PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Urban Development – Local Self Government

October 15, 2024October 14, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions Civics Chapter 21 Urban Development – Local Self Government Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 21 Urban Development – Local Self Government

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB Rural Development and Local Self Government Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in brief :

Question 1.
Write a short note on urban development after Independence.
Answer:
After India’s Independence in 1947, urban areas in the country were developed at a fast pace, due to an increase in population. There was a shortage of agricultural land due to the increase in population in rural areas. Consequently, the villagers began to move cities for seeking employment. Besides, the lack of amenities like education and health also compelled the village people to go to urban areas. Modern means of transport and communication have also acted as a bridge between villages and cities. As a result, the village population in India has come down from 90% to 75%.

Due to the fast increasing population in urban areas, cities require more houses, much electricity, much clean drinking water, more means of transport, cleanliness, and disposal of garbage. So special attention is paid to urban development. This is the reason why there is an increase in the number of urban local institutions, viz., Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Committees and Municipal Corporations in India.

Question 2.
Name the urban Local Self-Institutions.
Answer:
There are three urban local self-institutions.

They are :

Nagar Panchayat,
Municipal Committee (Council)
Municipal Corporation.

Question 3.
Why is city divided into wards on the basis of population?
Answer:
Number of members of urban local institutions is fixed on the basis of population. Therefore, the whole city is divided, on the basis of almost equal population, into wards and one member is elected from each ward.

Question 4.
What age is required for the candidate to be a councillor?
Answer:
The age of 21 years is required for the candidate to be a councillor.

Question 5.
What is town’s Local Self-Institution known as?
Answer:
Local self-institution in a town is known as Nagar Panchayat or Nagar Council.

Question 6.
Name four officials of Municipal Corporation.
Answer:
Four officials of Municipal Corporation are Commissioner, Health Officer, Education Officer and Chief Engineer.

Question 5.
Name any two sources of income of (urban) Local Self-Government.
Answer:
Taxes, fees, government grants and loans are the four sources of income of (urban) local self-government.

Question 6.
What are your duties towards city Local Self-Government?
Answer:
Our duties towards city local self-government are as follows:

We should help the local self-government of our city in its functioning.
We should make a proper use of the facilities like electricity and drinking water, provided by it.
We should help it in keeping the city clean. We should not spread rubbish in the city.
We should keep the environment neat and clean and also protect it.

Question 7.
Give two functions of Municipal Cpuncil or Corporation.
Answer:
The following are two functions of Municipal Council or Corporation :
1. Compulsory Functions.

It sets up local hospitals and dispensaries.
It immunizes.children against smallpox, polio, tuberculosis, cholera, diptheria, etc.
It takes care of sanitation and cleanliness of the city. It maintains sewage system and removes rubbish and garbage.
It provides good roads and streets in its area and maintains them in good condition.
It provides primary schools and opens libraries, reading rooms, museums and adult education centres, etc.
It provides safety against fire.

2. Optional Functions:

It develops parks, gardens and playgrounds, etc.
It provides cheap and efficient bus service.
It maintains rest houses, children homes and senior citizen homes, etc.

Question 8.
Give two functions of District Administration.
Answer:
Two functions of District Administration are given below :

It maintains law and order in the district with help of the police.
It maintains all the land records in the district and collects land revenue from the farmers.

II. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
Nagar Panchayat is set in a _______
Answer:
town

Question 2.
Urban local self-government functions are looked after by _______
Answer:
the State Government

Question 3.
To be a councillor, the candidate should be of _______ years of age.
Answer:
21, 18

Question 4.
In each district, there are _______ types of courts.
Answer:
two

Question 5.
An area changing from village to town is known as _______
Answer:
transitional area.

III. Write ‘true’ or ‘false’ in the brackets given after each statement :

Question 1.
A foreigner can cast his vote in the election of Municipal Corporation of your city.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
There are 9 Municipal Corporations in Punjab.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
The President of the Municipal Corporation is known as Mayor in Punjab.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
The voter should be of 17 years for the election of local government.
Answer:
False

Question 5.
Deputy Commissioner is the Chief Government official of the District Administration.
Answer:
False

Question 6.
There ard district level officials of various departments to run the District Administration.
Answer:
True

IV. Multiple Choice Questions :

Question 1.
Which is the primary unit of local urban self¬government?
(a) Nagar Nigam
(b) Village Panchayat
(c) Nagar Panchayat.
Answer:
(c) Nagar Panchayat.

Question 2.
Which name is given to the head of a Municipal Corporation (Nagar Nigam)?
(a) Pradhan
(b) Mayor
(c) Sarpanch.
Answer:
(b) Mayor.

Question 3.
Who is the executive officer of Municipal Corporation?
(a) Superintendent
(b) Deputy Commissioner
(c) Commissioner.
Answer:
(c) Commissioner.

Question 4.
Which of the following cities does not have Municipal Corporation?
(a) Amritsar
(b) Patiala
(c) Ropar
(d) Ludhiana
(e) Bathinda
(f) Jalandhar
Answer:
(c) Ropar.

Question 5.
Which is the highest administrative officer of a district?
(a) D.E.O
(b) Police Commissioner
(c) D.P.R.O.
(d) Deputy Commissioner.
Answer:
(d) Deputy Commissioner.

Question 6.
In big cities where the road is overcrowded, to reduce its crowd a road is built up over it. Which name is given to this over built up road?
(a) cycle rickshaw track
(b) underground subway
(c) link road
(d) fly over.
Answer:
(d) fly over.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide Urban Development – Local Self Government Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
Which of these is a part of Local Self-government for urban areas?
(A) Nagar Panchayat
(B) Municipalities
(C) Municipal Corporation
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 2.
Municipal Councils are generally set up in those cities whose population is more than
(A) 5,000
(B) 20,000
(C) 50,000
(D) 1,00,000.
Answer:
(B) 20,000.

Question 3.
_______ are established in big cities.
(A) Municipal Councils
(B) Zila Parishads
(C) Nagar Panchayats
(D) Municipal Corporations.
Answer:
(D) Municipal Corporations.

Question 4.
Elected representative of award is known as
(A) M.L.A.
(B) M.P.
(C) Ward Councillor
(D) None of these.
Answer:
(C) Ward Councillor.

Question 5.
Which of these is the function of Municipal Corporation?
(A) Supply of water
(B) Scavenging and removal of waste
(C) Supply of electricity
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 6.
Which of these is the source of income for Municipal Corporation?
(A) Property tax
(B) Water and other services tax
(C) Entertainment tax
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 7.
Who listens to the problems of local level?
(A) M.L.A.
(B) Ward Councillor
(C) M.P.
(D) D.C.
Answer:
(B) Ward Councillor.

Question 8.
Which of these cities have Municipal Corporation?
(A) Delhi
(B) Mumbai
(C) Kolkata
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 9.
Which of these cities don’t have Municipal Corporation?
(A) Chandigarh
(B) Chennai
(C) Meerut
(D) Lucknow.
Answer:
(C) Meerut.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who presides over the meetings of the Municipal Corporation?
Answer:
Mayor.

Question 2.
Who is Municipal Commissioner?
Answer:
Municipal Commissioner is a senior government employee who looks after the works of Municipal Corporation.

Question 3.
Give one point of difference between a Municipal Committee and a Municipal Corporation.
Answer:
A Municipal Committee is formed in a small city, while a Municipal Corporation is formed in a big city.

Question 4.
How is the number of members in a Nagar Panchayat or Municipal Committee or Municipal Corporation determined?
Answer:
The number of members in a Nagar Panchayat or Municipal Committee or Municipal Corporation is determined on the basis of population of the city.

Question 5.
How is the Mayor elected?
Answer:
The Mayor is elected by the members of Municipal Corporation amongst themselves.

Question 6.
What is the major function of the District Administration?
Answer:
The major function of the District Administration is to maintain law and order in the district.

Question 7.
Under whose charge are the health services in the district?
Answer:
The health services in the district are under the charge of the District Civil Surgeon.

Question 8.
Which is the Highest court in the district?
Answer:
The highest court in the district is the Court of the Sessions Judge.

Question 9.
Who is the highest police officer in the district?
Answer:
The highest police officer in the district is the Police Commissoner.

Question 10.
What are the main types of litigations?
Answer:
There are two types of litigations. These are civil litigations and criminal litigations.

Question 11.
When and where was the first Municipal Corporation established in India?
Answer:
In India, the first Municipal Corporation was established in 1987 A.D. in Chennai.

Question 12.
What are two sources of income of Nagar Panchayats?
Answer:
Two sources of income of Nagar Panchayats are :

Grants from the State Government.
Income from taxes like house tax, building tax, sales tax and vehicle tax, etc.

Question 13.
Name the cities of Punjab where Municipal Corporations are working.
Answer:
Amritsar, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Patiala and Bathinda.

Question 14.
How many Municipal Corporations are there in India?
Answer:
There are nearly 125 Municipal Corporations in India.

Question 15.
Into how many districts has Punjab been divided?
Answer:
Punjab has been divided into 20 districts.

Question 16.
Name the three levels at which the District Administration works.
Answer:

District level,
Tehsil/Block level,
City/Town/Village level.

Question 17.
What is meant by Nagar Panchayat?
Answer:
The local self-government which is formed in a town with a population of not more than 20,000 is known as Nagar Panchayat.

Question 18.
What is Municipal Corporation?
Answer:
It is the highest institution of urban local self-government and is established in a large city with population in lacs.

Question 19.
Who is a Councillor?
Answer:
Councillor a member of Municipal Council, Committee or a Corporation. He is elected at local level.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which are the local bodies working in urban areas?
Answer:
Nagar Panchayat, Municipal Committee (Council) and Municipal Corporation are the local bodies working in urban areas.

Nagar Panch&yat: It works in a town where the population is not more than 20,000.
Municipal Committee (Council): It works in a city where the population is between 20,000 and one lac.
Municipal Corporation: It works in a city with a population of over one lac.

Question 2.
How is a Nagar Panchayat constituted?
Answer:
The whole town is divided into wards and one member is elected from each ward. Every Nagar Panchayat has a President and a Vice-President. The President is elected directly by the people. The members nominate some experienced persons, called Aldermen. The Chief Administrative Officer of a Nagar Panchayat is the Chief Municipal Officer.

Question 3.
What are the main functions of a Nagar Panchayat?
Answer:
The main functions of a Nagar Panchayat are as follows :

To prepare plans for the changing face of a village into a town.
To beautify the town and to give approval to improve the old houses.
To provide civic amenities like safe drinking water and electricity.
To construct and maintain roads and to provide parks, playgrounds and dispensaries.
To plant new trees to maintain and improve the environment.

Question 4.
How is a Municipal Committee (Council) formed?
Answer:
The members of a Municipal Committee (Council) are elected by the people of the city. The number of these members depends upon the population of the city. This number usually varies from 9 to 29. For the purpose of election, the city is divided into wards and one member is elected from each ward. Some seats are reserved for scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and women. Some other experienced members, known as Aldermen, are elected by the elected representatives of the Municipal Committee. Elected members of Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and State Legislative Assembly are also members of the Municipal Committee. A President and a Vice-President are elected by the elected members from amongst themselves.

Question 5.
Discuss the composition of a Municipal Corporation.
Answer:
Members of a Municipal Corporation are elected by the voters. The city is divided into wards and one member (councillor) is elected from each ward. Number of councillors is fixed on the basis of the population of the city. Members of State Legislative Assembly, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha of that area are also members of Municipal Corporation. The councillors elect a Mayor and a Deputy Mayor from amongst themselves. The term of Municipal Corporation is five years.

Question 6.
Give the sources of income of a Municipal Committee and a Municipal Corporation.
Answer:
The main sources of income of a Municipal Committee and a Municipal Corporation are as follows :

Taxes such as house tax, property tax, and entertainment tax.
Fees and fines from rickshaws and fees from approval of house plans, etc.
Loans and grants from the government.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the difference between a Municipal Committee and a Municipal Corporation?
Answer:
The following are the main points of difference between a Municipal Committee and a Municipal Corporation:
1. A Municipal Committee is the local self-government of a small city. It is established in a city having a population of between twenty thousand and one lac.
A Municipal Corporation, on the other hand, is set up in a big city. It is formed in a city, the population of which is over one lac.

2. A Municipal Committee is less powerful as compared to a Municipal Corporation. A Municipal Corporation is the highest and most powerful institution of urban local self-government.

3. In Punjab, the number of elected members of a Municipal Committee is fixed at 9 to 29, whereas the number of elected members of a Municipal Corporation varies between 40 and 50.

Question 2.
What are the various functions performed by District Administration?
Answer:
District Administration performs various types of functions at the district level. Several officers have been appointed in different government departments at the district level. All the officers assist Deputy Commissioner in performing the district-level functions.

The various functions performed by District Administration are as follows:
1. To maintain Law and Order: District Administration maintains law and order in the district. There are a Commissioner of Police, a Deputy Commissioner of Police, and Inspectors of Police to help the District Administration in this task.

2. Functions relating to Land Revenue: District Administration maintains all the land records and collects land revenue from the farmers.

3. Developmental Functions: All the developmental works in the district are carried out under the supervision of the Deputy Commissioner. Civic amenities such as health facilities, means of transport, education, maintenance of government buildings and roads are looked after by various departments.

4. Judicial Administration: There is a separate judicial administration in every district. The two kinds of litigation are dealt with by the two kinds of courts. Civil courts deal with matters relating to property and money, whereas criminal courts deal with cases like theft, murder, and criminal assault.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 19 Community Meet Human Needs

October 14, 2024October 13, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions Civics Chapter 19 Community Meet Human Needs Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 19 Community Meet Human Needs

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB Community Meet Human Needs Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in brief :

Question 1.
Why is human being called a social animal.?
Answer:
Man is a social being by nature. He cannot live alone. He needs someone to fulfil his needs. It is so because Man is the only living being in the world who can think. It is so because of the intellectual power of man. He needs someone to live with. That is why a human being is called a social animal.

Question 2.
Which is the basic unit of society?
Answer:
Family is the basic unit of society.

Question 3.
How was human life in ancient times?
Answer:
Human life in ancient time was very hard but simple. The man wandered in forests. He used to make both ends meet by hunting wild animals and birds. Gradually, he learnt agriculture and began to live at one place. His needs were minimum. He took water from nearby wells, rivers or ponds. He ate whatever was grown in his fields. He collected grass, twigs, leaves, mud and wood and built his house.

Question 4.
What is the difference between tribal and city life?
Answer:
Tribal life is not stable. Tribal people do not live permanently in one place and move from place to place. Their life is simple and their needs are minimal.

City life, on the other hand, is stable. Life of people is very complex and their needs go on increasing day by day. These people enjoy all amenities of life.

