Class 10

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class English Book Solutions English Vocabulary Common Errors Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 10th Class English Vocabulary Common Errors

Correct the following sentences.

(a)
1. There are plenty of fish here.
2. The flowers are beautiful thing.
3. Bible is holy book.
4. The sun rises in east.
5. She is a M.A.
6. He kept me in dark.
7. She can’t help laugh.
8. I enjoy to play hockey.
9. It is no use to cry over spilt milk.
10. He tried cross the river.
Answer:
1. There is plenty of fish here.
2. The flowers are a beautiful thing.
3. The Bible is a holy book.
4. The sun rises in the east.
5. She is an M.A.
6. He kept me in the dark.
7. She can’t help laughing.
8. I enjoy playing hockey.
9. It is no use crying over spilt milk.
10. He tried to cross the river.

(b)
1. It is too cold today.
2. She is so nice.
3. You are too busy.
4. We are the childrens of India.
5. Work hard lest you may not fail.
6. I saw you long before.
7. I have only finished two stories.
8. Please attend your lesson.
9. She found me lie on the ground.
10. I don’t blame to you.
Answer:
1. It is very cold today.
2. She is very nice.
3. You are very busy.
4. We are the children of India.
5. Work hard lest you should fail.
6. I have seen you long before.
7. I have finished two stories only.
8. Please attend to your lesson.
9. She found me lying on the ground.
10. I don’t blame you.

(c)
1. I know who are you.
2. Why did you let him to go ?
3. I requested him help me.
4. Geeta is a holy book.
5. He will be back in few days.
6. Everybody was in holiday mood.
7. I got chance to show my skill.
8. One must do his duty.
9. Mother gave me many advices.
10. Leave in hand, please.
Answer:
1 know who you are.
2. Why did you let him go ?
3. I requested him to help me.
4. The Geeta is a holy book.
5. He will be back in u few days.
6. Everybody was in a holiday mood.
7. I got a chance to show my skill.
8. One must do one’s duty.
9. Mother gave me much advice.
10. Let go of my hand, please.

(1) Errors in the use of nouns

Incorrect Sentences

Correct Sentences

1. Sita is fond of vegtables 2. Ria’s hair are black 3. She threw two breads before the dog. 4. Two of my brother-in-laws are staying with me. 5. These cattles are mine. 6. All the peoples have ‘gone to town. 7. Herds of swines lived in the forest. 8. The child learned the alphabets before he could read. 9. Her house is full of good 10. She wrote very good 11. This is a six-years-old 12. Lara has some grey 13. She expressed her thank to her uncle. 14. Geeta bought two dozens 15. Sher Singh ran a three miles 16. Teachers are sitting in the staff’s 17. She goes to her office on 18. One of my friend is a teacher. 19. Abha is my cousin sister. 20. The sceneries of Kashmir are very charming. 21. Ramu has packed my 22. She sent us many informations. 23. They gave you many advices. 24. She found two long hair in her food. 25. The boys did many 26. In the first inning, our team scored eighty runs.

Sita is fond of vegetables. Ria’s hair is black. She threw two pieces of bread before the dog. Two of my brothers-in-law are staying with me. These cattle are mine. All the people have gone to town. Herds of swine lived in the forest. The child learned the alphabet before he could read. Her house is full of good furniture. She wrote very good poetry. This is a six-year-old horse. Lara has some grey hairs. She expressed her thanks to her uncle. Geeta bought two dozen mangoes. ‘ Sher Singh ran a three-mile race. Teachers are sitting in the staff room. She goes to her office on foot. One of my friends is a teacher. Abha is my cousin. The scenery of Kashmir is very charming. Ramu has packed my luggage. She sent us much information. They gave you much advice. She found two long hairs in her food. The boys did many acts of mischief. (The boys did much mischief.) In the first innings, our team scored eighty runs.

(2) Errors in the use of adjectives

Incorrect Sentences

Correct Sentences

1. She did not eat many bread. 2. Ram ate small honey. 3. Every men are mortal. 4. Much men are poor. 5. Little men are rich. 6. Your uncle should take no side. 7. Take the medicine each four hours. 8. What book do you like the best ? 9. Which nonsense this is ! 10. Buses pass my house each hour. 11. Sita is beautiful than Radha. 12. Megha is my oldest daughter. 13. Tell me the last news. 14. My dress is costlier than you. 15. Tom is wise for his age. 16. My pen is superior than yours. 17. I am senior by him in service. 18. He has bought any bread. 19. He has not bought some bread. 20. He has bought no any bread. 21. His condition is so serious that there is a little hope of his recovery. 22. Little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 23. Hurry up ! We have only little time left. 24. He spent a little money he had. 25. I need few days’ rest. 26. A few women can keep a secret. 27. He read a few books he had. 28. Many young men have served their country nobly. 29. There were trees on every side of the road. 30. The doctor called to see him each other day. 31. They all loved each other. 32. The two men struck one another. 33. This boy is no less cleverer than that.

She did not eat much bread. Ram ate a little honey. All men are mortal. Many men are poor. Few men are rich. Your uncle should take neither side. Take the medicine every four hours. Which book do you like the best ? What nonsense this is ! Buses pass my house every hour. Sita is more beautiful than Radha. Megha is my eldest daughter. Tell me the latest news. My dress is costlier than yours. Tom is wiser for his age. My pen is superior to yours. I am senior to him in service. He has bought some bread. He has not bought any bread. He has not bought any bread. His condition is -so serious that- there is little hope of his recovery. A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. Hurry up ! We have only a little time left. He spent the little money he had. I need a few days’ rest. Few women can keep a secret. He read the few books he had. Many young men have served their country nobly. (Many a young man has served his country nobly.) There were trees on each side of the road. The doctor called to see him every other day. They all loved one another. The two men struck each other. This boy is no less clever than that.

(3) Errors in the use of articles

Incorrect Sentences

Correct Sentences

1. Dog is faithful animal. 2. Rich should help the, poor. 3. A sun rises in the east. 4. You kept me in dark. 5. He wanted to become teacher. 6. I have never been to Agra Fort. 7. She wants house to live in. 8. Do not lose the heart. 9. He wants little sugar for tea. 10. He is honourable man. 11. The singing is my hobby. 12. We were first to reach the school. 13. His house caught the fire. 14. Next morning I had a idea. 15. Tom was first to protest. 16. They made him feel little better. 17. He will be back in few days. 18. Few students are present in the stadium. 19. I have the headache. 20. The game came to end. 21. She is a honourable lady. 22. I want to buy a umbrella. 23. I am a honest worker. 24. She returned after o hour. 25. Do not make noise.

Dog is a faithful animal. The rich should help the poor. The sun rises in the east. You kept me in the dark. He wanted to become a teacher. I have never been to the Agra Fort. She wants a house to live in. Do hot lose heart. He wants a little sugar for tea. He is an honourable man. Singing is my hobby. We were the first to reach the school. His house caught fire. Next morning I had an idea. Tom was the first to protest. They made him feel a little better. He will be back in a few days. A few students are present in the stadium. I have a headache. The game came to an end. She is an honourable lady. I want to buy an umbrella. I am an honest worker. She returned after an hour. Do not make a noise.

(4) Errors in the use of verbs

Incorrect Sentences

Correct Sentences

1. Vegetables goes bad in summer. 2. Either Mohan or Sham are to be promoted. 3. Neither Tom nor his sister have gone to school. 4. Seventy miles are a long distance. 5. I have finished my play last night. 6. He finished his work when I met him. 7. Law and order are to be maintained. 8. May I came in, Madam ? 9. What will I do next ? 10. She said her friend goodbye. 11. A snake cut her. 12. She laid in her bed. 13. I know to play football. 14. The teacher gave a speech. 15. He was ill for two days when the doctor was sent for. 16. I solved all the questions before the time was over. 17. The patient died before the doctor came. 18. The boat was sunk by a storm which suddenly sprang up. 19. You will be hearing this news already; so I need not to repeat it. 20. Look ! The smoke conies out of the window. 21. If you will play the piano, I will sing. 22. If you played the piano, I will sing. 23. If you had played the piano, I would sing. 24. I learnt that my friend has failed. 25. The judge declared that he is guilty.

Vegetables go bad in summer. Either Mohan or Sham is to be promoted. Neither Tom nor his sister has gone to school. Seventy miles is a long distance. I finished my play last night. He had finished his work when I met him. Law and order is to be maintained. May I come in, Madam? What shall I do next? She bade her friend goodbye. A snake bit her. She lay in her bed. I know how to play football. The teacher made a speech. He had been ill for two days when the doctor was sent for. I had solved all the questions before the time was over. The patient had died before the doctor came. The boat was sunk by a storm which had suddenly sprung up. You will have heard this news already; so I need not repeat it. Look ! The smoke is coming out of the window. If you play the piano, I will sing. If you played the piano, I would sing. If you had played the piano, I would have sung. I learnt that my friend had failed. The judge declared that he was guilty.

(5) Errors in the use for Proposition

Incorrect Sentences

Correct Sentences

1. Manav does not obey to his father. 2. My son does not listen what I say. 3. Meena was angry upon her daughter. 4. He fell from his horse and injured his back. 5. Come and see me at Sunday. 6. I have known him since years. 7. I’d prefer to make the journey with car. 8. I washed the dirt at my hands. 9. This shirt is made with cotton. 10. We cooked food with an open fire. 11. She wore a jacket on her dress. 12. This cloth costs ₹ 50 each metre. 13. They tied him with tree. 14. He wore a blue shirt in his coat. 15. He wanted me to write the preface of his book.

Manav does not obey his father. My son does not listen to what I say. Meena was angry with her daughter. He fell off his horse and injured his back. Come and see me on Sunday. I have known him for years. I’d prefer to make the journey by car. I washed the dirt off my hands. This shirt is made of cotton. We cooked food over an open fire. She wore a jacket over her dress. This cloth costs ₹ 50 per metre. They tied him to a tree. He wore a blue shirt under his coat. He wanted me to write the preface to his book.

(6) Errors in the use of Pronouns

Incorrect Sentences

Correct Sentences

1. Myself can do it. 2. Those are ours toys. 3. This action of her’s was not liked by us. 4. It was me who did it. 5. I and you will help the poor. 6. I and my friend were invited to the party. 7. I, you and he “should attend the meeting. 8. You, he and I broke the rules of this game. 9. It is a secret between he and me. 10. Let he and I do it. 11. We enjoyed much at the hill station. 12. Each of the guests must bring their own card. 13. Everybody were in their best clothes. 14. Neither of these two boys are going to pass. 15. None of those boys were allowed to enter their class.

I can do it myself. Those are our toys. (Those toys are ours.) This action of hers was not liked by us. It was I who did it. You and I will help the poor. My friend and I were invited to the party. You, he and / should attend the meeting. I, he and yow broke the rules of this game. It is a secret between him and me. Let him and me do it. We enjoyed ourselves much at the hill station. Each of the guests must bring his (or her) own card. Everybody was in his (their) best clothes. Neither of these two boys is going to pass. None of those boys was allowed to enter his class.

(7) Errors in the use of auxiliaries

Incorrect Sentences

Correct Sentences

1. I will be obliged to you. 2. If she will come to me, I shall help her. ’ 3. I will be drowned and nobody shall save me. 4. I shall stand by my brother under all circumstances. 5. You will be turned out of the class if you won’t stop talking. 6. Shall you help me ? 7. Will I go to the garden ? 8. He worked hard lest he may not fail. 9. He will know me if he saw me. 10. He can do this if he tried. 11. You ought love your parents. 12. He ought have worked hard. 13. Must I do it ? No, you must not. 14. He dares not come to my house. 15. He dare to stand alone.

I shall be obliged to you. If she comes to me, I shall help her. I shall be drowned and nobody will save me. I will jstand by my brother under all circumstances. You shall be turned out of the class if you don’t stop talking. , Will you help me ? Shall I go to the garden ? He worked hard lest he should fail. He would know me if he saw me. He could do this if he tried. You ought to love your parents. He ought to have worked hard. Must I do it ? No, you need not. He dare not come to my house. He dares to stand alone.

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class English Book Solutions English Vocabulary One Word for Many and their use in Sentences Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 10th Class English Vocabulary One Word for Many and their use in Sentences

1. Something that can be heard – Audible
What he said was not audible.

2. Something written by an unknown person – Anonymous
I received an anonymous letter yesterday.

3. A written declaration made on oath in the presence of a magistrate or a government official – Affidavit
I submitted an affidavit as a proof of my date of birth.

4. A person who does not believe in God – Atheist
An atheist does not believe in God.

5. A government by one person or one party – Autocracy
Autocracy is not a popular form of government.

6. A word opposite in meaning – Antonym
The antonym of ‘good’ is ‘bad’.

7. A life story of a person written by himself – Autobiography
Gandhiji’s autobiography gives a true description of his life.

8. Medicine to counteract the effect of poison – Antidote
What is the antidote for the poison of the snake ?

9. A representative of a government in a foreign country: -Ambassador
Mr. S.R. Sharma is India’s ambassador in Pakistan.

10. A word or sentence the meaning of which is not clear. – Ambiguous
The minister’s replies were ambiguous.

11. Place for keeping birds – Aviary
This aviary contains almost all kinds of birds.

12. A place for the storage of weapons – Arsenal
Our neighbouring country is building up a big arsenal.

13. To increase the gravity of a situation – Aggravate
Your perpetual agruing with your father will certainly aggravate his rage.

14. The crime of setting things on fire – Arson
Terrorists caused arson on a large scale.

15. A list of things to be discussed at a meeting – Agenda
What is the agenda for the next meeting ?

16. A state of growth between boyhood and youth – Adolescence
Adolescence is an impressionable period of life.

17. A carriage for the sick and wounded – Ambulance
The injured man was taken in an ambulance.

18. Objects having life -Animate
Plants and trees are also animate things.

19. A state where no government exists – Anarchy
Unemployment can lead to anarchy.

20. A person liable to be called to account – Accountable
You are accountable for all your misdeeds.

21. An assembly of listeners – Audience
The audience heard Mr. Modi’s speech very attentively.

22. A person who plays a game or does a work only for pleasure – Amateur
Many amateurs also participated in this mission.

