Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions English Vocabulary Arrange in Alphabetical Order Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 7th Class English Vocabulary Arrange in Alphabetical Order

Question 1.
Monkey, picture, bury, dengue, donkey, village, heart, tomb, women, develop.
Answer:
Bury, dengue, develop, donkey, heart, monkey, picture, tomb, village, women.

Question 2.
Able, Wednesday, frozen, return, extremely, disappointed, shivering, wisest, realise, looking.
Answer:
Able, disappointed, extremely, frozen, looking, realise, return, shivering, Wednesday, wisest.

Question 3.
Quick, fine, nice, ancient, bold, clever, deep, mountain, heavy, happy.
Answer:
Ancient, bold, clever, deep, fine, happy, heavy, mountain, nice, quick.

Question 4.
Astronaut, truth, resident, clown, scratch, journey, assigned, disbelief, humble, mission.
Answer:
Assigned, astronaut, clown, disbelief, humble, journey, mission, resident, scratch, truth.

Question 5.
Sheep, bull, horse, bowl, goal, crow, parrot, frog, donkey, duck.
Answer:
Bowl, bull, crow, donkey, duck, frog, goal, horse, parrot, sheep.

Question 6.
Belt, girl, chalk, wife, picture, sister, error, host, duke, actor.
Answer:
Actor, belt, chalk, duke, error, girl, host, picture, sister, wife.

Question 7.
Active, helpful, careful, brother, popular, faithful, famous, difficult, intelligent, polite.
Answer:
Active, brother, careful, difficult, faithful, famous, helpful, intelligent, polite, popular.

Question 8.
Parent, child, sky, plate, madam, doctor, witch, televisiori, bulb, niece.
Answer:
Bulb, child, doctor, madam, niece, parent, plate, sky, television, witch.

Question 9.
Wash, dance, cook, pray, dust, jump, table, father, laugh, help.
Answer:
Cook, dance, dust, father, help, jump, laugh, pray, table, wash.

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions English Grammar Parts of Speech Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 7th Class English Grammar Parts of Speech

शब्दों को प्रयोग के अनुसार आठ भागों अथवा श्रेणियों में विभाजित किया जाता है, जिन्हें Parts of Speech (शब्द भेद) कहते हैं। ये आठ भाग हैं-

1. Noun
2. Pronoun
3. Adjective
4. Verb
5. Adverb
6. Preposition
7. Conjunction
8. Interjection.

1. Noun-किसी व्यक्ति, स्थान, वस्तु अथवा गुण-दोष के नाम को Noun (संज्ञा) कहते हैं; जैसे Ram, Shyam, Mumbai, Pen, Pencil, Rose, Dog, Beauty, Honesty आदि।

2. Pronoun-जो शब्द किसी संज्ञा के स्थान पर प्रयोग होता है, उसे Pronoun (सर्वनाम) कहते हैं; जैसे I, we, you, they, he, she, it आदि।

3. Adjective-जो शब्द किसी Noun अथवा Pronoun की विशेषता प्रकट करता है, उसे Adjective (विशेषण) कहते हैं; जैसे good, bad, thin, fat, tall, many, useful आदि।

4. Verb-वह शब्द जिससे कार्य का होना अथवा करना प्रकट हो या जो शब्द किसी व्यक्ति, स्थान अथवा वस्तु के बारे में कुछ बतलाए, वह,शब्द Verb (क्रिया) कहलाता है; जैसे-

• The girl reads a book.
• Ram is a good boy.
• Mohan goes to school daily.
• Seema feels sad.
• I helped the poor.

5. Adverb जो शब्द किसी Verb, Adjective अथवा किसी अन्य Adverb की विशेषता प्रकट करे, तो उसे Adverb (क्रिया विशेषण) कहते हैं; जैसे-

• He ran fast. (Verb की विशेषता)
• Rose is very beautiful. (Adjective की विशेषता)
• He works too slowly. (Adverb की विशेषता)

6. Preposition-जो शब्द किसी Noun अथवा Pronoun से पहले प्रयोग किया जाता है और जो उनका सम्बन्ध वाक्य के अन्य शब्दों से जोड़ता है, उसे Preposition (सम्बन्धवाचक शब्द) कहते हैं; जैसे- .

• Mohan is at the gate.
• Ram is proud of his teacher.
• He is fond of music.
• I am writing with a pen.

7. Conjunction–जो शब्द, शब्दों अथवा वाक्यों को जोड़ता है, उसे Conjunction (संयोजक) कहते हैं; जैसे-

• Ram and Shyam are friends.
• You will get through if you work hard.
• He was late because he missed the bus.
• Either he or his brother is at fault.

8. Interjection-अकस्मात् भावना को व्यक्त करने वाला शब्द Interjection (विस्मयादिबोधक अव्यय) कहलाता है जैसे, Alas ! Hurrah ! Oh ! Lo! आदि।

Exercises

I. Write in the space provided the name of the part of speech to which the underlined words belong in the following sentences:

1. Seema is a beautiful girl.
2. Alas! His dog is dead.
3. The sun sets in the west.
4. The lion is a ferocious animal.
5. Delhi is a very big city.
6. Rahim is poor but honest.
7. Honesty is the best policy.
8. The.cat is under the table.
Hints:
1. Adjective
2. Interjection
3. Verb
4. Adjective
5. Adverb
6. Conjunction
7. Noun
8. Preposition.

II. Complete the following sentences with appropriate ‘Nouns’:

1. ……….. is a good boy.
2. She goes to the ……… everyday.
3. They go for a ……….. daily.
4. ……….. is the Capital of India.
5. ……… is the best policy.
6. The ………. rises in the …….
7. Chandigarh is the ……….. of Punjab and Haryana.
8. Shimla is a beautiful …………
Hints:
1. Mohan
2. temple/Gurudwara
3. walk
4. Delhi
5. Honesty
6. sun, east
7. capital
8. place.

III. Fill in the blanks with suitable “Pronouns’:

1. My son is playing with ……… toys.
2. ……….. father is working in Mumbai.
3. ……….. has gone abroad for higher studies.
4. This is ……… house.
5. The girls are doing ……….. homework.
6. ……….. is the bread-winner of the family.
7. We should respect ……. parents.
8. He loves ……… native place very much.
Hints:
1. his
2. My
3. He
4. our
5. their
6. She
7. our
8. his.

IV. Fill in the blanks with suitable ‘Adjectives’:

1. She is my ……….. friend.
2. Pudding is my ……….. dish.
3. The scenery of Mussoorie is
4. She likes to wear ……… dresses.
5. The Bible is a ……….. book.
6. Cricket is a ………. game.
7. John is an ……….. teacher.
8. Mango is a ………. fruit.
Hints:
1. best
2. favourite
3. beautiful
4. white
5. holy
6. good
7. English
8 juicy.

