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PSEB 12th Class History Notes Chapter 7 Guru Hargobind Ji and Transformation of Sikhism

This PSEB 12th Class History Notes Chapter 7 Guru Hargobind Ji and Transformation of Sikhism will help you in revision during exams.

PSEB 12th Class History Notes Chapter 7 Guru Hargobind Ji and Transformation of Sikhism

Early Career:

  • Guru Hargobind Ji was born on 19 June 1595 A.D. at village Wadali in Distt. Amritsar.
  • The name of his father was Guru Arjan Dev Ji and the name of his mother was Ganga Devi.
  • Five sons and one daughter were born to him He assumed the Gurgaddi in 1606 A.D.

New Policy of Guru Hargobind Ji:
The main features of the New Policy of Guru Hargobind Ji are as follow:

Chapter 7 Guru Hargobind Ji and Transformation of Sikhism

Causes:

  • The Mughal emperor Jahangir could not tolerate the flourishing of any other religion except Islam.
  • Jahangir got Guru Arjan Dev Ji martyred in 1606 A.D.
  • Guru Arjan Dev Ji himself had instructed Guru Hargobind Ji to adopt the New Policy.

Features:

  • Guru Hargobind Ji wore the two swords known as Miri and Piri.
  • Guru Hargobind Ji organized an army.
  • He instructed the Sikhs to bring him offerings of arms and horses.
  • He undertook the construction of the Akal Takht Sahib.
  • He adopted several paraphernalia of sovereignty and assumed royal symbols.
  • The city of Amritsar was fortified The fort of Lohgarh was constructed.
  • Guru Ji made several changes in his daily life.

Chapter 7 Guru Hargobind Ji and Transformation of Sikhism

Importance:

  • The Sikh saints became soldiers.
  • The Sikhs were united.
  • The propagation and preaching of Sikhism were enhanced.
  • The relations between the Sikhs and the Mughals were strained.
  • The New Policy established the basis of the Khalsa Panth.

Guru Hargobind Ji and Jahangir:

  • Jahangir took Guru Hargobind Ji as a prisoner in 1606 A.D.
  • He was kept in the fort of Gwalior.
  • There is a diverse opinion among the historians regarding the period of imprisonment of Guru Ji.
  • When Guru Ji was freed, then he insisted on the freedom of the other 52 imprisoned kings.
  • For this reason, Guru Hargobind Ji began to be called Bandi Chhod Baba.
  • After the release, the relations between Guru Hargobind Ji and Jahangir took a friendly turn.

Chapter 7 Guru Hargobind Ji and Transformation of Sikhism

Guru Hargobind Ji and Shah Jahan:

  • In 1628 A.D., when Shah Jahan became the Mughal emperor, the relations between the Mughals and the Sikhs got strained again.
  • Shah Jahan’s fanaticism sent a wave of resentment among the Sikhs.
  • In 1634 A.D., the first battle between the Mughals and the Sikhs was fought at Amritsar.
  • The Sikhs were victorious in the battle.
  • The battles fought between the Sikhs and the Mughals at Lahira, Kartarpur, and Phagwara were won by the Sikhs.
  • These victories spread the fame of Guru Hargobind Ji far and wide.

Immersed in Eternal Light:

  • In 1635 A.D., Guru Hargobind Sahib built a new town called Kiratpur Sahib.
  • He spent the last ten years of his life here.
  • Before his death, Har Rai Ji was nominated by him as his successor.
  • Guru Hargobind Ji was immersed in Eternal Light on March 3, 1645 A.D.

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