Class 6 – PSEB Solutions

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances

October 15, 2024October 14, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances

Science Guide for Class 6 PSEB Motion and Measurement of Distances Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 103)

Question 1.
The length of a curved line can be measured by a metre scale directly. (True/False)
Answer:
False.

Question 2.
The metre is standard unit of length. (True/False)
Answer:
True.

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide Motion and Measurement of Distances Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercise – 1

1. Fill in the Blanks :

(a) One metre is ………………… cm.
Answer:
100

(b) Five kilometre is ………………. m.
Answer:
5000

(d) Motion of the needle of a sewing machine is ……………….
Answer:
Periodic motion

(e) Motion of wheel of a bicycle is ……………..
Answer:
Circular motion

2. Write True or False:

(a) Handspan or foot step are standard units of measurement.
Answer:
False

(b) Standard unit of length is metre.
Answer:
True

(d) Length of a curved line can be measured by a scale.
Answer:
False

(e) Motion of hands of a clock is a circular motion.
Answer:
True

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

Column A	Column B
1. Metre	(a) Periodic Motion
2. Circular Motion	(b) Length
3. 1 Km	(c) Linear Motion
4. Train on track	(d) Hands of Clock
5. Swing	(e) 1000 m

Answer:

Column A	Column B
1. Metre	(b) Length
2. Circular Motion	(d) Hands of Clock
3. 1 Km	(e) 1000 m
4. Train on track	(c) Linear Motion
5. Swing	(a) Periodic Motion

Exercise – 2

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
In motor vehicles which of the following is used for measuring the distance covered by the vehicle ?
(a) Speedometer
(b) Odometer
(c) Thermometer
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Odometer

Question (ii)
A student want to take the measurements of a brick, for this purpose which unit he should use ?
(a) Kilometre
(b) Meter
(c) Centimetre
(d) Hand span.
Answer:
(c) Centimetre

Question (iii)
Which one among the following is false ?
(a) 1000 m = 1 km
(b) 100 mm = 1 cm
(c) 100 cm = 1 m
(d) 10 mm = 1 cm.
Answer:
(b) 100 mm = 1 cm

Question (iv)
The motion of wings of a moving fan is …………….
(a) Circular Motion
(b) Linear Motion
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Circular Motion.

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Name some means of transport used in ancient time.
Answer:
Ancient means of transport :

Bullock Cart,
Hand drawn and hand pushed carts,
Palanquin carried by men,
Boats made of wood,
walked on foot,
rode on animals back (horse and donkey),
Tonga, (8) Coracles.

Question (ii)
Give two examples of periodic motion.
Answer:
Examples of Periodic motion :
(1) Motion of simple pendulum
(2) Up and down motion of needle of sewing machine.
(3) Motion of swing.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Give two examples of transport used on land, water and air.
Answer:
Examples of transport :
(1) On land : (a) Bus, (b) Car, (c) Train.
(2) On Water : (a) Ship, (b) Boat.
(3) In Air : (a) Aeroplane, (b) Helicopter.

Question (ii)
What is distance ?
Answer:
Distance. It is measurement of length between two points. It is also a length and S.l. unit of distance is metre.

Question (iii)
Arrange the following lengths in their incresing magnitude :
1 metre, 1 centimetre, 1 kilometre, 1 millimetre.
Answer:
Arrangement of lengths in increasing magnitude :
1 millimeter < 1 centimeter < 1 metre < 1 kilometer.

Question (iv)
Write the similarities and differences between the motion of a bicycle and a ceiling fan that has been switched on.
Answer:
Both bicycle and ceiling fan have circular motion. But wheel of a bi-cycle also performs linear motion on the road which is not undertaken by ceiling fan.

Question (v)
The distance between Radha’s home and her school is 3250 m. Express this distance into km.
Solution.
Distance between Radha’s home and school = 3250 m
= \(\frac{3250}{1000}\) km [∵ 1 km – 1000 m]
= 3.250 km
Answer:

7. Long Answer Type Questions :

Question (i)
Describe what precautions should be taken while measuring length or breadth of an object.
Answer:
The following precautions must be taken while using a metre scale for measuring length :
(1) The scale should be placed close and along the length of the object to be measured.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances 1

(2) If the ends of the scale are broken then in such a case one should coincide any other full mark of the scale with one edge of the object. The correct length is obtained by subtracting the reading of the mark from the reading coinciding with the other end of the object.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances 2

(3) The eye must be kept on the end point of the object where the measurement is to be taken.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances 3

Question (ii)
How many types of motion are there ? Give examples for each type.
Answer:
Different types of motion that we generally observe in our daily life are given below :
1. Linear Motion,
2. Circular Motion,
3. Periodic Motion.

1. Linear Motion. The motion of an object in a straight line is called Linear Motion.
Examples :
(a) A car or bus moving on a straight road.
(b) An athlete running on a straight track.
(c) Train running on straight track.

2. Circular Motion. Motion of an object on a circular path is called circular motion.
Examples :
(a) Motion of blades of a ceiling fan.
(b) Motion of hands of a wall clock.
(c) Motion of stone tied to the string when whirled around.

3. Periodic Motion. When an object repeats its motion after a fixed interval of time is said to have Periodic Motion.
Examples :
(a) The motion of a swing.
(b) Motion of needle of a sewing machine.
(c) Heart beat.
(d) The revolution of earth around the sun.

Question (iii)
Write an activity for measuring the length of a curved line.
Answer:
Measuring length of curved line using a thread :
The following steps should be taken while measuring the length of a curved line :
(1) Take a long, thick piece of thread.
(2) Tie a knot at one end of the thread.
(3) Place this knot on one point of curve, let it be A.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances 4
(4) Place small portion of thread along the line using fingers and thumb.
(5) Hold the thread at this end point with one hand.
(6) Using other hand, stretch a little more portion of thread along the curved line.
(7) Repeat this process till you reach the other end of line, let it be point B,
(8) Mark the point on the thread with ink.
(9) Stretch this thread on a metre scale and measure the length between the knot and the end mark on the thread. This is the length of the curved line.

Question (iv)
Why handspan or foot steps cannot be used as standard units of measurement ?
Answer:
A standard unit must be same at all places so that it is understood similarly by different persons. If a length is measured by handspans or foot steps of different person it will not be the same.
As their measure is not fixed and varies from person to person. So handspan and foot step cannot be considered as a standard unit of measurement.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Motion and Measurement of Distances Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
Which of the following is a standard unit of length ?
(a) Decimeter
(b) Centimeter
(c) Millimeter
(d) Metre.
Answer:
(d) Metre.

Question 2.
1 kilometre = ……………..
(a) 100 m
(b) 1000 m
(c) 100 cm
(d) 10 mm.
Answer:
(b) 1000 m

Question 3.
Length of curved line can be measured by:
(a) Tailors measuring Tape
(b) Metre scale
(c) Thread
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Thread

Question 4.
The means of transportation used in water surface is:
(a) Aeroplane
(b) Boat
(c) Train
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Boat

Question 5.
The motion of a child on a swing is:
(a) Circular motion
(b) Periodic motion
(c) Linear motion
(d) Both Circular motion and Linear motion.
Answer:
(b) Periodic motion

Question 6.
1 millimetre is what part of one metre ?
(a) \(\frac{1}{10}\)th
(b) \(\frac{1}{100}\)th
(c) \(\frac{1}{1000}\)th
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) \(\frac{1}{1000}\)th

Question 7.
To express the distance between Delhi and Mumbai, the standard unit of length used would be :
(a) Metre
(b) Quintal
(c) Kilometer
(d) Kilogram.
Answer:
(c) Kilometer

Question 8.
The precaution while measuring length with metre scale is:
(a) Correct position of eye
(b) Correct position of eye and proper end of metre scale
(c) Only correct end of meter scale
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Correct position of eye and proper end of metre scale

Question 9.
The SI unit of length is :
(a) Kilometre
(b) Centimetre
(c) Metre
(d) Inch.
Answer:
(c) Metre

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) Curved lengths are measured by using a ……………… .
Answer:
thread

(b) Linear motion is the movement of the object in a …………….. .
Answer:
straight line

(d) The revolution of earth around the sun is an example of ……………… .
Answer:
Periodic motion

(e) Motion is the change in …………………. of an object in comparison to surrounding with time.
Answer:
position.

Write (T) against true and (F) against false statements :

(a) Swinging of our arms forward and backward is an example of a periodic motion.
Answer:
False

(b) Periodic motion helps us to measure time.
Answer:
True

(d) S.I. unit of length is centimeter.
Answer:
False

(e) Vehicle moving on a straight road is an example of linear motion.
Answer:
True

Match the following :

Column A	Column B
(1) Metre	An ancient unit of measuring length
(2) Motion	Motion of tip of ceiling fan blade
(3) Circular Motion	S.I. Unit of length
(4) Linear Motion	State of moving objects
(5) Hand span	Apple falling from a tree.

Answer:
(1) Metre – S.I. Unit of length
(2) Motion – State of moving objects
(3) Circular Motion – Motionof tip of ceiling fan blade
(4) Linear Motion – Apple falling from a tree
(5) Hand span – An ancient unit of measuring length.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the S.I. unit of length.
Answer:
S.I. unit of length is metre.

Question 2.
State the unit of distance used in each of the following cases :
(i) The height of a person
(ii) The height of mountain peak
(iii) The distance between Mumbai and Delhi.
Answer:
(i) Centimetre,
(ii) Metre,
(iii) Kilometre.

Question 3.
What type of motion does the wheel of a bicycle perform ?
Answer:
The wheel of moving bicycle performs simultaneously circular motion and linear motion.

Question 4.
Can we measure the length of a curved line directly with a metre scale ?
Answer:
No, we cannot measure the length of a curved line directly with a metre scale.

Question 5.
What type of measuring device would you use to measure the girth of a tree ?
Answer:
We can make use of either a measuring tape or a thread and metre scale to measure girth of a tree.

Question 6.
What type of motion does striker of a carrom game execute when it moves ?
Answer:
Striker in the game of carroms moves in a straight line and therefore, its motion is linear motion.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why is it necessary to have standard units of measurement ?
Answer:
Measurement means comparing a given quantity with another known quantity of the same kind. For the same measurement, a variety of objects can be used. But when you tell others about the measurement made by you, they will not be able to understand how much the actual measurement is. Thus to make others understand for the sake of uniformity, there is a necessity of having standard units of measurement.

Question 2.
Name two types of motions of the Earth.
Answer:
The earth has two types of motion :

Motion of the earth around the Sun. It repeats after a fixed interval of time. So, it is called periodic motion.
Motion of the earth around its axis. This motion is both periodic and circular motion as it is repeated after a same interval of time and it is along an orbit.

Question 3.
Write precautions needed while using a metre scale.
Answer:
Precautions to be taken while using a metre scale are :

The eye position should be correct.
The scale should be placed properly parallel to the length.
The scale must not have broken end. In case of broken end, any other complete mark must be taken as the initial reading coinciding with the first end.

Question 4.
The height of a person is 1.65 m. Express it into cm and mm.
Answer:
1.65 m = 1.65 × 100 = 165 cm [∵ 1 m = 100 cm]
1.65 m = 1.65 × 1000 — 1650 mm. [∵ 1 m = 1000 mm]

Question 5.
While measuring the length of a knitting needle, the reading of the scale at one end is 3.0 cm and at the other end is 33.1 cm. What is the length of the needle ?
Answer:
The length of the needle is = (33.1 – 3) cm = 30.1 cm.

Question 6.
What were different units used for measurement of length in ancient times ?
Answer:
Units for measurement in ancient times were:

length of a foot.
the width of fingers.
distance of a step.
cubit.
yard etc.

Question 7.
Give two examples each, of modes of transport used on land, water and air.
Answer:
Modes of transport.

On land are Bus, Car.
On Water. Motorized boats and ships are used as means of transport on water.
In Air. Aeroplanes and helicopters are used as means of transport in air.

Question 8.
Classify the motion of the following objects into linear motion, circular motion and Periodic motion:
Motion of child on swing, motion of a plough, motion of the needle of a sewing machine, motion of a deer, motion of earth, motion of an electric fan.
Answer:
Linear motion. Motion of a deer, motion of a plough.
Circular motion. Motion of the earth, motion of an electric fan.
Periodic motion. Motion of child on the swing, motion of the needle of a sewing machine.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Which things were being used for measurement in ancient times ?
Answer:
In ancient times length of the foot, the width of finger and distance of a step, were used for measurement.

During the Harappa civilization, some exact unit of length must have been chosen as proved by geometrical structures procured during excavation.

The length from one end of the finger to elbow, called cubit was also used as a unit of measure in ancient Egypt. It was also accepted in some other parts of the world.

In a different parts of the world, ‘foot’ was also taken as a unit of measurement of length. Different areas have a different measures of the foot.

People used to measure a yard of cloth with an open arm upto the chin. Romans measured length with their steps.

In ancient India, small measures of lengths were taken by the width of fingers or fists. These days also in some cities of India, flower sellers can be seen measuring the length of flower garlands with their arms. For convenience sake, different parts of the body have been used for measurement.

Because every person has a different measure of body parts so problems occurred during measurement. In 1970, French people invented a measurement scale known as ‘Metric System.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Urban Development – Local Self Government

October 15, 2024October 14, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions Civics Chapter 21 Urban Development – Local Self Government Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 21 Urban Development – Local Self Government

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB Rural Development and Local Self Government Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in brief :

Question 1.
Write a short note on urban development after Independence.
Answer:
After India’s Independence in 1947, urban areas in the country were developed at a fast pace, due to an increase in population. There was a shortage of agricultural land due to the increase in population in rural areas. Consequently, the villagers began to move cities for seeking employment. Besides, the lack of amenities like education and health also compelled the village people to go to urban areas. Modern means of transport and communication have also acted as a bridge between villages and cities. As a result, the village population in India has come down from 90% to 75%.

Due to the fast increasing population in urban areas, cities require more houses, much electricity, much clean drinking water, more means of transport, cleanliness, and disposal of garbage. So special attention is paid to urban development. This is the reason why there is an increase in the number of urban local institutions, viz., Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Committees and Municipal Corporations in India.

Question 2.
Name the urban Local Self-Institutions.
Answer:
There are three urban local self-institutions.

They are :

Nagar Panchayat,
Municipal Committee (Council)
Municipal Corporation.

Question 3.
Why is city divided into wards on the basis of population?
Answer:
Number of members of urban local institutions is fixed on the basis of population. Therefore, the whole city is divided, on the basis of almost equal population, into wards and one member is elected from each ward.

Question 4.
What age is required for the candidate to be a councillor?
Answer:
The age of 21 years is required for the candidate to be a councillor.

Question 5.
What is town’s Local Self-Institution known as?
Answer:
Local self-institution in a town is known as Nagar Panchayat or Nagar Council.

Question 6.
Name four officials of Municipal Corporation.
Answer:
Four officials of Municipal Corporation are Commissioner, Health Officer, Education Officer and Chief Engineer.

Question 5.
Name any two sources of income of (urban) Local Self-Government.
Answer:
Taxes, fees, government grants and loans are the four sources of income of (urban) local self-government.

Question 6.
What are your duties towards city Local Self-Government?
Answer:
Our duties towards city local self-government are as follows:

We should help the local self-government of our city in its functioning.
We should make a proper use of the facilities like electricity and drinking water, provided by it.
We should help it in keeping the city clean. We should not spread rubbish in the city.
We should keep the environment neat and clean and also protect it.

Question 7.
Give two functions of Municipal Cpuncil or Corporation.
Answer:
The following are two functions of Municipal Council or Corporation :
1. Compulsory Functions.

It sets up local hospitals and dispensaries.
It immunizes.children against smallpox, polio, tuberculosis, cholera, diptheria, etc.
It takes care of sanitation and cleanliness of the city. It maintains sewage system and removes rubbish and garbage.
It provides good roads and streets in its area and maintains them in good condition.
It provides primary schools and opens libraries, reading rooms, museums and adult education centres, etc.
It provides safety against fire.

2. Optional Functions:

It develops parks, gardens and playgrounds, etc.
It provides cheap and efficient bus service.
It maintains rest houses, children homes and senior citizen homes, etc.

Question 8.
Give two functions of District Administration.
Answer:
Two functions of District Administration are given below :

It maintains law and order in the district with help of the police.
It maintains all the land records in the district and collects land revenue from the farmers.

II. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
Nagar Panchayat is set in a _______
Answer:
town

Question 2.
Urban local self-government functions are looked after by _______
Answer:
the State Government

Question 3.
To be a councillor, the candidate should be of _______ years of age.
Answer:
21, 18

Question 4.
In each district, there are _______ types of courts.
Answer:
two

Question 5.
An area changing from village to town is known as _______
Answer:
transitional area.

III. Write ‘true’ or ‘false’ in the brackets given after each statement :

Question 1.
A foreigner can cast his vote in the election of Municipal Corporation of your city.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
There are 9 Municipal Corporations in Punjab.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
The President of the Municipal Corporation is known as Mayor in Punjab.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
The voter should be of 17 years for the election of local government.
Answer:
False

Question 5.
Deputy Commissioner is the Chief Government official of the District Administration.
Answer:
False

Question 6.
There ard district level officials of various departments to run the District Administration.
Answer:
True

IV. Multiple Choice Questions :

Question 1.
Which is the primary unit of local urban self¬government?
(a) Nagar Nigam
(b) Village Panchayat
(c) Nagar Panchayat.
Answer:
(c) Nagar Panchayat.

Question 2.
Which name is given to the head of a Municipal Corporation (Nagar Nigam)?
(a) Pradhan
(b) Mayor
(c) Sarpanch.
Answer:
(b) Mayor.

Question 3.
Who is the executive officer of Municipal Corporation?
(a) Superintendent
(b) Deputy Commissioner
(c) Commissioner.
Answer:
(c) Commissioner.

Question 4.
Which of the following cities does not have Municipal Corporation?
(a) Amritsar
(b) Patiala
(c) Ropar
(d) Ludhiana
(e) Bathinda
(f) Jalandhar
Answer:
(c) Ropar.

