the polling booths were shifted from one place to another so that the people must not be able to cast vote in the favour of other parties.

In this way, there was no impartial and free voting and democracy was suppressed in Mexico.

PSEB 10th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations

October 17, 2024October 16, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations

PSEB 10th Class Science Guide Chemical Reactions and Equations Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Which of the statements about the reaction below are incorrect?
2PbO(s) + C(s) → 2Pb(s) + CO₂(g)
(a) Lead is getting reduced.
(b) Carbon dioxide is getting oxidised.
(c) Carbon is getting oxidised.
(d) Lead oxide is being reduced.
(i) (a) and (b)
(ii) (a) and (c)
(iii) (a), (b) and (c)
(iv) all.
Answer
(i) (a) and (b)

Question 2.
Fe₂O₃ + 2Al → Al₂O₃ + 2Fe
The above reaction is an example of a
(a) combination reaction.
(b) double displacement reaction.
(c) decomposition reaction.
(d) displacement reaction.
Answer:
(d) displacement reaction.

Question 3.
What happens when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to iron filings?
Tick the correct answer.
(a) Hydrogen gas and iron chloride are produced.
(b) Chlorine gas and iron hydroxide are produced.
(c) No reaction takes place.
(d) Iron salt and water are produced.
Answer:
(a) Hydrogen gas and iron chloride are produced.

Question 4.
What is a balanced chemical equation? Why should chemical equations be balanced?
Answer:
Balanced chemical equation. It is a chemical equation in which number of atoms of each element are equal on both sides of the equation.

The chemical equation should be balanced because law of conservation of mass holds good i.e., the total mass of the reactants must be equal to the total mass of the products.

Question 5.
Translate the following statements into chemical equations and then balance them :
(a) Hydrogen gas combines with nitrogen to form ammonia.
Answer:
3H₂ (g) + N₂ → 2NH₃ (g)

(b) Hydrogen sulphide gas burns in air to give water and sulphur dioxide.
Answer:
2H₂S (g) + 3O₂ (g) → 2H₂O (l) + 2SO₂ (g)

(c) Barium chloride reacts with aluminium sulphate to give aluminium chloride and a precipitate of barium sulphate.
Answer:
3BaCl₂ + A12(SO₄)₃ → 2AlCl₃ (aq) + 3BaSO₄ (s)↓

(d) Potassium metal reacts with water to give potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
Answer:
2K (s) + 2H₂O (l) → 2KOH (aq) + H₂ (g)

Question 6.
Balance the following chemical equations :
(a) HNO₃ + Ca(OH)₂ → Ca(NO₃)₂ + H₂O
Answer:
2HNO₃ + Ca(OH)₂ → Ca(NO₃)₂ + 2H₂O

(b) NaOH + H₂SO4 → Na₂SO₄ + H₂O
Answer:
2NaOH + H₂SO₄ → Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O

(d) BaCl₂ + H₂SO₄ → BaSO₄ + HCl
Answer:
BaCl₂ + H₂SO₄ → BaSO₄ + 2HCl

Question 7.
Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions :
(a) Calcium hydroxide + Carbon dioxide → Calcium carbonate + Water
Answer:
Ca(OH)₂ + CO₂ → CaCO₃ + H₂O

(b) Zinc + Silver nitrate → Zinc nitrate + Silver.
Answer:
Zn + 2AgNO₃ → Zn(NO₃)₂ + 2Ag

(d) Barium chloride + Potassium sulphate → Barium sulphate + Potassium chloride.
Answer:
BaCl₂ + K₂SO₄ → BaSO₄ + 2KCl

Question 8.
Write the balanced chemical equation for the following reaction and identify the type of reaction in each case.
(a) Potassium bromide (aq) + Barium iodide (aq) → Potassium iodide (aq) + Barium bromide (s)
Answer:
2KBr (aq) + Bal₂ (aq) → 2KI (aq) + BaBr₂ (aq) — Double displacement reaction

(b) Zinc carbonate (s) → Zinc oxide (s) + Carbon dioxide (g)
Answer:
ZnCO₃ (s) → ZnO (s) + CO₂ (g) — Decomposition reaction

(d) Magnesium (s) + Hydrochloric acid (aq) → Magnesium chloride (aq) + Hydrogen (g)
Answer:(a)
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl₂ (aq) + H₂ (g) — Displacement reaction

Question 9.
What is meant by exothermic and endothermic reactions? Give examples.
Or
Differentiate between exothermic and endothermic reactions.
Answer:
Exothermic reaction. It is a chemical reaction in which heat energy is given out.
e.g. C (s) + O₂ (g) → CO₂ + Heat energy
NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H₂O (l) + Heat energy

Endothermic reaction : It is a chemical reaction in which heat energy is absorbed,
e.g. N₂ (g) + O₂ (g) → 2NO (g) — Heat energy
C (S) + H₂O (g) → CO + H₂ (g) — Heat energy.