V. Fill in the blanks with suitable ‘Verbs’:

1. She ……….. ice-cream.
2. They ……….. a lot.
3. My mother ……….. food.
4. John …….. in a factory.
5. They ………. football.
6. We should ……….. a bath everyday.
7. The school peon ……….. the bell.
8. Seema ……….. for a walk daily.
Hints:
1. is eating
2. worked
3. cooks
4. works
5. play
6. take
7. rings
8. goes.

VI. Fill up the blanks with suitable ‘Adverbs’:

1. Sohan walks …………. .
2. Everyone should work ………..
3. She sings ………….
4. His dad is a …………. respectable man.
5. Our teacher speaks ……….. politely.
6. My sister sleeps …………
7. John is a ………. hardworking boy.
8. Girls sang …………. .
Hints:
1. slowly
2. hard
3. sweetly:
4. very
5. very
6. early
7. very
8. nicely.

VII. Complete the following sentences with suitable ‘Prepositions:

1. My grandfather is hard ……….. hearing.
2. My mom is fond ……… music.
3. A burglar broke ……….. our house last night.
4. The students should listen ………. their teachers attentively.
5. Yesterday we went ………. the Rose Garden.
6. Ayushi is playing ……….. the piano.
7. Children have been playing ……….. morning.
8. My uncle has been living ……….. Canada ……….. fifteen years.
9. I will play ……….. finishing my homework.
10. I am standing ……….. Anshu. Anshu is in front of me.
Hints:
1. of
2. of
3. into
4. to
5. to
6. on
7. since
8. in, for
9. after
10. behind.

VIII. Fill in the blanks with suitable ‘Conjunctions’:

1. My younger brother is both intelligent ……….. hardworking.
2. He says ………. he is a doctor.
3. ……….. Seema ………. Rita is at fault.
4. Our servant is poor ……….. honest.
5. He ………. his nephew manage the shop.
6. Ram went on leave ……….. he was injured.
7. You will get the tickets ………..you reach there before 6 o’clock.
8. ……….. he was late, yet he was able to catch the bus.
Hints:
1. and
2. that
3. Either, or
4. but
5. and
6. because
7. if
8. Although

IX. Fill in the blanks with suitable ‘Interjections’:

1. ……….. We have won the game.
2. ……. The man is dead.
3. ……… They have come.

V. Fill in the blanks with suitable ‘Verbs’:

1. She ……….. ice-cream.
2. They ……….. a lot.
3. My mother ……….. food.
4. John …….. in a factory.
5. They ………. football.
6. We should ……….. a bath everyday.
7. The school peon ……….. the bell.
8. Seema ……….. for a walk daily.
Hints:
1. is eating
2. worked
3. cooks
4. works
5. play
6. take
7. rings
8. goes.

VI. Fill up the blanks with suitable ‘Adverbs’:

1. Sohan walks …………. .
2. Everyone should work ………….
3. She sings …………..
4. His dad is a ………….. respectable man.
5. Our teacher speaks ……… politely.
6. My sister sleeps …………..
7. John is a …………. hardworking boy.
8. Girls sang ……….. .
Hints:
1. slowly
2. hard
3. sweetly
4. very
5. very
6. early
7. very
8. nicely.

VII. Complete the following sentences with suitable ‘Prepositions:

1. My grandfather is hard ……….. hearing.
2. My mom is fond ……… music.
3. A burglar broke ……….. our house last night.
4. The students should listen ………. their teachers attentively.
5. Yesterday we went ………. the Rose Garden.
6. Ayushi is playing ……….. the piano.
7. Children have been playing ……….. morning.
8. My uncle has been living ……….. Canada ……….. fifteen years.
9. I will play ……….. finishing my homework.
10. I am standing ……….. Anshu. Anshu is in front of me.
Hints:
1. of
2. of
3. into
4. to
5. to
6. on
7. since
8. in, for
9. after
10. behind.

VIII. Fill in the blanks with suitable ‘Conjunctions’:

1. My younger brother is both intelligent ……….. hardworking.
2. He says ………. he is a doctor.
3. ……….. Seema ………. Rita is at fault.
4. Our servant is poor ……….. honest.
5. He ………. his nephew manage the shop.
6. Ram went on leave ……….. he was injured.
7. You will get the tickets ………..you reach there before 6 o’clock.
8. ……….. he was late, yet he was able to catch the bus.
Hints:
1. and
2. that
3. Either, or
4. but
5. and
6. because
7. if
8. Although

IX. Fill in the blanks with suitable ‘Interjections’:

1. ……….. We have won the game.
2. ………… The man is dead.
3. …………. They have come.
4. …………. Is this the place?
5. …………. Well done.
6. ………….. He has lost all his money in gambling.
7. …………. You are hurt.
8. …………… He has failed again.
Hints:
1. Hurrah !
2. Alas!
3. Lo !
4. Oh !
5. Bravo !
6. Alas !
7. Oh !
8. Alas !

Exercise

Choose the correct option to determine which part of speech the underlined word belongs to:

Question 1.
Honesty is the best policy.
(a) noun
(b) verb
(c) adjective
(d) preposition
Answer:
(a) noun

Question 2.
The sun rises in the east.
(a) adjective
(b) verb
(c) noun
(d) preposition
Answer:
(c) noun

Question 3.
She is eating ice-cream.
(a) noun
(b) verb
(c) adjective
(d) preposition
Answer:
(b) verb

Question 4.
The school peon rings the bell.
(a) noun
(b) adjective
(c) verb
(d) preposition
Answer:
(c) verb

Question 5.
She likes to wear white dresses.
(a) noun
(b) verb
(c) adjective
(d) preposition
Answer:
(c) adjective

Question 6.
Mango is a juicy fruit.
(a) noun
(b) adjective
(c) verb
(d) preposition
Answer:
(b) adjective

Question 7.
My grandfather is hard of hearing.
(a) noun
(b) verb
(c) adjective
(d) preposition
Answer:
(d) preposition

Question 8.
Ayushi is playing on the piano.
(a) preposition
(b) verb
(c) adjective
(d) noun
Answer:
(a) preposition

Question 9.
My son is playing with his toys.
(a) pronoun
(b) adverb
(c) conjunction
(d) interjection
Answer:
(a) pronoun

Question 10.
We should respect our parents.
(a) adverb
(b) pronoun
(c) interjection
(d) conjunction
Answer:
(b) pronoun