Question 5.
Which is the highest administrative officer of a district?
(a) D.E.O
(b) Police Commissioner
(c) D.P.R.O.
(d) Deputy Commissioner.
Answer:
(d) Deputy Commissioner.

Question 6.
In big cities where the road is overcrowded, to reduce its crowd a road is built up over it. Which name is given to this over built up road?
(a) cycle rickshaw track
(b) underground subway
(c) link road
(d) fly over.
Answer:
(d) fly over.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide Urban Development – Local Self Government Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
Which of these is a part of Local Self-government for urban areas?
(A) Nagar Panchayat
(B) Municipalities
(C) Municipal Corporation
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 2.
Municipal Councils are generally set up in those cities whose population is more than
(A) 5,000
(B) 20,000
(C) 50,000
(D) 1,00,000.
Answer:
(B) 20,000.

Question 3.
_______ are established in big cities.
(A) Municipal Councils
(B) Zila Parishads
(C) Nagar Panchayats
(D) Municipal Corporations.
Answer:
(D) Municipal Corporations.

Question 4.
Elected representative of award is known as
(A) M.L.A.
(B) M.P.
(C) Ward Councillor
(D) None of these.
Answer:
(C) Ward Councillor.

Question 5.
Which of these is the function of Municipal Corporation?
(A) Supply of water
(B) Scavenging and removal of waste
(C) Supply of electricity
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 6.
Which of these is the source of income for Municipal Corporation?
(A) Property tax
(B) Water and other services tax
(C) Entertainment tax
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 7.
Who listens to the problems of local level?
(A) M.L.A.
(B) Ward Councillor
(C) M.P.
(D) D.C.
Answer:
(B) Ward Councillor.

Question 8.
Which of these cities have Municipal Corporation?
(A) Delhi
(B) Mumbai
(C) Kolkata
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 9.
Which of these cities don’t have Municipal Corporation?
(A) Chandigarh
(B) Chennai
(C) Meerut
(D) Lucknow.
Answer:
(C) Meerut.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who presides over the meetings of the Municipal Corporation?
Answer:
Mayor.

Question 2.
Who is Municipal Commissioner?
Answer:
Municipal Commissioner is a senior government employee who looks after the works of Municipal Corporation.

Question 3.
Give one point of difference between a Municipal Committee and a Municipal Corporation.
Answer:
A Municipal Committee is formed in a small city, while a Municipal Corporation is formed in a big city.

Question 4.
How is the number of members in a Nagar Panchayat or Municipal Committee or Municipal Corporation determined?
Answer:
The number of members in a Nagar Panchayat or Municipal Committee or Municipal Corporation is determined on the basis of population of the city.

Question 5.
How is the Mayor elected?
Answer:
The Mayor is elected by the members of Municipal Corporation amongst themselves.

Question 6.
What is the major function of the District Administration?
Answer:
The major function of the District Administration is to maintain law and order in the district.

Question 7.
Under whose charge are the health services in the district?
Answer:
The health services in the district are under the charge of the District Civil Surgeon.

Question 8.
Which is the Highest court in the district?
Answer:
The highest court in the district is the Court of the Sessions Judge.

Question 9.
Who is the highest police officer in the district?
Answer:
The highest police officer in the district is the Police Commissoner.

Question 10.
What are the main types of litigations?
Answer:
There are two types of litigations. These are civil litigations and criminal litigations.

Question 11.
When and where was the first Municipal Corporation established in India?
Answer:
In India, the first Municipal Corporation was established in 1987 A.D. in Chennai.

Question 12.
What are two sources of income of Nagar Panchayats?
Answer:
Two sources of income of Nagar Panchayats are :

Grants from the State Government.
Income from taxes like house tax, building tax, sales tax and vehicle tax, etc.

Question 13.
Name the cities of Punjab where Municipal Corporations are working.
Answer:
Amritsar, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Patiala and Bathinda.

Question 14.
How many Municipal Corporations are there in India?
Answer:
There are nearly 125 Municipal Corporations in India.

Question 15.
Into how many districts has Punjab been divided?
Answer:
Punjab has been divided into 20 districts.

Question 16.
Name the three levels at which the District Administration works.
Answer:

District level,
Tehsil/Block level,
City/Town/Village level.

Question 17.
What is meant by Nagar Panchayat?
Answer:
The local self-government which is formed in a town with a population of not more than 20,000 is known as Nagar Panchayat.

Question 18.
What is Municipal Corporation?
Answer:
It is the highest institution of urban local self-government and is established in a large city with population in lacs.

Question 19.
Who is a Councillor?
Answer:
Councillor a member of Municipal Council, Committee or a Corporation. He is elected at local level.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which are the local bodies working in urban areas?
Answer:
Nagar Panchayat, Municipal Committee (Council) and Municipal Corporation are the local bodies working in urban areas.

Nagar Panch&yat: It works in a town where the population is not more than 20,000.
Municipal Committee (Council): It works in a city where the population is between 20,000 and one lac.
Municipal Corporation: It works in a city with a population of over one lac.

Question 2.
How is a Nagar Panchayat constituted?
Answer:
The whole town is divided into wards and one member is elected from each ward. Every Nagar Panchayat has a President and a Vice-President. The President is elected directly by the people. The members nominate some experienced persons, called Aldermen. The Chief Administrative Officer of a Nagar Panchayat is the Chief Municipal Officer.

Question 3.
What are the main functions of a Nagar Panchayat?
Answer:
The main functions of a Nagar Panchayat are as follows :

To prepare plans for the changing face of a village into a town.
To beautify the town and to give approval to improve the old houses.
To provide civic amenities like safe drinking water and electricity.
To construct and maintain roads and to provide parks, playgrounds and dispensaries.
To plant new trees to maintain and improve the environment.

Question 4.
How is a Municipal Committee (Council) formed?
Answer:
The members of a Municipal Committee (Council) are elected by the people of the city. The number of these members depends upon the population of the city. This number usually varies from 9 to 29. For the purpose of election, the city is divided into wards and one member is elected from each ward. Some seats are reserved for scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and women. Some other experienced members, known as Aldermen, are elected by the elected representatives of the Municipal Committee. Elected members of Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and State Legislative Assembly are also members of the Municipal Committee. A President and a Vice-President are elected by the elected members from amongst themselves.

Question 5.
Discuss the composition of a Municipal Corporation.
Answer:
Members of a Municipal Corporation are elected by the voters. The city is divided into wards and one member (councillor) is elected from each ward. Number of councillors is fixed on the basis of the population of the city. Members of State Legislative Assembly, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha of that area are also members of Municipal Corporation. The councillors elect a Mayor and a Deputy Mayor from amongst themselves. The term of Municipal Corporation is five years.

Question 6.
Give the sources of income of a Municipal Committee and a Municipal Corporation.
Answer:
The main sources of income of a Municipal Committee and a Municipal Corporation are as follows :

Taxes such as house tax, property tax, and entertainment tax.
Fees and fines from rickshaws and fees from approval of house plans, etc.
Loans and grants from the government.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the difference between a Municipal Committee and a Municipal Corporation?
Answer:
The following are the main points of difference between a Municipal Committee and a Municipal Corporation:
1. A Municipal Committee is the local self-government of a small city. It is established in a city having a population of between twenty thousand and one lac.
A Municipal Corporation, on the other hand, is set up in a big city. It is formed in a city, the population of which is over one lac.

2. A Municipal Committee is less powerful as compared to a Municipal Corporation. A Municipal Corporation is the highest and most powerful institution of urban local self-government.

3. In Punjab, the number of elected members of a Municipal Committee is fixed at 9 to 29, whereas the number of elected members of a Municipal Corporation varies between 40 and 50.

Question 2.
What are the various functions performed by District Administration?
Answer:
District Administration performs various types of functions at the district level. Several officers have been appointed in different government departments at the district level. All the officers assist Deputy Commissioner in performing the district-level functions.

The various functions performed by District Administration are as follows:
1. To maintain Law and Order: District Administration maintains law and order in the district. There are a Commissioner of Police, a Deputy Commissioner of Police, and Inspectors of Police to help the District Administration in this task.

2. Functions relating to Land Revenue: District Administration maintains all the land records and collects land revenue from the farmers.

3. Developmental Functions: All the developmental works in the district are carried out under the supervision of the Deputy Commissioner. Civic amenities such as health facilities, means of transport, education, maintenance of government buildings and roads are looked after by various departments.

4. Judicial Administration: There is a separate judicial administration in every district. The two kinds of litigation are dealt with by the two kinds of courts. Civil courts deal with matters relating to property and money, whereas criminal courts deal with cases like theft, murder, and criminal assault.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits

October 15, 2024October 14, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits

Science Guide for Class 6 PSEB Electricity and Circuits Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 124)

Question 1.
The part of the bulb which produces light is called ……………….
Answer:
The part of the bulb which produces light is called a filament.

Question 2.
The electric bulb has ……………. terminals.
Answer:
The electric bulb has two terminals.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 128)

Question 1.
What is the function of electric switch ?
Answer:
The function of electric switch is to make (complete) or break the flow of current in the circuit.

Question 2.
In an electric circuit the circuit breaks when switch is in position.
Answer:
In an electric circuit the circuit breaks when switch is OFF in position.

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide Electricity and Circuits Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercise – 1

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(a) A device that is used to break or make an electric circuit is called …………….
Answer:
switch

(b) An electric bulb glows when …………… flows through it.
Answer:
current

(d) Current cannot pass through ……………..
Answer:
Insulators

2. Write True or False:

(a) Electric current can flow through metals.
Answer:
True

(b) Instead of metal wires, a jute string can be used to make a circuit.
Answer:
False

(d) When chemicals in dry cell are used up, it stops working.
Answer:
True

(e) Led based lamps are eco-friendly.
Answer:
True

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits 1
Answer:

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Battery is a combination of:
(a) Conductors
(b) Insulators
(c) Electric cells
(d) Filaments.
Answer:
(c) Electric cells

Question (ii)
The basic electric circuit needs to have:
(a) Only a source of electric current
(b) Only a few conducting wires
(c) Only a device or appliance
(d) All the above.
Answer:
(d) All the above

Question (iii)
On passing current through an electric bulb, bulb starts emitting light because its:
(a) Filament starts emitting light and then gets heated up
(b) Thick connecting wires start emitting light and then get heated up
(c) Filament gets heated up and then starts emitting light
(d) Thick wires get heated up and then starts emitting light.
Answer:
(c) Filament gets heated up and then starts emitting light

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What is electric cell ?
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits 3
Electric Cell.
It is a device used to produce electric current. In electric cell chemical energy is converted into electrical energy. An electric cell has two terminals positive ( + ) terminal and negative (-) terminal. The metal cap is the positive terminal of the cell while the metal disc is the negative terminal.

Question (ii)
What is Electric Current ?
Answer:
Electric Current. The flow of charge per unit time is called electric current. Electric current flows from positive terminal to negative terminal outside the cell.

Question (iii)
What is Electric Circuit ?
Answer:
Electric Circuit.
The arrangement between the two terminals of electric cell that provides complete path for flow of current is called electric circuit.
The diagram of an electric circuit is given in the above figure in which one electric cell is connected to bulb with the help of a switch. The bulb glows when the switch is in its “ON” position.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits 4

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Tools like screw drivers and pliers, used by electricians have handles made up of plastic, rubber, wood. Why ?
Answer:
Handles of electirical tools are made up of plastic, rubber or wood to provide insulation, so that the person/electrician can be safe from electrical shock.

Question (ii)
Why should we dry our hands before touching an electric appliance or a switch ?
Answer:
We should not touch electric gadgets live open wires or electric switches with wet hands because in such situation we can get electric shock due to easy flow of current. This may prove fatal in some cases. So we should dry our hands before touching electric appliance or a switch.

Question (iii)
A student while performing an experiment in the science lab, connected an electric bulb to an electric cell through an electric switch. He noticed that the bulb does not glow when the electric switch was set in its ON position. Mention any two reasons for this observation.
Answer:
An electric bulb connected in an electric circuit with switch in its “ON’ position if does not glow there. There can be two possible reasons which are given here below :

The filament of the bulb may be broken or the bulb may be fused. If it is so then the electric circuit will not become complete resulting in not glowing of the bulb.
The connecting wires may have been left loose at same point.

Question (iv)
Distinguish between the terms conductors and insulators of electricity. Give two examples of each type.
Answer:
Conductors. Those substances which allow electric current to pass through them are called conductors of electricity e.g. copper wire, key made of iron. Human body.
Insulators. Those substances (materials) which do not allow current to pass through them are called insulators e.g. Rubber, Plastic and Wood.

Question (v)
Explain why the bulb would not glow in the arrangement shown at below.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits 5
Answer:
We know that the bulb would light up when the electric cell starting from one terminal of the cell and ending at the other terminal of the cell is complete so that there is a continuous flow of current. In the present set up we find the elpctric circuit is incomplete (broken) and this is why the electric bulb does not glow.

Question (vi)
Match the labels with the correct parts of the circuit given below :
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits 6
Answer:

Switch (A device used for Making/Breaking a circuit).
Cell (Provides Electric Current).
Electric Bulb (Device which Lights up).

7. Long Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Using the “conduction tester” on an object it was found that the bulb begins to glow. Is that object conductors or insulator. Explain.
Answer:
Because with this object the bulb begins to glow showing that the electric current is flowing in the circuit i.e. The electric circuit is complete. This can be possible only when the material of the object allows the current to flow through it and we know that only conductors allow current to flow through them. Therefore, the object is a conductor.

Question (ii)
The handles of the tools like screw drivers and pliers used by electrician for repair work usually have plastic or rubber covers on them. Can you explain why ?
Answer:
The handles of tools used by electrician for repair work usually have handles made of plastic, rubber or wood. These covers are of non-conducting material and therefore, do not allow current to pass through them. So such handles protect electricians from getting electric shock.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Electricity and Circuits Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
A device which is used to break the circuit is:
(a) Electric cells
(b) Switch
(c) Electric bulb
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Switch

Question 2.
An electric cell has terminals:
(tt) Three
(b) One
(c) Two
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Two

Question 3.
To make electric wires is used :
(a) Rubber
(b) Aluminium
(c) Plastic
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Aluminium

Question 4.
In electric cell the source of current is:
(a) Positive terminal
(b) Negative terminal
(c) Chemical stored in it
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Chemical stored in it

Question 5.
In an electric circuit the direction of current in a cell is
(a) from positive to negative terminal
(b) from negative to positive terminal
(c) for half time from positive to negative terminal and for other half time from negative to positive terminal.
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) from positive to negative terminal

Question 6.
A subsance through which electric current can flow is :
(a) Conductor
(b) Insulator
(c) Electric circuit
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Conductor

Question 7.
Cell is a device used to convert:
(a) electrical energy into light energy
(b) magnetic energy into electric energy
(c) chemical energy into electrical energy
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) chemical energy into electrical energy

Question 8.
The filament of electric bulb is made of ……………
(a) Tungsten
(b) Copper
(c) Platinum
(d) Aluminium.
Answer:
(a) Tungsten

Question 9.
What is the name of a device used for making or breaking an electric circuit ?
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits 7
(a) cell
(b) wire
(c) bulb
(d) switch.
Answer:
(d) switch

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) A device that is used to break an electric circuit is called …………… .
Answer:
switch

(b) An electric cell has ……………… terminals.
Answer:
two

(d) Our body is a ……………….. of electricity.
Answer:
conductor

(e) Electric cell is a source of ……………….. .
Answer:
current

Write (T) against true and (F) against false statements:

(a) Electric current can flow through matals.
Answer:
True

(b) Instead of metal wires, a jute string can be used to make a circuit.
Answer:
False

(d) Switch can only break a circuit.
Answer:
False

(e) Electric current can pass through human body.
Answer:
True

Match the Column:

Match the items in Column A with items in Column B.

Column A	Column B
(1) Electric cell	Electric Insulators
(2) Bakelite	To protect themselves from electric shock
(3) Electric wires	Source of electric current
(4) Electricians use rubber gloves	Copper

Answer:
(1) – Source of electric current,
(2) – Electric Insulators,
(3) – Copper,
(4) – To protect themselves from electric shock.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the source of electric current on a torch ?
Answer:
In a torch electric energy is obtained from chemicals stored in the cell.

Question 2.
Where is electric cell used ?
Answer:
Electric cell is used in alarm clocks, hand watch, Radio, Camera and other devices.

Question 3.
What is the positive terminal of electric cell ?
Answer:
Carbon rod is the positive terminal of electric cell.

Question 4.
What is the negative terminal of cell ?
Answer:
Zinc disc is the negative terminal of electric cell.

Question 5.
When does electric cell stop working ?
Answer:
When the chemicals stored in the cell are consumed up. the cell stops doing work.

Question 6.
What is filament of bulb made of ?
Answer:
The thin metallic wire which gives out light is called filament.

Question 7.
What do the two terminals of Electric cell or electric bulb represent ?
Answer:
Two terminals of Electric bulb or electric cell represent positive terminal and negative terminal.

Question 8.
If you connect wires connected to two terminals of the cell to a switch and device like bulb then what will happen ?
Answer:
By doing so the chemicals stored in the cell would be used up.

Question 9.
What is Electric circuit ?
Answer:
Electric Circuit. It is the complete path between the two terminals of the cell for continuous flow of current.

Question 10.
What is the direction of flow of current in an electric circuit ?
Answer:
In an electric circuit, the direction of flow of current is from positive terminal to negative terminal of electric cell.

Question 11.
When does electric bulb fuse ?
Answer:
When the filament of the bulb is broken, then electric circuit does not become complete and as a result the bulb does not glow than the bulb is said to have become fused.

Question 12.
What is Switch ?
Answer:
Switch. It is a simple device which is used to make or break electric circuit.

Question 13.
What type of material can be used to complete electric circuit ?
Answer:
For making electric circuit electric conducting materials can be used.

Question 14.
List three such materials which are conductors of electricity.
Answer:

Keys
Alpins
Aluminium strip metal.

Question 15.
Name four electric insulating materials.
Answer:

Cork
Rubber
Glass
Block of wood.

Question 16.
Which metal is used for making electric wires ?
Answer:
Ordinarily copper and Aluminium metals are used for making electric wires.