Question 5.
How are human beings different from other living things?
Answer:
Human beings are like other living things but they are also different from them. Human beings are the only creatures on earth who possess a developed brain and who can think. All other living beings on earth do not have this power. It is only this intellectual power that differentiates human beings from other living things.

Question 6.
Why is society essential for man?
Answer:
Society is an essential institution. No man can live without it. His needs and nature compel him to live in society. Man lives in society due to the following reasons :

It provides protection and shelter to man.
It fulfils his needs of food, clothing, housing, education, etc.
It enables him to exchange his ideas and knowledge with others and thus further develops culture and civilization.
It provides him an opportunity to develop values and virtues by his personal experiences.

Question 7.
Why we are proud of our Indian community?
Answer:
India is a land of diversities. A large number of diversities such as geographical diversities, social diversities, economic diversities, religious diversities, regional diversities and political diversities, exist in India. There are a lot of differences in climate, weather, people’s residences, food, dress, traditions, habits, folk lores and folk dances and many other things. But unity appears, out of these diversities. This is the unity of emotions, feelings and sentiments. All the people of India consider themselves as one and they give an important contribution to the progress of the country. This is the reason why we are proud of our Indian community.

Question 8.
Why and how has urbanisation developed in society?
Answer:
The interdependence of various social gropus led to the urbanisation of society. With the passage of time, village population increased. For administrative purposes, towns came into existence. With industrialisation, the towns developed into cities. With the increase in village population, demand for goods raised. In order to fiilfil the deand, manual labour was replaced by machines. Big factories were established, around which large cities were set up. A large number of villagers moved to cities in search of employment. Consequently, urbanisation developed.

Question 9.
Write a short note on the change of community from natural to man-made.
Answer:
In the beginning, man lived in the jungle and he was dependent upon nature. He started his life as a hunter. Agriculture made his life stable. It also minimised his dependence upon nature. He began to exchange his goods with other people. It started trade. Human thinking gave birth to various occupations. These included carpentry, smithy and shoe-making. Expansion of occupations made essential the things like organisation, law and order and administration etc. Thus man left the natural environment and entered the man-made environment.

Question 10.
Write a note on the development of Indian civilization.
Answer:
It took hundreds of years for Indian civilization to develop. People of diverse origins came to India from time to time and stayed here. All those people ultimately made it their home. Their way of life and ideas were accepted and adopted by the people living here. So many diverse cultures got assimilated into one another. As a result, Indian civilization became a mixture of many colours and shades.

II. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
In ancient time people were living in _________
Answer:
villages

Question 2.
Urban population is _________ day by day.
Answer:
increasing

Question 3.
Community is called _________ of families.
Answer:
group

Question 4.
The main occupation of early man was _________
Answer:
hunting

Question 5.
Man is the only living creature with a power of
Answer:
thinking.

IV. Write ‘true’ or ‘false’ in the brackets given after each statement :

Question 1.
India is known as ‘Country with Unity in Diversity’.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Gidha is folk dance of Rajasthan.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Every human being is an important part of his commumity.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Man can live in isolation.
Answer:
False

IV. Multiple Choice Questions :

Question 1.
Which is the primary social unit of a society? ‘
(a) Family
(b) City
Answer:
(a) Family.

Question 2.
Why is man a social animal?
(a) Because a man can live alone.
(b) Because a man cannot live alone.
Answer:
(b) Because a man cannot live alone.

Question 3.
Which spirit is created by the cultural brotherhood?
(a) Spirit of Patriotism
(b) Spirit of Communalism.
Answer:
(a) Spirit of Patriotism.

Question 4.
First of all which material was used by a man to make weapons in the ancient period?
(а) Stone
(b) Copper.
Answer:
(a) Stone.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide Community Meet Human Needs Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
_________ is a system where people live together and interest with each other.
(A) Society
(B) Community
(C) Association
(D) Organisation.
Answer:
(A) Society.

Question 2.
Who said that, “Society is the web of social relationship”?
(A) Weber
(B) Maclver
(C) Kare Marx
(D) Durkheim
Answer:
(B) Maclver.

Question 3.
_________ is a group of people who have definite features and who live at a particular place or district or country.
(A) Society
(B) Association
(C) Community
(D) Organisation.
Answer:
(C) Community.

Question 4.
Who said that ‘Man is a social animal’?
(A) Weber
(B) Aristotle
(C) Karl Marx
(D) Durkheim.
Answer:
(B) Aristotle.

Question 5.
_________ is a country with great unity in diversity.
(A) India
(B) USA
(C) Australia
(D) Canada.
Answer:
(A) India.

Question 6.
Man in Primitive times was a
(A) Hunter
(B) Food gathers
(C) Nomad
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 7.
Why do humans need society?
(A) For Protection
(B) To fulfill his needs
(C) To exchange ideas
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 8.
Which metal greatly helped in the development of mankind?
(A) Iron
(B) Gold
(C) Silver
(D) Tin.
Answer:
(A) Iron.

Question 9.
An organised society is called a _________
(A) Society
(B) State
(C) Institution
(D) Community.
Answer:
(B) State.

Question 10.
Which of these is our duty towards society?
(A) Loyalty
(B) Honesty
(C) To give sacrifice
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why does man live in society?
Answer:
Man lives in society because of his nature and needs.

Question 2.
What is the first basic society for the child?
Answer:
Family is the first basic society for the child.

Question 3.
What type of qualities does a child acquire from family?
Answer:
A child acquires various types of qualities like affection, sympathy, sacrifice, respect and brotherhood, etc. from family.

Question 4.
What is the world community?
Answer:
Many nations of the world together make a human society. This human society is known as a world community.

Question 5.
Name the metal which played a very important role in the development of mankind
Answer:
Iron.

Question 6.
When did an organised and stable community life come into existence?
Answer:
An organised and stable community life came into existence when man began to grow crops.

Question 7.
Why were family and society created? ‘
Answer:
Family and society were created to fulfil the common goals of the people.

Question 8.
What are the basic qualities of social life?
Answer:
Discipline, co-operation, respect, tolerance and vigilance, etc. are the basic qualities of social life.

Question 9.
What led to the urbanisation of society?
Answer:
The interdependence of various social groups led to the urbanisation of society.

Question 10.
When was society needed to be organised?
Answer:
Society was needed to be organised when groups of families became larger due to increase in population.

Question 11.
What is an organised society called?
Answer:
An organised society is called a state.

Question 12.
What is the main basis of social organisation?
Answer:
Co-operation among people is the main basis of social organisation.

Question 13.
What is meant by Society?
Answer:
A system where people live together in organised way and interact with each other is known as society.

Question 14.
What is Community?
Answer:
A group of people who have definite features and who live in a place, district or country is called community.

Question 15.
How can you say that India is a country with unity in diversity? ‘
Answer:
India is a country with unity in diversity because large scale social,physical, religious, economic, political and regional diversities are found here. Even then there is emotional unity among people.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why is family called the first basic unit of social life?
Answer:
Family is the only first basic unit of social life.-It is only in the family that a child learns affection, co-operation, sense of service, tolerance, sacrifice, obedience, respect and discipline. By taking interest in the family decisions taken by parents, the child learns how to take part in the decisions taken by the country’s government. All these qualities contribute to the formation of a good nation.

Question 2.
How are various institutions helping the modern man?
Answer:
Various institutions help a lot in making the modem man civilised. Family which is the primary school for civic qualities, teaches us mutual co-operation, sense of service, tolerance, sacrifice, renunciation and discipline. Similarly, school and society also teach us the same qualities, which result in making us good citizens.

Question 3.
What are our duties towards society?
Answer:
Our duties towards society are as follows :

We must be loyal towards society and obey the rules formed by it.
We must pay honestly the taxes levied by our government so that our country can make progress.
We must be prepared to make every sacrifice for the defence of our country.
We must live in mutual love, peace and brotherhood with our fellow beings.
We must protect our social and natural environment from being polluted.

Question 4.
Why is man called a social being?
Answer:
Man is called a social being because he cannot live alone. His nature and needs compel him to live in society. Isolation bores him, and he loves to live with his fellow beings. Besides, he has to depend upon society for the fulfilment of his needs. Therefore, man is a social being.

Question 5.
Why is India called a sub-continent?
Answer:
India stands as a sub-continent in South Asia. The natural frontiers of India provide an isolated character to the vast Indian landmass. The Himalayas in the north, the Indian Ocean in the south, dense forests in the east and Thar desert in the west separate it from the main continent. That is why India is called a sub-continent.

Question 6.
What type of qualities do you acquire from your school community?
Answer:
We acquire several qualities from our school community. We acquire discipline, obedience and sportsmanship, besides reading and learning.

Question 7.
Why and how has urbanisation developed in the society?
Answer:
The interdependence of various social gropus led to the urbanisation of society. With the passage of time, village population increased. For administrative purpose, towns came into existence. With industrialisation, the towns developed into cities. With increase in village population, demand for goods raised. In order to fiilfil the deand, manual labour was replaced by machines. Big factories were established, around which large cities were set up. A large number of villagers moved to cities in search of employment. Consequently, urbanisation developed.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the institutions which teach a man how to lead a civilised civic life.
Answer:
A man comes in contact with various institutions in his life, which teach him how to lead a civilised civic life.

Following is the description of a few such institutions :

Family: Family is the primary unit of social life. Social life begins at home. Family is the first and foremost institution where a man learns the first lesson of citizenship and civic virtues. It is only in the family that he adopts the virtues of love, co-operation, service, sacrifice, obedience, respect and discipline.
School: After family, school plays an important role in the formation of civic life. School acts as a centre of primary education. A sense of discipline, as well as a sense of obedience, is learnt by a man in school.
Village or City: People of a village or city make collective efforts to solve their problems. These collective efforts are called a local government. The local government plays an important role in civic life.

Question 2.
Write a note on Unity in Diversity in India.
Answer:
Our country India is known for its unity in diversity. This unity is of feelings and emotions. We cannot find any other country with such diverse physical and cultural conditions. Every citizen of India is proud of its unity. People of different origins, cultures, and religions came over here and settled here. All these people ultimately became a part of Indian society. Their culture was mixed with Indian culture. As a result, Indian culture is a mixture of many colours and shades just like a rainbow. Geographical conditions are also very much different from one region to the other. We can find deserts, mountains, fertile plains, rocky plains, frozen zones over here. In this way, we can say that Unity in Diversity exists in India.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 22 Public Property and its Protection

October 14, 2024October 13, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions Civics Chapter 22 Public Property and its Protection Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 22 Public Property and its Protection

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB Public Property and its Protection Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in brief :

Question 1.
Why do we love our personal property?
Answer:
We have to purchase the item of our personal property if it is lost or spoiled. It causes financial loss to us. Therefore, we love our personal property.

Question 2.
Why should National Property be protected? Give two reasons.
Answer:
National property is created by the government out of the money collected from the people of the country in the form of taxes. It is meant for the convenience of all the people. If this property is damaged, it causes social and economic loss to us, our family and the nation as a whole. Therefore, the national property should be protected.

Question 3.
Why people damage public property? Give two reasons.
Answer:

Some people damage public property for the sake of fun.
Some people damage public property because they feel that this is the best way to draw the government’s attention towards their demands.

Question 4.
Give the name of two kinds of public property.
Answer:
Two kinds of public property are :

Public utility services,
Historical buildings or monuments.

Question 5.
What do you mean by public utility services? Give two examples of it.
Answer:
Public utility services are those services which are provided to all in equal proportions by the government, for the fulfilment of minimum needs of citizens. Services like electricity and water are public utility services.

Question 6.
What is public property? How is it created?
Answer:
Property to which all of us have a common right to share is called public property. It belongs to all. It is jointly created by the people and the government. Taxes are imposed and funds created. These funds create public property. It is our duty to preserve it.

Question 7.
How people misuse the public property?
Answer:
People misuse public property in the following ways :

Some people express their resentment against the government or try to get their demands accepted by damaging and burning public property.
Some people damage bulbs and tubes of street lights by throwing stones on them.
Some people throw garbage and litter in gardens, parks, zoos, historical buildings and museums, etc.
Children tear-off seats of buses and railway trains.
Some people draw lines or write their names on historical buildings and thus damage them.
Some foolish people steal valuable goods or idols, etc. from temples or museums.

Question 8.
From whose money the school property is made?
Answer:
The school property is made from the money of our parents and our government. The government’s money is also our own money because the government collects it from us in the form of taxes.

Question 9.
Give one basic difference between personal property and public property.
Answer:
Personal property belongs to a person or family, whereas public property is the common property of all. This is one basic difference between the two.

Question 10.
What is our responsibility towards school property?
Answer:
Our responsibility towards school property is the following :

We should not damage the school furniture.
We should not scribble on the school walls.
We should not pluck flowers from flower beds and pots lying in the school premises.
We should not tear off pages from the library books.
We should turn off the water taps after use.
We should not spoil the sports goods like hockey, football, etc.

Question 11.
How can you help to preserve the historical monuments?
Answer:
We can help to preserve the historical monuments in the following ways :

We should not disfigure or scratch them.
We should not steal idols from them.
We should not throw garbage and rubbish in of around them.
If someone causes damage to historical monuments, we should report the matter to the police so that the gtiilty may be prosecuted and punished.
We should help the government in the protection and preservation of historical monuments.

II. Write ‘true’ or ‘false’ in the brackets given after each statement :

Question 1.
Parks and hospitals are our personal property.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
We should not damage our national property as it is our own.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Historical monuments are protected by a government law passed in 1958.
Answer:
True

III. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
All objects that we possess as individual make _______ property.
Answer:
personal

Question 2.
Old historical buildings are called _______ monuments.
Answer:
historical

Question 3.
We must not _______ the public property.
Answer:
damage

Question 4.
Things owned collectively make _______ property.
Answer:
family.

IV. Select out of the following as private property and public property :

Question 1.
Book, Post office, Pen, Raliway station, Scooter, Bus stand, Monument, Almirah, Sewerage, Car, Roads, Canals, Bag, Bridge, Water-works, Bungalow, River, Museum, Television.
Answer:
Private Property. Book, Pen, Scooter, Almirah, Car, Bag, Bungalow, Television.
Public Property. Post office, Railway station, Bus stand, Monuments, Sewerage, Roads, Canals, Bridge, Water-works, River, Museum.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide Public Property and its Protection Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Property owned by an individual is called _______ property.
(A) Personal
(B) Public
(C) National .
(D) International.
Answer:
(A) Personal.

Question 2.
Property owned by whole community is called _______ property
(A) National
(B) Public
(C) International
(D) Personal.
Answer:
(B) Public.

Question 3.
Facilities provided by the government are called _______ facilities.
(A) National
(B) Social
(C) Public
(D) Personal.
Answer:
(C) Public.

