PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Stars and the Solar System

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Science Book Solutions  Chapter 17 Stars and the Solar System Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 17 Stars and the Solar System

PSEB 8th Class Science Guide Stars and the Solar System Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercises

Question 1.
Which of the following is NOT a member of the solar system?
[a] An asteroid
[b] A satellite
[c] A constellation
[d] A comet
Answer:
[d] A comet.

Question 2.
Which of the following is NOT planet of the sun?
[а] Sirius
[b] Mercury
[c] Saturn
[d] Earth
Answer:
[a] Sirius.

Question 3.
Phases of the moon occur because
(a) we can see only that part of the moon which reflects light towards us.
(b) our distance from the moon keeps changing.
(c) the shadow of the earth covers only a part of moon’s surface.
(d) the thickness of the moon’s atmosphere is not constant.
Answer:
(a) We can see only that part of the moon which reflects light towards us.

Question 4.
Fill in the blanks.
(а) The planet which is farthest from the sun is …………………….. .
(b) The planet which appears reddish in colour is …………………… .
(c) A group of stars that appear to form a pattern in the sky is known as a …………………….. .
(d) A celestial body that revolves around a planet is known as ………………………. .
(e) Shooting stars are actually not ………………………………….. .
(f) Asteroids are found between the orbits of ……………………. and …………………………… .
Answer:
(a) Neptune
(b) Mars
(c) Constellation
(d) Satellite
(e) Stars
(f) Mars, Jupiter.

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Stars and the Solar System

Question 5.
Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F) :
(a) Pole star is a member of our solar system. ()
(b) Mercury is the smallest planet of the solar system. ()
(c) Uranus is the farthest planet in the solar system. ()
(d) INSAT is an artificial satellite. ()
(e) There are nine planets in the solar system. ()
(f) Constellation Orion can be seen only with a telescope. ()
Answer:
(a) (T)
(b) (T)
(c) (F)
(d) (T)
(e) (F)
(f) (F).

Question 6.
Match items in column A with one or more items in column B
Answer:

Column A Column B
(i) Inner planets (a) Saturn
(ii) Outer planets (b) Pole star
(iii) Constellation (c) Great Bear
(iv) Satellite of the earth (d) Moon
(e) Earth
(f) Orion
(g) Mars

Answer:

Column A Column B
(i) Inner planets (e) Earth
(g) Mars
(ii) Outer planets (a) Saturn
(iii) Constellation (c) Great Bear
(f) Orion
(iv) Satellite of the Earth (d) Moon

Question 7.
In which part of the sky can you find Venus if it is visible as an evening star?
Answer:
In west part of the sky.

Question 8.
Name the largest planet of the solar system.
Answer:
Jupiter.

Question 9.
What is a constellation? Name any two constellations.
Answer:
Constellations are small groups of stars appearing in the space having specific common shapes. All the stars of a group always stay together and their positions are fixed relative to each other e.g. Ursa Major.

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Stars and the Solar System

Question 10.
Draw sketches to show the relative positions of prominent stars in
(a) Ursa Major
(b) Orion.
Answer:
PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Stars and the Solar System 1

Question 11.
Name two objects other than planets which are members of the solar system.
Answer:
Asteroids, Meteors, Natural satellite.

Question 12.
Explain how you can locate the Pole Star with the help of Ursa Major.
Answer:
PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Stars and the Solar System 2
Ursa major changes its position in the sky after every three hours, it appears to revolve around fixed star. This fixed star is pole star.

Question 13.
Do all the stars in the sky move? Explain.
Answer:
All the stars except pole stars, appear to move in the sky from east to west as the earth rotates from west to east about its axis. Pole star is situated in the direction of axis of the earth, so it appears to be stationary.

Question 14.
Why is the distance between stars expressed in light years? What do you understand by the statement that a star is eight light-years away from the earth?
Answer:
Distance between the stars is very large. It is of the order of millions or billions kilometres. So, it is not convenient to express the distance in kilometres. So another larger unit called light-year is used to express distance between the stars. It can be defined as distance travelled by light in one year.

When a star is 8 light-years from the earth it means, light with speed of 3 × 108 m/sec, takes 8 years to cover that distance from earth to that star.
Now 1 light year = 9.46 × 1015 m
.’. 8 light years = 8 × 9.45 × 1015 m
= 75.6 × 1015 m
So, earth is 7.56 x 1016 m away from the given star.

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Stars and the Solar System

Question 15.
The radius of Jupiter is 11 times the radius of the Earth. Calculate the ratio of the volumes of Jupiter and the Earth. How many Earths can Jupiter accommodate?
Answer:
Let R be radius of the Earth.
then volume of the Earth = \(\frac{4}{3} \pi \mathrm{R}^{3}\)
and volume of Jupiter = \(\frac{4}{3} \pi \mathrm{R}^{\prime 3}\)
= \(\frac{4}{3} \times \pi(11 \mathrm{R})^{3}\) [as R’= 11R]
Now Ratio = \(\frac{\text { Volume of the Earth }}{\text { Volume of the Jupiter }}=\frac{\frac{4}{3} \pi \mathrm{R}^{3}}{\frac{4}{3} \pi(11 \mathrm{R})^{3}}=\frac{1}{1331}\)
or 1:1331

Question 16.
Bojo made the following sketch of the solar system. Is the sketch correct ?.’If not, correct it.
PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Stars and the Solar System 3
Answer:
PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Stars and the Solar System 4

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 Science Stars and the Solar System Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Parvinder saw a constellation in the sky in a clear dark night. Name this constellation.
PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Stars and the Solar System 5
(a) Saptarishi
(b) Orion
(c) Cassiopia
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(a) Sapatrishi.

Question 2.
The planet which is nearest to the sun?
(a) Earth
(b) Mercury
(c) Saturn
(d) Venus
Answer:
(b) Mercury.

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Stars and the Solar System

Question 3.
Which planet is called red planet?
(a) Mars
(b) Mercury
(c) Venus
(d) Jupiter
Answer:
(a) Mars

Question 4.
Which is the brightest planet at night?
(a) Mercury
(b) Earth
(c) Venus
(d) Mars
Answer:
(c) Venus.

Question 5.
The planet which is farthest from the Sun is :
(a) Neptune
(b) Jupiter
(c) Mercury
(d) Earth
Answer:
(a) Neptune.

Question 6.
Name the first Indian Artificial satellite.
(a) INSAT
(b) IRS
(c) Arya Bhatta
(d) Kalpana-I
Answer:
(c) Arya Bhatta.

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Stars and the Solar System

Question 7.
Name the planet of the solar system where life exists.
(a) Mercury
(b) Earth
(c) Mars
(d) Saturn
Answer:
(b) Earth.

Question 8.
Which of the following is not the member of solar system?
(a) An asteroid
(b) A satellite
(c) A constellation
(d) A comet
Answer:
(c) A constellation.

Question 9.
Which of the following is not planet of the solar system?
(a) Sirius
(b) Mercury
(c) Saturn
(d) Earth
Answer:
(a) Sirius.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the star closest to earth other than sun.
Answer:
Alpha century.

Question 2.
How much time does light take to reach us from Alpha century.
Answer:
4.3 years.

Question 3.
Which constellation looks like a big kite with a tail?
Answer:
Ursa-major constellation.

Question 4.
Name the constellation which looks like a cluster of twinkling gems in the night sky.
Answer:
Pleides constellation.

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Stars and the Solar System

Question 5.
Define a light year.
Answer:
Light year. It is the distance travelled by light with a speed of 3,00,000 km/ hr in one year.
1 light year = 9.46 × 1012 km.

Question 6.
How far is the sun from the earth?
Answer:
The sun is at a distance of 1.5 × 108 km from the earth.

Question 7.
Which planet is known as the red planet?
Answer:
Mars.

Question 8.
Which planet rotates on its axis from East to West?
Answer:
Uranus.

Question 9.
Which force hold the planets in their orbits around the sun?
Answer:
Gravitational force of the sun holds the planets in their orbits around the sun.

Question 10.
What are Asteroids?
Answer:
Asteroids. The small solid objects made up of rocks and minerals, which move in the gap between the orbits of the Mars and Jupiter are called Asteroids.

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Stars and the Solar System

Question 11.
What are meteorites?
Answer:
Meteorites are small chunks of rock or metal that are leftovers of broken comets. They are called meteors while falling through the atmosphere and appearing as streak of light. But those meteors that fall on the earth surface are called meteorites.

Question 12.
What are phases of moon?
Answer:
The shape of the bright part of the moon changes slightly every day. These are called phases of moon.

Question 13.
What is an artificial satellite?
Answer:
Artificial Satellite. It is an object which is made to revolve around the earth or any object.

Question 14.
Write two uses of artificial satellites.
Answer:
Uses of Artificial Satellites. Artificial satellites are used for long-distance communication, research, remote sensing and defence.

Question 15.
Which planet has maximum of satellites?
Answer:
Jupiter.

Question 16.
Why is Pole star stationary?
Answer:
It is because pole star is situated on the axis of the earth.

Question 17.
Which is natural satellite of the earth?
Answer:
Moon.

Question 18.
Why can’t Moon surface be used for communication?
Answer:
It is because moon has no atmosphere.

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Stars and the Solar System

Question 19.
Which is the biggest planet of the solar system?
Answer:
Jupiter.

Question 20.
Which is the nearest planet of the earth?
Answer:
Mars.

Question 21.
In which part of the sky and at what time of the year are the following constellations seen? Scorpio, Great Bear, Pole Star and the Orion.
Answer:
1. Scorpio is visible in summer.
2. Great bear (Saptarishi) is visible in autumn.

  • Pole star is visible in north throughout the year.
  • Orion (Vyadha) is visible in winter in southern sky only.

Question 22.
When was Halley’s comet last seen?
Answer:
In 1986.

Question 23.
Name the nearest and the farthest planet from the sun.
Answer:
The nearest planet from the sun is Mercury and the farthest planet is Neptune.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How can you identify Ursa Major?
Answer:
Identification of Ursa Major. It is a group of seven bright stars. It appears like a large ladle or a question mark. The two stars marked 1 and 2 at the top of the ladle are called Pointers, as the line joining them points towards the polar star.

Question 2.
What are planets? How many planets are there in the solar system? Name them.
Answer:
Planets. The bright objects in the night sky which don’t twinkle like the stars and appear to change their positions with respect to the stars are called planets. In the solar system, there are nine planets. These are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Pluto and Neptune.

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Stars and the Solar System

Question 3.
Give three points of difference between a star and planet.
Answer:
Differences between star and planet.

Star Planet
1. They are very hot. 1. They are not very hot.
2. They emit their own heat and light. 2. They reflect the sun’s energy falling over them.
3. They twinkle. 3. They don’t twinkle.
4. They are dot-shaped. 4. They are disc-shaped.
5. They travel in the sky from East to West. 5. They travel in sky around the sun from West to East.

Question 4.
Why is life possible of the earth?
Answer:
The earth has sufficient oxygen and water necessary for life. The temperature on earth is suitable for the existence of life. Also there is an ozone layer around earth which prevents the habitants from the harmful solar radiations. Therefore, all the conditions for the evolution of life are fulfilled on the earth.

Question 5.
Do all the stars of a constellation lie really close together?
Answer:
The various stars forming a constellation are rarely close to each other in space. The stars are in the same direction but at quite different distances from us. They appear to our eye was close together, although they are not really so.

Question 6.
Name the planets which can be identified with naked eye.
Answer:
Besides our own earth, we can identify only five other planets with naked eye. These planets are Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn.

Question 7.
What is the solar system? Name the planets situated between the sun and the earth.
Answer:
Solar System. The sun and its family i.e. planets, satellites, asteroids, comets, etc. is called as solar system. The sun is at the centre of the solar system and all members of the solar system are revolving around the sun in elliptical paths, called orbits. The planets situated between the sun and the earth are Mercury and Venus.

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Stars and the Solar System

Question 8.
What is pole star and why is it important?
Answer:
Pole Star. All the stars except one, appear to be shifting their positions in the sky. There is only one star called pole star, which does not shift its position. It is lying in North above the north pole on the axis of rotation of the earth. It is used as a direction finder by sailors and those working in, offshore drilling operations.

Question 9.
Differentiate between a star and a shooting star.
Answer:
Differences between a star and a shooting star :

Star Shooting Star
1. A star is made up of hot gases such as hydrogen and helium. 1. A shooting star is made up of rock and metal particles.
2. A star emits light due to the nuclear reaction taking place in it. 2. A shooting star emits light due to the heat produced by friction on entering the atmosphere.
3. The size of a star is very big. 3. The size of a shooting star is very small. It may be as small as a dust particle.

Question 10.
What are meteors or the shooting stars?
Answer:
Meteors or the Shooting Stars. You must have seen certain objects which appear to fall from the sky leaving a streak of light. They are also called shooting stars. Word ‘STAR’ is in fact misleading since they are neither themselves stars nor in any way connected with stars. These are pieces of rock floating in space.

When these floating rocks enter the earth’s atmosphere, they experience a lot of friction of air and get burnt. They appear as a ball of fire falling towards earth emitting intense light. Most of these burn up in atmosphere. When a meteor is very large, it does not burn up completely and reaches the earth. This piece reaching the earth and sea is called Meteorite.

Question 11.
Represent Solar system in a tabular form.
Answer:
Solar system can be represented as
PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Stars and the Solar System 6

Question 12.
What is light year? How is it expressed in meters.
Answer:
Light year. We know that light travels nearly a distance of 3 × 108 m in one second or 3,00,000 km in one second. Light year is the distance travelled by light in
1 year or in 365\(\frac{1}{4}\) days.
∴1 light year = 365 \(\frac{1}{4}\) × 24 × 60 × 60 × 3 × 108 m/s
or 1 Light year = 9.46 × 1015 m

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Stars and the Solar System

Question 13.
Why do the heavenly bodies seem to move from east to west?
Answer:
The heavenly bodies seem to be moving from east to west because earth rotates on its imaginary axis from west to east whereas it appears to us that earth is stationary. That is why various heavenly bodies appear to us moving from east to west. Earth completes one round on its axis in 24 hours.

Question 14.
Define the following terms :
1. Planet
2. Satellite
3. Period of rotation.
Answer:
1. Planet. The celestial bodies which revolve around the sun are called planets, e.g., Mercury, Earth and Venus.

2. Satellite. The celestial bodies which revolve around the planets are called satellites. Moon is a satellite of earth. Some other bodies also have satellites.

3. Period of rotation. The time taken by a planet to complete one rotation on its axis is called period of rotation.

Question 15.
Which is the brightest among all the planets and why?
Answer:
Venus is the brightest planet among all the planets. The bright appearance of Venus is due to its cloudy atmosphere, which reflects almost three-fourth of the sunlight that falls on it.

Question 16.
There is very much difference between the temperatures of Mercury and Venus planets, while there is not so on the earth and the Mars planets. Why?
Answer:
Mercury and Venus are the nearest neighbours of the sun. There is no thick atmospheric cover around them that can work like a heat cover. But these planets are so nearest to the sun that they cannot save themselves from the sunlight and are heated very much. They become most coolest after the sunset.

Only the Earth and Mars are such planets where there is a balance between the atmospheric cover and their distance from the sun. Therefore, there is not much difference in the day and night temperatures of both the planets due to this balance.

Question 17.
Why are the Mercury and the Venus known as morning or evening stars?
Answer:
The Mercury and the Venus are known as morning or evening stars because both can be seen near the horizon immediately before the sunrise and after the sunset. At this time, these appear like the brightest star.

Question 18.
What are the conditions favouring life to flourish on earth?
Answer:
Following are the conditions that favour life to flourish on earth :

  • Oxygen is present in the atmosphere of the earth which is necessary for respiration for all the organisms.
  • Presence of water for the biological process on the earth.
  • Due to proper distance of the earth from the sun, there is proper temperature on the earth.
  • Presence of protective ozone layer around the earth which protects us from the ultraviolet radiations of the Sun.

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Stars and the Solar System

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a solar system?
Answer:
Solar System: Solar system consists of the Sun, a large number of asteroids between Mars and Jupiter. There are large number of comets or shooting stars which move in highly elliptical paths. The planet nearest to the sun is Mercury followed by Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. Whereas mercury is the smallest planet, Jupiter is the largest one.
PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Stars and the Solar System 7
The planets rotate about the sun in elliptical path as well as spin about their own axis [Fig. (6)]. The nearest star to our solar system is Alpha Centauri and is about 4.3 light-years away from us. Brightest star Sirius is about 8.7 light-year from us.

Fig. (a) shows the motion of different planets around the sun (not to the scale). Shape of solar system resembles an inverted saucer with all planets. Sun dominates the solar system and accounts for 99.9% of total matter of the whole system. The sun is the source of all the energy in solar system. Earth receives almost all the energy from the sun.

Question 2.
What is meant by Uttrayan and Dakshinayan?
Answer:
Uttrayan and Dakshinayan. We generally say that the Sun rises in the east and sets in the west. This is only partially correct because the position of rising sun changes every day. Let us perform a time-consuming experiment to stress our point. Note down the direction of rising sun on the sky.

Repeat the observation every week. A continuous change will be observed. From summer solstice (around June 21), the point of the sun shifts towards south. The sun is said to be in dakshinayan (moving south). This continues till winter (around December 22). After this sunrise changes its direction and stars move towards north. Now it is said to be in Uttaryan (moving north). Only on March 21 and September 23, the sunrise in the east and sets in the west.

Question 3.
What are terrestrial and Jovian Planets?
Answer:
Terrestrial planets. Four planets near to the Sun i.e. mercury, venus, earth and mars are called terrestrial planets. Their structure is similar to that of the earth. These are small planets and have a thin atmosphere on them.
Jovian planets are larger in size than terrestrial planets.

These planets are made of mainly hydrogen and helium. These planets, namely Jupiter, Saturn and Neptune are so-called because their structure is similar to Jupiter. They have a number of moons around them and some have rings around them. Their temperature, gravity etc. are such that life can never be possible on them.

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Stars and the Solar System

Question 4.
Write a short note on ‘Comets’.
Answer:
Comets: Comets are heavenly bodies which revolve around the Sun in highly elliptical path. Comets appear in the sky as a ball of fire with a tail. Tail always points away from the sun. Lesser the distance it has from the sun, longer is the tail. Comets are composed of rock-like material surrounded by large masses of easily vaporised substances like water, ammonia, methane etc. When comets approach the sun, some of its material is vaporised due to heat of the sun. Light of the sun exerts pressure on these vapours and force them away Tail is longest and from the comet in the form of a tail.
PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Stars and the Solar System 8

Question 5.
Write various uses of artificial satellites.
Answer:
Uses of Artificial Satellites. Various uses of artificial satellites are as follows :

  • They can be used to forecast weather.
  • They facilitate radio and television programme transmission.
  • Artificial satellites enable long-distance telephone communication.
  • They help to locate mineral and metal deposits.
  • Artificial satellites fitted with telescopes and software programmes gather and process data on space phenomena, thus enhancing our knowledge and understanding of the universe.

PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 4 First Aid

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Chapter 4 First Aid Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Physical Education Chapter 4 First Aid

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you know about First Aid?
Answer:
The aid which is given to a patient before arrival to the doctor is known as first aid.

Question 2.
What is Fracture?
Answer:
Breakage in Bone is called Fracture.

Question 3.
What is Unconsciousness?
Answer:
It means to lose consciousness.

PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 4 First Aid

Question 4.
What is Electric Shock?
Answer:
One gets electric shock when touches a live electric wire.

Question 5.
Name any two types of fracture?
Answer:

  • Simple fracture
  • Multiple fracture.

Question 6.
Complicated Fracture is dangerous. (Right or Wrong)
Answer:
Right.

PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Book Chapter 4 First Aid

Question 7.
Depressed Fracture is harmful. (Right or Wrong)
Answer:
Wrong.

Question 8.
Write any two symptoms of unconciousness.
Answer:

  • Pulse becomes very slow
  • skin becomes cold.

PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 4 First Aid

Question 9.
What is dislocation?
Answer:
Displacement of bone from the joint is known as Dislocation.

Question 10.
Is there any difference between strain and sprain?
Answer:
Yes, there is a difference.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you know about First Aid?
Answer:
In our daily life many accidents occur. No wonder we may get injured or wounded on bicycle or in the playfield. Accidents can occur anywhere and anytime at home and outside. It is not possible that doctor may be present at the place of accident. The aid given to the wounded or the patient till the doctor arrives or is approached is called FIRST AID.

PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 4 First Aid

Question 2.
What is strain?
Answer:
Often we hear players say that their muscles are under strain, and so they cannot carry on their game any more. Over work makes the muscles crack, sometimes more and sometimes less. As a result of cracked muscles players feel much pain. Many times that part that has been greatly strained swells.

Question 3.
What is sprain?
Answer:
The player may get sprain:
The feet and the wrists are prone to receive sprains. The ligaments and tissues quickly crack by chance around it. The player feels pain and is unable to take part in the game.

Question 4.
What will you do if you got dislocation of your knee joint while playing Hockey?
Answer:
If I got my knee joint dislocated while playing Hockey, I will get treatment as under:
I will get dressed dislocated joint with plaster. I will try my level best the joint which was dislocated may not have external pressure. I shall use splint to check die movement of the joint.

PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 4 First Aid

Question 5.
What First Aid will you render to a patient of drowning?
Answer:
Treatment of Drowning:
Some people get drowned while crossing, or bathing in rivers, canals or streams. If First Aid is given to a drowned person after taking him out of water, his life may be saved. Such a person should be given First Aid in the following ways:

1. Removing Water from the Belly:
The drowned person should be taken out of water, and lied down with his belly on a pitcher to get water removed from his belly. If the pitcher is not available, he should be lied on belly-side, and toss him upward by holding his waist. This action will remove water from his belly.

2. Making the Patient Wear Dry clothes: Give the patient dry clothes to wear.

3. Keeping the Patient’s Body Warm: Wrap a blanket or sheet round the patient’s body so that his body may remain warm.

4. Administering Artificial Respiration: If the breathing of the drowned man stops, he should be administered artificial respiration.

5. Giving Hot Tea or Coffee: When the patient comes to his senses, he should be given hot tea or coffee to drink.

6. Taking the Patient to the Doctor: If necessary, the patient should be taken to a doctor.

Question 6.
What First Aid will you render to a patient in case of burning?
Answer:
Sometimes a person gets burnt in fire, by hot vessels, chemicals, acid or electric shock. The result is that skin, muscles and tissues are destroyed. Sometimes scalds are caused by very hot tea, milk, coffee or acid. The skin turns red or clothes get stuck up to the body. One feels intolerable pain. Sometimes a person dies as a result of excessive burns.

Treatment:

  • The burnt up part should be carefully treated.
  • One should not run in case one catches fire. In such case, one should lie down.
  • The person whose clothes catch fire should be wrapped with a blanket.

PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 4 First Aid

Question 7.
What do you mean by Electric Shock? How will you treat it?
Answer:
Electric Shock:
One gets electric shock when one touches a live electric wire, or when such a wire accidentally touches any part of his body. Even one’s body may get burnt in the process. One may go unconscious, or may even die of electric shock. If a person gets touch to a live electric wire, the main supply of electricity should be switched off to release him from the wire. If one fails to locate main switch, the following steps may be taken:

1. Using Rubber Gloves and Dry Wood:
The life of a person may be saved by the use of rubber gloves and dry wood in case the power of electricity is up to 500 watts. Electric current does not pass through these things. A moist or metallic thing should not be used.

2. Removing the Plug: If electric wire is coming from a distant place, it should be broken or the plug should be removed.

3. Giving Artificial Respiration: If the electrocuted person is not breathing, he should be administered artificial respiration.

4. Treatment of Scald or Burnt Part: If some part of the patient is scalded or burnt, its treatment should be done.

5. Encouraging the Patient: The patient should be encouraged.

6. Wrapping in a Blanket: The patient should be kept warm in a blanket.

7. Giving Hot Milk or Tea: The patient should be given hot tea or milk to drink.

Question 8.
Describe the various rules of First Aid.
Answer:
Rules of First Aid:
1. Immediate Aid:
First Aid should be given to the injured at the earliest possible. There should be no hesitation or fear in providing First Aid because there is no time in thinking. Immediate decisions have to be taken to save the life of the injured.

2. Artificial Respiration:
If a person is unconscious, and is not breathing, he should be given artificial respiration. A person suffering from heart attack can also be saved by artificial respiration.

3. Sympathetic Attitude:
The injured person gets extremely frightened. So a sympathetic attitude and goodwill prove to be very important. These are beneficial in removing the fear in the mind of the injured.

4. Prevention of Bleeding:
The flow of blood from the injury should be stopped at the earliest as the excessive loss of blood may endanger the life of the injured.

5. Keeping the injured away from the Crowd:
When a person gets involved in an accident, many people come and surround him from all sides. It prevents the flow of fresh air to the injured and the injured also gets frightened and upset. So the steps should be taken to keep the injured away from the crowd, and to provide First Aid at the earliest.

6. Immediate Medical Aid:
The Medical aid should be arranged for the injured immediately. No untrained person should be allowed to use hit and trial methods of treatment.

PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 4 First Aid

Question 9.
Write down the causes, symptoms and treatment of dislocation of joints.
Answer:
Generally, there is a joint dislocation in the field of sports. The displacement of bones is known as dislocation. The displacement generally occurs in the case of bones of shoulders, hips and wrists.

Causes:

  • When heavy thing hit fastly to any joints of a person.
  • The weight of sports material is too much heavy.
  • Hard surface or uneven ground.
  • Insufficient warming up of a player.
  • Suddenly falling of an athlete.

Symptoms:

  • The movement in the joint stops. The joint pains with the slightest of movement.
  • The joint pains as well as swelling.
  • The bone can be seen protruding at the place of dislocation.
  • The shape of the joint also changed.
  • There is a feeling of strain in the joint.

Treatment:

  • The dislocated joint should not be moved much.
  • The bone should be got reset from a competent doctor.
  • Icy cold water should be poured on the dislocated joint.

Question 10.
Mention the causes of Fracture, its symptoms and treatment.
Answer:
Causes:

  • When a player plays the game with over courage, over joy or under pressure.
  • To fall on hard or slippery ground.
  • To play on uneven playfields and fall down.
  • To play the game without the supervision of an expert.

Symptoms:

  • The place of fracture develops swelling.
  • The fracture part of the body becomes strengthless.
  • The player feels much pain.
  • The shape of fracture part also changes.
  • The part of the body becomes shapeless.
  • A cracking sound is produced when the fractured part is made to move.

Treatment:

  • In case of fracture, the fractured part should not be allowed to move.
  • The treatment of the fracture should be immediately done as far as possible.
  • In case of injury in the fracture, first of all bleeding should be controlled.
  • The broken bone should be set with splints and bandage.
  • The fractured part should be plastered with the help of a doctor.

PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 4 First Aid

Question 11.
What is unconsciousness? Mention its symptoms and treatment.
Answer:
Unconsciousness means losing of sense
Symptoms:
These are as under-

  • Rate of pulse becomes very slow.
  • Skin becomes cold.
  • The colour of face turns pale.
  • Blood pressure becomes low.

Treatment:

  • Check up the heart beat and pulse rate of the patient properly.
  • The tongue of the patient should not touch the upper part of the wind pipe.
  • Peal off the clothes or loosen the clothes of a patient.
  • Let the fresh air should come.
  • Massage the chest continuously.
  • Try to give artificial respiration if needed.
  • Patient should not be given anything orally till he gets conscious.
  • He may be given hot drink.
  • You may make him smell ammonia, spirit or onion.
  • The cause of unconsciousness may be removed as early as possible.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the qualities and duties of First Aider?
Answer:

  • A First Aider should be a person who seeks comfort and joy in serving others, and who looks upon his job as his religious duty.
  • He should have the maximum knowledge of medical sciences particularly, he should be quite well versed in
  • Anatomy and Physiology.
  • He should be capable of understanding the nature of injury, and should be properly trained in First Aid.
  • He should be a man of genial nature and self-confidence.
  • He should be capable of understanding the mental state of the injured.
  • He should have patience, devotion and dedication.
  • He should be capable of giving First Aid in a very natural, affectionate manner.
  • He should be capable of encouraging the injured.
  • He should be familiar with all those points which are relevant to providing First Aid.
  • All necessary medicines should always be ready for use in his First Aid Box.
  • A high academic qualification is not sufficient for a First Aider. He should have developed in him qualities of a man of high moral character.

In order to make the job of First Aid interesting, a First Aider should be a jovial person. His jovial nature will help in establishing a good rapport between him and the person who needs First Aid, but his humour should not be of cheap variety. His personality should be balanced. He should be perfectly capable, healthy and strong from physical, mental, social and psychological point of view.

Duties of First Aider:

  • First aider should give First Aid immediately to the patient.
  • He should encourage the patient.
  • Try to arrange the doctor as early as possible.
  • The dress of the patient should be removed or loosened.
  • He should help the patient to save his life.
  • He should keep the patient in a comfortable position.
  • There should not be crowd or noise around the patient.
  • In case of continuous bleeding, the main vessels should be pressed.
  • The patient must be kept in open air.
  • If the accident occurs due to electronic current or gas, he should first switch off electric current or gas.

PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 4 First Aid

Question 2.
Describe the types of Fracture which is the most dangerous fracture.
Answer:
When a bone is broken into two or more parts is known as fracture. Fractures are of seven types which are as under:
1. Simple Fracture: In this type of fracture, there is neither any visible injury on the body nor is there any harm to the muscles. This is known as simple or closed fracture.
PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 4 First Aid 1
2. Compound Fracture or Open Fracture: In case of Com-pound Fracture, the part of the bone comes out of the skin.
PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 4 First Aid 2
3. Complicated Fracture: In this type of fracture, the internal organs are hurt and affected such as heart, spinal cord, lungs, kidney etc.
4. Commuted Fracture: In commuted fracture, the bones gets broken at many places, and sometimes it is broken Sito pieces.
PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 4 First Aid 3
5. Impacted Fracture: In this type of fracture, the broken bones come inside another bone.
PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 4 First Aid 4
6. Green Stick Fracture: This type of fracture occurs mostly in the young boys of tender age because their bones are very soft and they bend easily. A piece of bones, getting out of the bone, cracks up in this type of fracture.
PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 4 First Aid 5
7. Depressed Fracture: This type of fracture occurs in the skull bones. The skull bones gets depressed downward. It is known as depressed fracture.

PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 4 First Aid

Question 3.
What is strain? Describe its causes, symptoms and treatment?
Answer:
Strain:
Often we hear players say that their muscles are under strain, and so they cannot carry on their game any more. Over work makes the muscles crack, sometimes more and sometimes less. As a result of cracked muscles players feel much pain. Many times that part that has been greatly strained swells.

Causes:

  • Excess loss of water from the body through sweating.
  • More Physical Fatigue.
  • Less co-ordination in the parts of the body.
  • The hard playground also causes straining of muscles.
  • The main cause of strain is insufficient working of a player.
  • Bring the weak muscles in action quickly.
  • Use of bad types of sports equipments.
  • Body is insufficient in strength to bear the load of the activities.

Symptoms:

  • Too much tension in muscles.
  • Strain parts become unable to do the work.
  • Feeling too much pain after getting strain.
  • The part of the body seems to be depressed.
  • The player may turn blue internally.
  • Joint becomes very soft.

Safety Measures:

  • The playground should be properly watered, neat and clean. The surface should not be uneven.
  • The pitch of High Jump and Long Jump must be kept very soft.
  • The students must get safety education.
  • The players should be properly warmed up before entering the field.
  • Players should not play on wet or slipery place.
  • The equipment should be of high standard.
  • The players should be cool. They should not take part in games while they are excited.

Treatment:

  • The main cause of strain is insufficient warming of a player entering the field.
  • The hard playground, too, causes straining of muscles. As such, the playground should be watered off and on.
  • The weak muscles crack soon. So one should do exercises to make muscles strong.
  • In case muscles are under strain, the player should take rest.
  • At first, the strained spot should be cooled down with ice. After 24 hours, it should be fomented by salty hot water.

PSEB 9th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 4 First Aid

Question 4.
What is sprain? Discuss its causes, symptoms and treatment.
Answer:
Sprain:
The player may get sprain. The feet and the wrists are prone to receive sprains. The ligaments and tissues quickly crack by chance around it. The player feels pain and is unable to take part in the game.

Type of Sprain:
Broadly speaking, there are two types of sprain-

1. Ordinary Sprain: In such a case the player gets slight in-jury on the tissue groups that crack, and he does not feel much pain.

2. Heavy Sprain: The player gets hard injury on his tissue group, and feels much pain, and is unable to take part in the game.

Causes:
There may be causes of sprain, some of which are as follows:

  • The feet of the player land on uneven place.
  • Sometimes the jumping pit is not well dug out.
  • Sprain is caused sometimes when the player is not properly warmed up before actual play.
  • The weakness of joints.
  • The lack of proper coaching.
  • A sudden fall while running.
  • Sprain may be caused because of inadequate or rough sports equipment such as stud loose boots used in football.

Symptoms:
Whenever a player gets sprain on his joints, he feels pain on the very joint. He is unable to carry on with his game. He feels as if his joint has lost strength and is inflamed.

Treatment:

  • When a player gets sprain, he should be called out of the play ground.
  • By pouring cold water on the sprained joint or putting some ice on it, the bleeding slows down internally and the swelling also decreases.
  • Dressing on the sprained joint also reduces the pain and swelling. Dressing should be done in shape of number 8.
  • The sprained joint should be fomented after 48 hours.
  • The player should not be allowed to move much.
  • Index should be applied after 48 hours on the upper part of the joint. The patient may get some relief and the swelling decreases.
  • The sprained joint should be fomented by warm lemon.

Question 5.
Describe the various rules of First Aid.
Answer:
Rules of First Aid:
1. Immediate Aid:
First Aid should be given to the injured at the earliest possible. There should be no hesitation or fear in providing First Aid because there is no time in thinking. Immediate decisions have to be taken to save the life of the injured.

2. Artificial Respiration:
If a person is unconscious, and is not breathing, he should be given artificial respiration. A person suffering from heart attack can also be saved by artificial respiration.

3. Sympathetic Attitude:
The injured person gets extremely frightened. So a sympathetic attitude and goodwill prove to be very important. These are beneficial in removing the fear in the mind of the injured.

4. Prevention of Bleeding:
The flow of blood from the injury should be stopped at the earliest as the excessive loss of blood may endanger the life of the injured.

5. Keeping the injured away from the Crowd:
When a person gets involved in an accident, many people come and surround him from all sides. It prevents the flow of fresh air to the injured and the injured also gets frightened and upset. So the steps should be taken to keep the injured away from the crowd, and to provide First Aid at the earliest.

6. Immediate Medical Aid:
The Medical aid should be arranged for the injured immediately. No untrained is should be allowed to use hit and trial methods of treatment.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants

Science Guide for Class 7 PSEB Transportation in Animals and Plants Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 131)

Question 1.
What is pulse rate ?
Answer:
Pulse rate. The number of times a person’s heart beats per minute, called pulse rate.

Question 2.
Where can we feel the pulse ?
Answer:
We can feel the pulse on the neck, behind the knee and near the ankle and wrist joints.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 134)

Question 1.
What is a stethoscope ?
Answer:
Stethoscope. Doctors use a stethoscope to hear the sounds of the heart and lungs inside the patient’s body while examining his condition. The stethoscope has a chest piece at one end and an ear piece at the other end. The two pieces are connected by a rubber tube.

Question 2.
Is there any relationship between heart beat and pulse rate ?
Answer:
Both the pulse rate and the heart rate are the same because the contraction of the heart increases the blood pressure in the arteries which is detected by the pulse rate. Therefore, a pulse test is a direct measure of the heart rate.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 137)

Question 1.
Define osmosis.
Answer:
Osmosis. This is the process by which a solvent passes through a semi-permeable membrane from a low-concentration solution to a solution of high concentration so that the concentration of solutions on both sides of the membrane become equal.

Question 2.
Define semi-permeable membrane.
Answer:
Semi-permeable membrane. It is a type of organic or organic polymer membrane through which some molecules or ions (charged particles) can pass through diffusion.

PSEB 7th Class Science Guide Transportation in Animals and Plants Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(i) In plants, water and minerals are transported by ………………. .
Answer:
Roots

(ii) Doctors use …………………. to listen the internal sounds of the body.
Answer:
stethoscope

(iii) Sweat contains water and …………………
Answer:
salts

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants

(iv) The blood vessels having thick elastic walls are called ………………….
Answer:
artery

(v) The rhythmic contraction and expansion of heart is called …………………..
Answer:
heartbeat

2. State True or False:

(i) Phloem vessels transport food materials in plants.
Answer:
False

(ii) Deoxygenated blood is carried back to heart by veins.
Answer:
True

(iii) The veins have thick walls.
Answer:
True

(iv) Blood plasma is the solid component of blood.
Answer:
False

(v) The red colour of blood is due to the presence of plasma.
Answer:
False

3. Match the Column ‘A’ with Column ‘B’:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
(i) Transport of water (a) Stomata
(ii) Red in colour (b) Xylem
(iii) Exchange of gases (c) Haemoglobin
(iv) Blood clotting (d) Phloem
(v) Transport of food (e) Platelets

 Answer:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
(i) Transport of water (b) Xylem
(ii) Red in colour (c) Haemoglobin
(iii) Exchange of gases (a) Stomata
(iv) Blood clotting (e) Platelets
(v) Transport of food (d) Phloem

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Blood cells responsible for clotting are:
(a) Plasma
(b) WBC’s
(c) RBC’s
(d) Platelets
Answer:
(d) Platelets.

Question (ii)
The lower chambers of heart are called:
(a) Atria
(b) Valves
(c) Veins
(d) Ventricles
Answer:
(b) Valves.

Question (iii)
The excretory system consists of:
(a) Kidney
(b) Bladder
(c) Urethra
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

Question (iv)
The muscular organ which beats continuously to act as a pump
(a) Auricles
(b) Kidney
(c) Heart
(d) Veins.
Answer:
(c) Heart.

Question (v)
Blood contains:
(a) Plasma
(b) WBC’s
(c) RBC’s
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Why is blood red in colour ?
Answer:
Red colour of blood is due to a pigment called haemoglobin which is a protein. It combines with iron molecules to form a complex compound and carries oxygen to different parts of the body. Due to the high amount of iron in it, it reflects the red color, which makes the colour of blood red.

Question (ii)
Define translocation.
Answer:
Translocation. The process of transmitting food materials from the leaves to other parts of the plant is called translocation.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants

Question (iii)
What is dialysis ?
Answer:
Dialysis. If a person’s both kidneys are damaged, the blood does not get filtered properly, causing harmful solids and fluid to pile up in the body. Such person cannot live long unless his blood is filtered regularly through an artificial kidney. The process of removing toxins from the blood with the help of a machine (artificial kidney), is called dialysis.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
State three functions of blood.
Answer:
Functions of blood:

  1. Oxygenated blood transfers nutrients to the lungs and tissues.
  2. The blood carries the waste products to the kidneys.
  3. The blood carries antibodies to fight infection.
  4. Blood controls body temperature.