Question 17.
Is our body a conductor or Insulator ?
Answer:
Human body is conductor of electricity. Therefore, we should not touch uncovered open wires.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the various tasks for which we can use electricity ?
Answer:
Uses of electricity :

We light our homes with electricity.
Electricity helps us to run fan, refrigerator, television and other devices.
Electricity can also work telephones and computers.

Question 2.
Why should an electrician use gloves while repairing an electric switch at your home ? Explain.
Answer:
Electricians use rubber gloves while repairing an electric switch as rubber is an insulator and current cannot pass through it. So electrician uses rubber gloves while carrying out electrical repairs without getting electric shock.

Question 3.
What is the purpose of using an electric switch ? Name some electrical gadgets that have switches built into them.
Answer:
Switches are used to light up an electric bulb and to work other electric devices. Switches used at homes work on same principle but they have complex designs. T.V., computer, automatic electric iron have switches built into them.

Question 4.
Would the bulb glow after completing the circuit shown in the figure; if instead of safety pin we use eraser ?
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits 8
No the bulb will not glow because eraser is a non-conducting (insulating) material which does not allow the current to pass through it and complete electric circuit.

Question 5.
Would the bulb light up in the circuit shown in the figure ?
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits 9
Yes, as the current flows easily because wire is connected directly and properly and moreover the circuit is complete.

Question 6.
Pick out conductors and insulators from the following:
Coin, cork, Glass, Rubber, Keys, Pin, Plastic scale, Wooden block, Aluminium foil, Candle, Sewing needle, Thermocol, Paper and Lead of pencil.
Answer:
Conductors. Coin, Keys, Pin, Aluminium foil, Sewing needle, pencil lead.
Insulators. Cork, Rubber, Glass, Plastic scale, Wooden block, Thermocol, Candle, Paper.

Question 7.
Why are metals used for making wire ?
Answer:
Metals are good conductors of electricity therefore, metals are used for making wires. Usually copper and aluminium, metals are used to make wires.

Question 8.
Why should we not keep connected the wires attached to the terminal of an electric cell to the bulb ?
Answer:
The wires attached to the two terminals of cell should not be kept connected to the bulb and devices like switch. If we will do so then the chemicals stored in the cell will be consumed quickly and the cell will stop working as a result of this.

Question 9.
What is the direction of electric current in an electric circuit ?
Answer:
In an electric circuit the direction of electric current will be from positive terminal (+) of the cell to its negative terminal (-) as shown in the figure. When the terminals of electric bulb are joined to the terminals of the cell with the help of connecting wires, then electric current flows through the filament of the bulb and the bulb lights up.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits 10

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Explain the construction and working of an electric bulb.
Answer:
Electric bulb.
It is an electric device that provides light when an electric current is passed through it.
Construction.
A bulb has an outer case of glass that is fixed on a metallic base as shown in the figure. A thin wire is fixed in the middle of the glass case which gives off light. This thin wire is called the filament. This filament is fixed to two other thick wires to provide support to the filament. One of two thick wires is connected to the metal case at the base of the bulb. The other thick wire is connected to the metal base. The base and the metal tip at the base are the two terminals of the bulb. These two terminals are so placed that they do not touch each other.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits 11
Working.
On connecting the bulb in an electric circuit electric current begins to flow through the filament of the bulb as a result of which the filament first becomes hot and then on more heating the temperature increases and it becomes red hot and ultimately white-hot and starts emitting light.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets

October 15, 2024October 14, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets

Science Guide for Class 6 PSEB Fun with Magnets Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 135)

Question 1.
Materials attracted by a magnet are called ……………….
(Magnetic/Non-magnetic)
Answer:
Materials attracted by a magnet are called magnetic.

Question 2.
Materials not attracted by a magnet are called ……………..
(Magnetic/Non-magnetic)
Answer:
Materials not attracted by a magnet are called Non-magnetic.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 136)

Question 1.
A freely suspended bar magnet always points towards direction:
(a) North-South (b) East-West
Answer:
A freely suspended bar magnet always points towards direction : North-South

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 138)

Question 1.
The poles of a bar magnet are ……………… to its ends. (near/far)
Answer:
The poles of a bar magnet are near to its ends.

Question 2.
Bar magnet has ……………… poles.
Answer:
Bar magnet has two poles.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 139)

Question 1.
Magnetic compass is a device to find the ……………. of earth, (directions/time)
Answer:
Magnetic compass is a device to find the directions of earth.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 140)

Question 1.
Like poles of two magnets ……………. each other. (Repel, Attract)
Answer:
Like poles of two magnets repel each other.

Question 2.
Unlike poles of two magnets …………… each other. (Repel, Attract)
Answer:
Unlike poles of two magnets attract each other.

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide Fun with Magnets Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercise – 1

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) Magnetite is ……………… magnet.
Answer:
natural

(b) Plastic is not a ……………… material.
Answer:
magnetic

(d) The poles of a bar magnet are at its ………………
Answer:
ends

(e) ………………. is used for finding directions on earth.
Answer:
Compass

2. Write True or False:

(a) Poles of a magnet can be separated.
Answer:
False

(b) A magnet does not attract glass material.
Answer:
True

(d) Magnetic compass always points towards East-West direction.
Answer:
False

(e) Magnets lose their property on hammering.
Answer:
True

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

Column A	Column B
1. Wood	(a) Repel
2. Iron	(b) Natural Magnet
3. North pole-North pole	(c) Non-magnetic material
4. Magnetite	(d) Attract
5. North pole-South pole	(e) Magnetic material

Answer:

Column A	Column B
1. Wood	(c) Non-magnetic material
2. Iron	(e) Magnetic material
3. North pole-North pole	(a) Repel
4. Magnetite	(b) Natural Magnet
5. North pole-South pole	(d) Attract

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Non-magnetic material is:
(a) Iron
(b) Needle
(c) Paper
(d) None of them.
Answer:
(c) Paper

Question (ii)
Which can be converted into magnet
(a) Eraser
(b) Iron Nail
(c) Wooden bar
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Iron Nail

Exercise – 2

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Write name of any two things used in our daily life that contains magnet.
Answer:
Things containing magnet in daily use : (1) Door Closer (2) Sticker (Chipko).

Question (ii)
When a bar magnet is placed on iron filings, where the filings will be attracted more ?
Answer:
When a bar magnet is placed on iron filings, the iron filings are attracted more at the poles of the magnet. This happens because a magnet has more attractive power at its poles.

Question (iii)
What is a Artificial Magnet ?
Answer:
Artificial Magnet. A magnet made by a man in the laboratory is called Artificial Magnet.

Question (iv)
Write any two properties of magnet ?
Answer:
Properties of Magnet :

A magnet when freely suspended always sets itself in North-South direction.
Every magnet has two poles : (a) North pole and the other (b) South pole which cannot be separated.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What is a magnet ? Name the poles of magnet.
Answer:
Magnet. A substance which attracts iron and substances made of iron towards itself, is called Magnet. Every magnet has two poles : (1) North pole and (2) South pole. These two poles cannot be separated.

Question (ii)
Give three reasons by which a magnet loses its property.
Answer:
Reasons by which a magnet loses its property :

By heating a magnet
By striking a magnet with hammer
Dropping a magnet from height
By not properly storing a magnet.

Question (iii)
What is a compass ? For what purpose it is used ?
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets 1
Magnetic compass.
It is an instrument which is used to determine the geographical directions of earth. It has a small magnetic needle enclosed in a plastic or aluminium circular box and is supported on a vertical axis. The needle can freely rotate in a horizontal direction freely.

The north pole of the needle is painted red to distinguish it from the other pole.
Geographical direction are marked on the dial of the compass.

Question (iv)
What are magnetic and non-magnetic materials ? Give examples.
Answer:
Magnetic materials.
Those substances which are attracted towards magnet, are called magnetic materials. As for example Iron, Cobalt and Nickle.

Non-magnetic materials.
Those materials which are not attracted towards magnet are called Non-magnetic materials e.g. Wood, Plastic, Paper and Cloth.

7. Long Answer Type Question:

Question (i)
How will you make your own magnet from a given strip of iron ? Describe.
Answer:
Method of making Iron strip a magnet (By Rubbing)
Take an iron strip. Place it on a table. Now take a bar magnet and place one of its pole on one end of the strip. Now without lifting the magnet rub it gently along the length of the strip to its other end. Now lift the magnet and bring the same pole of the magnet to the previous end of the strip. Rub the magnet as before. Repeat this process 30-40 times. Now to test whether the iron strip has become magnet or not, bring some alpins or some iron filings near one of its ends. If alpins/iron filings are attracted then the given iron strip has become magnet otherwise not. If not, then continue the process of rubbing till it acquires magnetism. Note that the rubbing pole and the direction of rubbing the strip does not change.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets 2

Precautions : (1) The direction of rubbing with magnet has to be the same.
(2) While rubbing the pole of the magnet should remain the same everytime.

Question (ii)
Give some uses of magnets in our daily life.
Answer:
Uses of magnets in daily life :

Magnet is used in hard disc of computers which we use daily.
Magnets are used in TV, speakers and radios magnet and coil used in speakers convert electric signals into sound.
These are used in generators which change mechanical energy into electric energy. In some other type of motors magnets are used to convert electric energy into mechanical energy.
Electrically charged magnets in cranes help to lift heavy iron loads and carry them from one place to another place which cannot be done by human labour.
Magnets are used in filter machines where are is separated from crushed rock pieces.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Fun with Magnets Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question (i)
A magnet has poles :
(a) Three
(b) One
(c) Two
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Two

Question (ii)
A magnet attracts :
(a) Iron
(b) Rubber
(c) Glass
(d) Wood.
Answer:
(a) Iron

Question (iii)
On suspending a magnet freely it always stays in:
(a) North-West direction
(b) North-East direction
(c) North-South direction
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) North-South direction

Question (iv)
A magnet made from iron is called:
(a) Artificial magnet
(b) Natural magnet
(c) Spherical ended magnet
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Artificial magnet

Question (v)
To preserve the properties of a magnet the pairs of magnet should be with:
(a) similar poles near each other
(b) dissimilar poles near each other
(c) poles struck with hammer
(d) none of these.
Answer:
(b) dissimilar poles near each other

Question (vi)
For ascertaining direction is used :
(a) Magnous rod
(b) Non-magnetic substances
(c) Compass
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Compass

Question (vii)
In which part of the magnet, the force of attraction is maximum ?
(a) At the ends
(b) In the middle
(c) Between the end and the centre of magnet
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) At the ends

Question (viii)
The similar poles of the magnet mutually :
(a) attract each other
(b) repel each other
(c) neither attract nor repel
(d) none of these.
Answer:
(b) repel each other

Question (ix)
Between dissimilar poles of a magnet there is :
(a) Attraction
(b) Repulsion
(c) Neither attraction nor repulsion
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Attraction

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) Artificial magnets are made in different shapes such as …………….. , …………… and ……………..
Answer:
bar magnets, horse-shoe magnet, cylindrical,

(b) The materials which are attracted towards magnet are called ………………
Answer:
Magnetic materials

(d) In olden days, sailor used to find direction by suspending a piece of ………………
Answer:
Natural magnet (load stone)

(e) A magnet always has ……………… poles.
Answer:
two

Write (T) against true and (F) against false Statements:

(a) A cylindrical magnet has only one pole.
Answer:
False

(b) Artificial magnets were discovered in Greece.
Answer:
False

(d) Maximum iron filings stick in the middle of a bar magnet when it is brought near them.
Answer:
False

(e) Bar magnet always point towards North-South direction.
Answer:
True

(f) A compass can be used to find East-West direction at any place.
Answer:
True

(g) Rubber is a magnetic material.
Answer:
False

Matching Match the following:

Column A	Column B
(1) To find geographical direction at a place	Natural magnet
(2) Two dissimilar poles	Rubbing with a permanent magnet
(3) Freely suspended magnet stays	Magnetic compass
(4) An iron needle becomes megnet	Attract
(5) Magnetite	North-South direction

Answer:
(1) – Natural magnet,
(2) – Rubbing with a permanent magnet.
(3) – Magnetic compass,
(4) – Attract,
(5) – North-South direction

Very short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Where are stickers (Chipko) generally used ?
Answer:
Stickers are generally used in steel almirahs or refrigerators so that these do not open when not required.

Question 2.
Name some four common things which have magnet in them.
Answer:

Pin holder,
Pencil box,
Tape recorder and
Radio.

Question 3.
Name the shepherd who first discovered natural magnet.
Answer:
Magnus.

Question 4.
What is natural magnet ?
Answer:
Natural magnet. Natural rock of magnetite found in the form of magnet is called natural magnet.

Question 5.
Name three magnetic substances.
Answer:

Iron
Nickle
Cobalt.

Question 6.
List four non-magnetic substances.
Answer:

Plastic
Cloth
Paper
Wood.

Question 7.
How iron particles separated from a mixture of iron, sand and dust ?
Answer:
Iron particles can be separated from the mixture with the help of a magnet.

Question 8.
Where do iron particles stick more at the middle of the poles of a magnet ?
Answer:
Iron particles stick more at the poles of a magnet than in the middle.

Question 9.
In which direction a freely suspended magnet stays ?
Answer:
A freely suspended magnet always stays in the North-South direction.

Question 10.
What is North pole of a magnet ?
Answer:
The end of a freely suspended magnet which points towards the geographical North is called North pole of magnet.

Question 11.
What is South pole of a magnet ?
Answer:
That end of a freely suspended magnet which points towards geographical South pole is called South pole of magnet.

Question 12.
Which property of magnet is used to determine the direction ?
Answer:
A freely suspended magnet always points in N-S direction. This property is used to determine the direction.

Question 13.
Which instrument is used to find direction ?
Answer:
Magnetic compass.

Question 14.
Do the like poles of two magnets attract or repel each other ?
Answer:
Like poles of two magnets repel each other.

Question 15.
Do unlike poles of two magnets attract or repel each other ?
Answer:
Unlike-poles of two magnets attract each other.

Question 16.
Where are poles of bar magnet situated ?
Answer:
Poles of bar magnet are situated near its ends.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How was natural magnet discovered ?
Answer:
It is believed that there was a shepherd named Magnes, who lived in ancient Greece. He used to take his herd of sheep and goats to the nearby mountains, for grazing. He would take a stick with him to control his herd. At one end of the stick there was a small piece of iron attached. One day while sitting on a rock, he was surprised to find that he had to pull hard to free his stick from that rock. He felt as if the stick was being attracted by the rock. Actually the rock was a natural magnet. This is how natural magnet was discovered. It was given the name magnetite after his own name.

Question 2.
What is magnet ? What are its different types ?
Answer:
Magnet. A magnet is a substance which attracts iron and iron made things towards it. When freely suspended it points in the North-South direction.

Types of Magnets. Mainly it is of two types.
(i) Natural magnet and
(ii) Artificial magnet

(i) Natural magnet. A magnet found in the nature is called natural magnet. Magnetite is a natural magnet.

(ii) Artificial magnet. A man made magnet is called Artificial magnet. Artificial magnets are made in different shapes. For example Bar magnet, Horse-shoe shaped magnet, Ring magnet, cylinderical magnet, Ball ended magnet.

Question 3.
It was observed that a pencil sharpener gets attracted by both the poles of a magnet although its body is made of plastic. Name a material that might have been used to make some part of it.
Answer:
The blade of sharpener is made of iron which is a magnetic material. Therefore, it is attracted by both poles of a magnet.

Question 4.
How will you separate iron particles from the sand or soil ?
Answer:
Spread mixture of sand and iron particles on a piece of paper. Move a magnet through the mixture. Iron particles will stick to the magnet. In this way, iron particles can be separated from sand or soil.

Question 5.
Show that the strength of a magnet is more at the poles that in the middle.
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets 3
Take a bar magnet and some iron fillings. Now spread iron filings on a sheet of a paper and then put the bar magnet on the filings. We will observe that iron filings are attracted by magnet most on the both ends of the magnet as shown in the figure.

This activity shows that the strength of the magnet is more at the poles than in the middle of it

Question 6.
Column I shows different positions in which one pole of magnet is placed near that of other. Column II indicates the resulting action between them for each situation. Fill in the blanks.

Column I	Column II
N – N	………………
N …………	Attraction
S – N	…………..
…….. S	Repulsion

Answer:

Column I	Column II
N – N	Repulsion
N – S	Attraction
S – N	Attraction
S – S	Repulsion

Question 7.
A bar magnet has no marking to indicate its poles. How would you find out near which end is its north pole located ?
Answer:
Identifying poles of a magnet. Take a bar magnet with poles marked on it. Suspend it freely with a thread from a wooden stand. Now take the unmarked bar magnet. Bring its one pole towards the north pole of the magnet suspended from the wooden stand. If it attracts then -it is south pole otherwise it is north pole and the other pole will be south pole.

Question 8.
Write any four properties of a magnet.
Answer:
Properties of a magnet.

Magnet has two poles, which cannot be isolated.
Magnet always rests in North-south direction when suspended freely.
Like poles of a magnet repel each other while unlike pole attract each other.
Magnet attracts magnetic substances like iron, cobalt, nickel etc.
When a magnetic substance is rubbed with magnet, it also becomes a magnet.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is artificial magnet ? Give one method of making an artificial magnet.
Answer:
Artificial magnet. A magnet made by man is called artificial magnet. It can be of different shapes e.g.
(i) Bar magnet (ii) Horse shoe shaped (U-shaped) magnet (iii) cylinderical magnet.
Method of making an artificial magnet.
Method of making Iron strip a magnet (By Rubbing)
Take an iron strip. Place it on a table. Now take a bar magnet and place one of its pole on one end of the strip. Now without lifting the magnet rub it gently along the length of the strip to its other end. Now lift the magnet and bring the same pole of the magnet to the previous end of the strip. Rub the magnet as before. Repeat this process 30-40 times. Now to test whether the iron strip has become magnet or not, bring some alpins or some iron filings near one of its ends. If alpins/iron filings are attracted then the given iron strip has become magnet otherwise not. If not, then continue the process of rubbing till it acquires magnetism. Note that the rubbing pole and the direction of rubbing the strip does not change.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets 2

Precautions : (1) The direction of rubbing with magnet has to be the same.
(2) While rubbing the pole of the magnet should remain the same everytime.