Question 10.
Why is respiration considered as an exothermic reaction? Explain.
Answer:
During respiration oxidation of glucose occurs which produces heat energy.

Question 11.
Why are decomposition reactions called opposite of combination reactions? Write equations for these reactions.
Answer:
During decomposition a single substance breaks down into two or more substances which is just the reverse of combination reaction.

Examples for decomposition reactions are :
PSEB 10th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations 1

Question 12.
Write one equation each for decomposition reactions where energy is supplied in the form of heat, light or electricity.
Answer:
PSEB 10th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations 2
Here electrical energy is supplied to bring about the reaction.

Question 13.
What is the difference between the displacement and double displacement reactions? Write equations for these reactions.
Answer:
Displacement reaction: In this reaction a more active element displaces less active element from solution of its compound. Examples:
Fe (s) + CuSO₄ (aq) → FeSO₄ (aq) + Cu (s) ↓
Zn (s) + CuSO₄ (aq) → ZnSO₄ (aq) + Cu (s) ↓

Double displacement reaction: The reaction in which there is an exchange of ions between two reactants is called a double displacement reaction.
AgNO₃ (aq) + NaCl (aq) AgCl (s) ↓ + NaNO₃ (aq)
BaCl₂ (aq) + Na₂SO₄ (aq) BaSO₄ (s) ↓ + 2NaCl (aq)

Question 14.
In the refining of silver, the recovery of silver from silver nitrate solution involved displacement by copper metal. Write down the reaction involved.
Answer:
Cu (s) + 2AgNO₃ (aq) → Cu(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2Ag ↓

Question 15.
What do you mean by precipitation reaction? Explain by giving examples.
Answer:
Precipitation reaction. A reaction in which an insoluble product or precipitate is produced is called precipitation reaction.
AgNO₃ (aq) + NaCl (aq) → AgCl (s) ↓ + NaNO₃ (aq)
BaCl₂ (aq) + Na2SO₄ (aq) → BaSO₄ (s) ↓ + 2NaCl (aq)

Question 16.
Explain the following in terms of gain or loss of oxygen with two examples each :
(a) Oxidation (b) Reduction.
Answer:
(a) Oxidation: A chemical reaction in which a substance gains oxygen or loses hydrogen is called oxidation.
Examples
PSEB 10th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations 3

(b) Reduction: A chemical reaction in which a substance loses oxygen or gains hydrogen is called reduction.
PSEB 10th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations 4

Question 17.
A shiny brown coloured element ‘X’ on heating in air becomes black in colour. Name the element ‘X’ and the black coloured compound formed.
Answer:
The element X is copper.
PSEB 10th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations 5
Therefore the black coloured compound formed is copper (II) oxide (CuO).

Question 18.
Why do we apply paint on iron articles?
Answer:
The iron articles can be protected from rusting by applying paint on them so that the iron surface does not come in contact with air (or oxygen) and moisture which causes rusting.

Question 19.
Oil and fat containing food items are flushed with nitrogen. Why?
Answer:
This is because food items are prevented from oxidation by oxygen or air.

Question 20.
Explain the following terms with one example each :
(a) Corrosion
Answer:
Corrosion: The slow eating up of metals by the action of air and moisture on their surfaces is called corrosion. For example, iron undergoes corrosion or rusting in the presence of moist air.

(b) Rancidity.
Answer:
Rancidity: When fats and oils or food containing oils and fats get oxidised with air or oxygen, their smells and tastes change, This process is called rancidity. For example, the packet containing potato chips is flushed with nitrogen gas to avoid rancidity.

Science Guide for Class 10 PSEB Chemical Reactions and Equations InText Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why should a magnesium ribbon be cleaned before burning in air?
Answer:
Magnesium ribbon should be cleaned before burning to remove the protective layer of basic magnesium carbonate from its surface.