23. One who lives in a foreign country – Alien
An American is an alien in our country.

24. A government managed by state officials – Bureaucracy
Bureaucracy should be responsible to the public.

25. Marrying two wives or husbands – Bigamy
Bigamy is not approved in the Indian society.

26. A man who is not married – Bachelor
A bachelor is generally a carefree man.

27. A thing which can be broken easily – Brittle
Glass is hard but brittle

28. To speak ill of a person in his absence – Backbite
Gentlemen don’t indulge in backbiting.

29. A bunch of flowers -Bouquet
I presented her a bouquet on her birthday.

30. The science which deals with life – Biology
Biology is her favourite subject.

31. A girl just before or after her wedding day – Bride
The bride was wearing a red saree.

32. A boy just before or after his wedding day – Bridegroom
The bridegroom came riding a horse.

33. A person who believes everybody – Credulous
A credulous person easily believes what others say.

34. That which can be corrected – Corrigible
Certain defects are not corrigible.

35. A list of names of books – Catalogue
You should consult the library catalogue.

36. A period of one hundred years – Century
We are living in the twenty-first century.

37. A piece of machinery used for mathematical calculations – Calculator
A calculator helps us in making big calculations easily.

38. The peak point of a story or a plot – Climax
The climax of the film was its best part.

39. A place where the dead are buried – Cemetery
The Christians bury their dead in a cemetery.

40. The art of beautiful writing -Calligraphy
The art of calligraphy is now dying.

41. A musical entertainment given in a public hall – Concert
People came in thousands to the concert.

42. One who eats human flesh – Cannibal
This book gives an account of cannibals of the past.

43. Government of the people, by the people, for the people – Democracy
We are the biggest democracy in the world.

44. One who drinks too much – Drunkard
A drunkard is certain to have a short life.

45. A government by one person – Dictatorship
Dictatorship cannot continue for long.

46. Money or gifts given to a girl at her marriage -Dowry
Her rich parents gave her a big dowry.

47. To injure one’s reputation – Defame
Each new government defames the previous one.

48. The art of management practised by statesmen -Diplomacy
Nehru was very good at international diplomacy.

49. A speech made without preparation -Extempore
His extempore speech impressed the listeners.

50. A book containing every kind of information -Encyclopedia
An encyclopedia enriches our knowledge.

51. A person who examines -Examiner
The examiner has marked the answer-books very carelessly.

52. A thing which is fit to be eaten – Edible
All mushrooms are not edible.

53. To root out an evil —Eradicate
Dowry system cannot be eradicated by law alone.

54. To send articles out of the country —Export
India now exports cars to European countries.

55. One who loves his own religion and hates other religions —Fanatic
A fanatic can never be truly religious.

56. Murder of a brother —Fratricide
He was suspected of fratricide by the police.

57. One who is not easily pleased —Fastidious
She is very fastidious about her dress.

58. A period of two weeks —Fortnight
He comes here every fortnight.

59. That which ends in death —Fatal
He was killed in a fatal accident.

60. A man interested in the welfare of women —Feminist
A feminist favours equal rights for women.

61. A person who eats too much —Glutton
He eats like a glutton.

62. A make-up room behind the stage —Green room
Th hm’oine was dressing up in the green room.

63. Money paid to an employee after his retirement —Liratul:y
He got a big gratuity at his retirement.

64. A place for storing grain —Granary
Punjab is called the granary of India.

65. A medicine that kills germs —Germicide
Keep germicides away from children.

66. A post for which no salary is paid .‘ —Honorary
No wages are given for an honorary post.

67. To cause eggs to produce the young —Hatch
The hen hatches its eggs in a dark place.

68. A place of shelter or safety —Haven
This zoo is a haven for birds.

69. A writing which cannot be read clearly —Illegible
Your handwriting is illegible.

70. One who does not show favour to anyone —Impartial
He gave an impartial decision.

71. That which cannot be solved or dissolved —Insoluble
Oil is insoluble in water.

72. One who cannot read or write —Illiterate
The poor farmer was illiterate.

73. That which cannot be conquered —Invincible
Death is invincible.

74. That which cannot be corrected —Incorrigible
He is an incorrigible gambler.

75. One who never dies —Immortal
The soul is immortal.

76. That which is against law —Illegal
I never do an illegal act.

77. That which cannot be cured —Incurable
Cancer is incurable.

78. That which is not proper —Inept
An inept remark can turn friends into enemies.

79. A thing that must happen —Inevitable
Death is inevitable.

80. A loss which cannot.be repaired or made good —Irreparable
This loss is irreparable.

81. A person easily made angry —Irritable
He has an irritable nature.

82. That which can be understood —Intelligible
Her lecture was intelligible to everyone.

83. An article or thing liable to catch fire easily —Inflammable
Petrol is highly inflammable.

84. Worship of idols —Idolatry
Many religions are against idolatry.

85. Showing or having good sense and wisdom —Judicious
It was a judicious decision.

86. A special skill or ability —Knack
Mohan has a knack of pleasing everybody.

87. A problem or question hard to solve —Knotty
It is a knotty problem.

88. One who can read and write —Literate
Very few people in the village are literate.

89. A copy of a book, piece of music, etc. before it has been printed. —Manuscript
The manuscript was neatly handwritten.

90. A disorderly crowd of people —Mob
The police was unable to control the mob.

91. A person with a bad reputation. —Notorious
Jagga was a notorious dacoit.

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Hindi Book Solutions Hindi Grammar vilom shabd विलोम शब्द Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 10th Class Hindi Grammar विलोम शब्द

निम्नलिखित शब्दों के विलोम शब्द लिखिए

उत्तर:

निम्नलिखित बहुविकल्पी प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक सही विकल्प चुनकर लिखें.

प्रश्न 1.
असली का विलोम शब्द है
(क) निष्ठुर
(ख) अनुचित
(ग) नवीन
(घ) नकली।
उत्तर:
(घ) नकली

प्रश्न 2.
चेतन का विलोम शब्द है
(क) सुप्त
(ख) जड़
(ग) जागृत
(घ) निद्रा।
उत्तर:
(ख) जड़

प्रश्न 3.
कोमल का विलोम शब्द है
(क) निष्ठुर
(ख) निकृष्ट
(ग) कर्कश
(घ) अधम।
उत्तर:
(ग) कर्कश

प्रश्न 4.
सार्थक का विलोम शब्द है,
(क) व्यर्थ
(ख) निरर्थक
(ग) निर्गुण
(घ) क्षीण।
उत्तर:
(ख) निरर्थक

प्रश्न 5.
पूर्व का विलोम है, पश्चिम (हाँ या नहीं में उत्तर लिखें)
उत्तर:
हाँ

प्रश्न 6.
दानव का विलोम है, मानव (हाँ या नहीं में उत्तर लिखें)
उत्तर:
नहीं

प्रश्न 7.
भय का विलोम है, साहस (हाँ या नहीं में उत्तर लिखें)
उत्तर:
हाँ

प्रश्न 8.
ताप का विलोम है, शीत (सही या गलत लिखकर उत्तर दें)
उत्तर:
सही

प्रश्न 9.
पतन का विलोम है, गिरावट (सही या गलत लिखकर उत्तर दें)
उत्तर:
गलत

प्रश्न 10.
मिलन का विलोम है, विरह (सही या गलत लिख कर उत्तर दें)
उत्तर:
सही।

निम्नलिखित में से किसी एक शब्द का विलोम शब्द लिखिए

वर्ष
1. कंजूस, जिंदाबाद।
उत्तर:
कंजूस = दानी
जिंदाबाद = मुर्दाबाद।

2. हानि, ईमानदार।
उत्तर:
हानि = लाभ
ईमानदार = बेईमान।

3. निंदा, हार।
उत्तर:
निंदा = स्तुति
हार = जीत।

वर्ष
1. करीब, मित्र।
उत्तर:
करीब = दूर
मित्र = शत्रु।

2. आशा, मान
उत्तर:
आशा = निराशा
मान = अपमान।

3. विधवा, स्वस्थ।
उत्तर:
विधवा = सधवा
स्वस्थ = अस्वस्थ।

वर्ष
कंजूस, विस्तार।
उत्तर:
कंजूस = खर्चीला
विस्तार = संक्षेप।

प्रश्न 1.
विलोम शब्द किसे कहते हैं? उदाहरण सहित लिखिए।
उत्तर:
परस्पर विपरीत अर्थ का ज्ञान कराने वाले किसी शब्द को विलोम शब्द कहते हैं। इसे विपरीत या विलोमार्थी शब्द भी कहते हैं। उदाहरण-
(I) रीना सदा न्याय का पक्ष लेती है।
विलोम अर्थ-रीना सदा अन्याय का पक्ष लेती है।

(II) नीरज साधारण परिवार से संबंधित है।
विलोम अर्थ-नीरज असाधारण परिवार से संबंधित है।

(III) गली में एक व्यक्ति था।
विलोम अर्थ-गली में अनेक व्यक्ति थे।

(IV) गीताजंली का व्यवहार उचित था।
विलोम अर्थ-गीतांजली का व्यवहार अनुचित था।

(V) आप की यह हरकत पाक नहीं कहला सकती।
विलोम अर्थ-आप की यह हरकत नापाक नहीं कहला सकती।

प्रश्न 2.
विलोम शब्द किस-किस प्रकार बनाए जाते हैं? उदाहरण सहित लिखिए।
उत्तर:
विलोम शब्द प्रायः तीन प्रकार से बनाए जाते हैं-
(क) उपसर्ग के योग से
(ख) उपसर्ग बदलने से
(ग) विलोम शब्द मूल रूप से।
उदाहरण-
(क) उपसर्ग के योग सेइच्छा-अनिच्छा, साधारण-असाधारण, यश-अपयश, गुण-अवगुण, सुगंध-दुर्गंध, पसंद-नापसंद।
(ख) उपसर्ग बदलने से-साक्षर-निरक्षर, ईमानदार-बेईमानदार, स्वदेश-विदेश, संपन्न-विपन्न, अधुनातन-पुरातन, आयात-निर्यात।
(ग) विलोम शब्द मूल से-उदय-अस्त, आधुनिक-प्राचीन, उजड़ा-बसा, झगड़ा-समझौता, निकास-प्रवेश, दिवस-रात।

(क) उपसर्ग के योग से बने विलोम शब्द
(i) ‘अ’ उपसर्ग के योग से बने विलोम शब्द

(ii) ‘अन्’ उपसर्ग के योग से बने विलोम शब्द

(iii) ‘अप’ उपसर्ग के योग से बने विलोम शब्द

(iv) ‘अव’ उपसर्ग के योग से बने विलोम शब्द

(v) ‘कु’ उपसर्ग के योग से बने विलोम शब्द

(vi) ‘दुः/दुर्’ उपसर्ग के योग से बने विलोम शब्द

(vii) ‘ना’ उपसर्ग के योग से बने विलोम शब्द

(viii) ‘निः/निर्’ उपसर्ग के योग से बने विलोम शब्द

(ix) ‘पर’ उपसर्ग के योग से बने विलोम शब्द

(x) ‘प्रति’ उपसर्ग के योग से बने विलोम शब्द

(xi) ‘वि’ उपसर्ग के योग से बने विलोम शब्द

(xii) ‘बे’ उपसर्ग के योग से बने विलोम शब्द

कुछ विपरीत शब्द मूल रूप में ही प्रयुक्त होते हैं। जैसे-

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Hindi Book Solutions Hindi Grammar anek shabdon ke liye ek shabd अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 10th Class Hindi Grammar अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द

निम्नलिखित वाक्यांशों के लिए एक शब्द लिखिए

उत्तर:

निम्नलिखित बहुविकल्पी प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक सही विकल्प चुनकर लिखें

प्रश्न 1.
जो कहा न जा सके के लिए एक शब्द है-
(क) अकथ
(ख) अकहानीय
(ग) अगोचर
(घ) अनंत।
उत्तर:
(क) अकथ

प्रश्न 2.
जो देखा न जा सके के लिए एक शब्द है
(क) अमूर्त
(ख) अदृश्य
(ग) निराकार
(घ) निरंजन।
उत्तर:
(ख) अदृश्य

प्रश्न 3.
जो कभी न मरता हो के लिए एक शब्द है-
(क) अवध्य
(ख) अगम
(ग) अमर
(घ) अधोरी।
उत्तर:
(ग) अमर

प्रश्न 4.
जिसका आकार हो के लिए एक शब्द है,
(क) आर्कारी
(ख) साकार
(ग) सार्कारी
(घ) आर्कारीय।
उत्तर:
(ख) साकार

प्रश्न 5.
जो सब कुछ जानता हो के लिए एक शब्द है, अज्ञानी (हाँ या नहीं में उत्तर दीजिए)
उत्तर:
नहीं

प्रश्न 6.
जो ईश्वर को न मानता हो के लिए एक शब्द है, नास्तिक (सही या गलत लिखकर उत्तर दें)
उत्तर:
सही

प्रश्न 7.
जो प्रतिदिन होता हो के लिए एक शब्द है, दैनिक (सही या गलत लिखकर उत्तर दें)
उत्तर:
सही

प्रश्न 8.
जो आकाश में उड़ते हों के लिए एक शब्द है, नभीय (हाँ या नहीं में उत्तर दीजिए)
उत्तर:
नहीं

प्रश्न 9.
जिसके माता-पिता न हो के लिए एक शब्द है, अनादि (सही या ग़लत लिखकर उत्तर दें)
उत्तर:
गलत

प्रश्न 10.
पीछे-पीछे चलने वाला के लिए एक शब्द है, अनुगामी (हाँ या नहीं में उत्तर लिखें)
उत्तर:
हाँ।

बोर्ड परीक्षा में पूछे गए प्रश्न निम्नलिखित में से किसी एक वाक्यांश (अनेक शब्दों) के लिए एक शब्द लिखिए

वर्ष
डाक बाँटने वाला, आलोचना करने वाला।
उत्तर:
डाक बाँटने वाला = डाकिया
आलोचना करने वाला = आलोचक।

ईश्वर में विश्वास रखने वाला, वर्ष में एक बार होने वाला।
उत्तर:
ईश्वर में विश्वास रखने वाला = आस्तिक
वर्ष में एक बार होने वाला = वार्षिक।

