This PSEB 9th Class Social Science Notes Economics Chapter 3 Poverty: Challenge Facing India will help you in revision during exams.
PSEB 9th Class Social Science Notes Economics Chapter 3 Poverty: Challenge Facing India
→ Poverty: Poverty has been defined as a situation in which a person fails to earn sufficient income to buy bare means of subsistence.
→ Social Exclusion: The poor have to live only in poor surroundings with other poor people.
→ Vulnerability: Poverty is a measure that describes the greater probability of certain communities becoming or remaining poor in the coming years.
→ Measurement of Poverty:
- Relative Poverty
- Absolute Poverty
→ Relative Poverty: It refers to the distribution of national income across different individuals and households in the country.
→ Absolute Poverty: It refers to the measure of poverty, keeping in view the per capita intake of calories and minimum level of consumption.
→ Poverty line: It is the method to measure the minimum income required to satisfy the basic needs of life.
→ Calorie: It is the energy given to a person by a full day’s food.
→ Causes of poverty:
- Low economic growth
- Heavy population pressure
- Rural Economy.
→ Anti-poverty measures:
- Promotion of economic growth
- Poverty alleviation programmes
→ Worldwide estimates of poverty: More than one-fifth of the world’s poor people live in India.
→ Calories measure: The accepted average calorie requirement in India is 2400 calories per person per day in rural areas and 2100 calories per person per day in urban areas.
→ Daily wages labourers: A worker who is paid for work on a daily basis.
→ Consumption: Destruction of utility is called consumption.
→ Income: Money is received, especially on a regular basis, for work or through investment.
→ Investment: Expenditure for further production is called investment.
→ Inequalities: An instance of being unequal.
→ Gender Discrimination: Discrimination in terms of gender, caste, or any other respect.
→ Poorest: States of India Odisha and Bihar.