Question 2.
Write the balanced equation for the following chemical reactions.
(i) Hydrogen + Chlorine → Hydrogen chloride
Answer:
H₂ + Cl₂ → 2HCl

(ii) Barium chloride + Aluminium Sulphate → Barium Sulphate + Aluminium Chloride
Answer:
3BaCl₂ + Al₂(SO₄)₃ → 3BaSO₄ + 2AlCl₃

(iii) Sodium + Water → Sodium hydroxide + Hydrogen
Answer:
2Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂

Question 3.
Write a balanced chemical equation with state symbols for the following reactions.
(i) Solutions of barium chloride and sodium sulphate in water react to give insoluble sulphate and the solution of sodium chloride.
Answer:
BaCl₂(aq) + Na₂SO4(aq) → BaSO₄(s) + 2NaCl(aq)

(ii) Sodium hydroxide solution (in water) reacts with hydrochloric acid solution (in water) to produce sodium chloride and water.
Answer:
NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H₂O (l)

Question 4.
A solution of substance “X’ is used for white washing.
(i) Name the substance X’and write its formula.
Answer:
X is calcium oxide (quick lime) and its formula is CaO.

(ii) Write the reaction of the substance X named in (i) above with water.
Answer:
CaO (s) + H₂O(l) → Ca(OH)₂ (aq)

Question 5.
Why is the amount of gas collected in one of the test tubes in activity 1.7 double of the amount collected in the other? Name this gas.
Answer:
When electric current is passed through acidulated water, the reaction taking place is

Therefore hydrogen and oxygen produced are in the ratio 2 : 1 by volume. Hence volume of gas collected in one test tube is double the volume of gas collected in the other tube and this gas is hydrogen.

Question 6.
Why does the colour of copper sulphate solution change, when an iron nail is dipped in it?
Answer:
This is because iron displaces copper from copper sulphate solution.
Therefore, the concentration of copper sulphate solution decreases and blue colour of solution gradually fades away.
PSEB 10th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations 7
The concentration of copper sulphate solution decreases as ferrous sulphate is produced.

Question 7.
Give an example of a double displacement reaction other than the one given in the activity 1.10 given in textbook
Answer:
NaCl (aq) + AgNO₃(ag) → NaNO₃(aq) +AgCl(s) ↓

Question 8.
Identify the substances that are oxidised and the substances that are reduced in the following reactions :
(i) 4Na(s) + O₂(g) → 2Na₂O (s)
(ii) CuO(s) + H₂(g) → Cu(s) + H₂O(l)
Answer:

Substance oxidised	Substance reduced
1. Na_(s)	H₂
2. H₂	CuO_(s)

PSEB 8th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 25 Importance and Principles of Secularism

October 17, 2024October 16, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Social Science Book Solutions Civics Chapter 25 Importance and Principles of Secularism Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 25 Importance and Principles of Secularism

SST Guide for Class 8 PSEB Importance and Principles of Secularism Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
Preamble of Constitution is also known as __________
Answer:
essence of the constitution

Question 2.
The Rights are included in the constitution of India from Article to ________________
Answer:
12,35

Question 3.
The word was added to the Preamble of the constitution by Amendment.
Answer:
equality, fraternity

Question 4.
To treat all religions equal is _______________
Answer:
secularism.

II. Put a tick against the Rights (✓) and a cross against the wrong (✗):

Question 1.
The Preamble begins with the word we, the people of India.
Answer:
(✓)

Question 2.
The word equality has not been included in the preamble.
Answer:
(✗)

Question 3.
Discrimination can be made on the basis of Religion, Caste, Sex, Race.
Answer:
(✗)

Question 4.
The Right to vote gives Political Justice.
Answer:
(✓)

Question 5.
The preamble appears at the end of the Constitution of India.
Answer:
(✗)

III. Multiple Choice Questions :

Question 1.
In which part of the constitution of India are the fundamental Rights included:
(A) Part-I
(B) Part-II
(C) Part-III
(D) Part-IV.
Answer:
(C) Part-III.

Question 2.
Where are the rules for Ideals are included :
(A) In the Books of Law
(B) In the Preamble
(C) In the Constitution of India
(D) None of the Above.
Answer:
(C) In the Constitution of India.

Question 3.
Which Article of the Constitution of India provides six kinds of freedom to the citizens :
(A) Article 18
(B) Article 14
(C) Article 19
(D) Article 17.
Answer:
(B) Article 14.

IV. Answer the following questions in not more than 15 words :

Question 1.
Give the meaning of Secularism.
Answer:
There is no religion of the government in the secular state. All religions are equal in the eyes of the state. All the citizens of the country have the right to propagate their religion and to obey their religion in their own way. State does not discriminate with any one on the basis of religion.