Question 4.
When was the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological sites and Remains Act passed?
(A) 1950
(B) 1958
(C) 1954
(D) 1962.
Answer:
(B) 1958.

Question 5.
Who gives money for the maintance of public property?
(A) Public
(B) An individual
(C) Government
(D) U.N.O.
Answer:
(A) Public.

Question 6.
How do people misuse public property?
(A) They tear off seats of buses
(B) They write their names on historical buildings
(C) They damage street lights
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 7.
What is our responsibility towards school property?
(A) Not to damage School furniture
(B) Not to scribble on School Walls
(C) Not to tear off pages from liberary books
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(A) All of these.

Question 8.
Which of these is a public property?
(A) Trains
(B) Historical buildings
(C) Bus stand
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a democratic country?
Answer:
A democratic country is one where people elect their representatives to make the government.

Question 2.
Name the three organs of a government. What are their functions?
Answer:

Legislature,
Executive,
Judiciary.

Legislature makes laws, the Executive executes them and Judiciary punishes the persons who violate laws.

Question 3.
Name a few items of personal property.
Answer:
Clothes, school bag, books, notebooks, pen, pencil, etc.

Question 4.
Name some items of family property.
Answer:
House, scooter, car, television, furniture, etc.

Question 5.
What is included in public utility services?
Answer:
Public utility services include school, buses, hospitals, parks, post office, electricity, water, etc. These services are provided by the government.

Question 6.
Who suffers if you lose any of your own or family possessions?
Answer:
We and our family suffer.

Question 7.
Why do we owe joint responsibility towards the protection of public property?
Answer:
We owe joint responsibility towards the protection of public property because all the people have to suffer if it is damaged.

Question 8.
Give some examples of school property.
Answer:
Chairs, tables, desks, blackboards, library, playgrounds, etc.

Question 9.
What is a historical monument?
Answer:
A historical monument is a structure of the past which reminds us of our ancient glory.

Question 10.
Which government department takes care of historical monuments?
Answer:
The Archaeological Department.

Question 11.
What is our duty towards public property?
Answer:
We should keep it safe from any type of damage.

Question 12.
Should we cause damage to public property? Why, or why not?
Answer:
No, we should not cause any damage to public property. Its damage means our own loss.

Question 13.
Why is school called public property?
Answer:
Our parents’ and the government’s money is spent on the building of school. So it is public property.

Question 14.
Of what do our historical buildings and monuments remind us?
Answer:
Our historical buildings and monuments remind us of our rich cultural heritage and glorious past.

Question 15.
Why should parks be maintained?
Answer:
People go to parks to breathe in fresh air and to take exercise there. So parks should be maintained.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why should we not damage public property?
Answer:
Public property is the property of the nation to which we all belong. It is created out of the taxes paid by us. It serves our own purpose. If we do not protect it, we ourselves will be put to inconvenience. It will become difficult to have it again. Thus it is our own loss. We have a common right to the public property. So it is our duty to protect our common things.

Question 2.
What is the difference between private property and public property?
Answer:
The property to which the owner has a personal right is called private property. No one can use this property without the permission of its owner. Privately owned houses, shops, motor cycles, scooters, etc. are good examples of private property.

On the other hand, public property is the property to which all of us have a common right. Roads, buses, railways, hospitals, schools, post offices, etc. are some examples of public property.

Question 3.
What is the importance of historical monuments in our life?
Answer:
There is a great importance of historical monuments in our life. Historical monuments like forts, palaces, temples, mosques, churches and towers, etc. remind us of our ancient glory. They are the great centres of education. We learn our history through the statues, coins, pictures and maps found in these monuments. They inspire us to do great deeds.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
What points should we keep in mind to make proper use of public places?
Answer:
To make proper use of public places we should keep the following points in mind :

School is a very important institution. Here, we study and attain different types of social and moral qualities. So we should not spoil our classroom furniture by throwing it hither or thither, nor should we scribble^on the classroom walls. We should riot pluck flowers from flower beds and pots lying in the school premises. We should not tear off pages from the library books. We should turn off the water taps after use. We should not spoil the sports goods like hockey, football, etc.
Our government provides us with public means of transport like buses and trains for our convenience. We should not harm these public modes of transport, otherwise, it will be difficult for us to reach our school, college or office.
We should ensure that bulbs and tubes of street lights are not damaged by throwing stones on them. It will cause inconvenience to the public moving on roads at night time. The number of accidents can also increase.
We should not throw garbage and litter in the parks.
We should not tease the animals in zoos.
By preserving the parks, zoos, and sanctuaries we can help our community to maintain a balance between the natural environment and the man-made environment.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 20 Rural Development and Local Self Government

October 14, 2024October 13, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions Civics Chapter 20 Rural Development and Local Self Government Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 20 Rural Development and Local Self Government

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB Rural Development and Local Self Government Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in brief :

Question 1.
Write a short note on the changing face of villages in modern times.
Answer:
Our villages suffered from poverty, illiteracy, disease, and superstitions before Independence. But the face of our villages has been changing since Independence.

Today, in every village we see some progress and development.

Zamindari System has been abolished and the land has been given to the landless farmers.
Agricultural production has increased manifold. Farmers have now begun to use good quality seeds and fertilizers and agricultural machines. Agriculture universities have been set up to improve the condition of agriculture.
Schools and colleges have been opened. Children up to the age of fourteen are being imparted free education. Adult education centres have been established to educate the elderly illiterate citizens. Special facilities have been given to educate the women at village level.
Branches of banks have been opened. Villagers are provided loans at lower rate of interest.
Primary Health Centres have been opened almost in all the villages to provide medical aid to the villagers.
A large number of family planning centres have been opened to help reduce the growing population.
Almost all the villages have been provided with safe drinking water, irrigation facilities and electricity.
Efforts have been made to lay link roads for all villages to join them with the state highways.
Unemployed youths have been provided loans at lower rate of interest to discourage them to migrate to cities in search of employment.
Co-operative farming has been encouraged to improve the economic condition of villages.

Question 2.
What do you understand by Panchayati Raj?
Answer:
Rural local self-government in India is known as Panchayati Raj. It consists of Village Panchayat, Panchayat Samiti and Zila Parishad.

Question 3.
Which is the lowest and the highest institution of Panchayati Raj System?
Answer:
Village Panchayat is the lowest and Zila Parishad is the highest institution of Panchayati Raj System.

Question 4.
What is the minimum and maximum number of members of a Gram / Village Panchayat in Punjab?
Answer:
The minimum number of members of a Gram / Village Panchayat in Punjab is five and the maximum is eleven.

Question 5.
Write any two functions of Zila Parishad.
Answer:
The following are two functions of Zila Parishad :

Zila Parishad advises, helps, and coordinates the functioning of Panchayats and Panohayat Samitis.
It prepares plans for the rural development of the district.

Question 6.
What was the condition of villages during British rule?
Answer:
During British rule the condition of villages was very bad. Villages were backward. The life of villagers was hard. They had to face many problems. Zamindari system was prevalent. The farmers were exploited by the landlords. Condition of agriculture was very poor. The farmers were unknown to modern scientific and advanced methods of agriculture. Modern irrigational facilities were also not available to them. There was hardly any development of education. Villagers had no health facilities. They had to get treatment from quacks.

Question 7.
Write short note on the composition of Panchayat Samiti.
Answer:
A Panchayat Samiti is formed for a group of 100 village.’ . All the Panchs and Sarpanchs of the Village Panchayats elect their representatives to Panchayat Samiti. Besides such representatives, there are other members also. All the members of State Legislative Assembly, Legislative Council, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha who have been elected from that block are also members of Panchayat Samiti. Every Panchayat Samiti must have one-third women members out of its total members. All the members of Panchayat Samiti elect- among themselves a Chairman and a Vice-Chairman.

Question 8.
What do you mean by Gram Sabha? What is the difference between Gram Sabha and Gram Panchayat?
Answer:
Gram Sabha is an assembly of all men and women of a village whose age is 18 years and above and whose names are enlisted in the voters’ list.

Difference between Gram Sabha and Gram Panchayat. Gram Sabha includes all the persons of the village whose age is 18 years and above, whereas Gram Panchayat consists of the persons elected by the voters of the village. This is the basic difference between the two institutions.

Question 9.
Which is the most important function of the Panchayat Samiti?
Answer:
The most important function of the Panchayat Samiti is to supervise the activities of Village Panchayats of its block.

Question 10.
What the Panchayat Samiti of your area does to improve the local environment?
Answer:
The Panchayat Samiti of our area performs the following functions to improv6 the local environment :

Panchayat Samiti arranges for good seeds and fertilisers to increase agricultural production.
It helps Panchayats to set up small scale industries like pottery.
It encourages fishery and cattle rearing.
It constructs link roads and bridges to join villages of its area,
It arranges for safe drinking water and provides health facilities in its area.

II. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
There are ________ States and ________ Union Territories in India.
Answer:
28, 8

Question 2.
Panchayat Samiti is the ________ institution of the Panchayati Raj.
Answer:
middle

Question 3.
The term of Gram Panchayat and Panchayat Samiti is ________ years.
Answer:
5

Question 4.
There are ________ Zila Parishads in Punjab.
Answer:
20

Question 5.
The highest institution of the Panchayati Raj is
Answer:
Zila Parishad.

III. Write ‘true’ or ‘false’ in the brackets given after each statement :

Question 1.
The economic condition of the villages was very bad during British Rule.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Seats are not reserved for women in the Gram Panchayat.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
There are District Level Officials of various departments to run district administration properly.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Zila Parishad is also known as Zila Panchayat.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
Panchayat Samiti is created for 100 villages.
Answer:
True

IV. Multiple Choice Questions :

Question 1.
What is the minimum age required to contest the elections of rural local self-governments institutions?
(a) 20 years
(b) 22 years
(c) 21 years.
Answer:
(c) 21 years.

Question 2.
How many minimum and maximum members are directly elected by voters of Panchayat Samiti?
(a) 9 to 25
(b) 15 to.25
(c) 6 to 29
Answer:
(b) 15 to 25.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide Rural Development and Local Self Government Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
________ is a body of all adults who live in the area covered by a Panchayat.
(A) Gram Sabha
(B) Gram Panchayat
(C) Panchayat Samiti
(D) Zila Parishad.
Answer:
(A) Gram Sabha.

Question 2.
Tenure of the Gram Panchayat is
(A) 4 years
(B) 5 years
(C) 6 years
(D) Indefinite time.
Answer:
(B) 5 years.

Question 3.
Panchayati Raj system was enforced with ________ constitutional amendment.
(A) 70th
(B) 72nd
(C) 73rd
(D) 74th.
Answer:
(C) 73rd.

Question 4.
________ seats of all the local bodies are reserved for women.
(A) One tenth
(B) One fourth
(C) One fifth
(D) One third.
Answer:
(D) One third.

Question 5.
Secretary of the Gram Sabha is appointed by _________
(A) State Government
(B) Central Government
(C) Panchayat
(D) Zila Parishad.
Answer:
(A) State Government.

Question 6.
Lowest level of Panchyati Raj system is _______________
(A) Panchayat
(B) Gram Sabha
(C) Panchayat Samiti
(D) Zila Parishad.
Answer:
(A) Panchayat.

Question 7.
Middle level of Panchayati Raj system is __________
(A) Panchayat
(B) Panchayat Samiti
(C) Gram Sabha
(D) Zila Parishad.
Answer:
(B) Panchayat Samiti.

Question 8.
Highest level of Panchayati Raj Institution is ______________
(A) Panchayat
(B) Block Samiti
(C) Zila Parishad
(D) Gram Sabha.
Answer:
(C) Zila’Parishad.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What percentage of the people of India live in villages?
Answer:
75 per cent.

Question 2.
What is the main occupation of the people in India?
Answer:
Agriculture.

Question 3.
What are the main problems of our villages today?
Answer:
Poverty, illiteracy, diseases and superstitions.

Question 4.
What is the literal meaning of Panchayat?
Answer:
literally, Panchayat means a committee of five elders to solve the local problems of villages.

Question 5.
Who is a Sarpanch?
Answer:
A Sarpanch is the President of the Village Panchayat.

Question 6.
Which is the smallest unit of human population?
Answer:
Village.

Question 7.
Name the institution that acts as a link between Village Panchayat and Zila Parishad.
Answer:
Panchayat Samiti.

Question 8.
Give the other name for Zila Parishad.
Answer:
Zila Panchayat.

Question 9.
Where is a Village Panchayat established?
Answer:
A Village Panchayat is established in a village with a population of 500 or more.

Question 10.
How many seats are reserved for women in a Village Panchayat?
Answer:
One-third of the total seats of a Village Panchayat.

Question 11.
How is Sarpanch of a Village Panchayat elected?
Answer:
Sarpanch of a Village Panchayat is elected directly by voters.

Question 12.
Who presides over the meetings of a Village Panchayat?
Answer:
Sarpanch.

Question 13.
Name the government servant who helps a Village Panchayat.
Answer:
Panchayat Secretary.

Question 14.
What are the main sources of income of a Panchayat Samiti?
Answer:
Income from property tax, house tax, water tax and grants and loans from government.

Question 15.
How many Zila Parishads are there in Punjab?
Answer:
20.

Question 16.
How many States and Union Territories are there in India?
Answer:
28 States and 8 Union territories.

Question 17.
Why is Federal form of government established in India?
Answer:
Because administration of such a large country cannot be run only by the central government. That’s why federal form of government is established in our country.

Question 18.
Why is local government necessary?
Answer:
It is necessary at the villages or cities to provide basic amenities of life to the local people at the local level.

Question 19.
What is the term of all the levels of local self¬government?
Answer:
Term of five years is fixed for all the levels of local self-government.

Question 20.
What is meant by the Local Self-Government?
Answer:
A form of Government at local level is known as the Local Self-Government. It is basically formed to solve local problems of e people.

Question 21.
What do you mean by Panchayati Raj System?
Answer:
Panchayati Raj System is the structure of rural local self-government in India.

Question 22.
Name the three institutions of Panchayati Raj.
Answer:
Village Panchayat, Panchayat Samiti or Block Samiti and Zila Parishad are the three institutions of Panchayati Raj.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you know about Panchayat Secretary?
Answer:
Panchayat Secretary is a government servant. He helps the Village Panchayat in its working. He keeps an account of income and expenditure of the Panchayat. He also prepares a report of works of the Panchayat and presents it before the Block Panchayat Officer.