Question 11.
Sohan walks slowly.
(a) pronoun
(b) adverb
(c) conjunction
(d) interjection
Answer:
(b) adverb

Question 12.
Our teacher speaks very politely.
(a) pronoun
(b) interjection
(c) conjunction
(d) adverb
Answer:
(d) adverb

Question 13.
He says that he is a doctor.
(a) pronoun
(b) adverb
(c) conjunction
(d) interjection
Answer:
(c) conjunction

Question 14.
Our servant is poor but honest.
(a) conjunction
(b) adverb
(c) pronoun
(d) interjection
Answer:
(a) conjunction

Question 15.
Hurrah ! We have won the match.
(a) pronoun
(b) adverb
(c) conjunction
(d) interjection
Answer:
(d) interjection

Question 16.
Alas ! He has failed again.
(a) pronoun
(b) interjection
(c) conjunction
(d) adverb
Answer:
(b) interjection

Name the part of speech of the bold words:

A. (i). He lives in a cottage.
(ii) Delhi is very big city.

B. (i) They go for a walk daily.
(ii) She is my best friend.

C. (i) Beauty does not last long.
(ii) The baby plays.

Fill in the blanks with an appropriate noun:

A. Shimla is a beautiful …………….
B. …………….. is the capital of India.
C. …………….. is a good boy.

Name the part of speech of the underlined words:

A. (i) Honesty is the best policy.
(ii) Pudding is my favourite dish.

B. (i) Dey is a good boy.
(ii) The girls are doing their homework.

C. (i) They play with the ball.
(ii) She sings sweetly.

Name the part of speech of the bold words:

A. (i) This is my house.
(ii) Our teacher speaks very politely.

B. (i) He lives in a cottage.
(ii) Josh is very handsome.

C. (i) The sun sets in the west.
(ii) Seema is a beautiful girl.

Choose the correct option to determine which part of speech the underlined word belongs to:

(i) Rohan is a handsome boy
(a) noun
(b) verb
(c) adjective
(d) preposition
Answer:
(c) adjective

(ü) Delhi is a big city.
(a) noun
(b) verb
(c) adjective
(d) preposition
Answer:
(a) noun

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions English Grammar Translation Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 7th Class English Grammar Translation

A sentence is a well arranged group of words which makes complete sense.
शब्दों का वह सुव्यवस्थित समूह जिसका पूरा अर्थ निकले, Sentence (वाक्य) कहलाता है। जैसे:

1. Mohan is a good player.
2. Where is.your house?
3. Help me, please.
4. Hurrah ! We have won the match.

Kinds of Sentences
वाक्य चार प्रकार के होते हैं-
1. Assertive Sentences. Assertive Sentences वे वाक्य होते हैं जिनमें किसी बात (Positive या Negative) का वर्णन होता है। इन वाक्यों को Statements भी कहते हैं। इनके अन्त में Full stop (.) लगता है।

2. Interrogative Sentences. ऐसे वाक्यों से किसी प्रश्न का बोध होता है। इनके अन्त में प्रश्न चिन्ह (?) लगाया जाता है।

3. Imperative Sentences. ऐसे वाक्यों से आज्ञा, आदेश, उपदेश अथवा विनती का बोध होता है। इनके अन्त में Full stop (.) लगता है।

4. Exclamatory Sentences. ये ऐसे वाक्य होते हैं जो मन के अकस्मात् भावों को अथवा किसी इच्छा को प्रकट करते हैं। इनके अन्त में Sign of exclamation (!) लगता है। जैसे-

• May you live long !
• Hurrah ! We have passed.
• How beautiful the flower is !

Exercise 1

I. Rewrite the following jumbled groups of words as sentences. (Remember to begin with a capital letter and end with a full stop, a question mark or an exclamation mark)

1. faithful is animal the a dog.
2. so am I tired
3. grandparents fond Ali is his of
4. are when leaving for you Patiala
5. best Ravi Harpreet friends are and
6. cooks my food tasty mother
7. got rain we in wet the
8. has lakes Nainital lovely
9. graceful is Radha a dancer
10. circus the enjoyed children the
Answer:
1. The dog is a faithful animal.
2. I am so tired.
3. Ali is fond of his grandparents.
4. When are you leaving for Patiala ?
5. Ravi and Harpreet are best friends.
6. My mother cooks tasty food.
7. We got wet in the rain.
8. Nainital has lovely lakes.
9. Radha is a graceful dancer.
10. The children enjoyed the circus.

II. Make sentences of your own with the following words. The first one has been done for you:

1. fox – The fox is a cunning animal.
2. clever – He is very …………
3. beauty – There is ……….. all around us.
4. run – Don’t …………. to the water.
5. sweetly – She sings ………… .
6. behind – There is a tree …………. the hut.
7. they – ………… are good boys.
8. and – Ram ……….. Sham are good friends.
9. bouquet – This ………….. is very beautiful.
10. the – ………….. Taj is in Agra.
11. children – Nehru loved ………. .
Answer:
1. fox – The fox is a cunning animal.
2. clever – He is very clever.
3. beauty – There is beauty all around us.
4. run – Don’t run to the water.
5. sweetly – She sings sweetly.
6. behind – There is a tree behind the hut.
7. they – They are good boys.
8. and – Ram and Sham are good friends.
9. bouquet – This bouquet is very beautiful.
10. the – The Taj is in Agra.
11. children – Nehru loved children.

Exercise 2

I. Read the following sentences and say whether they are Assertive (A), Interrogative (In), Imperative (Im) or Exclamatory (E) sentences:

1. What a sweet fhango this is !
2. Where are you going for a holiday ?
3. I need your help to do this sum.
4. Please close the door.
5. Mr. Gupta is going for a walk.
6. Do you play tennis everyday ?
7. How terribly hot it is !
8. Be attentive when I teach.
9. The rainbow has seven colours.
10. Have you had your bath ?
Answer:
1. What a sweet fhango this is ! – (E)
2. Where are you going for a holiday ? – (In)
3. I need your help to do this sum. – (A)
4. Please close the door. – (Im)
5. Mr. Gupta is going for a walk. – (A)
6. Do you play tennis everyday ? – (In)
7. How terribly hot it is ! – (E)
8. Be attentive when I teach. – (Im)
9. The rainbow has seven colours. – (A)
10. Have you had your bath ? – (In)

II. Rewrite the following sentences inserting suitable punctuation marks. The first one has been done for you.

1. doesn’t the nightingale sing sweetly	Doesn’t the nightingale sing sweetly ?
2. nepal is a beautiful country	Nepal is a beautiful country.
3. how green the grass is	How green the grass is !
4. leave the room immediately	Leave the room immediately.
5. will you get me a glass of water	Will you get me a glass of water ?
6. sukhwinder is a great singer	Sukhwinder is a great singer.
7. what a naughty boy he is	What a naughty boy he is !
8. what is the answer to this question	What is the answer to this question ?
9. have your breakfast immediately	Have your breakfast immediately.
10. gandhiji is called the father of the nation	Gandhiji is called the Father of the Nation.
11. why do you want to go out now	Why do you want to go out now ?
12. oh god what a beautiful sight	Oh God ! what a beautiful sight!
1. doesn’t the nightingale sing sweetly	Doesn’t the nightingale sing sweetly ?