Question 2.
Give an example of secularism.
Answer:
Different Presidents of India belong to different religions. In the same way people of different religions are there on higher posts in the country such as Prime Minister etc.

Question 3.
What is meant by including of rights in the Constiutiton?
Answer:
Some fundamental aims and ideals of the Constitution are given in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution. They are known as ideals of the Constitution. These ideals determine the form of the country.

Question 4.
How have the Ideals included in the preamble been achieved?
Answer:
Ideals of the Constitution are implemented by giving them a legal form. For example, untouchability has been declared illegal to achieve ideal of equality.

Question 5.
What is Preamble?
Answer:
Preamble of the Constitution is given in the beginning of the Constitution. Preamble is that document in which main objective and basic goals of the Constitution are given. It is the key of views of Law makers.

V. Answer the following questions in 50-60 words :

Question 1.
What do you mean by justice? How has this ideal been implemented?
Answer:
The meaning of justice is that all the citizens of India should be given social, economic and political justice. That’s why it is necessary that every one should be given equal opportunities. So to achieve this aim, according to the Third Schedule of Constitution, discrimination on the basis of religion, race, colour, etc. is prohibited. All the citizens are also given equality of opportunity through fundamental rights. This equality is the guarantee of economic, social and political justice. Person will be punished who will try to break the related laws.

Question 2.
What is the Importance of Preamble of the Constitution?
Answer:
The Preamble is given in the beginning of the Constitution. Actually it contains all the ideals incorporated in the Constitution. Preamble is essence of the Constitution and if any one wants to know anything about the Constitution, then he needs to look into the preamble first. Moreover, few ideals are given in the Constitution which reflect the working and functioning of the government.

Question 3.
What is meant by National Unity and Integration?
Answer:
Meaning of National Unity and Integrity is that whole of India is a nation. People of all the classes, castes and religions of country form one nation. None of the unit of country is separate from it. Our Constitution makers were in favour of national unity. This goal is included in Preamble of the Constitution through 42nd constitutional amendment. Many laws have been made to achieve this goal. If any one tries to break these laws then he is given severe punishment. But some anti-social elements are trying to disintegrate the country. Some foreign powers are trying to do so. We should strictly deal with these elements and powers. We are hopeful that we could be able to achieve our objective. ”

Question 4.
What is meant by Social, Economic and Political Justice?
Answer:
The Social Justice says that there will be no discrimination with any one on the basis of caste, colour, race, gender etc. Economic justice provides equal opportunities to everyone to earn livelihood and equal pay for equal work, political justice provides many political rights to all the citizens like right to vote, right to contest elections, right to hold public offices, right to form political parties, right to criticise government etc. In this way, every type of justice is provided to all the citizens of country.

PSEB 8th Class Social Science Guide Importance and Principles of Secularism Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions :

Question 1.
Which article of the Indian Constitution does abolish untouchability?
(a) Article 17
(b) Article 15
(c) Article 18
(d) Article 16.
Answer:
(a) Article 17.

Question 2.
Which amendment of the Constitution added the word ‘Secular’ in the Preamble?
(a) 44th Amendment
(b) 52nd Amendment
(c) 42nd Amendment
(d) 74th Amendment.
Answer:
(c) 42nd Amendment.

Question 3.
Which of the following rights aims at making India a Secular State?
(a) Right to Freedom of Religion
(b) Right to Equality
(c) Right to Education
(d) Right to Freedom.
Answer:
(a) Right to Freedom of Religion.

Question 4.
Under which articles right to equality is given?
(a) 14-18
(b) 19-22
(c) 23-24
(d) 25-28
Answer:
(a) 14-18.

Question 5.
Under which articles Directive Principles of state policy is given?
(a) 12-35
(b) 36-51
(c) 1-13
(d) 52-151
Answer:
(b) 36-51.

Fill in the Blanks :

Question 1.
Preamble is also known as __________ of the Constitution.
Answer:
essence

Question 2.
Fundamental Rights are given from to articles of the Indian Constitution.
Answer:
14, 32

Question 3.
__________ and words were added in the Preamble through 42nd Constitutional Amendment.
Answer:
Socialist, secular

Question 4.
It is our __________ to consider all the religions equal.
Answer:
duty.

