Class 10 – Page 42 – PSEB Solutions

PSEB 10th Class SST Solutions Geography Source Based Questions and Answers

November 2, 2021October 31, 2021 by sachin

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Social Science Book Solutions Geography Source Based Questions and Answers.

PSEB 10th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Source Based Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Read the below questions carefully and answer the given questions.
Due to this vastness, India is called an Indian sub-continent. The sub-continent is a large and independent region. The boundaries of whose terrain are drawn by various natural features which distinguish it from the surrounding areas. India also crosses the Agil, Muzigh, Kunlun, and Karakoram, Hindukush and Jaskar mountain range from Tibet across the Himalayas in the north, from Pak, Jal Damru in the south and Gulf of Mannar from Sri Lanka, east. In the direction, Arakan separates Yoma from Myanmar (Burma) and in the western direction from the vast Dhar desert, Pakistan. Due to such a vast area of India many cultural, economic, and social variations are found. But despite this unity is found in climate, culture, etc. in the country.
(a) Why is India called the sub-continent?
Answer:
India is given the status of sub-continent due to its expansion and position. The sub-continent is a vast and independent landmass whose boundaries are formed by different topography. These topographies separate it from its surrounding areas. Agile across the Himalayas in the north of India. The mountain ranges of Mugtgh, Kunlun, Karakoram, Hindukush, etc. distinguish it from the north-western parts of Asia. In the South, the Pak strait of central and the gulf of Mannar separate it from Sri Lanka. Formerly Arakan Yoma separates it form Myanmar. The Thar Desert separates it from a very large part of Pakistan. Despite this, we cannot call present day India a sub¬continent. The Indian sub-continent is formed by the combination of undivided India, Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh.

(b) Which elements contribute to maintaining unity in the diversity of the country?
Answer:
India is a country of diversity. Yet a distinct unity appears in our society. The main elements that provide unity to Indian society are the following:
1. Monsoon Season. The monsoon winds make most of the rainfall in summer. This affects the agriculture of the country as well as other business. Monsoon winds make the power supply reliable by raining the mountainous regions. Infact, monsoon rainfall is the basis of the entire country’s economy.

2. Religious Culture. There are two things in favor of religious culture. One is that religious places have united the people of the country in one sutra. Secondly, religious saints have instilled a sense of brotherhood through their teachings. People from all parts of the country come and worship at Tirupati, Jagannathpuri, Amamath, Ajmer, Harimandir Sahib, Patna, Hemkunt Sahib and other pilgrimage places. The saints have also tried to create religious harmony.

3. Language and Art. Almost all the northern India. Vedas were propogated in Sanskrit language. Urdu was born in the middle age of this language. English is the contact language and Hindi is the national language. Together, these have provided an opportunity to understand each other closely. Siinlarly, folk songs and folk arts have also created an opportunity for people to express similar feelings.

4. Traffic and means of communication. Railways and roads have played an important role in bringing people of different areas closer. The means of communication like Doordarshan and newspapers have also connected the national stream by giving the national thinking of the people.

5. Migration. Many people from villages have started coming to the cities. Despite their racial differences, they have come to understand each other and thus they have come closer to each other. The truth is that many natural and cultural elements have given unity to our country.

Question 2.
The vast northern plains along the Himalayas provide habitat and livelihood to 40% of the country’s population. Their fortile soil, suitable climate, flat surface have contributed significantly in the spread and development of rivers, canals, roads, railways and cities and in the development of agriculture. Therefore, this plain region has the distinction of being the granary of the country. These plains have built a special kind of civilization and society since the Aryans. People from all over the country consider Ganga to be a holy river and the Rishikesh, Haridwar, Mathura, Prayag, Ayodhya, Kanshi etc. places in its valley have been the center of attraction for sufi saints and religious people living in different parts of the country. Later in these plains, great men like Sikh Guru, Mahatma Buddha, Mahavir Jain were born and different religious were established. Its deep impact can be seen in the Himalayan mountains and also in South India.
(a) Name the major landforms created by the rivers in the vast plains of the north.
Answer:
The landforms formed by the rivers in the northern plains are alluvial fins, alluvial cones, sepentine turns, hilly staircases, natural dams and floodplains.

(b) Describe the huge northern plains contribute to the development of the country.
Answer:
The Himalayan regions have the following contribution to the development of the country.

Rain. The monsoon winds from the Indian Ocean hit the Himalayan mountains and rain heavily. Thus, it donates rain to the northern plain. There is enough rainfall in this ground.
Useful Rivers. All the major rivers flowing in northern India originate from the Himalayan mountains like Ganga, Yamuna, Sutlej, Brahmaputra, etc. These rivers flow throughout the year. In the dry season, Himalayan ice burns these rivers.
Fruit and Tea. The slopes of the Himalayas are very useful for tea cultivation. Apart from these, fruits are also grown on the mountain slopes.
Useful Wood. Dense forests are found on the Himalayan Mountains. These forests are our wealth. Many industries in India depend on the wood derived from them. This wood is also used in building works.
Good Pastures. Beautiful and green pastures are found on the Himalayas. Animals are fed in them.
Mineral Substances. Many types of mineral substances are found in these mountains.

Question 3.
The word ‘climate’ or ‘wind water’ refers to the long-term seasonal conditions in a place, in which the temperature of that place is the amount of water in the air flowing from there. These conditions are mainly determined by important elements such as surface variation of the place, distance from the coastline and distance from the equator. It has a profound effect on human and human activities. India is a vast country. Its vast sin-face units, the peninsular position and the tropic of cancer passing through it have a profound effect on its climate. Due to the largest surface variations of temperature, rainfall, winds and clouds etc.
(a) Describe the (two) elements affecting the climate of India.
Answer:
The main elements influencing the climate of India are :

Distance from the equator.
Surface Pattern.
Air pressure system
Seasonal winds and
Proximity to Indian Ocean.

(b) What are the regional variations of Indian climate?
Answer:
The regional variations of Indian climate are as follows:
1. In winter the temperature reaches – 45°C in the Kargil regions of the Himalayan mountain but at the same time it is more than 20°C in Chennai (Madras) metropolis in Tamil Nadu. Similarly in summer the western direction of the Aravali mountains is crossed 50° centigrade, while the Srinagar is less than 20° centigrade. There is a temperature of 204 centimeters in Srinagar.

2. The annual rainfall is located in the mountain range of Mawsymaram, 1141 cm. Annual rainfall in Jaisalmer is less than 10 cm. in the year.

3. In Barner and Jaisalmer are carved clouds, but the whole year is the same as the same year throughout the year.

4. Due to the effect of the sea in Mumbai and other coastal cities, the temperature ramains almost same of the year. In contrast, the National area is found to be huge difference in the cold and hot temperature in the area and surrounding areas.

Question 4.
The economy, the relief and social development is deeply influenced the economic progress. In the social development, the area can be applied to the development of economic progress there. Indian agriculture, almost completely dependent on. agriculture (aggregated). In which development of the monsoon has given significant contributions to providing a major and strong basis. Monsoon is called a pivotal point of the country. Apart from agriculture, the entire production is dependent oh agricultural production, If monsoon rainfall is in appropirate amount, the agricultural production increases. But because of the failure of monsoon, the crops dried. The country goes dry and the grains are reduced in the stores.
(a) Discuss the important features of the monsoon.
Answer:
In India rainfall is mainly in July to September. This is the period of southwest monsoons blowing from sea to land. There are three important features of the monsoon rainfall.

Erratic. Rainfall is not reliable in India. It is not necessary that rain continues to be same. Due to this erratic situation of rain, the situation of starvation and famine is arranged. This erratic situation of rainfall is more in the inner parts of the country and in Rajasthan.
Uneven Distribution. There is uneven distribution of rainfall in India. Western slopes of western ghats and Meghalaya or in the hills of Assam. There is more than 250 cm. rainfall. In contrast Rajasthan, West Gujarat, North Kashmir etc., the rainfall is less than 25 cm.
Uncertainty. The amount of rainfall in India is not certain. Sometimes monsoon winds reached before time, It rains a lot. But sometimes the rainfall is low or sometimes ends up before a time. As a result the situation of drying is generated in the country.

(b) Why the Indian Economy (budget) is called gambling of monsoon winds?
Answer:
Indian monsoon is a gambling of monsoon winds. This sentence reveals that the advancement of India’s economy depends on that how much appropriate time of any year, distribution and quantity.
If the rain comes on time and its quantity is also suitable, a good crop of agriculture can be expected.

For example-crops are good due to good monsoon, so three things happen.

Fair raw materials available for factories. The industry-related factors of cotton, jute, oil seeds etc. are flourishing.
When the agriculture and industires are strengthened from good monsoon, the
productivity increases. On one hand, the export is promoted. On the other hand international trade is flourishing. Wealth grows in the country and people’s standard of living improves.
Due to good monsoon, there is an increase in water in the rivers, the water level of the dams rises high. Where this water helps in the production of hydropower, the irrigation system improves. This creates a stir in economic activities in the country. There is no doubt that today due to the advancement of science, we can grow a good crop even in the absence of monsoon, but we have to think about whether all farmers can benefit from lack of rainfall or unequal distribution of rainfall. A good monsoon affects every section and every region of the country. If the monsoon is suitable, the country’s economic development is assured. Therefore, it is fair to call the Indian economy a gamble of monsoon winds.

Question 5.
Agriculture has an important role in the Indian economy. The agricultural sector employs about two-thirds of the country’s workforce. The region derives 29.0 percent of the total national income and agricultural products a1 so have an important place in foreign exports. Many products of agriculture are used as raw materials in our factories. Due to the progress in the field of agriculture, the achievement of food grains per person, which was 395 grams in the 1950’s has increased to 510 grams per person per day in 1991.
India also ranks fourth in the world in the use of chemical fertilizers. The area under pulses in our country is the highest in the world. In the field of cotton products, India is the first country in the world, where the first efforts were made to produce improved varieties of cotton. The country has made significant achievements in the preparation of prawn fish and pest culture technological development.
(a) What percentage of land is cultivable in India?
Answer:
51% of the land in India is cultivable.

(b) Why is agriculture called the mainstay of the Indian economy?
Answer:
Agriculture is the mainstay of the Indian economy. Even though agriculture now contributes only 33.7% of the total national production, its importance is no less.

Agriculture sustains 2/3 of our population.
The agriculture sector provides employment to about two-thirds of the country’s workers.
Most of the industries get raw materials from agriculture. The truth is that the place of industries is being built on the foundation of agriculture.

Question 6.
A decline in per capita achievement of pulses in Punjab and other parts of the country is a matter of concern. It seems that the wave of ‘Green Revolution’, which has revolutionized the production of wheat and rice in the country has not made any special contribution in increasing the production of pulses. Actually, if it is said that there is harm then there will be no wrong. Because in the years following the Green Revolution, the area of pulses has been diverted to a large number of high yielding crops like wheat and rice. This has happened especially on a large scale in commercially agricultural states like Punjab.
(a) In Punjab, what kind of changes has occurred in the pulses production area after Green revolution.
Answer:
After the green revolution, the area of pulses production decreased from 9.3 lakh hectares to 9.5 thousand hectare.

(b) What are the main reasons for the decline in the production of pulses?
Answer:
The production of pulses has decreased in the last decades. The main reasons for this are as follows :

The area with pulses has been subjected to crops like wheat and rice, which produce more after the Green Revolution.
Some areas have been subjected to canals, roads, and other development projects due to development work.
The growing area of pulses has also declined due to increasing land demand for
housing of the growing population.

Question 7.
Our country is also considered very rich in terms of mineral wealth. It is estimated that the country accounts for one fourth of the total iron ore reserves in the world. There are also huge deposits of manganese, a major mineral used in the iron and steel industry. There are also abundant reserves of coal, limestone, bauxite and mica in the country. But non-ferrous minerals such as zinc, lead, copper and gold are in very limited quantities. The sulfur reserves in the country are almost nil, while sulfur is the mainstay of modern chemical industry. We also have plenty of water power resources and nuclear minerals. Their use as a power tool is increasing rapidly due to their power efficiency and very little tampering with the environment. For this reason, solar energy is also being used as a power tool. Solar energy is the priceless power store of God. Its use will increase rapidly as a source of power in the future.
(a) What is the contribution of minerals to the national economy?
Answer:
Minerals have great importance in the national economy. The following facts will make it clear.

The industrial development of the country depends mainly on minerals. Iron and coal are the basis of the machine age. We have one-fourth of the world’s iron ore deposits. There are also huge reserves of coal in India.
State governments get income from mining operations and provide employment to millions of people.
Coal, petroleum, natural gas etc. are important sources of mineral energy.
Equipment made from minerals helps in the growth of agriculture.

(b) Why is solar energy called the source of future energy?
Answer:
Coal and mineral oil are exhaustive resources. There will come a day when the people of the world will not get enough energy from them. Their stores must have been exhausted. Unlike then, sun energy is a never-ending means. This gives a tremendous amount of energy. When the reserves of coal and mineral oil are exhausted, then power will be obtained and we will be able to do it easily with our domestic work and plants.

Question 8.
All the trees, thorn bushes, plants and grasses etc. are included in the natural vegetation which grow without human intervention. Before starting its study, it is necessary to know the related words like Flora, Vegetation and Forests. Different species of plants that grow in a certain time and in a certain area are included in the flora, shrubs, plants, grass etc. that grow at a place in a certain environment are called vegetation. Whereas a large area surrounded by dense and adjacent trees, plants, thorn bushes etc. is called forest. The term jungle is mostly used by environmental scientists and forest guards and geographers. Each type of developed vegetation has to go through a long life cycle by creating a delicate balance with its environment, which depends on the quality of its mutual cohesion and ability to adapt. The entire flora found in our country is not local, but 4Q% of it belongs to foreign castes which are called Boreal and Paleo-Tropical species.
(a) Name the foreign castes and quantities in the country.
Answer:

The foreign vegetation species present in the country are called as Boreal and Paleo-Tropical.
The amount of foreign vegetation in India is 40%.

(b) Write briefly on the autumn or monsoon vegetables.
Answer:
The vegetation that leaves its leaves before the start of summer to prevent further evaporation is called the autumn or monsoon vegetation. This vegetation can be divided into two sub-parts which are and wet based on rainfall.

Autumn Forest. This type of vegetation is found in four big areas, where the annual rainfall varies from 100 to 200 cm. Trees are less dense in these areas but their height reaches 30 metres. Sal, Sheesham, Teak, Chandan, Jamun, Amltas, Haldu, Ebony, Mulberry are the major trees of these forests.
Dry Deciduous Vegetation. This type of vegetation is found in areas with rainfall less than 50 to 100 cm. Its long strip starts from Punjab and extends to the adjoining areas of the southern plateau. Kelkar, Babool, Banyan, Haldu are the main trees here.

Question 9.
In our country, along with the diversity of vegetation, there is a large variety of fauna. In fact there is a deep interconnection between the two. About 76 thousand species of fauna are found in the country. 2500 species of fish are found in the fresh and salt water of the country. Similarly, there are 2000 species of birds. 400 species of snakes are found in India. Apart from this, amphibians, reptiles, mammals and small insects and worms are also found. Mammals have majestic elephants with majestic chicks. It is an organism of equatorial tropical forests. In our country, it is found in the forests of Assam, Kerala and Karnataka. It rains heavily and the forests are also very dense. In contrast camels and wild asses are found in very hot and dry deserts. Camel Thar is the common animal of the desert, while wild plants are found only in the Rann of Kuchh. They have a horned rhinoceros in the opposite direction. They live in marshy areas in northern parts of Assam and West Bengal. Among Indian animals, the Indian bison, the Indian buffalo are particularly notable.
(a) Name the animals found in the Himalayas.
Answer:
In the Himalayas, wild sheep, mountain goat, a long horned wild goat and tapir etc, are found, while pandas and Himatendua animals are found in high mountain

(b) What are the works being done to look after the animals in the country?
Answer:
Indian Wildlife Protection Act was enacted in 1972. Under this, 1,50,000 square kilometers of area (2.7% of the country and 12 percent of the total forest area) in various parts of the country were declared as national parks and wildlife sancturies.

Near Extinction Special attention has been paid to wildlife.
The work of counting animals and birds has been started at the National level. At present there are 16 tiger reserves in different parts of the country.

A special scheme for rhinoceros conservation is being carried out in Assam. The truth is that till now 18 Biosphere Reserves have been established in the country.
Under the scheme, the first life reservation area was created in Nilgiri. Protection of every animal is mandatory under this scheme. This natural heritage is for future generations.

Question 10.
A combined mixture of light, loose and unstructured rocky shreds and fine-grained bacteria found on the earth’s surface is called soil which has the power to give rise to plants. Deposition of this mixture is found in deep layers ranging from 15-30 cm to several metres. But the soil scientist is divided into three layers called A, B and C respectively, depending on the depth and quantity of soil colour, texture, size of particles etc. Due to the high quantity of humus in ‘A’ Horizon soils, they begin to turn black. But due to being situated in the zone of leaching on this layer, the minerals dissolve and go down and the colour starts to turn dark black. The colour of sub-layer with ‘B’ Horizon under this layer is brown due to the mineral matter leaking from the top layer. But the aihount of humus in it decreases. Below this layer, a layer of ‘C’ Horizon soil is found in which the substances separated from the above rocks do not have any special change and later go to the main base rock. The colour of this sub-rocky surface is grey or light brown,
(a) Describe the definition of soil.
Answer:
The combined mixture of light, loose and unstructured rock crust (shell powder) and fine granules found on the earth’s surface is called soil.

(b) What is the contribution of primary rocks in the birth of soil?
Answer:
The primary rocks in the country consist of lofty rocks of the northern plains or lava-formed rocks of the plateau. They contain various types of minerals. Therefore, they make good soil. The colour, formation, texture, etc. of the soil formed by the primary rocks depends on how long the rocks are being affected and by what kind of climate. In a state like West Bengal, the spil is highly developed due to the effects of chemical reactions in the climate and humus. But in dry area like Rajasthan, due to lack of vegetation, soil fertility decreases. Likewise, soil erosion is more in areas with high rainfall and high winds. Fertility decreases as a result.

Question 11.
In today’s knowledge and information-based world, the important contribution of human resources is being realized in national construction and development much better than before. Today all the countries of the world, especially the developing countries, are paying more attention to the development of human resources than before. Children can you think why is this ? In the countries of South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia etc., known as ‘Asian Tigers’, the rapid development of economic development is being attributed to the huge investment made in the development of human resources in the last few decades. In human resource development, not only the parameters like education, technical skills, health and nutrition but also human-ethics-ideas, civilization- culture, species and nation-pride should be included. Only then will human resource development becQme a complete ideology.
(a) What is the most valuable resource of a country?
Answer:
Intellectually and physically healthy citizens.

(b) Why is it important to study the population structure of the country?
Answer:
There are many reasons why it is necessary to know the population structure of a country.

Various characteristics of the population of any country for social and economic planning such as the age structure of the population, gender structure, business structure etc. data is required.
Different components of the population structure are closely related to the economic development of the country. While the population structure components are affected by economic development from another, they are also unable to remain untouched by the impact of progress and level of economic development. For example, if the percentage of children and old people in the age structure of a country’s population is very high, then the country will have to spend more and more financial resources on basic facilities like education and health. On the other hand, the rate of economic development of the country is accelerated due to the higher proportion of working-age groups in the age structure.

Question 12.
The study of the regional pattern of population distribution provides the basis for understanding all demographic components of the population. For this reason, it is very important to understand the regional pattern of distribution of population. Here first we must also clarify the difference between population distribution and population density. Population distribution is related to place and density is related to ratio. Population distribution implies that what is the regional pattern of population in any part of the country, that is, the population pattern is nucleated or agglomerated in one place. On the other hand in density, which is related to population size and area, attention is given to the ratio of man and area. The history of human settlements in India is very old. That is why the population resides in every part of the country which is the sum of human. habitation. Yet the distribution of population is greatly affected by the fertility* of the land. As India is an agricultural country, the pattern of population distribution depends on agricultural productivity. For this reason, in states where the productivity of agriculture is high, the concentration of population is equally high. Apart from agricultural productivity, the variation of physical factors, industrial development and cultural elements also contribute significantly in influencing the population distribution pattern of India.
(a) Name the largest and least populous states of the country.
Answer:
The most populous state in the country is Uttar Pradesh and the least state is Sikkim.

(b) Describe the format giving the salient features of the regional pattern of population distribution in the country?
Answer:
The regional pattern of population distribution in India and its important features are as follows:
1. The distribution of population in India is very uneven. Population is very dense in river valleys and seaside plains, but the population is very sparse in the mountainous desert and scarcity areas. Only 3% of the population lives on 16 percent of the country’s land in the hilly regions of the north, while 40 percent of the population lives on 18 percent of the country’s land in the northern plains. In Rajasthan, 6 percent of the population lives on only 6 percent of the country’s land.

