PSEB Notes

This PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Notes Chapter 6 Managing Emotions will help you in revision during exams.

PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Notes Chapter 6 Managing Emotions

→ Everyone has a lot of emotions and everyone keeps showing them.

→ But it is important for us to control these emotions or it could be more harmful than good.

→ We can be very intelligent and successful if we are able to understand our emotions because a balance of emotions can get us on the road to success.

→ Balancing emotions means that we need to know exactly how to express a particular emotion.

→ If we manage to strike this balance, we can certainly succeed in life.

→ Emotions are like ocean waves that can jump at any moment.

→ If ocean waves occur on a large scale, Tsunami can occur.

→ In the same way, it can be harmful if the emotions occur on a large scale.

→ That’s why emotions should be kept in control or they can have a wrong impact on our social and mental health and on family relations.

→ If we want to express ourselves, it is important that we get in the habit of writing a diary on a daily basis.

→ Diary becomes a companion of happiness and keeps our secrets like a trusted friend.

→ We can lighten our minds by writing in a diary.

→ The person’s thinking and attitude should be positive.

→ We should always have forward-thinking.

→ We have to be humble with others or we will be at a great loss.

→ We need to maintain a balance of emotions and express them to a limited extent.

→ We have some negative and positive emotions and there is a need for their proper coordination.

→ We need to throw out the negative emotions and have more positive emotions.

This PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Notes Chapter 5 Creative Thinking will help you in revision during exams.

PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Notes Chapter 5 Creative Thinking

→ Creative thinking is the basis of human life.

→ When we think of innovation in life, it is called creative thinking.

→ When we look at something in a new way or think about it in a new way, it is because of our creative thinking.

→ Nature also keeps on creating something new.

→ Just like new flowers grow on a tree, so much new is being created every moment.

→ We can also think and create something new with our creative thinking.

→ We can start a new creation from our room.

→ We can point the walls nicely.

→ We can make the covers of our books and copies better.

→ We all live in the world and while living in the world, we face many kinds of problems.

→ Only then can we try to find a solution to that problem.

→ It is our thinking that helps us to find the best solution to the problems we face.

→ For example, you might have remembered the story of a thirsty crow who found the solution to the problem when he found less water in a Jug.

→ In the same way, we have an example of Dasrath Manjhi who lived in Bihar.

→ He worked between the hills.

→ One day his wife came to give him food.

→ She fell down from the hill and died.

→ The Hospital was. 55 km away.

→ She could have survived if she could have reached early.

→ Manjhi worked very hard alone for 22 years, cut the mountain, and made a 360 feet long and 30 feet wide road.

→ Initially, people made fun of him but later on, he was called. “The mountain man.”

This PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Notes Chapter 4 Empathy will help you in revision during exams.

PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Notes Chapter 4 Empathy

→ Emotions are an important part of our life.

→ We use many of the emotions in our daily life such as anger, love, fear, hardness, pain, etc.

→ As emotions are an important part of our life, it is necessary to learn that which emotion could be used at what time.

→ For example, laughter is good for health but laughing at the time of death of anyone becomes a wrong expression.

→ It is a must for us to identify the emotions, accept them and keep them under control.

→ Our society is based on social values and such a society is known as a civilized society.

→ Society runs smoothly due to such values as norms, honesty, respect, sense of responsibility, etc.

→ Few other emotions are also important such as cooperation, maintaining balance with others, etc.

→ The whole of the world is full of diversity and every creature knows that he is different from others.

→ While living in society, we come to know about many languages, customs, cultures, etc.

→ India is full of such diversity.

→ That’s why unity in diversity is quite visible in India.

→ Many communities and groups live in society.

→ We must live in peace and harmony with the people of different languages, religions, etc. We must respect such diversity.

→ Helping others is quite good but while helping, keep in mind that the person is needy or not. If not then the help will be in vain.

This PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Notes Chapter 3 Interpersonal Relationships will help you in revision during exams.

PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Notes Chapter 3 Interpersonal Relationships

→ This chapter deals with the issue of interpersonal relationships and how we have to deal with mutual relations.

→ Family is just like a tree. Every member of the family is like a branch of a tree.

→ Each member of the family has its own importance.

→ If a member dies, the person is greatly missed.

