This PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 22 National Movement 1919-1947 A.D. will help you in revision during exams.
PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 22 National Movement 1919-1947 A.D.
→ Truth and Non-violence: Mahatma Gandhi was the most important leader of our freedom movement after 1916 A.D.
→ He adopted the path of truth and non-violence and gave strength to our national movement.
→ All the movements started by him were based upon truth and non-violence.
→ Main Events of the Struggle: Khilafat Movement, the arrival of Simon Commission, Dandi March, Quit India Movement and some other events proved to be the milestones of the freedom struggle.
→ Rowlatt Act: The British passed Rowlatt Act in 1919 A.D. to crush the national movement.
→ According to this Act, anyone could be arrested and put in prison without being tried in a court of law.
→ Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy: Many rallies and processions were held to protest against the Rowlatt Act at many places in India.
→ One such rally was held on 13th April 1919 A.D. in Jallianwala Bagh at Amritsar.
→ Hundreds of innocent people were killed and thousands wounded when General Dyer ordered firing on unarmed people attending the meeting.
→ Non-Cooperation Movement: This movement was started in 1920 A.D. by Gandhiji against British rule.
→ The Hindus and Muslims collectively opposed the government.
→ Khilafat Movement: This movement continued side by side with the Non-Cooperation Movement.
→ The Muslims had started this movement against British rule because the Government of England had not treated well the Sultan of Turkey.
→ Naujawan Sabha: Sardar Bhagat Singh founded Naujawan Sabha in 1925-26 A.D.
→ The main aim of Naujawan Sabha was to create a spirit of patriotism and self-sacrifice among the youth.
→ Akali Movement or Gurudwara Reforms Movement: The management of the Gurudwaras in Punjab was in the hands of corrupt Mahants.
→ The Sikhs wanted to save the Gurudwaras from the clutches of such corrupt Mahants.
→ The Sikhs started the Gurudwara Reform Movement.
→ Babbar Akali Movement: Some Sikh leaders of the Gurudwara Reform Movement turned violent.
→ Their leader Kishan Singh established “Chakravarti Jatha” which propagated against the British loyalists.
→ Simon Commission: The Simon Commission was sent by the British Government in 1927 A.D. to know as to what more political concessions be granted to the Indians after the passing of the Government of India Act of 1919.
→ Purana Swaraj: In 1929, the Congress in its Lahore Session passed a resolution demanding complete Independence or “Poorna Swaraj”.
→ Civil Disobedience Movement: This movement was started by Mahatma Gandhi.
→ He along with his trusted followers, marched to Dandi (Gujarat) where he broke the Salt Law by making salt on the sea coast in March 1930 A.D.
→ The first phase of this movement ended in 1931.
→ Its second phase was started in 1932 A.D.
→ The Government arrested thousands of Satyagrahis and sent them to jails.
→ It also committed atrocities against them. The movement come to an end in 1934.
→ Quit India Movement: During the Second World War, the Congress under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi started the Quit India Movement in August 1942.
→ Prominent Congress leaders were imprisoned.
→ The government suppressed the movement mercilessly.
→ Freedom of India: India won her freedom from British rule.
→ It was partitioned into two countries – India and Pakistan in August 1947 A.D.