Question 2.
What are the functions performed by a Village Panchayat?
Answer:
A Village Panchayat performs several functions in its area. These functions are discussed below :

A Village Panchayat performs several kinds of public works like sanitation, maintenance of roads, supply of drinking water, maintenance of birth and death records, street lighting and health centre, maintenance of burial and cremation grounds.
It maintains law and order, supervises the functions of government servants and safeguards and maintains public property.
It deals with matters relating to disputes over property and small thefts. It tries to settle the disputes then and there.

Question 3.
Give the sources of income of a Village Panchayat.
Answer:
A Village Panchayat collects money from different sources for the development of its area. It gets money from taxes such as house tax and taxes on shops and fairs. Besides, it collects revenue from its property. It also gets some money in the forms of grants and loans (in case of need) from the State Government.

Question 4.
How is the Sarpanch of a Village Panchayat elected? Discuss any two of his functions.
Answer:
The Sarpanch of a Village Panchayat is elected directly by the voters of the village. In some states, he is elected by the Village Panchayat.

Functions:

The Sarpanch calls the meetings of the Village Panchayat.
He presides over the meetings of the Panchayat.

Question 5.
What is the importance of Village Panchayats?
Answer:
Village Panchayats perform an important role in their areas. They help the villagers in solving their basic problems and fulfill their needs. They also secure the villagers’ participation in the community development.

Question 6.
Discuss the main functions of the Gram Sabha.
Answer:
The main functions of the Gram Sabha are as follows :

The Gram Sabha elects the President (Sarpanch) and the Vice-President (Up-Sarpanch).
It elects members of Nyaya Panchayat.
It approves the annual budget of the Village Panchayat.
It decides policies for the development of its area.
It checks the accounts of Village Panchayat.

Question 7.
What is Federal form of government?
Answer:
In Federal form of government, Central government is there to run the administration of the country and State governments are there to run the administration of the states. Each state is further divided into different districts to run the administration at local level.

Question 8.
Describe three types of institutions of rural local self-government.
Answer:
There are three types of institutions of rural local self-government. At village level, Gram Panchayat is there. Panchayat Samiti is there at block level to check the development activities and other functions of gram panchayats of the block. At district level, Zila Parishad is there to check the activities of block samiti and village panchayats of the district.

Question 9.
Give in brief about reserved seats in rural local self-government.
Answer:
In 1992, 73rd constitutional amendment took place-in which some seats were kept reserved in rural local self- bodies. One third of the total seats (including S.C.’s and S.T.’s) are kept reserved for women. Seats are also kept reserved for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes on the basis of their population in total population of the area.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a Panchayat Samiti? Discuss its functions and sources of income.
Answer:
A Panchayat Samiti is a link between Village Panchayat and Zila Parishad. It is elected for a group of 100 villages. It removes common problems of villages and works for the development of its block.

Functions: The main functions of a Panchayat Samiti are as ws:

It looks after the development of its area.
It provides quality seeds and manure to the farmers.
It encourages small scale industries in villages.
It builds bridges and link roads to join villages.
It provides Primary Health Centres in villages.
It supervises the developmental activities of Panchayats of its block.
It provides required information about Panchayats to Zila Parishad.
The activities which do not fall under the jurisdiction of Village Panchayats are also looked after by the Panchayat Samiti.

Sources of Income: Property tax, house tax, water tax and grants and loans from government are the main sources of income of a Panchayat Samiti.

Question 2.
Discuss the composition, functions and sources of income of a Zila Parishad.
Answer:
Zila Parishad’is also called Zila Panchayat. It is the third and highest institution of the Panchayati Raj System. It controls all Panchayat Samitis and Village Panchayats of the district. It acts as a link between rural local self-government and the State Government.

Composition: All the chairmen of Panchayat Samitis are members of Zila Parishad. Besides, the members of Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, State Legislative Assembly and State Legislative Council of the area are also its members. Seats are also reserved for women, scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in the Zila Parishad.

Members of Zila Parishad elect one Chairman and one Vice-Chairman among themselves.
Term: The normal term of a Zila Parishad is 5 years, but it can be dissolved earlier also.

Functions: Functions of a Zila Parishad are given below :

It advises, helps and co-ordinates the functioning of Panchayats and Panchayat Samitis.
It prepares plans for rural development of the district.
It advises and guides the State Government for the development of the district.
It settles disputes between Panchayats and Panchayat Samitis.

Sources of Income: The main sources of income of a Zila Parishad are grants from the Centre and State governments, a pa of land revenue, income from its property and taxes imposed bT

Question 3.
Write a short note on the changing face of villages in modern times.
Answer:
Our villages suffered from poverty, illiteracy, disease and superstitions before Independence. But the face of our villages has been changing since Independence. Today, in every village we see some progress and development.

Zamindari System has been abolished and the land has been given to the landless farmers.
Agricultural production has increased manifold. Farmers have now begun to use good quality seeds and fertilisers and agricultural machines. Agriculture universities have been set up to improve the condition of agriculture.
Schools and colleges have been opened. Children up to the age of fourteen are being imparted free education. Adult education centres have been established to educate the elderly illiterate citizens. Special facilities have been given to educate the women at village level.
Branches of banks have been opened. Villagers are provided loans at lower rate of interest.
Primary Health Centres have been opened almost in all the villages to provide medical aid to the villagers.
A large number of family planning centres have been opened to help reduce the growing population.
Almost all the villages have been provided with safe drinking water, irrigation facilities and electricity.
Efforts have been made to lay link roads for all villages to join them with the state highways.
Unemployed youths have been provided loans at lower rate of interest to discourage them to migrate to cities in search of employment.
Co-operative farming has been encouraged to improve the economic condition of villages.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 13 The Mauryas and The Sungas

October 11, 2024October 10, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions History Chapter 13 The Mauryas and The Sungas Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 13 The Mauryas and The Sungas

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB The Mauryas and The Sungas Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions :

Question 1.
What do you know about Alexander?
Answer:
Alexander was the son of Emperor Philip of Macedonia. He became the ruler of Macedonia after his father’s death. He desired to conquer the whole world. Therefore, as soon as he was enthroned, he began to conquer the world. For the first two years, he conquered the territories surrounding Macedorfla. Then he started with a large army to conquer Persia. He also conquered Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Afghanistan. In 326 B.C., he invaded India and defeated several kings of the northwest in Punjab up to the river Beas. He first defeated Ambhi, the king of Taxila and then the ruler of the territory between the rivers Jhelum and Chenab, namely Porus. Porus faced Alexander bravely. Soldiers of Alexander got scared of the resistance they received in Punjab. They were also tired of long journey and warfare. Therefore, Alexander had to go back from the Beas. But he was not able to reach his country. On the way he suffered from fever and died.

Question 2.
Write a note about Kautilya.
Answer:
Kautilya is also known as Chanakya. He was a great scholar and teacher at the Taxila University. Chandragupta Maurya considered him as his teacher. It was only with the help of Kautilya that Chandragupta Maurya was able to overthrow the Nanda /nasty and establish the Mauryan Empire. When Chandragupta became the emperor, Kautilya became the Prime Minister of the Mauryan Empire. Kautilya was also a great writer. His book ‘Arthasastra’ tells us about the Mauryan administration.

Question 3.
Why is Ashoka called ‘the great’?
Answer:
Ashoka was the only king in the history of the world who stopped war after victory. Throughout his life he worked for the good of the people. He treated all religions alike. He looked after his subjects as a father cares for his children. Every individual was the most important person of the state. He treated everybody alike and gave money and help to all religions regardless of their beliefs. He discarded caste system. His faith in universal brotherhood of mankind uplifted him and he became a god on earth. Boundaries of any country were not his limit. He adopted Buddhism and sent preachers to preach it to many countries of the world like Sri Lanka, China, Afghanistan and Nepal. He held a vast empire in those ancient times above everything. There was no rebellion against him inspite of his policy of peace and non-violence. He was the first ruler who gave the world the concept of a welfare state and religious tolerance. That is why Ashoka holds an important position in the history of the world and is called ‘the great’.

Question 4.
What do you know about Mauryan art?
Answer:
The Mauryan rulers were lovers of art and they gave an important contribution to the field of art. This contribution of theirs is described as under:

Chandragupta constructed a big palace. This palace was very beautiful and stood erected on several pillars. Ashoka’s palace was also magnificent.
Chandragupta Maurya constructed a big lake, named Sudarshana, in Gujarat.
Ashoka constructed a large number of Stupas. The Stupa of Sanchi in Madhya Pradesh is very famous.
Ashoka built two cities, namely Srinagar and Lalit Patan.
Ashoka got some beautiful caves built in the hills of Barabar and Nagarjuni in Bihar for the monks and Nirgranthas.
Ashoka got constructed huge pillars of sand stone from Chunar. These pillars were 34 feet high. They have a fine polish on them which shines like a mirror. Ashoka got his inscriptions engraved on these pillars.
Ashoka’s pillars had sculptures of animals like bull, elephant, lion, etc. One such sculpture of four lions seated back to back was on the top of the pillar at Samath (Uttar Pradesh). It is our National Emblem now.
Some beautiful sculptures of Yakshas and Yakshis were also made in the Mauryan Age. One such sculpture has been found as Didarganj near Patna. This sculpture is of a Yakshi who w carrying a Chauri (fly-whisk) on her shoulder.

II. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
Alexander’s soldiers got scared of the _________ they received in Punjab.
Answer:
resistance

Question 2.
Chandragupta ruled till _________ B.C.
Answer:
297

Question 3.
Megasthenes was a Greek ambassador of _________
Answer:
Seleucus

Question 4.
Kautilya’s _________ and Megasthenes’s _________ tell us about Mauryan administration.
Answer:
Arthasastra, Indica

Question 5.
In Madhya Pradesh the stupa of _________ is very famous.
Answer:
Sanchi.

III. Write ‘true’ or ‘false’ in the brackets given after each statement :

Question 1.
Seleucus defeated Chandragupta Maurya.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
Ashoka built great pillars of iron.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Mahamatra was officer of Alexander.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Ashoka adopted Buddhism after Kalinga War. Chandragupta constructed Sudarshana Lake.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
In Madhya Pradesh the stupa of . is very famous.
Answer:
True

IV. Match the columns:

Question 1.

A	B
(1) Megasthenes	(a) Arthasastra
(2) Kautilya	(b) Stupa
(3) Sanchi	(c) Minister
(4) Amatya	(d) Indica

Answer:

A	B
(1) Megasthenes	(d) Indica
(2) Kautilya	(a) Arthasastra
(3) Sanchi	(b) Stupa
(4) Amatya	(c) Minister

V. Activity (Something To Do):

Question 1.
Collect pictures of monuments built by Ashoka and paste them in your scrap book.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide The Mauryas and The Sungas Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Dhamma is a word of _________ language.
(A) Prakrit
(B) Hindi
(C) Devnagri
(D) Sanskrit.
Answer:
(A) Prakrit.

Question 2.
Dhamma means _________
(A) Wealth
(B) Dharma
(C) Kingdom
(D) State.
Answer:
(B) Dharma.

Question 3.
People lived in Mauryan Empire were engaged in _________ occupation.
(A) Merchants
(B) Crafts persons
(C) Officials
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 4.
Officials collected _________ from the area under the direct control of the ruler.
(A) Gold
(B) Silver
(C) Taxes
(D) Food grains.
Answer:
(C) Taxes.

Question 5.
Royal princes often went to the provinces as
(A) Governors
(B) Rulers
(C) Generals
(D) Tax collectors.
Answer:
(A) Governors.

Question 6.
The Mauryans rulers tried to control this which was important for transport.
(A) Roads
(B) Rivers
(C) Both a+b
(D) None of these.
Answer:
(C) Both a+b.

Question 7.
People in forested regions provided” the Mauryan officials.
(A) Timber
(B) Wax
(C) Honey
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 8.
Most of the Ashoka inscriptions are in the script.
(A) Brahmi
(B) Devnagri
(C) Gurumukhi
(D) Persian
Answer:
(A) Brahmi.

Question 9.
Which problem Ashoka wanted to solve by introducing dhamma?
(A) Different people followed different religions.
(B) In some religions, animal sacrifice was a ritual.
(C) Most of the masters ill treated their servants and slaves
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 10.
Which of these means was adopted by Ashoka to spread the message of dhamma?
(A) He appointed dhamma mahamatta to spread teachings.
(B) He got his messages inscribed on rocks and pillars.
(C) He sent his messengers to other lands.
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 11.
Who was the Prime Minister of Chandra Gupta Maurya?
(A) Chanakya
(B) Ashoka
(C) Bimbisara
(D) Ajatasatru.
Answer:
(A) Chanakya.

Question 12.
Chanakya wrote
(A) Kamasutra
(B) Arthashastra
(C) Upnishada
(D) Manu Smriti.
Answer:
(B) Arthashastra.

Question 13.
_________ was an ambassador of Selecus Nicator who was sent to the court of Chandragupta Maurya?
(A) Megasthenes
(B) Ashoka
(C) Bimbisara
(D) Chanakya.
Answer:
(A) Megasthenes.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
When did Alexander invade India?
Answer:
Alexander invaded India in 326 B.C.

Question 2.
Who was ruling over the Punjab when Chandragupta Maurya became the king?
Answer:
The Greek General Seleucus Nikator was ruling over the Punjab when Chandragupta Maurya became the king.

Question 3.
What was the extent of the Mauryan Empire under Chandragupta Maurya?
Answer:
Chandragupta Maurya’s empire extended from Afghanistan in the north-west to Karnataka in the south and from Assam in the east to Gujarat in the west.

Question 4.
Name the areas added to the Mauryan Empire by Bindusara.
Answer:
Bindusara added some of the southern parts of India to the Mauryan Empire.

Question 5.
Why were the Nanda kings unpopular?
Answer:
The Nanda kings had collected huge wealth and led a luxurious life. They were not efficient rulers.

Question 6.
Who was Ashoka?
Answer:
Ashoka was the most famous of the Mauryan kings and one of the greatest rulers India has ever had.

Question 7.
Where were Ashoka’s edicts inscribed?
Answer:
Ashoka’s edicts were inscribed on rocks and on tall pillars made of sandstone.

Question 8.
What was the capital city of Ashoka?
Answer:
Patliputra (Patna) was the capital city of Ashoka.

Question 9.
Whom did Ashoka send to Sri Lanka and why?
Answer:
Ashoka sent his son Mahendra and daughter Sanghamitra to Sri Lanka to preach the message of Buddhism.

Question 10.
According to Ashoka, how should a king treat his subjects?
Answer:
According to Ashoka, a king should treat his subjects as a father treats his children.

Question 11.
Name some of the officers of the Mauryan administration.
Answer:
Some of the officers of the Mauryan administration were Rajuka, Mahamatra, Yukta, etc.

Question 12.
Name the great centres of learning during the Mauryan rule.
Answer:
Taxila, Patliputra and Varanasi were the great centres of learning during the Mauryan rule.