→ The family tree continues to grow.

→ That’s why it is important for us to continue to water this family tree with respect and love.

→ This will make the tree grow and flourish.

→ A small story is also given in the chapter ‘Live and Let Others Live’.

→ This story has many characters such as Komal Preet Kaur, Pooja Sharma, Anmol, and Manjit Singh.

→ This story starts with the conversation between Pooja and Komal and they move to tuitions.

→ After this, Manjot and Simran misbehave with Pooja and Komal and try to harass them.

→ Then Komal and Pooja discuss that how to get rid of this problem.

→ They do not want to discuss the matter with their parents or teachers as they could take out their own fault in it.

→ Then they think of Anmol who is a common friend of all.

→ Komal and Pooja share the whole of the incident with Anmol who further says that he will discuss the matter with Manjot and Simran.

→ Anmol meets both of the boys and tells them that in adolescent age, there is a character-building process.

→ That’s why they must keep control of themselves.

→ Anmol tells them that teasing girls is called Eve Teasing and teasing boys is known as Adam Teasing.

→ It is a criminal offense and an individual can be punished for such actions.

→ After listening to this from Anmol and both the girls, both Manjot and Simranjit understand the things and apologize for their actions. They promise them not to repeat the same mistake.

→ Anmol says that we must follow the concept of Live and Let Live.

→ In this way, they will become good friends.

This PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Notes Chapter 2 Critical Thinking will help you in revision during exams.

PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Notes Chapter 2 Critical Thinking

→ We live in society and while living in society, we have certain dreams.

→ To fulfill our dreams, occasionally we do daydreaming or talk in vague.

→ We have to fight and win the war to fulfill our dreams.

→ We have to work hard to fulfill our dreams which give us determination.

→ Only with a concentration of mind, we can make our dreams come true.

→ While living in the world, we compare many things with others. Sometimes, the comparison is positive which is good.

→ But if the comparison becomes negative then the person becomes jealous and starts walking on the path of despair.

→ If we are not satisfied with our situation and do not adopt positive thinking then we cannot have all-around development.

→ So, instead of trying to be negative, we must learn good things from others and should talk in a constructive way.

→ No two individuals are the same in this world.

→ They must have some differences between them.

→ We must learn from such differences to move forward, Modern media has made the whole world much smaller.

→ We can see and talk to a person sitting thousands of kilometers away.

→ But we must use the media wisely and not let them dominate us.

→ In the age of modernization, one should use the means of entertainment for one’s own entertainment but we must not forget the books which cannot be replaced in any case.

→ We must use social media wisely and in a constructive way.

→ We must not let social media dominate us and only use it to increase our knowledge.

This PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Notes Chapter 1 Self Awareness and Self Discipline will help you in revision during exams.

PSEB 9th Class Welcome Life Notes Chapter 1 Self Awareness and Self Discipline

→ Man is a social animal and from the ages, he is struggling to find his identity and true existence.

→ That’s why he needs to coordinate with others to live in society, there is much hidden in a person’s mind and personality.

→ The real purpose of self-consciousness is to identify oneself correctly.

→ Every person has some of the other quality and often he does not even know it.

→ You need to find and use that particular quality.

→ Everyone needs to build their identity while living in society and he can do this by finding qualities within himself.

→ One should always analyze oneself and needs to find the answers to all the questions which revolve around his identity. We must always improve ourselves.

→ If a person has qualities then he also has weaknesses.

→ One can only make one’s true identity if one realizes one’s shortcomings and does not allow them to dominate one another.

→ In this way, he should always be willing to cooperate with others.

→ There is a time limit for everyone. He must complete his tasks on time and live a disciplined life.

→ We must know the importance of time.

→ Once the time is gone, it doesn’t come back.

→ So, we must not waste our time on idle work and spend it on fruitful work, That’s why we must know how to manage the time, must make the time table.

→ Everyone does his work only while living in society.

→ In this way, everyone’s duty is to fulfill their responsibilities properly.

→ If everyone does not fulfill their responsibilities properly, society will not move properly.

→ We have many obligations to other people and if we fulfill these obligations properly, it helps in our physical, emotional, and social development.