Question (ii)
Name the parts of excretory system in humans.
Answer:
Parts of Excretory System in humans. The following are the main components of the humipi excretion system :

  1. Kidneys
  2. Ureters
  3. Urinary bladder
  4. Urethra.

Question (iii)
Why do veins have valves ?
Answer:
The main function of the valves in the veins is to stop the blood from coming back because they have low blood pressure. That is, it is ensured that the blood is flowing in one direction. The valves in the veins help the blood to flow to the heart in the opposite direction of gravity.

7. Long Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Write and explain the components of blood.
Answer:
Components of Blood. Blood is a fluid connective tissue, made up of four main components :
(1) Red blood cells,
(2) White blood cells,
(3) Platelets and
(4) Plasma.

(1) Red blood cells (R.B.C.). These contain proteins called haemoglobin which carry oxygen and carbon dioxide in the respiration process.

(2) White Blood Cells (W.B.C.). They destroy harmful bacteria and dead cells from the body and protects from infection.

(3) Platelets. They help build blood clotting. Thus stop the loss of precious blood.

(4) Plasma. It is also part of the blood, which contains proteins, hormones, glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, mineral salts, digestible and excretory substances. It is a major component of blood.

Question (ii)
Describe the function of Heart.
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants 1
Function of the Heart. The heart is an organ which beats continuously to act as a pump for the transportation of blood. The arteries receive oxygenated blood from the heart and supply it throughout the body. Whereas, the veins carry the deoxygenated blood from the body parts to the heart for oxygenation.

The right atrium receives blood from veins and pumps it to the right ventricle.
The right ventricle pumps the blood received from the right atrium to the lungs.
The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle. The left ventricle pumps the oxygenated blood throughout the body.
The valves in the heart allow blood to flow in only one direction and prevent the blood from flowing backwards.

Question (iii)
Draw a labelled diagram of excretory system.
Answer:
Diagram of Human Excretary System.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants 2

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants

Question (iv)
Differentiate between Arteries and Veins.
Answer:
Differences between the Arteries and Veins:

Arteries Veins
(1) The arteries carry blood from the heart to different parts of the body. (1) Veins collect blood from different parts of the body and carry it to the heart.
(2) They do not have valves. (2) They have valves.
(3) Their walls are thick. (3) Their walls are thin.
(4) All the arteries except the pulmonary artery carry pure blood. (4) Veins other than lung veins carry impure blood containing Carbon dioxide.
(5) These are present deep under the skin. (5) These are present at shallow depths under the skin
(6) Blood flow is fast and jerky. (6) Blood flow is slow.

Question (v)
Explain the transportation of substances in plants.
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants 3
Transport of substances in plants. Plants take water and carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere to prepare their food with the help of chlorophyll in the presence of sunlight. Water and mineral salts are absorbed by the roots and transported to the leaves where photosynthesis takes place.

Transport of water and minerals in plants. Plants get water and minerals from the soil. This is usually done by the roots. The roots have root hairs which increase the surface area of the roots which helps the roots to absorb water and the minerals dissolved in it. The emission of water in the leaves creates a force of attraction which helps water and nutrients to reach the top of plant. Plants have pipe-like vessels to transport water and nutrients from the soil. Veins are made up of a special type of dead cell called a Xylem.

Transportation of Food. Food produced by photosynthesis in plant leaves needs to be transported to every part of the plant. The tissue responsible for transporting food to plants is called the Phloem. The phloem carries the glucose produced in the leaves to all parts of the plant. The process of transfer of food prepared in the leaves to other parts of the plant is called transport.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Science Transportation in Animals and Plants Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(i) The blood from heart is transported to all parts of the body by …………….. .
Answer:
Arteries

(ii) Haemoglobin is present in ………………. cells.
Answer:
Red blood

(iii) Arteries and veins are joined by a network of ……………………….
Answer:
Capillaries

(iv) The rhythmic expansion and contraction of heart is called ………………….
Answer:
Heart beat

(v) The main excretory product in human beings is ……………….. .
Answer:
Urine

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants

(vi) Sweat contains water and ………………….
Answer:
Salts

(vii) Kidneys eliminate the waste materials in the liquid form called ………………. .
Answer:
Urine

(viii) Water reaches great height in the trees because of sunction pull caused by …………………….. .
Answer:
transpiration

2. Match the Column T with Column ‘II’:

Column ‘I’ Column ‘II’
(i) Stomata (a) Absorption of water
(ii) Xylem (b) Transpiration
(iii) Root hairs (c) Transport of food
(iv) Phloem (d) Transport of water

 Answer:

Column ‘I’ Column ‘II’
(i) Stomata (b) Transpiration
(ii) Xylem (d) Transport of water
(iii) Root hairs (a) Absorption of water
(iv) Phloem (c) Transport of food.

3. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
How many chambers are there in human heart ?
(a) One
(b) Two
(c) Three
(d) Four.
Answer:
(d) Four.

Question (ii)
Name the instrument used to measure heart beat.
(a) Stethoscope
(b) Horoscope
(c) Microscope
(d) Telescope.
Answer:
(a) Stethoscope.

Question (iii)
Which is excretory organ of man ?
(a) Lung
(b) Kidney
(c) Stomach
(d) Heart.
Answer:
(b) Kidney.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants

Question (iv)
What are the components of blood ?
(a) R.B.C.
(b) W.B.C.
(c) Blood platelets
(d) All of the above.
Answer:
(d) All of the above.

Question (v)
What is heart beat rate per minute of a healthy human being ?
(a) 72-80
(b) 52-60
(c) 92-100
(d) 62-70.
Answer:
(a) 72-80.

Question (vi)
Which of the following is not a part of excretory system ?
(a) Kidney
(b) Lungs
(c) Urinary bladder
(d) Urethra.
Answer:
(b) Lungs.

4. State True or False:

(i) The transport of substances in Spirogyra occurs by diffusion method.
Answer:
True

(ii) Platelets are not required for blood clotting.
Answer:
False

(iii) Emissions in Hydra are not by diffusion method.
Answer:
False

(iv) Xylem and phloem are vascular tissues.
Answer:
True

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the main conducting tissues in plants ?
Answer:
Xylem and phloem are the main conducting tissues of plants.

Question 2.
What is the function of valves in heart ?
Answer:
Valves present in heart allow one way flow of blood.

Question 3.
Name the procedure used in the working of an artificial kidney.
Answer:
Haemodialysis.

Question 4.
To which part of body is urine carried through ureter ?
Answer:
Urinary bladder.

Question 5.
What is Urethra ?
Answer:
Urethra. It is a muscular tube which carries urine from urinary bladder to outside through the opening at its end.

Question 6.
Name the substance which is excreted by lungs.
Answer:
Carbon dioxide.

Question 7.
What is dialysis ?
Answer:
Dialysis. The process of removing waste products form blood using artificial kidney in place of natural kidney, is called dialysis.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants

Question 8.
What is transpiration ?
Answer:
Transpiration. The loss of water in the form of water vapours from the surface of leaves is called transpiration.

Question 9.
What red pigment is present in red blood cells ?
Answer:
Haemoglobin.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are capillaries ? Give their functions.
Answer:
Capillaries. They are blood vessels present in the terminals of artery and vein. They are thin walled and extremely narrow tubes. Exchange of food materials, gases, w ater, hormones etc. take place across the thin walls of capillaries.

Question 2.
Name the parts of the human circulatory system.
Answer:
The circulatory system of the human body consists of:

  1. Heart, centrally located pump.
  2. Blood, liquid tissue.
  3. Arteries. Blood carrying tubes from the heart to different body parts.
  4. Veins. Blood bringing tubes from different body parts to the heart.
  5. Capillaries. Union of arteries and veins.

Question 3.
What are heart beat and pulse rate ?
Answer:
Heart beat. A heart beat consists of one auricular systole, one ventricular systole and then a short pause. At rest, human heart beats 72 times per minute. It can be listened with the help of stethoscope.

Pulse rate. When the ventricles contract, the blood is forced into the aorta and exerts the pressure on the wall of the aorta. The pressure difference between systole (about 120 mm Hg) and diastole (about 80 mm Hg) is known as pulse pressure (about 40 mm Hg). This blood pressure is expressed as 120/ 80. The heart beats 72 times per minute is referred to as the pulse rate.

Question 4.
Give reasons:
(i) Veins have valves at intervals in their inner lining whereas the arteries do not have valves.
(ii) The wall of the ventricles is thicker than that of the auricles.
(iii) The blood from the right ventricle enters the pulmonary artery, but cannot go back from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle.
(iv) The left auricle contains oxygenated blood.
(v) The red blood corpuscles cannot divide.
(vi) Pulmonary artery contains deoxygenated blood.
(vii) Auricles are thin walled chambers.
(viii) Left ventricle is much thicker and muscular than the right ventricle of the heart.
Answer:
(i) Veins are thin walled and collapsible. Their lumen is comparatively wide. They take deoxygenated blood from various parts of the body back to heart. To prevent the backflow of blood, valves are present at intervals.

Arteries are thick walled and non-collapsible. Their lumen is narrow. As the blood in arteries flows with jerks the latter do not have valves.

(ii) Since blood is supplied to different organs of the body by ventricles, their wall is thicker than those of auricles because a thick wall exerts more pressure on the blood.

(iii) The opening of right ventricle into the pulmonary artery is guarded by semilunar valves which allow the flow of blood from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery, but not in the reverse direction. Hence blood from the right ventricle enters the pulmonary artery, but cannot go back from pulmonary artery to right ventricle.

(iv) The left auricle contains oxygenated blood, because it receives blood from the lungs where blood is oxygenated.

(v) The red blood corpuscles cannot divide because they lack nuclei.

(vi) Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation.

(vii) Auricles are collecting chambers for the blood, so they are thin walled to accommodate large volume of blood.

(viii) Left ventricle has to pump blood all over the body, under pressure, through the dorsal aorta. Hence, more muscular.

Question 5.
Name the different organs of excretory system.
Answer:
Different organs of excretory system:

  1. Kidney
  2. Ureter
  3. Urinary bladder
  4. Urethra
  5. Urinary opening.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants

Question 6.
Why is transportation of food materials necessary in plants ?
Answer:
Necessity of transportation of food materials. Each and every part of plant needs food for obtaining energy, growth and maintaining body. As the food is prepared in the leaves and water is absorbed by roots from the soil, so, it is necessary to transport the food materials in plants.

Question 7.
Why is transport of materials necessary in plant or an animal ? Explain.
Answer:
Transportation of materials in plants and animals is necessary as each and every part of organism need food for obtaining energy and building and maintaining body. As the food is prepared in leaves and water is absorbed by roots in plants and absorbed by digestive system in living organisms. So it is necessary to transport the materials in the plants and animals.

Question 8.
What will happen if there are no platelets in the blood ?
Answer:
Platelets help in clotting of blood. So, in absence of platelets, blood will not clot. So, if a person gets injured once, the whole blood will flow out and hence a person may die.

Question 9.
What are components of blood ?
Answer:
Components of blood are:

  1. Fluid matrix called plasma.
  2. Red blood corpuscles (RBC)
  3. White blood corpuscles (WBC)
  4. Blood Platelets.

Question 10.
Why is blood needed by all parts of a body ?
Answer:
Need of blood:

  1. It transports oxygen and carbon dioxide.
  2. It helps in clotting.
  3. It carries nutritive and waste materials, enzymes and hormones etc.
  4. It helps in excretion of wastes.

Question 11.
What makes the blood look red ?
Answer:
Blood is red in colour due to presence of a pigment, haemoglobin in red blood corpuscles.

Question 12.
Describe the function of the heart.
Answer:
Functions of the heart :
The main function of heart is to pump blood to various parts of the body through blood
vessels.

The heart receives blood from the veins and pumps it to arteries. During relaxation both the atria get filled with blood. The left atrium is filled with oxygenated blood and right atrium gets filled with deoxygenated blood collected from different parts of the body.

When atria contracts, the valves open. As a result of this the oxygenated blood enters from the left atrium into the left ventricle while deoxygenated blood from right atrium enters into right ventricle.

When the ventricles contract, the valves get closed. Owing to it, the oxygenated blood is supplied to different parts of the body and deoxygenated blood is carried to lungs for purification.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants

Question 13.
Why is it necessary to excrete waste products ?
Answer:
Necessity to excrete waste products. As a result of various functions of cells, number of waste materials are formed in the body. Accumulation of these waste products may become toxic. So, these must be removed from the body as soon as these are formed.

Question 14.
Differentiate between Heart beat and Pulse rate.
Answer:
Differences between Heart beat and Pulse rate

Heart beat Pulse Rate
(i) It is the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of heart. (i) It is the rhythmic contraction and relaxation in aorta and its main arteries.
(ii) One complete heart beat consists of one systole and one diastole and lasts for about 0.8 second. (ii) Pulse is a regular jerk of an artery. It depends on the rate of heart beat.

Question 15.
Differentiate between Transpiration and Respiration.
Answer:
Difference between Transpiration and Respiration

Transpiration Respiration
(i) It takes place in plants. (i) It takes place in animals.
(ii) Only water vapour is removed. (ii) Sweat containing urea, uric acid and salts are removed.
(iii) It takes place through the leaves and stem and through the stomata and lenticles. (iii) It takes place through the skin. It takes place through the sweat pores of the sweat glands.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Describe the structure of the human excretory (urinary) system.
Answer:
The human excretory (urinary) system consists of the following organs:

  • Kidneys
  • Ureters
  • Urinary bladder
  • Urethra.

(i) Kidneys. The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped delicate organs. They are situated one on each side of the mid-dorsal line of the abdominal cavity, just below the level of the stomach.

(ii) Ureters. They are two tubes about 30 cm long, emerging from each kidney with the pelvis of which they are continuous. The ureters run downwards and inwards and open into the urinary bladder.

(iii) Urinary bladder. It serves as a reservoir for the urine. It is a hollow muscular organ lined with stratified epithelium. Its average capacity for storage of urine is about 500 ml.

(iv) Urethra. The urethra in the two sexes differs. The male urethra is about 20 cm in length. While that of females is only 1.5 cm in length.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants 4

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV)

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Computer Science Book Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Computer Science Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV)

Computer Guide for Class 7 PSEB Microsoft Word (Part-IV) Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
……………….. key is used to move the cursor in the next adjoining cell of a table.
(a) Ctrl
(b) Shift
(c) Tab
(d) Home.
Answer
(c) Tab

Question 2.
The table button is present on the …………. tab.
(a) Home
(b) Layout
(c) Insert
(d) View.
Answer
(c) Insert

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV)

Question 3.
We can change the width of the column by selecting the ………….. button in the Table Group.
(a) Select
(b) View Grid lines
(c) Properties
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Properties

Question 4.
A ………………. consists of a number of columns and rows.
(a) Document
(b) Table
(c) View
(d) Data.
Answer:
(b) Table

Question 5.
A ………….. is an intersection of columns and rows.
(a) Cell
(b) Table
(c) View
(d) Data.
Answer:
(a) Cell

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV)

2. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which key is used to move the cursor to the next cell in a table?
Answer:
Pressing the Tab key or right arrow keys moves the cursor to the next cell.

Question 2.
Intersection of a column and row is called?
Answer:
The intersection area of the row and column is called the cell.

Question 3.
Which group of Layout tab contains the split cells option?
Answer:
The split cell option is in the Merge group of the Layout tab.

Question 4.
Which option can be used to join two or more cells?
Answer:
Two or more cells can be merged using the Merge option.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV)

3. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define Table.
Answer:
A table is a collection of rows and columns where data is grouped together. Rows are placed horizontally and columns are placed vertically in the table and the intersection of a row and column is known as Cell. Cells are small boxes in the worksheet where we enter data.

Question 2.
Write the name of options for inserting a table in Word document?
Answer:
In MS Word, we can create tables in three ways:

  • With the help of Table Buttons.
  • With the help of Insert Table option.
  • With the help of Draw Table option.

Question 3.
What is the use of Split Cells option?
Answer:
Microsoft Word allows cells to be divided into multiple cells. Steps to divide a cell into several smaller sub-cells are as follows:

  • Place mouse pointer inside the cell that you want to split into several cells.
  • Now click on the “Layout” tab and then click on the “Split cells” button from the “Merge” group.
  • A “Split Cells” dialog box will open and ask about the Number of columns/ Number of Rows.
  • Select the required number of rows and columns.
  • Click the OK button.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV)

Question 4.
What is the use of Merged Cells option?
Answer:
Microsoft Word allows two or more cells to merge to form one large cell. You will often need to combine the columns in the top row to create a table title. You can combine cells row-by-column or column-by-column, you can’t mix cells diagonally.
The steps for merging cells are as follows:

  • Select the cells we want to merge.
  • Click the Merge Cells button from the Merge group on the Layout tab.
  • When clicked, this option will convert all selected cells into one cell.

Question 5.
How will you enter data in Table Cells?
Answer:
The steps for inserting text into a table are given below:
1. Click on the cell in which you want to insert the text.
2. Now type.
Or
You can also add text using copy paste.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV)

4. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How do you insert a table in your document? Explain any method briefly.
Answer:
In MS Word, we can create tables in three ways:
1. With the help of Table Buttons.
2. With the help of Insert Table option.
3. With the help of Draw Table option.

1. Creating a table using the Table Button
The following are the steps to create a table with the help of table button:

  • Place your cursor where you want to create the table.
  • In the Insert tab, click on the “Table” command from the Table group.
  • Now a grid will open.
  • From this grid, select the rows and columns according to your need.
  • The table you selected will now appear on the screen.

2. Creating a table using the Insert Table option
Below are the steps to create a table using the Insert Table option:

  • In the Insert tab, click on the “Table” command from the Table group.
  • A drop-down menu will open. Click on the “Insert Table” option from this menu.
  • The Insert Table dialog box will appear.
  • In this box, specify the number of rows and columns and click on the ok button.

3. Creating a table with the help-of a Draw table option
The steps to create a table with the help of a draw table option are as follows:

  • In the Insert tab, click on the Table command from the Table group.
  • A drop-down menu will open, click on the Draw Table option from this menu.
  • The mouse pointer will turn into a pencil.
  • Draw a rectangle on the page with the help of a pencil.
  • Draw vertical and horizontal lines to form columns and rows as needed.

Question 2.
Explain Properties button of Layout Tab.
Answer:
With the Table Properties dialog box we can adjust the alignment of the table and the size of the row, column or cell.
PSEB 7th ClPSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV) 1.1ass Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV) 1
In MS Word we can also split or merged the Cells into a table.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV)

PSEB 7th Class Computer Guide Microsoft Word (Part-IV) Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
Tables can be drawn in Word using the…………….and ……………. buttons.
(a) Home, Insert, Design table
(b) Table, Insert, Draw table
(c) Both Options are Correct
(d) Both Options are Incorrect.
Answer:
(b) Table, Insert, Draw table

Question 2.
……………. is called a set of rows and columns.
(a) Cell
(b) Table
(c) Documents
(d) None.
Answer:
(b) Table

Question 3.
The table command is available on the……………. tab.
(a) Home
(b) Design
(c) Review
(d) Insert.
Answer:
(d) Insert.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV)

Question 4.
With the…………….option we can draw tables as we wish.
(a) Insert Table
(b) Add Table
(c) Draw Table
(d) Quick Table.
Answer:
(c) Draw Table

Question 5.
Clicking the ……………. arrow button moves the cursor to the next cell.
(a) Left arrow
(b) Right arrow
(c) Down arrow
(d) Up arrow.
Answer:
(b) Right arrow

Question 6.
The ……………. option is used to convert text to a table.
(a) Insert Table
(b) Convert Table to Text
(c) Draw Table
(d)Convert Text to Table.
Answer:
(b) Convert Table to Text

Question 7.
Split table is present in ……………. group of Layout tab.
(a) Merge
(b) Clipboard
(c) Style
(d) Design.
Answer:
(a) Merge

Question 8.
The ……………. option adds a new cell to the right of the existing cell.
(a) Auto fill
(b) Insert right
(c) Insert left
(d) Merge cell.
Answer:
(b) Insert right

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV)

Question 9.
……………. option is used to delete the table.
(a) Merge Table
(b) Split Table
(c) Remove
(d) Delete Table.
Answer:
(d) Delete Table.

Question 10.
The ……………. option is used to add a new row at the above of insertion point.
(a) Insert Row
(b) Insert Below
(c) Insert Above
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(c) Insert Above

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV)

2. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the steps to covert text into table.
Answer:
Steps to convert text into table are as follows:

  • Select the text which you want to convert into table.
  • Click on the “Table” command in the ‘Table” group of the Insert tab.
  • Select the command “Convert Text To Table”.
  • The “Convert Text to Table” dialog box opens.
  • Select the desired option in the Separate text at section.
  • Click OK button.

Question 2.
With which tabs we can modify the table?
Answer:
Design and layout tabs are used to modify the tables.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV)

Question 3.
Write the steps to add a row into the table.
Answer:
In MS Word we have 2 ways to add row into the table. Which are as follows:
Method 1.
Below are the steps to add rows to the table:

  • Place the cursor in the table where you want to add the new row.
  • Now right click on the mouse, a drop-down menu will appear on the screen.
  • Click on the Insert option from this menu.
  • If you want to add a new row above the insertion point, click on the “Insert Row Above” option.
  • If you want to add a new row below the insertion point, click on the “Insert Row Below” option.
  • A new row will appear above the insertion point.

Method 2.
The step of adding rows to the table is given below:

  • Place the cursor in the table where you want to add the new row.
  • From the “Rows & Columns” group of the “Layout tab”, click on the “Insert Above/Insert Below” option.
  • A new row will appear below/above the insertion point

Question 4.
Write the steps to add columns from right click.
Answer:

  • Place the insertion point where you want to add new column.
  • Right-click on the mouse. A menu will appear.
  • Click on the Insert option from this menu.
  • If you want to add a new column to the left of the insertion point, click on the “Insert Column to the left” option.
  • If you want to add a new column to the right of the insertion point, click on the “Insert Column to the right” option.
  • A new column will now appear to the right or left of the cursor.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV)

Question 5.
Write the steps to remove a column.
Answer:
Here are the steps to delete a row or column from the table:

  • Select a row or column.
  • Right click your mouse. A menu will appear.
  • Click on the Delete Cells option.
  • A Delete Cell dialog box will now open.
  • Click “Delete entire column” option to delete the column.
  • The appropriate column will be deleted.

Delete columns using the Layout tab

  • Select the row or column you want to delete.
  • Click the “Delete” button from the Rows & Columns group of the Layout tab.
  • A drop-down menu will open.
  • From this menu, click the “Delete Column” option to delete the column.

3. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How can a table be converted into text and text into a table?
Answer:
Below are the steps for inserting text into a table:
1. Click on the cell in which you want to insert the text.
2. Now type
Or
You can also add text using copy paste

To Convert Text to a Table
Steps to convert text into table are as follows:

  • Select the text which you want to convert into table.
  • Click on the “Table” command in the “Table” group of the insert tab.
  • Select the command “Convert Murine of rows: Text To Table”.
  • The “Convert Text to Table” dialog box opens.
  • Select the desired option in the Separate text at section.
  • Click OK button.

Convert Table into Text:
Steps to convert table into text are as follows:

  • Select the rows of tables you want to convert to text.
  • On the Layout tab, in the Data section, click “Convert To Text”.
  • In the Convert Table box, under Separate Text With, click on the different character you want to use instead of the column boundaries. Rows will be separated by paragraph symbols.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV)

Question 2.
Write about the inclusion of a cell in a table.
Answer:
Adding Cells to Tables:
In MS Word, you can add a new cell around the selected cell, such as right, left, up or down. The steps to add a new cell are as follows:

  • Click in the cell.
  • Press the right mouse button inside the cell.
  • From this menu click “Insert” and then click “insert cell” option.
  • Choose which side of the selected cell you want new cell.
    PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV) 2

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV)

Question 3.
What are table properties and how they can be used?
Answer:
Properties of Tables
With the Table Properties dialog box we can adjust the alignment of the table and the size of the row, column or cell.
In MS Word we can also split or merged the Cells into a table.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV) 4

Question 4.
What is ‘Splitting’ and how to split a table, a cell?
Answer:
Splitting the Cell:
Microsoft Word allows cells to be divided into multiple cells. Steps to divide a cell into several smaller sub-cells are as follows:
1. Place mouse pointer inside the cell that you want to split into several cells.
2. Now click on the “Layout” tab and then click on the “Split cells” button from the “Merge” group.
PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV) 7
3. A “Split Cells” dialog box will open and ask about the Number of columns/ Number of Rows.
PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV) 8
4. Select the required number of rows and columns
5. Click the OK button.

Splitting the Table:
Microsoft Word allows a table to be split into multiple tables but a single operation always splits the table into two tables.
The following are simple steps to split a table into two tables in a World Document.
1. Place the cursor in the row that you want to be the first row of the second table.
2. Click the Split Table button ‘ from the Merge group on the Layout tab.
PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV) 9

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects

Science Guide for Class 7 PSEB Electric Current and Its Effects Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 175)

Question 1.
How many terminals are there in an electric cell? Name them.
Answer:
There are two terminals in an electric cell : (1) Positive and (2) Negative terminal.

Question 2.
What is the role of the switch in the electrical circuit?
Answer:
In electrical circuit the switch completes and breaks the circuit i.e. the switch is there to make the current flow in the complete electrical circuit and to stop the flow of current by breaking the circuit when required.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 176)

Question 1.
When switch is in ‘ON’ position then bulb …………………. and feels ……………… .
Answer:
Glows, hot.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 176)

Question 1.
When switch is OFF the wire feels hot. (True/False)
Answer:
False.

Question 2.
When switch is ON the wire feels cold. (True/False)
Answer:
False.

Question 3.
If you take any other wire, will you feel the same effect.
Answer:
Because the current heats up the wire because of thermal effect of electricity. It will feel the same when you take any other wire.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 178)

Question 1.
Why a magnetic needle point in NS direction when there is no magnetic substance near it ?
Answer:
A magnetic needle is a unique magnet with one end as the North Pole and the other as the South Pole. Our earth behaves like a giant magnet with its magnetic north pole coinciding with its geographical south direction and its magnetic south pole coinciding with geographical north direction. The North Pole of a magnetic needle that is a magnet is free to rotate horizontally on its axis is attracted towards the earth’s magnetic South Pole and the south pole of the magnetic needle towards the earth’s magnetic north pole. So even though no magnetic substance nearby, the magnetic needle still points north-south direction.

Question 2.
Why magnetic needle gets deflected when a bar magnet is brought near it ?
Answer:
Similar poles of magnets repel each other and opposite poles attract each other. So when the rod magnet is brought close to the magnetic needle (which is a tight magnet), the magnetic needle, which is free to rotate, disintegrates.

Question 3.
Why a magnetic needle gets deflected when current is switched on ?
Answer:
When the electric current is turned on, the magnetic field indicates that a magnet is located near it as current carrying wire behaves like a magnet.

PSEB 7th Class Science Guide Electric Current and Its Effects Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(i) Shorter line in the symbol for cell represents …………………. .
Answer:
Negative terminal

(ii) Combination of two or more cells is called …………………. .
Answer:
Battery

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects

(iii) When key is in ………………….. position current flows through the circuit.
Answer:
On

(iv) In a battery positive terminal of one cell is connected to ………………….. terminal of next cell.
Answer:
Positive

(v) Electric heater works on the ………………… effect of current.
Answer:
Heating

2. State True or False:

(i) To make a battery of two cells, positive terminal of one cell is connected to negative terminal of another.
Answer:
True

(ii) Electric iron works on the basis of heating effect of current.
Answer:
True

(iii) Magnetic crane is based on magnetic effect of current.
Answer:
True

(iv) When current flows in the circuit then circuit is called open circuit.
Answer:
False

(v) An electric bell works on the principle of electromagnet.
Answer:
True

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects

3. Match the Column ‘I’ with Column ‘II’:

Column ‘I’ Column ‘II’
(i) Electrical cell (a) Electric component
(ii) Electrical heater (b) Heating effect of current
(iii) Electric fuse (c) Electromagnet
(iv) Magnetic crane (d) Safety device

Answer:

Column ‘I’ Column ‘II’
(i) Electrical cell (d) Safety device
(ii) Electrical heater (b) Heating effect of current
(iii) Electric fuse (a) Electric component
(iv) Magnetic crane (c) Electromagnet

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Which appliance is not based on heating effect of current?
(a) Electric toaster
(b) Loudspeaker
(c) Heater
(d) Electric iron.
Answer:
(b) Loudspeaker.

Question (ii)
Which of these devices are not based on magnetic effect of current ?
(a) Room heater
(b) Magnetic crane
(c) Electric bell
(d) Loudspeaker.
Answer:
(a) Room heater

Question (iii)
The amount of heat produced in wire depends on:
(a) Nature of material
(b) Length
(c) Thickness
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

Question (iv)
The wire used in the bulb is called:
(a) Element
(b) Spring
(c) Filament
(d) Component.
Answer:
(c) Filament.

Question (v)
An electric bell consists of:
(a) Gong
(b) Hammer
(c) Electromagnet
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What is an electromagnet ? How does it work ?
Answer:
Electromagnet. A piece of iron temporarily becomes a magnet when placed inside a current carrying coil of enamel-coated copper wire.
While when the electric current is switched off. it behaves like iron again i.e. it loses its magnetic properties.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects

Question (ii)
What is a magnetic crane ? How does it work ?
Answer:
Magnetic Crane. It is a normal crane with a powerful electromagnet attached to one end. When a current is passed, it becomes a powerful magnet which attracts and separates the iron from the garbage and when the electric current is switched off, it loses its magnetic properties.

Question (iii)
Draw an electric circuit with one battery, one bulb and one switch in open position.
Answer:
Diagram of an electrical circuit with a battery, a bulb, and an open switch.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 1

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Define the following:
(1) An Electric cell,
(2) A Battery,
(3) Electric circuit,
(4) Open circuit,
(5) Closed circuit.
Answer:
(1) An Electric Cell. It is a source of energy that converts chemical energy stored in it
into electrical energy. It has two electrodes – (1) positive electrode and (2) negative electrode.

(2) A Battery. This is a combination of two or more cells that are combined in a series order to get current. It is used in flashlights, toys and cars etc. where more current is required.

(3) Electric Circuit. The path that starts from one terminal of the cell through the bulb, reaches the other terminal and in which electric current can flow.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 2
(4) Open Circuit. If there is no current flowing through the electrical circuit, then such a circuit is called open circuit.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 3
5. Closed Circuit. An electrical circuit through which an electric current flows is called a closed circuit.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 4

7. Long Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Explain the principle, construction and working of an electric bell using suitable diagram.
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 5
Electric bell. It is a mechanical device that works on the principle of an electro magnet. This produces sound on repeated passing of electric current

Principle. A soft iron piece placed inside a copper coil carrying current behaves like a magnet.
Construction. It consists of the following main components:
1. Electromagnet. It consists of a laminated metal wire which is wrapped around an iron bar. This bar becomes an electriomagnet when an electric current passes through wire.
2. Hammer. It is an iron blade/ leaf with a small metal ball at one end called a hammer. It is placed near the electromagnet. There is a contact screw near the iron leaf.
3. Gong. It is made of a cup shaped metal. When the hammer is attracted it hits the bell and a sound is heard.

Working.
When we turn on the switch, Battery the contact screw comes in contact with the iron leaf due to which an electric current flows in the electric coil and it becomes an electromagnet. This electromagnet attracts the iron leaf, causing the hammer to strike the bell and make a sound but during this operation the contact of the hammer is broken by the screw which breaks the electrical circuit. Due to this the coil now has the same properties as an electromagnet and cannot attract an iron leaf. Now the iron leaf returns to its original position and touches the contact screw again. It again generates an electromagnet and the hammer strikes the bell again. This action is repeated quickly and the bell rings again and again.

Question (ii)
What is an electric fuse ? How does it work ? Why is it an essential component in an electric supply ?
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 6

Electric Fuse.
It is a safety device which prevents damages to electric circuits and prevents electric fires. Sometimes, the two wires of electricity at home and factories come in contact with each other and cause short circuit then the amount of electric current of circuit increases as a result of decrease in resistance and the electric appliances. The circuit catch fire due to production of heat. To Prevent this type of danger, fuse wires are connected to circuit wires.

Working.
In general, the fuse wire is a thin, small wire which is an alloy of copper, tin and lead. It has a very low melting point as compared to copper. This wire is connected between the two terminals of a Porcelain holder. For the circuit which is to keep safe, the two joining wires are connected in series.

The fuse wire has a fixed capacity according to its thickness. The fuse wire, when more current passes through it, melts after getting heated. The circuit breaks with the melting of the wire and the flow of electric current is obstructed. As a result the fault in any instrument or circuit is found out immediately. After removing that fault, a new fuse wire is put in fuse holder and the flow of electric current is started again.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Science Electric Current and Its Effects Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(i) An electrical circuit with standard symbols is called ………………….. .
Answer:
Circuit diagram

(ii) When we bring the switch to ‘ON’ position, the hot plate, electric toaster, and electric press get heated up due to ……………….. _ of electricity.
Answer:
Heating effect

(iii) Fuse is a ………………. device.
Answer:
Safety

(iv) Laminated copper wire wound around a wooden cylinder is called ………………. .
Answer:
Coil

(v) Magnet has two poles, one is ……………… pole and other is ……………… pole.
Answer:
North, South

(vi) Long line in the symbol of electric cell represents ……………… terminal.
Answer:
Positive

2. Match the Column ‘I’ with Column ‘II’:

Column ‘I’ Column ‘II’
(i) Circuit diagram (a) Making an electromagnet due to current
(ii) Electric bell (b) Electric fuse
(iii) Safety technique (c) Fuse wire
(iv) Melts quickly. (d) An electrical circuit with standard symbols

Answer:

Column ‘I’ Column ‘II’
(i) Circuit diagram (d) An electrical circuit with standard symbols
(ii) Electric bell (a) Making an electromagnet due to current
(iii) Safety technique (b) Electric fuse
(iv) Melts quickly. (c) Fuse wire

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects

3. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
The device that breaks the electrical circuit:
(a) Electric Cell
(b) Electric Bulb
(c) Switch
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(c) Switch.

Question (ii)
There are ……………… terminals of electric bulbs:
(a) Two
(b) Four
(c) Three
(d) One
Answer:
(a) Two.

Question (iii)
Used to make connecting wires:
(a) Rubber
(c) Plastic
(b) Aluminium
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(b) Aluminium.

Question (iv)
An electric current passed through an electric bulb but the bulb did not light up because:
(a) The filament is broken
(b) The filament is resistant to electricity
(c) The filament is the conductor of electricity
(d) None of these.
Answer:
The filament is broken.

Question (v)
The direction of electric current flowing from the cell in the electrical circuit is:
(a) From the positive terminal to the negative terminal
(b) From the negative terminal to the negative terminal
(c) Negative to positive terminal for the first half and positive to negative terminal for the next half.
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) From the positive terminal to negative terminal.

Question (vi)
Melting point of fuse wire should be:
(a) low
(b) high
(c) neither high nor low
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(a) low.

Question (vii)
The filament of the bulb is made of:
(a) Iron
(b) Copper
(c) Tungsten
(d) Tin.
Answer:
(c) Tungsten.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects

Question (viii)
Fuse wire is made of:
(a) Tin
(b) Aluminium
(c) Lead
(d) Copper.
Answer:
(a) Tin.

Question (ix)
What is the reason for deflection of compass when the switch in ‘ON’ position ?
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 7
(a) Due to heat
(b) Formation of Magnetic Field
(c) Due to Chemical Reaction
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(b) Formation of Magnetic Field.

4. State True or False:

(i) The electromagnet attracts the safety pin when the flow of electric current is stopped.
Answer:
False

(ii) The strength of electromagnet doesn’t depend up on the number of turns of the coil wrapped around it.
Answer:
False

(iii) The direction of flow of electric current in an electrical circuit is from positive terminal to negative terminal.
Answer:
True

(iv) To make a battery, two or more cells have to be joined in series by connecting the negative terminal of the first cell to the positive terminal of the second cell and the negative terminal of the second cell to the positive of third cell.
Answer:
True

(v) The same poles of a magnet attract and opposite poles repel each other.
Answer:
False

(vi) To make battery of two cells the negative terminal to one cell is connected to negative terminal of another cell.
Answer:
False

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
From where does the torch get electricity ?
Answer:
Electric cell.

Question 2.
How many terminals an electric cell has ?
Answer:
Two terminals, one + ve and other – ve.

Question 3.
What is the function of an electric switch ?
Answer:
To make or break the electric circuit.

Question 4.
Which bulb does not glow even if it is connected to the cell ?
Answer:
Fused bulb.

Question 5.
What is the main reason of fused bulb ?
Answer:
A broken filament.

Question 6.
What is an electromagnet ?
Answer:
Electromagnet. A piece of soft iron which acquires magnetic properties on passing electric current, through a solenoid wound around iron piece, is called electromagnet.

Question 7.
On which factor does magnetism produced depends ?
Answer:
The magnetism produced depends on:

  1. Amount of current flowing through the coil.
  2. Number of turns wound on the soft iron piece.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Show how will you connect a bulb and a torch cell to make it glow ?
Answer:
Diagram showing connection of a bulb and torch cell.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 8

Question 2.
How can you test the conductivity of a given material ?
Answer:
To test conductivity of a given material, we connect the two ends of that material to positive (+) and negative (-) terminal of a cell through a bulb. If after connecting the material the bulb lights up, the material is a conductor and if bulb does not light up, the material is an insulator.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 9

Question 3.
Draw in your note book the symbols to represent the following components of an electrical circuit, connecting wires, switch in the ‘OFF’ position, Bulb, Cell, Switch in the ‘ON’ position and Battery.
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 10

Question 4.
Name any two effects of electric current.
Answer:
Effects of electric current:

  1. Heating effect
  2. Magnetic effect.

Question 5.
When the current is switched on through a wire, a compass needle kept nearby gets deflected from its north-south position. Explain.
Answer:
On passing current, the wire behaves like a bar magnet and affects the compass needle kept nearby so that it gets deflected from its N – S position.

Question 6.
An electrician is carrying out some repairs in your house. He wants to replace a fuse by a piece of wire. Would you agree ? Give reasons for your suggestion.
Answer:
Fuse wire cannot be replaced by any wire because fuse wire must have low melting point. If any other ordinary wire is used then it may result in fire and destroy other electrical appliances.

Question 7.
What are the basic requirements for an electric circuit.
Answer:
The basic requirements of an electric circuit are:

  • Source of current (cell, battery etc.).
  • Electric device for supplying electric current.
  • Connectivity wires (for providing a path to the flow of current).
  • Switch (for making and breaking the circuit).

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects

Question 8.
Do you think an electromagnet can be used for separating plastic bags from a garbage heap ? Explain.
Answer:
No, plastic bags cannot be separated from garbage heap using an electromagnet because electromagnet can attract only magnetic materials towards it. If these plastic bags have metal / iron handles, only then they can be lifted by using an electromagnet.

Question 9.
Will the compass needle show deflection, when the switch in circuit shown in fig. given below is closed ?
Answer:
The compass needle will show deflection because circuit is complete. It is because when switch is closed, passage of current will produce a magnetic field around the in which causes deflection of compass needle.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 11

Question 10.
Zubeda made an electric circuit using a cell holder shown in fig. a switch and a bulb. When she put the switch in the ‘ON’ position the bulb did not glow. Help Zubeda in identifying the possible defect in the circuit.
Answer:
She may have connected -ve terminal to -ve terminal or positive terminal to the positive terminal in a cell holder.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 12

Question 11.
Fig. given below shows four cells fixed on a board. Draw lines to indicate how will you connect their terminals with wires to make a battery of four cells.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 13
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 14

Question 12.
The bulb in the circuit shown in fig. given below does not glow. Can you identify the problem ? Make necessary changes in the circuit to make the bulb glow.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 15
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 16

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
What is an electromagnet ? How can it be prepared ? What are the factors that affect its power ? Also write down the uses of electromagnets.
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 17
Electromagnet.
A piece of iron wrapped by enamel-coated copper wire forming a coil. This piece of iron temporarily becomes a magnet when an electric current passes through coil. Such a magnet is called Electromagnet.

Making an electromagnet.
Take approximately 6-10 cm long iron nail and a 50 cm plastic coated wire. Wrap the wire around the iron nail in the form of a coil. Connect the independent ends of the wire to the terminals of the power cell through the switch as shown in the figure.

Turn the switch on and now bring some pins closer to the end of the nail. You will notice that the pins are pulled towards the nail, because the coil behaves like a magnet when an electric current passes through it. An iron nail lies in this magnetic field also becomes a magnet. When the flow of electric current ceases the magnetic effect of the coil and then of the nail disappears. This coil-nail setup becomes an electromagnet.

Factors Affecting the Power of Electromagnetism:

  • Strength of electric current.
  • The number of turns of wire wrapped around the iron nail.

Uses of electromagnets:

  • To lift heavy iron objects and to separate the magnetic material from the heap of scrap: a strong electromagnet is placed at one end of the crane.
  • Electromagnets are also used in many toys.
  • Doctors use an electromagnet to remove a small piece of magnetic material that may have entered the eye of a worker accidentally.
  • It is also used in many devices: such as an electric bells, telegraphs, telephones, speakers, etc.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 14 Water Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 14 Water

Science Guide for Class 6 PSEB Water Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 145)

Question 1.
Does every person use same quantity of water every day ?
Answer:
No, every person does not use same quantity of water every day.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 146)

Question 1.
What happens to ice-cream when it is taken out of the refrigerator ?
Answer:
It melts.

Question 2.
What is the state of ice-cream ?
Answer:
Solid.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 147)

Question 1.
What happens when you spill water on the floor in hot summer days ?
Answer:
It evaporates

Question 2.
Why cow’ dung cakes are kept in sunlight ?
Answer:
To become dry as a result of evaporation of water.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 148)

Question 1.
Why do we observe water droplets outside water bottle when taken out from a refrigerator ?
Answer:
The temperature outside refrigerator is warmer and when the bottle comes out of refrigerator, the water vapour present in air condenses and forms droplets of water on surface of bottle. This process is known as condensation.

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide Water Textbook Questions and Answers

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) The process of changing of water into its vapour is called ………………….
Answer:
evaporaion

(b) The process of changing water vapour into water is called …………………
Answer:
condensation

(c) No rainfall for a year or more may lead to ……………… in that region.
Answer:
drought

(d) Excessive rains may cause …………………..
Answer:
clood

(e) Three states of water are …………………….. , ……………….. and ………………. .
Answer:
solid, liquid and gas

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water

(f) In plants, transpiration takes place through …………….
Answer:
stomata

2. Write True or False:

(a) Ice on cooling changes to steam.
Answer:
Flase

(b) Evaporation of water takes place in sunlight.
Answer:
Flase

(c) We should not repair the pipe having leakage.
Answer:
Flase

(d) Water in ocean is fit for drinking.
Answer:
Flase

(e) Drip irrigation method is useful for farming.
Answer:
True

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

Column A Column B
1. Water conservation (a) Solid form of water
2. Snow (b) Sunny day
3. Precipitation (c) Rainwater harvesting
4. Evaporation (d) Ground water
5. Fresh water (e) Rain from clouds

Answer:

Column A Column B
1. Water conservation (c) Rainwater harvesting
2. Snow (a) Solid form of water
3. Precipitation (e) Rain from clouds
4. Evaporation (b) Sunny day
5. Fresh water (d) Ground water.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
How much part of earth is covered with water ?
(ci) two third
(b) half
(c) one third
(d) three fourth.
Answer:
(d) three fourth

Question (ii)
Fog appearing on a cold winter morning is the result of:
(a) Condensation
(b) evaporation
(c) Precipitation
(d) none.
Answer:
(a) Condensation

Question (iii)
Which of the source of water is not used for drinking?
(a) river
(b) ocean
(c) dam
(d) lake.
Answer:
(b) ocean

Question (iv)
Process of conversion of gas into liquid is called:
(a) Evaporation
(b) Melting
(c) Condensation
(d) Boiling.
Answer:
(c) Condensation

Question (v)
About how much percentage of water is present in human body:
(a) 60%
(b) 70%
(c) 80%
(d) 90%.
Answer:
(b) 70%

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What are two main sources of water ?
Answer:
Main sources of water are surface water and ground water.

Question (ii)
What is the advantage of drip irrigation ?
Answer:
Advantage of drip irrigation is that water and other nutrients are directly delivered to plants.

Question (iii)
What is the effect of temperature on evaporation ?
Answer:
The rate of evaporation increases with increase of temperature.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water

Question (iv)
Differentiate between ground water and surface water.
Answer:
Ground water is found below the surface of earth and is safe for drinking.
Surface water is found in lakes, rivers, wells and reservoirs.

Question (v)
What is transpiration ?
Answer:
The process by which water is lost in the air by plants is called transpiration.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Explain floods and its effects.
Answer:
The overflow of large amount of water beyond its normal limits is known as flood. Effects of Flood.

  1. Many people and animals die.
  2. Some people become homeless.
  3. Wide-spread of communicable diseases.

Question (ii)
Define condensation. Give two examples.
Answer:
The process of conversion of gaseous form back to liquid form is called condensation.
Examples are :

  1. Fogging of windshield or rear view of car.
  2. Dew on leaves of grass on a winter morning.

Question (iii)
Explain formation of clouds.
Answer:
When we go higher from the surface of earth, the temperture falls. The air becomes so cool that the water vapours condense to form water droplets. These water droplets together in air are clouds.

Question (iv)
Write three ways to conserve water.
Answer:
Three ways to conserve water are :

  1. Rain water harvesting
  2. Recycling of water
  3. Turning off tap when not in use.

Question (v)
What is drought and what are its effects ?
Answer:
A period when there is very little or no rainfall is called drought. Effects of Drought :

  1. Soil becomes dry and infertile due to loss of water.
  2. Ponds become dry and level of water in wells goes down.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water

7. Long Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Explain the uses of water.
Answer:
Water is a very vital resource and is used for many purposes. Some of the uses of water are mentioneded below :
Uses of Water.

  1. It maintains temperature on earth.
  2. It is used for drinking, bathing, washing, etc.
  3. Running or flowing water is used for generating electricity.
  4. It is used for irrigation of crops.
  5. It is also used for cleanng, cooking, watering plants, etc.

Question (ii)
Explain water cycle with diagram.
Answer:
Water cycle in nature. Water falls on earth in the form of rain, dew, snow etc. This
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water 1
water falls in ponds, streams, oceans and some water seeps down the earth. With the heat of sun, the water evaporates from the streams, ponds, oceans etc. and fills the atmosphere with water vapours. These water vapours on cooling get condensed and form clouds. These clouds come back on earth in form of rains. So, this cycle goes on.

Question (iii)
Why there is need to conserve water ? Write technique of rain water harvesting.
Answer:
Fresh water is only 2.59% on earth and is in very low amount that can be used for drinking or human consumption. So, we must conserve the water.

Rain Harvesting. It is a technique which involves collection and storage of rain water and its reuse, it is the simplest and oldest method.

Techniques of rain harvesting. The most commonly used technique used for rain water harvesting is roof top rain water harvesting.

Roof Top Rain Water harvesting. In this rain water is collected on the roof of house and then stored in storage tank through pipes. This stored water can be used for any purpose.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water 2

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Water Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
The process of conversion of water into vapours is:
(a) Evaporation
(b) Transpiration
(c) Condensation
(d) None.
Answer:
(a) Evaporation

Question 2.
The process of converting water vapours into water is:
(a) Evaporation
(b) Transpiration
(c) Condensation
(d) None.
Answer:
(c) Condensation

Question 3.
We use water in:
(a) Industry
(b) Agriculture
(c) Domestic needs
(d) Industry agriculture and domestic needs.
Answer:
(d) Industry agriculture and domestic needs.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water

Question 4.
Saline water is found in:
(a) Seas
(b) Taps
(c) Lakes
(d) nowhere.
Answer:
(a) Seas

Question 5.
Hot air causes:
(a) Transpiration
(b) Evaporation
(c) Condensation
(d) None.
Answer:
(b) Evaporation

Question 6.
Water cycle is a phenomenon:
(a) Fast
(b) Slow
(c) Medium
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Slow

Question 7.
To get 1 kg of wheat grains evaporated. from wheat plant litre water gets
(a) 100
(b) 200
(c) 400
(d) 500.
Answer:
(d) 500

Question 8.
Excessive rainfall causes:
(a) Drought
(b) Flood
(c) Storm
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Flood

Question 9.
of earth is covered with water.
(a) 33%
(b) 67%
(c) 25%
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) 67%

Question 10.
Water is available in plenty from:
(a) River
(b) Well
(c) Sea
(d) Rain.
Answer:
(c) Sea

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water

Question 11.
Change of water vapours into water is called:
(a) Vaporisation
(b) Transpiration
(c) Condensation
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Vaporisation

Question 12.
Change of water vapours into water is called:
(a) Evaporation
(b) Transpiration
(c) Condensation
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Condensation

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) We use water for many …………….. .
Answer:
activities

(b) We get water from …………… .
Answer:
taps

(c) ……………. , ……………… and …………… are sources of water.
Answer:
Ponds, lakes, wells

(d) About …………… of earth is covered with water.
Answer:
2/3rd

(e) ………………. water is saline.
Answer:
Sea

(f) ………………… is needed to convert water into water vapour.
Answer:
Heat

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water

(g) The warm air provides heat for evaporation of water in ……………… areas.
Answer:
shady

(h) About …………….. litres of water is transpirated by wheat plants to provide 1 kilogram of wheat.
Answer:
500

(i) Clouds are ………………. that remain floating in air.
Answer:
tiny droplets

(j) Snow is another form of ……………… .
Answer:
water

(k) Open wells are fed by ………….. .
Answer:
ground water

(l) Water cycle is a ……………. process.
Answer:
slow

(m) Excess rainfall leads to many ………………..
Answer:
problems

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water

(n) In ……………… conditions, food and fodder are scarce.
Answer:
drought

(o) The ………………. of water is increasing day-by-day.
Answer:
demand

(p) Collecting rain water is ……………… .
Answer:
rain water harvesting

(q) Excess rains are cause of …………….. .
Answer:
floods

Write (T) against true and (F) against false statements.

(a) Every region in the world get same amount of water.
Answer:
False

(b) Plants need water to grow.
Answer:
True

(c) Industries have no use of water.
Answer:
False

(d) Water can evaporate from any place either in shade or sunlight.
Answer:
True

(e) Plants transpirate water in the absence of sunlight.
Answer:
True

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water

(f) Heating increases the evaporation.
Answer:
True

(g) Clouds are nothing but condensed water.
Answer:
True

(h) Never waste water.
Answer:
True

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
In which structures, the vast quantity of water is available ?
Answer:
Seas or Oceans.

Question 2.
What is nature of water in seas ?
Answer:
Salty (Saline).

Question 3.
When water evaporates from the seas, lakes, rivers etc, what happens to the salts dissolved in it ?
Answer:
Salts remain behind.

Question 4.
Is evaporation a fast process ?
Answer:
No, it is a slow process.

Question 5.
What is dew ?
Answer:
Dew is condensed water vapour.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water

Question 6.
What is rain ?
Answer:
Falling of droplets on earth after becoming heavy is rain.

Question 7.
Besides rain, how water returns to the earth ?
Answer:
In the form of hail or snow.

Question 8.
Evaporation, Transpiration, Condensation are processes of which cycle ?
Answer:
Water cycle.

Question 9.
What is ground water ?
Answer:
Rain water seeps into the soil and gets collected on a rock. This collected water is ground water. It is pure.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write few uses of water.
Answer:
Uses of water.

  1. For drinking, bathing, washing etc.
  2. For cooking, cleaning, watering the plants etc.
  3. For crop growth.
  4. For generating electricity.
  5. In many industries like textile industries and food processing industries.

Question 2.
What is evaporation ? Which factors increase the evaporation ?
Answer:
Evaporation. The process of conversion of liquid into its vapours is called evaporation. Factors responsible for increasing evaporation are :

  • Wind. More wind results in speedy evaporation
  • Sunlight. More sunlight increases the speed of evaporation. This is why evaporation is fast during summer and slow during winter.
  • Exposed Surface Area. When the surface area is large, the speed or rate of evaporation is high.
  • Humidity. If the humidity in the surrounding is high then the speed of evaporation is low and if the humidity is low then the rate of evaporation is low.

Question 3.
Water disappears from the wet clothes. Why ?
Answer:
Heat from sun converts water into water vapours which get disappeared in the air.

Question 4.
What are clouds ?
Answer:
Clouds are nothing but condensed water vapours in the sky.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water

Question 5.
Why is sea water not fit for drinking purposes ?
Answer:
Sea water contains many salts in it thus giving water a salty or saline taste. This salty water is not fit for drinking purposes.

Question 6.
What are effects of excessive rains ?
Answer:
Effects of excessive rains.

  • Excessive rains will increase the level of water in ponds, rivers, seas etc. resulting in floods.
  • Excessive rains can result in floods. These floods can cause damage to property, life and crops.

Question 7.
What is rain water harvesting ? Why is it done ?
Answer:
Rain water harvesting. The collection of rain water in tanks etc. is called rain water harvesting.
Need of rain water harvesting. We must do rain harvesting because of the following reasons :

  1. To increase the availability of water.
  2. To store water for later use when its scarcity is felt.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
List sources of water. Explain briefly.
Answer:
Sources of water. At homes we get water from taps, but the main sources of water are :
(i) Ponds
(ii) Lakes
(iii) Rivers
(iv) Wells
(v) Sea water
(vi) Rain.

(i) Ponds. Ponds are low lying areas in which rain water or river water gets collected.

(ii) Lakes. Lakes are natural sources of water. They may contain salts in them.

(iii) Rivers. Rivers contain water formed by melting of snow on the mountains. These rivers many be flowing all year round or temporarily during a particular season. These rivers also have rain water in it. There may be or may not be impurities in them.

(iv) Wells. A part of rain-water seeps into the ground through soil. It reaches the bottom areas of earth’s crust and collects there as a water body. This water is put to use by bor wells and hand pumps.

(v) Sea water. Oceans are big reservoirs of water. Most of the rivers fall into the sea and thus carry dissolved salts and impurities into the sea. That is why, sea water is salty in taste.

(vi) Rain. The rain drops in the form of a cloud are almost pure. But rain water gets contaminated due to gases from atmosphere, particulate matter, acid fumes and micro-organisms floating in the air. We get rain only during specific period i.e. monsoon season in our country.

Question 2.
What is Rain ? What will happen if it does not rain at all ?
Answer:
Rain. When the water vapours in the cloud become too heavy, it falls back to the ground as rain. The earth receives heavy rain at some part of the year. Some parts do not get enough of rainfall. It affects the human, plants and animal life. If at certain places there will not be rain for a year then the soil becomes dry and drought. As most of the soil water evaporates and transpirates from the plants, rivers, ponds and wells, it will dry and water table would lower down. All this affects the humans, animals and wild plants. If it continues for one or two years in continuation, it results into drought.

Question 3.
What will happen if it keeps raining continuously ?
Answer:
Consequences of continuous rains. Rains bring a lot of enjoyment and pleasant weather especially after hot days. However, if it rains heavily, you might have noticed water getting collected here and there and at times causing disruption of normal life.

In case of continuous rains the water level of rivers, lakes and ponds will rise. The soil surface will get laden with water resulting into flood. When the soil gets too much of water, air in the soil comes out of it. Due to lack of air the animals living inside the soil also come out of it. Heavy rains also result in the loss of crops due to overflooding.

Question 4.
Explain and draw a neat diagram of water cycle in nature.
Answer:
Answer:
Water cycle in nature. Water falls on earth in the form of rain, dew, snow etc. This
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water 1
waterfalls in ponds, streams, oceans, and some water seep down the earth. With the heat of the sun, the water evaporates from the streams, ponds, oceans, etc., and fills the atmosphere with water vapours. These water vapours on cooling get condensed and form clouds. These clouds come back on earth in form of rains. So, this cycle goes on.

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Sound

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 13 Sound Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 13 Sound

PSEB 8th Class Science Guide Sound Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercises

Question 1.
Choose the correct answer.
Sound can travel through
(a) gases only
(b) solids only
(c) liquids only
(d) solids, liquids and gases.
Answer:
(d) solids, liquids and gases.

Question 2.
Voice of which of the following is likely to have minimum frequency ?
(a) Baby girl
(b) Baby boy
(c) A man
(d) A woman.
Answer:
(c) A man.

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Sound

Question 3.
In the following statements, tick T against those which are true, and F against those which are false:
(a) Sound cannot travel in vacuum.
Answer:
True

(b) The number of oscillations per second of a vibrating object is called its time period.
Answer:
False

(c) If the amplitude of vibration is large, sound is feeble.
Answer:
False

(d) For human ears, the audible range is 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz
Answer:
True

(e) The lower the frequency of vibration, the higher is the pitch.
Answer:
False

(f) Unwanted or unpleasant sound is termed as music.
Answer:
False

(g) Noise pollution may cause partial hearing impairment.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
(a) Time taken by an object to complete one oscillation is called ………………….
(b) Loudness is determined by the ………………. of vibration.
(c) The unit of frequency is ……………… .
(d) Unwanted sound is called ………………… .
(e) Shrillness of a sound is determined by the …………………. of the vibration.
Answer:
(a) Time period,
(b) amplitude,
(c) Hertz (Hz),
(d) noise,
(e) frequency.

Question 5.
A pendulum oscillates 40 times in 4 seconds. Find its time period and frequency.
Number of oscillations
Solution:
Frequency = PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Sound 1
= \(\frac{40}{4}\)
= 10 Hz.
Time period = \(\frac{1}{\text { Frequency }}\)
= \(\frac{1}{10}\)
= 0.1 s.

Question 6.
The sound from a mosquito is produced when it vibrates its wings at an average rate of 500 vibrations per second. What is the time period of the vibration ?
Solution:
Frequency 500 vibrations = 500 Hz
Time period = ?
We know, time period = \(\frac{1}{\text { Frequency }}\)
= \(\frac{1}{500}\)
= \(\frac{2 \times 1}{2 \times 500}\)
= \(\frac{2}{1000}\)
= 2 × 10-3 s

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Sound

Question 7.
Identify the part which vibrates to produce sound in the following instruments ?
(a) Dholak
(b) Sitar
(c) Flute.
Answer:

Instrument Vibrating part
(а) Dholak Stretched membrane
(b) Sitar String
(c) Flute Air column.

Question 8.
What is difference between noise and music ? Can music become noise sometime ?
Answer:
Differences between noise and music:

Noise Music
1. It is an unpleasant sound. 1. It is a pleasant sound.
2. It causes discomfort. 2. It has a soothing effect.
3. It can lead to health problems. 3. No health problems are associated with it.

Yes, music can become noise when music is too loud, then it becomes a noise.

Question 9.
List sources of noise pollution in your surroundings.
Answer:
Sources of noise pollution:

  1. Sounds of vehicles.
  2. Loudspeakers.
  3. Working Machines.
  4. Bursting of crackers.
  5. Desert coolers.
  6. Radios and televisions at high volumes.
  7. Kitchen appliances.
  8. Hawkers.

Question 10.
Explain in what ways noise pollution is harmful to humans.
Answer:
Harmful effects of noise pollution:

  1. Lack of sleep.
  2. Hypertension.
  3. Anxiety.
  4. Partial deafness.

Question 11.
Your parents are going to buy a house. They have been offered one on the roadside and another three lanes away from the roadside. Which house would you suggest your parents should buy ? Explain your answer.
Answer:
Parents should buy a house three lanes away from the roadside because roadside house has many disadvantages such as:

  1. Lot of noise due to passing vehicles.
  2. Smoke and dust produced by running vehicles.
  3. Sound of loud horns of vehicles at the time of traffic jams.

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Sound

Question 12.
Sketch larynx and explain its function in your own words.
Answer:
PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Sound 2
Function of Larynx.
When air passes through the vocal cords, they produce sound. Vocal cords may become loose/thick or tight/thin on vibration, thus causing different types of voices.

Question 13.
Lightning and thunder take place in the sky at the same time and at the same distance from us. Lightning is seen earlier and thunder is heard later. Can you explain why ?
Answer:
The speed of light is 3 × 108 m/s while that of sound is only 340 m/s. So, lightning and thunder although taking place simultaneously in the sky at the same distance will be seen and heard at different intervals of time.

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 Science Sound Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
The unit of frequency is:
(a) dB
(6) Hz
(c) dB and Hz
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Hz.

Question 2.
The intensity of disagreeable sound for human ear is
(a) 60 dB
(b) 10 dB
(c) 90 dB
(d) 30 dB.
Answer:
(c) 90 dB.

Question 3.
Ultrasonic sound is:
(a) Sound of frequency less than 20 Hz
(b) Sound of frequency more than 20 KHz
(c) Sound of frequency 20 Hz to 20000 Hz
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Sound of frequency more than 20 KHz.

Question 4.
Speed of sound at 20°C is approximately:
(a) 430 m/s
(b) 304 m/s
(c) 340 m/s
(d) 3400 m/s
Answer:
(c) 340 m/s

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Sound

Question 5.
The intensity of sound at ordinary inhale is:
(a) 10 dB
(b) 20 dB
(c) 60 dB
(d) 70 dB.
Answer:
(a) 10 dB.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is sound ?
Answer:
Sound. It is a form of energy which produces in us the sensation of hearing.

Question 2.
How is sound produced ?
Answer:
Sound is produced by vibrations of a body.

Question 3.
Will sound travel in vacuum ?
Answer:
No, it will require some medium.

Question 4.
Does sound travel in gases ?
Answer:
Yes.

Question 5.
Does sound travel in liquids ?
Answer:
Yes.

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Sound

Question 6.
Does sound travels in solids ?
Answer:
Yes.

Question 7.
On what factor does loudness of sound depend ?
Answer:
Loudness of sound depends upon the amplitude of vibrating body.

Question 8.
If an object makes 10 oscillations in a second, then what is its frequency ?
Answer:
10 Hertz.

Question 9.
Will the sound travel faster, in wood or water ?
Answer:
In solids, the sound travels faster than liquids. So sound will travel faster in wood than in water.

Question 10.
Sound is produced when objects …………………. .
Answer:
Sound is produced when objects vibrate.

Question 11.
The number of oscillations per second is called …………………… .
Answer:
The number of oscillations per second is called frequency.

Question 12.
We can respond to the frequency of sound more than ……………….. hertz and less than ……………… hertz.
Answer:
We can respond to the frequency of sound more than 20 hertz and less than 20,000 hertz.

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Sound

Question 13.
Name the section of throat in which the human voice is produced.
Answer:
Larynx.

Question 14.
Name the characteristics of sound which help us to distinguish different sounds.
Answer:
The characteristics of sound which distinguish different sounds. The pitch or loudness of the sound.

Question 15.
What is the audible range of human ear ?
Answer:
Audible Range. The human ear responds to sounds having frequencies 20 hertz to 20,000 hertz.

Question 16.
Define the term pitch.
Answer:
Pitch. A sensation depending upon the frequency is known as the pitch.

Question 17.
Which sound has higher frequency ? Sound produced by a buzzing mosquito or sound produced by roaring lion.
Answer:
The frequency of sound produced by a buzzing mosquito will be more than the frequency of sound produced by a roaring lion.

Question 18.
Write the following frequencies in their increasing order:
(i) Voice of a child
(ii) Voice of man
(iii) Voice of a woman.
Answer:
Voice in increasing order of their frequencies:
Voice of a man < Voice of a child < Voice of a woman.

Question 19.
How do we hear sound ?
Answer:
When sound waves travelling through air strike our ears, diaphragm of ear starts vibrating. These vibrations reach the ear nerves by small bones and send the messages to our brain and which we hear.

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Sound

Question 20.
What is length of vocal cords in man ?
Answer:
About 20 mm.

Question 21.
Unpleasant sounds are called ………………. .
Answer:
Noise.

Question 22.
Which sound is produced by musical instruments ?
Answer:
Musical sound.

Question 23.
What is unit of loudness of sound ?
Answer:
Decibel (dB).

Question 24.
Name an instrument with pleasant sound.
Answer:
Harmonium/Guitar/Piano.

Question 25.
What is hearing impairment ?
Answer:
The disability to hear sounds is hearing impairment.

Question 26.
What are causes of hearing impairment ?
Answer:
Ear disease, injury, age and loud noise.

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Sound

Question 27.
Give an example of loud noise.
Answer:

  1. Sound produced by machinery in a factory.
  2. Loudspeakers at full volume.

Question 28.
At which unit, sound becomes harmful ?
Answer:
More than 80 dB (Average factory range).

Question 29.
Which is the major cause of noise pollution ?
Answer:
Vehicles.

Question 30.
Which natural organism is important to reduce noise pollution ?
Answer:
Plants and trees.

Question 31.
What is noise pollution ?
Answer:
Noise Pollution. Presence of excessive or unpleasant sound in the atmosphere is called, noise pollution.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define the term time period, frequency and amplitude.
Answer:
Time Period.
It is the time taken by a vibrating particle to complete one vibration.

Frequency.
The number of oscillations per second is called the frequency of the oscillation. Frequency is measured in hertz [Hz].

Amplitude.
The maximum distance through which a vibrating body is displaced from its central resting position, is called amplitude of oscillations.

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Sound

Question 2.
One astronaut speaks with another astronaut on Moon. Can the other astronaut listen to the first astronaut ?
Answer:
There is no atmosphere on the moon, thus, the astronauts cannot listen to each other. Therefore, a material medium is required for the propagation of sound.

Question 3.
Sound produced by a mosquito is quite different from the roar of a lion. Explain.
Answer:
The loudness of sound depends upon the amplitude of the wave. A mosquito produces sound by the vibration of its wings, in open air while the lion roars by the vibration of its vocal chords. The amplitude of the sound produced by mosquito will be less than the sound produced by a lion. The pitch and quality of the two sounds is quite different, which makes the two sounds different and distinguishable.

Question 4.
Explain with simple experiment to show that sound propagates through solid substance.
Answer:
Experiment.
Connect two empty match boxes by tying them with the two ends (15 to 20 m long). Request your friend to keep one match box close to his ear. By stretching the string speak into one match box. Sound will be heard very clearly by your friend. This shows that sound can propagate through solids.

Question 5.
How is the human voice produced ?
Answer:
Production of Human voice.
The human voice is the result of vibrations. It is produced in the larynx, a section of the throat. Muscles in the larynx tighten the vocal cords. Air from the lungs rushes past the tight stretched cords and causes the vocal cords to vibrate. The vibrations produced in the vocal cords produce the sound or the voice.

Question 6.
What are ultrasounds ?
Answer:
Ultrasound.
Our ear does not respond to sounds of frequencies less than 20 hertz or greater than 20,000 hertz. Sound of frequency greater than 20,000 hertz is called ultrasonic. The instrument used for producing ultrasonic sound is ultrasonic CT.

Question 7.
What are the uses of ultrasonic sound ?
Answer:
Uses of ultrasonic sound:

  1. Dogs can listen ultrasonic sounds. So to call their dogs people use ultrasonic sounds.
  2. In medical science, ultrasonics are used for forming the images of internal organs of human body.

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Sound

Question 8.
A boy claps his hands in front of stair-case and hears a musical sound. Explain.
Answer:
The distance of each step of stair case increases from the boy. When a boy claps, sound will not strike all the steps simultaneously but it will strike in short and regular intervals. The reflected sound from them will be received by the ear in the form of a number of waves at regular intervals. Thus a periodic disturbance produces a musical sound.

Question 9.
Give an activity to prove that sound travels faster in water than in air.
Answer:
Sound travels faster in water (liquids) than in air, we can prove this fact by the following activity.
Activity. Take a longer balloon and fill it with water. Hold it close to your ear and scratch it gently with index finger on the farther side of the balloon. A sound will be heard. Repeat this experiment with air-filled balloon. On comparing the two sounds, it is proved that sound travels faster in water than in air.

Question 10.
What is noise ? What is its unit ?
Answer:
Noise.
The unpleasant sounds which are not soft and sweet are known as noise such as sound of machines, automobiles, crackers, etc.
The unit of voice is Decibel (dB).
Noise level is 0-120 dB.

Question 11.
State one difference between noise and a musical sound.
Answer:
Noise is a sound, which produces disagreeable (jarring) effect on the ear. On the other hand, musical sound produces pleasing effect on the ear of the listener.

Question 12.
How do children with impaired hearing communicate ?
Answer:
Children with impaired hearing communicate using sign language and with technically developed devices.

Question 13.
Identify the part which vibrates to produce sound in the following instruments ?

Sr. No. Musical Instrument Sound producing part
1. Flute
2. Dholak

Answer:

Sr. No. Musical Instrument Sound producing part
1. Flute Air column
2. Dholak Stretched membrane

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Sound

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give an activity to show that sound needs medium to be heard.
Answer:
Sound needs medium.
Sound produced by a vibrating object reaches our ears due to vibrations of the molecules of the medium (air) in succession. If there is no air between the vibrating object and our ear, we would not hear any sound at all. We can study this by the following activity.
PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Sound 3
Activity.
Take a wooden stick and hold one end close to your ear. Ask your friend to scratch the other end gently, you will hear the sound.

This activity shows that sound can travel through wood. Sound can travel through liquids as well. You can check this by filling a balloon with water. Hold a water filled balloon close to you ear and scratch the opposite surface of the balloons with your finger.You will again hear sound. Now do the same experiment with an air-filled balloon. This time the sound heard is very feeble in comparison.
Thus, we conclude that sound requires a medium to be heard.

Question 2.
What is noise pollution ? What are its causes and its effects ?
Answer:
Noise pollution.
The unwanted sound which is not soft and is disagreeable to the ear, is called noise. The presence of loud sound in atmosphere is only noise pollution.

Causes of noise pollution.

  1. The loud sounds produced by machines in factories.
  2. Loud speakers.
  3. Generators.
  4. Railway stations.
  5. Air ports.
  6. Music programmes.
  7. Crackers.

Effects of noise pollution:

  1. The worst effect of noise pollution is deafness.
  2. It raises the heart beat.
  3. It also effects the pupil of eyes, thus causing night blindness or colour blindness.

Question 3.
What is music? Name the various types of vibrating objects used in
different kinds of musical instruments.
Answer:
Music.
Music is the arrangement of the sound of different frequencies called notes or Swara in a way that it produces a pleasing effect on the ear.
In musical instruments, we use vibrating objects such as strings, membranes, and columns of air. There are, thus, three families of musical instruments:

  1. Stringed instruments (tantu vadya) e.g. violin, sitar, etc.
  2. Wind instruments or reed instruments (sushir vadya) e.g. the flutes or the shahnai.
  3. Membranous instruments (avanaddha vadya). Many of these are percussions or rhythm instruments e.g. tabla or mridangam.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants

Science Guide for Class 7 PSEB Reproduction in Plants Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 147)

Question 1.
What happens in the regeneration method of reproduction?
Answer:
In the regeneration method, the living organisms (plants and animals) repair themselves or grow their lost parts. In this way they replace their old or dead cells with new ones. Plants have a higher capacity of regeneration than animals.

Question 2.
Give two examples of organisms reproducing through binary fission.
Answer:
Asexual reproducing organisms by binary fission method are:

  1. Moss,
  2. Mould.

PSEB 7th Class Science Guide Reproduction in Plants Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(i) Anther and filament form the ………………. of a flower.
Answer:
Stamens

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants

(ii) In …………………….. reproduction seeds are formed.
Answer:
Sexual

(iii) Flowers having, both stamens and pistil are called …………………. .
Answer:
Bisexual

(iv) …………………… is an asexual mode of reproduction.
Answer:
Vegetative propagation

2. State True or False:

(i) Yeast reproduces by sexual and asexual means.
Answer:
False

(ii) Pollen grains are the male gametes of a flower.
Answer:
True

(iii) Ginger is a stem which bears nodes and internodes.
Answer:
True

(iv) Cutting and grafting are natural means of reproduction.
Answer:
False

3. Match the Column ‘A’ with Column ‘B’:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
(i) Sweet potato (a) Micropropagation
(ii) Potato (b) Bryophyllum
(iii) Leaf buds (c) Artificial propagation
(iv) Grafting (d) Yeast
(v) Tissue culture (e) Spirogyra
(vi) Bud (f) Adventitious root
(vii) Fragmentation (g) Stem tuber

Answer:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
(i) Sweet potato (f) Adventitious root
(ii) Potato (g) Stem tuber
(iii) Leaf buds (b) Bryophyllum
(iv) Grafting (c) Artificial propagation
(v) Tissue culture (a) Micropropagation
(vi) Bud (d) Yeast
(vii) Fragmentation (e) Spirogyra

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants

4. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
In which mode of reproduction new plants are formed from only one parent ?
Answer:
By Asexual reproduction method new plants are formed from one parent. The different examples are:

  1. Grafting,
  2. Layering,
  3. Tissue culture.

Question (ii)
Which part of the flower develops into fruit ?
Answer:
After fertilization, the ovaries become fruit.

Question (iii)
How does yeast multiply ?
Answer:
The most common method of reproduction in yeast is asexual reproduction by budding in which a tiny bud forms on the outer surface of parent cell.

Question (iv)
Give one example where air helps in pollination.
Answer:
When the pollen cells ripe, they burst and the pollen grains come out of them. Pollen grains are very light. So when the wind blows, they are blown away by the wind. These pollinators reach the stigma of the flowers of the same plant or of another flower of the same species where the pollination takes place.

Question (v)
Name the reproductive parts of a flower.
Answer:
The reproductive parts of the flower are:

  1. Stamen (male reproductive part)
  2. Pistil (female reproductive part.)

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Name different methods of asexual reproduction in plants.
Answer:
Asexual reproduction method is one in which no seed is required for growing new plants. A single plant produces a new plant. Asexual reproduction occurs in the following ways:

  1. Binary fission,
  2. Budding,
  3. Fragmentation,
  4. Spore formation,
  5. Regeneration.

Question (ii)
What is artificial propagation in plants ?
Answer:
Artificial Propagation. Artificial methods of reproduction are adopted to increase the number of useful plants. In these methods neither the reproductive organ takes part nor the seed is produced. In this artificial reproduction new plants grow through roots, stems, branches or leaves.

Below are some of the artificial methods:

  1. Grafting (stems and roots),
  2. Burying,
  3. Pruning,
  4. Tissue culture.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants

Question (iii)
What is tissue culture technique or micro propagation ?
Answer:
Tissue culture or micro-reproduction: This method involves taking some percent of the tissue from the tip of a plant branch because it contains rapidly developing, underdeveloped and undifferentiated cells. This mass has essential nutrients and hormones stored in it. Small parts of the tissue are kept in a medium until they begin to regenerate as plantlets. These buds (small plants) are transplanted in moist soil. This process is of reproduction is called tissue culture.

Question (iv)
Describe advantages of seed dispersal.
Answer:
Advantages of Seed dispersal:

  1. Seed dispersal spreads the plant over a large area.
  2. The probability of dense vegetation in one place decreases.
  3. Plants have the right growth.
  4. Plants get proper sunlight, water and minerals as competition for nutrients get reduced.

Question (v)
What is germination ? What are the conditions needed for germination ?
Answer:
After reaching the fertile soil, the seeds absorb water and swell up. Now the embryo
begins to germinate and its radical (root sprout) grows down into the soil and forms a root. The plumule grows upward in the air and develops leaves and shoot. It is a form of young small plant.

Essential conditions for germination:
All seeds need (i) water, (ii) oxygen (air) and (iii) proper temperature for germination. Some seeds also need the right amount of light. When the seed finds the right conditions, it activates and germinates the enzyme by moving water and oxygen inward from the outer layer and forms the seed root which receives water from the ground and forms a stem which moves towards the wind and leaves come out on the trunk from which the sun makes food in the light.

6. Long Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Describe different kinds of asexual reproduction with examples.
Answer:
Different kinds of post-asexual reproduction :
1. Fission.
This is the most common method of asexual reproduction in which an organism is divided into new organisms. It is common in plants and some single-celled organisms such as fungi, some mosses. In this method of reproduction the organism is divided into equal parts. The nucleus is divided into two parts and both parts evolve as individual adult.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants 1

2. Budding.
The word bud means small outgrowth. In the process of budding, a small bud grows on the body of the parent organism and when it grows to full size individual, it detaches itself to form a new organism.
Budding is commonly seen in hydra and yeast.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants 2

3. Fragmentation.
This type of reproduction occurs commonly in Algae. It appears as green spots in ponds, lakes or other standing water bodies. When abundant water and nutrients are available, they are multiplied by fragmentation. In this method an algae is divided into two or more pieces. Each piece develops into new organisms. This process is repeated many times.
Other examples are Star fish, some Worms, Lichens etc.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants 3

4. Spore formation.
Spores are very small, round-shaped structures for asexual reproduction. Spores have a hard outer layer and can stay in the air for a long time. Under favourable conditions, each spore germinates to develop into a new organism. Spore formation occurs in both unicellular and multicellular organisms. Rhizopus, a fungus that grows on bread, is produced by asexual reproduction by spores. Plants such as moss and fern also reproduced by spores.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants 4

5. Regeneration.
The organism repairs and enhances its broken limbs in one form or another. New cells replace old or dead cells. The ability of living beings to repair themselves and grow their lost parts is called regeneration. Plants have a higher capacity of regeneration than animals.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants

Question (ii)
Explain different ways with examples in which plants can be reproduced vegetatively by artificial means.
Answer:
Artificial methods of vegetative reproduction.
Humans have adopted artificial methods of vegetative reproduction to increase the number of useful plants. Here are some of the methods:

1. Cutting, (i) (Cutting of stem). Cuttings are small nodules of stems or twigs, when they are pressed in moist soil then under favourable conditions roots germinates to grow as individual plant. As Bougainvillea, sugarcane, cactus and rose can grow by grafting of stem.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants 5

(ii) Root Cuttings. When the roots of plants like lemon, tamarind are buried in moist soil new shoots get developed.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants 6

2. Layering.
A twig of a plant is twisted so that it touches the ground. The portion of plant in contact of ground is then covered with soil. This buried part develops roots under suitable conditions and upper end of this branch is already in the air. The plant thus developed is cut from the original plant and grown in a new place. Jasmine, Strawberry, Yoganvelia plants are grown by layering.

3. Grafting.
The desired plant is derived from two different individuals. Portion of one plant is called stock while stem portion from the other is called seion. Seion is from the plant that wants to propagate and is, therefore, grafted on the stock. Their ends are obliquely cut and the two are placed face to face. Then the two ends are tied tightly and wrapped with polythene.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants 7

4. Tissue culture.
This method involves taking a tissue from the tip of a plant branch as it contains rapidly dividing, underdeveloped and undifferen-tiated cells. This tissue, is cultured and nurtured in a sterilized medium. The mass of tissue develops as an individual plant let. This technique is useful in growing a number of rare and endangered plants which cannot grow under natural conditions.
With this method many plants can be grown in a very short time. This technique is used in disease free orchids, carnations, gladiolus, chrysanthemums, potatoes.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants 8

Question (iii)
What is pollination ? What are the two types of pollination ? Discuss the different agents of pollination with examples.
Answer:
Pollination.
It is the act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma. The goal of every living organism, including plants, is to create offspring for the next generation. One of the ways that plants can produce offspring is by making seeds. Seeds contain the genetic information to produce a new plant
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants 9

Types of pollination. There are two types of pollination action:

1. Self-pollination.
This type of pollination occur in asexual flowers, when the pollens of the same flower from the pollen cell (Anther) go to the pollen stem (Stigma) of saffron, this action is called self-pollination, because their genes are similar. This type of pollination is seen in Tomato, mustard etc.

2. Cross-pollination.
In this type of pollination the pollen grains move from the pollen cells (Anther) of one flower to the pollen stalk (Stigma) of another flower. This pollination takes place between the flowers of the same plant or between the flowers of two different plants of same species. In plants cross-pollination is done by air, insects, water and animals.

Various factors of pollination:
1. Air pollination. Many plants are pollinated by wind. With strong winds, pollens of one flower reach the stigma of the other plant. Examples – wheat, cotton, sunflower, millet,

2. Insect pollination. Insects (butterflies and bees) are attracted to flowers because of the color and fragrance of the flowers. Insects help in transferring pollen grains from one flower to another through their feet. Examples are figs, flies, bees etc.

3. Pollination by water. The pollen of the flowers of the plants growing in the water flows with the water and the pollens of the one flower reach the stigma of other flower. Examples are lotus flower, water lily etc.

4. Pollination by animals. Some plants are pollinated with the help of birds and animals like- bats, humming bird and squirrels.

Question (iv)
Explain the process of fertilization.
Answer:
Fertilization action after pollination.
After pollination pollen grains enter a small tube, called the pollen tube. The female pollen reaches the-ovaries through the stigma or vertebrae and then enters the ovule. There is a combination of male and female gametes. The combination of male gamete and female gamete (to form a zygote) is called fertilization.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants 10

Question (v)
List the different steps in the formation of seeds and fruits.
Answer:
Fruit and seed formation. The following changes occur in the flower after fertilization:
(1) After fertilization the ovaries get transformed into fruits and ovules get transformed into seeds. The rest of the flowers wither and fall off.

(2) A seed is a developed egg that contains embryos and nutrients. This is covered with a secure layer. This is called seed peel.

(3) Fruits can be fleshy and juicy or dry and hard. Mangoes, apples, oranges are fleshy and juicy fruits while almonds and walnuts are dry and hard fruits.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants

Question (vi)
What is dispersal ? Explain with examples the different ways in which seeds get dispersed.
Answer:
Seed dispersal. The movement of seeds from one place to another by any means / factor like air, water, insects, birds, human beings and animals so that the seed survives is called seed dispersal.
Different methods of seed dispoersal:
(1) By wind
(2) By water
(3) By animals
(4) By humans
(5) By explosive process.

1. By wind. The seeds to be scattered by wind are small and light. Maple and Drumsticks seeds have wings. So they fly in the air and go far away. Seedlings with light grass seeds, acacia, cactus, cotton seeds and sunflower also fly with wind.

2. By water. Water lilies, lotuses and coconut fruits keep floating on the water so as their pollens. Water waves cany them far.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Science Reproduction in Plants Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(i) Production of new individuals from the vegetative part of parent is called ……………. .
Answer:
vegetative propagation

(ii) A flower may have either male or female reproductive part. Such a flower is called ……………………
Answer:
unisexual

(iii) The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same or of different flower of the same kind is known as ………………. .
Answer:
self- pollination

(iv) The fusion of male and female gametes is termed as ………………. .
Answer:
fertilization

(v) Seed dispersal takes place by means of ……………….. , ………………. , and ……………… .
Answer:
water, wind, animals

2. Match the Column ‘I’ with Column ‘II’:

Column ‘I’ Column ‘II’
(a) Bud (i) Maple
(b) Eyes (ii) Spirogyra
(c) Fragmentation (iii) Yeast
(d) Wings (iv) Bread mould
(e) Spores (v) Potato
(vi) Rose.

 Answer:

Column ‘I’ Column ‘II’
(a) Bud (iii) Yeast
(b) Eyes (v) Potato
(c) Fragmentation (ii) Spirogyra
(d) Wings (i) Maple
(e) Spores (iv) Bread mould

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants

3. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
The production of new individuals from their parents is called:
(a) Transportation
(b) Excretion
(c) Reproduction
(d) Respiration.
Answer:
(c) Reproduction.

Question (ii)
Out of the followings which is the vegetative part of a plant ?
(a) Stem
(b) Leaves
(c) Root
(d) All of the above.
Answer:
(d) All of the above.

Question(iii)
Out of the following which is reproductive organ of a plant ?
(a) Root
(b) Flower
(c) Leaf
(d) Stem.
Answer:
(b) Flower.

Question (iv)
Union of male and female garnets is called:
(a) Fertilization
(b) Pollination
(c) Zygote
(d) Reproduction.
Answer:
(a) Fertilization.

Question (v)
Which method is used for reproduction in a unicellular yeast ?
(a) Fragmentation
(b) Budding.
(c) Spore formation
(d) Binary fission.
Answer:
(b) Budding.

Question (vi)
Bryophyllum reproduces by its:
(a) Leaves
(b) Roots
(c) Stem
(d) Flowers
Answer:
(a) Leaves.

Question (vii)
Name the commonest method of vegetative reproduction in rose and sugarcane
(a) Fragmentation
(b) Budding
(c) Binary Fission
(d) Cutting.
Answer:
(d) Cutting.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants

Question (viii)
Name the factors, which are helpful in cross-pollination ?
(a) Air
(b) Water
(c) Insects
(d) All of the above.
Answer:
(d) All of the above.

4. State True or False

(i) Asexual reproduction is more common than sexual reproduction.
Answer:
False

(ii) Bacteria and yeast reproduce by asexual reproduction.
Answer:
True

(iii) The ability to regenerate in many organisms is through some method,
Answer:
False

(iv) A fertilized organ becomes a seed.
Answer:
True

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is reproduction ?
Answer:
Reproduction. It is the ability of an organism to produce young ones of its own kind.

Question 2.
What is the role of reproduction ?
Answer:

  1. Propagation of species
  2. Evolution of species.

Question 3.
Name the two major kinds of reproduction.
Answer:

  1. Asexual reproduction and
  2. Sexual reproduction.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants

Question 4.
Name the various methods of vegetative propagation in plants.
Answer:

  1. Cutting
  2. Layering
  3. Grafting.

Question 5.
Name common method for vegetative propagation of Rose and Sugarcane.
Answer:
Cutting.

Question 6.
How do Spirogyra and Mucor reproduce asexually ?
Answer:
Spirogyra – Fragmentation and Regeneration,
Mucor – Spore formation.

Question 7.
Name the mode of vegetative propagation in (i) Begonia (ii) Mint.
Answer:
(i) Begonia – Leaf buds,
(ii) Mint – Runners.

Question 8.
How do yeast, sponges and hydra reproduce asexually ?
Answer:
All the three reproduce by budding.

Question 9.
Which part of bryophyllum can be used for vegetative propagation ?
Answer:
Leaf of Bryophyllum.

Question 10.
Give one example of each : Vegetative propagation by (i) root (ii) stem.
Answer:
(i) Vegetative propagation by root : Sweet potato.
(ii) Vegetative propagation by stem : Potato.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants

Question 11.
What is pollination ?
Answer:
Pollination. It is the transference of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of a flower.

Question 12.
What term is used if the pollen is transferred to the stigma of same flower ?
Answer:
Self-pollination.

Question 13.
Where are pollens and ovules presents in flower ?
Answer:

  1. Pollens – Anther lobes
  2. Ovules – Ovary.

Question 14.
Which floral part is very attractive and coloured ?
Answer:
Petal.

Question 15.
What is fruit ?
Answer:
A ripened ovary.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is reproduction ? What are it basic types ?
Answer:
Reproduction.
All organisms show characteristic life cycle, involving birth, growth, maturation, reproduction and death. Rerproduction is one of the most important processes by which continuation of the species from one generation to another generation takes place. Older and aged organisms are replaced by new and younger organisms by reproduction.

There are two types of reproduction.

  1. Asexual reproduction
  2. Sexual reproduction.

Question 2.
Define asexual and sexual reproduction.
Answer:
Asexual Reproduction. It is a type of multiplication in which a young one is formed from a specialised or unspecialised part of a parent without the formation and fusion of sex cells, gametes.

Sexual Reproduction. It is a type of reproduction which takes place by the formation and fusion of gametes. It involves two major processes :
(a) Meiosis (reductional division) by which diploid sporophytic cells give rise to haploid gametes, and
(b) Fertilization, which reconstitutes the sporophytic diploid generation through gametic fusion.

Question 3.
Where do the moulds on bread come from ?
Answer:
The spores of the moulds are present in the air. The spores of the moulds under suitable conditions settle on the bread and grow.

Question 4.
Define the term unisexual and bisexual giving one example of each.
Answer:
Unisexual Organism. Male and female sex organs are present in different individuals such organisms are called unisexual. Example : Human.

Bisexual organism. Single individual having both male and female sex organs.
Examples : Most of the plants, Tapeworm, Earthworm.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants

Question 5.
Mention the reproductive parts of a flower.
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants 11
Reproductive parts of a flower:
Stamens. It consists of stalk and a flattened top called anther. Anthers produce pollen grains. The pollen grains produce two male gametes.

Carpels. It has a swollen ovary at the base and an elongated middle style and terminal stigma.
The ovary contains ovules. Each ovule has an egg or female gamete.

Question 6.
Differentiate between ovule and ovary.
Answer:
Ovule. A structure in the ovary of a plant that develops into a seed after fertilization.
Ovary. The enlarged basal portion of a pistil that bears the ovules in angiosperms.

Question 7.
Describe the different methods of asexual reproduction. Give examples.
Answer:
Type of asexual reproduction
(1) Budding
(2) Fragmentation
(3) Spore formation
(4) Vegetative propagation.

(1) Budding. It is a common method of reproduction in Sponges and Hydra. In this process, the new individual develops from a small outgrowth on the surface of parent called bud.

(2) Regeneration. It is a form of fission in which a parent individual divides into a number of parts, each of which regenerates the missing structures to form a complete organism. It occurs in flatworm, ribbon worm and annelids.

(3) Spore formation. An individual produces spores which during favourable conditions give rise to new individuals e.g. Mucor.

(4) Vegetative propagation. A part of plant body other than reproductive organ gives rise to new individual plant e.g. Rose stem cutting gives to new rose plant.

Question 8.
Explain the process of sexual reproduction in plants.
Answer:
Sexual Reproduction in plants. Plants have male and female reproductive organs respectively called stamens and pistil. Stamens produce male gametes. The eggs are produced by ovules of pistil. These two genitals can be in the same or different flowers. Male and female gametes fuse to form a zygote. Sexual reproduction in plants takes place by seeds.

Question 9.
State the main difference between Asexual and Sexual reproduction.
Answer:
Differences between Asexual and Sexual forms of Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction
1. The process involves only one cell or one parent. 1. This process involves two cells or gametes belonging to either the same or different parents.
2. The whole body of the parents may act as reproductive unit or it can be a single cell or a bud. 2. The reproductive unit is called gamete which is unicellular and haploid.
3. Only mitotic division takes place. 3. Meiosis and fertilization are essential events.
4. No formation of sex organ. 4. Formation of sex organs are essential.

Question 10.
Explain the differences between Self-pollination and Cross-pollination.
Answer:
Difference between Self-pollination and Cross-pollination.

Self-pollination Cross-pollination
1. It occurs within a flower or between two flowers of the same plant. 1. It occurs between two flowers borne on different plants of the same species.
2. Flowers do not depend on the other factors for pollination. 2. Agents such as insects, water and wind are required for ensuring pollination.

Question 11.
How does the process of fertilization take place in flowers ?
Answer:
Process of fertilization in flowers:

  • Pollination is transfer and deposition of pollen grains on stigma.
  • Pollen grain germinates on the stigma. It gives rise to pollen tube which carries male gametes.
  • A hypodermal cell of the nucleus in ovule enlarges and forms megaspore mother cell,
  • The diploid mega-spore mother cell undergoes meiosis to form four mega-spores.
  • The functional mega-spore enlarges into embryo sac.
  • The process of nuclear fusion (syngamy) of the male nucleus and one egg nucleus is termed as fertilization. It forms diploid zygote. Second male gamete fuses with secondary nucleus to form primary endosperm nucleus.
  • Angiosperms exhibit double fertilization.
  • Fall of the petals, stamens, style and stigma.
  • The ovules develop into seeds.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Write the various steps involved in the formation of a plant seed, starting from pollination.
Answer:
The transference of pollen grains from anther to stigma is called pollination. The stamens in flower have anthers which produce pollen grains. Gynaecium or pistil bears three parts ovary, style and stigma. After pollination pollen grains from pollen tubes. Inside the pollen tube the nucleus divides into vegetative nucleus and generative nucleus. This generative nucleus gives rise to two male gametes inside the pollen tube. Pollen tube after piercing through the style reaches the ovary. One of which fuses with the egg to form a zygote. The second male gamete fuses with two polar nuclei to form a triploid endosperm nucleus which finally gives rise to endosperm. So, the higher plant (angiosperms) shows the process of double fertilization.

Soon after fertilization the petals, stamens, stigma, and style fall off. The sepals wither and hold on to the ovule. The zygote divides in a fixed fashion to form an embryo. It may bear one or two cotyledons, an embryo axis made up of plumule and radicle. Radicle gives rise to root and plumule to shoot after germination of seed. Cotyledons contain food reserves.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants 12

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Computer Science Book Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Computer Science Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

Computer Guide for Class 7 PSEB Microsoft Word (Part-II) Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
To select a whole word, ……….. click on it.
(a) Single
(b) Double
(c) Triple
(d) None.
Answer:
(b) Double

Question 2.
The …………….. group of home tab allows us to change our text font, style, size, color and many other elements.
(a) Font
(b) Paragraph
(c) Styles
(d) Editing.
Answer:
(a) Font

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

Question 3.
…………. means draw a horizontal line underneath the letters.
(a) Bold
(6) Italic
(c) Underline
(d) None.
Answer:
(c) Underline

Question 4.
………………. Option means that the text is shown like it was marked with a highlighter pen.
(a) Font Color
(b) Text Color
(c) Text Highlight Color
(d) All of above.
Answer:
(c) Text Highlight Color

Question 5.
After inserting a shape, a new tab will appear which is called ……………….. .
(a) Drawing Tools Format
(b) Shape Tools Format
(c) Drawing Shapes Format
(d) None.
Answer:
(a) Drawing Tools Format

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

2. Write the Shortcut keys of the following

1. To cut the selected text
Answer:
Ctrl + X

2. To paste the copied/cut contents
Answer:
Ctrl + V

3. To increase the font size
Answer:
Ctrl + >

4. To Underline the Text
Answer:
Ctrl + U

5. To change the case of the Selected Text
Answer:
Shift + F3

6. For Center Alignment
Answer:
Ctrl+ E

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

7. For double line spacing
Answer:
Ctrl + z

8. To Replace the text
Answer:
Ctrl + H

9. To Undo the last operation
Answer:
Ctrl + z

10. To Insert a Page Break.
Answer:
Ctrl + Return.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

3. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write about Undo commend.
Answer:
If we have made a mistake while editing the text in the document, we can correct it by clicking on the Undo command from the “Quick access” toolbar and this will undo the last change we made to the document. Or you can press the Ctrl + Z keys from the keyboard.

Question 2.
Which are basic three font styles?
Answer:
Word processor software uses three basic font styles for text, these are as below:
1. Bold:
If you want to thicken the text in your document, then use Bold option, by pressing the “Ctrl + B” shortcut or by clicking “B” button from the font group.

2. Italic:
If you want to italicize the text in your document, then use Italic option by pressing the “Ctrl + I” shortcut or by clicking “I” button from the font group.

3. Underline:
If you want to underline the text in your document, then use underline option by pressing the “Ctrl + U” shortcut or by clicking “U” button from the font group.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

Question 3.
What are Headers and Footers in MS Word?
Answer:
Header and Footer are parts of a document that contain specific information such as page number and total number of pages, title of the document, company logo, any photo, etc. A header appears at the top of each page, and footer appears at the bottom of each page. To insert the header and footer in your document, click the “Header/Footer” option from the Header & Footer group on the insert tab.

Question 4.
How many change cases options are available in MS Word? Write their names.
Answer:
There are five options available to change the case in Microsoft Word, these are:

  • Sentence case: It capitalizes the first letter of each sentence.
  • Lowercase: It changes the text from uppercase to lowercase.
  • Uppercase: It capitalizes all the letters of your text.
  • Capitalize Each Word: It capitalizes the first letter of each word.
  • Toggle case: It allows you to shift between two case views, e.g. to shift between Capitalize Each Word and Captalized each word.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

Question 5.
How many alignments are available in MS Word? Write their names and shortcut keys.
Answer:
There are four types of alignments available in the paragraph group, which are as follows:

  • Align Text Left: Aligns the selected text with the left margin. Shortcut key is (Ctrl + L).
  • Align Text Right: Aligns the selected text with the right margin. Shortcut key is (Ctrl + R).
  • Center: This aligns the selected text to the center within the margin. Shortcut key is (Ctrl + E).
  • Justify: Aligns text to both left and right margins, adding extra space between words as necessary. Shortcut key is (Ctrl + J).

Question 6.
How can we insert page break in MS Word?
Answer:
This option is used to delete a page at the current cursor position and start a new page. In simple words we can say that it divides the page into two parts.
The steps to insert page break are given below:

  • Place the cursor where you want to insert the break.
  • Click the Page Break Option on the Pages Group from the Insert Tab.
  • Your page will break into two parts.
  • Long Answer Type Questions

(ii) Cut Paste Option:
Cut Paste Option means to move the selected text from one place to another. In Microsoft Word, you can cut text from a document and paste that text into another document or anywhere in the same document. After cutting the text, it is stored in the clipboard.

MS Word offers a variety of ways to cut and paste text. Some popular methods are given below :
Method 1.

  • First select the text you want to cut.
  • Click the Home tab and then click the Cut command.
  • Place the cursor where you want to paste the text.
  • Click on the Paste command in the Home tab.

Method 2.

  • First select the text you want to cut.
  • Now click the right button of the mouse on selected text.
  • A menu will appear; select the “Cut” option from this menu.
  • Now, move the cursor to the desired position and right click on the mouse.
  • A menu will appear; select the “Paste” option.

Method 3.

  • First select the text you want to copy.
  • Now press the Ctrl + X button.
  • Now, move the cursor to the desired position and press the Ctrl + V button.

(iii) Format Painter:
With the help of Format Painter we can copy the format already applied to the text in our document very easily and without wasting time. Below are the steps for copying text formatting :

Method 1.

  • First select the text whose formatting you want to copy.
  • Click the Home tab and click the Format Painter command.
  • The pointer changes to a paintbrush icon.
  • Use the brush and drag it over the text where you want to apply the formatting.
  • To cancel formatting, press the Esc key or click on the Format Painter command.

Method 2.

  • First select the text whose formatting you want to copy.
  • Now press the Ctrl + Shift + C button.
  • Click on the text where you want to apply the copied formatting.
  • Now press the Ctrl + Shift + V button.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

Question 2.
Write about the options available in Font group of Home tab in MS Word.
Answer:
The Home tab’s font group gives us many commands for character formatting. These commands are as follows:

  • Font Style: This button is used to change the font type (Font face) for the entire document or for the selected text within the document.
  • Font Size: This button is used to change the font size for the entire document or for the selected text within the document.
  • Font Color: This button is used to change the font color for the entire document or for the text selected within the document.
  • Bold: This button is used to make the selected text or entire document bold.
  • Italic: This button is used to italicize the entire document or the selected text within the document.
  • Underline: This button is used to underline the entire document or the selected text within the document.
  • Changing the Text Case: This button is used to convert the selected text to lower case or to apply other capitalization.
  • Grow Fonts: With the help of grow fonts we can increase the size of the selected text by one size.
  • Shrink Font: With the help of Shrink font we can reduce the size of selected text by one size.
  • Strike Through: This button is used to draw a line in the middle of the selected text in a document.
  • Subscript: This button is used to create lowercase letters below the text baseline, such as X2.
  • Superscript: This button is used to create lowercase letters above the line of text such as X2.
  • Clear Formatting: This option works to remove the formatting applied to the text document.
  • Text Highlight Color: Used to highlight the selected text.

Question 3.
What is Word Art? How will you insert Word Art in a Word document?
Answer:
Word Art is designed to allow you make your text more attractive. You can format your text to make it look like a picture or 3D art and enhance its appearance in different ways. The steps to insert Word Art are given below:

  • Select the text you want to change.
  • Then click on the Insert tab.
  • Click on the Word Art drop-down arrow in the Text group.
  • A drop-down menu of Word Art style will appear. Click the style you want to use.
  • Word will automatically create a text box for the text.
  • Now click Ok button, the text will appear in the selected style.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

PSEB 7th Class Computer Guide Microsoft Word (Part-II) Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
……………. is used to create documents.
(a) Word processing
(b) DOS
(c) Numbers
(d) Word Art.
Answer:
(a) Word processing

Question 2.
MS Word is an important …………… Processor.
(a) Text
(b) Word
(c) DOS
(d) Number.
Answer:
(b) Word

Question 3.
In Word, there are ………….. types of tool bars.
(a) 2
(6) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5.
Answer:
(a) 2

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

Question 4.
………… is a blinking line.
(a) Mouse
(b) Insertion Point
(c) Command
(d) Instructions.
Answer:
(b) Insertion Point

Question 5.
To Select a …………. double click on it.
(a) Word
(b) Text
(c) Sentence
(d) Paragraph.
Answer:
(a) Word

Question 6.
Cut and Copy commands are available in ………….. menu.
(a) File
(b) Edit
(c) Format
(d) Help.
Answer:
(b) Edit

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

Question 7.
Backspace key is used to delete the alphabet from the ………….. side of Cursor.
(a) Right
(b) Left
(c) Above
(d) Below.
Answer:
(b) Left

Question 8.
color line appears below the wrong word.
(a) Green
(b) Yellow
(c) Red
(d) Blue.
Answer:
(c) Red

Question 9.
The Page number, Page name, date and time are written in the and, which appears on every page of document.
(a) Upper, Lower
(b) Header, Footer
(c) Margin, Footer
(d) Word, Spreadsheet.
Answer:
(b) Header, Footer

Question 10.
Margins and tabs are available in page setup dialog box.
(a) Orientation
(b) Layout
(c) Page
(d) Columns.
Answer:
(b) Layout

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

2. True/False

1. Title bar appears below the Screen of word.
Answer:
False

2. Word Pad is a Word Processing Package.
Answer:
False

3. The small screen that appears on the right side of the window is called task pane.
Answer:
True

4. The text is added to where the insertion point is.
Answer:
True

5. To exit from the word click File Exit.
Answer:
True

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

3. Match the Columns
Table 1
Answer:
Table 2

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

4. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the steps to select a text with the help of mouse.
Answer:
Place the cursor in front of the text and then left click on the mouse button, hold it and drag it over the text and then release it. The text will be selected.

  • Double click on the word to select the same word.
  • To Select the entire paragraph, click within the paragraph three times.
  • To select the complete document, in the Home tab from the editing group, click Select command and then click the Select All button.

Question 2.
Write steps to select the text with the help of keyboard.
Answer:
Press Shift + Arrow keys from the keyboard; Hold down the Shift key and press the arrow button, Word will select the text in the direction of the arrow button. There are three arrow keys in numeric keypad, so you can select text in three different directions.

Question 3.
What do you mean by font?
Answer:
A Font is a graphical representation of the text that may include type, size, design, color, weight of the text.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

Question 4.
Write steps to change case of the text.
Answer:

  • Sentence case: It capitalizes the first letter of each sentence.
  • Lowercase: It changes the text from uppercase to lowercase.
  • Uppercase: It capitalizes all the all letters of your text.
  • Capitalize Each Word: It capitalizes the first letter of each word.
  • Toggle Case: It allows you to Shift between two case views, e.g. to Shift between Capitalize Each Word and CAPITALIZE EACH WORD.

Question 5.
What do you mean by alignment?
Answer:
You can change the text alignment in your document to make it more presentable and readable.
There are four types of alignments available in the paragraph group which is as follows :

  • Align Text Left (Ctrl + L): Aligns the selected text with the left margin.
  • Align Text Right (Ctrl + R): Aligns the selected text with the right margin.
  • Center (Ctrl + E): This aligns the selected text to the center within the margin.
  • Justify (Ctrl + J): Aligns text to both left and right margins, adding extra space between words as necessary.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

Question 6.
Write down the ways to delete page number.
Answer:
If you want to delete the previously, entered page number, click on the Page Number option from the Header & Footer group of the Insert tab and click on the Remove Page Number option from the drop-down list.

Question 7.
How can you format the shapes?
Answer:
Shapes: This button is used to insert the shapes such as circles, squares, arrows and triangles into a document, When the button is clicked. Here are the steps to insert the shape:

  • In the Insert tab, click on the Shapes option from the Illustrations tab.
  • A gallery of different shapes will appear.
  • Click the desired shape and then drag the shape into the document.

If you want to write something in the drawn shape, here are the steps :

  • Right click on the drawn shape.
  • Click Add Text from the pop-up menu.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

5. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by Format Painter? How can we use it?
Answer:
Format Painter:
With the help of Format Painter we can copy the format already applied to the text in our document very easily and without wasting time. Below are the steps for copying text formatting :
Method 1.

  • First select the text whose formatting you want to copy.
  • Click the Home tab and click the Format Painter command.
  • The pointer changes to a paintbrush icon.
  • Use the brush and drag it over the text where you want to apply the formatting.
  • To cancel formatting, press the Esc key or click on the Format Painter command.

Method 2.

  • First select the text whose formatting you want to copy.
  • Now press the Ctrl + Shift + C button.
  • Click on the text where you want to apply the copied formatting.
  • Now press the Ctrl + Shift + V button.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

Question 2.
What is Font Color? How can we change it?
Answer:
Font Color:
If you want to change the color of a word or paragraph in your document, you must select a font color for this purpose. Here are the steps to change the color of the text.
1. Select the text you want to change color.
2. Select the appropriate color from the Font dialog box as shown in the picture above.
Or
1. Select the text you want to change the color.
2. Click on the Font Color option from the Font group as shown in thepicture below. Now a pull down menu will open.
PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II) 1
3. Choose your favorite color from this menu. Now your text will change to that color.

Question 3.
What is text highlight color? Write steps to use it.
Answer:
Text Highlight Color:
Just as we can highlight a word or a sentence in our written document with the help of a pen, we can highlight our text with any color in MS Word.

  • Select the text you want to highlight.
  • Click on the Text Highlight option from the Fonts group. Now a pull down menu will open.
  • Now choose your favorite color from this menu. Your text will be highlighted in that color.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

Question 4.
What do you mean by Word Art? How can we add it?
Answer:
Word Art:
Word Art is designed to allow you make your text more attractive; you can format your text to make it look like a picture or 3D art and enhance its appearance in different ways. The steps to insert Word Art are given below :

  • Select the text you want to change.
  • Then click on the Insert tab.
  • Click on the Word Art drop-down arrow in the Text group.
    PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II) 2
  • A drop-down menu of Word Art style will appear. Click the style you want to use.
  • Word will automatically create a text box for the text.
  • Now click Ok button, the text will appear in the selected style.

Question 5.
Write steps to change the alignment of the text.
Answer:
You can change the text alignment in your document to make it more presentable and readable.
There are four types of alignments available in the paragraph group which is as follows:

  • Align Text Left (Ctrl + L): Aligns the selected text with the left margin.
  • Align Text Right (Ctrl + R): Aligns the selected text with the right margin.
  • Center (Ctrl + E): This aligns the selected text to the center within the margin
  • Justify (Ctrl + J): Aligns text : to both left and right margins, adding extra space between words as necessary.
    PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II) 3

Here are the steps to change the alignment:

  • Select the text.
  • Click the appropriate alignment button from the Paragraph group of the Home tab.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I)

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Computer Science Book Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Computer Science Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I)

Computer Guide for Class 7 PSEB Microsoft Word (Part-I) Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
Ctrl + S used to …………………
(a) Save
(b) Open
(c) New
(d) Close.
Answer:
(a) Save

Question 2.
Below the ruler, the large area is called the ………………..
(a) Text Area
(b) Open Area
(c) Close Area
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(a) Text Area

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I)

Question 3.
There are two scroll bars in a word document ……………. and …………… .
(a) Horizontal, vertical
(b) Left, Right
(c) Upper Bar, Lower Bar
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Horizontal, vertical

Question 4.
To Open a new document, ……………. Press keys from the keyboard.
(a) Ctrl + O
(b) Ctrl + N
(c) Ctrl + S
(d) Ctrl + 5.
Answer:
(b) Ctrl + N

Question 5.
The view shows the document as it will look when it is printed.
(a) Print Layout
(b) Draft
(c) Outline
(d) Full size.
Answer:
(a) Print Layout

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I)

2. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the name of option that is present at the bottom-right corner of every group.
Answer:
Dialog Box Launcher.

Question 2.
Write the name of the top most bar of the Word window.
Answer:
The top bar of the Word window is the title bar.

Question 3.
Which View of MS Word displays the document in the same way as we get it after printing?
Answer:
Print layout View

Question 4.
Write the shortcut to create a New document.
Answer:
The Ctrl + 0 shortcut key is used to open a new document.

Question 5.
Which layout view shows the outline of a document?
Answer:
Outline view represents the outline of the document.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I)

3. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a Word Processor?
Answer:
Word processing is a process by which we can create, save, and print any type of document in a computer and it can be used anytime in the future and can be edited if required. The software that is used for word processing process called word processor. For example: MS Word, Note Pad, Word Pad and word perfect all are word processors.

Question 2.
Write the name of some Word Processing Software.
Answer:
The software that is used for word processing process called word processor. For example: MS Word, Note Pad, Word Pad and word perfect all are word processors.

Question 3.
How to start the MS Word?
Answer:
The steps to start MS Word are as follows:
2. Now click on All Program from the popup menu as shown in the picture below.
3. Now click MS Office→MS Word.
Or
Type ‘Word” in the search bar as shown in the picture below and press Enter key from the keyboard

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I)

Question 4.
Write the name of different parts of MS word window.
Answer:
Components of MS word window are as follow:

  • File menu/Office button:
    • Home
    • Insert
    • Page layout
    • References
    • Review
    • view
  • Quick access toolbar
  • Title bar
  • Ribbon
    • Tabs
    • Group
    • Commands
  • Ruler
  • Help
  • Document area
  • Status bar
  • Dialog box launcher 10, view Buttons
    • Print layout view
    • Full Screen view
    • Web Layout view
    • Draft view
    • Outline view

Question 5.
Define the Text Area.
Answer:
Right below the ruler, there is a large space called the text area. This is the area where we type our document; the blinking line in this area is called the insertion point which indicates that your typing will start from this place.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I)

4. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the special features of MS Word.
Answer:
Some of the special features of Microsoft word are as follows:

  • MS Word allows us to include text anywhere in the document.
  • We can delete any word, line or page from the document as easily as we erase the words written on paper.
  • We can cut and copy the text and paste it anywhere in the same document or any other document.
  • MS Word allows us to set the page margin and page size according to our needs.
  • We can add Bold, Italic and Underline effects to the text.
  • We can change the size, style, color of the text.
  • We can add header on the top of pages and footer on the bottom of the page.
  • We can add pictures, chart, graphs and smart art.
  • We can convert the text into tables.
  • You can also set different margins in a document and also determine the different locations to start a paragraph.
  • It also provides us with the facility of macro. This is a list of many commands with which our time is saved.
  • MS Word also provides us the facility of spelling checks. It shows a red line below the words that are incorrect.
  • MS Word also provides us the facility of grammar checks.
  • It also provides Find and Replace option.
  • It also provides the facility of dictionary with which we can find many words with the same meaning and use them in our document.

Question 2.
Explain Document views in MS Word.
Answer:
At the bottom right of the window screen is a set of 5 buttons that allow us to view the document in a different view.
1. Print Layout:
This is the default document view in Word. The Print Layout view shows the document as it would appear after printing. Full Screen Layout view: This view opens the document to a full screen. This layout helps us to make our document easily readable above the screen.

2. Web Layout:
This view displays a document on the screen the way it will look when viewed in a Web browser if you saved it as a web page. Out Line view: The outline view shows the document as an outline form.

3. Draft view: This is the most commonly used view, in this view we can edit our document very quickly and easily.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I)

Question 3.
How to Create and Save a New Document in MS Word?
Answer:
Follow these steps to create a new document:
2. Now click on New option from the drop down menu.
3. A New Document dialog box will appears on the screen.
4. Click Blank Document option from this dialog box and then Click Create Option.
5. Now a blank document will appear on the screen.
Or
You can create a new document by pressing the Ctrl + N keys from the keyboard.
Saving A File:
To save a newly created document follows these steps:
1. Click the File tab or Office Button.
2. Click Save option. The Save dialog box appears.
3. Now type the name of your document in File name box and then click Save button.
Or
You can also save your document by pressing the Ctrl + S keys from Keyboard.
Now your document is safe for future use.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I)

PSEB 7th Class Computer Guide Microsoft Word (Part-I) Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
……………… is used to open other options in any group.
(a) Open button
(b) New button
(c) Dialog Box Launcher
(d) All these.
Answer:
(c) Dialog Box Launcher

Question 2.
The …………….. tab is used to prepare the thesis or books.
(a) Insert
(b) design
(c) Review
(d) Reference.
Answer:
(d) Reference.

Question 3.
Orientation option is available in …………..tab.
(a) Design
(b) insert
(c) Page Layout
(d) home.
Answer:
(c) Page Layout

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I)

Question 4.
Which keys are used to secure the work done.
(a) Ctrl + N
(b) Ctrl + S
(c) Ctrl + 0
(d) Ctrl + P.
Answer:
(b) Ctrl + S

Question 5.
The total number of pages and words appears on the …………… bar.
(a) Title
(b) Status
(c) Horizontal
(d) None.
Answer:
(b) Status

Question 6.
Document can be typed in ………………. area in Word window.
(a) Text
(b) font
(c) Format
(d) View.
Answer:
(a) Text

Question 7.
The table option is available in the ……………. menu.
(a) File
(b) home
(c) Insert
(d) design.
Answer:
(c) Insert

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I)

Question 8.
Prepared documents are called …………………… .
(a) Template
(b) Blank document
(c) Table
(d) Margin.
Answer:
(a) Template

2. True/False

Question 1.
MS-Word is not a word Processing Software.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
We cannot find and replace a word in MS-Word.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Tabs appear on the top of ribbon.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Ctrl+C keys are used to create a document.
Answer:
False

Question 5.
In MS-Word there are three types of ruler.
Answer:
False

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I)

3. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is Microsoft Word?
Answer:
MS Word is word processor software published by Microsoft Company that works on formatting text and graphics and creating a variety of documents.

Question 2.
Write the names of all the groups available in the Home tab.
Answer:
It consists of clipboard, font, paragraph, styles and editing groups.

Question 3.
Which option is used to check grammatical errors in a document?
Answer:
The grammar check option is used to check the grammatical errors.

Question 4.
Which option is used to check the spellings of words in the document?
Answer:
The Spell check option is used to check the spellings of words.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I)

Question 5.
What are tabs?
Answer:
Tabs are groups of related commands that appear at the top of the ribbon.

Question 6.
Which view can you use to view the document as an outline form?
Answer:
Outline view is use to view the document as an outline form.

Question 7.
Which option is used for MS-Word related help?
Answer:
Help icon is used for MS-Word related support.

Question 8.
Which option is used to add one document to another document?
Answer:
Mail-Merge option is used to add one document to another document.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I)

4. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is word processing? Write down its features also.
Answer:
Wort Processing:
We make a lot of mistakes when typing a document with the help of typewriter, which we can’t correct again, we have to type the document again to make it better, but word processing gives us a facility through which we can easily correct our mistakes in typed documents without having to retype them.

Word processing is a process by which we can create, save and print any type of document in a computer and it can be used anytime in the future and can be edited if required. The software that is used for word processing process called word processor. For example: MS Word, Note Pad, Word Pad and word perfect all are word processors.

Features of Word Processing:
Following are the features of word processor :

  • A word processor provides an easier and faster method to type the text.
  • It offers so many styles, size, color, effects for text.
  • Using a word processor, you can apply editing operations to the text.
  • It stores all your documents for. future use.
  • It allows you to insert photos, music, background etc. into the document.
  • It can move any document from one place to another with the help of cut, copy, and paste option.
  • You can delete, edit, update the data in the pre-created document at any time.
  • It helps us to find and correct mistakes in the typed text.
  • It also provide the facility to check the grammar mistakes in the typed text.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I)

Question 2.
How we can open a document in MS Word?
Answer:
Open an Existing Document:
Follow these steps to open an existing document:

  • Click the File tab or Office Button.
  • Click Open option. The Open dialog box appears.
  • As shown in picture below select a document which you want to open and then Click Open button.
  • Now your document will open on the screen.
    Or
    You can open an existing document by pressing the Ctrl + O keys from the keyboard.
    PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I) 1

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I)

Question 3.
Write down all the commands of File Menu.
Answer:
1. File Menu:
This option is available in the upper left corner of the window, it contains many of the following commands:

(a) Home:
It has options like font color, font size, font style, alignment, bullets, line spacing, etc. All the basic elements that someone might need to edit their document are available in the Home option.

(b) Insert:
Tables, sizes, images, charts, graphs, headers, footers, page numbers, etc. are available in insert options.

(c) Design:
The template (pre-created document design) or the design in which you want your document to be created can be selected under the Design tab.

(d) Page layout:
Under the Page Layout tab we can find the options such as Margins, Orientation, Columns, Lines, Indentations, Spacing, etc.

(e) Reference:
This tab is most useful for those who are preparing thesis or writing books or working on a long document. Footnote, table of content, bibliography, captions etc. options can be found under this tab.

(f) Review:
Spell check, grammar, thesaurus, word count, language, translation, comments, etc. can all be tracked under the Review tab.