Tick the Right (✓) or Wrong (✗) Answer :

Question 1.
The Preamble starts with ‘We the People of India’.
Answer:
(✓)

Question 2.
Word equality is not added in the preamble.
Answer:
(✗)

Question 3.
Anyone can be discriminated on the basis of Caste, Colour, Sex, Race, Gender etc.
Answer:
(✗)

Question 4.
Right to vote give us political justice.
Answer:
(✓)

Question 5.
Preamble is written at the end of the Constitution.
Answer:
(✗)

Match the Following :

Question 1.

A	B
1. Beginning of the Constitution	(i) Form of equality
2. An ideal of the Constitution	(ii) Preamble
3. End of Untouchability	(iii) Equal justice

Answer:

A	B
1. Beginning of the Constitution	(ii) Preamble
2. An ideal of the Constitution	(iii) Equal justice
3. End of Untouchability	(iii) Equal justice

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
On which ideology the constitutions of China, United States of America and India are based?
Answer:
The Constitution of China is based on the Communist ideology and the Constitution of United States of America is based upon the Capitalist ideology. But the Indian Constitution is not based on any specific ideology.

Question 2.
What were the evil consequences of religious fundamentalism in India during the British rule? Give two consequences.
Answer:

Communal riots, on the basis of religion, broke out in the country which led to loss of lakhs of lives.
Division of India took place in 1947 A.D.

Question 3.
What is the first goal (objective) of the Indian Constitution? Have we achieved this goal?
Answer:
First goal of the Indian Constitution was to achieve internal and external freedom. We have achieved this goal because now we are not the slave of any foreign power. Today whole of the power lies in the hands of the people. We are also free in the foreign matters as well.

Question 4.
Explain the goal of independence of the Indian Constitution.
Answer:
Freedom of expression, belief, etc. is given in the Preamble of the Constitution. Freedom has been given security in the form of fundamental rights. Citizens can take the help of Judiciary to get these rights.

Question 5.
Why we are not been able to achieve the goals of Constitution? Give two reasons.
Answer:

Even today, the people struggle with each other on the basis of caste, religion, race and region.
Some states are trying to be separated from the country.

Question 6.
Write down in brief the importance of Secularism.
Answer:
Secularism is an important ideal of state. People of all religions, in this type of country, can live with peace and harmony with each other. It can maintain unity and integrity of the country. Secularism become more important in the multi-religious country like India.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write a note on the goal of ‘Fraternity’ of the Indian Constitution.
Answer:
The main aim of the goal of Fraternity given in the Indian Constitution is to develop the sense of brotherhood among its citizens. People of different castes, colours and religions live over here in India. It is necessary to develop sense of brotherhood or fraternity among the people to maintain unity and integrity of the country. Communal harmony is necessary to maintain social harmony. That’s why discriminations on the basis of religion, colour, caste, race, sex has been eliminated through different schedules of the Constitution.

Question 2.
Why have these principles been included in the Constitution?
Answer:
The Constitution determines the relation between the form of administration of the country, citizens and state. Some ideals are determined to make state a welfare state and to establish good relations with other countries. That’s why it is necessary that social and religious fraternity of the country could be maintained, all the classes could be given justice and unity and integrity of the country should remain intact. That’s why some goals are fixed to achieve this objective. These are known as the goals of Constitution because just after achieving these goals, India can be made an ideal state.

Question 3.
Why secularism has been included in our Constitution?
Answer:
The main reason for including the goal of secularism in the Indian Constitution is the Indian occupation by the British. India remained the slave of the Britishers for around 200 years. The British tried to divide the country on a religious basis so that economic prosperity should not come in the country. Sometimes our country became the victim of Naxalite ideology. In this way atmosphere of religious fundamentalism occurred in the country and it led to the division of the country. Even religious riots occurred in the country. So it was necessary to make the state secular. That’s why the goal of secularism is included in the Indian Constitution.

Question 4.
Give in detail the meaning of the word Secularism.
Answer:
The Indian Constitution is based upon the idea of secularism. A secular state is a that state which is completely impartial in religious matters. This type of state does not have its own religion and all religions are equal for it. All the citizens have the right to religious freedom and they are free to adopt any religion or to propagate their religion. No citizen is discriminated against on the basis of religion.

Question 5.
What do you mean by equality? Which equalities are included in the Constitution?
Answer:
The meaning of Equality is that all the citizens of the country are equal irrespective of their religion, colour, or caste. The following equalities are given in the Constitution:

All the citizens are equal before the law.
Untouchability has been declared illegal so that social equality could be determined.
All the titles, except military and educational titles, have been abolished.
No religion, caste, race, or class is given special rights.
Judiciary has been given special rights to ensure equality in the country.