This PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 17 Women and Reforms will help you in revision during exams.
PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 17 Women and Reforms
→ Religious and Socio reform Movements:
- Religious and socio reform movements were started in the 19th century in almost all the communities of Indian Society.
- These movements attacked the supremacy of Brahmins, superstitions, and fundamentalism in the religious sector.
- Their aim in social life was to eradicate the caste system, child marriage, and other social inequalities in society.
→ Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Brahmo Samaj:
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy (1772-1833), founded Brahmo Samaj in 1828 A.D.
- He started a movement to remove the Sati system and child marriage from society.
- The name of Brahmo Samaj spread in the whole of the country under the leadership of Keshav Chandra Sen.
→ Spread of Reform Movements:
- These movements also started in other parts of the country.
- Prarthna Samaj was founded in Bombay (Mumbai) in 1862 A.D.
- Many National Leaders like Mahadev Govind Ranade (1842-1901) took part in it.
- Mahatma Jyotiba Phooley played an active role in the reformation of scheduled castes.
→ Arya Samaj:
- Arya Samaj was founded by Swami Dayanand in 1875 A.D.
- He raised his voice against child marriage, Sati Pratha, and Dowry System.
→ Sikh Reform Movement:
- Two main reform movements, related to Sikhs, were started Namdhari (Kuka) Movement and Singh Sabha Movement.
- Out of these, Singh Sabha Movement achieved important achievements in the field of education and literature.
→ Other Reform Movements:
- Swami Vivekanand founded Rama Krishna Mission to spread the teachings of his Guru Ramakrishna Paramhans.
- Mrs. Annie Besant again tried to strengthen Theosophical Movement in 1893 A.D.
→ Reform movement among Muslims was started by Nawab Abdul Latif:
- The most important movement among Muslims was started by Sir Sayyed Ahmad Khan (1817-98).
- The most important work done by him was the establishment of Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875 A.D.
→ Impact of Reform Movements:
- Important progress came in the field of upliftment of women as a result of reform movements.
- Nationalism was aroused and a sense of unity came among the people.