Question 13.
How much was land revenue on agriculture levied during the Mauryan rule?
Answer:
The land revenue on agriculture was generally 1/6th of the produce.

Question 14.
Who constructed Sudarshana Lake,’and where?
Answer:
Chandragupta Maurya constructed Sudarshana Lake in Gujarat.

Question 15.
When did the Mauryan Empire start breaking up?
Answer:
The Mauryan Empire started breaking up after the death of Ashoka.

Question 16.
Who was Alexandar?
Answer:
Alexander was a great Greek conqueror from Macedonia. He invaded India in 326 B.C. and defeated Porus. On his way back to Greece, he died midway.

Question 17.
Who was Chanakya?
Answer:
Chanakya was the Prime Minister and advisor of Chandragupta Maurya. He was a great teacher and scholar who wrote a book called Arthasastra.

Question 18.
What is meant by Dhamma?
Answer:
Dhamma was a code of morality given by Ashoka for his people to lead virtuous and peaceful life.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What role did Chanakya play in the formation of the Mauryan Empire?
Answer:
Chanakya played the most significant role in the formation of the Mauryan Empire. Without his help and guidance it would not have been possible to establish the mighty Mauryan Empire by Chandragupta Maurya. Once the Nanda king insulted Chanakya. Chanakya left his empire and took a vow to take revenge from him. Due to this reason he helped Chandragupta in establishing the Mauryan Empire.

Question 2.
What do you know about Arthasastra?
Answer:
Arthasastra is a famous book written by Kautilya. In this book, Kautilya explains how a good government should be organised. It gives vital elements of good administration. It gives detailed instructions on the control of the state, the organisation of national economy and the conduct of war. It is a very precious source of information about many aspects of ancient Indian life.

Question 3.
What is Indica?
Answer:
Indica is a book written by Megasthenes, the Greek Ambassador of Seleucus Nikator who lived in the court of Chandragupta Maurya for five years. In this book, Megasthenes describes the social, economic and political conditions of India during Chandragupta Maurya’s reign.

Question 4.
What was Ashoka’s Dhamma?
Answer:
Dhamma is the Prakrit form of the Sanskrit word Dharma, meaning religion. It included the best in every religion. It was a set of moral principles, such as :

One should respect one’s elders.
Proper treatment should be given to youngsters.
One should not slaughter animals and should observe ahimsa (non-violence).
One should practise tolerance and respect other religions.
One should observe truthfulness.
One should lead a pure life, etc.

Question 5.
What did Ashoka do to spread his ideas about Dhamma?
Answer:
Ashoka took the following steps to spread his ideas about Dhamma :

He himself lived an ideal life and set an example before his people.
He inscribed his ideas on rocks and pillars in all corners of his empire.
He used Prakrit, the common language of the people, in his edicts.
He appointed Dharmamahamatras to persuade the people to live according to his ideals of the Dhamma.
He sent monks to preach Buddhism in other countries. Even his own son Mahendra and his daughter Sanghamitra went to Sri Lanka.

Question 6.
From where have we got the design of our National Emblem?
Answer:
We have got the design of our National Emblem from the pillar at Sarnath. It was made by Ashoka and had four lions carved on the top. When India became independent in 1947, it was decided to use this design of four lions as the National Emblem of India.

Question 7.
Write a note about the Sungas.
Answer:
The Sunga dynasty was founded by Pushyamitra Sunga in 184 B.C. Pushyamitra Sunga was the commander-in-chief of the Mauryan army. He murdered the last Mauryan king Brihadratha and himself became the king. He was a powerful ruler and made several conquests. He s6nt his grandson Vasumitra to fight with the Greek invader Menander. Vasumitra defeated the invader on the banks of the river Indus. Pushyamitra performed two horse- sacrifices. He built -the Stupa of Bharhut in Madhya Pradesh. After Pushyamitra his son Agnimitra became the king. The Sunga dynasty collapsed soon after the Scythians, Parthians and Kushanas began to invade India.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the Mauryan administration.
Answer:
The Mauryan administration was a very well organised and vast system.
1. The King: The king was the head of the state and very powerful. He led his army in war, imparted justice, looked after the welfare of his people and levied taxes.

2. Council of Ministers: The king had council of ministers to help him. The ministers were known as mantris or Amatyas.

3. Officers: There were high officers like the crown prince, treasurer, collector-general of taxes, accountant-general and several directors of separate departments like forests, mines, foreign travellers, etc.

4. Provinces: The empire was divided into provinces and generally royal princes were appointed their governors. There were several officers like Rajuka, Mahamatra, Yukta, etc. in provinces.

5. Army: The Mauryan army was very strong and comprised of infantry, horses, elephants and chariots. It had naval force also.

6. Spy System: The spy system of the Mauryas was also very strong. Spies were sent to get the news of enemies and to keep an eye on people’s activities.

Question 2.
What were the causes of the decline of the Mauryan Empire?
Answer:
The Mauryan Empire lasted a little over a hundred years and after the death of Ashoka, it began to break up. Several causes were responsible for the decline of this great empire.

These causes were as follows:

The successors of Ashoka were weak and incapable. They became careless and could not control such a big empire like that of the Mauryan mighty rulers like Chandragupta, Bindusara, and Ashoka.
Due to weak administration, the officers became corrupt and autocratic. The income of the state was badly affected. It became difficult to maintain a strong and large army.
Due to an unstable Government, the Mauryan Empire broke into pieces.
The network of roads was neglected. This disrupted trade and contact between regions. The large army could not be maintained without the regular flow of revenue.
The Greek rulers invaded Punjab and further weakened the decaying administration of the Mauryas.
Pushyamitra Sunga murdered the last Mauryan king Brihadratha and became the ruler of Patliputra.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 The Vedic Age

October 8, 2024October 7, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions History Chapter 11 The Vedic Age Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 11 The Vedic Age

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB The Vedic Age Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 1.
Write five sentences about the political life of the Early Vedic Age.
Answer:
There were several tribal states in the early Vedic Age. These states often fought with each other. Each state had its own king who was generally selected for his strength and bravery. But later on, the kingship became hereditary. The king ruled according to the wishes of the tribe and he had various persons to assist him. The king’s duty was to protect the tribe. There were two important assemblies, namely Sabha and Samiti, with which the king discussed very important matters.

Question 2.
Which gods were worshipped by the Vedic people?
Answer:
The Vedic people worshipped gods of nature. Their main gods were Indra, Agni, Varuna, Soma, Prithvi, Surya, Pushan, Vishnu and Ashvins.

Question 3.
What do you know about the social life of the Vedic Age?
Answer:
The important points in the social life of the Vedic Age were as follows :
1. Varna System: The society was divided into four varnas. These varnas were Brahamanas, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas and fourth Varna. The varnas were based on occupation.

Brahmanas: The Brahamanas formed the intellectual class. They were devoted to study, teaching and religious affairs.
Kshatriyas: The Kshatriyas were the warrior class.
Vaisyas: Peasants and traders were included in the Vaishyas.
Slave class: Fourth Varna belonged to the slave class.

2. Family: Family consisted of father, mother, sisters and brothers. Joint family system was prevalent. Father headed the family. Each family wanted to have a son.

3. Position of Women: Women were given a great respect in society. They were educated and had the right to marry by their own choice. They participated in all social and religious ceremonies.

4. Food: The food of the Vedic people was simple but nourishing. Wheat, rice, pulses, fruit, vegetables, milk, butter and ghee were their main food items. Some people consumed non-vegetarian food also. They also consumed intoxicating items like Soma.

5. Dress and Ornaments: People wore turban, banian, shirt, dhoti, etc. Both men and women were fond of ornaments.

6. Means of Recreation: Hunting, chariot-races, horse-riding, dancing and singing, -gambling, etc. were the major means of recreation of people of the Vedic Age.

Question 4.
What were the economic activities of the Vedic people?
Answer:
Agriculture, cattle-rearing, workmanship and trade were the major economic activities of the Vedic people :
1. Agriculture: The Vedic people grew wheat, barley, cotton, rice, pulses, vegetables, etc. Fields were ploughed with the help of oxen.

2. Cattle-rearing: The Vedic people reared cow, horse, sheep, goat, ox, etc. Cow was held sacred and cow-slaughter was prohibited.

3. Workmanship: Iron-smiths, carpenters, chariot-makers, weavers, potters, etc. were the major workmen of the Vedic Age. People depended on them for their daily needs.

4. Trade: Trade was carried on both by land routes and by boats and ships in rivers and seas.

Question 5.
Which rivers flowed in the land of Saptasindhu?
Answer:
Saptasindhu stands for the land of seven rivers. Punjab was known as the land of Saptasindhu in the Vedic Age. The rivers forming this land included the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, Satluj and Sarasvati.

II. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
There were several small ________ in the early Vedic period.
Answer:
tribal states

Question 2.
The society was divided into four divisions, called the ________
Answer:
varnas

Question 3.
The main food items of the Vedic people were ________
Answer:
wheat and rice, pulses

Question 4.
The Vedic people were fond of ________
Answer:
outdoor games

Question 5.
The Vedic people worshipped ________
Answer:
nature.

III. Match the columns :

Question 1.

A	B
(i) Vipasa	(a) Political body
(ii) Sabha	(b) Branch of Science
(iii) Ayurveda	(c) A god
(iv) Varuna	(d) A river

Answer:
Correct columns :

A	B
(i) Vipasa	(d) A river
(ii) Sabha	(a) Political body
(iii) Ayurveda	(b) Branch of Science
(iv) Varuna	(c) A god

IV. Write ‘true’ or ‘false’ in the brackets given after each statement :

Question 1.
Parushni is the name of a river.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Indra was the Vedic God of rain.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Cow was not sacred to Vedic people.
Answer:
False.

Question 4.
Women were not respected in Vedic Age.
Answer:
False.

V. Activities (Something To Do) :

Question 1.
Make a list of the Vedic people’s gods that are worshipped even today.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 2.
Collect a few hymns from the Vedas.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide The Vedic Age Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Which of these is the oldest Hindu religious book?
(A) Vedas
(B) Ramayana
(C) Mahabharata
(D) Manu Smriti.
Answer:
(A) Vedas.

Question 2.
How many Vedas are there?
(A) Two
(B) Three
(C) Four
(D) Five.
Answer:
(C) Four.

Question 3.
Which of these is the oldest Veda?
(A) Rigveda
(B) Yajurveda
(C) Atharvaveda
(D) Samveda.
Answer:
(A) Rigveda.

Question 4.
________were yoked to chariots.
(A) Bulls
(B) Horses
(C) Dogs
(D) Cows.
Answer:
(B) Horses.

Question 5.
Beginning of the composition of the vedas dated back to around years ago.
(A) 3500
(B) 1500
(C) 2500
(D) 500.
Answer:
(A) 3500.

Question 6.
________ were used for all types of work.
(A) Women
(B) Slaves
(C) Men
(D) Children.
Answer:
(B) Slaves.

Question 7.
Megaliths were found in
(A) South India
(B) North-East India
(C) Kashmir
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 8.
What was included in the offerings made’ in Yajnas.
(A) Ghee
(B) Grain
(C) Animals
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 9.
Why were battles fought?
(A) to capture cattles, land
(B) on the issue of water
(C) to capture people to make them slaves
(D) all of these.
Answer:
(D) all of these.

Question 10.
Who was Charaka?
(A) Famous ancient Indian physician
(B) Ancient King
(C) Famous ancient Indian mathematician
(D) Famous astrologer.
Answer:
(A) Famous ancient Indian physician.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How do you come to know about the Vedic Civilization? .
Answer:
We come to know about the Vedic Civilization from the hymns and the poems and the stories which were composed during the Vedic Age.

Question 2.
Why is the Aryan period known as the Vedic Age?
Answer:
The Aryan period is known as the Vedic Age because the four Vedas were composed in this period.

Question 3.
What was the language of the Aryans?
Answer:
The language of the Aryans was Sanskrit.

Question 4.
Name the river on the banks of which the Vedas were written.
Answer:
The Sarasvati.

Question 5.
What did the Aryans do to please their gods?
Answer:
To please their gods, the Aryans performed yajnas.

Question 6.
In which part of India did the Aryans settle first?
Answer:
The Aryans at first settled in Punjab.

Question 7.
Make a list of the Vedic people’s gods who are worshipped even today.
Answer:
The Vedic people’s gods who are worshipped even today are Indra, Agni, Surya, etc.

Question 8.
Name the smallest unit of the Aryan society.
Answer:
Family.

Question 9.
Who was Senani?
Answer:
Senani was the commander of the warriors who assisted the king during a war.

Question 10.
What is Ashwamedha?
Answer:
Ashwamedha was a yajna performed by releasing a horse and claiming the land wherever it roamed.

Question 11.
Name the officers who assisted the king during the Early Vedic Age.
Answer:
The officers who assisted the king during the Early Vedic Age were Purohita, Senani, Gramini and others.

Question 12.
What was Sabha?
Answer:
Sabha was a smaller assembly of selected people of the village.

Question 13.
What was Samiti?
Answer:
Samiti was the assembly of whole village community. In this assembly anyone could speak his mind about any problem.

Question 14.
What are Upanishads?
Answer:
Upanishads are parts of the Vedas.

Question 15.
Name all four Vedas. Which of these is the oldest?
Answer:
The Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda and the Atharvaveda are the four Vedas. The Rigveda is the oldest Veda out of all four Vedas.

Question 16.
What is meant by Arya?
Answer:
The meaning of Arya is ‘noble’. It means an educated and well mannered person.

Question 17.
Who were Rajan and Samrat?
Answer:
Head of the State was king and was generally succeeded by his son. He was known as Rajan and the more powerful kings were known as Samrat.

Question 18.
What was Soma and Sura?
Answer:
People consumed a drink on special occasions which v is known as Soma. But few people also consumed alcoholic liquor which was known as Sura.

Question 19.
Why was consumption of Sura condemned?
Answer:
Sura was a alcoholic liquor whose consumption was considered as bad. That’s why its consumption was condemned.

Question 20.
What do you mean by the Epics?
Answer:
The Epics are the poems narrating continuously great events of one or more heroes, about their bravery and the battle which they fought.

Question 21.
Who were the Aryans?
Answer:
The people of the Vedic Civilization are known as the Aryans. They came to India from Central Asia or North-Eastern Iran.

Question 22.
What is meant by Vish and Jana?
Answer:
The meaning of Vish was a clan which was a group of families. The people of the tribe were called Jana.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What were the religious beliefs and practice’s of the Vedic people?
Answer:
The religious beliefs and practices of the Vedic people were simple. They worshipped all forms of nature. They worshipped sun, moon, sky, rain, air, fire and trees like peepal and animals like cow. They did not make temples or statues of their gods and goddesses. They sang songs in their praise in the open. They performed yajnas to please their gods. Hymns were sung at the time of yajnas.