This PSEB 9th Class Social Science Notes Civics Chapter 6 Fundamental Rights of Citizens under Constitution will help you in revision during exams.

PSEB 9th Class Social Science Notes Civics Chapter 6 Fundamental Rights of Citizens under Constitution

→ While living in society, people enjoy many facilities such as equality, expression of speech, to move anywhere, to adopt any occupation, to follow any religion, etc. Such facilities are called rights.

→ We can say that the rights are such genuine demands of an individual or group of individuals which are recognized by society and state.

→ To give citizens a happy life and to maintain the dignity of individuals, our Constitution has given us a few rights which are known as fundamental rights.

→ These are given in the 3rd part and under Articles 12-35 of the Constitution.

→ Our rights are quite lengthy and extensive, positive and negative, they are limited but justiceable and they cannot be violated.

→ Initially, the Indian citizens were given seven fundamental rights out of which the right to property was deleted in 1978 through the 44th constitutional amendment and was made a legal right Consequently this number came down to six.

→ In 2002, through the 86th constitutional amendment, children were given the Right to Education (RTE) and it was kept under Article 21A.

→ We are given six fundamental rights and these are:

• Right to Equality (Articles 14-18)
• Right to Freedom (Articles 19-22)
• Right against Exploitation (Articles 23-24)
• Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25-28)
• Cultural and Educational Right (Articles 29-30)
• Right to Constitutional Remedy (Articles 32)

→ In our country, many provisions are kept to maintain the security and independence of the judiciary.

→ This is done so that judiciary must give its decisions without any fear.

→ Our courts (Supreme Court and High Courts) are given the power of judicial review.

→ It means that the judiciary can check any law made by the legislature.

→ If it feels that the law made by the legislature is against the basic structure of the Constitution, it can declare that law illegal (null and void).

→ The power of judicial review is given so that the different organs of government must work according to their jurisdiction and according to the spirit of the Constitution.

→ Fundamental Rights are fundamental because they are very much necessary for the all-round development of an individual.

This PSEB 9th Class Social Science Notes Civics Chapter 5 Democracy and Election Politics will help you in revision during exams.

PSEB 9th Class Social Science Notes Civics Chapter 5 Democracy and Election Politics

→ Our country is a democratic country and the most important feature of democracy is its electoral politics.

→ In a democracy, elections are held after a fixed period of time and a new government is elected.

→ To run the administration, few decisions are taken and the power to take decisions lies in the hands of those who are elected directly by the people.

→ People elect their representatives to solve their problems at the local level or they will have to run from pillar to post for the solution of their problems.

→ Presently, elections are quite important because it helps in changing the government and it restrict the government from becoming autocratic.

→ In our country, a concept of one adult-one vote-one value is implemented to bring equality in electoral politics.

→ In our country, direct elections are conducted for Lok Sabha, State Legislative Assemblies, and for local self-government.

→ To conduct all such elections, a voters’ list is prepared by the Election Commission.

→ In India, elections are conducted on the basis of adult franchise and those individuals who have attained the age of 18 years have the right to vote.

→ Voters of the country are given the right to secretly cast their vote so that no one should come to know that to whom one has given his valuable vote.

→ The responsibility of conducting elections in our countries is given to an independent and impartial Election Commission.

→ It consists of three members who are appointed by the President of India.

→ Election Commission performs many important functions such as preparing voters’ lists, directing the elections, framing election-related rules, implementation of code of conduct, allot election symbols, giving recognition to political parties, conducting elections, etc.

→ Independent and impartial elections are expected in a democracy.

→ That’s why the government and the election commission have made many changes in the process of elections.

→ The process of elections is quite lengthy which includes delimitation of constituencies, the announcement of election dates, filing of nomination and withdrawal, election campaigning, conducting elections, counting, and declaration of results.

→ Political parties play a very important role in democracy because, in their absence, elections cannot be conducted.

→ There is a multi-party system in India.

→ There are two types of parties in the country – National Parties and Regional Parties.

→ There are 7 national parties and many regional parties in the country.

This PSEB 9th Class Social Science Notes Civics Chapter 4 India’s Parliamentary Democracy will help you in revision during exams.

PSEB 9th Class Social Science Notes Civics Chapter 4 India’s Parliamentary Democracy

→ There are three organs of government-legislature, executive, and judiciary.