III. Turn the following statements into negative and questions. The first two have been done for you.

Statements	Negative	Interrogative
1. She is a clever girl.	She is not a clever eirl.	Is she a clever eirl ?
2. Ranjit likes mangoes.	Raniit does not like mangoes.	Does Raniit like maneoes ?
3. Radha is happy.	Radha is not happy.	Is Radha happy ?
4. They have played badly.	They have not played badly.	Have they played badly ?
5. Rina bought a car.	Rina did not buy a car.	Did Rina buy a car ?
6. We are going for a picnic ?	We are not going for a picnic.	Are we going for a picnic ?
7. They went to Shimla.	They did not go to Shimla.	Did they go to Shimla ?
8. You must go home now.	You must not go home now.	Must you go home now ?
9. We returned home in the evening.	We did not return home in the evening.	Did we return home in the evening ?
10. They can speak Punjabi.	They cannot speak Punjabi.	Can they speak Punjabi ?

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions English Vocabulary Punctuation Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 7th Class English Vocabulary Punctuation

Punctuation का अर्थ है-लिखने में प्रयुक्त विराम चिन्ह। जब कभी हम लिखते हैं तो हमें अपने भावों को स्पष्ट करने के लिए कई स्थानों पर रुकना पड़ता है। इसके लिए कुछ विशेष नियम हैं और उन्हीं के अनुसार हम विराम चिन्हों का वाक्यों में प्रयोग करते हैं। ग़लत चिन्ह लगाने से वाक्यों का अर्थ भी बदल जाता है। यह बात नीचे लिखे वाक्यों से स्पष्ट हो जाएगी।

Examples:

1. “The Sun”, said the Moon, “moves round the Earth.”
2. The Sun said, “The Moon moves round the Earth.”

ऊपर दिए गए दोनों वाक्य एक जैसे शब्द समूहों से बने हैं, परन्तु विराम चिन्ह अलग-अलग ढंग से लगाए गए हैं जिससे कि इनके अर्थों में अन्तर आ गया है।

पहले वाक्य का यह अर्थ निकलता है-
चन्द्रमा ने कहा, “सूर्य पृथ्वी के चारों ओर घूमता है।”
इसके विपरीत दूसरे वाक्य का अर्थ निकलता है
सूर्य ने कहा, “चन्द्रमा पृथ्वी के चारों ओर घूमता है।”

Capital Letters and Important Punctutation Marks

1. Capital Letters. [ABC]
2. Full Stop [.]
3. Comma [,]
4. Mark of Interrogation [?]
5. Inverted Commas [” “]
6. Apostrophe [‘]
7. Mark of Exclamation [!]

1. CAPITAL LETTERS

अंग्रेजी भाषा ही एकमात्र ऐसी भाषा है, जिसमें दो प्रकार के Letters (अक्षर) होते हैं

1. Capital letters (बड़े अक्षर) जैसे- A, B, C…….
2. Small letters (छोटे अक्षर) जैसे-a, b, c, ……

इन बड़े तथा छोटे अक्षरों का प्रयोग करने के विशेष नियम हैं1. प्रत्येक वाक्य के पहले शब्द का पहला letter (अक्षर) capital (बड़ा) होता है; जैसे,
Once a fox was hungry.
The teachers are teaching.

2. Inverted Commas (” “) के भीतर लिखे जाने वाले प्रत्येक वाक्य के पहले शब्द का पहला letter capital होता है; जैसे,
He said to me, “Who is he?”

3. Proper Noun तथा Proper Adjective का पहला letter capital होता है; जैसे,-
I met Mohan. (Proper Noun) He is an Indian. (Proper Adjective) I visited Japan. (Proper Noun) I like English people. (Proper Adjective).

4. दिनों, महीनों, त्योहारों, पुस्तकों, जातियों आदि के नाम सदा capital letter से आरम्भ होते हैं; जैसे,
He came here on Monday. (Day)
I read the Ramayana. (Book)
He was happy on Diwali. (Festival)

5. शब्दों का संक्षिप्त रूप (Abbreviations) प्रस्तुत करते समय capital letters का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे,
M.P., M.L.A., M.A., B.A.

6. भाषाओं तथा विषयों के नाम का पहला अक्षर capital होता है; जैसे,
Hindi, English, History, Science.

7. God तथा God के लिए प्रयोग किए जाने वाले pronoun (सर्वनाम) He, His, Him सदा capital letter से आरम्भ होते हैं; जैसे,
I pray to God. I pray to Him daily. I love His ways.

II. Use of Full Stop (.)

1. Exclamatory तथा Interrogative sentences को छोड़कर सभी वाक्यों के अन्त में Full Stop का प्रयोग होता है।
Ram ate food.
Come here.
He is a great man.

2. Abbreviations के अन्त में Full Stop का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे,
He is an M.A.
I met Mr. R.R. Sharma.
Sh. Tulsi Ram is an M.L.A.

III. Use Of Comma (,)

Comma का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित ढंग से किया जाता है:

1. एक ही Part of speech के शब्दों को पृथक करने के लिए; जैसे,-
(i) I bought a chair, a table and a fan.
(ii) He is kind, gentle and brave.

2. Apposition (व्याख्या करने वाले शब्दों) से पहले तथा बाद में; जैसे,
Ram, our friend, is going to England.

3. Reported Speech को शेष वाक्य से अलग करने के लिए; जैसे,
Ram said to me, “You are a good player.”

4. No तथा Yes के पश्चात्; जैसे,
No, I cannot go there.
Yes, I shall see him today.

5. तिथि को वर्ष से अलग करने के लिए; जैसे,
March 23, 20…. .

6. Adverb Clause को Principal Clause से अलग करने के लिए; जैसे,
When he came here, I met him.

IV. Sign of Interrogation (?)

प्रश्नवाचक चिन्ह (Sign of Interrogation) का प्रयोग प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य के अन्त में होता है; जैसे,
How are you?
Do you love me?

