Punjab State Board PSEB 11th Class Sociology Important Questions Chapter 6 Socialization Important Questions and Answers.
PSEB 11th Class Sociology Important Questions Chapter 6 Socialization
Multiple Choice Questions:
1. Who among the following is more influential in Socialisation?
(a) An individual
(b) Society
(c) Family
(d) Group
Answer:
(c) Family
2. What is a necessary element of socialisation?
(a) To grasp the culture
(b) Language
(c) Ways of living
(d) Society
Answer:
(a) To grasp the culture
3. Socialisation is not possible without ………………
(a) ways of living
(b) language
(c) body
(d) ability
Answer:
(b) language
4. Socialization ends with …………………
(a) marriage
(b) after 50 years
(c) death
(d) retirement
Answer:
(c) death
5. Which of these is a feature of socialisation?
(a) Life long process
(b) Process of learning
(c) Slow process
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these
6. The first relation of child is with ……………..
(a) family
(b) country
(c) society
(d) world
Answer:
(a) family
7. The best means of socialisation is ……………..
(a) family
(b) neighbourhood
(c) society
(d) play group
Answer:
(a) family
8. With which process, a child learns the ways of living in society?
(a) Socialisation
(b) Acculturation
(c) Sanskritisation
(d) Assimilation
Answer:
(a) Socialisation
9. Who gave the social self theory of socialisation?
(a) Cooley
(b) Freud
(c) Merton
(d) Weber
Answer:
(a) Cooley
10. Who used the word Id, Ego and Super Ego in socialisation?
(a) Cooley
(b) Weber
(c) Merton
(d) Freud
Answer:
(d) Freud
Fill in the Blanks:
1. The process of …………… starts with the birth of a child.
Answer:
socialisation
2. The process of socialisation ends with the ………………… of an individual.
Answer:
death
3. The meaning of …………….. particular identity of an individual.
Answer:
self
4. School, Law etc. are the ……………….. means of socialisation.
Answer:
formal
5. ……………. is the basic agency of socialisation.
Answer:
Family
6. Young age comes after ……………… age.
Answer:
adolescent
True/False:
1. The process of socialisation starts with the birth of a child.
Answer:
True
2. There are five stages of socialisation.
Answer:
True
3. Main aim of socialisation is to make an individual anti-social.
Answer:
False
4. The process of socialisation is not a learning process.
Answer:
False
5. In school, a child learns the ways of living in society.
Answer:
True
6. In play group, leadership qualities emerge in a child.
Answer:
True
One Word/Line Question Answers:
Question 1.
What is Socialisation?
Answer:
It is a process of learning in which a child learns ways of living and all the rules of society.
Question 2.
What is the objective of the process of socialisation?
Answer:
The main objective of this process is to make an individual a social individual and a good citizen of society.
Question 3.
When does the process of socialisation start?
Answer:
This process starts with the birth of a child.
Question 4.
When does the process of socialisation end?
Answer:
This process ends with the death of an individual.
Question 5.
What is the most important agency of socialisation?
Answer:
Family is the most important agency of socialisation.
Question 6.
How many stages of socialisation are there?
Answer:
There are five stages of socialisation-infant stage, childhood stage, adolescent stage, adulthood stage and old age.
Question 7.
When does childhood stage start and end?
Answer:
It starts with, the age of 1/4 years and goes on till 12-13 years.
Question 8.
When does infant stage start and end?
Answer:
It starts with the birth of a child and goes on till VA years.
Question 9.
When does adolescent stage start and end?
Answer:
It starts in 14-15 years and goes on till 20-21 years.
Question 10.
Name the stage that comes after adolescent stage.
Answer:
The next stage after the adolescent stage is young age.
Very Short Answer Type Questions:
Question 1.
Meaning of Socialisation.
Answer:
Each society is having some of its definite cultural objectives and some definite ways to achieve such objectives. An individual needs to learn such ways and this process of learning is known as socialisation.
Question 2.
Definition of socialisation.
Answer:
According to Fitcher, “Socialisation is a process of mutual influence between a person and his fellow men, a process that results in an acceptance of, and adaptation of the patterns of social behaviour.”
Question 3.
One element of Socialisation.
