PSEB 12th Class History Notes Chapter 12 Abdus Samad Khan, Zakariya Khan and Mir Mannu: Their Relations with the Sikhs

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PSEB 12th Class History Notes Chapter 12 Abdus Samad Khan, Zakariya Khan and Mir Mannu: Their Relations with the Sikhs

Abdus Samad Khan:

  • Abdus Samad Khan was made the Governor of Lahore in 1713 A.D.
  • He inflicted grave atrocities on the Sikhs.
  • Pleased with him, the Mughal Emperor Farrukh Siyar honoured him with the title of word of the State’.
  • To safeguard themselves against the Mughal atrocities, the Sikhs had organised themselves into Jathas.
  • Despite his best efforts, Abdus Samad Khan failed to crush the power of the Sikhs.
  • He was deposed in 1726 A.D.

PSEB 12th Class History Notes Chapter 12 Abdus Samad Khan, Zakariya Khan and Mir Mannu: Their Relations with the Sikhs

Zakariya Khan:

  • Zakariya Khan was appointed the Governor of Lahore in 1726 A.D.
  • Hundreds of Sikhs began to be martyred every day at Delhi gate in Lahore.
  • In 1726 A.D., Bhai Tara Singh Van along with 22 companions inflicted a heavy loss on the Mughal army.
  • The Sikh Jathas adopted the guerilla warfare strategy and gave Zakariya Khan sleepless nights.
  • In order to placate the Sikhs Zakariya Khan presented a Jagir worth 1 lakh rupees to Sardar Kapoor Singh, the Sikh leader, and bestowed upon him the title of Nawab.
  • When the relations got strained again Zakariya Khan established his control over Harmandir Sahib.
  • In 1738 A.D., Zakariya Khan got the Head Granthi of Harmandir Sahib i.e. Bhai Mani Singh Ji executed.
  • In the same period, the executions of Bhai Bota Singh Ji, Bhai Mehtab Singh Ji, Bhai Sukha Singh Ji, Bal Haqiqat Rai Ji, and Bhai Taru Singh Ji infused a new vigour among the Sikhs.
  • Consequently, the Sikhs did not let Zakariya Khan have any respite till his death.
  • Zakariya Khan died on July 1, 1745 A.D.

Yahiya Khan:

  • Yahiya became the Governor of Lahore in 1746 A.D.
  • He took strict steps against the Sikhs.
  • In May 1746 A.D., Yahiya Khan and Diwan Lakhpat Rai executed approximately 7,000 Sikhs at a place near Kahnuwan.
  • This incident is often referred to as the First Holocaust.
  • In 1747 A.D. Yahiya Khan’s younger brother Shah Nawaz Khan imprisoned him.

PSEB 12th Class History Notes Chapter 12 Abdus Samad Khan, Zakariya Khan and Mir Mannu: Their Relations with the Sikhs

Mir Mannu:

  • Mir Mannu was also known by the name of Muin-ul-Mulk.
  • He was the Governor of Punjab from 1748 A.D. to 1753 A.D.
  • He proved a worse foe of the Sikhs than his predecessors.
  • In 1752, Mir Mannu was appointed the Governor of Punjab by Abdali.
  • Despite his untiring efforts, Mir Mannu could not succeed in crushing the power of the Sikhs.
  • He died in 1753 A.D.

Causes of failure of Mir Mannu:

  • The Sikhs organised the Dal Khalsa.
  • The Sikhs had firm determination, unlimited zeal, bravery, and a spirit of sacrifice for their Panth.
  • The Sikhs used guerilla war tactics.
  • Diwan Kaura Mai who was the adviser of Mir Mannu was compassionate towards his Sikhs.
  • During his rule, Mir Mannu was surrounded by several problems pertaining to the state.

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