2. Majority of the population is settled in rural areas. About 71% of the total population of the country resides in rural areas, about 29% in cities. Large cities have a large population of urban population. Two thirds of the total urban population lives in first-tier cities with population of one lakh or more.

3. The concentration of minority communities in thei country is in the most sensitive and important outer border areas. For example, the Sikhs in Punjab and the Muslims in Jammu and Kashmir are in abundance near the Indo-Pak border in north western India. Similarly there is a gathering of people of Christianity along the borders of China and Burma (Myanmar) in the northeast. Many social, economic and political difficulties arise from such distribution.

4. On the one hand, the population is dense in the coastal plains and valleys of the rivers. On the other hand, the population in the mountainous, plateau and desert parts is sparse. -This distribution resembles a demographic divide.

PSEB 10th Class SST Solutions Geography Chapter 5 Land Utilization and Agriculture

November 18, 2021October 31, 2021 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Social Science Book Solutions Geography Chapter 5 Land Utilization and Agriculture Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Land Utilization and Agriculture

SST Guide for Class 10 PSEB Land Utilization and Agriculture Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions objectively:

Question 1.
Name the crops which are sown in the Kharif season.
Answer:
The crops sown in the Kharif season are-Rice, Jowar, Bajra, Maize, Groundnut, Jute and Cotton.

Question 2.
which are the crops sown in Rabi season?
Answer:
Wheat, barley, grams, mustard and rapeseed etc, are grown in Rabi season.

Question 3.
What is difference between Green Manure and Fertilizer?
Answer:
Fertilizers and Manures. Fertilizers are chemically prepared but manures include gobar and green plants.

Question 4.
What are Milch Cattle?
Answer:
The cattle which provide milk are called Milch cattle. Cows and buffaloes are milch cattle.

Question 5.
What is Fallow Land?
Answer:
Fallow Land is a piece of land in which only one crop is grown during a period of two or three years.

Question 6.
What is the percentage area of our country under forests?
Answer:
23.3% area of country is under the forests.

Question 7.
How much area should be under the forests from the scientific point of view?
Answer:
According to scientific point of view, 33% of land of a country should be under forests.

Question 8.
How much percentage area in Punjab is under forest?
Answer:
5.7% area is under forest in Punjab.

Question 9.
How much percentage of land is under agriculture in India?
Answer:
50% of land of India is arable.

Question 10.
Whch is the largest wheat producing state of our country?
Answer:
Uttar Pradesh is the largest wheat producing state of India.

Question 11.
Which state of our country contributes largest amount of wheat to the central pool?
Answer:
Punjab has the largest contribution of wheat to the public distribution system in India.

Question 12.
What are the causes of decreasing pasture lands?
Answer:
The area under pastures is brought under cultivation to meet the needs of growing population of the country.

Question 13.
In the year 2001 how much food was available per person per year in India?
Answer:
458 grams was available per person per year in India in 2001.

Question 14.
Name the state that produces largest amount of Rice.
Answer:
West Bengal is the largest rice producing state in India.

Question 15.
What is the rank of Punjab in terms of per hectare production of wheat?
Answer:
Punjab ranks first in India as regards yield per hectare of wheat.

Question 16.
What is the rank of India in terms of producing pulses in world?
Answer:
India gets first position in the world in the production of pulses.

Question 17.
After the green revolution, what type of change occurred in production?
Answer:
Pulses were sown in 9.3 lakh hectare land in Punjab before green revolution. After green revolution this area has reduced and left 95 thousand hectares.

Question 18.
At the end of 21st century how much foodgrains would be required for the Indian population?
Answer:
40 crore tonnes of foodgrains would be required for the population of India at the end of 21st century (Almost 160 to 170 crores of population).

Question 19.
Write down any three problems of the present Indian agriculture.
Answer:

Huge pressure of population on land.
Unequal distribution of cultivated land.
Uneducated farmers.

Question 20.
What is the rank of India in the world in the production of sugarcane?
Answer:
India has the fifth position in the world in the production of sugarcane.

Question 21.
Name the crops of oil seeds.
Answer:
Oil seeds are – Groundnut, Mustard and Rape Seed,-Sunflower, Cotton seeds, Coconut etc. We get oil from these.

Question 22.
Name any two states which produce maximum amount of groundnuts.
Answer:
Gujarat and Maharashtra are two largest groundnut producing states.

Question 23.
In which decade the area under oil seeds production had increased the most?
Answer:
In the decade of 1980 to 1990, India obtained the maximum increase in the production of oil seeds.

Question 24.
Which are the main cotton producing states of our country?
Answer:
The main cotton producing states of India are:
Maharashtra, Gujarat, Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan. Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.

Question 25.
What is the per hectare production of cotton in our country?
Answer:
249 kilograms per hectare is the average yield of cotton.

Question 26.
Which are the main potato producing states of India?
Answer:
Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar and Punjab are the main potato producing states.

Question 27.
Name the main potato producing districts of Punjab.
Answer:
Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur, Patiala and Ludhiana are the main potato producing districts of Punjab.

Question 28.
What is the rank of Punjab in our country in respect of cattle wealth?
Answer:
Punjab gets 13th position in India as regards to cattle wealth.

Question 29.
Which part of the country amounts the highest cattle wealth?
Answer:
Uttar Pradesh has the largest cattle resources in India.

Question 30.
What is the rank of India in the world in respect of fruit and vegetables?
Answer:
India gets second position in world in the production of fruit and vegetables.

Question 31.
Where does India rank in the world in production of cashewnuts?
Answer:
India gets first position in the world in the production of cashewnuts.

Question 32.
Name the apple producing states.
Answer:
Jammu-Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh are the main apple producing states.

II. Answer the following Questions in short:

Question 1.
Why is the agriculture called the basic mainstay of Economic system?
Answer:
Agriculture is the basis of Indian Economy. Agriculture contributes only 33.7% of National Production, still it is important.

Two-thirds of our population gets livelihood from agriculture.
Agriculture sector provides employment to two-third labourers of the country.
Most of the industries get raw material from agriculture.
The fact is that the industrial structure has been built on the foundations of Agriculture.

Question 2.
What are the main features of Green Revolution?
Answer:
Green revolution encourages mechanised agriculture and it increases the total production. Ploughing, planting the seeds and harvesting is done by machines. Fertilizers and better seeds are used.

Question 3.
Which items are included in agriculture side?
Answer:
Agriculture includes livestock farming, fisheries, forestry, sericulture, bee hiving, poultry farming etc.

Question 4.
What is the difference between milch cattle and working load animals?
Answer:
Dairy cattle and draught cattle Cows and buffaloes are dairy cattle. These provide milk to us. Bullocks and oxen are draught cattle. These help in ploughing, sowing, harvesting and transportation of agricultural products.

Question 5.
What is the difference between current fallow land and old fallow land?
Answer:
Current Fallow Land and Old Fallow Land
Fallow lands are marginal lands which are left free for only one year. Crops are not grown. After one year, these lands are again cultivated. It is called current fallow land. The remaining fallow land is called old fallow land which is never cultivated.

Question 6.
What climatic conditions are required for the wheat cultivation?
Answer:
Wheat is an important foodgrain.
Geographical conditions. The following geographical conditions are suitable for wheat cultivation:

Wheat requires lower temperature during the growing period and high temperature at the harvesting period. At the sowing time temperature should be about 15°C to 20°C and at the time of ripening the temperature should be between 20°C and 25°C.
Wheat can be grown in areas of moderate rainfall. 50 to 75 centimeters rainfall is quite suitable for its cultivation. The rain should be well distributed
The soil should be fertile. Loamy soil is very suitable for wheat cultivation.
The land should be even for the convenience of irrigation.

Production. India occupies fourth position as a producer of wheat in the world.
Green revolution has brought many changes. In 1960-61 wheat production was 1.6 crore tonnes. In 2011-12 it increased to 8.5 crore tonnes.

Wheat Producing States. Although wheat is cultivated in almost every part of the country except the southern part of the Indian peninsula, it is essentially a crop of North India. Uttar Pradesh produces highest quantity of wheat in India. Punjab occupies the second position as a producer of wheat in India. Haryana is also an important producer of wheat.
PSEB 10th Class SST Solutions Geography Chapter 5 Land Utilization and Agriculture 2
The states of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Maharashtra also grow some wheat.

Question 7.
Name the main paddy growing areas of our country.
Answer:
The following are the main rice producing areas of India:
Areas of Heavy Rainfall: Delta regions of East and West coastal plain. The plains and lower hills of N.E. India, lower slopes of the Himalayas; West Bengal, Bihar, Eastern U.P., Chhattisgarh; Northern Andhra Pradesh. Areas of Low Rainfall: Western U.P., Haryana, Punjab, and adjoining districts of Rajasthan.

Question 8.
Discuss the required condition for the production of Sugar Cane.
Answer:
Required condition for the production of Sugar Cane:
(а) Sugarcane requires well-drained fertile soil.
(b) It also needs large amount of chemical fertilizers and organic manure.
(c) Hot and humid climate is favourable for its higher yields.
(d) It grows well in areas with about 100 cm of rainfall.

Question 9.
What are the main uses of forests?
Answer:
Forests are a valuable resource. Following are the advantages of forests:
(a) Forests are helpful in maintaining ecological balance and natural Eco-system.
(b) Forests supply timber and fuel. It is used for making furniture, packing boxes, boats etc. and is used for buildings.
(c) Soft wood is used for preparing wood-pulp which has a large demand for paper
industry.
(d) We obtain lac, cane, gum, medicinal herbs from forests.
(e) We get fodder for cattle from forests.

Question 10.
Why is Indian agriculture known as ‘Subsistence Agriculture’?
Answer:
Most of land holdings in India are of small size. Large amount of capital and labour is applied on small farms, but economic benefit is small. Small farmers have to hire agricultural implements and tubewell water for irrigation. They have to purchase costly fertilizers from the market. It results in a small net savings. Therefore Indian agriculture is called Subsistence Agriculture.

Question 11.
Why some people call green revolution as ‘wheat revolution’?
Or
May green revolution be termed as wheat revolution only. How?
Answer:
Total production of wheat in 1960-61 was 1 crore 10 lakh tonnes. But due to green revolution it increased five times in 1993-94. Due to the enormous increase in wheat production, sometimes it is called wheat revolution,

Question 12.
Explain the efforts made for the development of animal wealth.
Answer:
Many attempts have been made by Central govt, and state govts, for the development of livestock farming in India.

Special attempts have been made to improve their breed, to protect them from different diseases, to control their diseases; and provide market facilities. At least one veterinary hospital has been started in each block. At village level, the health centres for livestock have been opened. In 1992-93, such health centres were more than 22,000. Besides this, 26 cattle injection centres in public and private sectors had been opened.

Question 13.
What are the reasons that are responsible for the increase in land use under non-agricultural purposes?
Answer:
There are two reasons for the increasing use of land for non-agricultural purposes growing population and economic development. The urban and rural areas are increasing in size due to growing population. Due to increase in economic development large area is being used for canals, roads, industries and irrigation projects.

Question 14.
Write in brief about the importance of forests.
Answer:
Forests are important in our daily life in the following ways:

These maintain ecological balance.
Trees absorb carbon dioxide and control the increase in temperature.
Forests are the home of wild animals. These protect them.
Forests increase the rainfall and droughts do not occur,
Forests preserve water resources and control floods in rivers.

Question 15.
What effect incurred after independence on the requirement of foodgrains per head?
Answer:
After independence, many steps have been taken to develop agriculture. As a result, the production of foodgrains has increased. From 1950-51 to 1994-95, production of rice has increased four times and production of wheat has increased ten times. It has affected food for persons. In 1950 the availability of foodgrains was 395 grams per person per day. In 2000 it had increased to 458 grams per person per day.

Question 18.
What are the reasons of small land holdings in India? How these effect Indian agriculture?
Answer:
50% land holdings are less than one hectare in size. The main reason for it is law of inheritance. After the death of the father, the land is equally divided among the sons. Therefore size of the land holding is small due to increasing pressure of population on land. Due to small holdings the farmer cannot use machinery and the advanced methods of irrigation. As a result, he has to hire water and machinery. Therefore, net saving is less and the farmer is becoming poorer day by day.

Question 17.
Name the main paddy producing states.
Answer:
West Bengal was the largest rice producing state of India with a production of 1.39 crore tonnes in 2000-01. Other main producers are U.P., Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, Bihar. Punjab and Orissa. Each state produces more than 60 lakhs tonnes of rice. Besides this, M.P., Assam, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Haryana are other large producers of rice.

Question 18.
What are the causes for high per hectare yield of wheat in Punjab?
Answer:
Punjab is the second largest producer of wheat in India. Punjab ranks first in yield per hectare and its contribution towards national store of wheat is due to

Wheat is cultivated on a large scale in Punjab because it is a commercial crop in Punjab.
Better irrigation facilities are available.
The yield per hectare is high.
The yield per hectare has increased due to mechanised agriculture.

Question 19.
What are the causes of decrease in area under pulses cultivation?
Answer:
The production of pulses and oil seeds are still low due to the following reasons:

The areas under cultivation of pulses and oil seeds is small. Pulses are grown on an area of 2.3 crore hectares.
There is absence of irrigation.
The yield per hectare is low. The green revolution has not affected it,
The rate of growth of population is more than the rate of production of these crops.

Question 20.
Write down the benefits of Dairy Industry.
Answer:
Dairy farming includes rearing of cattle to get milk and milk products. It is a part of agriculture. It has the following advantages:

It provides employment in drought areas.
It provides additional income to farmer.
It provides nutrients in diet by increasing the production of milk.

Question 21.
Why production of pulses and oil-seeds is still low?
Answer:
The production of pulses and oil seeds is lower and does not meet our needs. This is due to:

Low production of Pulses. The production of pulses was 1.3 crore tonnes in 1960-61. It was 1.4 crore tonnes in 1993-94. Unfortunately, the yield of pulses per person has reduced to one half. This is due to the decrease in area under pulses. Much area has been brought under cultivation of rice and wheat. There has been decreasing of 34 lakh hectares under pulses during the last thirty years.
Low production of Oil-seeds. The position of oil-seeds is opposite to-that of pulses. There has been increase in area under oilseeds as well as production of oilseeds. In 1960-61 area under oilseeds was 1.4 crore hectares. It increased to 2.23 crore hectares in 2000-01. The production increased two fold but still there is shortage of oilseeds. The demand is increasing by 5% annually and 2% growth of population is making the problem more severe.

Question 22.
What are the main problems of Indian agriculture?
Answer:
The following are the agricultural problems of India:

There is a great soil erosion because the area under forests and pastures is small.
Most of the soils are saline. More than one lakh hectares is affected by this in Ferozepur district.
Most of the farmers are illiterate and are unable to practise crop rotation.
Cultivated land is decreasing due to the increasing use of land for non-agriculturai purposes.
The size of the land holding is small, uneconomic and there is small net saving. Because the farmers have to hire the costly machinery and costly fertilizer
Fall in ground water and loss of fertility are other problems.

Question 23.
Explain the changes that have occurred rapidly in the diversification of crop rotation after Green Revolution.
Answer:
Rapid changes have taken in crop-rotation after Green Revolution. This is due to the increase in productivity in areas affected by Green Revolution (Punjab, Haryana and H.P.). Agricultural productivity has decreased in the traditional rice producing areas of the East. Besides this, the agricultural development, in Green revolution affected areas, has become stagnant. To meet these problems, the farmers have adopted new systems of crop rotation in different areas. For example, Punjab has adopted a Wheat-Rice rotation system, and U.P. has taken to Wheat-Sugarcane crop-rotation system.

Question 24.
What are the indications that depict that Indian agriculture is advancing towards commercial agriculture leaving behind the subsistence type of agriculture?
Answer:
Subsistence farming means the raising of crops for the local consumption according to needs of the farmer and his family. In commercial farming the surplus is sold in the market. The following factors have been responsible for transforming Indian agriculture from subsistence to commercial farming:

The Govt, has passed legislative measures to abolish the Zamindari system.
Chakbandi has consolidated scattered land holdings of the farmers to make it of economic size.
Cooperative movement has helped the farmers to collectively tackle their problems of credit and marketing.
National banks provide loans to farmers on relatively easy terms.
The Agricultural Price Commission fixes the minimum support prices for various crops. The farmers are not compelled to sell their products at low prices,

Question 25.
What efforts have been made by Government of India for the development of Agriculture?
Answer:
The Central and State governments have taken the following five important steps for the progress of agriculture in India:

Consolidation. The government under the five year plans have consolidated the small holdings into big blocks in order to mechanize the agriculture.
Supply of quality seeds. The government has undertaken to supply seeds of good quality to the farmer so that agricultural output is increased.
Supply of fertilizers. The government, therefore, has started supplying chemical fertilizers to the farmers. Many factories have been set up to meet the demand of chemical fertilizers.
Modern means of agriculture. In order to increase the agricultural output new machines are being used for agriculture.
Means of irrigation. Many multipurpose projects have been completed. Dams have been built across the rivers and the water thus stored is used for irrigation. Bhakra-Nangal project and Damodar Valley Corporation are examples of this type of projects.

III. Answer the following questions subjectively:

Question 1.
Explain, in detail, the problems being faced by the Indian Agriculture.
Answer:
The main problems of Indian Agriculture are as under:

The most important problem of Indian Agriculture is the pressure of population on land. About 65% workers depend upon agriculture for their livelihood; but earn only 29% of the National income.
Most of the land holdings are small and unequally distributed. These are uneconomic.
The area under forests and pastures is low. Therefore soil erosion has an adverse effect on soil fertility.
Most of the farmers are illiterate. They cannot practise crop-rotation. So the natural fertility of the soil decreases. So intensive agriculture affects the fertility of the soil.
Irrigation has become a problem in India. There is necessity of extending irrigation facilities in Rajasthan, Maharashtra, M.P., Karnataka, etc.; but due to over-irrigation in Punjab the problems of water logging and saline soils have been created.
The capital investment in Agriculture is decreasing. In 1980-81, the capital investment was Rs. 1769 crores, but in 1990-91 it decreased to Rs. 100 crores. After that this capital investment is on increase.
Marginal development has taken place in development of better seeds.
Diversification of crops and slow growth is also a problem.
The fact is that Govt, has a strict control on agriculture and prices. Farmers cannot be provided adequate facilities like industries.

Question 2.
Write an explanatory essay on the Green Revolution of India.
Answer:
Green Revolution is a new strategy used to increase the production of foodgrains in the country. A revolution has taken place in the agricultural methods and technology. This revolution is known as Green Revolution. It includes the use of better quality seeds, high yielding varieties, chemical fertilizers, agricultural machinery and to provide irrigation facilities. It has led to a complete modernisation of Indian Agriculture.

This strategy was introduced to do away with food shortage and import of foodgrains. In 1961 seven districts were selected for this programme. In Punjab, Ludhiana was one of these districts. Green Revolution affected the whole of Punjab. Punjab became the bread basket of India. Yield per hectare of wheat rose to 3531 kg. in 1985-86. But in India it was 2132 kg. In fact, Green Revolution helped to increase production on less land.

Question 3.
Explain in detail about the cultivation of Paddy in India.
Answer:
Rice. Rice is the leading agricultural crop of India. It is the staple food of 2/3rd of her population. Suitable geographical environment for its cultivation, its production and trade are described ahead:
PSEB 10th Class SST Solutions Geography Chapter 5 Land Utilization and Agriculture 1
Geographical conditions. The geographical conditions suitable for rice cultivation are the following:

Rice is the product of moist tropical region. It requires high temperature. The temperature should not be more than 25°C. At the harvest times especially, the temperature should be high.
Rice requires great amount of water. A rainfall between 130 and 200 cms is suitable for it. A good crop of rice mainly depends on the Monsoon. Deficiency in rainfall can be made up by irrigation.
Very fertile soil is needed for rice cultivation. Clay and delta soils are most suitable for it.
Rice requires a lot of manual labour. Therefore, cheap labour should be available for its cultivation. Therefore rice is grown in densely populated areas.

Rice Producing Areas. India stands next only to China in the production of rice. In India, West Bengal produces largest quantity of rice. Tamil Nadu and Jharkhand are second and third producers of rice respectively. Rice is also grown in Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Kerala, Assam, Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana. In 2011-12 rice was grown in 4.3 crore hectares of land in India and the total output of rice was 9.5 crore tonnes.

Question 4.
Explain in detail about the cultivation of wheat in India.
Answer:
Wheat is an important foodgrain.
Geographical conditions. The following geographical conditions are suitable for wheat cultivation:

Wheat requires lowr temperature during the growing period and high temperature at the harvesting period. At the sowing time temperature should be about 15°C to 20°C and at the time of ripening the temperature should be between 20°C and 25°C.
Wheat can be grown in areas of moderate rainfall. 50 to 75 centimetres rainfall is quite suitable for its cultivation. The rain should be well distributed
The soil should be fertile. Loamy soil is very suitable for wheat cultivation.
The land should be even for the convenience of irrigation.

Wheat Producing States. Although wheat is cultivated in almost every part of the country except the southern part of the Indian peninsula, it is essentially a crop of North India. Uttar Pradesh produces highest quantity of wheat in India. Punjab occupies second position as a producer of wheat in India. Haryana is also an important producer of wheat.
PSEB 10th Class SST Solutions Geography Chapter 5 Land Utilization and Agriculture 2
The states of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Maharashtra also grow some wheat.

Question 5.
Write about the cultivation of pulses in India.
Answer:
The production of pulses has not shown any marked increase in India. India is still the largest producer of the pulses. Main pulses include Grams, Arhar, Masur, Mung and Peas. It is grown in dry areas all over the country in both the Kharif and Rabi season.

The area under pulses has not increased because a large area was cultivated for wheat and rice after green revolution. In 1960-61 pulses were cultivated in an area of 2.6 crore hectares. But in 2000-01 it reduced to 2.23 crore hectares showing a decrease of 30 lakh hectares during the last 34 years.

The production of pulses was 1.3 crore tonnes in 1960-61 and increased to 2.5 crore tonnes in 2010-11. With better seeds, the production of pulses can be increased.

Question 6.
Highlight the causes that led to decrease in area under oilseeds after Green Revolution. What steps have been taken by the government to increase the cultivation of oilseeds?
Answer:
Oilseeds are grown in combination with other crops to increase the soil fertility. It acts as pivot in crop rotation. After green revolution the area under oilseeds had decreased. In 1975-76 the area under oilseeds was 3.2 lakh hectares. In 1991 it decreased to 1.0 lakh hectares.
Steps taken. The Government is providing better seeds to increase oilseeds production. Good prices have been offered for oilseeds so that farmers should take interest in its cultivation.

Question 7.
Write a comprehensive essay on the cotton production in our country.
Answer:
Cotton is an important fibre crop. The cotton yarn is used for manufacturing cloth. Cotton plantation in India has been done since ancient times (during Indus civilisation). The Babylonians called it ‘Sandhu’ and Greeks called it ‘Sindo’.

Geographical conditions. Given below are the physical requirements of cotton cultivation:

High temperature is needed for cultivation of cotton crop. Average temperature should be between 30°C and 35°C.
A moderate amount of rainfall is required for cultivation of cotton. Cotton can be easily grown in area with 50 to 100 cms of rainfall. Irrigation is used in dry areas.
During the growing period of the cotton plants the relative humidity should be high. At the time of picking the weather should be dry.
Cotton can be grown in many types of soils but loamy soil is ideal for its growth. In India it is mostly grown in the black cotton soil region of Gujarat and Maharashtra. A special feature of black soil is that it can retain moisture for a long period and the need for irrigation is minimised. In Punjab and Haryana cotton is grown in alluvial soil.
Most of the activities connected with cotton cultivation require manual labour. Therefore large amount of cheap labour is essential.

Sowing and harvesting periods. In most parts of India cotton is a summer crop. It is sown from April to June and harvested in the months of September and October. In Gujarat it is sown in the month of June and harvested in October. In Tamil Nadu cotton is sown in September and harvested in the month of March.

Production. India is the fourth biggest producer of cotton in the world. India produces about 700 lakh bales of cotton, each bale weighing 170 kilograms. In 2011-12 the area under cotton cultivation was 86 lakh hectares.

State-wise distribution. Maharashtra state is the biggest producer of cotton in India and produces about 26.3 lakh bales of cotton. The other important cotton producing states of India are Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka. Punjab, Gujarat (second largest producer), Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. Most of the cotton grown in India is of short staple type but the cultivation of long staple American and Egyptian cotton is on the increase.

Question 8.
Explain the main features of Horticulture in India.
Answer:
Horticulture means cultivation of vegetables, flowers and fruit. Its main characteristics are:

India ranks second in the world in the production of fruit and vegetables. The production of fruit was 3.9 crore tonnes and the production of vegetables was 6.5 crore tonnes.
Different types of fruit, vegetables and flowers are grown due to diverse climatic conditions. Tea and coffee on hill slopes and coconut in coastal areas are grown.
India ranks first in the world in the production of bananas, mangoes, coconuts and cashewnuts. India is a large producer of oranges, apples, potatoes, tomatoes, onions and peanuts.
The exports of these products is 25% of the total exports of India.
Floriculture has increased due to demand in foreign countries. 200 units have been selected to export flowers.
Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh states lead in the production of apples, Maharashtra in the production of oranges and bananas, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu in the production of mangoes and Kerala in the production of cashewnuts.

The production of fruits and vegetables has rapidly increased in Punjab. In 2000-01, the production was 8 lakh tonnes. Hoshiarpur, Ferozpur, Amritsar and Faridkot are the leading districts. 26.6 thousand hectares of land is under kinoo gardens and orange plantation.

IV. Show the following on the map of India:

Question 1.
(i) Main Wheat producing areas
(ii) Main Jowar-Bajra producing areas
(iii) Main Cotton producing areas
(iv) Main Rice (paddy) producing areas
(v) Main Oilseeds producing areas
(vi) Sugarcane producing areas
(vii) Main Pulses producing areas
(viii) Maize producing areas
Answer:
PSEB 10th Class SST Solutions Geography Chapter 5 Land Utilization and Agriculture 3

PSEB 10th Class Social Science Guide Land Utilization and Agriculture Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions in one word or one line:

Question 1.
How much percentage of population of India depends upon agriculture?
Answer:
70 percent,

Question 2.
Name an activity which besides cultivation is included in agriculture.
Answer:
Animal husbandry.

Question 3.
How much area is net sown area in India?
Answer:
143 million Hectare.

Question 4.
What is the percentage of fallow land?
Answer:
5%.

Question 5.
In which state is Jhumming practised?
Answer:
Meghalaya.

Question 6.
Name an important Rabi crop.
Answer:
Wheat.

Question 7.
Name an important Kharif crop.
Answer:
Paddy.

Question 8.
Name a plantation crop of India.
Answer:
Tea.

Question 9.
Where does India rank in world production of tea?
Answer:
First.

Question 10.
Name a fibre crop.
Answer:
Cotton.

Question 11.
From which liquid is rubber produced?
Answer:
Latex.

Question 12.
How much per cent area of India is under cultivation? Where does India rank in the world?
Answer:
About 51 per pent land of India is under cultivation. From this point of view, India ranks first in the world.

Question 13.
What do you mean by fallow land?
Answer:
Fallow land is that land which is used for one crop after 2 or 3 years. It is again left vacant so that its fertility can be restored.

Question 14.
The percentage of fallow land is decreasing in India. What does it suggest? Explain two points.
Answer:

More manures and fertilizers are being used in fallow land.
Scientific methods are being used to retain moisture in land.

Question 15.
Despite less area under pastures in India, India has the largest number of cattle in the world. How is it?
Answer:
Livestock are reared on fodder crops and grass.

Question 16.
How do forests check floods?
Answer:
Forests allow the seepage of rain water into land. So these help to retain water and control the destructive floods of rivers.

Question 17.
How can afforestation control droughts?
Answer:
Forests help in rainfall. Therefore droughts do not occur frequently.

Question 18.
What do you mean by wasteland?
Answer:
Wasteland is that land which is not used at present. It includes arid, rocky areas and sandy deserts. High rugged mountains and bad lands are included in it.

Question 19.
In which two ways wastelands are increased by man?
Answer:

By overgrazing
By deforestation.

Question 20.
Explain three methods of forests conservation.
Answer:

Deforestation should be stopped.
Forests should be declared reserved areas.
More trees should be planted than cut during a year.

Question 21.
Why is the demand for land increasing in India? Give two examples.
Answer:

More land is required for human settlements due to growing population.
People want to live in open, spacious houses due to high standard of living.

Question 22.
Why is it necessary to plan the proper use of the land available?
Answer:
Land is a limited resource. It can neither be increased nor decreased. But pressure on land is increasing constantly. So it is necessary to plan the proper use of land.

Question 23.
State three steps which should be taken for the proper land-use.
Answer:

Soil erosion should be checked.
To check the advance of deserts.
Steps be taken to use the wasteland.

Question 24.
The natural fertility of soils in India is decreasing. State two reasons for it.
Answer:
The following are the two main reasons for decreasing soil fertility in India:

The absence of forests and pastures is affecting the natural fertility of soils.
The poverty of farmers and their ignorance of scientific techniques are also responsible for the decrease in natural fertility of soils.

Question 25.
Explain the importance of bunding and contour ploughing in dry farming.
Answer:
Bunding and contour ploughing are useful in dry farming. It retains the moisture in soil. It also checks soil erosion.

Question 26.
What steps should be taken to maintain soil fertility in India?
Answer:
Green manures and Gobar manures should be used to maintain soil fertility. But a suitable amount of fertilizers should also be used at the same unit.

Question 27.
What is the function and importance of National Price Commission?
Answer:
National Price Commission fixes the standard rate of crops, useful for farmers.

Question 28.
Name the two agricultural seasons oflndia.
Answer:
In India, there are two main agricultural seasons, Kharif and Rabi. Rice is the main crop of Kharif season while wheat is the main foodgrain of Rabi season.

Question 29.
Where is most of wheat produced in India? Why?
Answer:
Wheat is mostly produced in northern plains. Punjab, Haryana and U.P. are the leading producers of wheat.

Question 30.
Explain the importance of cultivation of pulses in India.
Answer:
(i) Pulses are the major sources of protein for poor people in India.
(ii) Pulses fix nitrogen in the soil to restore its fertility.

Question 31.
What are oilseeds? Name some important oilseeds.
Answer:
Groundnut, Sesaum, Linseed, Sunflower, Castor seed, Rape seed, Mustard, etc. are important oilseeds.

Question 32.
Name four main fibres of India. How are these obtained?
Answer:
The four main fibres in India are:

Cotton
Jute
Wool
Silk.

Question 33.
What is the importance of forestry?
Answer:

Forests maintain ecological balance and ecosystem.
Forests provide timber, lac, gum, cane, fuel, medicines, etc.

Question 34.
Why is India considered a fortunate country as regards land available for cultivation?
Answer:
More than one half of total land is available for agriculture in India. No other country is so fortunate in this regard.

Question 35.
Why is it necessary to increase the area under forests for economic development?
Answer:
Many industries are based on forests. These increase the employment sources. Moreover, these check soil erosion and control floods. So the area under forests is to be increased.

Question 36.
State a problem related to Ecosystem of Punjab.
Answer:
Forests cover an area of 5.7 per cent in Punjab. This area is very low as regards scientific norm. The low forested area has an adverse effect on Ecosystem of Punjab.

Question 37.
How can you say that Punjab is an agricultural state?
Answer:
Most of the land of Punjab is being used for agricultural purpose. Waste land covers very small area as compared to the whole country. So we can say that Punjab is an agricultural state.

Question 38.
What do you know about social forestry? State its main aim.
Answer:
Social forestry includes a programme under which common wasteland in rural area is used for planting trees. Its aims is to make wasteland a green belt, provide employment in rural areas, and to solve fuel problem in villages.

Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
Net sown area in India is___________%.
Answer:
47

Question 2.
India has ____________ % area under forests.
Answer:
22.6

Question 3.
In Punjab _________% area is under forests.
Answer:
5.7

Question 4.
India is the largest exporter of ___________
Answer:
Tea

Question 5.
India is second largest producer of _________
Answer:
Rice.

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
India is the largest producer of
(a) Tea
(b) Coffee
(c) Rice
(d) Cotton.
Answer:
(a) Tea

Question 2.
Which state is the largest producer of wheat?
(a) Punjab
(b) U.P.
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Madhya Pradesh.
Answer:
(b) U.P.

Question 3.
Which is known as golden fibre?
(a) Cotton
(b) Silk
(c) Jute
(d) Wool.
Answer:
(c) Jute

Question 4.
Crops grown in _______season are called Kharif crops.
(a) Spring
(b) Summer
(c) Winter
(d) Rainy.
Answer:
(d) Rainy.

Question 5.
Black soils are ideal for cultivation of:
(a) Wheat
(b) Rice
(c) Cotton
(d) Maize.
Answer:
(c) Cotton

True / False:

Question 1.
Rice is a product of moist tropical region.
Answer:
True.

Question 2.
Less fertile soil is needed for rice cultivation.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Jharkhand produces largest quantity of rice.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Wheat can be grown in areas of moderate rainfall.
Answer:
True.

Question 5.
Cotton is an important fibre crop.
Answer:
True.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which is the most satisfying feature of land use pattern in India? What are its main features?
Answer:
The most satisfying feature of land use in India is that net sown area is increasing. During last 3 decades 2.2 crore hectares has been added to it. Today net sown area is 16.2 crore hectares and it is about 47.7% of total area.

Main Features:

The area under forests is low. It is only 22.7% of total area. But for a self-reliant economy and proper ecological balance, one third of the land should be under forests.
The area under pastures is low.

Question 2.
Distinguish between fallow land and wasteland. What are two advantages of fallow land to farmers?
Answer:
Fallow lands are lands which are not cultivated annually for crops. Only one crop is grown on these-lands during two or three years. After getting one crop, it is left vacant to maintain its fertility. Its use depends on timely monsoonal rain. Wasteland is a land which is not used for cultivation. It includes arid, rocky and sandy land.

Advantages of Fallow Land:

Fallow lands regain their lost fertility.
Agricultural production is increased due to increase in productivity of land.

Question 3.
Distinguish between subsistence farming and commercial farming giving one example from each.
Answer:
Subsistence farming is the type of agriculture in which crops are grown for local consumption to meet the needs of the family. On the opposite, commercial farming meets the demand of market. In commercial farming, one crop is grown and cultivation is done on large farms using scientific techniques. Subsistence farming includes wheat farming while tea plantations are a type of commercial farming.

Question 4.
Name two agricultural seasons. Why is wheat mostly grown in Punjab? Give two reasons.
Answer:
The two agricultural seasons are:

Kharif
Rabi.

Wheat is mostly grown in Punjab due to these reasons:

Punjab has fertile land deposited by alluvial soils. These loamy soils are best suited for wheat.
Cyclonic rainfall, which occurs over a long period, is well suited for wheat.

Question 5.
Why is the rice cultivation increasing in Punjab? Give four reasons.
Answer:
Increase in rice cultivation is due to these reasons:

Intensive farming is practised in Punjab with the use of better seeds and fertilizers.
Irrigation methods are highly developed. In some districts, water logging has increased rice production.
Land is fertile and farmers are hard working.
Punjab Agriculture University has introduced new varieties of rice.

PSEB 10th Class SST Solutions Geography Chapter 5 Land Utilization and Agriculture 5

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the major characteristics of land use pattern in India?
Answer:
Land use pattern. Land is a limited resource. Attempts are made to make the maximum use of land. India has total geographical area of 32.8 crore hectares. Out of it 92.2% area is used.

Main characteristics of land use are as under:
(а) Net sown area. About 51% of total land (16.3 crore hectares) is net sown area. This vast area shows the importance of agriculture in India. It includes 1.3% land under fruits and 5% under fallow land.

(b) Fallow land. About 5% land (2.2 crore hectares) is left as fallow land and is cultivated after two or three years. Fallow land has decreased due to use of fertilizers and manures.

(c) Forests. About 22.7% of land (6.7 crore hectares) is under forests. The actual area under forests is 4.6 crore hectares. According to scientific norms, l/3rd of area should be under forests.

(d) Pastures. About 4% land is under pastures. Still India has the largest number of cattle in the world. Cattle are reared on fodder crops.

(e) Other uses. Land under permanent grassland, cultivable waste, and not available for cultivation amounts to about 22% of total land. It includes wasteland also.
Moreover the demand for human settlements is increasing due to growing population.

Question 2.
Describe the geographical conditions of growth, areas and production of tea in India. Also, discuss its International Trade.
Answer:
India is the leading producer of tea in the world. Tea plantations were started by the British for their own benefit. Now Indians are the owners of these plantations. About 10 lakh persons are engaged in Tea farming directly and same number of persons get employment indirectly. It is labour-intensive industry.
(а) Geographical conditions. The following geographical, conditions are suitable for cultivation of tea:

Abundant rainfall (150 cms) is necessary for the growth of tea plants.
Tea requires high temperature. An average temperature of 20°C to 30°C is suitable for its proper growth.
The relative humidity should be high.
The water should not stagnate in the roots of the plant.-Therefore tea is mostly grown on the hilly slopes.
Tea requires fertile soil.
Cheap labour is very essential for tea plantation as the picking of leaves requires human labour.

(b) Tea producing states. Assam is the biggest producer of tea in India. West Bengal is the second largest producer of tea in India. Tea is grown in Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, Nilgiri hills. Tea is also grown in Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, U.P., Himachal Pradesh, Kerala and Karnataka.

(c) Production. In 1950-51, tea estates covered an area of 3,14,000 hectares. In 2000-01 the area under tea estates raised to 4,00,000 hectares. In 1950-51 total production of tea was .2,75,000 tonnes. In 2011-12, it rose to 8,00,000 tonnes. It amounts to one half of the world production.

(d) Trade. In 2010-11, India exported 2.03 lakh tonnes of tea valued at Rs. 1976 crores. Sri Lanka is a competitor of India as regards exports of tea. Kenya is a new tea-exporter. Tea consumption is increasing in India. So tea export is decreasing.

Question 3.
What are the main causes of backwardness of the Indian agriculture? Suggest remedies for its improvement.
Answer:
Causes of backwardness. The causes of backwardness of the Indian agriculture are as under:

Dependence on rain. The Indian farmer depends on rain for irrigation. Only 23% of the cultivated land has irrigation facilities.
Dearth of Nitrogen in the soil. Indian soil is poor in nitrogen. The land has been cultivated for thousands of years continuously and has, thus, affected the fertility of the soil.
Poor labour. The Indian farmers are weak in health and they cannot provide the required amount of labor for agriculture.
Subdivision of holdings. In India the land is equally distributed amongst all the sons after the death of the father. As a result the size of fields goes on decreasing and this affects the production.
Primitive methods of agriculture. The Indian farmer is still following the
primitive methods of agriculture. Hence agriculture in India has suffered a setback.
Non-utilization of good seeds. Indian farmers are poor and do not use seeds of good quality. This lowers production.
Poverty. Money is needed for agriculture but the farmers are poor.
Weak cattle. Indian farmer cultivates his land with the help of bullocks but most of the bullocks in India are not of good breed. They are very weak and are thus unable to undertake agricultural activities properly.
Illiteracy. The Indian farmer is illiterate. He finds it difficult to adopt new methods of agriculture.

Suggestions for improvement of agriculture:

Co-operative farming. Co-operative farming should be introduced. This will increase the size of the fields and modem methods of agriculture would easily be adopted.
Improvement in irrigation. In order to bring improvement in agriculture, the irrigation facilities should also be improved.
Intensive farming. The farmers should adopt intensive farming. This brings more return from a smaller area.
Good seeds and fertilizers. The government should arrange to supply quality seeds and fertilizers to the farmers at reasonable rates.
Use of new agricultural implements. There can be a lot of improvement in agriculture if modern agricultural implements are used by the farmers. The government should give financial aid to farmers for the purchase of such implements.

PSEB 10th Class Welcome Life Solutions Source Based Questions

October 20, 2021October 19, 2021 by Prasanna

PSEB Solutions for Class 10 Welcome Life Source Based Questions

Question 1.
Change is the law of nature. As it is well said that flowing water never goes stale. Human nature is also just like the same. If a person does not have a flexible attitude, he/she can never adapt himself herself to the environment. A narrow-minded person is never happy. Such a person becomes toxic and spreads negativity all around. Besides this, that person fails to maintain relations with others because he/she is never ready to welcome wholeheartedly others’ viewpoints and criticism for his own ideology. A flexible attitude, therefore, is a very necessary trait to be developed in the individual for a healthy adjustment with others.

1. What is human nature like?
Answer:
Human nature is changeable which keeps on changing with time.

2. What is the disadvantage of narrow-mindedness?
Answer:
A narrow-minded person spreads negativity everywhere and never remains happy.

3. How does a narrow-minded person maintain a relationship?
Answer:
A narrow-minded person cannot maintain relationships well as he is never ready to accept others’ points of view.