Question 2.
Name the rivers the mention of which is found in the Rigveda.
Answer:
The mention of the rivers like the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, Satluj, Sarasvati, Yamuna and Ganga is found in the Rigveda. The Sarasvati was the most sacred river in the Vedic Age. The Punjab was known as Saptasindhu or the ‘Land of Seven Rivers’ after these rivers.

Question 3.
Describe the science and technology in the Vedic Civilization.
Answer:
Science and technology flourished during the Vedic Age. Mathematics and its branches like algebra, geometry and trigonometry were highly advanced. Astronomy and astrology were also well known. The Vedic people could calculate the movement of planets, occurrence of the eclipses of the sun and the moon and rotation of the earth on its axis and around the sun. The medical sciences were called Ayurveda and were fairly advanced.

Question 4.
Write few lines about ‘Rigveda’.
Answer:
The Rigveda is a collection of hymns in praise of nature god. It is the oldest book in the world. The Rigveda was not written by a single or one person but its hymns were written by a number of scholars, i.e. Rishis, over a long period of time and were included in it.

Question 5.
What is Vedic Literature?
Answer:
A number of books were written after the Vedas during a long period of time. Some of them explain the rituals mentioned in the Vedas, some of them are commentaries on the Vedas and few others are works of philosophy of religion. They are known as the Brahmans, Aranyakas, Upanishads and the Sutras. Together or collectively they are known as the Vedic Literature because they were composed during the long time of Vedic period.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Describe the administrative set up of the Vedic Age.
Answer:
Society in the Vedic Age was divided into tribes and each tribe had settled in a particular region. Each tribe heeded a leader or head who would defend it from aggression by other tribes.

These tribes fought over grasslands where their animal herds would graze.

King: King was the head of the tribal state. He ruled according to the wishes of the tribe. He was normally succeeded by his son. He was assisted by a number of persons.
Senani: Senani was the commander-in-chief of the king’s army.
Purohita: Purohita was the priest who performed the religious ceremonies for the king and advised him on various matters.
Sabha and Samiti: Sabha and Samiti were the two most important assemblies where the king consulted the members of tribes to take a final decision.
Gramini: Gramini was the head of the village. The king also consulted the Gramini.
Messengers: There were messengers through whom the king made contact with his tribesmen.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization

October 7, 2024October 6, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions History Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB Early Man: The Stone Age Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 1.
Name some important cities of the Harappan Civilization.
Answer:
Some important cities of the Harappan Civilization were Harappa, Mohenjodaro, Lothal, Kalibangan, Banawali, etc.

Question 2.
What do you know about the social life of the Indus Valley people?
Answer:
The social life of the Indus Valley people was highly developed. The people ate wheat, barley, rice, pulses, fruits, vegetables, and drank milk. They also ate meat and fish. Both cotton and woollen clothes were worn. The women wore a long skirt and blouse, the skirt being held at the waist by a girdle. The men wrapped long pieces of cloth around themselves. Both men and women were fond of fashion and wearing ornaments. Rich people wore gold, silver and precious stones whereas the poor people wore jewellery made of bones, terracotta and semi-precious beads.

People were fond of games. Dancing and singing, playing of dice and chess, hunting, etc. were the main sources of amusement. For the children, there were toys made of clay.

Question 3.
Write a note on the town planning of the Indus Civilization.
Answer:
The town planning of the Indus Civilization was remarkable. The cities were usually divided into two parts. The upper part built on raised platforms was the citadel. It included the public buildings, the granaries, the more important workshops and the religious buildings. The lower part was inhabited by common people. If the city was attacked or threatened by floods, the inhabitants of the lower city found refuge in the citadel. The cities had wide and straight roads and streets that intersected at right angles. The drainage system was quite good that helped in the cleanliness of cities.

Question 4.
What were the causes of the decline of the Harappan Civilization?
Answer:
The Harappan Civilization lasted for about a thousand years. By 1500 B.C., when the Aryans began to arrive in India, the Harappan Civilization had collapsed. Nothing can be said in certain how this civilization declined.

Various scholars have mentioned different reasons for the decline of the Harappan Civilization.

The Aryans waged a war against the people of the Harappan Civilization and defeated them. Consequently, the Harappan Civilization was ruined. But this view is not supported these days.
Regular floods in the river Indus and its tributaries destroyed this civilization.
About 1900 B.C. the river Sarasvati got dried and the Harappan people moved towards east in the Ganga plain.
Earthquakes or an epidemic destroyed this civilization.
The climate began to change and the region became more and more dry, like a desert. It resulted in unproductivity of the land.

Question 5.
What were the economic activities of the Indus Valley Civilization people?
Answer:
The Indus people led a prosperous economic life. Agriculture was the main occupation of the people. Plenty of wheat, barley and cotton were grown. Animals like sheep, bulls, cows, pigs, camels and elephants were reared. People living in cities were traders. They had good trade contacts with foreign lands like Mesopotamia. Pottery and brick-making were important industries. Metal workers made tools and implements. Women were engaged in spinning and weaving.

Question 6.
Write about any two centres of Harappan Civilisation in Punjab.
Answer:
1. Sanghol: Sanghol is situated in the Ludhiana district. This town was excavated in 1968 A.D. by S.S. Talwar and R.S. Bist. A number of statues and utensils of Indus valley have been found here. This centre had a big trench which always remained full with water.

2. Sunat: This site is also situated in Ludhiana district. It was excavated in 1983-84 A.D. The remains found here give us good information about the last period of Harappan Civilization.

II. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
Harappan civilization was about ________ times bigger than the Egyptian civilization.
Answer:
20

Question 2.
In Punjab, ________, ________, ________ and ________ yielded remains of this civilization.
Answer:
Sanghol, Rohira, Surat, Kotla Nihang Khan

Question 3.
Houses were made of ________ and ________
Answer:
baked bricks, wood

Question 4.
A large ________ hall has been discovered at Mohenjodaro.
Answer:
pillared

Question 5.
Men and women were fond of jewellery and ________
Answer:
other fashions

Question 6.
The people worshipped ________
Answer:
Mother Goddess

Question 7.
The Peepal tree was considered ________
Answer:
sacred.

III. Match the columns :

Question 1.

A	B
(i) Pasupati	(a) Port city
(ii) Mohenjodaro	(b) Writing
(iii) Lothal	(c) God
(iv) Pictograph	(d) Great Bath

Answer:
Correct columns:

A	B
(i) Pasupati	(c) God
(ii) Mohenjodaro	(d) Great Bath
(iii) Lothal	(a) Port city
(iv) Pictograph	(b) Writing

IV. Write ‘true’ or ‘false’ in the brackets given after each statement:

Question 1.
Ropar (Roopnagar) is located in Pakistan.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
Mother Goddess was not worshipped by the Harappan people.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Punjab has no remains of the Indus Civilization.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
The Indus people did not know the art of writing.
Answer:
False

V. Activities (Something To Do) :

Question 1.
Visit the museum and see the excavated articles of the Harappan civilization.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 2.
On a map of India mark the cities of the Harappan civilization.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 3.
Draw sketches of the seals and the jewellery of the Harappan people and display them in your class.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide The Harappan Civilization Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Name some special buildings which were constructed on the citadel.
(A) The Great Bath
(B) Fire altars
(C) Elaborate Store houses
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 2.
Which of these materials is used to make things found by archaeologists in Harappan cities?
(A) Stone
(B) Metal
(C) Shell
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 3.
Which of these metals was used in Harappan civilisation?
(A) Gold
(B) Copper
(C) Silver
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 4.
The weights were generally made of ________
(A) Chert
(B) Silver
(C) Gold
(D) Stone.
Answer:
(A) Chert.

Question 5.
The Harappan also made seals out of ________
(A) Gold
(B) Silver
(C) Stone
(D) Chert.
Answer:
(C) Stone.

Question 6.
Gold and silver were used to make ornaments and
(A) vessels
(B) chariots
(C) weights
(D) none of these.
Answer:
(A) vessels.

Question 7.
________ was a very special tank found in Mohenjodaro.
(A) The Great Bath
(B) Fire altars
(C) Elaborate storehouses
(D) None of these.
Answer:
(A) The Great Bath.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the Indians who started excavations in Harappa for the first time. When did they excavate?
Answer:
The Indians who started excavations in Harappa for the first time were Daya Ram Sahni and R.D. Banerjee. They excavated in 1921-22 A.D.

Question 2.
What was found at Lothal (Gujarat)?
Answer:
The ruins of a port were found at Lothal (Gujarat).

Question 3.
Which pictures were mostly depicted on seals found out during excavations?
Answer:
The pictures of animals, birds, trees and gods and goddesses were depicted on seals.

Question 4.
Which was the oldest city discovered in India?
Answer:
The oldest city discovered in India was Mohenjodaro. Now it is in Pakistan.

Question 5.
Name the people with whom the Harappans had trading contacts.
Answer:
The Harappans had trading contacts with the Sumerians.

Question 6.
Which was the centre of foreign trade in India during the Harappan Civilization?
Answer:
Lothal (Gujarat) was the main centre of foreign trade in India during the Harappan Civilization.

Question 7.
Name the script used by the Harappan people. Has it been deciphered by now?
Answer:
The Harappan people used the pictographic script. This script has not yet been deciphered.

Question 8.
Which metals did the Harappan people use?
Answer:
The Harappan people used copper, bronze, lead, tin, silver and gold.

Question 9.
Name a tree which the Harappan people treated as sacred.
Answer:
Peepal.

Question 10.
Which crops were widely grown during the Harappan Civilization?
Answer:
Wheat and barley were widely grown during the Harappan Civilization.

Question 11.
When did the Harappan Civilization come to light?
Answer:
Harappan civilization came to light with the Harappan discovery located in Montgomery district of Punjab and Mohenjodaro in the Larkana district of Sind in 1921-22.

Question 12.
Why was a large pillared hall used at Mohenjodaro?
Answer:
Large pillared hall was probably used for public meetings or for some religious purpose.

Question 13.
Which ornaments were used by the Harappan people?
Answer:
Harappan women wore necklaces, bangles, ear-rings, etc. and men wore earrings, bracelets and pendants.

Question 14.
Which were the favourite pastime games of the Harappan people?
Answer:
Harappan people were fond of both outdoor and indoor games. Playing of dice and chess, dancing, racing, hunting etc. were some of their favourite pastimes.

Question 15.
Which Gods and Goddesses were worshiped by the Harappan. people?
Answer:
Harappan people worshiped Mother Goddess. They also worshiped, Pasupati the another name of God Siva. He was also worshiped in the form of Sivalinga.

Question 16.
When Indus Valley Civilization came to an end?
Answer:
Around 1500 B.C., Indus Valley Civilization came to an end.

Question 17.
What was Granary?
Answer:
In the citadel at Harappa, the most impressive buildings were the granaries. These buildings were neatly laid out in rectangles and in them grain was stored.

Question 18.
What was the Great Bath?
Answer:
The best known building in the Mohenjodaro citadel was the Great Bath. It was 39 feet long, 23 feet broad and 8 feet deep.

Question 19.
What is meant by Pictographs?
Answer:
The Harappan people knew how to write apd their language was written in picture like signs, called pictographs.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why is the Harappan Civilization also called the .Indus Valley Civilization?
Answer:
The cities of Harappa and Mohenjodaro were discovered in the Indus Valley. Some other sites sharing the same culture were found in the Indus Valley. That is why the Harappan Civilization is also called the Indus Valley Civilization.

Question 2.
Describe the buildings of the Harappan Civilization.
Answer:
The buildings of the Harappan Civilization were built of baked bricks. The walls were plastered and coloured. The roofs were flat. The buildings had a few windows and plenty of doors. In the building, there was a courtyard. Some buildings had their own wells. Every building had its own bathroom and kitchen.

Question 3.
What do you know about the roads and streets of the Harappan Civilization?
Answer:
The roads and streets of the Harappan Civilization were well planned. They were wide. They ran straight and intersected one another at right angles. The houses were built on both sides of streets.

Question 4.
Describe the Great Bath of Mohenjodaro.
Answer:
The Great Bath is the most remarkable structure found in Mohenjodaro. It was a common bathing place. It had galleries all around. There were many rooms on either side, for changing dress. On one side, there were steps leading into the bath. Arrangements were made to drain the used water through a network of the drainage system.

The Great Bath at Mohenjodaro

Question 5.
Discuss the religion of the Harappan people.
Answer:
We cannot give any definite opinion about the religion of the Harappan people. No temples or houses of worship could be traced from the ruins so far. The female terracotta figurines discovered from various sites indicate that people worshipped Mother Goddess. Some seals bearing the picture of Pasupati (God Shiva) have been found. He was also worshipped in the form of Sivalinga. The Harappan people also worshipped bull and peepal tree.

Question 6.
Which were the main centres of the world’s earliest civilizations?
Answer:
There were four main centres of the world’s earliest civilization and these were :

The Valley of river Nile (Egypt)
The Valley of rivers Tigris and Euphrates (Mesopotamia)
The Valley of river Indus (Indus Valley)
The Valley of rivers Hwang-Ho and Yangtse Kiang.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Describe the centres of the Harappan Civilization in Punjab.
Answer:
During excavations, the Archaeological Department of Punjab has discovered several places in Punjab which belong to the Harappan Civilization.

A brief account of these centres is as follows :
1. Sanghol: Sanghol is situated in District Ludhiana. The town was excavated in 1968 A.D. by S.S. Talwar and R.S. Bist There have been found many utensils and statues of the Harappan Civilization. This centre had a big trench which always remained full with water. It was built so that the city could be protected from enemies.

2. Rohira: Rohira, is situated in Sangrur District. This place was excavated in 1976-1977 A.D. There found the utensils, bricks, and toys made of clay, etc. It looks like that the Harappan Civilization and the Rohira Civilization had been contemporary to each other.

3. Sunat: Sunat is situated in Ludhiana District. It was excavated in 1983-84 A.D. The remains found at Sunat give us great information about the last period of the Harappan Civilization.

4. Kotla Nihang Khan: Kotla Nihang Khan is situated in District Ropar. It was discovered in 1953 A.D. by Y.D. Sharma The utensils, tools, and ornaments found here are very much similar to those found in the Harappan Civilization.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 9 Early Man: The Stone Age

October 5, 2024October 4, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions History Chapter 9 Early Man: The Stone Age Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 9 Early Man: The Stone Age

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB Early Man: The Stone Age Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions :

Question 1.
What do you know about the Old Stone Age?
Answer:
The Old Stone Age is the period when man was a hunter-gatherer. In this age, man’s life depended upon natural objects. He did not know about fire, so he used to eat the fruit of the trees and the flesh of animals. In order to protect himself from wild animals, he moved in groups and at night he took shelter on trees or in caves and rock shelters. He went about naked, but sometimes he wore skins of animals and leaves or bark of trees, to protect himself from extreme heat or cold. For hunting animals; he used stone weapons or branches of trees.