Question 2.
Show experimentally that like poles repel and unlike poles attract each other.
Answer:
Experiment to show like poles repel and unlike poles attract each other. Take two bar magnets. Suspend one of these bar magnets by a string at some distance away from the other magnet and mark its north and south poles. Now, hold the first magnet in your hand and brings its north pole close to each pole of the suspended magnet, one by one. Repeat the same experiment now with the south pole of the bar magnet held in your hand. You will observe that the north poles of the two magnets, repel one another. The same is true for their south poles. However, the north pole of one magnet attracts the south pole of the other and vice-versa.

The observations can be summarised in the following way:
Like poles repel each other and unlike poles attract each other.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets 4

Question 3.
What is a magnetic compass ? Explain it.
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets 5
Compass.
This is a device which is used to find the directions. It is based on principle that a magnet always rests in North-South direction when suspended freely.

Construction.
A magnetic compass consists of a small magnet pivoted at its centre so that it can rotate freely about that pointed in the horizontal plane. Its north pole is generally paintd red and is enclosed in a small box of aluminium having a glass cover. Its needle always comes to rest in north-south direction. It is used to find directions at any place. Fig. Magnetic Compass

Question 4.
How are magnets’ safety preserved?
Answer:
If the magnets are not kept properly, they get weaken with time. To store magnets safely the following arrangement should be made.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets 6
1. The opposite poles should be kept near each other with a strip of wood in between them and also place some soft iron pieces near their ends.
2. To store a horseshoe magnet place a soft iron piece in between its poles.
Keep your magnets away from Cassettes Mobiles, Televisions, Music systems, CDs, Computer, etc.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

October 15, 2024October 14, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks :

(a) The respiratory organs of fish are ………………
Answer:
Gills

(b) Environment consist of ……………. and ……………… component.
Answer:
Biotic and Abiotic

(d) Animals that live on land are called …………………
Answer:
Terrestrial animals

(e) All ……………….. beings show growth and reproduction.
Answer:
Living

2. Write True or False:

(a) Cactus carry out photosynthesis using their stems.
Answer:
True

(b) A camel’s hump stores food and water.
Answer:
False

(d) Biotic components consist of water, air and soil.
Answer:
False

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

Column A	Column B
1. Main source of energy on earth	(a) Plants or animals
2. Arboreal	(b) Waxy coating on stem
3. Cactus	(c) Monkey
4. Biotic components	(d) The sun.

Answer:

Column A	Column B
1. Main source of energy on earth	(d) The sun
2. Arboreal	(c) Monkey
3. Cactus	(b) Waxy coating on stem
4. Biotic components	(a) Plants or animals.

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Abiotic components include:
(a) Air, water, plants
(b) Air, water, soil
(c) Plants and animals
(d) Soil, plants, water.
Answer:
(c) Plants and animals

Question (ii)
Cactus is a ……………..
(a) Xerophyte
(b) Decomposer
(c) Hydrophyte
(d) Herb.
Answer:
(a) Xerophyte

Question (iii)
…………….. have a streamlined body.
(a) Earthworms
(b) Tigers
(c) Fishes
(d) Polar bears.
Answer:
(b) Tigers

Question (iv)
Organisms living in water are called ……………….. animals.
(a) Aquatic
(b) Terrestrial
(c) Xerophytes
(d) Aerial.
Answer:
(a) Aquatic

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Define habitat.
Answer:
The place where living beings live is called Habitat.

Question (ii)
Define adaptation.
Answer:
The ability of living things to adjust themselves to their surroundings is called adaptation.

Question (iii)
Give two examples -each of terrestrial and aquatic animals.
Answer:
Terrestrial animals : Monkey, Human beings

Question (iv)
What are the producers ?
Answer:
Organisms that can manufacture their own food are called producers.

Question (v)
What are biotic components ?
Answer:
Living things like plants, animals, human beings and micro-organisms in a habitat are biotic components.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Define scavengers and decomposers.
Answer:
Scavengers. The animals that feed on dead animals and help us in keeping our environment clean, e.g. vultures, dogs etc.

Decomposers. Micoorganisms which feed on dead bodies of plants and animals and break them into simple substances are called Decomposers.

Question (ii)
What are two adaptations of fish ?
Answer:
Two adaptations of fish are :

They have streamlined body to reduce resistance due to water.
Fins in fish and flippers in whales help them in swimming.

Question (iii)
Which animal is called ‘ship of desert’ ? Write its two features.
Answer:
Camel is known as ‘ship of desert’.

Question (iv)
What is Hibernation ? Give one example.
Answer:
The long winter sleep of animals for survival is called Hibernation.
For example : Frogs, Lizards.

7. Long Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Write short notes on :
(1) Producers
(2) Consumers
(3) Decomposers.
Answer:
(1) Producers. Organisms that can manufacture their own food are called producers. For example, green plants make their own food by photosynthesis.

(2) Consumers. Organisms that cannot prepare their own food but consume food pepared by green plants are consumers. They also obtain their food by eating other living or dead animals.

Types of Consumers :
(a) Primary Consumers or Herbivores. Animals that get their food directly from plants are Herbivores, e.g. cow, dear, goat etc.
(b) Secondary Consumers or Carnivores. They eat primary consumers, e.g. snakes, frog, lizard.
(c) Tertiary Consumers. They eat secondary consumers, e.g. lion, tiger, leopards etc.

(3) Decomposers. The microorganisms which fed on the dead bodies of plants and animals and break them into simple substances are caled Decomposers, e.g. Bacteria and fungi.

Question (ii)
Briefly describe the various types of habitats.
Answer:
Types of Habitat. There are three main kinds of habitat :
(1) Terrestrial
(2) Aquatic and
(3) Aerial or Arboreal Habitat.

(1) Terrestrial habitat. The organisms that live on land are called Terrestrial organisms and their habitat is terrestrial habitat. Examples of terrestrial habitats are desert, grasslands, mountain.

(2) Aquatic (water) habitat. Organisms that live in lakes, ponds, rivers and oceans are aquatic organisms and their habitats are aquatic habitat. Examples of aquatic habitats are Oceans, seas, certain lakes etc.

(3) Aerial or Arboreal habitat. Organisms that live in air are called aerial or arboreal animals and their habitats are called aerial or arboreal habitats. Most birds and winged animals are arboreal in habit. Organisms are adapted for aerial existence as no organism is bom in air.

Question (iii)
Distinguish between living and non-living things.
Answer:

Living things	Non-living things
(1) Living things grow.	(1) They do not grow.
(2) They show movement.	(2) They never move.
(3) They can reproduce.	(3) They cannot reproduce.
(4) Living things can respire.	(4) They do not respire.
(5) Living beings need food.	(5) They don’t feed.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
Pick out living among following :
(a) Plough
(b) Mushroom
(c) Water
(d) Wool.
Answer:
(b) Mushroom

Question 2.
The process by which waste materials of a body are thrown out, is:
(a) Digestion
(b) Excretion
(c) Reproduction
(d) None.
Answer:
(b) Excretion

Question 3.
Gills are breathing organs of :
(a) Fishes
(b) Frog
(c) Flies
(d) None.
Answer:
(a) Fishes

Question 4.
Pups of a dog grows into adult. This characteristic of living organisms is
(a) Reproduction
(b) Growth
(c) Respiration
(d) None
Answer:
(b) Growth

Question 5.
Basic unit of life is:
(a) Tissue
(b) Organ
(c) Cell
(d) None
Answer:
(c) Cell

Question 6.
Average life span of Bacteria is :
(a) Two days
(b) 20 minutes
(c) 10 seconds
(d) 20 seconds
Answer:
(b) 20 minutes

Question 7.
Which of the following is a Decomposer ?
(a) Lion
(b) Deer
(c) Monkey
(d) Bacterium.
Answer:
(d) Bacterium.

Question 8.
Plants live on desert area are:
(a) Hydrophytes
(b) Xerophytes
(c) Aquatic
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) Xerophytes

Question 9.
Which of the following has webbed feet for swimming ?
(a) Fishes
(b) Whales
(c) Jelly fish
(d) Duck.
Answer:
(d) Duck.

Question 10.
Forelimbs are modified in :
(a) Animals
(b) Plants
(c) Birds
(d) None.
Answer:
(c) Birds

Fill in the Blanks :

(a) In every habitat, there are many ……………… of various kinds.
Answer:
organisms

(b) Bones are …………… in aerial organisms.
Answer:
hollow

(d) The plants live in water are ………………..
Answer:
Hydrophytes

(e) In cactus plants, leaves are reduced to ……………….
Answer:
spines

(f) Lion and …………… are animals of ………………..
Answer:
deer, grasslands

(g) Steamlined body is present in …………………
Answer:
fishes

(h) Frogs have ……………….. feet to swim in water.
Answer:
webbed

(i) The ability of animals to adapt themselves according to the environment is called ………………
Answer:
Adaptation

(j) …………….. feed on dead animals.
Answer:
Scavangers

True/False:

(a) There is lot of water available in deserts.
Answer:
False

(b) All animals cannot adapt themselves to their surroundings.
Answer:
False

(d) Desert plants have deep roots for absorbing water.
Answer:
True

(e) Snow leopard has no fur to cover its body.
Answer:
False

(f) All living organisms excrete.
Answer:
True

(g) Aquatic plants are found on the land.
Answer:
False

(h) Frogs have strong back legs for jumping.
Answer:
True

(i) Car, scooter, bus etc. are moving but are non-living.
Answer:
True

(j) All living things have same characteristics.
Answer:
True

Match the following:

Column A	Column B
(1) Hydrilla	Webbed feet
(2) Cactus	Streamlined body
(3) Ducks	Modified leaves into spines
(4) Whales	Hydrophytic plant

Answer:
(1) Hydrilla – Hydrophytic plant
(2) Cactus – Modified leaves into spines
(3) Ducks – Webbed feet
(4) Whales – Streamlined body.

(b)

Column A	Column B
(1) Camel	Cold habitat
(2) Lion	Aerial Habitat
(3) Bat	Desert animal
(4) Penguine	Aquatic animal
(5) Fish	Terrestrial animal

Answer:
(1) Camel – Desert animal
(2) Lion – Terrestrial animal
(3) Bat – Aerial Habitat
(4) Penguine – Cold habitat
(5) Fish – Aquatic animal.

(c)

Column A	Column B
(1) Vultures	Consumers/carnivores
(2) Fungi	Producers
(3) Green plants	Decomposers
(4) Lion	Scavengers

Answer:
(1) Vultures – Scavengers
(2) Fungi – Decomposers
(3) Green plants – Producers
(4) Lion – Consumers/camivores.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the trees found on mountains.
Answer:
Oaks, pines, deodars.

Question 2.
Give example of unicellular organisms.
Answer:
Amoeba.

Question 3.
Why do living beings need food ?
Answer:
They need food to cany out their daily activities.

Question 4.
Define stimuls.
Answer:
Living things respond to immediate and long term changes in their environment called stimulus.

Question 5.
What do you mean by life span ?
Answer:
The duration if life for which living organisms live.

Question 6.
What is life span of a housefly ?
Answer:
1 – 4 years.

Question 7.
Can plants reproduce ?
Answer:
Yes, they reproduce with the help of seeds.

Question 8.
Define respiration.
Answer:
Process of taking oxygen in, combining with food and throwing out carbon dioxide and water vapour.

Question 9.
How do plants take carbon dioxide ?
Answer:
Through stomata.

Question 10.
In what forms our body excrete ?
Answer:
Our body exretes in the form of urine, faeces, sweat and exhaled air.

Question 11.
Why do organisms move ?
Answer:
They move to protect themselves from their enemies and natural calamities.

Question 12.
Where cactus plants grow ?
Answer:
Cactus grows in hot and dry areas of deserts.

Question 13.
Name some tertiary consumers.
Answer:
Lion, tiger, leopards.

Question 14.
How sunlight is helpful ?
Answer:
Plants make their food with the help of sunlight.

Question 15.
How water is essential ?
Answer:
Water is essential for life as the bodies of plants and animals contain large amounts of water.

Question 16.
How cactus is adapted in xerophytic conditions ?
Answer:
Cactus have very long roots, small leaves or spines and wax coated stem to conserve water.

Question 17.
Who is “ship of desert” ?
Answer:
Camel.

Question 18.
What is the function of Humb in camels ?
Answer:
It stores fat as reserve food.

Question 19.
What is the role of air bladder in Ducks ?
Answer:
They help ducks to float on water.

Question 20.
Name the animals who Hibernate.
Answer:
Frogs, Lizards, Bears.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is function of scales on the body of fish ?
Answer:
Functions of scales. The scales present on the body of fish are slippery in nature. They protect the fish and help for easy movement in water.

Question 2.
Why do camels have long legs ?
Answer:
Camels have long legs to keep its body away from the intense heat during hot days.

Question 3.
How are animals adapted to live in mountain regions ?
Answer:
Adaptations of animals for living in mountain regions.

Thick skin or fur to protect from cold e.g. yak.
Strong hooves (goat) for running up rocky slopes.

Question 4.
Name the sea animals which do not have gills. How do they respire ?
Answer:
Dolphins and Whales do not have gills. They respire through nostrils or blowholes, which are present on the upper parts of their heads. They swim near to the surface and breathe in fresh air. They can stay inside the water for a long time without breathing.

Question 5.
Define respiration, growth, and excretion.
Answer:
Respiration. The process of taking in oxygen and giving out carbondioxide is called respiration.
Growth. The process of changing from a child to a-grown up is called growth. A seed grows into a plant.

Excretion. The process of throwing out waste materials from the body is known as excretion.

Question 6.
Show with an example that living things respond to stimuli.
Answer:
Living things respond to stimuli. When we move from a dark room into bright sunlight, our eyes shut themselves automatically for a moment to adjust themselves to the changed conditions. Similarly, when light is switched on in a dark room, cockroaches run to move in dark comers. Some plants also respond to light and touch (e.g. Touch-me not).

Question 7.
What are adaptations of camel ?
Answer:

Camel has no sweat glands in order to reduce water loss.
Hump is present to reserve food in the form of fat.
They have thick skin to bear heat of desert.
Their toes are bread and pedded that are suitable for walking on hot and loose sand.

Question 8.
Write the adaptations of hydrophyts.
Answer:

They have poorly developed roots.
Their stems are flexible
Leaves are wax coated.

Question 9.
What do you mean by terrestrial and aquatic habitat ?
Answer:
Terrestrial habitat. This includes habitat of all the organisms which live and propagate on land. Example; Cow, camel, horse, dog are terrestrial organisms and forest is their terrestrial habitat.

Aquatic habitat. The habitats of plants and animals that live in water are called aquatic habitat. Examples : fishes, crocodile, snake etc. are aquatic organisms and water is their aquatic habitat.

Question 10.
What are biotic and abiotic components ?
Answer:
All living organisms like plants, animals and human beings include biotic components. All non-living parts such as light, water, soil and air are abiotic components.

Question 11.
What are the characteristics of xerophytes ?
Answer:
Characteristics of Xerophytes.

These plants have extensive long root system.
The stem of plants become thick and store water. Example, Opuntia.
Leaves are modified into spines as in cactus.
Leaves are coated with cuticle to check the loss of water.

Question 12.
Write physical conditions of Terrestrial habitat.
Answer:
Physical conditions of terrestrial habitat,

Oxygen supply is uniform, sufficient and easily available.
Temperature varies from place to place and season to season.
Light is available in sufficient quantity and for sufficient duration.
In certain region organisms have to adapt to avoid dehydration.

Question 13.
Write physical conditions of aquatic habitat.
Answer:
Physical conditions of aquatic habitat,

Except in deep ocean, uniform supply of light, temperature, oxygen is available.
Light and temperature vary in deep oceans at different depths.
Pressure also varies in deep oceans at different depths.

Question 14.
Write the main characteristics of living and nor living things.
Answer:
We have many things around us which are two types i.e. living and non-living.
Living things. In living things life processes take place, so they need food. They grow upto a certain age. They respire and respond to external stimuli. They have ability to produce their young ones. They die after a certain age.

Non-living things. In non-living things, no life processes take place, so they do not need food. They do not grow and do not respond to external stimuli. They do not excrete. There is no death in the case of non-living things.

Question 15.
What are hydrophytes ?
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings 1
Hydrophytes. These are the plants which grow in watery places or the places which remain wet throughout the year. Examples : Hydrilla, Pista,
Lotus, Vallsneria.

Question 16.
What are the differences between Aquatic and Terrestrial habitat ?
Answer:
Difference between Aquatic and Terrestrial habitat:

Aquatic habitat	Terrestrial habitat
(1) These include habitat of organisms that live and propagate in water.	(1) These include habitat of organisms that live and propagate on land.
(2) Water absorbs and loses heat gradually therefore, sudden fluctuation in temperature is not found in aquatic habitat.	(2) The terrestrial habitat have rapid fluctuation in the climate, temperature, moisture, i.e. it is not uniform everywhere.

Question 17.
What are unicellular of multicellular organisms ?
Answer:
Organisms made up of only one cell are Unicellular organisms, e.g. : Amoeba, Paramoecium. Organisms made up of large number of cells are called multicellular organisms, e.g. Humans, cat, dog etc.

Question 18.
What do you mean by excretion ? Write different modes of excretion in animals.
Answer:
Excretion.
The process of getting rid of waste or removal of waste materials from body is called excretion.

Mode of Excretion.
Larger animals even the human beings remove these wastes in the form of fluids like urine and faecal matter. The removal of waste is necessary since these may be poisonous and harmful to the organism.

Smaller organisms like bacteria, amoeba (one celled animals) remove their waste through body surfaces.

Question 19.
Differentiate living and non-livings on the basis of Growth and Respiration.
Answer:
Living organisms can grow as well as respire but non-living cannot.

Question 20.
What are the saline water habitats and fresh water habitats include ?
Answer:
Fresh water habitat. Rivers, ponds, lakes.
Saline water habitat. Oceans, seas, certain lakes.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by the term ‘Adaptation’ ?
Answer:
Adaptation.
The development of characteristics which help an organism to sun’ive in a particular environment is known as adaptation.
Adaptation commonly involves a combination of characteristics, shape, size, structure, colour and mode of life. For example, a fish shows many adaptations for aquatic life. It has a streamlined body provided with fins which enables it to swim in water, presence of gills for breathing.