उपकार को मानने वाला, कम खाने वाला।
उत्तर:
उपकार को मानने वाला = कृतज्ञ
कम खाने वाला = अल्पाहारी, मिताहारी।

वर्ष
समाज से संबंधित, देश से द्रोह करने वाला
उत्तर:
समाज से संबंधित = सामाजिक
देश से द्रोह करने वाला = देशद्रोही।

जिसका पार न हो, डाक बाँटने वाला।
उत्तर:
जिसका पार न हो = अपार
डाक बाँटने वाला = डाकिया।

गाँव में रहने वाला, कृषि कर्म करने वाला।
उत्तर:
गाँव में रहने वाला = ग्रामीण
कृषि कर्म करने वाला = कृषक।

वर्ष
पूर्वजों से प्राप्त हुई सम्पत्ति, जो नीति का ज्ञाता हो।
उत्तर:
पूर्वजों से प्राप्त हुई सम्पत्ति = पैतृक सम्पत्ति,
जो नीति का ज्ञाता हो = नीतिज्ञ।

प्रश्न 1.
वाक्यांश बोधक शब्द किसे कहते हैं?
उत्तर:
जो शब्द अनेक शब्दों के स्थान पर अकेले ही बोलने या लिखने के लिए प्रयोग में लाए जाते हैं उन्हें वाक्यांश बोधक शब्द कहते हैं, जैसे- कृतघ्न, सदाचारी, अवसरवादी, नास्तिक आदि।

प्रश्न 2.
अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक ही शब्द/वाक्यांश का प्रयोग भाषा में क्यों किया जाता है?
उत्तर:
अनेक शब्दों के लिए केवल एक ही शब्द/वाक्यांश का प्रयोग भाषा की सहजता, सुंदरता, संक्षिप्तता और प्रभावात्मकता को बढ़ाने के लिए किया जाता है। इससे कम-से-कम शब्दों में अधिक-से-अधिक भाव अभिव्यक्त किए जा सकते हैं। इसमें एक ही शब्द संपूर्ण वाक्य को अपने भीतर समेटे रहता है। उदाहरण-
जिसका जन्म न हो सके – अजन्मा
जिसके समान कोई दूसरा न हो – अद्वितीय
जिसका कोई शत्रु न हो – अजातशत्रु
बिना वेतन के काम करने वाला – अवैतनिक
विद्या ग्रहण करने वाला – विद्यार्थी’

अनेक शब्द/वाक्यांश के लिए एक शब्द के उदाहरण-

अनेक शब्द/वाक्यांश – एक शब्द
जहाँ पहुँचा न जा सके – अगम्य
अचानक होने वाली बात या घटना – आकस्मिक
अवसर के अनुसार बदल जाने वाला – अवसरवादी
अपना मतलब निकालने वाले – स्वार्थी, मतलबी
दूसरे के पीछे चलने वाला – ‘अनुयायी, अनुचर, अनुगामी
न करने योग्य – अकरणीय
आँखों के सामने होने वाला – प्रत्यक्ष
बिना वेतन काम करने वाला – अवैतनिक
आँखों के सामने न होने वाला – परोक्ष
कम जानने वाला – अल्पज्ञ
आलोचना करने वाला – आलोचक
तेज बुद्धि वाला – कुशाग्र बुद्धि
आगे या भविष्य की सोचने वाला – दूरदर्शी
बरे मार्ग पर चलने वाला – कुमार्गी
ईश्वर में विश्वास रखने वाला – आस्तिक
हानि को पूरा करना – क्षतिपूर्ति
ईश्वर में विश्वास न रखने वाला – नास्तिक
बड़ी इमारत के टूटे-फूटे भाग – खंडहर
उपकार को न मानने वाला – कृतज्ञ
चारों वेदों को जानने वाला – चतुर्वेदी
उपकार को न मानने वाला – कृतघ्न
बहुत समय तक बना रहने वाला – चिरस्थायी
ऊपर कहा गया – उपर्युक्त

जल में रहने वाला – जलचर
कम खाने वाला – अल्पाहारी, मिताहारी
जानने की इच्छा रखने वाला – जिज्ञासु
किसी विषय का विशेष ज्ञान रखने वाला – विशेषज्ञ
छोटा भाई – अनुज
कुछ जानने की इच्छा रखने वाला – जिज्ञासु
दूसरे देश से मँगाया जाना – आयात
जिसका आदि न हो – अनादि
उपजाऊ भूमि – उर्वरा
जिसका आचरण अच्छा हो – सदाचारी
उद्योग से संबंधित – औद्योगिक
किए हुए उपकार को मानने वाला – कृतघ्न
संध्या और रात्रि के बीच का समय – गोधूलि
आकाश को छूने वाला – गगनचुंबी
रोगी का इलाज करने वाला – चिकित्सक
जनता द्वारा चलाया जाने वाला राज – जनतंत्र
तीन मास में एक बार होने वाला – त्रैमासिक
बच्चों के लिए उपयोगी – बालोपयोगी
दूसरे के काम में हाथ डालना – हस्तक्षेप
अपना नाम स्वयं लिखना – हस्ताक्षर
जिसके हाथ में वीणा हो – वीणापति
जिसके पास लाखों रुपये हों – लखपति
जिसका इलाज न हो – लाइलाज
जिसका आचरण अच्छा हो – सदाचारी
जिसका आचरण बुरा हो – दुराचारी
जिसकी आत्मा महान् हो – महात्मा
जिसका कोई अर्थ हो। – सार्थक
जिसका मूल्य न आँका जा सके – अमूल्य
जिसका कोई अर्थ न हो – निरर्थक
जिसके हाथ में चक्र हो – चक्रपाणि
जिसका आकार न हो – निराकार
जिस पर उपकार किया गया हो – उपकृत
जिसका पार न हो – अपार
जिसका कोई स्वामी या नाथ न हो – अनाथ
जिसका भाग्य अच्छा न हो – अभागा, भाग्यहीन
जिसका जन्म न हो सके – अजन्मा
जिसकी परीक्षा ली जा रही हो – परीक्षार्थी
जिसका इलाज न हो सके – असाध्य
जिसकी आयु बड़ी लम्बी हो – दीर्घायु
जिसका विश्वास न किया जा सके – अविश्वसनीय
जिसकी बहुत अधिक चर्चा हो – बहुचर्चित
जिसका मन और ध्यान दूसरी तरफ़ हो – अन्यमनस्क
जिसकी कोई फीस न ली जाए – निःशुल्क
जिसका मूल्य न आँका जा सके – अमूल्य
जिसकी गिनती न की जा सके – अगणनीय
जिसका पति मर गया हो – विधवा
जिसका कोई शत्रु न हो – अजातशत्रु
जिसकी पत्नी मर गई हो – विधुर
जिसका पति जीवित हो – सधवा/सुहागिन
जिसे क्षमा न किया जा सके – अक्षम्य
जिसने ऋण चुका दिया हो – उऋण
जिसने अपनी इन्द्रियों पर विजय पा ली हो – जितेन्द्रिय
जिस पर अभियोग लगाया गया हो – अभियुक्त/प्रतिवादी
जो हाथ से लिखित हो – हस्तलिखित
जो कुछ न करता हो – अकर्मण्य
जो लोगों में प्रिय हो। – लोकप्रिय
जो सबसे आगे रहता हो – अग्रणी, अग्रगामी, अगग्रण्य
जो शरण में आया हो – शरणागत
जो अनुकरण करने योग्य हो – अनुकरणीय
जो सरलता से प्राप्त हो – सुलभ
जो धन का अपव्यय करता है – अपव्ययी
जो स्वयं सेवा करता हो – स्वयंसेवक
जो थोड़ा बोलता हो – अल्पभाषी/मितभाषी
जो वेतन के बिना काम करे – अवैतनिक
जो सदा रहे/जो कभी मरता न हो – अमर
जो देखा न जा सके – अदृश्य
जो कानून के विरुद्ध हो – अवैध

जो साथ-साथ पढ़ते हों – सहपाठी
जो सहन न किया जा सके – असह्य
जो थोड़ी देर पहले पैदा हुआ हो – नवजात
जो पहले न पढ़ा हो – अपठित
जो थोड़ा बोलता हो – मितभाषी
जो आँखों के सामने न हो – अप्रत्यक्ष
जो कम व्यय करता हो – मितव्ययी
जो परिचित न हो – अपरिचित
जो नियम के अनुसार न हो – अनियमित
जो केवल कहने और दिखाने के लिए हो – औपचारिक
जो बात कही ना सके – अकथनीय
जो कल्पना से परे हो – कल्पनातीत
जो पहले न पढ़ा हो – अपठित क
जो व्यक्ति अपनी बुराई के लिए प्रसिद्ध हो – ुख्यात
जो परिचित न हो – अपरिचित
जो निरंतर प्रत्यनशील रहे – कर्मठ
जो कभी तृप्त न हो – अतृप्त
जो पढ़ा-लिखा न हो – अनपढ़/निरक्षर
जो बात न कही गई हो – अनकही
जो उच्च कुल में पैदा हुआ हो – कुलीन
जो कार्य कष्ट से साध्य हो – कष्ट साध्य/दुःसाध्य
जो कड़वा बोलता हो – कटुभाषी
जो क्षमा करने योग्य हो। – क्षम्य
जो टुकड़े-टुकड़े हो गया हो – खंडित
जो छिपाने योग्य हो – गोपनीय
जो जन्म से अंधा हो – जन्मांध
जिसकी मीन/मछली जैसी आँखें हों – मीनाक्षी
जिसने यश प्राप्त किया है – यशस्वी
दूसरे लोक से संबंधित – पारलौकिक
मांस खाने वाला – मांसाहारी/समिषभोजी
युद्ध में स्थिर रहने वाला – युधिष्ठर
शक्ति के अनुसार – यथाशक्ति
अत्यंत सुंदर स्त्री – रूपसी
पत्तों से बनी कुटिया – पर्णकुटी
दिन में होने वाला – दैनिक
सप्ताह में एक बार होने वाला – साप्ताहिक
पंद्रह दिन में एक बार होने वाला – पाक्षिक
तीन मास में एक बार होने वाला – त्रैमासिक
वर्ष में एक बार होने वाला – वार्षिक
घूमने फिरने वाला – घुम्मकड़
देश से द्रोह करने वाला – देशद्रोही
छात्रों के रहने का स्थान – छात्रावास
दो कामों में से करने योग्य एक कार्य – वैकल्पिक
चारों वेदों को जानने वाला – चतुर्वेदी
नई चीज़ की खोज करने वाला – आविष्कारक
एक ही जाति के – सजातीय
परदेश में जाकर बस जाने वाला – प्रवासी
हिंसा करने वाला – हिंसक
पश्चिम से सम्बन्ध रखने वाला – पाश्चात्य
शक्ति का उपासक – शाक्त
पूर्वजों से प्राप्त हुई सम्पत्ति – पैतृक
संकट से ग्रस्त – संकटग्रस्त/विपन्न
प्रशंसा करने योग्य – प्रशंसनीय
समान अवस्था का – समवयस्क
बिना विचार किया हुआ विश्वास – अंधविश्वास
युगों से चला आने वाला – सनातन
समाज से संबंधित – सामाजिक
अच्छे चरित्र वाला – सच्चरित्र
सदा रहने वाला – शाश्वत

अपना मतलब निकालने वाला – स्वार्थी
सौ वर्षों का समूह – शताब्दी
साफ़-साफ़ कहने वाला – स्पष्टवादी
हित चाहने वाला – हितैषी, शुभेच्छु
सौतेली माँ – विमाता
जिसमें संदेह हो – संदिग्ध

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Hindi Book Solutions Hindi Grammar samroopi bhinnarthak shabd समरूपी भिन्नार्थक शब्द Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 10th Class Hindi Grammar समरूपी भिन्नार्थक शब्द

निम्नलिखित समरूपी भिन्नार्थक शब्द-युग्म का प्रयोग वाक्य में करके अर्थ स्पष्ट कीजिए-

उत्तर:

निम्नलिखित बहुविकल्पी प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक सही विकल्प चुनकर लिखिए

प्रश्न 1.
अचल-अचला के अर्थ हैं
(क) असमर्थ-अनुरक्त
(ख) पर्वत-पृथ्वी
(ग) साधन-साध्य
(घ) हिलना-डुलना।
उत्तर:
(ख) पर्वत-पृथ्वी

प्रश्न 2.
अनल-अनिल के अर्थ हैं
(क) आग-पानी
(ख) धूप-छाँव
(ग) आग-हवा
(घ) खट्टा-मीठा।
उत्तर:
(ग) आग-हवा

प्रश्न 3.
कुल-कूल के अर्थ हैं
(क) पूर्ण-अपूर्ण
(ख) वंश-किनारा
(ग) साधन-सहारा
(घ) पूरा-ठंडा।
उत्तर:
(ख) वंश-किनारा

प्रश्न 4.
चिर-चीर के अर्थ हैं
(क) देर-तट
(ख) चीरना-घाव
(ग) देरी-वस्त्र
(घ) चिड़ना-चीखना।
उत्तर:
(ग) देरी-वस्त्र

प्रश्न 5.
क्षिति-क्षति के अर्थ हैं-पृथ्वी-हानि (सही या गलत लिखकर उत्तर दें)
उत्तर:
सही

प्रश्न 6.
सुत-सूत के अर्थ हैं-पुत्र-सारथी (हाँ या नहीं लिख कर उत्तर दें)
उत्तर:
हाँ

प्रश्न 7.
तुरंग-तरंग के अर्थ हैं-मौज-मस्ती (हाँ या नहीं लिखकर उत्तर दें)
उत्तर:
नहीं

प्रश्न 8.
बलि-बली के अर्थ हैं-भेंट-बलवान (सही या गलत लिखकर उत्तर दें)
उत्तर:
सही

प्रश्न 9.
कर्म-क्रम के अर्थ हैं-काम-सिलसिला (हाँ या नहीं लिख कर उत्तर दें)
उत्तर:
हाँ

प्रश्न 10.
अंस-अंश के अर्थ हैं-हिस्सा-कंधा (सही या गलत लिखकर उत्तर दें)
उत्तर:
गलत।