Answer:
Socialisation is very much necessary for an individual, society and group and in this process, he learns and adopts values, norms, traditions, knowledge, ways of behaviour etc. This process of learning goes on for the whole of one’s life.
Question 4.
One base of Socialisation.
Answer:
Human child depends upon others for more time as compared to animals. He is dependent upon others to fulfil all of his needs. This dependency makes relations with others and consequently, society is formed.
Short Answer Type Questions:
Question 1.
Socialization.
Answer:
Every society has some of its definite cultural goals and there are fixed ways to achieve those goals. Man cannot achieve these goals without learning them and neither the personality of the man can be developed. All this he can learn through the process of socialization. According to Bogardus, “Socialization is the process of working together of developing group responsibility of being guided by the welfare needs of others.”
Question 2.
What is Absence of Instinct?
Answer:
This instinct man gets by birth in his heritage which animals also get by birth but humans learn every thing in this world. If we will leave any child alone then he will not be able to learn any thing. With the help of education man adapts himself to the situation. That’s why man’s behaviour is not known as natural but known as social. This instinct is learned.
Question 3.
Name the four stages of process of Socialization.
Answer:
Harry M. Johnson has divided the process of Socialization in four stages and these are:
- Oral stage (from birth to 1\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) years)
- Anal stage (1\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) to 4 years)
- Latency stage (4—12 years)
- Adolescence stage (13-21 years).
Question 4.
Main biological bases of Socialization of Individual.
Answer:
There are 4 ftiain biological bases of Socialization of Individual.
- Absence of instinct .
- Childhood dependence of individual
- Physical structure of man
- More learning capacity.
Question 5.
Family-As a means of Socialization.
Answer:
There are many means of socialization but family is the best of them. Child takes birth in family and his socialization starts from there. While living with family child learns to live with other members of family. Family tells him to how to live in society, how to behave in society and how to behave with others. In family, child learns a number of things. In family child learns a number of norms, values, rules of the family and society. Family makes a person a socialized person. No other institution can take place of family in the socialization of a person. While living in family, a person learns for the whole life. Family gives him many statuses and roles with which he gets many rights and duties. In this way family plays an important role in socialization of a person.
Question 6.
School-As a means of Socialization.
Answer:
School is also one of the most important means of socialization. School changes an uncivilized child into a civilized person. Child spends most part of his early childhood in the school. In school, he lives with other children from whom he learns a lot. Other children are generally from different cultures and the child learns many things of their cultures from them. In school, he is generally influenced by the characters of many teachers and children as well. He studies many subjects in school with which he comes to know about many things in the world. School makes his personality. He makes other teachers as his ideals with which his personality develops to a great extent. All in all school moulds the child in a proper way and prepares him to live in the complex modem world.
Question 7.
Importance of Socialization.
Answer:
Socialization is of great importance in our society because through this process, one becomes able to live in society. When a child takes birth then he hardly knows anything. He is dependent upon family members to fulfil his basic needs. Family fulfills all of his needs and tells him how to live a better life. He is being told about how to live and behave in society and this process of learning is the process of socialization. In this way socialization plays a very important role in making a child a good citizen.
Long Answer Type Questions:
Question 1.
What do you mean by Socialization? Explain with definitions.
Answer:
Meaning of Socialization. A child enters in this world in a very small body and he just knows about the fulfilment of his basic physical needs and in fact he does so. But slowly and slowly with the passage of time he grows up and becomes a man who has his own ideas, feelings, wishes, likings, dislikings and he knows about his ideas. A man cannot get all these by birth but he learns all these things while living in society and this process of learning is known as the process of socialization. In this way we can say that socialization is a process with which a child learns some qualities of human personality and becomes a complete person. The process of socialization is the process of learning social rules, norms, qualities etc. In this way process of socialization makes an animal like child a complete man. With this an individual not only learns to behave according to the needs of society but he also learns other things like language, art, techniques, norms, values etc.
Definitions of Socialization:
- According to Fichter, “Socialization is a process of mutual influence between a person and his fellow men, a process that results in an acceptance of, and adaptation to the patterns of social behaviour.”
- According to Kingsley Davis, “Socialization is a process through which human child grasps the culture and enters in the structure of society.”