Early Man

Question 2.
Write five important characteristics about the Neolithic Age.
Answer:
The third and the last phase of Stone Age is known as the Neolithic Age. Five important things about this age are as ahead :

Man began to live at one place permanently. He had started growing and cooking food.
Man’s implements had become more refined. They were sharp and lighter in weight, that made them more effective.
Man learnt to make vessels of clay to store his food and also to cook it.
Man learnt to express his artistic instincts by drawing figures on the walls of caves and rock-shelters where he lived.
Man learnt to make beads of various semi-precious stones, terracotta, ivory, etc., and used them as jewellery.

Question 3.
What do you know about the Mesolithic Age?
Answer:
The Mesolithic Age began after the Palaeolithic Age. During this period man’s life improved a bit. He learnt several new things. In place of crude pieces of broken stone, he started making stone- weapons such as axes, spears and cleavers, which were pointed and chiseled. He tied them to long sticks of wood. He also learnt that certain types of food-grains could be stored for a long time. Therefore, he began to gather food-grains. Except these, the caves and rock- shelters, he came to know how to build small huts of reed, wood and leaves. Consequently, man began to lead a settled life in villages.

Question 4.
How did the invention of wheel help man?
Answer:
The invention of wheel led to a big advance in the pattern of living of man. It made life very much easier and comfortable. With the help of wheel, man was able to make wheeled-carts, which could be drawn by animals. It made travel and transport easier. It improved the making of pottery.

Invention of Wheel

Question 5.
Write a note on cave paintings.
Answer:
While living in caves and rock-shelters, early man used to draw figures of human beings, animals and hunting scenes on the walls with the help of pointed stones and pigments. These figures were usually line drawings but sometimes he coloured such figures with the help of a bamboo brush. These rock-drawings have been discovered at several places in India and other parts of the world. The cave-paintings of Bhimbaithaka, near Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh, are worth seeing, in which people are seen dancing. It shows that dancing was a major source of entertainment in the Stone Age and people danced in groups.

II. Match the columns :

Question 1.

A	B
(i) Paleolithic	(a) Caveman
(ii) Mesolithic Age	(b) Cave paintings
(iii) Bhimbaithaka	(c) Old Stone Age
(iv) Hunter-gatherer	(d) Middle Stone Age

Answer:
Correct columns :

A	B
(i) Paleolithic	(a) Caveman
(ii) Mesolithic Age	(d) Middle Stone Age
(iii) Bhimbaithaka	(b) Cave paintings
(iv) Hunter-gatherer	(c) Old Stone Age

III. Write ‘true’ or ‘falses in the brackets given after each

Question 1.
Visit a museum and see the implements used by early man.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 2.
Cut out diagrams of early man’s tools from an old history book and paste in your scrap book. ‘
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide Early Man: The Stone Age Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
__________ is the place where the remains of tools, pots, buildings etc. were found.
(A) Site
(B) Factory
(C) Habitation
(D) Inscription.
Answer:
(A) Site.

Question 2.
__________ are places where people lived including cave and rock shelters.
(A) Site
(B) Habitation
(C) Palace
(D) Factory.
Answer:
(B) Habitation.

Question 3.
__________ was the place where people made tools.
(A) Site
(B) Habitation
(C) Factory
(D) Palace.
Answer:
(C) Factory.

Question 4.
The Mesolithic period was years ago.
(A) 12000-10,000
(B) 8,000-10,000
(C) 6,000-8,000
(D) 4,000-6,000.
Answer:
(A) 12,000-10,000.

Question 5.
The beginning of the Neolithic age __________
(A) 8, 000 years ago
(B) 10,000 years ago
(C) 6,000 years ago
(D) 4,000 years ago.
Answer:
(B) 10,000 years ago.

Question 6.
Early people painted on the of caves.
(A) walls
(B) roof
(C) floor
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(A) walls.

Question 7.
Tools in Hunsgi were made of.
(A) metal
(B) bone
(C) limestone
(D) stone.
Answer:
(C) limestone.

Question 8.
Which of these qualities are required to hunt animals?
(A) Alert
(B) Quick
(C) Presence of mind
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 9.
In which period were Ostriches found in India?
(A) Palaeolithic
(B) Mesolithic
(C) Stone
(D) Microlithic.
Answer:
(A) Palaeolithic.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
When did the man come on the earth?
Answer:
The man came on the earth about four million years ago.

Question 2.
What was the food of early man?
Answer:
The food of early man consisted of fruits, berries and flesh of animals.

Question 3.
What type of clothes did early man wear?
Answer:
Early man used skins of animals, bark of trees and large leaves as clothes.

Question 4.
Name a few implements of early man.
Answer:
Early man’s implements were made mostly of stone. These included crude axes, cleavers, spears, choppers, scrapers, etc.

Question 5.
What is a flint stone?
Answer:
A flint stone is a stone that produces sparks and fire.

Question 6.
What was the first mechanical device learnt by man?
Answer:
The use of solid logs as wheels was probably the first mechanical device learnt by man.

Question 7.
When did the settled life of early man become possible?
Answer:
The settled life of early man became possible when he learnt to produce food.

Question 8.
How did early man express his artistic instincts?
Answer:
Early man expressed his artistic instincts by drawing figures on the walls of caves and rock-shelters where he lived.

Question 9.
What is Bhimbaithaka?
Answer:
Bhimbaithaka is a place near Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh where rock-drawings of early man have been discovered.

Question 10.
What were ornaments of early man-made of?
Answer:
Ornaments of early man were made of semi-precious stones, terracotta, ivory, etc.

Question 11.
What is the literal meaning of the word ‘Paleolithic’?
Answer:
The word Paleolithic is made up of two Greek words- Palaeo and lithic. The meaning of Palaeo is old and the meaning of lithic is stone. So the literal meaning of Paleolithic is- old stone.

Question 12.
What is New Stone Age?
Answer:
New stone age was the period of history when early man domesticated animals and learnt the use of polished stone tools. It is also known as Neolithic period.

Question 13.
Which discoveries helped early man to lead a settled life?
Answer:
Beginning of agriculture, the taming of animals, discovery of metals and discovery of wheel were the discoveries that helped early man to lead a settled life.

Question 14.
Who is a Food-gatherer?
Answer:
Food-gatherer is a person who wanders from place to place in search of food. Man in Early Stone Age was a food-gatherer.

Question 15.
Who is a Food-producer?
Answer:
Food-producer is a person who produces plants and crops to meet his food requirements. In Neolithic period, man became food producer from food-gatherer.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why is early man called a wanderer?
Answer:
Early man did not know how to grow food. He ate fruit of trees and hunted whatever animals he could. So when he had eaten all that he could find in a certain place, he had to move on to some other places in search of food. That is why he is called a wanderer.

Question 2.
How had early man to defend himself from wild animals?
Answer:
Early man had to defend himself from wild animals either by hiding in caves and trees or by using his crude weapons against them and killing them. But the best mean of defence against animals was fire.

Question 3.
Why did early man start living at one place?
Answer:
It was the discovery of agriculture that made possible for early man to live at one place. Now he did not have to wander from place to place in search of food. He stopped being a nomad and settled down at one place as an agriculturist.

Question 4.
How was fire discovered?
Answer:
The striking together of two pieces of stone called ‘flint produced spark. When it touched dry leaves and twigs, it burst into a flame. This is how the fire was discovered.

Question 5.
How did the fire act as a source of comfort and protection for early inan?
Answer:
The fire acted- as a source of comfort and protection for early man in the following ways :

At night when everyone crowded in a cave, a fire was kept burning at the entrance and this prevented the wild animals from entering the cave.
In the cold of winter, the fire gave early man heat.

Question 6.
What were the advantages of wheels to early man?
Answer:
Early man took great advantages from the invention of wheel. It was very easy for him to carry a round object from one place to another by rolling it instead of carrying a cubical object. Early man must have learnt it by rolling logs of woods. This invention made the advancement quicker and easier for him. It helped him in easy transportation of goods and travel long distances. It also helped him in improving the making of different kinds of pots.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
How did the domestication of animals help early man?
Answer:
Early man was a hunter. He killed animals for food. Then he began to domesticate them. This helped him in the following ways :

Food: Man could get meat, milk, and butter from the domesticated animals.
More Animals: Wild animals could only be killed and their flesh is eaten. But domesticated animals could be made to breed and provide more animals.
Help in Agriculture: Animals could be used to draw the plow or the cart.
Clothes: Man used the skin of animals as clothes.
Weapons, Tools, etc: Man used the bones of animals to make weapons, tools, and even ornaments.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 8 Study of Ancient History – Sources

October 5, 2024October 4, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions History Chapter 8 Our India – In World Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 8 Study of Ancient History – Sources

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB Study of Ancient History – Sources Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions :

Question 1.
What is the difference between Pre-history and History?
Answer:
The long period of man’s life is divided into two periods: Pre-history and History.
1. Pre-history. Pre-history is that period of man’s life for which we have no written records.
2. History. History is that period of man’s life for which we have written records.

Question 2.
Name the works which are included in the Vedic Literature.
Answer:
The following works are included in the Vedic Literature :

Vedas,
Brahmanas,
Aranyakas,
Upanishads,
Sutras,
Epics (Ramayana and Mahabharata),
Puranas.

Question 3.
How do the inscriptions help us to know about history?
Answer:
Inscriptions are those records which are found written on stone-pillars, rocks, copper-plates, clay tablets.ahd walls of temples. These help us a lot to know about history. They record important events of the time when they wdre written. . Inscription of Emperor Ashoka tell us about his religion and expansions of his empire. Inscriptions of Samudragupta and Skandagupta tell us about their achievements. Copper-plates throw a light on the sale, purchase or donation of land in ancient times.

Question 4.
What is meant by archaeological sources of history?
Answer:
Old buildings, pottery, things of everyday use, coins and inscriptions which are found during excavation are known as archaeological sources of History.

Question 5.
How do the Epics serve as a source of history?
Answer:
The two Epics, namely, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata were composed in the Vedic period. From these Epics, we come to know about the social, religious and cultural conditions of ancient India, specially after the advent of the Aryas.

Question 6.
Write a short note on literary sources of history.
Answer:
The literary sources of history include Vedas, Brahamanas, Aranyakas, Upanishads, Sutras, Epics, Puranas and the Buddhist and Jain books. Besides telling us about the religion, these works also throw light on the events and society of the time when they were written. The books related to the laws of ancient times, called the ‘Dharmasastras’ were also written. Manusmriti is prominent among such books. Kautilya wrote a book, namely Arthasastra, on the state administration. Several dramas were written by scholars like Bhasa and Kalidasa. Several stories were also written. The scientists like Aryabhatta and Varahamihira wrote books about their discoveries.

Question 7.
What information do we get by studying monuments?
Answer:
The buildings such as pillars, forts and palaces, constructed hundreds of years ago, are known as monuments. A study of monuments provides us valuable historical information. These tell us about the life of people in ancient India.

II. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
History is the study of _________
Answer:
past

Question 2.
History is the study for better _________
Answer:
information

Question 3.
_________ named book was written by Kautilya.
Answer:
Arthashastra

Question 4.
Books, literary sources, ancient ruins, and things are called sources.
Answer:
archaeological.

III. Match the columns :

Question 1.

A	B
(i) Aryabhatta	(a) Epic
(ii) Ramayana	(b) Veda
(iii) Samaveda	(c) Kautilya
(iv) Arthasastra	(d) scientist

Answer:
Correct pairs:

A	B
(i) Aryabhatta	(d) scientist
(ii) Ramayana	(a) Epic
(iii) Samaveda	(b) Veda
(iv) Arthasastra	(c) Kautilya

IV. Write true or ‘false’ in the brackets given after each statement:

Question 1.
Manusmriti is a work on Dharmasastra.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Aranyakas are not part of Vedic literature.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Coins are not a source of history.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Ashoka got his message engraved on stone pillars.
Answer:
True.

V. Activities (Something To Do) :

Question 1.
Visit a museum and prepare a list of things which you think can be reliable sources of ancient history.
Answer:
Do it yourself with the help of your teacher.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide Study of Ancient History – Sources Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
One who study the past is known as _________
(A) Psychologist
(B) Historian
(C) Anthropologist
(D) Sociologist.
Answer:
(B) Historian.

Question 2.
Understanding any code or somebody’s writing is known as _________
(A) Coding
(B) Archaeology
(C) Decipherment
(D) Calligraphy.
Answer:
(C) Decipherment.

Question 3.
The beginning of agriculture is dated back to _________
(A) 4700 years, ago
(B) 5000 year ago
(C) 7000 years ago
(D) 8000 years ago.
Answer:
(D) 8000 years ago.

Question 4.
_________ was the first big kingdom..
(A) Magadha
(B) Patliputra
(C) Kaushambhi
(D) Kashi.
Answer:
(A) Magadha.

Question 5.
_________ are usually written on palm leaf, or on the specially prepared bark of a tree known as the birch.
(A) Inscription
(B) Manuscrfpt
(C) Engraving
(D) Archaeology.
Answer:
(B) Manuscript.

Question 6.
Ordinary men and women were _________
(A) hunters
(B) gatherers
(C) fishing folk
(D) all of these.
Answer:
(D) all of these.

Question 7.
Along the bank of _________ river people have lived for several hundred thousand years.
(A) Tapi
(B) Narmada
(C) Krishna
(D) Kaveri.
Answer:
(B) Narmada.

Question 8.
Which of these animals, men first began to rear?
(A) Sheep
(B) Cattle
(C) Goat
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 9.
_________ are smaller rivers that flow into a larger river.
(A) Tributaries
(B) Ponds
(C) Valleys
(D) None of these.
Answer:
(A) Tributaries.

Question 10.
_________ is the earliest composition in Sanskrit.
(A) Yajurveda
(B) Atharvaveda
(C) Samveda
(D) Rigveda.
Answer:
(D) Rigveda.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is History?
Answer:
History is the study of past.

Question 2.
What do you mean by the literary sources of History?
Answer:
The books written in the past are called the literary sources of History.

Question 3.
What are known as the archaeological sources of History?
Answer:
The material remains of the past are known as the archaeological sources of History.

Question 4.
For which period of the past is archaeology an only mean for knowing about it?
Answer:
Archaeology is the only mean for knowing about the pre-historic age.

Question 5.
Why do we not have written records about the pre-historic age?
Answer:
We do not have written records about the pre-historic age because the early man did not know the art of writing.