Question 2.
How biotic and abiotic components of a habitat are interacted ? Draw its chart also.
Answer:
Interaction of biotic and abiotic environment.
All biotic components such as plants, animals and micro-organisms are influenced by abiotic components such as water, light, air, oxygen and temperature in different ways. Green plants prepare their own food and all the animals depend upon plants for the food. Some animals feed on other animals. Plants also provide shelter to the animals thus all the organisms are related through food chain.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings 2
After death and decay of the plants and animals, they are decomposed into simple minerals into soil. These minerals are again used by plants through the roots. Thus they are interrelated and share common surroundings.

Thus we see that all the plants and animals and the abiotic components involving air. light, water are related and interdependent on each other in the habitat.

Question 3.
In what ways living things differ from non-living things ?
Answer:
Differences between living and non-living things :

Living things	Non-living things
(1) Food is necessary for the life processes in living things.	(1) In non-living things, no life processes take place, so they do not need food.
(2) Respiration is necessary for living things.	(2) There is no respiration in non-living things.
(3) Living things grow upto a certain age.	(3) These do not grow on their own.
(4) Living things respond to external stimuli.	(4) Non-living things do not respond to external stimuli.
(5) Living things excrete waste product from their body.	(5) Non-living things do not excrete.
(6) Living things produce their young ones.	(6) There is no procreation in non-living things.
(7) The body structure of living things is cellular.	(7) Non-living things do not have cellular body.

Question 4.
How is camel adapted for xeric adaptation / deserts ?
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings 2
The camel is superbly adapted for xeric conditions that is why it is rightly called the ‘ship of the desert’. The following adaptations are found in camel :

It uses its entire foot while walking and its hooves are covered by a large sole which helps it to move on hot, slippery sand.
It has a hump on the back which is filled with fat. This stores food that is utilized during the time when the camel does not get anything to eat.
It can drink as much as 50 litres of water in one gulp when water is available to it.
It excretes very little water from its body.
It passes nearly dry dung.
It does not perspire.

Question 5.
What are the abiotic components? Explain.
Answer:
The non-living components like rocks, roil, air, water, sunlight, temperature are abiotic components

Air. Both plants and animals require air to live. Animals take oxygen and give out carbon dioxide while plants give out oxygen and take carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis also takes place in the air.
Soil. It contains water, air, and living organisms. It provides nutrients to plants.
Sunlight. Plants perform photosynthesis in the presence of sunlight. Humans require sunlight for vitamin D. So, All organisms depend on sunlight directly and indirectly.
Water. Water is essential for life as it is present in large amounts in plants and animals.
Temperature. All living organisms can receive only within a specific range of temperature

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Garbage Management and Disposal

October 14, 2024October 13, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 16 Garbage Management and Disposal Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 16 Garbage Management and Disposal

Science Guide for Class 6 PSEB Garbage Management and Disposal Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 164)

Question 1.
Vegetable peels are ………………… waste. (Biodegradable/Non-Biodegradable)
Answer:
Biodegradable.

Question 2.
Glass is a ………………. waste. (Biodegradable/Non-Biodegradable)
Answer:
Non-Biodegradable.

Question 3.
Plant leaves are ………………. waste. (Biodegradable/Non-Biodegradable)
Answer:
Biodegradable.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 165)

Question 1.
Compost is rich in nutrients. (True/False)
Answer:
True.

Question 2.
We can use non-Biodegradable waste in composting. (True/False)
Answer:
False.

Question 3.
Vermicomposting is done by ……………..
Answer:
Earthworms.

Question 4.
Kitchen waste (biodegradable waste) is used in Vermicomposting. (True/False)
Answer:
True.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 167)

Question 1.
We can also recycle glass and metals to useful product. (True/False)
Answer:
True.

Question 2.
The process of changing the waste and non-useable materials into useful material is called recycling. (True/False)
Answer:
True.

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide Garbage Management and Disposal Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(a) Solid waste is commonly called ………….. .
Answer:
garbage

(b) Plastic is a ……………….. material.
Answer:
non-biodegradable

(d) …………… dustbin is used for collecting non-biodegradable waste.
Answer:
Blue

2. Write True or False:

(a) Green dustbin is used for collecting non-biodegradable waste.
Answer:
False

(b) Biomedical wastes are hazardous and infectious.
Answer:
True

(d) Landfill site is ideal for making parks and playgrounds.
Answer:
True

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

Column A	Column B
1. Biomedical waste	(a) fly ash
2. Industrial waste	(b) medicines and syringes
3. Domestic waste	(c) Paddy husk
4. Agricultural waste	(d) vegetable peels

Answer:

Column A	Column B
1. Biomedical waste	(b) medicines and syringes
2. Industrial waste	(a) fly ash
3. Domestic waste	(d) vegetable peels
4. Agricultural waste	(c) Paddy husk

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Hospital waste is generally:
(a) Recycled
(b) Incinerated
(c) Dumped in landfill
(d) Composted.
Answer:
(b) Incinerated

Question (ii)
The earthworms used for composting are called:
(a) Redworms
(b) Blueworms
(c) Greenworms
(d) Whiteworms.
Answer:
(a) Redworms

Question (iii)
……………. is a non-biodegradable waste.
(a) Plastic
(b) paper
(c) Vegetable
(d) Animal dung.
Answer:
(a) Plastic

Question (iv)
We can recycle ……………. .
(a) Glass
(b) Metals
(c) Plastic
(d) All.
Answer:
(d) All.

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What is meant by dump ?
Answer:
The low lying areas used for disposing off garbage are called dumps.

Question (ii)
What type of garbage is collected in blue dustbin and green dustbin ?
Answer:
Blue dustbins are used for collecting non-biodegradable wastes like polythene bags, plastics, glass, etc.
Green dustbins are used for collecting biodegradable wastes like sewage waste, news papers, etc.

Question (iii)
What is meant by recycling ?
Answer:
The process of changing the waste and non-useable materials into useful material is called recycling.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Distinguish between biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste.
Answer:

Biodegradable	Non-biodegradable waste
(1) Waste materials that can be decomposed by micro-organisms.	(1) The waste materials that cannot be decomposed easily.
(2) For example-Sewage waste, vegetable peels, etc.	(2) For example-Plastics, glass, chemicals, construction site wastes, etc.
(3) Such wastes are not harmful to environment.	(3) Such wastes are harmful to environment.

Question (ii)
What is vermicomposting ? How is it done ?
Answer:
The method used to prepare compost with the help of earthworms is called vermicomposting. The redworms eat the waste material using their gizzards along with soil and convert it into compost.

7. Long Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Explain how plastic is a boon.
Answer:
Plastic is a latest addition to our development. It is prepared chemically. It has become part of our life. It has both aspects – useful and harmful.

Useful aspects. Everything found around us is made of plastic – shoes, toys, buckets, tubes, pens, bags etc. Even electronic things have plastic components. Life seems to come to an end when we consider to abolish plastic. It is used for making things because it is tough, hard, shiny, durable and above all inexpensive.
From the different uses we can consider that plastic is a boon.

Question (ii)
List various methods of garbage disposal. Explain any one.
Answer:
There are three methods for disposal of garbage. These are :
(1) Composting
(2) Landfill
(3) Incineration
Landfilling. This is a commonly used method for disposing the waste.

Method : Collect the garbage from house and separate it into two groups before it is thrown into the dustbin.
Group I : Garbage from the kitchen like fruits and vegetable peels, egg shells, tea leaves etc.

Group II : Pieces of cloth, polythene bags, broken glass, old shoes, aluminium wrappers etc. Make separate heaps of this garbage and labelled as A, B, C and D. Put these into . separate plastic bags. Tie the mouth of these bags tightly. Put the four heaps in separate pits and cover them with the soil. This way of dumping is done in open land. The dumped content, with time changes to garbage.

Question (iii)
Explain the 4R’s.
Answer:
4R’s are used for waste management. These are (1) Reuse, (2) Reduce (3) Recycle and (4) Refuse.

(1) Reuse. It means to use an item again instead of throwing it away. We can reuse things after separating. For example fans and mobiles can be reused.

(2) Reduce. Reducing the amount of waste we produce is the best way to protect our environment. We can use glass and metal utensils instead of disposable utensils.

(3) Recycle. Conversion of waste material into usable form is called recycling of the waste. We can recycle old news papers into cardboard. Similarly plastic, glass, metals can be recycled.

(4) Refuse. Refuse the plastic and polythene bags. Disposable plastic pollutes our environment. For example using a reusable metal water bottle instead of disposable water bottle.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Garbage Management and Disposal Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question (i)
Name the material which can be recycled ?
(a) paper
(b) old clothes
(c) toys
(d) all.
Answer:
(d) all

Question (ii)
Domestic waste constitutes :
(a) bandages
(b) kitchen waste
(c) syringes
(d) none.
Answer:
(b) kitchen waste

Question (iii)
The following item is not one of the waste material:
(a) broken glass
(b) a new bottle
(c) wrappers
(d) broken toy.
Answer:
(b) a new bottle

Question (iv)
Some animals die when they swallow
(a) fruit peels
(b) pieces of clothes
(c) plastic bags
(d) food.
Answer:
(c) plastic bags

Question (v)
Red worms survive at:
(a) high temperature
(b) low temperature
(c) average temperature
(d) none.
Answer:
(c) average temperature

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) All the wrapping materials go out as ………………..
Answer:
garbage

(b) Garbage has both ……………….. and non-useful components.
Answer:
useful

(d) ……………. , ……………………. and ……………. do not rot in the garbage heaps.
Answer:
Iron, glass, plastic

(e) The rotting and conversion of some materials into ……………… is called composting.
Answer:
manure

(f) The food of red worms is ……………….. and ……………….. waste.
Answer:
fruit, vegetables

(g) Red worms have structures like …………….. which help in grinding the food.
Answer:
gizzards

(h) Paper-mache is a paste made of clay and ……………. .
Answer:
paper

(i) Same kind of plastic can be …………… .
Answer:
recycled

(j) The plastic bags are cause of ………………… of drains and sewer system.
Answer:
choking

(k) We should not use ……………. to store eatables.
Answer:
plastic bags

(l) We should never bum ……………… and plastic ………………. .
Answer:
plastic bags, items

Write (T) against true and (F) against false statements:

(a) Garbage is always non-useful.
Answer:
False

(b) Composting of waste material can be done only by red worms.
Answer:
False

(d) We are irresponsible as we do not take proper care of the wastage.
Answer:
True

(e) The plastic bags are cause of death of animals.
Answer:
True

(f) Burning of leaves is done to reduce garbage.
Answer:
True

(g) Vermicomposting is a process to reduce useful garbage into useful components.
Answer:
True

(h) Red worms can survive any conditions of the weather.
Answer:
False

(i) Landfill is a low lying area.
Answer:
True

(j) Bum the garbage that do not rot.
Answer:
False

Match the column A with column B:

Column A	Column B
(1) Composting	3 categories
(2) Landfill	sewage, kitchen waste, garbage
(3) Domestic wastes	area where garbage dumped
(4) Sewage waste	converting waste into manure.

Answer:
(1) Composting – converting waste into manure
(2) Landfill – area where garbage dumped
(3) Domestic wastes – sewage, kitchen waste, garbage
(4) Sewage waste – 3 categories.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is land fill ?
Answer:
Land fill is a low lying open area to dump the waste.

Question 2.
What is garbage ?
Answer:
Garbage: All the waste material from houses, markets, school, offices etc. constitute
garbage.

Question 3.
Name different components of garbage.
Answer:
Useful and non-useful components.

Question 4.
Which part of red worms help in grinding the food ?
Answer:
Gizzard helps in grinding the food.

Question 5.
Used paper can be remade and is used for other purposes. What is this process known as ?
Answer:
Recycling.

Question 6.
What is colour of garbage after rotting ?
Answer:
Black.

Question 7.
Can salt, pickets be given to red worms ? Why ?
Answer:
No, These materials produce disease causing organisms.

Question 8.
Which coloured bin is used for collecting kitchen waste or degradable waste ?
Answer:
Green.

Question 9.
Blue coloured bin is used for which type of substances ?
Answer:
Recycling material.

Question 10.
What is compost ?
Answer:
Compost. Dead leaves and other plant material are broken down in the soil into nutrients for plants to use is known as compost.

Question 11.
What do you mean by vermicomposting ?
Answer:
Vermicomposting. It is the method of making compost from kitchen garbage using red worms is called vermicomposting.

Question 12.
Write the types of garbage.
Answer:
Garbage consist of two type of components :

Useful components.
Non-useful components.

Question 13.
How non-useful components of waste or garbage are dumped ?
Answer:
The non-useful component is separated from garbage. It is then spread over the landfill and then covered with a layer of soil. Once the landfill is completely full, it is usually converted into park or play ground.

Question 14.
What is composting ?
Answer:
Composting. The rotting and conversion of some garbage into manure is called composting.

Question 15.
Why it is necessary for us to separate waste into two groups ?
Answer:
It is necessary for us to separate waste into two groups because waste contains two type of components. One are useful and recycled and other are non useful and can not be recycled like polythene bags.

Question 16.
Can polythene bags be recycled ?
Answer:
No, polythene bags cannot be recycled.

Question 17.
Name the material which can be recycled.
Answer:
Paper can be recycled.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is recycling ?
Answer:
Recycling is making of useful substance from the used materials i.e., rotten paper can be recycled to get fresh paper for use.

Question 2.
Write a short note on Red worms.
Answer:
Red worms. Red worms are small organisms which can convert useful component of garbage into manure. These can survive under normal conditions and get doubled in one month. They feed on vegetable and fruit waste only. Milk products, salt, lemon pickles are harmful to them. Red worms have structures called gizzard for grinding the food material.

Question 3.
How can we minimize the use of plastics ?
Answer:
Steps to minimize the use of plastics

Use paper bags instead of plastic bags.
Use jute or cloth bag while shopping.
Never bum plastic bags and plastic item.
Use washable utensils instead of plastic ones.

Question 4.
How does garbage spoil the landscape ?
Answer:
Spoilage of landscape. Improper management of solid waste leads to spoilage of landscape. Solid waste left untreated is unhygienic. It destroys the surrounding greenery. The texture of soil becomes toxic and rats, house flies, mosquitoes and bacteria make their homes in this waste heap. Thus, destroying the beauty and usefulness of that area.

Question 5.
How is a landfill used for composting ?
Answer:
Following steps are taken for composting the waste in a landfill –

Deposit the garbage in a landfill.
Compress it with bulldozers.
Cover the garbage with at least 6 inches deep soil after every deposit of garbage.
Finally cover properly the top layer with 2 inches of soil.

Question 6.
Why burning of agricultural waste is not safe ?
Answer:
Burning of dried leaves, husk and agricultural waste produces smoke and harmful gases which have an adverse affect on the health.

Question 7.
What is role of municipality to separate the garbage ?
Answer:
Role of municipality to separate the garbage. In some town and cities, municipality provides separate dustbin for collecting different kinds of garbage. Blue coloured bin is for materials which can be recycled and green coloured bin is for kitchen waste, or the waste which can easily rot or decompose, when get buried in the soil.

Question 8.
Is it possible for all of this garbage to be changed into compost ? How ?
Answer:
No, it is not possible to change all of this garbage into compost because it contains two kind of components- (i) useful (ii) non-useful.

(i) Useful Components : The components from kitchen waste like fruits, vegetable peels, eggs shells, waste food can be changed to manure. Waste papers can be recycled.

(ii) Non Useful Components : The components like piece of cloth, polythene bags, broken glass, aluminium wrappers and broken toys cannot be changed to manure or compost.
Hence all type of garbage cannot be changed into compost.

Question 9.
How does a landfill basically works ?
Answer:
The basic working of a landfill involves the following three steps:

Deposit the refuse.
Compact it with buldozers.
Cover the garbage with at least 6 inches deep of soil after each day operation and with a final cover of 2 feet when the area is full.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How can we reduce garbage and deal with it ?
Answer:
Steps taken to reduce and deal with garbage are:

Reuse plastic items and bags whenever it is needed.
Use vermicomposting at home.
Recycle paper.
Donot throw plastic bags here and there after use.
Make full use of your note books. Use slates for rough work.
Make people aware of proper practices for disposing different kinds of waste.

Question 2.
Discuss whether plastic is a boon or a curse ?
Answer:
Plastic is a latest addition to our development. It is prepared chemically. It has become part of our life. It has both aspects – useful and harmful.

Harmful aspects. It is difficult to dispose plastic as it bums with a foul smell and lots of smoke containing harmful gases.

Plastic do not rot even under undesirable conditions. Instead it create havoc in daily routine. Such as plastic bags when swallowed by animal are cause of their death as they choke their alimentary canal. These bags choke the drains and sewage thus causing a great problem. Some times food becomes poisonous when stored in plastic bags. Plastic things become shapeless when kept near fire.
So from above point of view plastic is a boon as well as a curse.

Question 3.
What do you know about waste ? Classify them according to their nature.
Answer:
Waste : The materials discarded by human beings in their day to day activities are considered as domestic waste.
Domestic waste may be classified into the following types :

Food Waste : The animal, fruit or vegetable residue (also called garbage) resulting from the handling, preparation, cooking and eating of food.
Ashes : Residue left over from the burning of wood, coal, coke etc. or from partially burnt materials.
Rubbish : Waste material like cardboard, plastics, rubbers, wood, furniture, glass, broken utensils etc.
Human excreta : Waste product excreted from the body is termed excreta.
Plastic bag : Used plastic bags made of synthetic material are often thrown away.

Question 4.
What do you mean by dumping ? Explain improved form of open dumping method (Land filling).
Answer:
Waste dumping is a method of controlled final disposal at landfill sites which must be done by using state-of-the art method.
The improved form of open dumping is termed as land-filling.

Method: Collect the garbage from house and separate it into two groups before it is thrown into the dustbin.