4. What type of thinking should we keep?
Answer:
One must keep positive thinking and must remain away from negative ideas. He must not live with narrow-mindedness but live with a positive attitude.

5. What is the need for a flexible attitude?
Answer:
A person with flexible attitude makes healthy adjustment with others and never have sour relations with them.

Question 2.
In the age of the modem information revolution, the means of communication and their role has been increased tremendously. Information, knowledge, and entertainment are obtained through these means. But the main purpose of most of the companies, institutions, or organizations that run these resources is also to make money. In such a situation they are providing all kinds of content; Whether it is for the good of humanity or not. In the present age, every human being has access and capability to use the internet and means of communication. Therefore, it is our duty to make proper use of these resources to develop our knowledge. Children have less ability to find right/wrong and therefore this fear persists due to misuse of the internet or other means of communication. The main purpose of this activity-based lesson is to develop this habit/interest in the students so that they understand how to use these tools properly.

1. What type of age is present age and why?
Answer:
The present age is known as the age of information revolution because they have reduced the distance in the world quite dramatically.

2. Whose importance has increased in the modem age?
Answer:
The importance of information technology has increased in the modem age.

3. What is the main objectives of those who run means of communication?
Answer:
The main objective of those who run means of communication is to make money and earn profit.

4. What is our duty?
Answer:
It is our duty to make proper use of means of communication and develop our knowledge.

5. What is the advantage of activity-based lessons?
Answer:
It helps the students to understand how to use the tools properly and develops a habit among them to understand everything very quickly.

Question 3.
Madam Kamla told the girls that they had a lot of misconceptions that need to be avoided: as some people take medicines to stay awake till night, some are taking extra products to make their body much healthier and muscular, some posts on social media are misleading the young generation. Actually, these advertisements are promoted by companies and they are not part of a T.V. channel. There is written ‘disclaimer’, advertisement on them. So, we should not blindly believe it. In such advertisements and we should think critically. So in nutshell, we should believe in hard work and a homemade healthy diet which should be a simple and balanced diet. Madam also gave examples of Milkha Singh, P.T. Usha, Deepika Karmakar, Leander Pace, Marriecom, and many other players who raised them up from ordinary or poor families and shined well in the world.

1. What kind of misconceptions do people make?
Answer:
People make misconceptions that by consuming medicine and tonics, we can become healthy and strong.

2. Do we have to trust the advertisements of companies?
Answer:
We must not blindly believe in the company advertisements. We should think critically about it and must not be misled by such advertisements.

3. Give some examples of sportspersons who achieved great heights only with hard work.
Answer:
Milkha Singh, P.T. Usha, Deepika Karmakar, Leander Pace, Marriecom, and many other players achieved great heights with hard work.

4. What should we do to achieve great heights?
Answer:
To shine and achieve heights, we must do hard work and must not consume medicine and tonics.

5. What is a ‘disclaimer’ written on advertisements?
Answer:
Because T.V. channels are only showing advertisements on the behalf of the manufacturer. They have nothing to do with manufacturing or faulty products.

Question 4.
There are some social boundaries about our relations. They tell us to what extent we should keep our relationships. We are not supposed to violate these limits and boundaries. These social rules make a setup that is known as a social setup. Our family or neighbors, school/college teachers, students, friends almost every person in the world make us realise the socially well-defined boundaries and limitations of relationships at every stage of life. So we should observe and follow them with a logical approach. We should not violate such boundary otherwise we may have to murder any other relationship. So there is a limit which marks a social grace; as some relations are to be kept at home, on the other hand, some are limited to our office or any other workplace. Therefore it’s not wise to bring our outer relationships (workplace relationships or professional relations) to our home and vice versa. Some relations are blood relations which are known very close to us but it is not always the same. Sometimes, a relation that is not a blood relation helps us more and is ‘ closer to us than the blood relations.

1. Who fixes the limits of our relationships?
Answer:
Society fixes the limits of our relationships that how much far we need to go in any relationship.

2. What should we do with social limitations?
Answer:
We must follow and observe them with a logical approach that we should remain within social limitations.

3. How can we identify close and far-off relationships?
Answer:
Close and far-off relationships can be identified by our instinctive love and sensitivity.

4. What is the limitation of relationships?
Answer:
There is always a limitation of every relationship that how much far we need to go in every relationship. That’s why we must understand their limitation and live a better life.

5. Why is it not wise to bring outer relationships to our home?
Answer:
We must not bring outer or office relationships to our home because it can create problems in our other relationships. Family members can oppose it and can have adverse effects on our homely relationship.

Question 5.
In life, every person lives with many relationships. Some relations are life long but some are to be cut down or some relations break up with the effect of time and circumstances. So it remains as a memory, good or bad in any corner of our mind perhaps throughout life. Some relations are breakup by ego, fear, anger, or social helplessness. Sometimes we have to go away to start a new life and for this, we have to end up our relationship. Sometimes we feel that we cannot go for a long time with someone else so we cut our relations. We should end up our relationship very constructively and in a graceful manner.

1. Do all relationships last a lifetime?
Answer:
No, all relationships do not last a lifetime. Few relationships are to be cut down midway.

2. Why do we have to leave relationships?
Answer:
Some relationships are to be cut down due to anger, fear of social restrictions, or to start a new life at some other place.

3. How should we leave relationships?
Answer:
If we need to leave a relationship, we need to end up in a constructive and graceful manner.

4. Why do relationships remain in memory?
Answer:
We end a particular relationship but they remain in memory because of any good or bad moment.

5. Why do we feel that few relationships will not be lost for long?
Answer:
Because at one stage of life, we start to realize that such relationships are not faithful and it’s better to end up that relationship instead of taking it for long.

Question 6.
Understand, if you want to treat everyone in a fairly, respectful manner. We should have the quality of sensitivity. We all have to look at it with love and respect, with the eyes of equality. So boys and girls-men and women have to treat each other fairly with respect and equality. In this way, the meaning of the word ‘pain’ is limited – one’s own pain. In the same way, the meaning of ‘Sympathy is to understand the collective pain of all. If we look at our home, siblings often complain that their parents treat their sisters and brothers better than they do. Even at school, boys often complain about why girls are being monitored in class? So issues like this are really an indication of our lack of gender sensitivity.

1. What is the equality of sensitivity?
Answer:
While living in society, we treat everyone in a fairly and respectful manner. This is the quality of sensitivity.

2. What is meant by pain and sympathy?
Answer:
The limited meaning of ‘pain’ is one’s own pain and the meaning of sympathy is to understand the collective pain of all.

3. What complain do we have with our siblings?
Answer:
We often have complained about siblings that parents have more to them and do less love to us.

4. How do we behave properly?
Answer:
We must give respect to all and treat them equally to behave properly.

Question 7.
Dear students, needs and desires are very important in our life but they should not exceed their limits. They should not be so too many that it will be difficult to live a simple life within our means. Desires should be kept within a social boundary. Food, clothes, and home are basic necessities, in the same way, a good lifestyle is also of some importance. Let us see, of which type our needs and desires are? Whether they are limited or they are much more and exceeding all means and sources? Are they teasing our parents or not?

1. What is required to live life?
Answer:
Needs and desires are required to live life. We cannot live without these.

2. To what extent, desires should be kept?
Answer:
Desires should be kept in a social boundary so that they can easily be fulfilled.

3. Which things are necessary to five life?
Answer:
Food, clothes and shelter are required to live life as we cannot live without them.

4. What should we keep in mind while keeping desires?
Answer:
While having a wish, we should keep in mind that they must not tease our parents. In this case, they will become a burden on our parents.

5. Why needs and desires are important in life?
Answer:
Because everyone needs certain things to “live life and to live a happy life, desires are also important. Without desires, development cannot take place.

Question 8.
Every human being in the world is different. We are different from each other in many ways, just like that Everyone has a different personality. It is important for mutual respect that we treat each other in the same way. Acknowledge what their personality is different relationships are a blessing for us. We often see that the personalities of two good friends are often different. One speaker and the other listener. In this way, our diversity is complementary to each other. When we accept each other, we also learn a lot from them. If we think of ourselves as right and others as wrong, we will be left alone. Friendship is especially important in student life. Accept the friend in his or her full form. Everyone’s reaction to the same situation is different. When a student is pointed out in the class, one should understand and make changes in his / her ways. Someone else gets angry and deliberately misbehaves, while, someone is completely silent. Our problem is that we want everyone to change according to us. This is not fair. They behave differently.

1. What is of great importance in student life?
Answer:
Friendship is of great importance in student life as they remain with us without any selfishness and we remember them for the whole of our life.

2. How is everyone different from each other?
Answer:
Everyone is different from each other from the point of view of physical appearance. Their habits, personality, and abilities are also different. That’s why everyone is different from each other.

3. What is necessary for mutual good relations?
Answer:
For mutual good relations, it is a must that we should accept others as they are and according to their personality. It helps in maintaining relations of equality.

4. What is the importance of differences in our lives?
Answer:
Differences are of great importance. Everyone is different from each other and we accept them as they are. Even after having many differences, we do not discriminate against them.

5. Why personalities of two good friends are different from each other?
Answer:
Although they are good friends, their outlook ideas, views, habits, ways of living are different from each other. That’s why their personalities are also different.

Question 9.
Creative thinking means that we have a tendency to do something new, unique, and original. In a human being with a creative mindset, there are always new ideas and the way to express those ideas is also unique. Different human beings have different traits and qualities. A person with a creative mindset uses this quality to develop himself and also gain social respect. Creative focus can be found not only in the field of art or literature but also in people associated with any field. By developing this attitude in the students, their personality should be refined and their nature should be made creative by making proper use of their energy.

1. What is meant by creative thinking?
Answer:
The meaning of creative thinking is a tendency in an individual to do something new, unique, and original.

2. What is the advantage of creative thinking?
Answer:
A person with creative thinking uses this quality to develop himself and also gain social respect. He tries to create something new.

3. Can this creative thinking occur in any field?
Answer:
Yes, creative thinking can occur in any field such as art, literature, science, etc.

4. What is the advantage of developing creative thinking among students?
Answer:
By developing creative thinking among students, their personalities can be developed. Their nature can be made creative by making proper use of their energy.

5. Why everyone should have creative thinking?
Answer:
Every individual is creative in one way or the other. He always wants to create something unique. To create something unique, creative thinking is very much necessary.

Question 10.
It is normal if we feel sad, scared, nervous, restless, angry, jealous, or distress at times, but if this happens often, it becomes essential to control these feelings. If our emotions get out of control, these can prove to be detrimental and may affect our physical health, mental health, family relationships, and social dealings. So we should learn to control our emotions to avoid committing mistakes by being excessively emotional and then regret later. We can be bright and successful students by introspection and analysis of our emotions, by understanding these and channelizing these properly because the balance of emotions plays a significant role in our lives as our physical well-being, mental health, family bondings, and social interactions are all linked to emotional balance. Balancing emotions means that we need to be fully aware of when and how much to express. We must set a limit to how we can express our feelings.

1. Why should we control our feelings?
Answer:
We need to control our emotions such as anger, jealousy, scaredness or it can create many problems for us.

2. How can we become successful students?
Answer:
We can become successful students by introspection and analysis of our emotions, by understanding these and channelizing them properly.

3. What is meant by the balance of emotions?
Answer:
Balancing emotions means that we need to be fully aware of when and how much to express.

4. Why should we learn about keeping emotions in control?
Answer:
We should learn about keeping emotions in control so that under the influence of emotions, we must not make a mistake that can become a problem later on.

5. Why is it normal when we feel sad, nervous, angry, etc.?
Answer:
It is because of human nature that at different times feels, sad, nervous, angry, jealous, or even distressed. It also depends upon the swing of our mood according to which different emotions occur in us.

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Welcome Life Book Solutions Source Based Questions and Answers.

PSEB 10th Class Welcome Life Solutions Chapter 10 Stress Management

November 18, 2021October 19, 2021 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Welcome Life Book Solutions Chapter 10 Stress Management Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 10 Welcome Life Chapter 10 Stress Management

Welcome Life Guide for Class 10 PSEB Stress Management Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How stress can be useful for us?
Answer:
We are generally told that stress is harmful to us but sometimes it can be useful as well. Stress teaches us to fight adverse circumstances, increase our concentration, increase our working capacity and self-respect. In this way, stress has a useful aspect as well.

Question 2.
What are the physical and mental changes felt when you are stressed?
Answer:
Internally, stress has a very bad effect on the body. The person’s heart beats faster, heart disease occurs, the headache starts and breathing problem starts. It also reduces the body’s ability to fight diseases. Externally too, the body undergoes many changes. The person begins to gain weight, hair begins to fall out, sweetening begins as well. The person becomes physically and mentally ill, the effect of which is clearly visible on his face.

Question 3.
What does a stressed person’s face look like?
Answer:
The stressed person’s face becomes pale, he always looks sick and worries are always visible on his face.

Question 4.
What are the stressful things for you?
Answer:
If we look from a student’s point of view, the major reason for stress is the fear of failure, getting fewer marks, staying behind in class, etc. As a father or husband, the major reasons for stress are the worries of job or business, financial worries, worry of income and expenditure, family.

Question 5.
How does stress affect our bodies?
Answer:
See Q. 2 of Exercise-1.

Question 6.
What can we do to reduce stress?
Answer:

Whenever you are under stress, slowly close your eyes. Open your eyes after 5 minutes. It will reduce your stress.
Whenever you are under stress, take a deep breath and slowly breathe out.
We need to go out for a morning walk or do yoga.
Stress can be reduced by having a balanced diet.
You must keep talking to your family members and relatives to reduce tension.
One should continue to pursue his/her hobbies.

Question 7.
What can we do to keep others stress-free?
Answer:
See the last question.

Question 8.
Can stress be good for us?
Answer:
See Q. 1. Exercise-1.

Question 9.
Can a human being live on earth without animals?
Answer:
NO, human beings cannot live on earth without animals. Its reason is that nature has made a life cycle according to which one creature depends upon others to live. In the same way, humans depend upon other animals for their own existence. In their absence, human existence will be in danger. That’s why humans depend upon other animals.

Question 10.
What is the harm of destroying natural vegetation?
Answer:

Natural vegetation helps in bringing rain. In its absence, there will be a scarcity of rain.
Natural vegetation stops soil erosion. In its absence, soil erosion will never stop.
Natural vegetation fulfills our needs of wood and in its absence, such needs will not be fulfilled.
There will be no habitat for wildlife if there will be no natural vegetation.

Question 11.
What can we, as students, do to maintain the balance of nature?
Answer:

We can motivate others to conserve natural vegetation.
Seminars can be conducted for the same purpose.
Students can plant new plants to increase natural vegetation.

PSEB 10th Class Welcome Life Guide Stress Management Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. …………… is a condition that is not according to our mind.
(a) Stress
(b) Happiness
(c) Hardness
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Stress.

2. The condition of mind which we consider ……………. is known as stress.
(a) Hardness
(b) Burden
(c) Happiness
(d) Bullying.
Answer:
(b) Burden

3. Which of these is a reason for stress?
(a) More aspiration
(b) Our natural nature
(c) Pressure of work
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

4. Stress weakens our ……………. power.
(a) physical
(b) mental
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(c) both (a) and (b)

5. Which of these diseases is caused by stress?
(a) Aids
(b) Heart disease
(c) Cancer
(d) T.B.
Answer:
(b) Heart disease.

6. What is the wrong aspect of stress?
(а) An individual stops doing work
(b) One runs away from his responsibilities
(c) Stress causes many diseases
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

7. What can students do to reduce stress?
(а) Going for a morning walk or by doing yoga
(b) We can play with friends
(c) We can talk to family members
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

Fill in the Blanks:

1. ……………… and animals are helpful to each other to live on earth.
Answer:
Humans

2. …………….. vegetation must be protected.
Answer:
Natural

3. Stress can be reduced by doing ………………..
Answer:
morning walk, yoga

4. …………….. can cause heart problems.
Answer:
Stress

5. Stress is a ……………….. phenomena.
Answer:
natural

6. Stress can be ……………… and ……………..
Answer:
fruitful, dangerous

True / False:

1. Stress can cause Aids.
Answer:
False

2. Stress causes tension in individuals.
Answer:
True

3. Work cannot cause stress.
Answer:

4. Stress weakens mental strength.
Answer:
True

5. People run away from responsibilities due to stress.
Answer:
False

6. Humans and animals are helpful to each other.
Answer:
True

Match the Column:

Column A	Column B
(a) Stress	(i) Result of Stress
(b) Pressure of work	(ii) Balance of nature
(c) Heart Disease	(iii) Way to remove stress
(d) Deep Breathing	(iv) State of mind
(e) Animals	(v) Reason of stress

Answer:

Column A	Column B
(a) Stress	(iv) State of mind
(b) Pressure of work	(v) Reason of stress
(c) Heart Disease	(i) Result of Stress
(d) Deep Breathing	(ii) Balance of nature
(e) Animals	(iii) Way to remove stress

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
What is Stress?
Answer:
Any situation which is not according to the expectations of our mind is called stress.

Question 2.
How can stress be reduced?
Answer:
By understanding its cause and finding the solution, stress can be reduced.

Question 3.
Why do we become stressed?
Answer:
When we start considering any problem as pressure, we become stressed.

Question 4.
Give one reason for stress.
Answer:
We come under stress when our aspirations are not fulfilled.

Question 5.
How do we come under stress when compared with others?
Answer:
When we observe that others are becoming more successful, we come in stressed.

Question 6.
What is the impact of stress on an individual?
Answer:
Stress weakens our physical and mental state.

Question 7.
What disease is caused by stress?
Answer:
Stress causes heart disease and blood pressure can go up.

Question 8.
What is the wrong aspect of stress?
Answer:
It stops us from doing work and never lets us fulfill our responsibilities.

Question 9.
Why do students come under stress?
Answer:
The fear of failure, getting fewer marks, not getting the first position in class, etc. are the causes because of which students come under stress.

Question 10.
What should we do to reduce stress?
Answer:
Slowly close your eyes, open eyes after five minutes, or take a deep breath to reduce stress.

Question 11.
How can students reduce stress?
Answer:
By doing morning walks or by doing yoga, students can reduce stress.

Question 12.
What is the balance of nature?
Ans.
It says that humans and other animals depend upon each other.

Question 13.
How can the balance of nature be maintained?
Answer:
If we care about all the natural things, file balance of nature can be maintained.

Question 14.
Give one advantage of natural vegetation.
Answer:
Natural vegetation gives us oxygen.

Question 15.
What is the disadvantage of destroying natural vegetation?
Answer:
Soil erosion will be caused and there will be less rain.

Question 16.
How can natural vegetation be saved?
Answer:
By planting new plants, natural vegetation can be saved.

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Write a note on the condition of stress.
Answer:
Stress is a type of situation which is not according to our mind. It is a situation of mind which we consider a burden. For example, if we become late in doing any work, we come in stressed. Stress can create positive as well as negative conditions for an individual. If we come to know about the reason for stress, we can easily find its solution. But if we are unable to find the reason, the problem becomes a burden for us. It depends upon us that how can we take stress as a helper or a problem.

Question 2.
Give four reasons for stress.
Answer:

We have many aspirations and if they are not fulfilled, we come under stress.
Few people have a natural tendency to remain under stress.
People are under pressure from work and become victims of their boss’s anger. That’s why they come in stress.
The family situation of many individuals is not good and they always remain in tension.

Question 3.
What are the effects of stress?
Answer:

Stress weakens our physical and mental strength and heartbeat fastens as well.
He can’t sleep and starts sweating more. He gets fat. Many diseases can be caused such as stomachache, headache, heart diseases, increase in blood pressure, etc.
We lose a lot of energy in fighting the diseases and we are not able to relieve stress.
The worst part of stress is that it lets us run away from our responsibilities and prevents us from working.

Question 4.
What can students do to avoid stress?
Answer:

We can play with our family members and friends to reduce stress.
They can go out for outings in the natural environment to reduce tension.
We can work with family members, cooperate with them, help them in removing tension.
They can go out for a morning walk, do yoga and take a balanced diet to reduce stress.

Long Answer Type Question:

Question 1.
What are the reasons for stress?
Answer:

We come in stress due to our family situations or neighborhood conditions.
If anyone is teased by peers about our short stature or any part of the body, one can come under stress.
One can come under stress due to adverse circumstances in the country.
We have many aspirations and if they are not fulfilled, we come under stress.
Few people naturally remain under stress.
Few people are under the pressure of work and due to pressure from management, they remain under stress.
If anyone is suffered from any disease or someone has taken a loan from anyone, he remains under stress.
We come in stressed if we are compared with others.