- According to Horton and Hunt, “Socialization is the process whereby one internalizes the norms of the groups among whom one lives so that a unique self emerges.”
- According to Harry M. Johnson, “Socialization is learning that enables the learner to perform social roles.”
So after looking at the above definitions of Socialization we can say that socialization is that process of learning in which a child learns all the rules, norms, ways of behaviour of the society. With this process, culture is transmitted from one generation to another. Man learns to adjust with the organized and effective ways of life whichever ways, discipline, qualities, wishes, values, ways of living etc. man needs to live his life. All those things he learns with the process of socialization. This process not only affects a new born baby but it also affects the man for his whole life. This process also continuously goes on even inside the man. That’s why child learns to adapt himself with the rules of society even from his childhood and mixes with the society. In short, culture of the society is transmitted from one generation to another with the process of socialization.
Question 2.
What are the elements and bases of Socialization?
Elements of Socialization
Answer:
1. First of all socialization is very necessary for a man, society and the group and man learns and grasps the values, norms, ways, knowledge, way of behaviour of society. This process of learning and grasping starts from the birth of the child and goes on for the whole life and ends at the death of the individual.
2. Because of the process of socialization, elements of the culture become a part of the personality of the individual. They both cannot be separated. Even we cannot see that how many elements of culture have been grasped by man. These elements are different in every individual but when these have been grasped by man then they become rules for the man and man works according to them. All these elements of culture connect with the personality of the man because man hardly knows about the effect of control of society. Unconsciously he bends towards the ways of social control. He loves to work according to these rules, gets satisfaction that whatever he is doing that is-right and is according to the rules of society.
3. The result of the process of socialization is that man accommodates with his social environment, tylan is a part of social environment and is related with his different groups as ohe of the their part. He is aware of the thing that he has some definite position in these groups. That’s why many things are common between him and other persons and he can transmit them to next generation, can share his sorrows and sufferings. Humans are different physically-hut they are mentally connected with each other. As a member of any group they have the sense of commonness because of which they make their identity with their group.
4. With socialization man comes to know about reality. Even exactly after sometime of his birth child starts to realise the reality. There is no difference between himself and others for a new born baby. Slowly and slowly, with interaction with elders he not only comes to know about that difference but he also comes to know about himself and others. This ability is known as self.
Bases of Socialization:
There are some bases of the process of socialization which are as follows:
1. Absence of basic Instincts. From a biological point of view every physical structure is different. Behaviour of man is not related with basic instinct. For example birds build their nest to live, this instinct they get by nature from their birth. They know all this by nature but humans are not getting this thing by nature. He gets education of everything. How to build a house or how to do any work, all this depends upon his education. He moulds himself according to his education.
2. Childhood Dependency. A human child is much more dependent upon other persons and even for a longer time as compared to the infants of animals. He is so helpless that he cannot live without depending upon others. He is dependent upon others to fulfil his every type of need. This dependency forms the relationships in society because the persons who help the child during his dependency period, child comes closer to them and he loves them a lot. This need of dependency of human child for a long time upon others becomes the base of the process of socialization.
3. Physical Structure. Physical structure of humans is such that it is more organised than the animals. Human brain is more complex from the point of view of formation and structure. Many processes done by it are possible for humAnswer: That’s why humans send their ideas to others with the help of language with proper thinking. In this way man uses brain and brain takes him to that place which he has never thought of. Day by day he moves towards progress. That’s how human culture is also developed. In this way physical structure of human motivates him to do many types of actions.
4. Learning Capacity. Humans have more learning capacity as compared to other organism. Yet it is right that the infants of animals also have some ability of learning. We can expect from them to learn something but the capacity which humans have animals don’t have. Infant of animal cannot do any of the actions done by humAnswer: Mental actions of animals are limited. They cannot go beyond a definite limit.
Actually the ability pf a person is related to his linguistic ability. Animal is without any language. Only humans have the capacity to use language. With the medium of language man transmits his social heritage from one generation to another. Ability of language makes him a social man. That’s why socialization of man is easy and with this man establishes contacts with others. People living at far off places are connected with each other just because of language. Man socializes its next generation by giving it knowledge of every thing. Absence of ability language is a great obstacle in the socialization of animals.