Group I: Garbage from the kitchen like fruits and vegetable peels, egg shells, tea leaves etc.

Group II: Pieces of cloth, polythene bags, broken glass, old shoes, aluminium wrappers etc. Make separate heaps of this garbage and labelled as A, B, C and D. Put these into separate plastic bags. Tie the mouth of these bags tightly. Put the four heaps in separate pits and cover them with the soil. This way of dumping is done in open land. The dumped content, with time changes to garbage.

Question 5.
What do you mean by vermicomposting ? How can we prepare manure by vermicomposting ? Explain with activity.
Answer:
The method of preparing compost from kitchen wastes with the help of red worms is called vermicomposting.

Method to prepare manure by vermicomposting (Activity): Take a wooden box and place it where there is neither too hot nor too cold. Spread a net at the bottom or spread sand as an alternative. Also, spread some vegetable waste along with it. Dried animal dung could also be used as a spread over-sand. Sprinkle some water to make this layer wet. The pit is ready for composting. Now put some red worms on the pit. Cover them loosely with a gunny bag. To feed red worms vegetable waste, coffee, tea leaves can be used.

Question 6.
How do red worms make vermicompost?
Answer:
Redworms do not have teeth. They have a structure called ‘gizzard’ which helps them in grinding their food. Eggshells could be mixed with the wastes. They help redworms in grinding their food. Red worms need moisture around them. With all this, the number will be doubled. After 3-4 weeks, we will see loose soil-like material in the pit called vermicompost.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 19 Community Meet Human Needs

October 14, 2024October 13, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions Civics Chapter 19 Community Meet Human Needs Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 19 Community Meet Human Needs

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB Community Meet Human Needs Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in brief :

Question 1.
Why is human being called a social animal.?
Answer:
Man is a social being by nature. He cannot live alone. He needs someone to fulfil his needs. It is so because Man is the only living being in the world who can think. It is so because of the intellectual power of man. He needs someone to live with. That is why a human being is called a social animal.

Question 2.
Which is the basic unit of society?
Answer:
Family is the basic unit of society.

Question 3.
How was human life in ancient times?
Answer:
Human life in ancient time was very hard but simple. The man wandered in forests. He used to make both ends meet by hunting wild animals and birds. Gradually, he learnt agriculture and began to live at one place. His needs were minimum. He took water from nearby wells, rivers or ponds. He ate whatever was grown in his fields. He collected grass, twigs, leaves, mud and wood and built his house.

Question 4.
What is the difference between tribal and city life?
Answer:
Tribal life is not stable. Tribal people do not live permanently in one place and move from place to place. Their life is simple and their needs are minimal.

City life, on the other hand, is stable. Life of people is very complex and their needs go on increasing day by day. These people enjoy all amenities of life.

Question 5.
How are human beings different from other living things?
Answer:
Human beings are like other living things but they are also different from them. Human beings are the only creatures on earth who possess a developed brain and who can think. All other living beings on earth do not have this power. It is only this intellectual power that differentiates human beings from other living things.

Question 6.
Why is society essential for man?
Answer:
Society is an essential institution. No man can live without it. His needs and nature compel him to live in society. Man lives in society due to the following reasons :

It provides protection and shelter to man.
It fulfils his needs of food, clothing, housing, education, etc.
It enables him to exchange his ideas and knowledge with others and thus further develops culture and civilization.
It provides him an opportunity to develop values and virtues by his personal experiences.

Question 7.
Why we are proud of our Indian community?
Answer:
India is a land of diversities. A large number of diversities such as geographical diversities, social diversities, economic diversities, religious diversities, regional diversities and political diversities, exist in India. There are a lot of differences in climate, weather, people’s residences, food, dress, traditions, habits, folk lores and folk dances and many other things. But unity appears, out of these diversities. This is the unity of emotions, feelings and sentiments. All the people of India consider themselves as one and they give an important contribution to the progress of the country. This is the reason why we are proud of our Indian community.

Question 8.
Why and how has urbanisation developed in society?
Answer:
The interdependence of various social gropus led to the urbanisation of society. With the passage of time, village population increased. For administrative purposes, towns came into existence. With industrialisation, the towns developed into cities. With the increase in village population, demand for goods raised. In order to fiilfil the deand, manual labour was replaced by machines. Big factories were established, around which large cities were set up. A large number of villagers moved to cities in search of employment. Consequently, urbanisation developed.

Question 9.
Write a short note on the change of community from natural to man-made.
Answer:
In the beginning, man lived in the jungle and he was dependent upon nature. He started his life as a hunter. Agriculture made his life stable. It also minimised his dependence upon nature. He began to exchange his goods with other people. It started trade. Human thinking gave birth to various occupations. These included carpentry, smithy and shoe-making. Expansion of occupations made essential the things like organisation, law and order and administration etc. Thus man left the natural environment and entered the man-made environment.

Question 10.
Write a note on the development of Indian civilization.
Answer:
It took hundreds of years for Indian civilization to develop. People of diverse origins came to India from time to time and stayed here. All those people ultimately made it their home. Their way of life and ideas were accepted and adopted by the people living here. So many diverse cultures got assimilated into one another. As a result, Indian civilization became a mixture of many colours and shades.

II. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
In ancient time people were living in _________
Answer:
villages

Question 2.
Urban population is _________ day by day.
Answer:
increasing

Question 3.
Community is called _________ of families.
Answer:
group

Question 4.
The main occupation of early man was _________
Answer:
hunting

Question 5.
Man is the only living creature with a power of
Answer:
thinking.

IV. Write ‘true’ or ‘false’ in the brackets given after each statement :

Question 1.
India is known as ‘Country with Unity in Diversity’.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Gidha is folk dance of Rajasthan.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Every human being is an important part of his commumity.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Man can live in isolation.
Answer:
False

IV. Multiple Choice Questions :

Question 1.
Which is the primary social unit of a society? ‘
(a) Family
(b) City
Answer:
(a) Family.

Question 2.
Why is man a social animal?
(a) Because a man can live alone.
(b) Because a man cannot live alone.
Answer:
(b) Because a man cannot live alone.

Question 3.
Which spirit is created by the cultural brotherhood?
(a) Spirit of Patriotism
(b) Spirit of Communalism.
Answer:
(a) Spirit of Patriotism.

Question 4.
First of all which material was used by a man to make weapons in the ancient period?
(а) Stone
(b) Copper.
Answer:
(a) Stone.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide Community Meet Human Needs Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
_________ is a system where people live together and interest with each other.
(A) Society
(B) Community
(C) Association
(D) Organisation.
Answer:
(A) Society.

Question 2.
Who said that, “Society is the web of social relationship”?
(A) Weber
(B) Maclver
(C) Kare Marx
(D) Durkheim
Answer:
(B) Maclver.

Question 3.
_________ is a group of people who have definite features and who live at a particular place or district or country.
(A) Society
(B) Association
(C) Community
(D) Organisation.
Answer:
(C) Community.

Question 4.
Who said that ‘Man is a social animal’?
(A) Weber
(B) Aristotle
(C) Karl Marx
(D) Durkheim.
Answer:
(B) Aristotle.

Question 5.
_________ is a country with great unity in diversity.
(A) India
(B) USA
(C) Australia
(D) Canada.
Answer:
(A) India.

Question 6.
Man in Primitive times was a
(A) Hunter
(B) Food gathers
(C) Nomad
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 7.
Why do humans need society?
(A) For Protection
(B) To fulfill his needs
(C) To exchange ideas
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 8.
Which metal greatly helped in the development of mankind?
(A) Iron
(B) Gold
(C) Silver
(D) Tin.
Answer:
(A) Iron.

Question 9.
An organised society is called a _________
(A) Society
(B) State
(C) Institution
(D) Community.
Answer:
(B) State.

Question 10.
Which of these is our duty towards society?
(A) Loyalty
(B) Honesty
(C) To give sacrifice
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why does man live in society?
Answer:
Man lives in society because of his nature and needs.

Question 2.
What is the first basic society for the child?
Answer:
Family is the first basic society for the child.

Question 3.
What type of qualities does a child acquire from family?
Answer:
A child acquires various types of qualities like affection, sympathy, sacrifice, respect and brotherhood, etc. from family.

Question 4.
What is the world community?
Answer:
Many nations of the world together make a human society. This human society is known as a world community.

Question 5.
Name the metal which played a very important role in the development of mankind
Answer:
Iron.

Question 6.
When did an organised and stable community life come into existence?
Answer:
An organised and stable community life came into existence when man began to grow crops.

Question 7.
Why were family and society created? ‘
Answer:
Family and society were created to fulfil the common goals of the people.

Question 8.
What are the basic qualities of social life?
Answer:
Discipline, co-operation, respect, tolerance and vigilance, etc. are the basic qualities of social life.

Question 9.
What led to the urbanisation of society?
Answer:
The interdependence of various social groups led to the urbanisation of society.

Question 10.
When was society needed to be organised?
Answer:
Society was needed to be organised when groups of families became larger due to increase in population.

Question 11.
What is an organised society called?
Answer:
An organised society is called a state.

Question 12.
What is the main basis of social organisation?
Answer:
Co-operation among people is the main basis of social organisation.

Question 13.
What is meant by Society?
Answer:
A system where people live together in organised way and interact with each other is known as society.

Question 14.
What is Community?
Answer:
A group of people who have definite features and who live in a place, district or country is called community.

Question 15.
How can you say that India is a country with unity in diversity? ‘
Answer:
India is a country with unity in diversity because large scale social,physical, religious, economic, political and regional diversities are found here. Even then there is emotional unity among people.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why is family called the first basic unit of social life?
Answer:
Family is the only first basic unit of social life.-It is only in the family that a child learns affection, co-operation, sense of service, tolerance, sacrifice, obedience, respect and discipline. By taking interest in the family decisions taken by parents, the child learns how to take part in the decisions taken by the country’s government. All these qualities contribute to the formation of a good nation.

Question 2.
How are various institutions helping the modern man?
Answer:
Various institutions help a lot in making the modem man civilised. Family which is the primary school for civic qualities, teaches us mutual co-operation, sense of service, tolerance, sacrifice, renunciation and discipline. Similarly, school and society also teach us the same qualities, which result in making us good citizens.

Question 3.
What are our duties towards society?
Answer:
Our duties towards society are as follows :

We must be loyal towards society and obey the rules formed by it.
We must pay honestly the taxes levied by our government so that our country can make progress.
We must be prepared to make every sacrifice for the defence of our country.
We must live in mutual love, peace and brotherhood with our fellow beings.
We must protect our social and natural environment from being polluted.

Question 4.
Why is man called a social being?
Answer:
Man is called a social being because he cannot live alone. His nature and needs compel him to live in society. Isolation bores him, and he loves to live with his fellow beings. Besides, he has to depend upon society for the fulfilment of his needs. Therefore, man is a social being.

Question 5.
Why is India called a sub-continent?
Answer:
India stands as a sub-continent in South Asia. The natural frontiers of India provide an isolated character to the vast Indian landmass. The Himalayas in the north, the Indian Ocean in the south, dense forests in the east and Thar desert in the west separate it from the main continent. That is why India is called a sub-continent.

Question 6.
What type of qualities do you acquire from your school community?
Answer:
We acquire several qualities from our school community. We acquire discipline, obedience and sportsmanship, besides reading and learning.

Question 7.
Why and how has urbanisation developed in the society?
Answer:
The interdependence of various social gropus led to the urbanisation of society. With the passage of time, village population increased. For administrative purpose, towns came into existence. With industrialisation, the towns developed into cities. With increase in village population, demand for goods raised. In order to fiilfil the deand, manual labour was replaced by machines. Big factories were established, around which large cities were set up. A large number of villagers moved to cities in search of employment. Consequently, urbanisation developed.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the institutions which teach a man how to lead a civilised civic life.
Answer:
A man comes in contact with various institutions in his life, which teach him how to lead a civilised civic life.

Following is the description of a few such institutions :

Family: Family is the primary unit of social life. Social life begins at home. Family is the first and foremost institution where a man learns the first lesson of citizenship and civic virtues. It is only in the family that he adopts the virtues of love, co-operation, service, sacrifice, obedience, respect and discipline.
School: After family, school plays an important role in the formation of civic life. School acts as a centre of primary education. A sense of discipline, as well as a sense of obedience, is learnt by a man in school.
Village or City: People of a village or city make collective efforts to solve their problems. These collective efforts are called a local government. The local government plays an important role in civic life.

Question 2.
Write a note on Unity in Diversity in India.
Answer:
Our country India is known for its unity in diversity. This unity is of feelings and emotions. We cannot find any other country with such diverse physical and cultural conditions. Every citizen of India is proud of its unity. People of different origins, cultures, and religions came over here and settled here. All these people ultimately became a part of Indian society. Their culture was mixed with Indian culture. As a result, Indian culture is a mixture of many colours and shades just like a rainbow. Geographical conditions are also very much different from one region to the other. We can find deserts, mountains, fertile plains, rocky plains, frozen zones over here. In this way, we can say that Unity in Diversity exists in India.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 22 Public Property and its Protection

October 14, 2024October 13, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions Civics Chapter 22 Public Property and its Protection Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 22 Public Property and its Protection

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB Public Property and its Protection Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in brief :

Question 1.
Why do we love our personal property?
Answer:
We have to purchase the item of our personal property if it is lost or spoiled. It causes financial loss to us. Therefore, we love our personal property.

Question 2.
Why should National Property be protected? Give two reasons.
Answer:
National property is created by the government out of the money collected from the people of the country in the form of taxes. It is meant for the convenience of all the people. If this property is damaged, it causes social and economic loss to us, our family and the nation as a whole. Therefore, the national property should be protected.

Question 3.
Why people damage public property? Give two reasons.
Answer:

Some people damage public property for the sake of fun.
Some people damage public property because they feel that this is the best way to draw the government’s attention towards their demands.

Question 4.
Give the name of two kinds of public property.
Answer:
Two kinds of public property are :

Public utility services,
Historical buildings or monuments.

Question 5.
What do you mean by public utility services? Give two examples of it.
Answer:
Public utility services are those services which are provided to all in equal proportions by the government, for the fulfilment of minimum needs of citizens. Services like electricity and water are public utility services.

Question 6.
What is public property? How is it created?
Answer:
Property to which all of us have a common right to share is called public property. It belongs to all. It is jointly created by the people and the government. Taxes are imposed and funds created. These funds create public property. It is our duty to preserve it.

Question 7.
How people misuse the public property?
Answer:
People misuse public property in the following ways :

Some people express their resentment against the government or try to get their demands accepted by damaging and burning public property.
Some people damage bulbs and tubes of street lights by throwing stones on them.
Some people throw garbage and litter in gardens, parks, zoos, historical buildings and museums, etc.
Children tear-off seats of buses and railway trains.
Some people draw lines or write their names on historical buildings and thus damage them.
Some foolish people steal valuable goods or idols, etc. from temples or museums.

Question 8.
From whose money the school property is made?
Answer:
The school property is made from the money of our parents and our government. The government’s money is also our own money because the government collects it from us in the form of taxes.

Question 9.
Give one basic difference between personal property and public property.
Answer:
Personal property belongs to a person or family, whereas public property is the common property of all. This is one basic difference between the two.

Question 10.
What is our responsibility towards school property?
Answer:
Our responsibility towards school property is the following :

We should not damage the school furniture.
We should not scribble on the school walls.
We should not pluck flowers from flower beds and pots lying in the school premises.
We should not tear off pages from the library books.
We should turn off the water taps after use.
We should not spoil the sports goods like hockey, football, etc.

Question 11.
How can you help to preserve the historical monuments?
Answer:
We can help to preserve the historical monuments in the following ways :

We should not disfigure or scratch them.
We should not steal idols from them.
We should not throw garbage and rubbish in of around them.
If someone causes damage to historical monuments, we should report the matter to the police so that the gtiilty may be prosecuted and punished.
We should help the government in the protection and preservation of historical monuments.

II. Write ‘true’ or ‘false’ in the brackets given after each statement :

Question 1.
Parks and hospitals are our personal property.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
We should not damage our national property as it is our own.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Historical monuments are protected by a government law passed in 1958.
Answer:
True

III. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
All objects that we possess as individual make _______ property.
Answer:
personal

Question 2.
Old historical buildings are called _______ monuments.
Answer:
historical

Question 3.
We must not _______ the public property.
Answer:
damage

Question 4.
Things owned collectively make _______ property.
Answer:
family.

IV. Select out of the following as private property and public property :

Question 1.
Book, Post office, Pen, Raliway station, Scooter, Bus stand, Monument, Almirah, Sewerage, Car, Roads, Canals, Bag, Bridge, Water-works, Bungalow, River, Museum, Television.
Answer:
Private Property. Book, Pen, Scooter, Almirah, Car, Bag, Bungalow, Television.
Public Property. Post office, Railway station, Bus stand, Monuments, Sewerage, Roads, Canals, Bridge, Water-works, River, Museum.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide Public Property and its Protection Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Property owned by an individual is called _______ property.
(A) Personal
(B) Public
(C) National .
(D) International.
Answer:
(A) Personal.

Question 2.
Property owned by whole community is called _______ property
(A) National
(B) Public
(C) International
(D) Personal.
Answer:
(B) Public.

Question 3.
Facilities provided by the government are called _______ facilities.
(A) National
(B) Social
(C) Public
(D) Personal.
Answer:
(C) Public.

Question 4.
When was the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological sites and Remains Act passed?
(A) 1950
(B) 1958
(C) 1954
(D) 1962.
Answer:
(B) 1958.

Question 5.
Who gives money for the maintance of public property?
(A) Public
(B) An individual
(C) Government
(D) U.N.O.
Answer:
(A) Public.

Question 6.
How do people misuse public property?
(A) They tear off seats of buses
(B) They write their names on historical buildings
(C) They damage street lights
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 7.
What is our responsibility towards school property?
(A) Not to damage School furniture
(B) Not to scribble on School Walls
(C) Not to tear off pages from liberary books
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(A) All of these.

Question 8.
Which of these is a public property?
(A) Trains
(B) Historical buildings
(C) Bus stand
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a democratic country?
Answer:
A democratic country is one where people elect their representatives to make the government.