निम्नलिखित में से किसी एक समरूपी भिन्नार्थक शब्द-युग्म का प्रयोग वाक्य में इस तरह करें ताकि उनका अर्थ स्पष्ट हो जाए-

वर्ष
1. असमान-आसमान, प्रणाम-प्रमाण।
उत्तर:
असमान = सुरेश उसके असमान है।
आसमान = आसमान में अनेक तारे हैं।
प्रणाम = पुत्र ने पिता को प्रणाम किया।
प्रमाण = प्रमाण के अभाव में आरोपी को आरोप मुक्त कर दिया गया।

2. उधार-उद्धार, प्रहार-परिहार।
उत्तर:
उधार = राम ने सुरेश को सौ रुपये उधार दिए।
उद्धार = सच्चे भक्त का उद्धार परमात्मा करते हैं।
प्रहार = गुंडे ने चाकू से दो प्रहार किए।
परिहार = स्वामी जी मोहमाया का परिहार कर चुके हैं।

3. राज-राज़, माँस-मास।
उत्तर:
राज = राजा अशोक ने भारत पर कई वर्षों तक राज किया।
राज़ = मुझे नरेश से राज़ की बात जाननी है।
माँस = शेर हिरण का माँस खा रहा था।
मास = दीपावली कार्तिक मास में मनाई जाती है।

वर्ष
1. गृह, ग्रह, धरा, धारा
उत्तर;
गृह = आपका गृह तो बड़ा भव्य है।
ग्रह = कुछ लोग शनि ग्रह को कष्टकारी मानते हैं।
धरा = यह धरा ही तो हमें अनाज प्रदान करती है।
धारा = गंगा की धारा देखने योग्य है।

2. सुत, सूत, मातृ, मात्र
उत्तर:
सुत = मेरा सुत भी अभी घर पहुंचा है।
सूत = आप तो बड़ा बारीक सूत कातते हैं।
मातृ’ = हमें जन्म देने वाली मातृ तो पूजनीय है।
मात्र = मेरी तो आपसे मिलने मात्र की इच्छा थी।

3. सूखी, सुखी, सास, साँस
उत्तर:
सूखी = इस सूखी धरती पर तो फसल नष्ट हो जाएगी।
सुखी = ईश्वर आपको सदा सुखी रखे।
सास = कल मेरी सास यहाँ आएगी।
साँस = रोगी की साँस मंद होती जा रही थी।

प्रश्न 1.
‘समरूपी भिन्नार्थक’ शब्द से क्या तात्पर्य है?
उत्तर:
विश्व-भर की सभी भाषाओं में कुछ ऐसे शब्द होते हैं जो उच्चारण में प्रायः समानता रखते हैं लेकिन उनके अर्थ में भिन्नता होती है। ऐसे शब्दों को समरूपी भिन्नार्थक शब्द कहते हैं। इन्हें श्रुतिसम भिन्नार्थक शब्द भी कहते हैं। इन शब्दों का प्रयोग अलग-अलग प्रसंगों में किया जाता है। जैसे-
(क) इत्र-सुगंधित पदार्थ
इतर-अन्य, दूसरा

(ख) गृह-घर
ग्रह-नक्षत्र

(ग) कृपण-कंजूस
कृपाण-तलवार

(घ) सुत-बेटा
सूत–सारथी/धागा

(ङ) ओर-तरफ
और-तथा

समरूपी भिन्नार्थक शब्दों के उदाहरण

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Hindi Book Solutions Hindi Grammar paryayvachi ya samanarthi shabd पर्यायवाची या समानार्थी शब्द Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 10th Class Hindi Grammar पर्यायवाची या समानार्थी शब्द

निम्नलिखित शब्दों के पर्यायवाची शब्द लिखिए

उत्तर:

निम्नलिखित बहुविकल्पी प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक सही विकल्प चुनकर लिखें

प्रश्न 1.
अग्नि का पर्यायवाची शब्द है
(क) अनिल
(ख) अनल
(ग) अलि
(घ) अम्बु।
उत्तर:
(ख) अनल

प्रश्न 2.
गंगा का पर्यायवाची शब्द है
(क) निर्झरिणी
(ख) आपगा
(ग) भागीरथी
(घ) वसुंधरा।
उत्तर:
(ग) भागीरथी

प्रश्न 3.
कमल का पर्यायवाची शब्द है
(क) वारिज
(ख) मयंक
(ग) जलद
(घ) सलिल।
उत्तर:
(क) वारिज

प्रश्न 4.
पक्षी का पर्यायवाची शब्द है
(क) नग
(ख) खग
(ग) गज
(घ) नभ।
उत्तर:
(ख) खग

प्रश्न 5.
जल का पर्यायवाची सलिल है (हाँ या नहीं में उत्तर लिखिए)
उत्तर:
हाँ

प्रश्न 6.
पृथ्वी का पर्यायवाची धरणीधर है (हाँ या नहीं में उत्तर लिखिए)
उत्तर:
नहीं

प्रश्न 7.
पुत्री का पर्यायवाची आत्मा है (सही या गलत में उत्तर लिखें)
उत्तर:
गलत

प्रश्न 8.
माता का पर्यायवाची धात्री है (हाँ या नहीं में उत्तर लिखिए)
उत्तर:
नहीं

प्रश्न 9.
समुद्र का पर्यायवाची रत्नाकर है (सही या गलत में उत्तर लिखें)
उत्तर:
सही

प्रश्न 10.
हाथी का पर्यायवाची नग है (हाँ या नहीं में उत्तर लिखें)
उत्तर:
नहीं।

निम्नलिखित में से किसी एक शब्द के दो पर्यायवाची शब्द लिखिए

1. ईश्वर, जल।
उत्तर:
ईश्वर = भगवान, ईश, प्रभु, जगदीश, जगन्नाथ
जल = नीर, पानी, उदक, अंबु, वारि, सलिल, पय।

2. आँख, पुत्र।
उत्तर:
आँख = नेत्र, नयन, चक्षु, लोचन, दृग
पुत्र = सुत, बेटा, लाल, तनय, आत्मज।

3. राजा, स्त्री।
उत्तर:
राजा = नरेश, सम्राट, भूप, महीप, नरपति
स्त्री = नारी, औरत, महिला, मनुजा, मानसी।

4. सागर, हवा
उत्तर:
सागर = समुद्र, सिंधु, जलधि, अंबुधि।
हवा = पवन, वात, समीर, प्रकंपन।

5. पुत्र, आँख
उत्तर:
पुत्र = सुत, पूत, आत्मज्ञ, बेटा आँख = नेत्र, नयन, चक्षु, लोचन।

6. पत्नी, उत्सव
उत्तर:
पत्नी = भार्या, गृहणी, अर्धांगिनी
उत्सव = पर्व, समारोह, त्योहार।

7. दिन, इच्छा।
उत्तर:
दिन = दिवस, वार, दिवा
इच्छा = चाह, कामना, लालसा।

प्रश्न 1.
पयार्यवाची शब्द किसे कहते हैं?
उत्तर:
जो शब्द भिन्न-भिन्न होते हुए भी किसी एक ही समान अर्थ को स्पष्ट करते हैं उन्हें पर्यायवाची शब्द कहते हैं। इन शब्दों को समानार्थक या समानार्थी भी कहा जाता है। जैसे-
गुरु जी पधारे हैं।
क्या आपको आचार्य ने समझाया नहीं था?
अपने शिक्षक की बात ध्यान से सुना करो।
इन वाक्यों में गुरु, आचार्य और शिक्षक समान अर्थ को व्यक्त करते हैं इसलिए ये पर्यायवाची शब्द हैं।

प्रश्न 2.
पर्यायवाची शब्दों के प्रयोग को सदा सावधानीपूर्वक प्रयोग क्यों किया जाना आवश्यक होता है?
उत्तर:
पर्यायवाची शब्द चाहे समान अर्थ को देते हैं लेकिन सदा एक-दूसरे का स्थान नहीं ले सकते। ‘बड़ा’ और ‘बहुत’ पर्यायवाची शब्द माने जाते हैं और उनका प्रयोग प्रायः समान अर्थ के लिए किया जाता है जैसे-

1. महात्मा जी की बात का देश की जनता पर बड़ा प्रभाव हुआ।
2. महात्मा जी की बात का देश की जनता पर बहुत प्रभाव हुआ।

अनेक स्थितियों में पर्यायवाची शब्दों में सूक्ष्म अंतर होने के कारण उनका प्रयोग समान स्थितियों में नहीं किया जा सकता; जैसे-
I. गंगा जल पवित्र माना जाता है।
नाली का जल धीरे-धीरे बह रहा है।
इन दोनों वाक्यों में प्रयुक्त शब्द ‘जल’ दूसरे वाक्य के लिए उचित नहीं माना जा सकता। उसके लिए ‘पानी’ शब्द का प्रयोग किया जाना चाहिए।

II. बगीचे में मंद-मंद हवा बहुत अच्छी लगती है।
बगीचे में मंद-मंद प्रकंपन अच्छा लगता है।
दूसरे वाक्य में अच्छी लगने वाली हवा के लिए ‘प्रकंपन’ शब्द का प्रयोग उचित प्रतीत नहीं होता चाहे वह हवा का पर्यायवाची है।

III. ‘जूता’ और ‘चरणदास’ दोनों एक ही अर्थ को व्यक्त करते हैं लेकिन प्रायः ‘चरणदास’ शब्द का प्रयोग ‘जूते’ के लिए आम बोलचाल में नहीं किया जाता। इसी प्रकार ‘गिरिधारी’ को ‘माखनचोर’ कहना भी कुछ अटपटा-सा प्रतीत होता है। इसीलिए पर्यायवाची शब्दों का प्रयोग सदा सावधानीपूर्वक किया जाना चाहिए।

उदाहरण:
अग्नि – हुताशन, वह्नि, आग, अनल, पावक, दाहक, ज्वाला।
अच्छा – उपयुक्त, उचित, शुभ।
अध्यापक – गुरु, आचार्य, उपाध्याय, शिक्षक।
अन्य – भिन्न, और, दूसरा, पृथक्।
असुर – राक्षस, दैत्य, दानव, निशाचर।
अनुपम – अतुल, अतुल्य, अतुलनीय, अनोखा, अद्भुत, निराला, अद्वितीय।
आज्ञा – आदेश, हुकम, निर्देश।
आँख – नेत्र, चक्षु, नयन, लोचन, विलोचन, दृग।
आनंद – हर्ष, खुशी, उल्लास, प्रमोद, आमोद, प्रसन्नता।
आकाश – आसमान, गगन, अबंर, नभ, शून्य, अक्षर, अनंत।
आभूषण – गहना, जेवर, भूषण, अलंकार।
अनुचर – दास, नौकर, सेवक, परिचारक, भृत्य।
अतिथि – मेहमान, आगंतुक, अभ्यागत।
आम – आम्र, रसाल, पिकप्रिय, अमृतफल।
असुर – दैत्य, दानव, राक्षस, निशाचर।
अंधकार – तम, अंधेरा, तिमिर, तमस।
आशा – उम्मीद, आस, आसरा
इच्छा – मनोरथ, चाह, चाहत, जी, कामना, अभिलाषा, आकांक्षा, लालसा।
ईश्वर – त्रिलोकनाथ, ईश, भगवान्, परमात्मा, परमेश्वर, प्रभु, जगदीश, जगन्नाथ, दीनबंधु।
इंद्र – सुरपति, देवराज, शचीपति, सुरेश, देवेन्द्र, सुहेन्द्र, सुरेन्द्र।
इनाम – पुरस्कार, पारितोषिक, प्रीतिकर, आनंदकर।
ऊषा – सवेरा, प्रभात, निशांत, अरुणोदय।
उदर – पेट, जठर, कुक्षि।
उन्नति – उत्कर्ष, उत्थान, उदय, बुद्धि।
उद्देश्य – लक्ष्य, ध्येय, तात्पर्य, अभिप्राय, आशय।
उद्यान – बाग, बगीचा, उपवन, वाटिका, गुलशन, गुलसिताँ।
कान – कर्ण, श्रवण, श्रोत्र।
कमल – जलज, नीरज, वारिज, सरोज, अंबुज, राजीव, पंकज, नलिन।
केश – बाल, अलक, कच, कुंतल।
कृषक – किसान, हलवाहा, कृषिजीवी, खेतीहर।
कोमल – नरम, नाजुक, सुकुमार, मुलायम, मृदु।
कलह – कलेश, विवाद, झगड़ा।
कान – कर्ण, श्रोत्र, श्रावण।
किनारा – तट, तीर, कूल, पुलिन।
कपड़ा – पट, वसन, अंबर, वस्त्र, परिधान।
कृष्ण – गिरधर, गोविंदा, केशव, गोपाल, देवकी नंदन, नंदकुमार, नंदलाल, नंदनंदन, गोपीनाथ, गिरिधारी।
क्रोध – गुस्सा, रोष, कोप, आमर्ष।
गंगा – गंग, देव सरिता, सुरसरिता, सुरनदी, सुरसरि, जाह्नवी, भागीरथी, नदीश्वरी, भगीरथी।
गाय – गौ, सुरभि, धेनु। घर-आवास, आलय, धाम, निकेत, निकेतन, निलय, गेह। गणेश-गणपति, गजानन, विनायक, लंबोदर।
चंद्रमा – विधु, चंद, चन्द्र, चाँद, शशि, सोम, सुधाकर, सुधांशु, हिमांशु, राकेश, मयंक, माहताब, निशाकर, मृगांक, रजनीश।
चाँदनी – चंद्रिका, कौमुदी, ज्योत्स्ना, चंद्रमरीची।
चतुर – निपुण, कुशल, नागर, प्रवीण, होशियार, दक्ष।
छल – धोखा, कपट, दग़ा, फ़रेब।
जंगल – वन, कानन, विपिन, अरण्य।
जल – उदक, पानी, अंबु, नीर, वारि, सलिल, पय, तोय।
जीभ – जिह्वा, रसना, जुबान, रसा, रसज्ञा।
जूता – जूत, जोड़ा, पदत्र, पादत्राण, चरण दास।
झंडा – केतु, ध्वज, ध्वजा, पताका, परचम, वैजयंती, निशान।
तलवार – कृपाण, खड्ग, शमशेर, शमशीर, चंद्रभास, चंद्रहास, असि, करवार, करवाल, करवीर।
तालाब – सर, सरोवर, तड़ाग, ताल, जलाशय, सलिलाशय, पोखर।
तीर – शर, बाण, सायक, शिलीमुख।
थोड़ा – तनिक, न्यून, ज़रा, अल्प, किंचित।
दर्पण – शीशा, आइना, आरसी, मुकुर।
दांत – दाँत, दशन, रद, दंश, द्विज।
दिन – अहन, दिवस, वासर, वार, रोज़, दिवा।
दास – नौकर, सेवक, भृत्य, अनुचर, परिचारक।
दीपक – चिराग़, दीप, दीया, प्रदीप।
दुःख – कष्ट, शोक, व्यथा, वेदना, पीड़ा, विषाद, क्षोभ।
दुष्ट – अधम, नीच, खल, कुटिल, दुर्जन।
देवता – सुर, देव, विबुध, अमर।
धन – अर्थ, दौलत, मुद्रा, द्रव्य, वित्त, विभूति, वसु।
धनुष – कोदंड, चाप, कमान, शरासन।

