This PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 21 National Movement 1885-1919 will help you in revision during exams.
PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 21 National Movement 1885-1919
→ Nationalist Movement:
- The nationalist movement started in India after the Revolt of 1857 A.D.
- The main objectives of this movement were national freedom, democracy, social equality, and national development.
→ Early Phase (1885-1905 A.D.):
- Many political organizations were formed in the second half of the 19th century like-Bombay Association, Indian Association, Madras Native Association, Poona Sarvjanic Sabha, and Madras Mahajan Sabha.
- Indian National Congress was formed in 1885 A.D.
- Congress adopted moderate policies in its early years like the spread of education, Industrial development, debt waiver of farmers, etc.
→ Indian Nationalist Movement (1905-1919 A.D.):
- Even simple and general demands of Congress were not met by the British rulers.
- Consciousness among people aroused and one extremist party was originated within Congress.
→ Origin of Extremists:
- Partition of Bengal by Curzon, Russian defeat from Japan, the Russian revolution of 1905 A.D., and the Leadership of Lal-Bal-Pal gave encouragement to extremism.
- Extremists wanted that their demands should be met by putting more and more pressure.
→ Boycott and Swadeshi Movement:
- The movement which came out of anger at the partition of Bengal gave birth to Boycott and Swadeshi movement.
- The main objective of this movement was to encourage local industries and to boycott British goods.
→ Extremist Leaders:
- Lal-Bal-Pal were extremist leaders of Congress who wanted to attain Swaraj through struggle, Boycot,t, and Swadeshi.
- They dominated Indian politics after 1905 A.D.
→ Revolutionaries:
- Many youngsters of Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Bengal-like states started revolutionary movements.
- They believed in the killing of Britishers, the use of weapons, and self-sacrifice.
→ Gadar Movement:
- Gadar Party was founded in San Fransisco (USA) in 1913 A.D.
- Baba Sohan Singh Bhakna was appointed its President.
- This organization tried to throw the British out of India through armed revolution under the leadership of Ras Bihari Bose and Kartar Singh Sarabha.