Question 2.
Name the three organs of a government. What are their functions?
Answer:

Legislature,
Executive,
Judiciary.

Legislature makes laws, the Executive executes them and Judiciary punishes the persons who violate laws.

Question 3.
Name a few items of personal property.
Answer:
Clothes, school bag, books, notebooks, pen, pencil, etc.

Question 4.
Name some items of family property.
Answer:
House, scooter, car, television, furniture, etc.

Question 5.
What is included in public utility services?
Answer:
Public utility services include school, buses, hospitals, parks, post office, electricity, water, etc. These services are provided by the government.

Question 6.
Who suffers if you lose any of your own or family possessions?
Answer:
We and our family suffer.

Question 7.
Why do we owe joint responsibility towards the protection of public property?
Answer:
We owe joint responsibility towards the protection of public property because all the people have to suffer if it is damaged.

Question 8.
Give some examples of school property.
Answer:
Chairs, tables, desks, blackboards, library, playgrounds, etc.

Question 9.
What is a historical monument?
Answer:
A historical monument is a structure of the past which reminds us of our ancient glory.

Question 10.
Which government department takes care of historical monuments?
Answer:
The Archaeological Department.

Question 11.
What is our duty towards public property?
Answer:
We should keep it safe from any type of damage.

Question 12.
Should we cause damage to public property? Why, or why not?
Answer:
No, we should not cause any damage to public property. Its damage means our own loss.

Question 13.
Why is school called public property?
Answer:
Our parents’ and the government’s money is spent on the building of school. So it is public property.

Question 14.
Of what do our historical buildings and monuments remind us?
Answer:
Our historical buildings and monuments remind us of our rich cultural heritage and glorious past.

Question 15.
Why should parks be maintained?
Answer:
People go to parks to breathe in fresh air and to take exercise there. So parks should be maintained.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why should we not damage public property?
Answer:
Public property is the property of the nation to which we all belong. It is created out of the taxes paid by us. It serves our own purpose. If we do not protect it, we ourselves will be put to inconvenience. It will become difficult to have it again. Thus it is our own loss. We have a common right to the public property. So it is our duty to protect our common things.

Question 2.
What is the difference between private property and public property?
Answer:
The property to which the owner has a personal right is called private property. No one can use this property without the permission of its owner. Privately owned houses, shops, motor cycles, scooters, etc. are good examples of private property.

On the other hand, public property is the property to which all of us have a common right. Roads, buses, railways, hospitals, schools, post offices, etc. are some examples of public property.

Question 3.
What is the importance of historical monuments in our life?
Answer:
There is a great importance of historical monuments in our life. Historical monuments like forts, palaces, temples, mosques, churches and towers, etc. remind us of our ancient glory. They are the great centres of education. We learn our history through the statues, coins, pictures and maps found in these monuments. They inspire us to do great deeds.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
What points should we keep in mind to make proper use of public places?
Answer:
To make proper use of public places we should keep the following points in mind :

School is a very important institution. Here, we study and attain different types of social and moral qualities. So we should not spoil our classroom furniture by throwing it hither or thither, nor should we scribble^on the classroom walls. We should riot pluck flowers from flower beds and pots lying in the school premises. We should not tear off pages from the library books. We should turn off the water taps after use. We should not spoil the sports goods like hockey, football, etc.
Our government provides us with public means of transport like buses and trains for our convenience. We should not harm these public modes of transport, otherwise, it will be difficult for us to reach our school, college or office.
We should ensure that bulbs and tubes of street lights are not damaged by throwing stones on them. It will cause inconvenience to the public moving on roads at night time. The number of accidents can also increase.
We should not throw garbage and litter in the parks.
We should not tease the animals in zoos.
By preserving the parks, zoos, and sanctuaries we can help our community to maintain a balance between the natural environment and the man-made environment.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water

October 14, 2024October 13, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 14 Water Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 14 Water

Science Guide for Class 6 PSEB Water Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 145)

Question 1.
Does every person use same quantity of water every day ?
Answer:
No, every person does not use same quantity of water every day.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 146)

Question 1.
What happens to ice-cream when it is taken out of the refrigerator ?
Answer:
It melts.

Question 2.
What is the state of ice-cream ?
Answer:
Solid.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 147)

Question 1.
What happens when you spill water on the floor in hot summer days ?
Answer:
It evaporates

Question 2.
Why cow’ dung cakes are kept in sunlight ?
Answer:
To become dry as a result of evaporation of water.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 148)

Question 1.
Why do we observe water droplets outside water bottle when taken out from a refrigerator ?
Answer:
The temperature outside refrigerator is warmer and when the bottle comes out of refrigerator, the water vapour present in air condenses and forms droplets of water on surface of bottle. This process is known as condensation.

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide Water Textbook Questions and Answers

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) The process of changing of water into its vapour is called ………………….
Answer:
evaporaion

(b) The process of changing water vapour into water is called …………………
Answer:
condensation

(d) Excessive rains may cause …………………..
Answer:
clood

(e) Three states of water are …………………….. , ……………….. and ………………. .
Answer:
solid, liquid and gas

(f) In plants, transpiration takes place through …………….
Answer:
stomata

2. Write True or False:

(a) Ice on cooling changes to steam.
Answer:
Flase

(b) Evaporation of water takes place in sunlight.
Answer:
Flase

(d) Water in ocean is fit for drinking.
Answer:
Flase

(e) Drip irrigation method is useful for farming.
Answer:
True

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

Column A	Column B
1. Water conservation	(a) Solid form of water
2. Snow	(b) Sunny day
3. Precipitation	(c) Rainwater harvesting
4. Evaporation	(d) Ground water
5. Fresh water	(e) Rain from clouds

Answer:

Column A	Column B
1. Water conservation	(c) Rainwater harvesting
2. Snow	(a) Solid form of water
3. Precipitation	(e) Rain from clouds
4. Evaporation	(b) Sunny day
5. Fresh water	(d) Ground water.

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
How much part of earth is covered with water ?
(ci) two third
(b) half
(c) one third
(d) three fourth.
Answer:
(d) three fourth

Question (ii)
Fog appearing on a cold winter morning is the result of:
(a) Condensation
(b) evaporation
(c) Precipitation
(d) none.
Answer:
(a) Condensation

Question (iii)
Which of the source of water is not used for drinking?
(a) river
(b) ocean
(c) dam
(d) lake.
Answer:
(b) ocean

Question (iv)
Process of conversion of gas into liquid is called:
(a) Evaporation
(b) Melting
(c) Condensation
(d) Boiling.
Answer:
(c) Condensation

Question (v)
About how much percentage of water is present in human body:
(a) 60%
(b) 70%
(c) 80%
(d) 90%.
Answer:
(b) 70%

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What are two main sources of water ?
Answer:
Main sources of water are surface water and ground water.

Question (ii)
What is the advantage of drip irrigation ?
Answer:
Advantage of drip irrigation is that water and other nutrients are directly delivered to plants.

Question (iii)
What is the effect of temperature on evaporation ?
Answer:
The rate of evaporation increases with increase of temperature.

Question (iv)
Differentiate between ground water and surface water.
Answer:
Ground water is found below the surface of earth and is safe for drinking.
Surface water is found in lakes, rivers, wells and reservoirs.

Question (v)
What is transpiration ?
Answer:
The process by which water is lost in the air by plants is called transpiration.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Explain floods and its effects.
Answer:
The overflow of large amount of water beyond its normal limits is known as flood. Effects of Flood.

Many people and animals die.
Some people become homeless.
Wide-spread of communicable diseases.

Question (ii)
Define condensation. Give two examples.
Answer:
The process of conversion of gaseous form back to liquid form is called condensation.
Examples are :

Fogging of windshield or rear view of car.
Dew on leaves of grass on a winter morning.

Question (iii)
Explain formation of clouds.
Answer:
When we go higher from the surface of earth, the temperture falls. The air becomes so cool that the water vapours condense to form water droplets. These water droplets together in air are clouds.

Question (iv)
Write three ways to conserve water.
Answer:
Three ways to conserve water are :

Rain water harvesting
Recycling of water
Turning off tap when not in use.

Question (v)
What is drought and what are its effects ?
Answer:
A period when there is very little or no rainfall is called drought. Effects of Drought :

Soil becomes dry and infertile due to loss of water.
Ponds become dry and level of water in wells goes down.

7. Long Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Explain the uses of water.
Answer:
Water is a very vital resource and is used for many purposes. Some of the uses of water are mentioneded below :
Uses of Water.

It maintains temperature on earth.
It is used for drinking, bathing, washing, etc.
Running or flowing water is used for generating electricity.
It is used for irrigation of crops.
It is also used for cleanng, cooking, watering plants, etc.

Question (ii)
Explain water cycle with diagram.
Answer:
Water cycle in nature. Water falls on earth in the form of rain, dew, snow etc. This
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water 1
water falls in ponds, streams, oceans and some water seeps down the earth. With the heat of sun, the water evaporates from the streams, ponds, oceans etc. and fills the atmosphere with water vapours. These water vapours on cooling get condensed and form clouds. These clouds come back on earth in form of rains. So, this cycle goes on.

Question (iii)
Why there is need to conserve water ? Write technique of rain water harvesting.
Answer:
Fresh water is only 2.59% on earth and is in very low amount that can be used for drinking or human consumption. So, we must conserve the water.

Rain Harvesting. It is a technique which involves collection and storage of rain water and its reuse, it is the simplest and oldest method.

Techniques of rain harvesting. The most commonly used technique used for rain water harvesting is roof top rain water harvesting.

Roof Top Rain Water harvesting. In this rain water is collected on the roof of house and then stored in storage tank through pipes. This stored water can be used for any purpose.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water 2

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Water Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
The process of conversion of water into vapours is:
(a) Evaporation
(b) Transpiration
(c) Condensation
(d) None.
Answer:
(a) Evaporation

Question 2.
The process of converting water vapours into water is:
(a) Evaporation
(b) Transpiration
(c) Condensation
(d) None.
Answer:
(c) Condensation

Question 3.
We use water in:
(a) Industry
(b) Agriculture
(c) Domestic needs
(d) Industry agriculture and domestic needs.
Answer:
(d) Industry agriculture and domestic needs.

Question 4.
Saline water is found in:
(a) Seas
(b) Taps
(c) Lakes
(d) nowhere.
Answer:
(a) Seas

Question 5.
Hot air causes:
(a) Transpiration
(b) Evaporation
(c) Condensation
(d) None.
Answer:
(b) Evaporation

Question 6.
Water cycle is a phenomenon:
(a) Fast
(b) Slow
(c) Medium
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Slow

Question 7.
To get 1 kg of wheat grains evaporated. from wheat plant litre water gets
(a) 100
(b) 200
(c) 400
(d) 500.
Answer:
(d) 500

Question 8.
Excessive rainfall causes:
(a) Drought
(b) Flood
(c) Storm
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Flood

Question 9.
of earth is covered with water.
(a) 33%
(b) 67%
(c) 25%
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) 67%

Question 10.
Water is available in plenty from:
(a) River
(b) Well
(c) Sea
(d) Rain.
Answer:
(c) Sea

Question 11.
Change of water vapours into water is called:
(a) Vaporisation
(b) Transpiration
(c) Condensation
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Vaporisation

Question 12.
Change of water vapours into water is called:
(a) Evaporation
(b) Transpiration
(c) Condensation
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Condensation

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) We use water for many …………….. .
Answer:
activities

(b) We get water from …………… .
Answer:
taps

(d) About …………… of earth is covered with water.
Answer:
2/3rd

(e) ………………. water is saline.
Answer:
Sea

(f) ………………… is needed to convert water into water vapour.
Answer:
Heat

(g) The warm air provides heat for evaporation of water in ……………… areas.
Answer:
shady

(h) About …………….. litres of water is transpirated by wheat plants to provide 1 kilogram of wheat.
Answer:
500

(i) Clouds are ………………. that remain floating in air.
Answer:
tiny droplets

(j) Snow is another form of ……………… .
Answer:
water

(k) Open wells are fed by ………….. .
Answer:
ground water

(l) Water cycle is a ……………. process.
Answer:
slow

(m) Excess rainfall leads to many ………………..
Answer:
problems

(n) In ……………… conditions, food and fodder are scarce.
Answer:
drought

(o) The ………………. of water is increasing day-by-day.
Answer:
demand

(p) Collecting rain water is ……………… .
Answer:
rain water harvesting

(q) Excess rains are cause of …………….. .
Answer:
floods

Write (T) against true and (F) against false statements.

(a) Every region in the world get same amount of water.
Answer:
False

(b) Plants need water to grow.
Answer:
True

(d) Water can evaporate from any place either in shade or sunlight.
Answer:
True

(e) Plants transpirate water in the absence of sunlight.
Answer:
True

(f) Heating increases the evaporation.
Answer:
True

(g) Clouds are nothing but condensed water.
Answer:
True

(h) Never waste water.
Answer:
True

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
In which structures, the vast quantity of water is available ?
Answer:
Seas or Oceans.

Question 2.
What is nature of water in seas ?
Answer:
Salty (Saline).

Question 3.
When water evaporates from the seas, lakes, rivers etc, what happens to the salts dissolved in it ?
Answer:
Salts remain behind.

Question 4.
Is evaporation a fast process ?
Answer:
No, it is a slow process.

Question 5.
What is dew ?
Answer:
Dew is condensed water vapour.

Question 6.
What is rain ?
Answer:
Falling of droplets on earth after becoming heavy is rain.

Question 7.
Besides rain, how water returns to the earth ?
Answer:
In the form of hail or snow.

Question 8.
Evaporation, Transpiration, Condensation are processes of which cycle ?
Answer:
Water cycle.

Question 9.
What is ground water ?
Answer:
Rain water seeps into the soil and gets collected on a rock. This collected water is ground water. It is pure.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write few uses of water.
Answer:
Uses of water.

For drinking, bathing, washing etc.
For cooking, cleaning, watering the plants etc.
For crop growth.
For generating electricity.
In many industries like textile industries and food processing industries.

Question 2.
What is evaporation ? Which factors increase the evaporation ?
Answer:
Evaporation. The process of conversion of liquid into its vapours is called evaporation. Factors responsible for increasing evaporation are :

Wind. More wind results in speedy evaporation
Sunlight. More sunlight increases the speed of evaporation. This is why evaporation is fast during summer and slow during winter.
Exposed Surface Area. When the surface area is large, the speed or rate of evaporation is high.
Humidity. If the humidity in the surrounding is high then the speed of evaporation is low and if the humidity is low then the rate of evaporation is low.

Question 3.
Water disappears from the wet clothes. Why ?
Answer:
Heat from sun converts water into water vapours which get disappeared in the air.

Question 4.
What are clouds ?
Answer:
Clouds are nothing but condensed water vapours in the sky.

Question 5.
Why is sea water not fit for drinking purposes ?
Answer:
Sea water contains many salts in it thus giving water a salty or saline taste. This salty water is not fit for drinking purposes.

Question 6.
What are effects of excessive rains ?
Answer:
Effects of excessive rains.

Excessive rains will increase the level of water in ponds, rivers, seas etc. resulting in floods.
Excessive rains can result in floods. These floods can cause damage to property, life and crops.

Question 7.
What is rain water harvesting ? Why is it done ?
Answer:
Rain water harvesting. The collection of rain water in tanks etc. is called rain water harvesting.
Need of rain water harvesting. We must do rain harvesting because of the following reasons :

To increase the availability of water.
To store water for later use when its scarcity is felt.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
List sources of water. Explain briefly.
Answer:
Sources of water. At homes we get water from taps, but the main sources of water are :
(i) Ponds
(ii) Lakes
(iii) Rivers
(iv) Wells
(v) Sea water
(vi) Rain.

(i) Ponds. Ponds are low lying areas in which rain water or river water gets collected.

(ii) Lakes. Lakes are natural sources of water. They may contain salts in them.

(iii) Rivers. Rivers contain water formed by melting of snow on the mountains. These rivers many be flowing all year round or temporarily during a particular season. These rivers also have rain water in it. There may be or may not be impurities in them.

(iv) Wells. A part of rain-water seeps into the ground through soil. It reaches the bottom areas of earth’s crust and collects there as a water body. This water is put to use by bor wells and hand pumps.

(v) Sea water. Oceans are big reservoirs of water. Most of the rivers fall into the sea and thus carry dissolved salts and impurities into the sea. That is why, sea water is salty in taste.

(vi) Rain. The rain drops in the form of a cloud are almost pure. But rain water gets contaminated due to gases from atmosphere, particulate matter, acid fumes and micro-organisms floating in the air. We get rain only during specific period i.e. monsoon season in our country.

Question 2.
What is Rain ? What will happen if it does not rain at all ?
Answer:
Rain. When the water vapours in the cloud become too heavy, it falls back to the ground as rain. The earth receives heavy rain at some part of the year. Some parts do not get enough of rainfall. It affects the human, plants and animal life. If at certain places there will not be rain for a year then the soil becomes dry and drought. As most of the soil water evaporates and transpirates from the plants, rivers, ponds and wells, it will dry and water table would lower down. All this affects the humans, animals and wild plants. If it continues for one or two years in continuation, it results into drought.

Question 3.
What will happen if it keeps raining continuously ?
Answer:
Consequences of continuous rains. Rains bring a lot of enjoyment and pleasant weather especially after hot days. However, if it rains heavily, you might have noticed water getting collected here and there and at times causing disruption of normal life.

In case of continuous rains the water level of rivers, lakes and ponds will rise. The soil surface will get laden with water resulting into flood. When the soil gets too much of water, air in the soil comes out of it. Due to lack of air the animals living inside the soil also come out of it. Heavy rains also result in the loss of crops due to overflooding.

Question 4.
Explain and draw a neat diagram of water cycle in nature.
Answer:
Answer:
Water cycle in nature. Water falls on earth in the form of rain, dew, snow etc. This
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water 1
waterfalls in ponds, streams, oceans, and some water seep down the earth. With the heat of the sun, the water evaporates from the streams, ponds, oceans, etc., and fills the atmosphere with water vapours. These water vapours on cooling get condensed and form clouds. These clouds come back on earth in form of rains. So, this cycle goes on.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections

October 14, 2024October 13, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections

Science Guide for Class 6 PSEB Light Shadows and Reflections Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 109)

Question 1.
Classify different objects depending on whether an object allows light to pass through it completely, partially or not at all.
Answer:
Depending upon the amount of light passing through the object we can classify objects into the following three types.