V. Use of Inverted Commas (” “)

(a) किसी व्यक्ति की बात को उसी के द्वारा कहे हुए शब्दों में व्यक्त करने के लिए Inverted Commas (“”) का प्रयोग किया जाता है; जैसे,
He said to me, “Where are you going ?”
Ram said to him, “How are you now ?”

(b) यदि किसी व्यक्ति द्वारा कहे गए शब्द दो भागों में हों, तो Inverted Commas दो बार आरम्भ होते हैं और दो बार बन्द होते हैं; जैसे,-
“He”, said Mohan, “is a foolish boy.”

VI. Use of Apostrophe (‘)

(a) Possessive case बनाने के लिए Noun के साथ प्रयोग किया जाता है; जैसे,
Sita’s house.
Ram’s house.

(b) किसी लुप्त अक्षर के स्थान पर भी इसका प्रयोग किया जाता है; जैसे,
Don’t = Do not
Can’t = cannot
Didn’t = Did not
I’ve = I have
That’s = That is
Haven’t = Have not

VII. Sign of Exclamation (!)

1. विस्मयादि बोधक (Exclamatory) शब्दों या शब्द-समूहों के बाद; जैसे,-
What a beautiful flower !
How fine the building is !

2. सम्बोधन सूचक शब्दों के बाद; जैसे,-
Thief ! Thief ! Catch the thief.
Mother ! Mother ! I am alone.
Foolish ! Do not do it.

3. सुख-दुःख आदि प्रकट करने वाले शब्दों के साथ; जैसे,-
Alas ! I am undone.
Hurrah ! We have won the match.

4. शुभ-कामना प्रकट करने वाले वाक्यों के अन्त में; जैसे,-
May you live long !
May you succeed !

Exercises

I. Rewrite the sentences using commas and capitals, where necessary. The first one has been done for you:

1. will you get the radio for us rachna ?
Will you get the radio for us, Rachna ?

2. the gita the bible and the quran are all holy books.
The Gita, the Bible and the Quran are all holy books.

3. the stars the moon and the sun are heavenly bodies.
The stars, the moon and the sun are heavenly bodies.

4. akbar the great and birbal were great admirers of each other.
Akbar the great and Birbal were great admirers of each other.

5. on reaching the banks of ganga he offered his prayers.
On reaching the banks of Ganga, he offered his prayers.

6. saying thus he breathed his last.
Saying thus, he breathed his last.

II. Rewrite the following sentences using appropriate marks of punctuation. One has been done for you:

1. what shall I bring you when I come back home said the king to his sisters.
“What shall I bring you when I come back home ?” said the king to his sisters.

2. the traveller said can you tell me the way to the nearest inn yes said the man
The traveller said, “Can you tell me the way to the nearest inn ?” “Yes”, said the man.

3. dont be afraid little boy I wont harm you I want to be your friend said the giant.
“Don’t be afraid, little boy. I won’t harm you. I want to be your friend,” said the giant.

4. will your mother not be sorry to see you without jewellery gaurav asked
“Will your mother not be sorry to see you without jewellery ? Gaurav asked.

5. how have you found so much wealth asked ali babas wife
“How have you found so much wealth ?” asked Ali Baba’s wife.

6. the staff room needs sweeping take the broom and sweep it said the principal.
“The staff room needs sweeping. Take the broom and sweep it,” said the Principal.

7. O king replied buddha this is the custom we always observe.
“O king”, replied Buddha, “this is the custom we always observe.”

8. mrs prasad said how much did you pay for this picture.
Mrs. Prasad said, “How much did you pay for this picture ?”

9. gopal sita radha and neelu went to ludhiana.
Gopal, Sita, Radha and Neelu went to Ludhiana.

10. the farmer said I cant give you any money
The farmer said, “I can’t give you any money.”

III. Use an apostrophe where necessary. Some may not need. One has been done for you:

1. The clowns hat had a feather.	The clown’s hat had a feather.
2. Bulbul’s eyes are brown.	Bulbul’s eyes are brown.
3. The boys ties were flying about.	The boys’ ties were flying about.
4. My sisters essay got the first prize.	My sister’s essay got the first prize.
5. The childrens books are torn.	The children’s books are torn.
6. Lets go to the zoo this evening.	Let’s go to the zoo this evening.
7. Crows nests are made of twigs.	Crows’ nests are made of twigs.
8. On Sunday therell be a fair.	On Sunday there’ll be a fair.
9. The babies dresses were on sale.	The babies dresses were on sale.

IV. Punctuate the following with commas and inverted commas, where needed.

1. Rajan said Goodbye.
2. Shiela says in our house there are chairs tables fans and radios.
3. Whose books are these ? said Rani.
4. I looked for my pen everywhere said Ali.
5. Give me the books, shouted Ranjit.
Answer:
1. Rajan said, “Goodbye.”
2. Shiela says, “In our house, there are chairs, tables, fans and radios.”
3. “Whose books are these ?” said Rani.
4. “I looked for my pen everywhere,” said Ali.
5. “Give me the books,” shouted Ranjit.

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions English Vocabulary Comparison using ‘as’ Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 7th Class English Vocabulary Comparison using ‘as’

एक जैसे गुणों वाली दो वस्तुओं को तुलना के लिए as………. as का प्रयोग किया जाता है। किसी गुणधर्म को Highlight करने के लिए उसकी तुलना उसी गुणधर्म वाली किसी भी अन्य वस्तु से की जा सकती है।

1. as good as gold
2. as happy as a clown
3. as sharp as a razor
4. as big as elephant

5. as heavy as lead
6. as beautiful as moon
7. as gentle as lamb
8. as silent as dea$
9. as small as ant
10. as thin as paper
11. as white as snow
12. as tall as giraffe
13. as clever as fox
14. as costly as diamond.
15. as proud as peacock
16. as hot as sun
17. as pretty as flower
18. as sweet as honey
19. as red as rose
20. as strong as iron
21. as innocent as lamb
22. as clever as fox/monkey/owl/crow
23. as wild as lion
24. as soft as silk
25. as light as cotton
26. as black as night
27. as wise as crow
28. as brave as lion.
29. as sure as death
30. as deep as ocean
31. as cold as ice
32. as black as coal
33. as busy as a bee
34. as clear as bell
35. as common as dirt
36. as deaf as a post

37. as easy as A.B.C.
38. as large as life
39. as light as air
40. as straight as an arrow

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions English Vocabulary Synonyms Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 7th Class English Vocabulary Synonyms

A Synonyms is a word which is same in meaning (एक समान अर्थ) to another word; as-