PSEB 10th Class Welcome Life Solutions Chapter 9 Effective Communication

November 18, 2021October 19, 2021 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Welcome Life Book Solutions Chapter 9 Effective Communication Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 10 Welcome Life Chapter 9 Effective Communication

Welcome Life Guide for Class 10 PSEB Effective Communication In Text Questions and Answers

Activity-2

Question 1.
What would you do, if you would be the C.R./monitor of the class?
Answer:
If I would be made the C.R./monitor of the class, I will make the discipline of the class correct because I know who is disturbing the class. Along with this, I will take care of the cleanliness of the class and make sure that no one should throw garbage in class. I will take the help of other students to make the class beautiful.

Question 2.
Which improvement do you want to inculcate in yourself?
Answer:
First of all, I will bring myself under discipline so that others must learn it. If the monitor of the class will not remain in discipline, how to pan other students will remain in the discipline. I will study hard to get good marks and make my teachers and parents happy.

Question 3.
How will you improve the class?
Answer:

I will continually remind others to remain in the discipline.
I will tell them the advantages of keeping a class plan and the disadvantages of having a filthy class.
I will continue to motivate students to study hard and get good marks.

PSEB 10th Class Welcome Life Guide Effective Communication Textbook Questions and Answers

Activity-1

Content—A half glass of water.
Students, write a sentence on this half-filled glass in your notebook. Question: What have you observed?

Question 1.
The glass of water is half empty
Answer:
No, we haven’t written this.

Question 2.
The glass of water is half-filled
Answer:
Yes, we have written this.

Question 3.
Have you written something different ? What is it ……………..
Answer:
No.

Think and Answer:

Question 1.
Who is your dearest Mend in class?
Answer:
Ritesh Chopra is my dearest friend among all the other students in class.

Question 2.
What are the qualities which make you like the person?
Answer:
His behavior is quite good, he speaks softly with others, never uses foul language, always cooperates with others and whenever I required him, he stands with me. That’s why I like him very much.

Question 3.
Whom you don’t like?
Answer:
I don’t like Neel as he always makes fun of others.

PSEB Solutions for Class 10 Welcome Life Effective Communication Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. The meaning of ……………….. is to express one’s views, feelings, etc.
(a) Expression
(b) Interview
(c) Appreciation
(d) Personality.
Answer:
(a) Expression.

2. We can express ……………. with expressions.
(a) views
(b) feelings
(c) point of view
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

3. Not presenting yourself in the right way has a ……….. impact.
(a) Negative
(b) Positive
(c) Sorrow
(d) Pleasure.
Answer:
(a) Negative

4. Hard work brings ……….
(a) appreciation
(b) attainment of goals
(c) success
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

5. Why do students hesitate in giving answers to the questions asked by the teacher?
(a) Lack of self-confidence
(b) Don’t know the answer
(c) Don’t know how to reply
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

6. The process of asking questions before giving a job is known as ………
(a) Interview
(b) Schedule
(c) Questionnaire
(d) Observation.
Answer:
(a) Interview.

7. While talking with someone,…………. is of great importance.
(a) personality
(b) clothes
(c) language
(d) body language
Answer:
(c) language

8. What is required to impress others?
(a) Voice
(b) Facial expressions
(c) Body language
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

9. How to become proficient in practical life?
(a) With continuous practice
(b) With the better ways of speaking
(c) By properly using body language
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

Fill in the Blanks:

1. Expression tells about us…………………
Answer:
personality

2. The main reason for not replying to the questions asked by the teacher is ……………..
Answer:
lack of self-confidence

3. Everyone has his own …………… to look at the things.
Answer:
point of view

4. An individual must have a ………… thinking.
Answer:
positive

5. There is always a proper way of giving …………….
Answer:
interview

6. ……………… of a speaker is of great importance.
Answer:
Language

True/False:

1. It always creates a positive impact when we are unable to express ourselves.
Answer:
False

2. With the proper way of expression, many of our problems can be solved.
Answer:
True

3. All have the same point of view to look at other things.
Answer:
False

4. Our outlook defines our surroundings.
Answer:
True

5. Positive people are liked everywhere.
Answer:
True

Match the Column:

Column A	Column B
(a) Communication	(i) Soft
(b) Loss	(ii) Testing
(c) Expression	(iii) Way of Talking
(d) Checking	(iv) Manifestation
(e) Voice	(v) Damage

Answer:

Column A	Column B
(a) Communication	(iii) Way of Talking
(b) Loss	(v) Damage
(c) Expression	(iv) Manifestation
(d) Checking	(ii) Testing
(e) Voice	(i) Soft

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
What do you mean by Expression?
Answer:
The meaning of the expression is to express one’s views, feelings, ideas in front of others.

Question 2.
When do we have a negative impact on someone?
Answer:
When we are unable to express ourselves in front of others.

Question 3.
What is the advantage of expressing oneself in a better way?
Answer:
One does great progress in life.

Question 4.
Masterji asked the students to write the districts of which state?
Answer:
He asked the students to write the districts of Punjab.

Question 5.
From whom did Ravinder ask for a copy?
Answer:
Ravinder asked Pargat for a copy to do his work.

Question 6.
Who told the names of all the districts correctly?
Answer:
Pargat Singh told the names of all the districts correctly and the teacher praised him as well.

Question 7.
Why was Pargat Scolded?
Answer:
Pargat was scolded because he was unable to keep his point of view.

Question 8.
What should we do to avoid trouble?
Answer:
We must know how to keep our case firmly.

Question 9.
Students do not reply to the questions asked by the teacher. Why?
Answer:
Because they lack self-confidence, don’t know the answer, or don’t know how to express themselves.

Question 10.
How can we develop the skill of self-expression in students?
Answer:
They must be asked to take part in different activities to develop this skill.

Question 11.
How can we come to know about one’s personality?
Answer:
From the point of view of looking at an object, we can easily come to know about one’s personality.

Question 12.
What kind of human attitude should be?
Answer:
An individual must have a positive attitude.

Question 13.
What do our teachers expect from us?
Answer:
They expect that we should have a positive attitude.

Question 14.
What type of people are negative-minded individuals?
Answer:
They always try to find problems in others.

Question 15.
What is the advantage of being optimistic?
Answer:
All respect him and he becomes popular among all.

Question 16.
What is meant by Interview?
Answer:
When someone is asked few questions on any issue and he replies to those questions, it is called an interview.

Question 17.
What affects the person speaking in front of you?
Answer:
Our language greatly affects the person speaking in front of us.

Question 18.
What should be kept in mind in order to influence someone?
Answer:
Our language and body language.

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Write a note on the importance of expression?
Answer:
The meaning of the expression is to express one’s ideas, views, and feelings of others. Our way of expression tells about someone’s personality. If we want to make our personality impressive, it is a must to have an ability of self in ourselves. Many times, this quality is there in oneself but we are hardly aware of it and that’s why we are unable to express ourselves. One can achieve great success with a better way of expression. That’s why express is of great importance.

Question 2.
Generally, students don’t reply to the questions asked by the teachers. What are its reasons?
Answer:

Lack of Self Confidence. Maybe students lack self-confidence and are unable to express their views.
Don’t know the answer. Maybe students have not read the chapter and don’t know the correct answer.
Doesn’t know how to express himself. Maybe he knows the answer but hardly knows the way to express himself. That’s why he doesn’t reply.

Question 3.
Write a note on Positive attitude.
Answer:
Everyone has his own point of view of looking at things. If a person likes an object and finds many qualities in it, then it is called a positive attitude. But if he sees flaws in the item and doesn’t like it, it’s called a negative attitude. The way a person looks at an object describes his or her personality. If a person has a negative attitude then he cannot progress in life. But if his outlook on life is positive, he will surely make progress in life.

Question 4.
“Our perspective defines our surroundings.” Explain the comment.
Answer:
There is no denying the fact that our perspective defines our surroundings. For example, a glass of water is half empty or half full it determines a person’s point of view. If a person sees half-empty glass, he is a negative thinking person but if the glass is half full, he is a positive-minded person. A person with positive thinking always finds qualities among others but a negative-minded person always tries to find deficiencies among others. It helps in the development of a right or wrong personality and we do progress accordingly.

Question 5.
What is the result of our positive attitude?
Answer:
Due to our positive or negative attitude, we like or dislike few people. If we have a positive attitude, we do not find mistakes among others. We even overlook petty issues. On contrary, the person with a negative attitude always tries to find mistakes in others. People with a positive attitude are always respected, become popular, and does progress in life.

Question 6.
How our language affects other people?
Answer:
When we communicate with others, our language affects others. We should use very light words if we want to have a good effect on our personality. There should be sweetness in our voices. All this has a great effect on the development of our personality. Our way of talking affects our personality and relations with others.

Question 7.
What are the two effective ways to communicate effectively?
Answer:

Language. Language plays the most important role in communicating with others. If we have softness, calmness in our language then others will definitely be influenced. But if we use foul language, then others will hate us.
Body language. Our body language is also important ineffective communication. What type of facial expressions do we have while talking to others, what kind of gestures do we make end how do we explain things with gestures, also influence others.

Long Answer Type Question:

Question 1.
What effective methods should be used while doing interviews?
Answer:
At the time of the interview, the following steps should be used :

Questions should be simple and to the point.
The language of questions should be simple.
If the interview is for a job, then job-related qualities should be looked into.
Respect should be given while questioning.
Answers to questions should be given with full confidence.
Answers should be given with a smile.
Talk politely and say thank you while going out of the interview.
If you don’t know the answer, then politely tell that you don’t know the answer.

PSEB 10th Class Welcome Life Solutions Chapter 8 Problem Solving

November 18, 2021October 19, 2021 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Welcome Life Book Solutions Chapter 8 Problem Solving Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 10 Welcome Life Chapter 8 Problem Solving

Welcome Life Guide for Class 10 PSEB Problem Solving In Text Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Who was bothered by Robin’s habit?
Answer:
His parents, grandparents, and younger sister were bothered by his habit.

Question 2.
Can Robin’s begrudging behavior be justified?
Answer:
No, Robin’s begrudging behavior cannot be justified. We must not get angry over petty things. Instead, we must not give much importance to them. If not, it will reduce love and increase hardness.

Question 3.
Who taught Robin to control his anger?
Answer:
Robin learned to control his anger from his dogs who after fighting for food, started playing with each other.

Question 4.
Students, what did you learn from this story?
Answer:
This story tells us that we must get angry in any case. After becoming angry, we are just like rotten and squeezed tomatoes with a bad smell.

Question 5.
How do you feel after fighting with anyone?
Answer:
After fighting with anyone, we become rotten and squeezed tomato with a bad smell. It means that after getting angry, the person’s state of mind deteriorates and he does the thing which he should not do. Anger does not benefit anyone but harms everyone.

Question 6.
After recess, you find a book was missing in your bag, what will you do?
Answer:
First of all, I will try to find here and there, ask other students about the book and if there is no clue, I will reach my teachers to report the matter.

Question 7.
You reach the school late. How will you enter the class?
Answer:
If I reach late for school, I will tell the true reason to the teacher that why I am late. The teacher will definitely listen to me and let me sit in class.

PSEB 10th Class Welcome Life Guide Problem Solving Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write down your fears and anxieties in your notebook that bother you all day.
Answer:

The first fear is that something unexpected will happen.
The second reason is that I don’t fall behind in class. I always stand first in class and I have a fear that someone might cross me. That’s why I always remain in fear.
I am always afraid that my boss will get angry with me and fire me. In this way, there is a fear inside each person that bothers them.

Question 2.
What is the importance of concentration in our life?
Answer:
Concentration means being completely focused. Concentration is much necessary to do any work. We can’t do anything without concentration even if it is to study, do business, do research or do anything. It takes concentration to do every type of work. Whether we do one thing or many things, we will not be able to complete the work. In this way, we can say that concentration is of great importance in our lives.

Question 3.
What will you do to increase your concentration?
Answer:
We cannot get success in life without concentration. That’s why we must do exercise. We must focus on our goal. We must not think. What others are doing. Expertise in every task can only be acquired through practice. In this way, concentration can be acquired through practice.

True / False:

1. Work hard to reduce the fear of failure. The fear will go away.
Answer:
True

2. Sometimes fear is also beneficial for us.
Answer:
True

3. A soldier accepts that service to the country is more valuable than his life. He is not afraid of death during the war. In this way, fear can be avoided even by knowing more about fear.
Answer:
True

4. Fear is very difficult to control.
Answer:
False

5. When you grow up, all fears disappear by themselves.
Answer:
False

6. A balanced diet, walks, sound sleep, meditation, etc. are very important to increase concentration.
Answer:
True

7. Concentration cannot be increased.
Answer:
False

PSEB Solutions for Class 10 Welcome Life Problem Solving Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. ………………….. is a state of mind in which a person feels restless and moves away from peace.
(a) Anger
(b) Happiness
(c) Jealousy
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Anger.

2. There is always a …………… of being angry.
(a) profit
(b) loss
(c) jealousy
(d) peace.
Answer:
(b) loss.

3. From whom did Robin learn?
(a) Friends
(b) Dogs
(c) Neighbours
(d) Parents.
Answer:
(b) Dogs.

4. What can be done to keep control?
(a) Positive approach
(b) Read good books
(c) Breathing
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

5. …………… is the notion of any loss In the future.
(a) Fear
(b) Anger
(c) Jealousy
(d) Peace.
Answer:
(d) Peace.

6. Many a time …………… is also fruitful.
(a) anger
(b) fear
(e) peace
(d) jealousy
Answer:
(b) fear.

7. …………… was the teacher of Kauravas and Pandavas.
(a) Dronacharya
(b) Kripacharya
(c) Bhishma
(d) Dhritrashtra.
Answer:
(a) Dronacharya.

Fill in the Blanks:

1. ………………. can be increased.
Answer:
Concentration

2. To increase concentration ……………… is a must.
Answer:
meditation

3. The meaning of ……………… is completely thinking about anything.
Answer:
concentration

4. ………………… reminds us of any loss in the future.
Answer:
Fear

5. We must have a ………………. thinking.
Answer:
positive

True / False:

1. Fear is the imagination of any loss in the future.
Answer:
True

2. We must read good books to keep control of our anger.
Answer:
True

3. Concentration cannot be increased in any way.
Answer:
False

4. Anger destroys peace of mind.
Answer:
True

5. There are profits of anger.
Answer:
False

Match the Column:

Column A	Column B
(a) Anger	(i) Understanding properly
(b) Complaint	(ii) State of Mind
(c) Focus	(iii) Reading Good Books
(d) Concentration	(iv) Protest
(e) Positive thinking	(v) Attention

Answer:

Column A	Column B
(a) Anger	(ii) State of Mind
(b) Complaint	(iv) Protest
(c) Focus	(i) Understanding properly
(d) Concentration	(v) Attention
(e) Positive thinking	(iii) Reading Good Books

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
What is Anger?
Answer:
Anger is a state in which a person feels very nervous and goes far away from the place.

Question 2.
What is the loss of being angry?
Answer:
In this case, he suffers such a loss which he has to bear for a long time.

Question 3.
When do we become angry?
Answer:
We become angry when we don’t get what we want.

Question 4.
What was the problem with Robin?
Answer:
He used to become angry on petty issues.

Question 5.
What did Robin learn from dogs?
Answer:
Robin learns that we must not become angry. Instead, we must live with each other.

Question 6.
What is a loss of thinking bad of someone?
Answer:
Having a bad thought of someone will also make our mind dirty which will only harm us.

Question 7.
Tell one way to keep control of anger.
Answer:
Read good books and keep positive thinking.

Question 8.
What happens when we apply methods to control anger?
Answer:
It brings mental and behavioral change to an individual.

Question 9.
What happens with adopting the qualities like tolerance and humility?
Answer:
It removes mental disorders in an individual and develops his personality.

Question 10.
What is fear?
Answer:
Fear is the imagination of any loss in the future.

Question 11.
What should we do if something makes us angry?
Answer:
We should take ourselves away from that thing.

Question 12.
How can we overcome the fear?
Answer:
By understanding the reason, we can overcome the fear.

Question 13.
What is meant by concentration?
Answer:
Concentration is the fixed state of our mind when all our powers are in a state of focus.

Question 14.
What is the advantage of concentration?
Answer:
With concentration, we can achieve our goals.

Question 15.
What is the loss of lack of concentration?
Answer:
One cannot achieve his goals and remains unsuccessful.

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Discuss the state of anger.
Answer:
Anger is a state in which a person feels very nervous and restless and goes far away from peace. In this case, he suffers such a loss which he has to bear for a long time. Actually, we get angry when don’t get what we want. In such a situation, we lose our temper and do wrong things.

Question 2.
Tell few methods of keeping control and anger.
Answer:

Always keep a positive approach to anything.
We must read good books.
Keep a hobby and spend time in that hobby.
When you become angry, take a deep breath and count from one to ten.
When you become angry, drink water slowly.

Question 3.
What changes come in an individual when he comes to know about controlling anger?
Answer:
When someone comes to know about keeping control of anger, he feels many changes in his mental and behavioral aspects. If we adopt qualities like humility and tolerance, we Can remove many of our shortcomings and can develop our personalities. With this, we can create such a society that is full of responsible citizens who can live happily and enjoy their lives.

Question 4.
Write a small note on fear.
Answer:
Everyone is afraid of anything. Fear is nothing but an imagination of having lost in the future and this imagination remains there in everyone’s mind. But we must overcome this fear. Many times this fear is having many advantages as well. Fear makes us aware of the danger which will come in the future. But we must not allow fear to overwhelm us. Fear can be easily eliminated if we understand the cause of fear carefully.

Question 5.
How should we find the solution to our problems?
Answer:

First of all, we need to be well aware of our problem.
Then we should try to find a solution to that problem with full attention, confidence, and patience.
Sometimes multiple solutions to a problem are found. So, we need to choose the best solution out of all the available solutions.
While finding a solution, we must keep in mind that the solution must be according to our needs and resources.

Question 6.
Explain the power of concentration with an example.
Answer:
The meaning of concentration is focussing all the powers of the mind on one thing. We have a great example of the power of concentration in Mahabhartha when teacher Dronacharya took an archery test of Kauravas and Pandavas. He put one bird far away with a diamond eye and asked all of them what they are looking for. Then only Aijun replied that he could only see the bird’s eye. It clearly tells us about Aijun’s power of concentration and that’s why he becomes the great Archer.

Long Answer Type Question:

Question 1.
Discuss the story of Maulvi Ji to control anger which is given in the chapter.
Answer:
During earlier times, children visited Maulvi Ji to take education. Maulvi Ji asked his students whether they are angry with someone or not. Many students always replied positively to his question. Then Maulvi Ji asked them to bring one tomato from their home. The next day, when students brought tomatoes, Maulvi Ji asked only those students to wrap the tomato, write their names on it and keep it in the bag who are angry with someone.

After many days Maulavi Ji asked his students to take out tomatoes from their bags. When tomatoes were brought out, they were completely rotten and were smelling. Then Maulavi Ji asked his students that anger makes us like rotten tomatoes who will smell. Our minds will also become like rotten tomatoes. It is of no profit but it brings loss to us. In this way, children realized what Maulvi Ji wanted to say and they stopped becoming angry at each other.

Athletics Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

October 20, 2021October 19, 2021 by Prasanna

Athletics Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 1.
Describe the various officials for the athletics competition.
Answer:
Officials:
The following officials are needed to conduct an athletic event-
Administrative Officials:

Manager
Secretary
Technical Manager

Officials for the Meet:

Referee for Track Events
Referee for Field Events
Referee for Walking Events
Judge for Track Events
Judge for Field Events
Judge for Walking Events
Umpire
Time-keeper
Starter
Asstt. Starter
Markman
Lap Scorer
Recorder
Marshal

Additional Officials :

Announcer
Official Surveyor
Doctor
Stewards

Question 2.
Mention the Track events for men and women in Athletics competitions.
Answer:
Track Events for Men:

100 Metre Race
200 Metre Race
400 Metre Race
800 Metre Race
1500 Metre Race
3000 Metre Race
5000 Metre Race
10000 Metre Race
42195 Metre or 26 Mile Race
3000 Metre Steeple Chase
20.0 Metre Walking
30.0 Metre Walking
50.0 Metre Walking

Track Events for Women :

100 Metre Race
200 Metre Race
400 Metre Race
800 Metre Race
1500 Metre Race

Hurdle Races for Men :

110 Metre Hurdle Race
200 Metre Hurdle Race
400 Metre Hurdle Race

Hurdle Races for Women :

100 Metre Hurdle Race
200 Metre Hurdle Race

Relay Races for Men :

4 x 100 Metre
4 x 200 Metre
4 x 400 Metre
4 x 800 Metre
4 x 1500 Metre

Relay Races for Women:

4 x 100 Metre
4 x 200 Metre
4 x 400 Metre

MEDLEY RELAY RACE :
800 X 200 x 200 x 400

Question 3.
What are the general rules of Race?
Answer:
Rules of Track Events:
The rules of track events for the athletes are as follows-

1. Athletes should wear such clean clothes as are not subject to any objection.

2. Athletes can participate in a game with foot on feet. The footwear should be such as provides no additional help to the players in the game.