Transparent objects. Those objects which allow light to pass through them completely.
Translucent objects. Those objects which allow only partial amount of light to pass through them.
Opaque objects. Those objects which do not allow light to pass through them at all.

Question 2.
Classify the objects given in following table as transparent, opaque or translucent.

Object/material	Transparent/opaque/translucent
Water
Tissue paper
Stone
Air
Book
Mirror
Thin cloth

Answer:

Object/material	Transparent/opaque/translucent
Water	Transparent
Tissue paper	Translucent
Stone	Opaque
Air	Transparent
Book	Opaque
Mirror	Transparent
Thin cloth	Translucent

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 109)

Question 1.
Light travels in ……………. line path.
Answer:
Light travels in straight line path.

Question 2.
Light cannot pass through …………….. material.
Answer:
Light cannot pass through opaque material.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 111)

Question 1.
For shadow formation, how many things are required ?
Answer:
For shadow formation, the following three things are required :

Source of light.
An opaque object and
For getting shadow a surface or screen (which may be a wall or it can be earth surface)

Question 2.
A shadow is observed, on a screen, when an …………….. object comes in between
screen and a source of light.
Answer:
A shadow is observed on a screen, whenever an opaque object comes in between screen and a source of light.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No.112)

Question 1.
The size of shadow of a given opaque object depends on relative ………….. of source of light and the opaque object.
Answer:
The size of shadow of a given opaque object depends on relative position of source of light and the opaque object.

Question 2.
What may be the colour of opaque object, shadow will always be …………….. (black/white)
Answer:
What may be the colour of opaque object, shadow will always be black.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 115)

Question 1.
Pin-hole camera is based on the fact that in ordinary conditions light travel in ………………… path.
Answer:
Pin-hole camera is based on the fact that in ordinary conditions light travel in straight line path.

Question 2.
The images formed by pin-hole camera is …………….. and ………………..
Answer:
The images formed by pin-hole camera is inverted and small.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 116)

Question 1.
A mirror does not change the direction of light that falls on it. (True/False)
Answer:
False.

Question 2.
A polished or shining surface like plane miror produces reflection.
Answer:
A polished or shining surface like plane mirror produces regular reflection.

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide Light Shadows and Reflections Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercise – 1

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(a) An object that allow light to pass through them partially are known as …………….. object.
Answer:
Translucent

(b) Light source like the sun that emit light of their own are called …………… objects.
Answer:
Luminous

(d) The change in direction of propagation of light when light allowed to fall on polished
surface is called ……………….. of light.
Answer:
Reflection

(e) Due to ……………… phenomenon rooms are lighted up in day time though no direct
sunlight enters the room.
Answer:
irregular reflection

2. Write True or False:

(a) Moon is a luminous object.
Answer:
False

(b) We can clearly see through transparent material.
Answer:
True

(d) Light doesn’t travel in straight line path.
Answer:
False

(e) Due to reflection of light, rooms are lighted up during day time though no direct sunlight enters the room.
Answer:
True

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

Column A	Column B
1. Natural sources of light	(a) Light moves along a straight path
2. CFL, LED and tube light	(b) Opaque object
3. Rectilinear propagation of light	(c) Shadow cast by a heavenly body
4. Eclipse	(d) Man-made sources of light
5. Cardboard, wood and metal	(e) Sun, stars and firefly.

Answer:

Column A	Column B
1. Natural sources of light	(e) Sun, stars and firefly
2. CFL, LED and tube light	(d) Man-made sources of light
3. Rectilinear propagation of light	(a) Light moves along a straight path
4. Eclipse	(c) Shadow cast by a heavenly body
5. Cardboard, wood and metal	(b) Opaque object.

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Objects, like moon, which do not emit light of their own, are called:
(a) Luminous objects
(b) Absorbers of light
(c) Non-luminous objects
(d) Reflectors of light.
Answer:
(c) Non-luminous object

Question (ii)
An object, through which we can see partially, but not very clearly, is:
(a) A rubber ball
(b) A sheet of plane glass
(c) A sheet of tracing paper
(d) A compact disk.
Answer:
(c) A sheet of tracing paper

Question (iii)
When sun (during evening) is behind an object, the size of its shadow in comparison to that of the object M ould be:
(a) Smaller
(b) Almost zero
(c) Larger
(d) Equal.
Answer:
(C) Larger

Question (iv)
The image, formed by a pinhole camera, is:
(a) Inverted and diminished
(b) Inverted and enlarged
(c) Erect and enlarged
(d) Erect and diminished.
Answer:
(a) Inverted and diminished

Question (v)
For shadow formation, we require :
(a) An opaque object
(b) A source of light
(c) The screen to obtain the shadow
(d) All of the above.
Answer:
All of the above

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
State the type of path that light ordinarily follows while going from one point to another.
Answer:
Light follows straight line path.

Question (ii)
Fishes do not cast shadow in water. Why ?
Answer:
Fishes do not cast their shadows when the bed river or swimming pool which acts as a screen is far away from the fishes.

Question (iii)
State the relative position of sun, earth and the moon during solar eclipse.
Answer:
During solar eclipse, the position sun will be between earth and the moon and the
three are in a straight line.

Question (iv)
In a completely dark room, if you hold a mirror in front of you, will you see a reflection of yourself in the mirror ?
Answer:
If you hold a mirror in front of you in a completely dark room you cannot see your image because light is required for formation of image.

Question (v)
Two identical bed sheets, of pink and grey colour are hanging on a rope under the sun. What would be the colour of shadow of these two bed sheets ?
Answer:
We know that the shadow of an opaque object is always black. The colour of shadow does not depend on the colour of an object. So the colour of shadows of these two bed sheets would be black.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What is regular reflection ?
Answer:
Regular reflection. When light falls on a plane mirror or smooth and polished surface of some metal then it is reflected in a regular manner. This type of reflection is known as regular reflection.

Question (ii)
Why shadow in afternoon is smaller than shadow formed in the morning ?
Answer:
During noon the sun is vertically above our head and the sun rays directly fall on the
objects so that a small image is formed whereas in the morning the sun rays fall obliquely resulting in a large shadow. The size of the shadow depends upon the position of the source of light relative to the object.

7. Long Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Using suitable diagrams show that size of shadow formed, depends on relative position of the source of light and the opaque object.
Answer:
It is clear from the figure that by increasing the distance between the source of light and the opaque body the size of the shadow decreases. And if the distance between the source of light and the opaque object decreases the size of the shadow becomes light. Thus we can say that the size of shadow formed depends on the relative position of source of light and the opaque object.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 1

Question (ii)
Using diagram, show the formation of image by pinhole camera.
Answer:
Pinhole camera. It is a simple camera which can be made from wood or cardboard box. Take two boxes such that one can slide into the other tube easily.

Cut the small flaps of one side of each box. Make a hole in the centre of other side of big box. Similarly cut a rectangular flap in the centre of other side of small box. Put a piece of tracing paper on this cut. Slide the smaller box inside the bigger box. A pinhole camera is ready.

Working. Try to view from the open side of small box. Cover your head and box with a black cloth. View some trees or far off objects. Fix camera on object which is completely under sunlight. Slide small box inside bigger box so that a picture can be obtained on butter paper.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 2

Formation of sun’s shadow with pinhole camera.
To make shadow of sun, we need a big cardboard sheet with a pinhole in centre. Hold this sheet in front of sun to get a clear shadow. We will see round image of sun in the centre of the cardboard sheet.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 3

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Light Shadows and Reflections Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
The substance through which light can pass is called:
(a) Translucent
(b) Opaque
(c) Transparent
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Transparent

Question 2.
For formation of shadow, the object in the path of light should be:
(a) Transparent
(b) Opaque
(c) Traslucent
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Opaque

Question 3.
Seeing across Translucent objects is possible:
(a) Completely
(b) Partially
(c) Not at all
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Partially

Question 4.
Luminous bodies:
(a) Emit light
(b) Do not emit light
(c) Take light from other body and then emit light
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Emit light

Question 5.
Moon is a body:
(a) Luminous
(b) Non-luminous
(c) Both luminous and non-luminous
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Non-luminous

Question 6.
During reflection, light after striking polished surface is:
(a) Sent back into the same medium
(b) Is passed on to the other medium
(c) Some part of light returns to the same medium
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Sent back into the same medium

Question 7.
Reflection of light occurs at :
(a) Regular surface
(b) Irregular surface
(v) Some part of the surface is regular and some part is irregular.
Answer:
(a) Regular surface

Question 8.
When an opaque object is brought near a source of light, then :
(a) The size should become equal to that of the object
(b) The size of the shadow becomes smaller
(c) The size of the shadow increases
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(d) None of these.

Question 9.
The image formed in a pinhole camera is of :
(a) Object situated near
(b) Distant object
(c) Distant object at rest
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Distant object

Question 10.
The shadow of a transparent object is :
(a) Dark black
(b) Circular
(c) Large sized
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(d) None of these.

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) Those objects through which light can not pass completely are called ……………….. objects.
Answer:
Translucent

(b) An opaque object placed in the path of light rays coming from source of light forms a black region behind the object which is called ………………
Answer:
Shadows

(d) Irregular reflection of light takes place from a …………….. surface.
Answer:
rough

(e) Images of sun and other luminous objects are formed by ………………….
Answer:
Pinhole camera

Write (T) against true and (F) against false statements:

(a) The size of the shadow of an object does not depend on the position of source of light.
Answer:
False

(b) During lunar eclipse the moon is in between sun and earth and three are in a straight line.
Answer:
False

(d) Moon is a non-luminous body.
Answer:
True

(e) Taking source of light away from an opaque object forms large shadow of the object.
Answer:
False

Match the following :

Match statement of column A with that of Column B.

Column A	Column B
1. Light travels in straight line	Earth lies in between moon and sun.
2. Lunar eclipse	Formation of shadow
3. Solar eclipse	Pinhole camera.
4. Inverted and small image	Opaque objects, source of light and screen
5. Shadows	Moon is between Earth and Sun.

Answer:
(1) Light travels in straight line – Formation of shadow.
(2) Lunar eclipse – Earth lies in between moon and sun.
(3) Solar eclipse – Moon is between Earth and Sun.
(4) Inverted and small image – Pinhole camera.
(5) Shadows – Opaque objects, source of light and screen.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is luminous body ?
Answer:
Luminous body. An object which gives out light of its own is called luminous body.

Question 2.
Name some luminous bodies.
Answer:
The sun, electric bulb, lighted candle, stars etc.

Question 3.
What are non-luminous bodies ?
Answer:
Non-luminous bodies. The bodies which donot give out light are called non-luminous bodies.

Question 4.
Name four non-luminous bodies.
Answer:
Card board, Table, Chair, Stone.

Question 5.
What is a transparent material ?
Answer:
Transparent. The matrial which comdpletely transmits light rays through it, is called transparent.

Question 6.
Name four transparent materials.
Answer:
Air, glass, water, alcohol.

Question 7.
What is an opaque material ?
Answer:
Opaque. The materials which do not allow the light to pass through them, are called opaque.

Question 8.
Name four opaque materials.
Answer:
Card board, Stone, wood piece and brick wall.

Question 9.
What is traslucent material ?
Answer:
Translucent. The material which transmits only part of light through it, is called translucent.

Question 10.
Name four translucent materials.
Answer:
Smoke, Fog, Butter paper, Rubber glass.

Question 11.
What is to be done to see shadow ?
Answer:
To see a shadow, place an opaque object in the path of source of light.

Question 12.
What are shadows ?
Answer:
Shadows. It is the dark space formed on the other side of the opaque object, when it is placed in the path of light.

Question 13.
Why should not we see directly towards the Sun ?
Answer:
It can affect our eyes.

Question 14.
How is image in a pinhole camera, possible ?
Answer:
When light travels in a straight line, then an inverted image is formed in a pinhole camera.

Question 15.
What is reflection of light ?
Answer:
Reflection of light. When a ray of light falls on a mirror/polished surface, it is sent back in to the same medium. This change of path of light is known as reflection of light.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Is moon a Luminous or non-luminous body ?
Answer:
Moon is a non-luminous body as it does not give out light but reflects the sun light falling on its surface.

Question 2.
What are the conditions necessary for seeing objects ?
Answer:
Conditions necessary for seeing objects :

The object to be seen
Eye
Presence of light

We cannot see objects in the dark. It is the light that helps us to see objects.

Question 3.
Differentiate between luminous and non-luminous bodies.
Answer:
Luminous bodies. Those bodies which give out light of their own are called Luminous bodies. For example, the Sun, the stars, jugnu, candle, an oil lamp etc.

Non-Luminous bodies. Some objects around us do not give out light themselves, but become visible only when light from a luminous body falls on them and some part of the reflected light enters our eyes.
Examples. Wood, Iron, cardboard and brick etc.

Question 4.
Why does an opaque body form shadow when light falls on it ?
Answer:
When light falls on an opaque body, it does not allow light to pass through it, so it forms its shadow.

Question 5.
What is a shadow ? What happens when an object is moved towards source of light ?
Answer:
Shadow. It is a dark space formed on the other side of the opaque object, when it is placed in the path of light. The opaque object does not allow the light to pass through it and light travels in a straight line only.

Question 6.
When we see some opaque object at height in the sun, black spots are seen on the earth. Why ?
Answer:
When we see some opaque objects at a height in the sun we notice some black spots on the earth which are shadows of the objects formed on the earth. Here earth acts as a screen.

Question 7.
Is a screen needed for shadow formation ? Which type of material, act as screen for shadows in daily life ?
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 4
Yes, screen is needed for shadow formation as shadows can be seen on screens only.
Walls of a room, building and such surface etc. act as screen for shadows in daily life.

Question 8.
Show with an experiment that light travels in a straight line.
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 5
Take a small piece of long rubber pipe and place a candle on a table. Light the candle. Stand a little far away from the table and see the candle flame through the pipe. It is visible. Now bend the pipe or move it to the right or left and again look for the candle flame. The candle flame will disappear. This shows that light travels in a straight line.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 6
The reason is that light rays coming towards our eye through pipe is stopped due to bend. Since pipe is made up of opaque material, so light cannot pass through it. Hence light cannot reach our eye, due to which candle is not visible to us. This shows that light travels along a straight line.

Question 9.
What is reflection of light ? Which objects can cause reflection ?
Answer:
Reflection of light. The phenomenon of coming back of light into the same medium in a particular direction after falling on any surface, is called reflection of light. Ordinarily reflection takes place from polished surfaces but sometimes we see reflection of trees and buildings from water of tank or lake.

Question 10.
Classify the objects or materials given below as opaque, transparent or translucent luminous and non-luminous.

Air, water, a piece of rock, a sheet of aluminium, a miror, a wooden board, a sheet of polythene, a CD, smoke, a sheet of plane glass, fog, a piece of red hot iron, an umbrella, a lighted fluorescent tube, a wall, a sheet of carbon paper, the flame of a gas burner, a sheet of cardboard, a lighted torch, a sheet of cellophane, a wire mesh, kerosene stove, sun, firefly, moon.
Answer:
Opaque. A piece of rock, a sheet of aluminium, a wooden board, a CD, a sheet of carbon paper, a wall, a sheet of cardboard.
Transparent. Air, water, a sheet of plane glass.
Translucent. A sheet of cellophane, a sheet of polythene, smoke, fog, an umbrella, a wiremesh.
Luminous. A mirror, a lighted fluorescent tube, lighted torch, a flame of a gas burner, a piece of red hot iron, kerosene stove, sun, firefly.
Non-Luminous. A piece of rock, aluminium sheet, a wooden board, a sheet of cardboard moon.

Question 11.
Can you think of creating a shape that would give a circular shadow if held in one way and a rectangular shadow if held in another way ?
Answer:
A cylindrical box can give rectangular shadow when placed in vertical direction while a round/circular shadow when placed horizontally.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 7

Question 12.
What are the conditions necessary for formation of shadow of an opaque objects ?
Answer:
For formation of shadow of an opaque object, the following conditions are necessary :

A source of light
An opaque object
The screen (may be a wall or ground

Question 13.
What is Irregular Reflection ?
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 8
Irregular Reflection. When light falls on some rough or uneven surface then after reflection light gets scattered. Such type of reflection is called irregular reflection. Due to this phenomenon we see various objects around us.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the reflection of light ? Show the phenomenon of reflection with the help of an activity.
Answer:
Reflection of light : The phenomenon coming back of light into the same medium after following on a smooth and polished surface is called reflection of light.

Activity 1.
Ask your friend to hold a plane mirror in his hand and stand in a corner of a dark room. Cover the glass of a torch with your palm and switch it on. To get a beam of light leave some space between your fingers. Throw this beam of light on the plane mirror held by your friend, you would notice the spots of light. Now change the direction of torch so that the image of some other friend standing in the room is formed in the mirror.
This activity shows that the mirror relflects the light falling on its surface.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 9

Activity 2.
Fix a comb on one side of a white thermocol sheet and fix a mirror on the other side as shown in fig. Fix a dark cloured sheet of paper between the comb and the mirror. Now project a beam of light from a torch through the comb on the mirror. You will see a pattern as shown in the figure.
This activity shows that mirror changes the direction of light that falls on it. which is due to reflection of light.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 10

Question 2.
Show an activity to study the factors which are responsible to affect the size and colour of shadows.
Answer:
Study of factors that affect the size and colour of shadows:
Activity.
Throw a beam of light from a torch over a cubical block as shown in the figure to get its shadow on the ground. First, move the torch towards the cubical block and then away from it.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 11

You will notice that when the torch is closer to the cubical block, the shadow is small and when it is away, the shadow is large in size.

Now use cubical blocks of different colours like chalk boxes, books, copies, tiffin boxes for getting shadows. You will see that in each case shadow is black.

In this way from the above activity we conclude:

The size of the shadow of a given opaque object depends on the relative position of the source of light and the opaque object.
The shadow of an opaque object is always black whatever may be the colour of the opaque object.