→ The major function of the legislature is to make laws, the executive is to implement the laws and the judiciary is to use the laws.

→ Our country has the parliamentary form of government which means that the members of the council of ministers must be the members of Parliament.

→ Any minister can remain on his post until he enjoys a majority in Legislature.

→ In the parliamentary form of government, there is a constitutional Head of the country who is given enormous powers.

→ But practically he cannot use his powers. On his name, his powers are used by the Council of Ministers.

→ In this system, the administration of the country is run by the political party, for a fixed period of time which enjoys a majority in the Parliament (Lok Sabha).

→ In the Parliamentary form of government, Prime Minister is the leader of the Council of Ministers and the leader of the majority party. He uses all the powers assigned to the President.

→ Article 79 of the Indian Constitution has made arrangements of the Parliament which consists of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha and the President.

→ Lok Sabha is elected by the whole public on the basis of Universal Adult Franchise and it represents the people.

→ Rajya Sabha represents the states and its members are elected indirectly by the members of State Legislative Assemblies.

→ The Constitutional Head of the country is the President who is elected by the elected members of an electoral college.

→ The whole of the country’s administration is run in the name of the President.

→ The Constitution has given many powers to the President but an arrangement has been made that he will use all of his powers on the advice of the council of ministers.

→ He is given many legislative, executive, financial, judicial, emergency powers, etc.

→ To aid Prime Minister, a council of ministers is appointed which consists of three types of ministers-Cabinet Minister, Minister of state, and Deputy Minister.

→ In the Parliamentary form of government, actual power lies in the hands of the Prime Minister.

→ Whichever political party gets a clear-cut majority after Lok Sabha elections, elects its leader who is appointed as the Prime Minister by the President.

→ After looking at the powers of the Prime Minister, it seems that he is above all but it’s not that.

→ His powers are limited to an extent and he cannot oppose public opinion.

This PSEB 9th Class Social Science Notes Civics Chapter 3 Establishment of Indian Democracy and its Nature will help you in revision during exams.

PSEB 9th Class Social Science Notes Civics Chapter 3 Establishment of Indian Democracy and its Nature

→ Man is a social animal and while living in society, he is required to follow certain rules.

→ It helps not only in one’s personality development but also helps in the smooth functioning of society.

→ To run society smoothly, the state forms certain rules which are formed according to the constitution of the country.

→ The Constitution is a legal document or a book of rules and regulations according to which a country is governed.

→ The process of the making of the Indian Constitution was initiated even before the Indian independence.

→ According to the clauses of the Cabinet Mission 1946, indirect elections for the Constituent Assembly were held.

→ The Constituent Assembly had 389 members which remained 299 after the Indian Independence as a separate Constituent Assembly was formed for Pakistan.

→ Many individuals gave great contributions to the making of the Indian Constitution and some of them were Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Jawahar Lal Nehru, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel, J.B. kriplani, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, T.T. Kishnamachari, etc.

→ On 26th November 1949 rough sketch of the Indian Constitution was passed by the Constituent Assembly but it come into force on 26th January 1950. With this, India became a Republic country.

→ The Constitution starts with the Preamble which can also be called as the essence of the Constitution.

→ All the basic principles of the constitution are given in the Preamble.

→ Our Constitution is a written constitution in which all the rules of running the administration are given.

→ That’s why it is the lengthiest among all the constitutions of the world.

→ Many sources were used in the making of our constitution.

→ The constitution of Britain, U.S.A. Canada, Australia, Ireland, Germany, erstwhile U.S.S.R., South Africa, Japan, etc. were consulted.

→ The laws made by the British Parliament before 1947 also became its important parts.

→ Our constitution has given India the status of a Sovereign, Democratic, Republic, Socialist, and Secular State.

→ Indian Constitution has given us a federal structure which means powers will be divided among Central and State governments.

→ Along with this, a few unitary features are also given according to which the Central government is more powerful.

→ Democratic setup has been established in India which gives all the citizens the right to elect their government. It is known as Universal Adult Franchise.

→ Our Constitution can be amended but for this, consent of the Parliament as well as of the states is required.

→ First Constitutional Amendment was made in 1951 and till today, 103 amendments have been made.