3. A player who causes an obstruction for other players or obstructs the progress of any player may be disqualified.

4. Each athlete should bear marks distinctly on his chest and back.

5. In lane races, a player shall have to confine himself to his lane from the beginning to the end of a play.

6. If a player knowingly runs out of his lane, he is disqualified. If, in the opinion of the referee, he has not done it knowingly, the referee may or may not disqualify him.

7. A player leaving his track of his own will is not allowed to continue his race.

8. If track and field events start simultaneously, a judge may allow an athlete to take part in a different way.

9. A point is scored against an athlete who makes an unnecessary delay in field events, and he is not permitted to take part in the trial. If he persists in it, he shall not be permitted to participate in one more trial, but his first performance shall be reckoned

10. The athletes are forbidden to use or even keep with them intoxicants and other such drugs. An athlete who makes use of such drugs may be disqualified.

11. In 800 metre race, the starter shall say in his own language: “On your marks”…. “set”, and the pistol shot is fired and the athletes start the race. For races above 800 metres only these words shall be uttered: “On our marks”, and when the players are ready, the pistol shot shall be fired.

12. An athlete should not touch the ground in front or start line with his hands or feet when he is in the position of “on your marks”.

13. If an athlete crosses the start line before the pistol shot, his start shall be a foul all athletic are given a warning for it. If any body does it twice he may be disqualified.

14. The position of the players is decided on the finish line. A player touching the finish line first with any part of his body is considered to have reached across first.

15. In hurdle race, are player may be disqualified if he obstructs other competitors by extending his hand and feet, covers the hurdle of the other player’s lane, and if, in the opinion of the referee, fells that hurdle knowingly.

16. A player cannot be disqualified if the hurdles fall due to other reasons than rules mentioned above.

17. he referee can order for replay of the race in case a player has obstructed another player.

18. If the number of participants in throw events is excessive, the referee fixes qualifying marks, and six chances are given in the end.

19. If a racer continues to throw hurdles not with his hands but with his feets, he cannot be disqualified.

20. An athlete is barred from participating in the race if he takes start fouls twice

Question 4.
In how many categories can we divide Athletics?
Answer:
There are long jump, high jump, triple jump and pole vault in field events for men. For women, there are long jump and high jump. In throwing events for men, there are shot put, javelin throw and hammer throw. Only hammer throw is not meant for women.

Decathlon for men:
In Decathlon there are ten events which the athlete has to complete in two days.
First day events:

100 metre Race
Long Jump
Shot-put
High Jump
400 metre race

Second day events:

110 metre Hurdle
Discus throw
Pole vault
Jevelin throw
1500 metre Race

Hepatathelon for women:
In Hepathelon there are seven events which the Athlete has to complete in two days.
First day events:

100 metre hurdle
Long Jump
Short-put

Second day events:

200 metre Race
Jevelin throw
800 metre race

Question 5.
Draw a diagram of 200 metre Track and 400 metre Track.
Answer:
Track for 200 metres:
The length of this track is 94 metre while the breadth is 53 metre-
PSEB 10th Class Physical Education Solutions Athletics 1

Total running distance = 200 metres
Length of sides = 40 metres
Space covered by the sides = 40 x 2 = 80 metres
Space covered by the corners = 120 metres

Track for 400 metres:
Minimum dimensions = 17.40 x 90.40 metres
Total running distance = 400 metres
Straight length = 80 metres
Distance of both sides = 160 metres
Distance of curves = 240 metres
Diameter = 38.18 metres
Radius of the running distance = 38.18 metres
Marking radius = 37.88 metres

Question 6.
What do you mean by sprints?
Answer:
PSEB 10th Class Physical Education Solutions Athletics 3
You can obtain creditable achievements by sprinting under the ; conditions of the competition, and by developing strength and stamina. through heavy hurdles instead of focusing attention on the method of running. The basic aspects of a race include the pace and length of steps in addition to the starting technique. Many players learn to acquire efficiency in sprinting at high speed. Don’t waste much time in the training of running outside the blocks.

Developing Speed: Run a sprint 10 yards off the rolling start, and record the time. You can run a number of sprints.
Leg-action: Clear a track of 70 yards. Coming out of 15 yard rolling start, run a sprint on the cleared track. Mark the footsteps. You will see that the length of footsteps after having increased comes 4 to definite length.
The length of footsteps and the speed of legs are co-related. These are determined chiefly by the length of legs, flexibility and strength of hips. You can hope to increase to some extent, to an important extent, the length of your steps, if you increase through training the flexibility and strength of hips and keep a steady pace in the lane.

The following methods may be useful :
(i) Movements of Arms:
The movements of arms in sprinting is essential to keep the body in action. It is a common practice with the racers to move the arms backward and forward of their bodies by moving these briskly at 90° ahead. While bringing the arm back, it should be straightened and then bent at the angle of the wrist. But it develops naturally in co-ordination between pace of legs and time.

(ii) The Start:
The movement of front foot is seen in figures 3 and 4, and it is an important aspect of efficient start. Keeping the blocks depends upon the length of your arms and legs, and to a certain extent upon your strength. Keep the blocks in such a way that the front block is 18 inches behind the line, and the rear about 36 inches away from the line. Continue practising with these distances till you develop good rate for your body and strength.

Bend your body, in the condition shown in figure 2, to such an extent that most of the weight falls on arms and the hips raised be above the shoulders. Now remember that the front knee forms an angle of 90°. In this condition, the face of the front block is at 60°, and of the rear block perpendicular. Raise the shoulders as much as possible. Increase the extra length of arms by straightening each hand.

(iii) Training:
You can acquire efficiency in sprinting by getting training in increasing the speed of your running at full speed on the track. You can prepare a daily routine in accordance with the example given ahead :
Form a rolling start of 6 x 70 yards with the rest intervals of 1 x 180 yards. When you are used to it, repeat it after the rest of 5 minutes. When you are perfectly normal, repeat this schedule thrice. By following it, you can increase the load of the work by steadily decreasing the rest intervals. When you practice in a group with an efficient starter, and the use of the pistol shot, the training for the start of sprint becomes very important.

Some useful practice should be done in the presence of the critics. Of course, each sprinter should be ready to make his start under possible good conditions. Set a standard for your training. Don’t feel satisfied with a little achievement. The training of heavy hurdles is essential for the whole body of a sprinter, particularly for his arms, shoulders and legs. Two practice sessions of at least 40 minutes each per week are essential for it.
PSEB 10th Class Physical Education Solutions Athletics 4

Question 7.
How many events are there in track events? After how many fouls after the wrong start can an athlete be dismissed?
Answer:

Track Events of Races-Short, Middle and Long:
(I) Sprinting.
Sprint is that race which is run at full speed and with full strength. It includes 100 and 200 metre races. Even 400 metre race has come to be included in it now-a-days. In these races, reaction time and speed hold much importance.
(i) Start-
Generally, three types of start are taken in sprints:

Bunch Start
Medium Start
Elongated Start

1. Bunch Start:
For this kind of start the distance between blocks should be 8 to 10 inches. The next block should be 19 inches away from the starting line. The sprinter bends in the block in forward direction so that the toes of his back foot and the heel of the forward foot are in the same line. The hand should form a bridge on the starting line and behind the line. In this start, as soon as the set position is declared, the hips are brought upward. This start is the most unstable.

2. Medium Start:
In the medium start the distance between blocks is from 10 to 13 inches. The distance between the first block and the starting line is about 15 inches. The athletes often make use of this start. In this start, the knee of the lagging leg and the central part of the leading leg are in the same fine. At the set position, hips and shoulders are at the same height.

3. Elongated Start:
The athletes rarely make use of this start. In this type of start, the distance between blocks is 25 to 28 inches. The knee of the lagging leg is in the line with the heel of the leading leg.
Start:
The three types of orders have to be adhered to while taking the start for a race-

On your mark
Set position
Go, with the pistol shot

Finish of the Race:
The finish of the race also holds much importance. Generally, athletes finish the race in the following three ways-

Run through
Lunging
The shoulders string

(II) Middle-distance Races:
Track events include a few middle distance races. The races more than 400 yards and less than 1000 yards fall in this category. They are generally 400 and 800 metre races. These races require both speed and endurance. The athlete possessing both these qualities succeed in such competitions. In the beginning of such a race, uniform speed is maintained and full energy is used to win towards the end of the race. Start for 400 metre race is taken like a sprint start, whereas, the start for 800 metre race can be taken only in standing position. As far as possible, big strides should be taken in this race.

(III) Long-distance Races:
Long-distance races, as the name implies, involve greater distance, and often cover a distance of over a mile. 1500, 3000 and 5000 metre races are long distance races. In these, races, the endurance of the player plays an important role. The player has to utilize his energy and stamina in a planned way. The athletes who become well-versed in this art become successful in long distance races. In long distance races, except at the beginning, an athlete keeps his body straight and little bent in the forward direction, with head straight and eyes towards the track.

Arms are loosely lifted in the forward direction and bent at elbows and hands without tensions.The actions of the arms and legs should be as far as possible without much effort forward. While running, the forward foot should touch the ground. Even the heel touches the ground. More push is, however, taken through the toes. In these races, strides should be short and uniform. The body should remain relaxed during the race.

Question 8.
How many types are there of Hurdle races? Describe briefly.
Answer:
100-Metre Hurdle Race:
The number of hurdles, height and distance for various competition-
PSEB 10th Class Physical Education Solutions Athletics 5
Generally, athletes taking part in hurdle race take 8 strides to reach the first hurdle. While sitting on the starting block, the take off foot is kept in front. If the hurdler has more height and can run faster, the distance in his case can be short. In such a case he will run by keeping his stronger foot on the backward block. This will come two metres behind the hurdle.

For 3 to 5 strides the hurdler should look towards ground and after that he should concentrate on the hurdles. The difference between strides will go on increasing. The last stride, however, will be 6 inches (10 cm.) shorter than the jump. While running a hurdle race, the knee of the runner will be a bit higher than in the ordinary race. Only toes and not the whole foot should touch the ground.

While jumping over the hurdles the athlete should keep the jumping foot straight while elevating the leading foot above the knee. Toes of the foot should be bent towards the ground, and leading foot should be straightened and brought above the hurdle. The upper part of the body should be bent forward just after crossing the hurdle. The forward thigh should be pressed down so that the toes remain beside the hurdle after it has been crossed.

At the same time lagging leg, bending at the knee should be kept parallel to the ground, and the knee should be brought near the chest. In this way, when the foot crosses the hurdle, the runner will run faster. After having crossed the hurdle, the first stride should fall at a distance of 1.55 to 1.60 metres, the second stride at 2.10 metres, and the third stride at 2.00 metres (12 m., 13.72 m., 9.14 m., 14.20 m.)
PSEB 10th Class Physical Education Solutions Athletics 6
In 400-metre hurdle race the most difficult problem a hurdler faces, is to synchronise his strides, that is, to set coordination among strides. The runners generally take 21 to 23 strides to cover the distance upto the first hurdle and take 13 to 15 or 17 strides between the hurdles. Some runners take 14 and then 16 strides for covering this distance. Jumping by right foot may prove to be more beneficial.

The jump is taken from 2 metres and the first stride on the ground, after crossing the hurdle, is of 1.20 metres. The technique is the same as that of 110 m. or 100 m. hurdle races. The time of 400 metre hurdle races is more than that of 400 metre race, by 2.5 to 3.5 seconds.
PSEB 10th Class Physical Education Solutions Athletics 7

Question 9.
How 6 many events are there in field events?
Answer:
LONG JUMP:

Length of Runway
Breadth of Runway
Length of Pit
Breadth of Pit
Length of take of Board
Breadth of take of Board

Method of Long Jump:
To strengthen the jumping foot, the same method will be followed in long jump as is followed in high jump. First of all, the jumping foot is kept forward and the other foot behind it. The right foot is taken upward with a bend at the knee, and at the same time the right arm will be bent at the elbow. The method will be the same as is that of fast runners. This action will be performed first in the standing position, and then by walking four to five steps. When this action improves, it should be repeated to running while running a bit.

This time while going upward, the ground should not be touched:
(1) Running 6-7 steps, coming forward and jumping from the height, the athlete shall touch the ground. Repeating this action for some time, he will bring the jumping foot alongwith the other foot on the ground while landing on the ground.
(2) After the athletes have done the above action many times, a handkerchief shall be tied with the pole at more than the jumping height. The athletes shall be asked to jump and touch the handkerchief. By doing this, they will learn to jump and keep the upper part of the body straight.
PSEB 10th Class Physical Education Solutions Athletics 8
METHOD OF LANDING:
The athletes shall’stand on the edge of the pit with both the feet in line and swing their arms backward and forward. They will bow at the knees and carry both arms behind. Afterwards, they shall bend their knees a bit more, take arms forward and then upward, and then shall jump intathe pit. As the athlete goes up into the air, he will bring the free foot behind and downward so that it may join the jumping foot.

The jumping foot shall remain with the knees, and the upper part of the body shall be straight. When the athlete goes up, both of his knees will be bent and in line with the thighs. Both arms will be on the head sides and upward. The body shall be bent back, and as the athlete is just going to jump in the pit he will carry the free leg forward, bending at the knee, his belly downward, and will try to rest his straightened leg in the air.

METHOD OF HITCH KICK:

After jumping, split in the air, feet forward and backward, the athlete shall bend on free foot, but his upper part of the body and head will be straight and will not go backward.
Now the athlete will keep the free foot in the air and land with jumping foot taken forward.
The other methods shall be the same as told above, except that at the time of landing free foot will be brought with the take-off foot and both feet will land together. All other methods shall be the same as described in the hang. The athletes should go on increasing the approach rim.
After having repeated the above actions, this should be done with the help of spring boards such as gymnasts do. In the absence of spring boards this can be done from a height so that the athletes may have good practice of right action in the air.

TRIPLE JUMP:

Approach Run:

Length of Runway = 40 m to 45 metre
Breadth of Runway = 1.22 metre
Length of Pit = From take board to Pit = 21 metre
Breadth of Pit = 2.75 to 3 metre
Length of take of Board = 11 to 13 m
Length of take of Board = 1.22 m.
Breadth of take of Board = 20 c.m.

As in the long jump, approach run will be used in triple jump, too, but the speed shall be neither very fast nor very slow. Length of the Approach Run. An approach run of 18 to 22 or 40 to 45 steps is used in the triple jump. It depends upon the speed of the runner. Slow speed runner will take long approach and fast speed runner will take short approach. The athletes shall run by keeping both feet together and maintain a uniform running speed.

The upper part of the body shall remain erect. While taking of, the knee will be bent less as compared to the one in the long jump. While taking off and hop step, the weight of the body will be on the back and both the arms shall also be at the back. The second leg coming fast in the air will form a split position.
Three techniques are chiefly in vogue in triple jump-

Flat Technique
Steep Technique
Mixec Technique

HIGH JUMP:

Length of Runway = 15 to 25 m
Each side of triangle Cross Bar = 30 M.M.
Length of Cross Bar = 3.98 to 4.02 m
Weight of Cross Bar = 2 Kg
Length of Pit =5 m
Breadth of Pit = 4 m
Height of Pit = 60 cm

1. All the trainees shall be asked to first jump on their both legs: After they have got some practice, they will be asked to jump on one leg. It should be kept in mind that while jumping, the upper part of the body should be kept straight. All the trainees should be divided on the basis of the taking off foot with which they feel comfortable :

Jumpers on left foot
Jumpers on right foot

2. The trainees shall keep their take-off foot forward and the other foot behind:
They will bring both arms bent at the elbow forward and then upward with speed. At the same time they will kick the other foot upward, and after jumping in the air, will come back on the ground on the same foot. At this time the knee of the take off foot will be slightly bent. The upper part of the body will be straight, and will rise up ahead and will come back at the same place. While going upward, the jumper should try to keep the waist and the forward foot in straight position.

3. Standing at an angle of 45°, the right foot jumpers on the right side and the left foot jumpers on the left side, moving forward, shall jump over the cross bar kept at a height of 2 feet, and come back on the ground on the same take off foot. The only difference will be that instead of falling on their places they will cross the bar, and the other foot, as they fall, will come 10 to 12 inches forward of the first and will move ahead.

4. The height of the cross bar will be increased: The athletes will be asked to elongate the take off foot while taking off. The heel should come on the ground first. Both the arms should be bent at the elbows. While jumping, the athletes should concentrate on the cross bar, with the head leaning behind and the toes of the foot upward and straight.

Points to be remembered:
The following points should be kept in mind-

Both the arms will be taken upward quickly.
The take off foot will leave the ground only when free leg reaches its full height.
The above activity will also be done while jogging.

5. Crossbar. Keeping the crossbar 2 feet (60 cm.) high, the players shall jump over the crossbar as explained in 3, and then will rotate 90° in the air while coming in the pit. Hie players taking off by left foot will turn towards the left, and the players taking off by right foot, towards the right.
The following two points shall be borne in mind:

The players should not rotate while taking off.
They should not rotate before reaching maximum height.

6. The athlete will stand keeping taking off foot forward but he will keep in mind that the weight of the body should be on the heel, and that they will kick upward with kick upward with free leg so that the whole body gets lifted up the ground.

7. A parallel line shall be marked on the ground. The athletes shall do the above mentioned action while standing on the right of this line. Reaching up in the air, the athlete will rotate the take-off foot towards the left, keeping his face down and lift the back foot up with a kick. In this, it shall be kept in mind that free leg is kicked straight. The take off leg will be kicked straight and will be taken up by bending it on the knee. The athletes can do it in the pit after jumping over the crossbar, because by taking fast kick, his balance may go off.

8. Jumping from three steps. Parallel to the crossbar, a line shall be drawn at a distance of 1 to 2 feet (45 to 60 cm.). The athlete will stand with both his feet at an angle of 30° with this line. Putting forward his take off foot, he will run with medium speed. The position of the third foot will be marked. Keeping both the feet on this position, the athlete will advance towards the crossbar and repeat the above mentioned activity. The height of the crossbar will go on increasing according to the convenience of the player.

POLE VAULT:

Length of Runway = 40 to 45 m
Breadth of Runway = 1.22 m
Landing Area = 5 x 5 m
Length of Cross Bar = 4.48 x 4.52 m
Size of one side of triangle Cross Bar = 30 M.M.
Weight of Cross Bar = 2.25 Kg
Height of Landing area = 61 to 91 cm
Length of vaulting Box = 1.08 m
Breadth of the Box from = 60 cm

Runway side:
In athletics pole vault is a very complex event. No other event while taking off in the pit needs so many activities as this event does. Therefore, it is difficult to learn and teach this event.

Selection of Athletes for Pole Vault:
An all-rounder alone can become a good pole vaulter as this is an event which maintains the stamina of the bodies in all ways such as speed, strength, endurance and co-ordination. A pole vaulter needs to be a good gymnast so that he may perform all activities at a time.

Holding and carrying the Pole:
Generally a pole is held in the left hand keeping the palm towards the ground. The right hand is placed beside the hip on the back and at the end of the pole. While holding the pole the left arm forms an angle of 100° with the elbow. The pole is held keeping the wrist straight and away from the body. With the right hand, the pole is pressed downward between the thumb and the first finger. Both the elbows form an angle of 100°. The distance between the two hands is from 24 inches (60 cm.) to 36 inches (80 cm.). This distance depends upon the body structure of the athlete and his comfort while running with the pole.

Running with the pole:

Walking with the pole kept overhead. It takes more time to carry the pole into the box. Therefore, it is not a very suitable method.
Walking with the pole kept at the level of head. Most of the pole vaulters in the world follow this method. While walking, the 1 pole is kept the level of head and in the line with the left shoulder. From right to left. In it, shoulders and arms remain in normal position.
Walking with the pole kept below the head. It exerts more pressure on arms which tires the body as one approaches the box. A very few athletes use it into practice.

Approach-run:
A pole-vaulter becomes self-confident when he starts getting correct approach run. The further action can be thought of later on. The best method for this is to make the athlete run with the pole for a distance of over 150 feet (50 metre) along a marked line (with the lime) on the ground.

By doing this action for some days the athlete’s foot will .touch the ground at the required position. Measure this distance with the tape and then work on the runway of the pole vault. The approach run has also to be increased or decreased alongwith the feet. There should be only one check mark in the approach run of the pole vault. If there are more marks, then the athlete instead of thinking about his style continues to think about the marks. The length of the approach run should be 40 to 45 metres. The athlete should be faster during his last 4 or 5 strides.

Pole Plant:
It is not possible to plant the pole with full speed. The speed has to be limited for doing it. The pole planting should be fast in case of steel pole and slow in case of a fibre glass pole. While planting steel pole the athlete should count “1 and 2”. On 1 he will take off his left foot and the knee of the right foot will lift upward. On 2 his body will start swinging. At this point the pole vaulter should leave his right leg free so that it may meet the left one. It facilitates better swinging.

Take off:
While taking off, the right knee should come forward. In this the body is lifted and the chest is pulled towards the pole. While leaving the ground, the hand and the arm are straightened. During the swing the right leg lifts upward.

Note:
While poling the athletes lift their hips first while their legs should come upwards and the hips should be kept down. The pole vaulter should keep in mind that he should remain with the pole until it becomes straight. While leaving the pole, he should free the downward hand first. It has been observed that many fresh pole vaulters take their back above the cross bar. It happens as a result of freeing the upper hand first.

Question 10.
Discuss the throw events in Athletes and mention their respective Rules.
Answer:

	Men	Women
1. Weight of Shot-put	7.260 kg. ± 5 gm.	4 kg. ± 5 gm.
2. Agnle of Throwing sector	34.92°	34.92°
3. Radius of circle	2.135 m ± 5 M.M.	–
4. Length of stop board	1.21 to 1.23 M.M.	–
5. Bredth of stop board	112 to 300 M.M.	–
6. Height of stop board	98 to 102 M.M.	–
7. Curcumference of shot-put	110 to 130 M.M.	95 to 110. M.M.

1. Initial Position:
The thrower will stand with his back towards the direction of throw. The weight of the body will be. on right foot. While bringing upper part of the body down, the right heel will be lifted and the left leg bent at the knee will go up to meet immediately the right foot. Both the feet will be inclined and the toes bent forward.

2. Glide:
Now the right foot will be straightened, and will come back with the heel of the right foot. The left foot will be kicked fast towards stop board. In sitting position the hips will be falling downwards. The right foot will be lifted up from the ground and will be kept towards the left with bent toes. At the same time the left foot will touch the ground on the right of the stop board. Now the toes of both the feet will be brought on the ground. Both the shoulders will be bent backward. The whole weight of the body will be on the right foot.
3. Final Phase:
The toes and the knee of the right foot will be rotated together towards the left and both the feet will be straightened. The whole weight of the body will be on both “the feet. The left shoulder will open forward. The right shoulder will lift up and rotate. The belly will be bent in the shape of a bow.

4. Putting/Throwing the Shot:
The right shoulder and right arm will go forward towards the shot. The left shoulder will go on advancing. The whole weight of the body will be on the left foot which will be completely straight. As the shot is thrown with right hand, the position of both the feet will change. The left foot will come backward and the right foot forward. Now the body weight will rest on the right foot. Both the upper part of the body and the right foot will remain bent forward.

Throwing the Shot by Rotating or Like a Discus:
1. Initial Position:
At the start the athlete will stand with his back towards the direction of throw. The left foot will be on the center line and the right foot on the right side. The right foot will be placed at 5 to 8 centimetres away from the rim so as to avoid foul while rotating. The shot will be near the lower part of the neck and the elbow will be lifted upward. Before starting, the shoulder, belly, left arm and the shot, all will turn towards the left and then towards the right. While doing so both the knees will remain bent.

2. Rotation:
The body weight will rest on both feet. After taking one swing in the upword direction, the rotation will start. While rotating the upper part of the body, the body weight will shift on the left foot. In this position, the left arm is kept on the left and parallel to the ground, and while shifting the weight on the left toes the athlete will rotate with both knees bent. On the right toes also he will rotate through 90°. The right foot, bent at the knee, will be brought above the left foot.

While rotating on the left foot, on the completion of circle, both feet will be in the air, and the wrist will be rotated. The left foot will be on the toes of the right foot. The position of the toes of the right foot will be the same as the hand of the clock at 2 o’ clock. The foot of Mr. Bahadur Singh remains in the position of 10 o’clock. He rotates his waist even in the air. In the 2 o’clock position the left foot will come on the toes with some delay, but the upper part is kept in the centre. In the position of 10 o’clock the left foot comes fast on the ground, and there is always a possibility that the upper part of the body comes up very soon.

We shall keep the following points in mind :

At the start, walk with maintaining the balance, and keep the left foot down.
The complete glide will be taken with right foot. The jump will not be taken, and the upper part of the body will not be lifted.
The right foot will be bent inward while coming in the centre.
The left shoulder and the hip will not be lifted in haste.
The left arm should be kept near the body.
The left foot will touch the ground neither very fast nor very slowly.

General Rules:
1. In men’s group, the weight of the shot is 7.26 kg. while in women’s group it is 4.00 kg. In men’s group, the diameter of the shot is 110-130 cm. whereas in women’s group it is 95 to 110 cm.

2. The shot is thrown from a circle of 2.135 m. diameter. The inner part will be cemented and 25 mm. lower than the field. The stop board will be 1.22 mm. long, 114 mm. wide, and 100 mm. high.

3. The shot, hammer or the discus will be a sector of 40° angle. From centre a 20 m. line will be marked. On this line a point will be taken at 18.84 m. Two more points at a distance of 6.84 m. on both sides of this point will be taken, and the two lines drawn from these two points shall make an angle of 40°. While throwing the shot the body should be kept in balance. At the fall of the shot on the ground the athletes shall come from behind the 75 cm. lines dividing the field into two parts. Now the shot will be taken in hand. It will remain near the neck and not behind shoulder. It will be considered a foul if the sector lines are touched. If there are eight competitors, 6 chances will be provided to each. If there is a tie, the number of chances may be 9.

Initial Stance of Discus Throw:

Weight of Discus = 2 kg for men and 1 kg for women
Radius of circle = 2.5 metre ± 5 M.M.
Angle of throwing sector = 34.922
Circumference of outside = 219 to 2.21 M.M.
For men 180 of Discus to 182 M.M. for women.

The athlete will stand near the ring and in the circle with his back in the direction of throw. He will take one or two swings, with right arm arid trunk. While doing so, the body weight will shift from one foot to the other, as a result of which heels will be lifted up. When the discus and the upper part of the body are both on the right, the round will start. The round of throw shall start from the lower part, the left leg will be inclined towards the left, the weight of the body will also rest on this foot. The right foot, waist and belly will also rotate, and it will bring along with it the right arm and discus.

It is in this way that the shot activity will start. First of all, the left foot will leave the ground. After this it will advance in the direction of discus throw. The right leg, bent at knee, will advance from left to right in a semi-circle. While rotating both will be ahead of the shoulder. It will cause a bend between the upper and the lower parts of the body. The right arm holding the discus will be straight. The left arm bent at the elbow will face the chest. The head with straight. Placing the right foot a bit above the ground, the thrower will cross the circle and will come on the ground at the toes of the right foot. This foot will come almost in the centre. The toes will be bent towards the left.

Methods:
In main, there are three methods in it:
1. At the start, the trainees keep their right foot at the centre line and the left foot 10 cm. behind the ring.

2. In the second method, the player keeps the centre line between both of their feet.
3. In the third method, the throwers keep their left leg on the centre line. Thus, the players place their feet within the circle in three ways, in the position of 3 o’ clock, in the position of 10 o’ clock and in the position of 12 o’clock. The last position (of 12 o’ clock) is considered i to be the best as it requires less rotation on the right foot and the left shoulder need not be opened. The right foot even after coming on the ground will continue to rotate and the toes of the left foot will touch the ground on left side of the centre line and the end of the circle.
Last Step:
At this time, in the last step, both the feet will be on the ground and the waist will be bent at the back, the left foot will be straight and the right foot bent at the back, the left foot will be straight and the right foot bent at the knee. The right knee and the hip will be in the rotating position in the left. The left arm will be opened upward and the right arm will also be brought upward keeping it away from the body.

Throwing:
Both the feet going ahead in rotation will be straight. Hips will go forward, and shoulders and trunk will have finished rotation. Left arm and shoulder will stop at a position. Right arm and shoulder will advance forward. The body weight will be on the toes and both the feet will be straight. In the end, left foot will come backward and right foot will advance and will bend at the knee. The upper part of the body will be bent forward. This is done to maintain the balance of the body.

General rules:
In men’s group, the weight of the discus is 2 kg. whereas in women’s group it is 1 kg. The diameter of the circle is 2.50 m. These days an iron cage is fitted outside the discus to avoid anybody being hurt or injured with the discus. It is in the shape of the English letter C. Its height is 3.35 m.

Question 11.
Write down about the Javelin throw.
Answer:
Javelin throw:
Javelin is placed near the ear at the level of head with the arm bent at the elbow. Both javelin and the elbow will face forward. The palm of the hand will be upward and parallel to the ground. The total length will be 30-35 m. The athlete shall run straight in the 3/4 th run. In the last, l/3rd part cross steps will be taken equal to five strides. In the last phase when the left foot will touch the check mark, the right shoulder will start leaving towards right and the right arm will start coming at the back. The distance between steps will start increasing.

The right hand and the shoulder will come behind and will open on the right. The waist and the upper part of the body will bend backward. A bend will be formed between upper and lower parts because the upper part will open on the right and the lower part will advance straight ahead. The eyes will remain looking ahead. In the end, the right foot will come in the end of the cross step on the ground. As the knee advances, the heel of the right foot will start lifting up. In this way, it helps the left foot in going to a long distance.

Last Phase:
In the the right foot and straightening it all shall bend the upper body in the backward direction like a bow, and will create tension in the muscles of chest and stomach.

JAVELIN THROW:

Weight of Javelin = 800 g for men and 600 gm, for women
Length of Runway = 30 to 36.50 m
Breadth of Runway =4 m
Length of Javelin = 200 to 270 cm for men. 220 to 230 cm for women
Angle of throwing
sector of Javelin = 28.95

After throwing the javelin, to maintain balance of the body and to avoid foul, the thrower will bring a change in steps. The right leg will come forward and bend at the knee, and the toes will bend on the left. The upper part of the body will bend on the right and keep balance. The right foot can advance forward, too.

GENERAL RULES:

For men the length of javelin is 260 to 2.70 m., and for women, it is 2.20 to 2.30 m.
For throwing javelin we need a path which is 30.5 to 36.50 m. long and 4 m. wide. On the front side there will be a 70 mm. iron arc white in colour and projected 75 cm. on both sides. It can be made of white lime. This line can be drawn 8 m from the centre.
The sector for the javelin is of 29°. It is marked wherever the curve meets. For correct angle at 40 m., the distance between two lines will be 20 m. and at 60 m. it will be 30 m.
The javelin will be thrown by holding it from the central grip. The front end of the javelin should touch the ground. Touching of any part of the body with 50 cm. wide lines or 70 cm. wide line will be deemed as a foul.
The javelin shall remain in the direction of throw from start to finish. The javelin will not be thrown by rotating. It will be thrown from above the shoulders.

Question 12.
What do you know about Relay Races?
Answer:
RELAY RACES:
Men:

4 x 100 metre
4 x 200 metre
4 X 400 metre
4 x 800 metre

Women:

4 x 100 metre
4 x 400 metre

MEDLEY RELAY RACE:
800 x 200 x 200 x 400 metre

Baton:
In all medley relay races the baton has to be carried. Baton should be of a hollow tube and its length should not exceed 30 cm. Its circumference should be 12 cm. and weight should be 50 gm.

Relay Race Track:
The relay race track should be divided or marked by small paths for full circle. If it is not possible, then the baton exchange path should be through narrow paths.

Start of Relay Race:
At the start of the race any part of the baton can cross the initial line, but the baton is not to touch the ground above:
Taking the Baton:
An area is also fixed for taking the baton. This area is marked by drawing a line 10 m. long on both sides of the fixed race distance line. Thus, a type of room is formed for giving and receiving the baton. In relay races up to 4 x 200 metre all the other members of the team excepting the first runner begin to run from outside the fixed area but from a distance less than 10 metre.

Exchange of Baton:
The exchange of baton should take place within the fixed area. Pushing or providing any type of help is forbidden. The runner cannot throw baton to each other. If the baton falls, it will be picked up only by the one who has fallen it.

HURDLE RACES:

High Jump Score Sheet:

Score Sheet (For Height):

Score Sheet (For Distance):
PSEB 10th Class Physical Education Solutions Athletics 30
Score Sheet (Races):

Important Information About the Athletics

No player having taken intoxicating drugs can participate in athletic competition.
An athlete who causes an obstruction in the play of the other athlete is disqualified. An athlete who leaves the track of his own will, cannot continue his race again.
There are two types of events in field events such as jumping and throw events. The events which are run in track are known track events.
The length and breadth of 200 metre track are 40 and 38.15 metres respectively, while for 400 metre track these are 176.36 and 90.40 metres respectively.
The weight of the javelin for boys is 800 gms. and for girls, from 605 to 625 gms. The weight of the discus for boys is 2 kg.
The height of 110 metre hurdles for boys is 1.06 metres and for junior boys, the height of 100 metre hurdles is 0.75 metre. For senior girls this height shall be 0.89 metre.

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Athletics Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB 10th Class Welcome Life Solutions Chapter 7 Decision Making

November 18, 2021October 18, 2021 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Welcome Life Book Solutions Chapter 7 Decision Making Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 10 Welcome Life Chapter 7 Decision Making

Welcome Life Guide for Class 10 PSEB Decision Making In Text Questions and Answers

Look at the story of this picture. Here is a squirrel crossing the road but in the condition of in-decision sometimes it goes forward then comes back. Again goes forward and comes back. It doesn’t decide in which direction should it move. From the front side, there is a car and from the backside, there is a bus. It comes under the tire of the car and dies.

PSEB 10th Class Welcome Life Solutions Chapter 7 Decision Making Img 1

Choose the correct option:

Question 1. The real cause of the squirrel’s death was ………………..
(a) bus
(b) car
(c) indecision
(d) none of these.
Answer:
(c) indecision

Question 2.
Fill the blanks with suitable words:
The squirrel could have escaped if it took …………………. decision at ……………… Time.
Answer:
right, right.

Now discuss these situations in the class and find the better decision and write it down in your worksheets :

Situation 1. A and B, both are your fast friends, but now they are not on speaking terms with each other. A asked you to leave B, while B asked you not to talk to A. Then what will be your decision?
Answer:
I will call them, listen to them, remove the misunderstanding, and will make them friends again.

Situation 2. Tomorrow there will be a mathematics test in your class. You are very intelligent in maths. But your friends decided not to take the test. What will be your decision?
Answer:
I will make them understand that we must give the test. Maybe you could get fewer marks but they will learn new things. I will tell them it is not good in running from the situation but we must face it with great courage.

Dear students! Now let us guess in which profession Avi can be more successful: We will give Avi a score out of 5 for each task.

Work or occupation	Score (1 to 5)
1. Trade	……………………
2. Doctor	……………………
3. Driving	……………………
4. Agriculture	……………………
5. Literary (Acting)	……………………
6. Vehicle/Transportation work	……………………
7. Scientist	……………………
8. Settling Abroad	……………………
9. Mechanic	……………………

Answer:
Do it yourself

You have to give a score to the profession suitable for Avi with a maximum of five marks keeping in view his nature and personality. Another aspect of Avi’s nature is their lack of attention and concentration. He used to think a lot but did not focus on one goal. Aren’t we doing the same? You must think !!!
Answer:
Do it yourself by asking your friends.

PSEB 10th Class Welcome Life Guide Decision Making Textbook Questions and Answers

Part-I

True/False:

1. I will choose the course that my parents say, even if I am not interested in that job.
Answer:
False

2. If I do not become a doctor due to my family or other circumstances, then other courses like medical profession, pharmacist, nursing can also be thought about.
Answer:
True

3. Everything is preplanned by luck in the form of our destiny. So there is no use of taking much tension about work.
Answer:
False

4. I have to choose the same course as my classmates will choose.
Answer:
False

5. What I want to be in life, only I have to choose my path. This applies to me.
Answer:
True

Part-II

Question 1.
What should I do after the tenth?
Answer:
I want to become a manager in a multinational company. That’s why I will pursue commerce, do B.Com. and then M.B.A. to fulfill my dreams. Then I will be able to earn more money and will work according to my wish.

Question 2.
Write down the names of some of the occupations of the people around me.
Answer:

Doctor
Engineer
Manager
Carpenter
Goldsmith
Government job
Dairy fanning
Grocery shop
Teacher/Professor
Shopkeeper

Question 3.
What makes me happier?
Answer:
I want to be a manager in a big company. His work is to check the work and to tell that person to improve in one way or the other.

Question 4.
“Students, answer a question that a man was out of the house and was constantly soaking in the rain. His whole body was wet from the rain. His head was completely bare and there was no turban, safe, hat, or anything on his head to keep his head safe from getting wet. But not a single hair of his head got wet. How can this be possible?”
Answer:
He is not having hair on his head as he is completely bald. Many of such questions can come in front of us for which we are required to use common sense while replying.

PSEB Solutions for Class 10 Welcome Life Decision Making Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. What does an individual need to do to live life?
(a) To do work
(b) To live a luxurious life
(c) To sleep
(d) To remain awake.
Answer:
(a) To do work.

2. What type of work we should do?
(a) Which we like
(b) Which gives more money
(c) Which make us happy
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

3. Why did the King call his sons?
(а) To decide on who will succeed him
(b) To attack another kingdom
(c) To divide the kingdom
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) To decide on who will succeed him.

4. The King decided to make his son the next king.
(a) first
(b) second
(c) third
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) third.

5. What did the third son of King do that he was declared as next heir?
(a) He returned ₹ 100 to his father
(b) He filled the palace with garbage
(c) He filled the palace with fragrance
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) He filled the palace with fragrance.

6. Who said, “Imagination is more important than knowledge.”
(a) Einstein
(b) Galileo
(c) Marrie Curie
(d) Socrate.
Answer:
(a) Einstein.

Fill in the Blanks:

1. Human life is too …………….
Answer:
complex

2. Students must have the quality of …………….
Answer:
common sense

3. Einstein said that ……………… is more important than knowledge.
Answer:
imagination

4. Einstein won the ……………… prize.
Answer:
Nobel

5. Every individual must have the quality of ………………
Answer:
common sense.

True / False:

1. Every student must use the quality of common sense.
Answer:
True

2. Wisdom is required in difficult times.
Answer:
True

3. The king had four sons.
Answer:
False

4. We can reach our goal with continuous efforts.
Answer:
True

5. We must adopt the career of our choice.
Answer:
True

Match the Column:

Column A	Column B
(a) Trade	(i) Understanding
(b) Ability	(ii) Occupation
(c) Dilemma	(iii) Guess
(d) Imagination	(iv) Skill
(e) Common Sense	(v) Double-Mindedness

Answer:

Column A	Column B
(a) Trade	(ii) Occupation
(b) Ability	(iv) Skill
(c) Dilemma	(v) Double-Mindedness
(d) Imagination	(iii) Guess
(e) Common Sense	(i) Understanding

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
What every person has to do to make his living?
Answer:
Every person has to do some work to make his living.

Question 2.
What type of work we should do?
Answer:
We should do that work which could give us more money and happiness.

Question 3.
Tell whether a work is small or big?
Answer:
No, we cannot say that any work is big or small.

Question 4.
What should we keep in mind while adopting a career?
Answer:
While selecting a career we should keep in mind our choice and elder’s experience.

Question 5.
Why did the King decide to check his sons?
Answer:
Because he wanted to choose his heir to the throne.

Question 6.
Why did the King choose his third son to succeed him?
Answer:
Because he took the right decision at right time.

Question 7.
What did the third son do with ₹ 100?
Answer:
He bought, many fragrances with ₹ 100 and kept them in the palace.

Question 8.
How can we develop our personality?
Answer:
We can develop our personality with good qualities.

Question 9.
What will happen if we will adopt good qualities?
Answer:
Bad thoughts will not come into our minds and our personalities will develop automatically.

Question 10.
What type of human life is it?
Answer:
Human life is quite complex and full of challenges.

Question 11.
Who was Albert Einstein?
Answer:
He was a famous physicist who won the Nobel prize.

Question 12.
What did Einstein tell about imagination?
Answer:
He told that imagination is more important than knowledge.

Question 13.
What is the main objective of this chapter?
Answer:
The main objective of this chapter is to create a feeling of common sense among students.