Word – Synonym

auspicious – happy/lucky
alive – lively
along – side by side
aim – objective
beautiful – pretty

bow – to bend
blaze – fire
believe – trust
banks – shores
courtier – a member of a royal court
comer – end point of some place
crack – rift
complete – full
cultural – traditional
celebrate – to hold make merry
deep – far-down
deities – gods/goddesses
diamond – a precious stone
dawn – morning
expect – hope
energy – power
famous – well-known
false – untrue
fright – panic, threaten
fervous – zeal
glance – look
gentle – kind
grey – brown
handsome – smart
honest – truthful
immobile – stationary
mounds – heaps/piles
nice – fine
overcome – win over
peace – calmness
patience – toleration
prepared – ready
paddy – rice crop
real – genuine
strong – tough
slumber – sound sleep
sight – scene
slightly – a little
stout – well built/strong
silent – quiet, motionless

smooth – plain
stuck – got busy
to pass – to move onward
tiny – little
together – along with
tense – nervous
trade – business
tribal – related to a tribe
ugly – bad looking
woods – jungle

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions English Vocabulary Antonyms Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 7th Class English Vocabulary Antonyms

An Antonym is a word which is opposite in meaning to another word; as

Word – Antonym

departure – arrival
ugly – beautiful
after – before

white – black
big – small
break – make
begin – end
buy – sell
complete – incomplete
clean – dirty
come – go
cruel – kind
cool – warm
catch – throw
care – neglect
calm – noisy
dawn – dusk
day – night
earth – sky
east – west
friend – enemy
front – behind
first – last
found – lost
give – take
good – bad
hate – love
here – there
hide – seek
happy – sad
hot – cold
in – out
late – early
love – hate
long – short
land – water
morning – evening
many – few
now – then
near – far
new – old
open – close
obey – disobey
proud – humble
push – pull
pretty – ugly
rich – poor
right – wrong/left
some – many
sit – stand
soon – late

tall – short
top – bottom
up – down
virtue – vice
wild – pet/domestic
win – lose
weak – strong

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions English Grammar Verb (Conjugation) Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 7th Class English Grammar Verb (Conjugation)

वे शब्द जो किसी क्रिया (action) को व्यकत करते हैं, Verbs कहलाते हैं। Verbs दो प्रकार के होते हैं- Main Verbs (मुख्य क्रियाएं) तथा helping verbs (सहायक क्रियाएं)

नीचे लिखे वाक्यों को पढ़िए:

1. Dev is sleeping.
2. Geeta made a doll.
3. They laughed.
4. The girls are going out.
5. Our team will play a match.

ऊपर दिए गए वाक्यों में sleeping, made, laughed, going तथा play मुख्य क्रियाएं (Main verbs) है। परन्तु is, are, will सहायक क्रियाएं (Helping Verbs) हैं। वे मुख्य क्रियाओं की सहायता करती हैं।
सहायक क्रियाएं निम्नलिखित हैं:
Is, am, are, was, were, has, have, had, do, does, did, will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might, must, ought to, need, dare, used to.

Exercises

I. Pick out the helping verbs in the following sentences.

1. I have found a bag.
2. Where were you going yesterday ?
3. I am learning to swim.
4. He has lost his book.
5. You may go out now.
6. I will bring an orange for you.
7. They are cutting the hedge.
8. Where do you live?
9. I shall give you some money.
10. You can go now.
Hints:
1. have
2. were
3. am
4. has
5. may
6. will
7. are
8. do
9. shall
10. can.

II. Fill in the blanks with suitable helping verbs:

1. The teacher…………. not punish the whole class.
2. We………….go for a picnic tomorrow.
3. Where………….. the books kept ?
4. Who………….stolen my money?
5. Which games…………played in school ?
6. The winner…………..receive a prize from the chief guest.
7. …………you seen the Taj Mahal ?
8. When…………..your tutor come to teach you ?
9. Ravi…………go to London or America for his holidays.
10. ………….I help you with your problems ?

Hints:
1. did
2. shall
3. were
4. has
5. are
6. will
7. Have
8. does
9. will
10. May.

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions English Grammar Translation Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 7th Class English Grammar Translation

Present Indefinite Tense

1. मैं स्कूल जाता हूँ। – I go to school.
2. बच्चे खेलते हैं। – Children play.
3. माता जी खाना बनाते हैं। – Mother cooks food.
4. लड़के खेलते हैं। – Boys play.
5. मोहित दांत साफ़ करता है। – Mohit brushes his teeth.

Present Indefinite Tense (Interrogative)

1. क्या आप स्कूल जाते हैं ? – Do you go to school ?
2. आप क्या चाहते हो ? – What do you want ?
3. आप देर से क्यों आते हो ? – Why do you come late ?
4. आप कहाँ रहते हो। – Where do you live?
5. आपका स्कूल कब लगता है ? – When does your school start ?

Present Indefinite Tense (Negative)

1. रोहित झूठ नहीं बोलता है। – Rohit does not tell lies.
2. मैं खाना बेकार नहीं करता हूँ। – I don’t waste food.
3. आप गाना नहीं गाते हो। – You do not sing a song.
4. समय किसी के लिए भी नहीं रूकता है। – Time does not wait for anyone.
5. हम स्कूल लेट नहीं जाते। – We do not go to school late.

Past Indefinite Tense

1. मैं स्कूल गया। – I went to school.
2. आपने खाना खाया। – You took food.
3. मेरी माता जी ने भोजन बनाया। – My mother cooked food.
4. मैंने कल पाठ याद किया। – I learnt my lesson yesterday.
5. चपरासी ने घंटी बजाई। – The peon rang the bell.

Past Indefinite Tense (Interrogative)

1. क्या आप कल स्कूल गए थे ? – Did you go to school yesterday ?
2. आप कल कितने बजे बाज़ार गए थे ? – At what time did you go to the market yesterday ?
3. आप कल देर से क्यों आए ? – Why did you come late yesterday ?
4. उन्होंने मेरी बात क्यों नहीं सुनी ? – Why did they not listen to me ?
5. उषा ने खाना कब बनाया। – When did Usha cook food ?

Past Indefinite Tense (Negative)

1. मैंने झूठ नहीं बोला। – I did not tell a lie.
2. शरन ने दवाई नहीं ली। – Sharan did not take medicine.
3. रचना ने कसरत नहीं की। – Rachna did not take excercise.
4. भारत ने मन नहीं हारा। – Bharat did not lose heart.
5. चपरासी ने घंटी नहीं बजाई। – The poen did not ring the bell.