नदी – सलिला, नद, सरित, सरिता, तटी, तटिनी, तरंगिणी।
नरक – यमलोक, रौरव, यमपुर, यमालय, संघात।
नवीन – नव, अभिनव, नवल, नया, नूतन।
नारी – स्त्री, महिला, वनिता, कामिनी, औरत, अबला, अगंना।
निपुण – होशियार, चतुर, प्रवीण, कुशल, दक्ष, पारंगत।
नौका – नाव, नैया, तरी, तरणी, तरित्री, किश्ती।
पक्षी – खग, विहग, विहंगम, पंखी, पंछी, परिंदा, नभचर, पतंग, अंडज, शकुनि, द्विज, पखेरु।
पंडित – बुध, कोविद, मनीषी, विद्वान्, सुंधि।
पहाड़ – पर्वत, नग, भूधर, भूमिधर, धरणीधर, शैल, अचल, महीधर।
पति – कंत, कांत, भर्ता, प्राणनाथ, सिरताज, स्वामी, नाथ, बालम, साजन।
पत्नी – गृहिणी, कांता, धर्मपत्नी, भार्या, वधू, दारा, अर्धांगिनी, वामा, वामांगी, जीवन संगिनी, प्रिया।
पवन – हवा, वायु, मरुत, मारुत, वात, समीर, समीरण, अनिल, प्रकंपन।
पत्थर – पाषाण, पाहन, प्रस्तर।
पुत्र – लाल, तनय, तनुज, बेटा, सुत, आत्मज।
पुत्री – कन्या, तनया, तनुजा, बेटी, सुता, आत्मजा, लड़की।
पृथ्वी – धरणी, भू, भूमि, मही, धरती, वसुधा, वसुंधरा, धरा, अचला, जगती, अवनि, उर्वी, मेदिनी।
प्रेम – प्यार, अनुराग, प्रणय, प्रीति।
पुरुष – मर्द, नर, आदमी, जन, मनुष्य।
पत्ता – पात, दल, पत्र, पर्ण।
प्रकाश – रोशनी, प्रभा, छवि, चमक, ज्योति, उजाला।
पार्वती – उमा, भवानी, शिवा, दुर्गा, रुद्राणी।
पवित्र – पावन, निर्मल, शुचि, पूत।
पराग – कुसुमरज, पुष्पधूलि, पुष्परज।
पाप – अघ, अधर्म, पातक, दुष्कृत्य।
फूल – कुसुम, सुमन, पुष्प, पुष्पक, प्रसून, गुल, पुहुप।
बादल – घन, जलद, अंबुद, नीरद, वारिद, पयोद, तोयद, मेघ, धराधर, जलधर, पयोधर।
भँवरा – अलि, मधुप, भ्रमर, भंग, षटपद, भौंरा।
मित्र – सखा, सहचर, मीत, साथी, दोस्त, सुहृद।
मृत्यु – निधन, देहांत, अंत, मौत, काल, देहावसान।
मनुष्य – नर, मनुज, मानव, आदमी, पुरुष।
मोर – कलापी, शिखंडी, शिखी, मोर।
मूर्ख – मूढ़, अबोध, अज्ञ, गंवार।।
माता – मात, माँ, जननी, मैया, मातृ, अंबा, अंबिका, धात्री।
मछली – मत्स्य, शफरी, झष, मीन, अंडज।
यत्न – प्रयास, प्रयत्न, उद्यम, उद्योग, पुरुषार्थ।
युवक – युवा, जवान, तरुण।
रात – यामा, रजनी, निशा, निशि, रात्रि, रैन, विभावरी, यामिनी।
राजा – भूप, भूपति, महीप, महीपति, प्रजापति, नरपति, नरेश।
रक्त – लहू, लाल, रुधिर, खून, शोणित।
लक्ष्मी – श्री, रमा, इंदिरा, कमला, चपला, चंचला।
वीर – शूर, शूरवीर, सूरमा, योद्धा, पराक्रमी।
वन – जंगल, कानन, विपिन, अटवी, अरण्य।
वर्ष – साल, अब्द, बरस, संवत।
व्यर्थ – निरर्थक, अर्थहीन, फ़जूल।
शत्रु – अरि, रिपु, वैरी, दुश्मन।
शेर – वनराज, केसरी, मृगराज, सिंह, नाहर।
समुद्र – जलधि, अंबुधि, पयोधि, सागर, नीरधि, वारिधि।
सरस्वती – गिरा, वाणी, शारदा, भारती, कमला, वाग्देवी।
साँप – सर्प, नाग, भुजंग, विषधर।
सूर्य – प्रभाकर, सूरज, रवि, दिनकर, दिनचर, दिवाकर, आदित्य, भास्कर, आफ़ताब, सविता, भानु, दिनेश, तरणि, अंशुमाली।
सेना – फ़ौज, पलटन, ध्वजवाहिनी, पताकिनी, दलबल, अनी, अनीक, सैन्य, दल, कटक, वाहिनी।
‘सिंह – शेर, केसरी, वनराज, मृगराज, हरि, मृगपति, व्याघ्र।
सोना – हाटक, सुवर्ण, स्वर्ण, कनक, कचन, हेम।
स्त्री – नारी, औरत, महिला, मनुजा, मानसी।
हनुमान – पवन पुत्र, केसरी, मारुति।
हाथ – कर, पाणि, हस्त।
हाथी – गज, दिप, मतंग, कुंजर, हस्ती, करी।
हिरन – कुरंग, मृग, सारंग, कृष्णसार।

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Hindi Book Solutions Hindi Grammar visheshan nirman विशेषण-निर्माण Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 10th Class Hindi Grammar विशेषण-निर्माण

निम्नलिखित शब्दों के विशेषण बनाइए:

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 1.
इतिहास का विशेषण है
(क) इतिहासीय
(ख) ऐतिहासिक
(ग) इतिहासिक
(घ) ऐतिहासु।
उत्तर:
(ख) ऐतिहासिक

प्रश्न 2.
घर का विशेषण है
(क) घरेलू
(ख) घरीय
(ग) घरीला
(घ) घरेस्वी।
उत्तर:
(क) घरेलू

प्रश्न 3.
परिवार का विशेषण है
(क) परिवारी
(ख) परिवारू
(ग) पारिवारिक
(घ) परिवारीय।
उत्तर:
(ग) पारिवारिक

प्रश्न 4.
राष्ट्र का विशेषण है
(क) राष्ट्रीय
(ख) राष्ट्र
(ग) राष्ट्रिकता
(घ) राष्ट्रपन।
उत्तर:
(क) राष्ट्रीय

प्रश्न 5.
हृदय का विशेषण है,
(क) हृदयी
(ख) हार्दिय
(ग) हार्दिक
(घ) हार्दित।
उत्तर:
(ग) हार्दिक

प्रश्न 6.
नगर का विशेषण है
(क) नागर
(ख) नागरिक
(ग) नागर्कि
(घ) नागार्कयी।
उत्तर:
(ख) नागरिक

प्रश्न 7.
जिज्ञासा का विशेषण जिज्ञासु है (हाँ या नहीं में उत्तर लिखें)
उत्तर:
हाँ
प्रश्न 8.
भारत का विशेषण भारतीय है। (सही या गलत में उत्तर लिखें)
उत्तर:
सही

प्रश्न 9.
प्रकृति का विशेषण परकृतिय है (हाँ या नहीं में उत्तर लिखें)
उत्तर:
नहीं

प्रश्न 10.
साहित्य का विशेषण साहित्यिक है (सही या गलत में उत्तर लिखें)
उत्तर:
गलत।

वर्ष
निम्नलिखित में से किसी एक शब्द का विशेषण लिखिए
1. बाहर, पंजाब।
उत्तर:
बाहर = बाहरी
पंजाब = पंजाबी।

2. दिन, धन।
उत्तर:
दिन = दैनिक
धन = धनवान, धनवती।

3. बुद्धि, शहर।
उत्तर:
बुद्धि = बुद्धिमान
शहर = शहरी।

वर्ष
1. रंग, खामोश
उत्तर:
रंग = रंगीला
खामोश = खामोशी।

2. सप्ताह, ज्ञान
उत्तर:
सप्ताह = साप्ताहिक
ज्ञान = ज्ञानी/ज्ञानवान।

3. व्यापार, हित
उत्तर:
व्यापार = व्यापारिक
हित = हितवती/हितैषी।

प्रश्न 1.
विशेषण किसे कहते हैं?
उत्तर:
जिन शब्दों से संज्ञा या सर्वनाम की विशेषता व्यक्त होती है, उन्हें विशेषण कहते हैं; जैसेभोली राधा चतुर कृष्ण की बातों में आ गई। इस वाक्य में भोली राधा का तथा चतुर कृष्ण का विशेषण है।

प्रश्न 2.
मूल रूप से कौन-से शब्द विशेषण हैं?
उत्तर:
मूल रूप से विशेषण शब्द अच्छा, कोमल, बुरा, लाल, पीला, विद्वान, पुराना, कठोर, नया, निपुण, मज़बूत आदि हैं।

प्रश्न 3.
विशेषणों का निर्माण कैसे होता है?
उत्तर:
विशेषणों का निर्माण संज्ञा, सर्वनाम, क्रिया तथा अव्यय शब्दों में प्रत्यय लगाकर तथा कहीं-कहीं कुछ आवश्यक परिवर्तन करके किया जाता है; जैसे-

1. संज्ञा शब्द ‘पालन’ में ‘अक’ प्रत्यय लगाकर तथा अंतिम वर्ण को हटाकर विशेषण शब्द ‘पालक’ बनता है।
2. सर्वनाम शब्द ‘वह’ में ‘सा’ प्रत्यय लगाने से विशेषण शब्द ‘वैसा’ बनता है।
3. क्रिया शब्द ‘पढ़ना’ में ‘आक् प्रत्यय लगाने तथा अंतिम ‘ना’ हटाने से विशेषण शब्द ‘पढ़ाकू’ बनता है।
4. अव्यय शब्द ‘भीतर’ में ‘ई’ प्रत्यय लगाने से विशेषण शब्द ‘भीतरी’ बनता है।

प्रश्न 4.
संज्ञा शब्दों से विशेषण शब्दों का निर्माण कीजिए।
उत्तर:
संज्ञा शब्द से विशेषण शब्द का निर्माण

प्रश्न 5.
सर्वनाम शब्दों से विशेषण शब्दों का निर्माण कीजिए।
उत्तर:
सर्वनाम शब्द से विशेषण शब्द निर्माण

प्रश्न 6.
क्रिया शब्दों से विशेषण शब्दों का निर्माण कीजिए।
उत्तर:
क्रिया शब्द से विशेषण शब्द निर्माण

प्रश्न 7.
अव्यय शब्दों से विशेषण शब्दों का निर्माण कीजिए।
उत्तर:
अव्यय शब्द से विशेषण शब्द निर्माण

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class English Book Solutions English Vocabulary Idioms Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 10th Class English Vocabulary Idioms

I. Use the following idioms in sentences of your own :

1. Off and on
2. In the air
3. To come to light
4. Call it a day
5. In a nutshell
6. Early bird
7. To go to the dogs
8. Cry wolf
9. Down to earth
10. To end in smoke
11. Tooth and nail
12. Hat-trick
Answer:
1. Off and on– Our principal addresses the students off and on
2. In the air — Corruption is in the air all over the country.
3. To come to light – Many strange facts came to light during course of enquiry.
4. Call it a day — It is very late now; we should call it a day.
5. In a nutshell – He explained everything to me in a nutshell.
6. Early bird — He is an early bird. He goes for a morning walk every day.
7. To go to the dogs — Without discipline, any organisation go to the dogs.
8. Cry wolf — Do not trust him. He is in the habit of crying wolf.
9. Down to earth — His down to earth proposal attracted immediate attention.
10. To end in smoke — All my efforts to reform him have ended in smoke
11. Tooth and nail — We shall oppose corruption tooth and nails
12. Hat-trick — Which Indian bowler performed a Hat-trick m the last World Cup?