Question 14.
What is the importance of common sense?
Answer:
With common sense, we can solve even major problems with great ease.

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Which career or occupation should we adopt?
Answer:
Every person has to do some work to make his living. That’s why he is required to adopt any occupation. But while adopting an occupation, one needs to keep few things in mind. It will be better if the occupation will be of one’s choice. Also if he gets good money and happiness in it, then there is nothing better than this. In this way, if we take care of these things, we will be able to live a good life by choosing the best occupation.

Question 2.
Who can help us to choose a profession?
Answer:
It is said that no work is small or big but person thinking can be. Our outlook to look at anything should be positive. Then we cannot choose an occupation quite easily. That’s why we can take advice from our parents. We can talk to our teachers or school counselors. We can use the internet, newspapers or T.V. to take the right decision. It will save our time and we will be able to choose a better profession.

Question 3.
Why should a person have the ability of decisions making?
Answer:
There is no denying the fact that a person must have the ability of decision making. If a person makes the right decision at the right time, he will always make progress in life but life can be ruined if the wrong decision is made at the right time. That’s why one can take elders’ help and can talk to counselors to polish his skill of decision making. In this way, he will do great progress in life.

Question 4.
What is the importance of common sense or wisdom in life?
Answer:
Every person faces many challenges in his life. If there is a problem then it is our common sense. or wisdom that helps us. The reason is that sometimes in practical life, we do not listen to the heart and have to make wise decisions that are quite fruitful for everyone. Sometimes we can solve even the major problems with the help of our imagination and common sense. That’s why every human being should have common sense and also have the skill to use it.

Long Answer Type Question:

Question 1.
Discuss the story of the King about the decision-making given in the chapter.
Answer:
Once there was a King who had three sons. The King wanted to select his heir that who will succeed him. That’s why he decided to check them along with their ability of decision-making. He gave ₹ 100 each to his three sons and asked them to buy anything with which the whole of the palace can be filled. The eldest son thought that how can he fill the whole palace only with ₹ 100. That’s why he returned the money to his father.

The second son bought the garbage with ₹ 100 and filled the whole palace. The King got angry and he gave him the work of cleaning the palace. The third son of the King bought many fragrances with ₹ 100 and filled the palace with their fragrance. In this way, he filled the palace with fragrance with ₹ 100. The King gave him the prize of selecting him as his heir as he took the right decision at right time. So, an individual must have the ability to take the right decision at right time.

PSEB 10th Class Welcome Life Solutions Chapter 6 Managing Emotions

November 18, 2021October 18, 2021 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Welcome Life Book Solutions Chapter 6 Managing Emotions Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 10 Welcome Life Chapter 6 Managing Emotions

Welcome Life Guide for Class 10 PSEB Managing Emotions In Text Questions and Answers

Self-Analysis

Some of the feelings have been given ahead. By completing this table try to analyze your emotions :

Question 1.
My name is ………….
A, B, C.

Question 2.
I feel happy when …………
Answer:

When someone praises my work.
When my friends play with me.
When my result is very good.

Question 3.
I feel sad when ……………..
Answer:

When someone, speaks wrong about me.
Someone gossips about me behind my back.
When my hard work doesn’t go well.

Question 4.
I get scared when …………….
Answer:

The teacher tells me something wrong with me.
My papers are not good and I have bad results.

Question 5.
hate when ……………..
Answer:
Someone slanders me by talking behind my back and not daring to speak in front.

Question 6.
I feel proud when ……………….
Answer:
My hard work pays off and everyone respects me.

Question 7.
I get frustrate when ……………….
Answer:
Despite my hard work, the results are not as expected.

Question 8.
I sympathize when ……………..
Answer:
My friends get less marks and I see a lot of poor people around me.

Question 9.
I feel confident when ………..
Answer:
Everyone tells me that if not this time then next time the results will be better because the effort is not wasted.

Positive Emotions

Emotions	How do I express myself?	How should I react?
Happiness	By talking good things with all.	Share the happiness with others. Work for the welfare of others. Make more efforts to do good deeds to prolong my happiness.
Pride	By telling everyone about my achievement.	Be courteous and polite. Don’t be arrogant. Keep following the path of goodness.
Trust	Telling the person how much I trust him.	Share your secret with someone you trust. Never breach anyone’s trust. Never disclose the secrets someone shared with you.
Hope	Telling the person how much hope I have from him.	Have a positive and optimistic outlook. Always think constructively.
Sympathy love, gratitude	By talking loving words and by giving thanks and again.	Never hurt the sentiments of others. Always think for the well-being of others and act according to your ability. Be thankful and express gratitude.

Negative Emotions

Emotions	How do I express myself?	How should I react?
Sadness	By not talking to anyone.	Think of happy moments in your life. Do something you like and try to be happy. Try to find the cause of your sadness. Try to solve your problem. Make efforts to forget the unpleasant experiences.
Anxiety, Nervousness frustration	By reviewing something over and over again	Try to find the reason. Try to resolve your problem. Seek the advice of your teachers or elders.
Despair	Sitting on a side with anger and not talking to anyone	Remember a good thing that happened to you. Make efforts to improve your attitude and move ahead. Try to forget the unpleasant incidences. Learn from the failures.
Jealousy	Thinking about that thing over and over again.	Try to amend your behavior by imitating the good habits of others.
Shame, regret	By apologizing and promising not to do it again.	Should apologize for the mistake. Promise not to repeat the same mistake again.
Anger, resentment	Don’t talk to the person you are angry with and stay away from him.	Should cannily put up the case before others avoiding aggressive arguments. Try to find out the cause of others’ misbehavior. Make efforts to improve the behavior.

Art of being Amicable

Question 1.
A. Write down the names of your friends.
1. ……………….. 2. …………………. 3. …………………

B. How often do you get angry with your friends?
Never/Often/Sometimes

C. How soon do you restart your interaction after an argument with your friends?
D. What efforts do you make to please your peers?
Answer:
(A) A, B, C.
(b) Sometimes.
(c) After a while when the resentment goes away.
(D) I take them out for a walk and sit down together and eat something. I pay all the bills for this outing.

Question 2.
Suppose a friend of yours goes to the canteen with you one day, you order tea and samosas but he only takes tea, after asking the price of the Sarnosa. What would you do in such a situation?
Answer:
In this situation, I will buy him a samosa and we will eat samosas together.

Question 3.
A student In your class has arrived at school without having his breakfast. He is not carrying his tiffin-hox. What will you do for him?
Answer:
I will share my tiffin with him and tell him not to worry. We are with him.

PSEB 10th Class Welcome Life Guide Managing Emotions Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. What is affected the most when we don’t keep control of our emotions?
(a) Mental health
(b) Family relations
(c) Social relationship
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

2. What should we do to save ourselves from bad effects?
(а) Enaptipps should be expressed openly.
(b) Emotions should be kept under control.
(c) There must be no emotions.
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Emotions should be kept under control.

3. Which of these is a positive emotion?
(a) Happiness
(b) Depression
(c) Jealousy
(d) Disappointment.
Answer:
(a) Happiness.

4. Which of these is a negative emotion?
(a) Regret
(b) Proudness
(c) Love
(d) Sympathy.
Answer:
(a) Regret

5. Find out the positive feeling :
(a) Proudness
(b) Faith
(c) Sympathy
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

6. Find out the negative feeling :
(a) Regret
(b) Anxiety
(c) Fear
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

Fill in the Blanks:

1. Writing a ……………….. is a good habit.
Answer:
Diary

2. Proudness is a ………………. feeling.
Answer:
positive

3. Jealousy is a ………………. feeling.
Answer:
negative

4. We must keep control of our ……………….
Answer:
emotions

5. Diary becomes a valuable ………………..
Answer:
document

True/False :

1. We must keep emotions under control.
Answer:
True

2. Showing happiness is a negative feeling.
Answer:
False

3. Anxiety and fear are positive feelings.
Answer:
False

4. We must not have a habit of writing a diary.
Answer:
False

5. There must be a limit to expressing emotions.
Answer:
True

Match the Column:

Column A	Column B
(а) Sensation	(i) Negative Feeling
(b) Balance of Feelings	(ii) Positive Feeling
(c) Anger	(iii) Good habit
(d) Faith	(iv) Feeling
(e) Writing Diary	(v) Expressing emotions

Answer:

Column A	Column B
(а) Sensation	(iv) Feeling
(b) Balance of Feelings	(v) Expressing emotions
(c) Anger	(i) Negative Feeling
(d) Faith	(ii) Positive Feeling
(e) Writing Diary	(iii) Good habit

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
What is meant by managing emotions?
Answer:
It means that we must know that when and how many emotions are to express.

Question 2.
What is the need to control emotions?
Answer:
If we will not control our emotions, we can face many consequences.

Question 3.
What type of feelings do we have?
Answer:
Fear, happiness, sorrow, regret, faith, love, etc.

Question 4.
What is the loss of not controlling emotions?
Answer:
It can have a bad effect on our mental health, family relations, and social relationships.

Question 5.
What is necessary for expressing emotions?
Answer:
There is definitely a fixed limit to expressing emotions.

Question 6.
What is the advantage of writing a diary?
Answer:
With this, we can save the good moments which we have in our lives.

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Write a note on expressing emotions.
Answer:
We have lot many emotions such as fear, anxiety, depression, nervousness, happiness, love, etc. It is very much necessary to keep emotions in control or we have to face consequences. If emotions will go out of control, it can have a bad effort on our health, social relationships, and family relations. That’s why it is necessary to keep them under control. At the same time, we need to learn not to make mistakes that we will regret later.

Question 2.
Show positive emotions with the help of a picture.
Answer:
PSEB 10th Class Welcome Life Solutions Chapter 6 Managing Emotions Img 1

Question 3.
Show negative feelings with the help of a picture.
Answer:
PSEB 10th Class Welcome Life Solutions Chapter 6 Managing Emotions Img 2

Question 4.
What should we need to have a habit of diary writing?
Answer:
Writing a diary is a good habit as we can save in it the events which happen in our lives. We are happy when we remember the past in our diary. Diary becomes a valuable document for us. So, everyone should get in the habit of writing a diary and make it an important part of their life.

Long Answer Type Question:

Question 1.
What do we learn from this chapter? Explain in brief.
Answer:

Individuals have a lot of emotions that they express at different times.
In positive emotions, we take pride, trust, love, happiness, etc. In negative emotions, we take anger, shame, restlessness, jealousy, fear, etc.
We need to control our emotions or else they have a detrimental effect on our mental, family, and social relationships.
We must deliberately limit our feelings so that no one else gets angry. So, it is important to keep a balance of emotions.
We should get in the habit of writing a diary and express our feelings only in the diary.
The diary becomes a precious document that we can read at any time to refresh our old memories.

PSEB 10th Class Welcome Life Solutions Chapter 5 Creative Thinking

November 18, 2021October 18, 2021 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Welcome Life Book Solutions Chapter 5 Creative Thinking Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 10 Welcome Life Chapter 5 Creative Thinking

Welcome Life Guide for Class 10 PSEB Creative Thinking In Text Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Who are the parts of the tree of school?
Answer:
The principal, teachers, clerk, peon, students, management all are parts of the school tree.

Question 2.
How do flowers of school’s trees spread their fragrance in the world?
Answer:
These flowers can spread their fragrance in the whole world by getting a good education, doing individual progress, getting good marks, etc.

Question 3.
Do you irrigate your family tree with love, respect, time, and cooperation?
Yes or No. If yes, tell how …………………
Answer:
Yes, we irrigate our family tree with love, respect, time, and cooperation. We give and take love from the family members. We respect elders and cooperate with the younger ones. We spent time with each other, listen to their problems, to get rid of such problems. We always cooperate with the parents to do their work. It helps in reducing their load of work. Detail of given and taken cooperation to the single-family, joint (maternal/paternal) family.

Sr. No	Name of the family member and relation	Cooperation got from them	Cooperation was given to them
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Note: Do it yourself.

Question 4.
How do you feel when someone else helps you at time of need?
Answer:
It feels great when someone helps me at the time of need and at that time, I also think of helping others when required.

Question 5.
Do you cooperate with the ‘School-Family’?
Yes or No
Answer:
Yes

If yes, give detail: …………………….

Sr. No	Name of the members of the school family	Cooperation was given to them	Cooperation got from them

Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 6.
Someone helps you, when you need help, how do you feel?
Answer:
It seems great when someone helps us in distress. At this time, a small help is of great importance. We feel great at that time.

For these	How will you cooperate with them	For these	How will you cooperate
Family		Class
Elders		School
Youngsters		Classmates
Society		Needy/with special needs

Answer:
Do it yourself.

Let us enjoy

1. Be a companion to all
Be a companion to all
Empower the needy,
If you’re a man of God.

2. By supporting the powerless,
By supporting the powerless,
You will make their strength
And power double.

3. What you sow is what you reap,
What you sow is what you reap,
Be positive and
Never wish badly on anyone

4. Don’t live a life of selfishness,
Don’t live a life of selfishness,
Nobody will stand with you
In the time of hopelessness.

5. When you live in harmony and togetherness,
When you Jive in harmony and togetherness,
You will always lead a life full of happiness
Nobody will be able to break your spirit of happiness.

6. You’ll never see the face of defeat,
You’ll never see the face of defeat,
When you start.
Finding unity in diversity

7. Good & bad are never at parity,
Good & bad are never at parity,
Helpful people bring to the world,
love and solidarity.

8. First is more powerful than a finger,
First is more powerful than a finger,
While the religions teach the world to be united.

Question 1.
What do these poetic lines tell us?
Answer:
The poetic lines tell us the importance of cooperation that nothing is possible in society without cooperation. If all will not cooperate with, each other, family and society cannot run smoothly. An individual cannot do anything alone. He needs the cooperation of others to do every type of work.

Question 2.
How do we double their impact?
Answer:
If we stand with a weak person, his strength becomes double. It means that the strength of an individual becomes double if we help or cooperate with him in any manner.

Question 3.
What happens if we don’t live in togetherness?
Answer:

If we don’t live together, nothing will come out of anything.
Everyone will do his or her work, will not cooperate with others, and finally, society will not do progress.
Maybe the enemy will attack him alone and he will have to repent later.

Question 4.
Who runs the society?
Answer:
Society runs with cooperation and cooperative families. If there will be no cooperative families, society will not run smoothly.

Question 5.
Who never lost the bet?
Answer:
Those who cooperate with others never lose the bet.

PSEB 10th Class Welcome Life Guide Empathy Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. To watch the beauty of the world :
(a) Depends upon the world
(b) Depends upon the perspective of an individual
(c) Depends upon society
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Depends upon the perspective of an individual.

2. What do we expect from others?
(а) They should respect us
(b) They should accept our friendship.
(c) They must’ be willing to talk to me.
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

3. How can we increase the tree of the family?
(a) By cooperation
(b) By giving respect
(c) By giving time
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

4. Who is the head of the school?
(a) Management
(b) Principal
(c) H.O.D.
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Principal

5. Life is incomplete without
(a) Understanding
(b) Greed
(c) Jealousy
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Understanding

6. The meaning of creative nature is …………….
(a) To do something new
(b) To create something special
(c) To do something basic
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

Fill in the Blanks:

1. A creative mind does ……………….
Answer:
Self-development

2. Life is incomplete without ……………
Answer:
Understanding

3. Society cannot move without …………..
Answer:
Cooperation

4. We must give ……………. and ……………. to elders.
Answer:
respect, time,

5. We keep some …………… from others.
Answer:
expectations

True / False :

1. We must not keep expectations from others.
Answer:
False

2. I want that everyone should respect me.
Answer:
True

3. Teachers motivate the students.
Answer:
True

4. We must keep ourselves away from petty fights.
Answer:
True

5. We don’t like when someone helps us.
Answer:
False

Match the Column :

Column A	Column B
(a) Remain intact	(i) Quality of creating new
(b) Angry	(ii) Mood
(c) Imagination	(iii) To live collectively
(d) Creative thinking	(iv) Scolding
(e) Feeling	(v) Thinking about someone

Answer:

Column A	Column B
(a) Remain intact	(iii) To live collectively
(b) Angry	(iv) Scolding
(c) Imagination	(v) Thinking about someone
(d) Creative thinking	(i) Quality of creating new
(e) Feeling	(ii) Mood

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Watching the world’s beauty depends on what?
Answer:
It depends upon one’s perspective.

Question 2.
When can we find everything good in the world?
Answer:
When we start looking for good, we find everything good in the world.

Question 3.
What type of thinking a man should have?
Answer:
His thinking should be of constructive nature.

Question 4.
What should we do so that we should like the whole world?
Answer:
We must try to find happiness and beauty in everything.

Question 5.
Tell one expectation which I keep with others?
Answer:
We want that they should accept what we say and must not say no to us.

Question 6.
Do you live up to the expectations of others?
Answer:
Yes, whenever they require it, we help them.

Question 7.
How can we get better in the world?
Answer:
If we fulfill the expectations of others, we will definitely get better in the world.

Question 8.
What should we look for in others?
Answer:
We should look for good qualities in others.

Question 9.
How can a family do progress?
Answer:
By giving time, cooperation, and love to family members, the family can do progress.

Question 10.
How can we keep elders happy?
Answer:
By spending time with them and by giving respect, we can keep our elders happy.

Question 11.
Without what life is incomplete?
Answer:
Life is incomplete without understanding.

Question 12.
How did Mangat get hurt?
Answer:
Mangat got hurt in a road accident.

Question 13.
What is meant by creative thinking?
Answer:
The meaning of creative thinking is to have a curiosity to create something new or special.

Question 14.
When can a creative mind get social respect?
Answer:
When he creates something new and does self-progress he gets social respect.

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
How the world looks good?
Answer:
This world is quite beautiful and it depends upon one’s perspective that how he looks at this beauty. If we search for good things in the world, we will definitely find them but if we search for bad, it will come automatically to us. That’s why, if we do have good, we need to find beauty and happiness in everything. Then everything will look good.

Question 2.
What a student expects from others?
Answer:

He expects that others should respect him.
He wants that others must wish to speak to him.
He wants that his friends should obey him.
He wants to get good marks.
He wants to move around with his friends.

Question 3.
What are the expectations in our lives?
Answer:
Expectations are of great role in our lives. We keep many expectations from others and also expect them to fulfill those expectations. If they are not fulfilling these expectations, our relationship is in danger. So, we must understand that if we want to get our expectations fulfilled, it is a must for us to fulfill others’ expectations as well. In this way by fulfilling each other’s expectations, we can find happiness in the world and make it a happier place to live.

Question 4.
What is the importance of cooperation in our lives?
Answer:
There is no denying the fact that life cannot run even for a single day without others’ cooperation. In life, we cooperate with others and they cooperate with us as well. Parents cooperate in the family to raise their children. All the teachers and students cooperate in school to provide better education. In this way, cooperation exists in every part of our lives. In its absence, life cannot move even for a day. In this way cooperation with others is a must for a good life.

Question 5.
What is the art of understanding?
Answer:
Life cannot be completed without understanding. To complete any work, the art of better understanding is a must. Understanding one’s own to live life, understanding rules to play games, understanding their love before parents anger, understanding behavior of friends, etc. are a few of the aspects which we can observe in life. If there will not no aspect of understanding in our lives, we won’t be able to do anything in life. Those we don’t have the ability of understanding, cannot do anything in life. On the other hand, people with understanding abilities do great progress in life. That’s why the art of understanding is in everyone’s life.

Question 6.
Explain the development of creativity.
Answer:
The meaning of creativity is to create or to do something new, unique, and original. People with a creative mind, always think of new ideas and they always try to express such ideas in a unique way. Different individuals have different qualities and traits. An individual with a creative mind uses this quality to develop himself and that’s why he gets social respect. This type of focus can be associated with any field i.e. art, literature, science, etc. If such creativity will be developed among students, we can properly use their energy to create new ideas.

Long Answer Type Question:

Question 1.
Briefly describe the story given in the chapter.
Answer:
Once upon, there was a person called Mangat. He met with an accident and got badly hurt. He was admitted to the hospital. He was unable to move, even he could not move to see the left or right side. On the next bed in the hospital, there was another patient named Vishal. He used to tell Mangat the beauty of nature seen through the window beside. Mangat listened to him and started to imagine the beauty of nature beyond the window.

Soon, he started recovering from the accident within a month. Finally, he was allowed to move a little -bit and was shifted to another bed on which Vishal was lying. Now, he was in a position to look through the window. The hospital officials told him that Vishal passed away last night. When he tried to look through the window, there was no window on that wall. Officials also told him that Vishal was blind. He always gave Mangat hope that he will get well soon. After this, Mangat realized that help people support others to help them and improve them. Despite their own sorrows, they try to spread happiness.