Future Indefinite Tense

1. कल बरसात होगी। – It will rain tomorrow.
2. मैं कल स्कूल आऊँगा। – I will come to school tomorrow.
3. वह कल दिल्ली जाएगा। – He will go to Delhi tomorrow.
4. आप कल रमेश से मिलोगे। – You will meet Ramesh tomorrow.
5. रमन कल मुझे ई-मेल करेगा। – Raman will send me an e-mail tomorrow.

Future Indefinite Tense (Negative)

1. बच्चे झूठ नहीं बोलेंगे। – The children will not tell lies.
2. पंछी गीत नहीं गाएंगे। – The birds will not sing songs.
3. नांव समुद्र में नहीं डूबेगी। – The boat will not sink in the sea.
4. आज बरसात नहीं होगी। – It will not rain today.
5. आप स्कूल से छुट्टी नहीं करोगे। – You will not take a leave from the school.

Future Indefinite Tense (Interrogative)

1. क्या आप कल मुझे मिलेगें ? – Will you meet me tomorrow ?
2. क्या चित्रकार चित्र बनाएगा ? – Will the painter paint a picture ?
3. क्या वह गाना गाएंगे ? – Will they sing a song ?
4. आप स्कूल कब आएंगे ? – When will you come to school ?
5. आप मेरा काम क्यों नहीं करोगे ? -Why will you not do my work ?

Present Continuous Tense

1. बच्चे पढ़ रहे हैं। – Children are reading.
2. अंजू कार चला रही है। – Anju is driving a car.
3. आपको पसीना आ रहा है। – You are perspiring/sweating.
4. पानी बहुत तेज़ बह रहा है। – Water is running very fast.
5. अध्यापक पढ़ रहा है। – The teacher is teaching.

Present Continuous Tense (Interrogative)

1. क्या पानी तेज़ी से बह रहा है ? – Is the water running fast ?
2. लोग वृक्षों की छाया क्यों ढूंढ़ रहे हैं ? – Why are the people looking for the shade of the trees. ?
3. क्या रानी निशी की मदद कर रही है ? – Is Rani helping Nishi ?
4. मोहन घर कब जा रहा है ? – When is Mohan going home ?
5. उसकी माता कौन-सा खाना बना रही है ? – Which food is her mother cooking ?

Present Continuous Tense (Negative)

1. छोटे बच्चे खाना नहीं खा रहे हैं। – Little children are not eating food.
2. रोहित गाड़ी तेज़ नहीं चला रहा है। – Rohit is not driving fast.
3. सीता अपना काम ठीक नहीं कर रही है। – Sita is not doing her work.
4. बरसात नहीं हो रही है। – It is not raining.
5. मकैनिक कार ठीक नहीं कर रहा है। – Mechanic is not repairing the car.

Past Continuous Tense

1. वह सफलता के लिए प्रार्थना कर रहा था। – He was praying for success.
2. मेरा भाई स्कूल जा रहा था। – My brother was going to school.
3. मां पैसे बचा रही थी। – Mother was saving money.
4. सिमर नई किताब लिख रही थी। – Simar was writing a new book.
5. बरसात हो रही थी। – It was raining.

Past Continuous Tense (Negative)

1. साइकिल तेज़ नहीं चल रही थी। – The bicycle was not running fast.
2. पंछी उड़ नहीं रहे थे। – The birds were not flying.
3. मेरी सहेली गाना नहीं गा रही थी। – My friend was not singing a song.
4. मेरी माता जी गुस्सा नहीं कर रही थी। – My mother was not angry.
5. बच्चे शोर नहीं मचा रहे थे। – The Children were not making a noise.

Past Continuous Tense (Interrogative)

1. क्या सभी अपना पाठ याद कर रहे थे ? – Were all learning their lesson ?
2. पारस अपना जन्मदिन कैसे मना रहा था ? – How was Paras celebrating his birthday ?
3. लेखक कौन सी किताब लिख रहा था ? – Which book was the writer writing ?
4. राकेश घर कब जा रहा होगा ? – When was Rakesh going home ?
5. बरसात कब हो रही थी ? – When was it raining ?

Future Continuous Tense

1. मैं कल बस से दिल्ली जा रहा होगा। – I will be going to Delhi by bus tomorrow.
2. मेरे माता जी इस वक्त खाना बना रहे होंगे। – My mother will be cooking food at this time.
3. प्रीति गाना गा रही होगी। – Preeti will be singing a song.
4. रचित फिल्म देख रहा होगा। – Rachit will be watching a movie.
5. कल मनजीत पेपर दे रहा होगा। – Manjeet will be taking a test tomorrow.

Future Continuous Tense (Negative)

1. अगले सप्ताह किसान फ़सल नहीं काट रहा होगा। – The farmer will not be reaping the crop next week.
2. परीक्षा के दौरान हम टी०वी० नहीं देख रहे होंगे। – We were not watching T.V. during the examinations.
3. मुस्कान शाम के समय चाय नहीं पी रही होगी। – Muskan will not be taking tea in the evening.
4. वह घर नहीं जा रही होगी। – She will not be going home.
5. बच्चा इस समय सो नहीं रहा होगा। – The child will not be sleeping by this time.

Future Continuous Tense (Interrogative)

1. गुरमुख शाम का क्या कर रहा होगा ? – What will he be doing in the evening ?
2. क्या कल सुबह सोनू पढ़ रहा होगा ? – Will Sonu be reading in the morning tomorrow ?
3. क्या नरेश नई किताब खरीद रहा होगा ? – Will Naresh be buying new book ?
4. क्या सोनू क्रिकेट खेल रहा होगा ? – Will Sonu playing cricket ?
5. निशी शाम को घर कैसे जा रही होगी ? – How will Nishi going home in the evening ?

Other Sentences

1. मेरा बात सुनो। – Listen to me.
2. विनम्रता से बात करो। – Speak gently.
3. अपनी किताब मुझे दो। – Give me your book.
4. एक-दूसरे को धक्का ना मारो। – Don’t push one another.
5. आपस में मत झगड़ो। – Don’t quarrel among yourselves.
6. वह आदमी अमीर है। – That man is rich.
7. चाय गर्म है। – Tea is hot.
8. वह घर सुन्दर है। – That house is beautiful.
9. वह अच्छा अध्यापक है। – He is a good teacher.
10. धरती सूर्य के इर्द-गिर्द घूमती है। – The earth moves around the Sun.