II. Match the idioms in column A with their meanings in column B :

A — B
1. hard and fast — (a) in detail
2. ill at ease — (b) to happen
3. go up in flames — (c) to bribe
4. to lose face — (d) to blame
5. to foot the bill — (e) rigid
6. to find fault with — (f) uncomfortable
7. to grease the palm — (g) to pay the bill
8. to come to pass — (h) to be destroyed
9. on the cards — to lose prestige
10. at length : — (j) probable
Answer:
1. — (e) 2. — (f) 3. — (h) 4. – (i) 5. — (g) 6. — (d) 7. —(C) 8. — (b) 9. (j) 10. — (a)

शब्दों के ऐसे समूह को idiom या मुहावरा कहा जाता है जिसका अर्थ उसके अलग-अलग शब्दों से स्पष्ट न हो, अपितु पूरे समूह को ही याद करना और उसके अर्थ को जानना होता हो। इस तरह के कुछ शब्द – समूह (idioms) नीचे दिए जा रहे है

1. Above board
This shopkeeper is above board in his dealings.

2. Adam’s ale
Adam’s ale is very necessary for good health.

3. An eyewash
This enquiry is only an eyewash; nothing will come out of it.

4. At par
Death treats the rich and the poor at par.

5. In the air
Terrorism is in the air all over the world.

6. All in all
Our father is all in all in our family.

7. At a discount
They are selling everything at a discount.

8. Apple of one’s eye
The only son was the apple of his parents’ eye.

9. Apple of discord
Kashmir has become an apple of discord between India and Pakistan.

10. All Greek
He spoke in English which was all Greek to the villagers.

11. At a stretch
She can speak for hours at a stretch. At a low
Morality is at a low ebb these days.

13. As easy as ABC
Mathematics for me is not difficult. It is as easy as ABC.

14. Again and again
I have warned him again and again, but he does not care.

15. All of a sudden
He got up all of a sudden and left the room.

16. At large
Her killer is still at large.

17. At length
He talked about his problem at length.

18. Behind one’s back
You should not abuse him behind his back.

19. A bed of roses
Life is not a bed of roses for the poor.

20. Borrowed plums
Borrowed plums don’t make one rich in the real sense.

21. Blue blood
Princess Diana was never proud of her blue blood.

22. A bosom friend
Is he your bosom friend ?

23. To beat about the bush
Do not beat about the bush; come to the point.

24. By virtue of
She got the job by virtue of her greater experience.

25. By leaps and bounds
Our school is progressing by leaps and bounds under the present principal.

26. On the cards
It is on the cards that Indian cricket team will win the World Cup this time.

27. To carry the day
Indian team carried the day against Pakistani team.

28. A cat and dog life
He has been living a cat and dog life with his wife.

29. To call a spade a spade
I have no fear and always call a spade a spade.

30. A clean state
After her divorce she started her life with a clean state.

31. A close shave
They had a close shave in the car accident last night.

32. A cock and bull story
He made up a cock and bull story for being absent.

33. To come to light
During the enquiry, many new facts have come to light.

34. To come to pass
All that you told me has come to pass.

35. Crocodile tears
The wicked wife shed crocodile tears over the death of her husband.

36. Call it a day
After playing for his country for ten years, he decided to call it a day.

37. Call the shots
It is the manager who calls the shots in our company.

38. Charity begins at home
For all politicians these days, charity begins at home.

39. Clear the deck
The Principal asked the students to clear the deck for the welcome of the Chief Guest at the Annual Function of the school.

40. Close-fisted person
He is a close-fisted person and won’t give you any money.

41. Coin money
He is coining money from his new business.

42. Cut one’s coat according to one’s cloth
If you don’t want to get into debt, always cut your coat according to your cloth.

43. Dark horse
The lean and thin boy proved a dark horse when he won the long-distance race.

44. To go to the dogs
His business has gone to the dogs and his family is starving.

45. Down to earth
My approach to life is always down to earth.

46. A dead language
Sanskrit is now a dead language.

47. Die by inches
The poor old man died by inches.

48. Do a good turn
Try to do a good turn every day.

49. To give ear
Give ear to what I am saying.

50. To make both ends meet
It is very difficult for the poor to make both ends meet these days.

51. To end in smoke
All my efforts to reform him have ended in smoke.

52. An eye-opener
You should take your failure as an eye-opener.

53. Now start working hard. Early bird
She is an early bird and goes for a morning walk.

54. To lose face
As a result of his mistakes, he has lost face in his office.

55. To save face
She was dismissed, but she saved face by telling everyone that she had resigned.

56. Face-to-face
I came face-to-face with a burglar when I opened the door of my house.

57. To find fault with
We should not find fault with others.

58. With flying colours
Those who work hard always come off with flying colours in their exams.

59. To foot the bill
Who will foot the bill of this party ?

60. Tooth and nail
We shall oppose the new taxes tooth and nail.

61. To gain ground
Madhuri is gaining ground in her popularity day-by-day.

62. To throw out of gear
Life was thrown out of gear because of the floods.

63. To grind one’s teeth
She grinds her teeth when she is asleep.

64. To grease the palm
In India, you can have anything done by greasing the palm.

65. Go up in flames
The whole house went up in flames with a cracker.

66. A hen-pecked husband
He is a hen-pecked husband; his wife leads him by the nose.

67. A Herculean task
It is a Herculean task to bring up one’s children these days.

68. To lay hands on
No one can dare to lay hands on our soil.

69. To take heart
He took heart, tried again, and was successful.

70. To take to one’s heels
On seeing the policeman, the thief took to his heels.

71. Hard and fast
There are no hard and fast rules of reading a book.

72. To hush up
The minister tried to hush up the bad acts of his son.

73. Ins and outs
He quickly learnt all the ins and outs of his father’s business.

74. Ill at ease
Phatik felt ill at ease at his uncle’s house.

75. To keep an eye on
We requested our neighbours to keep an eye on our house while we were away.

76. To look sharp
Look sharp, or you will miss the train.

77. In a nutshell
Tell me the whole story in a nutshell.

78. To cry over spilt milk
It is no use crying over spilt milk.

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class English Book Solutions English Vocabulary Pairs of Words Generally Confused Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 10th Class English Vocabulary Pairs of Words Generally Confused

Choose the correct word for each blank.

1. He went for a walk in the ………..(wood, woods)
2. She always ……………. good clothes. (wares, wears)
3. Please …………… here for some time. (wait, weight)
4. Bad …………….. of drugs was soon felt. (affect, effect)
5. He was set free on …………….. (bale, bail)
6. Can you ……………… this stick ? (break, brake)
7. ……. off your old shoes. (Caste, Cast)
8. Lata is my ………………. friend.(dear, deer)
9. He does not …… good clothes (wear, ware)
10. The child wanted me to tell a …………(tail, tale)
11. I …………….. whose house is this ! (wander, wonder)
12. He felt .. ……………. after illness. (weak, week)
13. Do not go out in bad ……. (weather, whether)
14. She gave …………….. to a baby girl. (birth, berth)
15. He noted it down in his (diary, dairy)
16. He is opening the garden …………… (gate, gait)
17. If a man is not …………….. he can hardly expect to succeed. (industrious, industrial)
18. He fell a ………………. to disease. (pray, prey)
19. Newton formulated the …………… of gravitation.(principal, principle)
20. He wanted to …………….. an educated girl. (marry, merry)
21. Make a list of all the ……………… members in our staff. (male, mail)
22. She never lost her …………… (tamper, temper)
23. ……………… out the damp clothes. (Ring, Wring)
24. He is in the ……………… of smoking after meals. (custom, habit)
25. Do not ……………… in the class. (doze, dose)
Answer:
1. woods
2. wears
3. wait
4. effect
5. bail
6. break
7. Cast
8. dear
9. wear
10. tale
11. wonder
12. weak
13. weather
14. birth
15. diary
16. gate
17. industrious
18. prey
19. principle
20. marry
21. male
22. temper
23. Wring
24. habit
25. doze.

अंग्रेजी भाषा के कुछ शब्द प्रायः विद्यार्थियों के मन में उलझन पैदा कर देते हैं क्योंकि कई बार वे बोलने में एक जैसे प्रतीत होते हैं, किन्तु उनके अर्थ एक-दूसरे से बहुत भिन्न होते हैं। इस तरह के शब्दों के अर्थ और उनके प्रयोग विद्यार्थियों को अच्छी तरह से समझ लेने चाहिएं। ऐसे कुछ उदाहरण प्रयोग सहित नीचे दिए जा रहे हैं।

1. Accept – He accepted my offer.
Except – All except Mohan were present.

2. Alter – Don’t alter your decision now.
Altar – He bowed his head at the altar.

3. Adapt – You should adapt yourself to new system.
Adopt – Rajni says she will adopt this child.
Adept – She is adept in painting.

4. Access – I have no access to the minister.
Excess – Excess of everything is bad.

5. Advise – He advised me to work hard.
Advice – I shall follow your advice.

6. Angle – Make an angle of 30°.
Angel – Gandhiji was an angel of peace.

7. Incident – It was a sad incident of my life.
Accident – He was killed in a bus accident.

8. Amiable – She has an amiable nature.
Amicable – They reached an amicable settlement.

9. Affect – Overwork affected her health.
Effect – My advice had no effect on him.

10. Artisan – A blacksmith is an artisan.
Artist – A singer is an artist.

11. Bail – He was released on bail.
Bale – I bought two bales of cotton.

12. Bare – Don’t walk around in bare feet.
Bear  – I can’t bear this insult.

13. Battle – Our army won the battle.
War – The world is living in the fear of war.

14. Born – When were you born?
Borne – I have borne many difficulties.

15. Bridal – She has gone for bridal make-up.
Bridle – Can you bridle this horse?

16. Birth – What is your date of birth?
Berth – I got a berth in the train.

17. Break – You shouldn’t break the rules.
Brake – The brakes of my bike don’t work.

18. Canon – It is against the canons of morality.
Cannon – He was killed by a cannon ball.

19. Canvas – He is good at canvas painting.
Canvass – He was canvassing for votes.

20. Carrier – My bicycle has no carrier.
Career – He was successful in his career.

21. Cast – Cast off your old dress.
Caste – He is a Brahmin by caste.

22. Childish – I don’t like her childish ways.
Childlike – Your childlike simplicity is in fact your beauty.

23. Cite – He cited an example to prove his point.
Site – This site is good for a factory.
Sight – The sight of the hills was very lovely.

24. Cord – I want a piece of cord to hang this picture.
Chord – A chord joins two points on a circle.

25. Course – The question paper was out of course.
Coarse – This cloth is very coarse.

26. Custom – The dowry is a bad custom.
Habit – Smoking is a bad habit.

27. Check – The teacher checked my homework:
Cheque – I gave her a cheque for one thousand rupees.

28. Council – He is a member of the students council.
Counsel – Listen to the counsel of your elders.

29. Dear – Arun is my dear friend.
Deer – A deer can run very fast.

30. Dose – Take your dose of medicine.
Doze – He was dozing in the class.

31. Discover – America was discovered by Columbus.
Invent – Who invented telephone?

32. Disease – Is Diabetes not a serious disease?
Decease – After her father’s decease, she joined the family business.

33. Drown – The boy was drowned in the river.
Sink – The boat sank in the flooded river.

34. Due – This loss was due to your carelessness.
Dew – The dew drops looked very beautiful.

35. Dying – The old man was dying.
Dyeing – He has a dyeing factory

36. Diary – Diary writing is a good habit.
Dairy – We buy milk from a dairy.

37. Envelop – He was enveloped blanket.
Envelope – She received a letter with a torn envelope.

38. Fair – Our prices are always fair.
Fare – Children travel half fare.

39. Feet – I have pain in my feet.
Feat – The magician showed us many feats.

40. Farther – I am tired and can’t go any farther.
Further – Have you any further questions?

41. Flour – The bread is made of flour.
Floor – There was a carpet on the floor.

42. Fore – There was fire in the fore part of the ship.
Four – Two and two make four.

43. Foul – Never play a foul game.
Fowl – The goose is a water fowl.

44. Forth – They set forth at dawn.
Fourth – She got the fourth position.

45. Farm – Mr. Gill has a very big farm.
Form – Please help me fill in this form.

46. Gate – This big building has an iron gate.
Gait – She has a lovely gait.

47. Goal – What is your goal in life?
Gaol – The thief was sent to gaol.

48. Hail – He hails from Delhi.
Hale – He looked hale and hearty.

49. Heel – I have pain in my left heel.
Heal – Your wound will take time to heal.

50. Human – To err is human.
Humane – She has a very humane nature.

51. Hair – She has very long hair.
Hare – The hare can run very fast.

52. Idle – Don’t sit idle…
Idol – Sachin is the idol of many cricket lovers.

53. Industrial – Ludhiana is an industrial town.
Industrious – Punjabis are industrious people.

54. Loose – I like loose clothes.
Lose – Be brave and don’t lose heart.

55. Lesson – I have learnt my lesson.
Lessen – This tablet will lessen your pain.

56. Loin – Let us gird up our loins.
Lion – He is as brave as a lion.

57. Liar – He is a liar by nature.
Lawyer – His father is a lawyer.

58. Mail – I received a letter by mail.
Male – She has one male child.

59. Miner – Seven miners were killed in the accident.
Minor – It is not a minor mistake.

60. Merry – Eat, drink and be merry.
Marry – She doesn’t want to marry.

61. Meet – I meet him almost daily.
Meat – I do not eat meat.

62. Pail – The pail is full of water.
Pale – She turned pale at the sight of a thief in the house.

63. Pain – I have pain in my head.
Pane – Who has broken the window-pane ?

64. Pair – I have bought a pair of shoes.
Pare – Pare your nails.

65. Piece – I gave him a piece of bread.
Peace – We want to live in peace.

66. Practice – Practice makes a man perfect.
Practise – You should practise every day.

67. Quite – I am feeling quite well today,
Quiet – Keep quiet, please.

68. Pray – I pray to God daily.
Prey – The lion is a beast of prey.

69. Principal – The principal of our school is a gentle person.
Principle – He is a man of high principles.

70. Right – He is right in saying this.
Rite – Old rites must go now.
Write – She writes to me off and on.

71. Route – We took the shortest route.
Rout – The enemy was put to rout.

72. Role – She played her role nicely.
Roll – The teacher took the roll.

73. Ring – She was wearing a gold ring.
Wring – Wring out the towel, please.

74. Sale – This house is for sale.
Sail – The ship was in full sail.

75. Sore – My eyes are sore.
Sour – These grapes are sour.
Soar – Prices are soaring these days.

76. Soul – The soul is immortal.
Sole – The sole of my shoe needs mending.

77. Stationary – The sun is stationary.
Stationery – He deals in stationery.

78. Steal – Knowledge is a thing that none can steal.
Steel – The knife is made of steel.

79. Story – He told us a false story.
Storey – This house has three storeys.

80. Son – His son is a doctor.
Sun – The sun gives us light and heat.

81. Tail – A monkey has a long tail.
Tale – She related her sad tale.

82. Their – They have finished their work.
There – We waited there for an hour.

83. Throne – The king was sitting on his throne.
Thrown – Rotten eggs were thrown away.

84. Tamper – Someone has tampered with my books.
Temper – Do not lose your temper.

85. Vacation – We went to Shimla during the summer vacation.
Vocation – Nursing is a noble vocation.

86. Waste – Don’t waste your time. e
Waist – I have pain in my waist.

87. Weak – The old man was too weak to walk.
Week – He is coming here next week.

88. Wonder – I wonder what he wants.
Wander – He keeps wandering all day.

89. Whet – Hard work whets the appetite.
Wet – Don’t wear these wet clothes.

90. Weather – The weather was fine on the hills.
Whether – I want to know whether he will come.

91. Weight – What is your weight ?
Wait – I had to wait for a long time.

92. Ware – He goes from street to street selling his wares.
Wear – She loves to wear loose clothes.

93. Wood – This chair is made of wood.
Woods – He left home and went to live in the woods.

94. Which – Which class are you in ?
Witch – I don’t believe in ghosts and witches.

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class English Book Solutions English Grammar Punctuation Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 10th Class English Grammar Punctuation

Note : A complete Answer Key has been given at the end of the exercises. Punctuate the following :

I.
1. my sister is an m a bed
2. ramesh the director of the company has gone to delhi
3. the rich and the poor the high and the low the weak and the strong visit this temple
4. he asked me why i was crying
5. the sun having risen we started our journey
6. god save me from such friends
7. tibet the roof of the world is an old land
8. she is no doubt the happiest girl under the sun
9. we bought apples oranges peaches and bananas
10. unless you work hard you cant stand first
Answer:
1. My sister is an M.A., B.Ed.
2. Ramesh, the director of the company, has gone to Delhi.
3. The rich and the poor, the high and the low. the weak and the strong, visit this temple.
4. He asked me why I was crying.
5. The sun having risen, we started our journey.
6. God. save me from such friends
7. Tibet, the roof of the world, is an old land.
8. She is, no doubt, the happiest girl under the sun.
9. We bought apples, oranges, peaches and bananas.
10. Unless you work hard, you can’t stand first.

II.
1. kashmir the Switzerland of india is very beautiful
2. may i come in sir
3. well well meet at the station tomorrow
4. money is after all not the most important thing
5. she is an american she a dutch
6. mohan in his heart of hearts felt sad
7. harpreet was elected an mla
8. balwinder to tell you the truth is a crook
9. there are five m a beds in our school
10. sita is a dancer gita a singer an
Answer:
1. Kashmir, the Switzerland of India, is very beautiful.
2. May I come in, sir ?
3. Well, we’ll meet at the station tomorrow.
4. Money is, after all, not the most important thing.
5. She is an American; she, a Dutch.
6. Mohan, in his heart of hearts, felt sad.
7. Harpreet was elected an M.L.A.
8. Balwinder to tell you the truth is a crook.
9. There are five M.A., B.Eds in our school.
10. Sita is a dancer; Gita, a singer.

III.
1. ram singh the captain of the team is from makhan majra
2. he passed the ba exam last year
3. balinder came first he was therefore given a prize
4. bill clinton the president of the usa was a very active politician
5. the ramayana is a sacred book of the hindus
6. Harpreet is a student of khalsa college amritsar
7. she is a phd student
8. do as I tell you said the magician
9. gitanjali was composed by tagore
10. the teacher said students don’t make a noise
11. I like the poems of Amrita pritam
12. he lost money reputation and friends
Answer:
1. Ram Singh, the captain of the team, is from Makhan Majra.
2. He passed the B.A. exam last year.
3. Balinder came first. He was, therefore, given a prize.
4. Bill Clinton, the-President of the U.S.A., was a very active politician.
5. The Ramayana is a sacred book of the Hindus.
6. Harpreet is a student of Khalsa College, Amritsar.
7. She is a Ph.D. student.
8. “Do as I tell you,” said the magician.
9. ‘Gitanjalf was composed by Tagore.
10. The teacher said, “Students, don’t make a noise.”
11. I like the poems of Amrita Pritam.
12. He money, reputation and friends.

IV.
1. portia is the heroine of Shakespeare’s merchant of Venice
2. I would rather die she said than beg
3. the brave and the coward the intelligent and the dull the weak and the strong came to ashok for guidance
4. his story was in several ways improbable
5. mahatma gandhi was killed on 30th january 1948 and was cremated at raj ghat delhi
6. example as the proverb says is the best precept
7. friends romans countrymen lend me your ears
8. we want help not sympathy
9. being dissatisfied he resigned his post
10. john smith lived soberly honestly and prudently
Answer:
1. Portia is the heroine of Shakespeare’s ‘Merchant of Venice’.
2. “I would I rather die,” she said, “than beg.”
3. The brave and the coward, the intelligent I and the dull, the weak and the strong, came to Ashok for guidance.
4. His story was in several ways improbable.
5. Mahatma Gandhi was killed on 30th January, 1948, and was cremated at Raj Ghat, Delhi.
6. Example, as the ! proverb says, is the best precept.
7. “Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears.”
8. We want help, not sympathy.
9. Being dissatisfied, he resigned I his post.
10. John Smith lived soberly, honestly and prudently.

V.
1. i have opted for punjabi, english, economics and philosophy
2. some men are born great some achieve greatness and some have greatness thrust upon them
3. william the conqueror is remembered for his courage and fortitude
4. anand and not you is to blame
5. have you read shakespeares as you like it
6. long live the president
7. the headmaster said to the student yes come in
8. Ashoka the great declared buddhism as the state religion
9. the examination being over we decided to have a holiday
10. the room was spacious but dark and suffocating
Answer:
1 have opted for Punjabi, English, Economics and Philosophy.
2. Some men are born great; some achieve greatness; some have greatness thrust upon them.
3. William, the conqueror, is remembered for his courage and fortitude.
4. Anand and not you is to blame.
5. Have you read Shakespeare’s ‘As You Like It’
6. Long live the President!
7. The Headmaster said to the student,”Yes. come in.”
8. Ashoka, the great, declared Buddhism as the State Religion.
9. The examination being over, we decided to have a holiday.
10. The room was spacious; but. dark and suffocating.

VI
1. if you go to agra do visit the taj mahal
2. welcome he said have a seat what can i do for you
3. on tuesday the prime minister of afghanistan reaches india
4. sir said the lamb you surely see that the water flows from you to me how can i then make the water muddy
5. he said asha looks terrible is she ill
6. reading makethat  full man speaking a ready man writing an exact man
7. men may come and men may go but I go oh for ever
8. i tell you sir i have read king lear
9. my uncle DRC i sharma lives in shimla
10. how stupid I have been said vandana
Answer:
1. If you go to Agra, do visit the Taj Mahal.
2. “Welcome,” he said. “Have a seat. What can I do for you ?”
3. On Tuesday, the Prime Minister of Afghanistan I reaches India.
4. “Sir !’’ said the lamb. “You surely see that the water flows ! from you to me.
How can I then make the water muddy ?”
5. He said, “Asha ! looks terrible. Is she ill ?”
6. Reading maketh a full man; speaking a ready man; writing an exact man.
7. Men may come and men may go; but I go on for ever.
8. I tell you, sir. I have read ‘King Lear’.
9. My uncle, Dr. C.L. Sharma, lives in Shimla.
10. “How stupid I have been !” said Vandana.

VII.
1. i now fully understand who he was why he came to kolkata and where he went away

2. once during a break in the rains there was a cool soft breeze blowing a bird was singing a sweet song among the green trees

3. he studies in hindu college

4. O death where is thy sting

5. i left this place on Sunday the 9th of October and returned on Thursday the 15th of November

6. your son is certainly a boy of ability said the headmaster but all depends upon you whether he is to do well at school what an extraordinary statement said the father how can his progress possibly depend upon me you can see replied the headmaster that he does his homework carefully oh yes said the father i can do at least that much

7. one day walking together up a hill i said to Hemant do you not wish yourself in your own country again yes he said what would you do there said i would you turn wild and eat mens flesh again he looked full of concern and shaking his head said no no

8. a gentleman thinking he was charged too much by a porter for the delivery of a parcel asked him what his name was my name replied the man is the same as my fathers

9. no smoking in this compartment said the ticket inspector to the traveller i am not smoking was the travellers reply but you have got your pipe in your mouth answered the inspector yes was the sharp reply i have got my feet in my boots but i am not walking

10. you coward he said gently as if to himself then with neither hurry nor any particular violence he struck the man in the mouth the man sprang to his feet and cried a blow I would not take a blow from god almighty.

11. a blind man carrying a lantern in his hand and a pitcher on; his shoulder was walking along one night alone when he met a thoughtless young fellow who asked him to explain the use of a lantern to a blind man

12. I wish i had lots of money said the wife if one could get what one wished for i think i should wish for common sense not for money said the husband naturally everybody wishes for what he has not got said the wife

13. who is the man you speak of asked rama leaving his seat buttoning up his coat and moving towards the door

14. the hare said to the tortoise you bulky fellow how slowly you crawl i could run a mile while you ran a dozen yards the tortoise replied o boaster do you really think so let us have a race and we shall see who is faster

15. a few years ago a man named smith was tried on a charge of entering a house and committing theft there he had made an opening into which he had thrust the upper part of his body and he had removed the articles he could lay his hands on his pleader said my lord my client did not enter the house only his upper half went in
Answer:
1. I now fully understand who he was. why he came to Kolkata, and where he went away.

2. Once, during a break in the rains, there was a cool, soft breeze blowing. A bird was singing a sweet song among the green trees.

3. He studies in Hindu College.

4. O. Death ! Where is thy sting?

5. I left this place on Sunday, the 9th of October, and returned on Thursday, the 15th of November.

6. “Your son is certainly a boy of ability,” said the Headmaster, “but all depends! upon you whether he is to do well at school.”
“What an extraordinary statement!” said the father, “how can his progress possibly depend upon me ?”
“You can see,” replied the Headmaster, “that he does his homework
“Oh, yes,” said the father, “I can do at least that much.”

7. One day, walking together up a hill, I said to Hemant. “Do you not wish yourself in your own country again ?”
“Yes,” he said.
“What would you do there ?” said I. “Would you turn wild and eat men’s flesh again ?”
He looked full of concern and, shaking his. head, said, “No, no !”

8. A gentleman, thinking he was charged too much by a porter for the delivery of a parcel, asked him what his name was. “My name,” replied the man, “is the same as my father’s.”

9. “No smoking in this compartment!” said the ticket inspector to the traveller. “I am not smoking,” was the traveller’s reply. “But you have got your pipe in your mouth,” answered the inspector. ‘Yes,” was the sharp reply. “I have got my feet in my boots but I am not walking!”

10. ‘You coward !” he said gently, as if to himself. Then with neither hurry nor any particular violence, he struck the man in the mouth. The man sprang to his feet and cried. “A blow ! I would not take a blow from God Almighty.”

11. A blind man, carrying a lantern in his hand and a pitcher on his shoulder, was walking along one night alone when he met a thoughtless young fellow who asked him to explain the use of a lantern to a blind man.

12. “I wish I had lots of money,” said the wife. “If one could get what one wished for, I think I should wish for common sense, not for money,” said the husband. “Naturally, everybody wishes for what he has not got,” said the wife.

13. “Who is the man you speak of ?” asked Rama, leaving his seat, buttoning up his coat, and moving towards the door.

14. The hare said to the tortoise, ‘You bulky fellow ! How slowly you crawl ! I could run a mile while you ran a dozen yards.” The tortoise replied, “O boaster ! Do you really think so ? Let us have a race and we shall see who is faster.”

15. A few years ago, a man named Smith was tried on a charge of entering a house and committing theft there. He had made an opening into which he had thrust the upper part of his body and he had removed the articles he could lay his hands on. His pleader said, “My lord, my client did not end the house; only his upper half went in.”

(2015) – Sets – A, B & C

(A) Do as directed :
(i) Fill in the blanks with suitable determiners :
Chandigarh is …………. capital of Punjab. It is …………. favourite city.

(ii) Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions :
(a) He took pity …………. the poor man.
(b) He jumped …………. the wall.

(iii) Fill in the blanks with suitable modals :
(a) She worked hard so that she …………. pass………….. (may, might)
(b) You…………. clean your teeth every morning. (could, should)

(iv) Combine the sentences with the given conjunction :
He is very weak. He cannot stand. (So-that)

(v) Identify the Subordinate Clause and name it :
Look before you leap.

(vi) Fill in the blank with the correct form of the non-finite verb given in the bracket :
He is used to ………… (go) to cinema too often.

(vii) Change the voice :
(a) He will do his duty.
(b) What was Sohan doing ?

(viii) Change the narration :
(a) Sita said, “Goodbye, my friend.”
(b) I said to my brother, “Let me study more.”

(ix) Change into Past Indefinite Tense :
He rides a bicycle.

(x) Punctuate the following sentence :
i tell you sir i have read king lear
Answer:
(i) the, my
(ii)
(a) on
(b) over
(iii)
(a) might
(b) should
(iv) He is so weak that he cannot stand.
(v) before you leap – Adverb clause
(vi) going
(vii)
(a) His duty will be done.
(b) What was being done by Soban ?
(viii)
(a) Sita bade her friend goodbye.
(b) I asked my brother to let me study more.
(ix) He rode a bicycle.
(x) I tell you, sir, I have read King Lear.

(B) Do as directed :

(i) Fill in the blanks with suitable determiners :
…………… poor peasant went off early in ………….. morning to plough.

(ii) Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions :
Translation is an art. Good Translation is the result ………….. practice and patience. It requires skill to translate words and ideas …….. a language.

(iii) Fill in the blanks with suitable modals :
(a) Walk fast lest you ………….. miss the train. (should, would)
(b) You ………….. pay your debts. (must, should, can)

(iv) Combine the sentences with the given conjunction :
I cannot stand. I cannot sit. (neither, nor)

(v) Identify the Subordinate Clause and name it :
He is the man who displayed those magic tricks

(vi) Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the non-finite verb given in the bracket :
The children seemed ………. on seeing the giant. (frighten)

(vii) Change the voice :
(a) The peon was ringing the bell.
(b) I know this man.

(viii) Change the narration :
(a) He said, “0, for a glass of water”
(b) I say, “He is an honest man.”

(ix) Change into Past Indefinite Tense :
Mohan helps his father.

(x) Punctuate the following sentence :
harpreet is a student of khalsa college amritsar.
Answer:
(i) The, the
(ii) of, of
(iii)
(a) should
(b) must
(iv) I can neither stand nor sit.
(v) who displayed those magic tricks Adjective clause
(vi) frightened
(vii)
(a) The bell was being rung by the peon.
(b) This man is known to me.
(viii)
(a) he cried for a glass of water.
(b) I say that he is an honest man.
(ix) Mohan helped his father.
(x) Harpreet is la student of Khalsa College, Amritsar.

(C) Do as directed :

(i) Fill in the. blanks with suitable determiners :
In my last summer vacation, I went to ………….. historical place. It was very beautiful place.

(ii) Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions :
Once there lived a hermit ……….. a forest. He was very kind ……….. others.

(iii) Fill in the blanks with suitable modals :
(a) Candidates ……….. answer all questions. (should, must)
(b) ……….. borrow your pen, Sir ? (may, could, shall)

(iv) Combine the sentences with the given conjunction :
Rajan is kind. He is honest. (both-and)

(v) Identify the Subordinate Clause and name it :
Such students as work hard are liked by all.

(vi) Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the non-finite verb given in the bracket :
It is no use ……… over spilt milk. (cry)

(vii) Change the voice :
(a) They were not selling their books.
(b) Do not make a noise.

(viii) Change the narration :
(a) He said, “What a great misery !”
(b) Sunita says, “ I am doing my homework.”

(ix) Change into Past Indefinite Tense :
We shall help you with money

(x) Punctuate the following sentence :
i tell you sir i have read king lear
Answer:
(i) a, a
(ii) in, to
(iii)
(a) must
(b) could
(iv) Rajan is both kind and honest.
(v) as work hard – Adjective clause
(vi) crying
(vii)
(a) Their books were not being sold by them.
(b) Let a noise not be made,
(viii)
(a) He exclaimed with sorrow that if was a great misery
(b) Sunita I says that she is doing her homework.
(ix) We would help you with money.
(x) I tell you sir, I have to read ‘King Lear’

(2016) – Sets — A, B & C

(A) Do as directed :

(i) Fill in the blanks with suitable determiners,:
She does not want ……….. interference in ……….. lifestyle.

(ii) Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions :
We belong ……….. a country which is known ……….. its traditions and cultures.

(iii) Fill in the blanks with suitable modals :
(a) A rich man ……….. buy anything he likes. (must, can)
(b) You ……….. do as you are told. (must, should)

(iv) Combine the sentences with the given conjunction :
He worked hard. He fell ill. (so-that)

(v) Identify the Subordinate Clause arid name it :
My fear was that Mohit would reach late.

(vi) Pill in the blank with the correct form of the non-finite verb given in the bracket:
It is no use ……….. over spilt milk. (cry)

(vii) Change the voice :
(a) The teacher will punish the naughty boys.
(b) Help everybody.

(viii) Change the narration :
(a) He said to his friends, “Please let me study.”
(b) Seema said to me, “My husband does not like me.”

(ix) I am going home. (Change into Future Indefinite Tense)

(x) Punctuate the following sentence :
there are five beds in our school
Answer:
(i) any, her
(ii) to, for
(iii)
(a) can
(b) should
(iv) He worked so hard that he fell in.
(v) that Mohit would reach late – Noun clause
(vi) crying
(vii)
(a) The naughty boys will be punished by the teacher.
(b) Everybody should be helped.
(viii)
(a) He requested his friends to let him study.
(b) Seema told me that her husband did not like her.
(ix) I will go home. til
(x) There are five M.A., B.Eds. in our school.

(B) Do as directed :

(i) Fill in the blanks with suitable determiners :
Mr Gupta went to bazaar and bought ……… honey from ……… shop.

(ii) Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions :
Now women are conscious ……… their position ……… society.

(iii) Fill in the blanks with suitable modals :
(a) ……… I smoke here ? (may, might)
(b) You ……… be home by 11 o’clock”. (should, must)

(iv) Combine the sentences with the given conjunction :
I was late for school. I missed the first bus. (because)

(v) Identify the Subordinate Clause and name it:
I am glad that you have acted honestly.

(vi) Fill in the blank with the correct form of the non-finite verb given in the bracket:
He dislikes ……….. in the village. (live)

(vii) Change the voice :
(a) She will water the plants.
(b) Learn it by heart.

(viii) Change the narration :
(a) The teacher said to the boy, “Shut the door.”
(b) He said to you, “I have passed the test today.”

(ix) We are locking the door.
(Change into Future Indefinite Tense)

(x) Punctuate the following sentence :
he asked me why i was crying
Answer:
(i) some, a
(ii) of, in
(iii)
(a) May
(b) must
(iv) I was late for school because I missed the first bus.
(v) that you have acted honestly — Adverb clause
(vi) living
(vii)
(a) The plants will be watered by her.
(b) It should be learnt by heart
(viii)
(a) The teacher ordered the boy to shut the door
(b) He told you that he had passed the test that day.
(ix) We shall lock the door
(x) He asked me why I was crying.

(C) Do as directed :
(1) Fill in the blanks with suitable determiners :
He earned …………. money from …………. profession.

(ii) Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions :
Once there lived a hermit …………. a forest. He was very kind ……….. others.

(iii) Fill in the blanks with suitable modals :
(a) She worked hard so that she ………. pass. (may, might)
(b) You ………….. clean your teeth every morning. (should, could)

(iv) Combine the sentences with the given conjunction :
He was tired. He could hardly stand. (so-that)

(v) Identify the Subordinate Clause and name it :
This is the school that the President visited.

(vi) Fill in the blank with the correct form of the non-finite verb given in the bracket :

She objected to …………. her bicycle. (take)
(vii) Change the Voice :
(a) Nikhil will buy a new house.
(b) Do not make a noise.

(viii) Change the Narration :
(a) Neetu said to Mr Sanjeev, “Please go to the station with him.”
(b) Dinesh said to Simran, “You cannot save me now.”

(ix) I had written a letter. ” (Change into Future Indefinite Tense)
(x) Punctuate the following sentence :
friends romans countrymen lend me your ears
Answer:
(i) much, his
(ii) in, to
(iii)
(a) might
(b) should
(iv) He was so tired that he could hardly stand
(v) that the President visited — Adjective clause
(vi) taking
(vii)
(a) A new, house will be bought by Nikhil.
(b) Let a noise not be made
(viii)
(a) Neetu requested Mr Sanjeev to go to the station with him.
(b) Dinesh told Simran that she could not save him then
(ix) I will write a letter
(x) Friends, Romans, Countrymen, lend me your ears.

(2017) Sets -A, B & C

(A) Do as directed:

(i) Fill in the blanks with suitable determiners :
He opened ………….. bag and spread out …………….. articles.

(ii) Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions :
Trust ….. God and have faith ………. Him.

(iii) Fill in the blanks with suitable modals :
(a) …………………. that I were a minister! (Would/Will)
(b) …………….. you climb up this tree ? (Can/Should)

(iv) Combine the sentences with a suitable conjunction :
(a) The patient had died.
(b) The doctor came afterwards.

(v) Identify the Subordinate Clause and name it :
It know that he is wrong.

(vi) Fill in the blank with the correct form of the non-finite verb given in the bracket :
This pen is not worth ……….. (buy)

(vii) Change the voice :
(a) I play cricket every day.
(b) Who does not want liberty ?

(viii) Change the narration :
(a) He said, “I shall be coming tomorrow.”
(b) Ram said to Sham, “Is the earth round ?

(ix) Change into the Past Indefinite Tense :
She speaks the truth.

(x) Punctuate the following sentence :
he is an ma in english
Answer:
(i) his, the.
(ii) in, in
(iii)
(a) Would
(b) Can
(iv) The patient had died before the doctor came
(v) that he is wrong – Noun clause
(vi) buying,
(vii)
(a) Cricket is played everyday by me.
(b) By whom is liberty not wanted ?
(viii)
(a) He said that ho would be coming the next day.
(b) Ram asked Sham if the earth was round
(ix) She spoke the truth.
(x) He is an M.A. in English.

(B) Do as directed :

(i) Fill in the blank with a suitable determiner :
He looks as stupid as ………………. owl.

(ii) Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition :
He was accused …………… theft.

(iii) Fill in the blanks with suitable modals :
(a) It ………………… rain today. (may/must)
(b) You ……………. follow the traffic rules. (must/can)

(iv) Combine the sentences with a suitable conjunction
(a) The sum is difficult.
(b) We cannot solve it.

(v) Identify the Subordinate Clause and name it :
Life is what you make it.

(vi) Fill in the blank with the correct form of the non-finite verb given in the bracket :
Do you want …………. my address. (know)

(vii) Change the voice :
(a) I know his ways.
(b) He has been punished.

(viii) Change the narration : the narration :
(a) My mother said to me, “Did you break the cup ?
(b) “Why are you sad ?” she said to Naini.

(ix) Change into the Past Idefinite Tense :
She is going to Shimla with me.

(x) Punctuate the following sentence :
harpreet is a student of khalsa college amritsar
Answer:
(i) an
(ii) of
(iii)
(a) may
(b) must
(iv) I he sum is so difficult that we I cannot solve it.
(v) What you make it – Noun Clause
(vi) to know
(vii)
(a) His ways are known to me.
(b) The teacher has punished him.
(viii)
(a) My mother asked me if I had broken the cup.
(b) She asked Naini why she was sad.
(ix) She went to Shimla with me.
(x) Harpreet is a student of Khalsa College, Amritsar.

(C) Do as directed :

(i) Fill in the blanks with a suitable determiner :
Would you like ……………….. coffee ?

(ii) Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions :
Cholera has broken ………………… ; beware ……………. it.

(iii) Fill in the blanks with suitable modals :
(a) You ……………… Avoid him. He is a liar. (insistence)
(b) It ……………….. rain; it is cloudy. (may/should)

(iv) Combine the sentences with a suitable conjunction :
(a) He is working hard.
(b) He wants to get a scholarship.

(v) Identify the Subordinate Clause and name it :
Go where you came from.

(vi) Fill in the blank with the correct form of the non-finite verb given in the bracket :
He wants …………. (sleep)

(vii) Change the voice :
(a) How do you know him ?
(b) I have finished my work.

(viii) Change the narration :
(a) Rama said, “India won freedom in 1947.”
(b) The doctor said to me, “What can I do for you ?”

(ix) Change into the Past Continuous Tense :
They are taking food.

(x) Punctuate the following sentence :
sita bought pens books pencils and notebooks
Answer:
(i) some
(ii) out: of
(iii)
(a) must
(b) may
(iv) He is working hard because he wants to get a scholarship
(v) Where you came from-Adverb clause
(vi) to sleep
(vii)
(a) How is he known to you ?
(b) My work has been finished by me.
(viii)
(a) Rama said that India won freedom in 1947.
(b) The doctor asked me what he could do for me.
(ix) They were taking food
(x) Sita bought pens, books, pencils and notebooks.

(2018) — All Sets

Note : All the questions in all sets are the same.

1. Do as directed :

(i) Fill in the blanks with suitable determiners :
My grandmother was ………. old lady ………… parents left me with her.

(ii) Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions :
Dreams have been the topic …………. discussion with men …………. centuries.

(iii) Fill in the blanks with suitable modals :
(a) If I were the Prime Minister, I ………… fight corruption. (will, would)
(b) How …………. you abuse your elder brother ? (could, should)

(iv) Combine the sentences with, suitable conjunctions :
Mohan is honest. He is sincere. (both-and)

(v) Identify the Subordinate Clause and name it :
This is the doctor who treated me.

(vi) Fill in he blank with the correct form of the non-finite verb given in the bracket
Every miser hates …………. money………… (spend)

(vii) Change the voice :
(a) Who had been fined ?
(b) Sit down, please.

(viii) Change the narration :
(a) “Stand up on the benches”, I said to the children.
(b) My mother said to me, “Did you break the slate ?

(ix) Change into the Past Indefinite Tense :
I shall go to Delhi.

(x) Punctuate the following sentence :
i like the poems of amrita Pritam

2. Answer the following objective type questions :

(i) Walk slowly lest you …………….. fall.
(Fill in the blank with a suitable modal from the options given below.)
(a) might
(b) should
(c) might
(d) would.

(ii) Fill in the blank with the Future Continuous form of the verb given in the brackets.
He …………… not ……………….. his friends. (cheat)
Answer:
1. (i) an, my
(ii) of, for
(iii)
(a) would
(b) could
(iv) Mohan is both honest and sincere
(v) who treated me – Adjective clause
(vi) spending
(vii)
(a) Whom had the teacher fined ?
(b) You are requested to sit down
(viii)
(a) I ordered the children to stand up on the benches
(b) My mother asked me whether I had broken the slate
(ix) I went to Delhi
(x) I like the poems of Amrita Pritam.

2. (i) (b)
(ii) will (not) be cheating.

(2019 – All Sets)

1. Do as directed :

(i) Fill in the blanks with suitable determiners :
……………. Ganga is ………….. sacred river.

(ii) Mr. Smith is known ……….. me.
He is a man ……….. letters. (Use Prepositions)

(iii) Fill in the blanks with suitable modals ?
(a) Duty …………. be done. (must, should)
(b) Rita …………… speak English fluently. (can, need)

(iv) Combine the following sentences :
I cannot stand. I cannot sit. (Use neither … nor)

(v) I know that she loves music. (Identify the Subordinate Clause and name it)

(vi) Use the correct form of the non-finite verb to fill in the blank:
She bade us ……….. away. (go)

(vii) Change the voice :
(a) Quinine tastes bitter.
(b) I like music.

(viii) Change the narration :
(a) Rashmi says, “I am doing my homework.”
(b) The teacher said to the boy, “Honesty is the best policy.”

(ix) Change into Future Indefinite Tense :
He helps his father.

(x) Punctuate the following sentence :
we bought apples oranges peaches and bananas
Answer:
(i) The, a
(ii) to, of
(iii)
(a) must
(b) can
(iv) I can neither stand nor sit.
(v) that she loves music—Noun Clause
(vi) go
(vii)
(a) Quinine is bitter when tasted
(b) Music is liked by me.
(viii)
(a) Rashmi says that she is doing her homework
(b) The teacher told the boy that honesty is the best policy
(ix) He will help his father
(x) We bought apples, oranges, peaches, and bananas.