Question 6.
Name the four Vedas.
Answer:

The Rigveda,
The Samaveda,
The Yajurveda;
The Atharvaveda.

Question 7.
Name the two Epics. Who composed them?
Answer:
The Ramayana and the Mahabharata are the two Epics. They were composed by Maharishi Valmiki and Maharishi Ved Vyas respectively.

Question 8.
What is an inscription?
Answer:
An inscription is the writing which is engraved either on a stone surface or on metal or brick.

Question 9.
What do you understand by monuments?
Answer:
Monuments are the buildings or structures constructed in the past and which stand today as memorials.

Question 10.
Name two renowned scientists of ancient times.
Answer:
Aryabhatta and Varahamihira were two renowned scientists of ancient times.

Question 11.
What is meant by Pre-history?
Answer:
The long period of man’s life is divided into two parts: Pre-history and history. Pre-history is that period of history for which we don’t have any written record.

Question 12.
What is the literal meaning of the word ‘HISTORY’?
Answer:
The word History is derived from a Greek word ‘HISTORIA’. The meaning of historia is the ‘Knowledge of Past’.

Question 13.
Who is known as the Father of History?
Answer:
‘Herodotus’ is known as the Father of history as he was the first person who wrote history.

Question 14.
What is numismatics and epigraphy?
Answer:
The study of coins is known as numismatics and the study of inscriptions is known as epigraphy

Question 15.
How many shlokas are there in Ramayana and Mahabharata?
Answer:
Ramayana contains about 24,000 shlokas and Mahabharata contains more than one lakh shlokas.

Question 16.
What do you mean by Dharmasastras?
Answer:
Dharmasastras are books written about the laws of ancient times. For example Manusmriti, Arthasastra etc.

Question 17.
Who is an Archaeologist?
Answer:
An archaeologist is a person who studies old buildings, pottery, things of daily use, coins and inscriptions.

Question 18.
Give few examples of ancient Indian monuments.
Answer:
The Sanchi Stupa, The Ashokan Pillars and remains of Nalanda university are some of the ancient Indian monuments.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What information do we get from the study of History?
Answer:
From the study of History, we come to know how man lived in the beginning and how civilizations developed with the passage of time.

Question 2.
What is the advantage of the study of History?
Answer:
History is said to be the study of past for a better future. If we want to build a strong and ideal society in the times to come and if we want to achieve further development, we must learn how we have reached the present state. Information about all these things can be attained only with the study of history.

Question 3.
How do we khow about our historical past?
Answer:
We know about bur historical past from the evidence which our forefathers have left behind. This evidence consists of ancient books, inscriptions on rocks, pillars, stone, metal plates, etc., and ancient buildings.

Question 4.
What is the significance of coins in the study of History?
Answer:
Coins of ancient times have been made of lead, copper, bronze, silver and gold, etc. Such coins have on them portraits of kings, pictures of animals, religious symbols, the names of the issuers and dates, etc. All this information helps us to learn about the kings, their dynasties, religious beliefs and economic life of the past.

Question 5.
What did Ashoka do to spread his message among common people?
Answer:
To spread his message among common people, Ashoka got it engraved on rocks and very big stone-pillars and put them all over the country so that people could read and follow them.

Question 6.
Write in brief about composition of the Ramayana and Mahabharata.
Answer:
Two great epics were written in Vedic period and these were the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. The Ramanaya contains around 24,000 shlokas and was composed by Maharishi Valimiki. The Mahabharata is a gigantic mass of compositions written by different authors which extended over many centuries. But generally it has been believed that it was written by Maharishi Ved Vyas. It contains more than 1,00,000 shlokas and was arranged in 18 chapters.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
How do we know about the past? Mention the various- sources that are used to study the past.
Answer:
History is the one way of knowing the past. We learn about the past from the evidence which our ancestors have left behind.

Our ancestors have left behind the following clues which help us in knowing the past:
1. Literary Works: The important literary works are the religious books like the Vedas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas, Upanishads, Sutras, the Epics, the Puranas, and the Buddhist and Jain books.

2. Archaeological Sources: Archaeological sources include old buildings, pottery, things of everyday use, coins, and inscriptions. All these give us a lot of information which could help us to study the past.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 18 India and the World

October 1, 2024September 30, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions History Chapter 18 India and the World Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 18 India and the World

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB India and the World Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in brief :

Question 1.
What is Silk Route?
Answer:
The route connecting China with Europe is known as the Silk Route. In ancient times, silk was the major item of trade on this route.

Question 2.
Name some important seaports of the Satavahana period.
Answer:
The ports of the Satavahana period can be divided into two parts :

Ports of Southern Coast: Ports of the southern coast included Kaveripattnam, Mahabalipuram, Puhar and Korkai.
Ports of the Western Coast: Suraparaka and Bhrigukachehha were ports of the western coast.

Question 3.
How did India come in contact with Iran?
Answer:
India’s contacts with Iran started in 600 B.C. Rulers of Iran occupied north-western parts of India. Consequently, contacts between the two countries were established.

Question 4.
What was exported from India to Rome?
Answer:
The items exported from India to Rome were :

Spices,
Precious stones,
Fine cloth,
Perfumes,
Ivory,
Iron,
Dyes,
Rice,
Birds like parrots and peacocks,
Animals like monkeys.

Question 5.
What articles were imported from Europe?
Answer:
Glassware and lead were imported from Europe.

II. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
______ A.D. rulers of ______ of Iran occupied parts of North-western India.
Answer:
600, Atchiminid

Question 2.
During the reigns of Ashoka and Kanishka, Buddhist missionaries were sent to ______, ______, ______ and ______ for preaching Buddhism.
Answer:
Sri Lanka, Burma, China, Central Asia

Question 3.
The______, ______ and ______ rulers encouraged ship building and overseas exploration.
Answer:
Chera, Cholas, Pandyas

Question 4.
The Arabs occupied Sind in ______ A.D.
Answer:
712

Question 5.
The ______ temple in Kampuchea has sculptures depicting scenes from the Indian epics ______ and ______
Answer:
Angkarvat, Ramayana, Mahabharata.

III. Match the columns :

Question 1.

A	B
(i) Gold coins	(a) Suraparaka
(ii) Seaport	(b) Silk
(iii) China	(c) Land Route
(iv) Silk Road	(d) Rome

Answer:
Correct columns :

A	B
(i) Gold coins	(d) Rome
(ii) Seaport	(a) Suraparaka
(iii) China	(b) Silk
(iv) Silk Road	(c) Land Route

IV. Write ‘true’ or ‘false’ in the brackets given after each statement :

Question 1.
India’s culture became the identity of Indians.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
India had no contacts with Egypt.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Huge rock-cut statues of the Buddha were found at Bamiyan in Afghanistan.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Indian products fetched high prices in Roman markets.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
The Chera, Chola and Pandya rulers encouraged ship-building and overseas exploration.
Answer:
True.

V. Activitiy (Something To Do) :

Question 1.
Collect pictures and Buddhist temples built in South¬East Asian Countries and paste them in your notebook.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide India and the World Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
Silk Road is the route connecting with Europe.
(A) China
(B) India
(C) Russia
(D) Japan.
Answer:
(A) China.

Question 2.
The Angkorvat Temple is situated in
(A) Combodia
(B) Kumpuchea
(C) Malasia
(D) Java.
Answer:
(B) Kumpuchea.

Question 3.
What was exported to Europe through Silk Routes?
(A) Jewellery
(B) Spices
(C) Ivory goods
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 4.
The gave a great contribution to the spread of Indian Culture.
(A) Arabs
(B) Chinese
(C) Japanese
(D) Sri Lankans.
Answer:
(A) Arabs.

Question 5.
The Arabs occupied in 712 A.D.
(A) Baluchistan
(B) Sind
(C) Punjab
(D) Kashmir
Answer:
(B) Sind.

Question 6.
Where does Bamiyan lie?
(A) India
(B) Pakistan
(C) Afghanistan
(D) Russia.
Answer:
(C) Afghanistan.

Question 7.
What was exported from India to Rome?
(A) Spices
(B) Precious stones
(C) Fine Cloth
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the countries with which the people of the Indus Valley Civilisation had trade relations.
Answer:
The people of the Indus Valley Civilisation had trade relations with Mesopotamia, Egypt and other countries.

Question 2.
When did India’s contacts with Europe develop further?
Answer:
India’s contacts with Europe developed further after the invasion of Alexander on India in 326 B.C.

Question 3.
In which countries were Indian luxury goods in great demand?
Answer:
Indian luxury goods were in great demand in Western countries, especially in Greece and Roman Empire.

Question 4.
Through which countries did the land routes pass?
Answer:
The land routes passed through Afghanistan, Central Asia and Western Asia.

Question 5.
What led to the decline of trade with the West?
Answer:
The Roman Empire imposed restrictions on trade with India after the 3rd century A.D. It led to the decline of trade with the West.

Question 6.
What features did India’s contact with Iran introduce?
Answer:
India’s contact with Iran introduced features like pillars topped by capitals, inscriptions on pillars, the Kharoshti script and a new style of coinage in India.

Question 7.
Name the Indian items which became very popular in Egypt.
Answer:
Precious stones, spices, cows and hunting dogs were the Indian items which became very popular in Egypt.

Question 8.
To which countries were the Buddhist missionaries sent during the reigns of Ashoka and Kanishka?
Answer:
The Buddhist missionaries were sent to *feri Lanka, Myanmar, China and Central Asia, etc. for preaching Buddhism.

Question 9.
In which books is India’s overseas trade with Rome mentioned?
Answer:
India’s overseas trade with Rome is mentioned in Ptolemy’s Geography and in the Sangam literature.

Question 10.
What did India receive in return for her trade with Rome?
Answer:
India received gold and silver coins, metals, wine and glass in return for her trade with Rome.

Question 11.
Name the dynasties which encouraged ship-building and overseas exploration.
Answer:
The Chera, Chola and Pandya dynasties encouraged ship-building and overseas exploration.

Question 12.
What marked the beginning of Indo-Islamic tiulture?
Answer:
The Arab invasion of India marked the beginning of Indo- Islamic culture.

Question 13.
Name the countries influenced by Indian culture.
Answer:
There are several countries which have been influenced by Indian culture. Prominent among them are Myanmar, Malaya, Kampuchea, Java, Indonesia and Vietnam.

Question 14.
Where is the Borobudur Temple located?
Answer:
The Borobudur Temple is located in Java (Indonesia).

Question 15.
What are the ancient names of Burma, Malaya, Kampuchea and Java?
Answer:
The ancient names of Burma, Malaya, Kampuchea and Java are Suvarnabhumi, Suvarnadvipa, Cambodia and Yavadvipa, respectively.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the first contacts between the Arabs and India.
Answer:
In 712 A.D., the Arabs conquered Sind and set up trade settlements in India. But they were held by the local rulers of what is now called Rajasthan. However, they kept their political control over Sind.

Question 2.
How did the people of South-East Asia accept Indian religions?
Answer:
Indian merchants went to South-East Asia from various parts of India from Saurashtra, Tamil Nadu, Orissa and Bengal. They took with them their own religious customs ^nd ideals. They were mostly Jainas, Vaishnavas, Shaivas and Buddhist. The people of South-East Asia were influenced by their culture and they accepted Indian religions.

Question 3.
Give an information about India’s relations with Kampuchea.
Answer:
Kampuchea was founded by a Hindu king. The region south¬east of Kampuchea, namely Kubuja was also ruled by the Hindu king. The Hindu gods and goddesses were worshipped in Kampuchea. The Hindu scriptures in Sanskrit were studied there. Hymns from the Ramayana, the Mahabharata and the Puranas were recited in temples of Kampuchea.

Question 4.
What were India’s relations with Java in ancient times?
Answer:
The kingdom of Java was established in 56 A.D. by a Hindu ruler. In 78 A.D. Ajisaka started the Java Samvata. The Chinese traveller Hiuen Tsang visited Java in 418 A.D. and saw that the Brahmanism was a prominent religion in Java. Several temples were built in Java. Shiva, Vishnu and Brahma were worshipped in temples. Indians cast a deep influence on the people of Java. Caste system in Java started with the advent of Indians there.

Question 5.
Write about the spread of Indian culture in Myanmar.
Answer:
Myanmar lies to the east of India. There, Indian culture spread to a great extent. India had relations with Myanmar since the time of the Buddha. Indian culture was prevalent in Myanmar. Several inscriptions found there are in Sanskrit and Pali languages. There the Hinayana branch of Buddhism was preached. Historians believe that the Ananda Temple of Myanmar had been constructed by Indian artisans.

Question 6.
What Indian influence can be seen at the Angkorvat Temple?
Answer:
The Angkorvat Temple lies in Kampuchea. It is a Hindu temple. The stories of the Ramayana and the Mahabharata are written on the walls of the-temple. It has sculptures depicting scenes from the two epics. It shows the influence of Indian culture on the people of Kampuchea.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What were the reasons for the growth of India’s contacts with South-East countries?
Answer:
India had close contacts with South-East Asian countries in ancient times. The following were the reasons for the growth of these contacts :

The Indian merchants made voyages to these countries to exchange their goods for spices. These spices brought much wealth to Indian merchants because they were sold to traders from Western Asia.
There was peace and prosperity during the 6th and 7th centuries. Kings encouraged trade and it was secure.
Religious missionaries were sent to South-East Asian countries.
Indian traders settled down in these countries for the purpose of trade. Some of them married local women. Slowly and slowly, some aspects of Indian culture were accepted by people of South-East Asia.

Question 2.
Give an account of the spread of Indian culture abroad.
Answer:
Indian culture was spread mainly in South-East Asian countries. It was carried there by the merchants who settled there to carry out their trade.

Kampuchea: A Hindu merchant Kaundinya set up the Kampuchean kingdom. He built many ‘ emples. The most famous is the Vishnu Temple of Angkorvat. It contains beautiful sculptures and scenes from the Ramayana and the Mahabharata.
Java: The kingdom of Java was set up by a Hindu prince. Fahien also makes a mention of this kingdom in his accounts. Java was ruled by a Hindu king. Both the ruler and the people worshipped the Hindu gods. But later on they adopted Buddhism. The Buddhist Stupa at Borobudur is the biggest stupa in the world.
Sumatra: The state of Sumatra was establihsed by a Hindu prince Sri Vijaya. It was a great centre of learning.
Bali and Borneo: These were Hindu colonies. Even today some people are Hindus there.
Champa: It was also a Hindu colony. Its capital city was Amaravati. It was the centre of Sanskrit learning.
China and Tibet: Indian culture also spread in China and Tibet. The Chinese* and the Tibetan people adopted Buddhism.