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 14 Factorization Ex 14.3 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 14 Factorization Ex 14.3

1. Carry out the following divisions:

Question (i)
28x⁴ ÷ 56x
Solution:

Question (ii)
– 36y³ ÷ 9y²
Solution:

Question (iii)
66pq²r³ ÷ 11qr²
Solution:

Question (iv)
34x³y³z³ ÷ 51 xy²z³
Solution:

Question (v)
12a⁸b⁸ ÷ (- 6a⁶b⁴)
Solution:

2. Divide the given polynomial by the given monomial:

Question (i)
(5x² – 6x) ÷ 3x
Solution:

Question (ii)
(3y⁸ – 4y⁶ + 5y⁴) ÷ y⁴
Solution:

Question (iii)
8 (x³y²z² + x²y³z² ÷ 4 x²y²z²)
Solution:

Question (iv)
(x³ + 2x² + 3x) ÷ 2x
Solution:

Question (v)
(P³ q⁶ – p⁶ q³) ÷ p³ q³
Solution:

3. Work out the following divisions:

Question (i)
(10x – 25) ÷ 5
Solution:
= \(\frac{10 x-25}{5}\)
= \(\frac{5(2 x-5)}{5}\)
= 2x – 5

Question (ii)
(10x-25) ÷ (2x – 5)
Solution:
= \(\frac{10 x-25}{2 x-5}\)
= \(\frac{5(2 x-5)}{(2 x-5)}\)
= 5

Question (iii)
10y (6y + 21) ÷ 5 (2y + 7)
Solution:
= \(\frac{10 y(6 y+21)}{5(2 y+7)}\)
= \(\frac{2 \times 5 \times y \times 3 \times(2 y+7)}{5(2 y+7)}\)
= 2 × y × 3
= 6y

Question (iv)
9x²y²(3z – 24) ÷ 27xy (z – 8)
Solution:

Question (v)
96 abc (3a – 12) (5b – 30) ÷ 144 (a – 4)(b – 6)
Solution:
= \(\frac{96 a b c(3 a-12)(5 b-30)}{144(a-4)(b-6)}\)
= \(\frac{2 \times 2 \times 2 \times 2 \times 2 \times 3 \times a \times b \times c \times 3 \times(a-4) \times 5 \times(b-6)}{2 \times 2 \times 2 \times 2 \times 3 \times 3 \times(a-4) \times(b-6)}\)
= 2 × 5 × a × b × c
= 10 abc

4. Divide as directed:

Question (i)
5 (2x + 1) (3x + 5) ÷ (2x + 1)
Solution:
= \(\frac{5(2 x+1)(3 x+5)}{(2 x+1)}\)
= \(\frac{5 \times(3 x+5)}{1}\)
= 5(3x + 5)

Question (ii)
26xy (x + 5) (y – 4) ÷ 13x (y – 4)
Solution:
= \(\frac{26 x y(x+5)(y-4)}{13 x(y-4)}\)
= \(\frac{2 \times 13 \times x \times y(x+5)(y-4)}{13 x(y-4)}\)
= 2y(x + 5)

Question (iii)
52pqr (p + q) (q + r) (r + p) ÷ 104pq (q + r) (r + p)
Solution:
= \(\frac{52 p q r(p+q)(q+r)(r+p)}{104 p q(q+r)(r+p)}\)
= \(\frac{52 \times p \times q \times r \times(p+q)(q+r)(r+p)}{2 \times 52 \times p \times q \times(q+r)(r+p)}\)
= \(\frac{r \times(p+q)}{2}\)
= \(\frac {1}{2}\)r (p + q)

Question (iv)
20 (y + 4) (y² + 5y + 3) ÷ 5 (y + 4)
Solution:
= \(\frac{20(y+4)\left(y^{2}+5 y+3\right)}{5(y+4)}\)
= \(\frac{2 \times 2 \times 5 \times(y+4)\left(y^{2}+5 y+3\right)}{5(y+4)}\)
= 2 × 2 × (y² + 5y + 3)
= 4(y² + 5y + 3)

Question (v)
x (x + 1) (x + 2) (x + 3) ÷ x (x + 1)
Solution:
= \(\frac{x(x+1)(x+2)(x+3)}{x(x+1)}\)
= \(\frac{(x+2)(x+3)}{1}\)
= (x + 2)(x + 3)

5. Factorise the expressions and divide them as directed:

Question (i)
(y² + 7y + 10) ÷ (y + 5)
Solution:
First we factorise
y² + 7y + 10
= y² + 5y + 2y + 10
= y (y + 5) + 2 (y + 5)
= (y + 5) (y + 2)
∴ (y² + 7y + 10) ÷ (y + 5)
= \(\frac{(y+5)(y+2)}{(y+5)}\)
= y + 2

Question (ii)
(m² – 14m – 32) ÷ (m + 2)
Solution:
First we factorise
m² – 14m – 32
= m² – 16m + 2m – 32
= m (m – 16) + 2 (m – 16)
= (m – 16) (m + 2)
∴ (m² – 14m – 32) ÷ (m + 2)
= \(\frac{(m-16)(m+2)}{m+2}\)
= m – 16

Question (iii)
(5p² – 25p + 20) ÷ (p – 1)
Solution:
First we factorise
5p² – 25p + 20
= 5 (p² – 5p + 4)
= 5 (p² – 4p – p + 4)
= 5 [p (p – 4) – 1 (p – 4)]
= 5 (p – 4) (p – 1)
∴ (5p² – 25p + 20) ÷ (p – 1)
= \(\frac{5(p-4)(p-1)}{p-1}\)
= 5 (p – 4)

Question (iv)
4yz (z² + 6z – 16) ÷ 2y (z + 8)
Solution:
= \(\frac{4 y z\left(z^{2}+6 z-16\right)}{2 y(z+8)}\)
= \(\frac{2 z\left(z^{2}+6 z-16\right)}{z+8}\)
Now, factorise
z² + 6z – 16
= z² + 8z – 2z – 16
= z (z + 8) – 2 (z + 8)
= (z + 8) (z – 2)
∴ 4yz (z² + 6z – 16) ÷ 2y (z + 8)
= \(\frac{2 z(z+8)(z-2)}{z+8}\)
= 2z (z – 2)

Question (v)
5pq (p² – q²) ÷ 2p(p + q)
Solution:

Question (vi)
12xy (9x² – 16y²) ÷ 4xy (3x + 4y)
Solution:
= \(\frac{12 x y\left(9 x^{2}-16 y^{2}\right)}{4 x y(3 x+4 y)}\)
= \(\frac{12 x y(3 x-4 y)(3 x+4 y)}{4 x y(3 x+4 y)}\)
= 3 (3x – 4y)

Question (vii)
39y³ (50y² – 98) ÷ 26y² (5y + 7)
Solution: