Class 8

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 3 Understanding Quadrilaterals Ex 3.1 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 3 Understanding Quadrilaterals Ex 3.1

Question 1.
Given here are some figures.

Classify each of them on the basis of the following:
(a) Simple curve
(b ) Simple closed curve
(c) Polygon
(d ) Convex polygon
(e) Concave polygon
Solution:
(a) Simple curves : (i), (ii), (v), (vi) and (vii)
(b) Simple closed curves : (i), (ii), (v), (vi) and (vii)
(c) Polygons : (i) and (ii)
(d) Convex polygon : (ii)
(e) Concave polygons : (i)

Question 2.
How many diagonals does each of the following have?
(a) A convex quadrilateral
(b) A regular hexagon
(c) A triangle
Solution :
(a) In a convex quadrilateral, number of sides (n) = 4
∴ Number of diagonals = \(\frac{n(n-3)}{2}\)
= \(\frac{4(4-3)}{2}\)
= \(\frac{4 \times 1}{2}\)
= 2

(b) In a regular hexagon, number of sides (n) = 6
∴ Number of diagonals = \(\frac{n(n-3)}{2}\)
= \(\frac{6(6-3)}{2}\)
= \(\frac{6 \times 3}{2}\)
= 9

(c) In a triangle, number of sides (n) = 3
∴ Number of diagonals = \(\frac{n(n-3)}{2}\)
= \(\frac{3(3-3)}{2}\)
= \(\frac{3 \times 0}{2}\)
= 0.

Question 3.
What is the sum of the measures of the angles of a convex quadrilateral ? Will this property hold if the quadrilateral is not convex ? (Make a non-convex quadrilateral and try!)
Solution:
The sum of measures of angles of a convex quadrilateral = 360°

Yes, this property holds, even if the quadrilateral is not convex.
Here, quadrilateral ABCD is a non-convex quadrilateral.
m∠A + m∠B + m∠C + m∠D
= 40° + 55° + 35° + 230°
= 360°

Question 4.
Examine the table. (Each figure is divided into triangles and the sum of the angles deduced from that.)

What can you say about the angle sum of a convex polygon with number of sides ?
(a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 10 (d) n
Solution :
From the above table, we conclude that sum of interior angles of polygon with n-sides = (n – 2) × 180°
(a) When n = 7
Sum of interior angles of a polygon of 7 sides = (n – 2) × 180°
= (7 – 2) × 180°
= 5 × 180°
= 900°

(b) When n = 8
Sum of interior angles of a polygon of 8 sides = (n – 2) × 180°
= (8 – 2) × 180°
= 6 × 180°
= 1080°

(c) When n = 10
Sum of interior angles of a polygon having n-sides = (n – 2) × 180°
= (10 – 2) × 180°
= 8 × 180°
= 1440°

(d) When n = n
Sum of interior angles of a polygon having n-sides = (n – 2) × 180°

Question 5.
What is a regular polygon ? State the name of a regular polygon of:
(i) 3 sides
(ii) 4 sides
(iii) 6 sides
Solution:
A polygon is said to be a regular polygon if:
(1) the measures of its interior angles are equal.
(2) the lengths of its sides are equal.

The name of a regular polygon having:
(i) 3 sides is a ‘equilateral triangle’.
(ii) 4 sides is a ‘square’.
(iii) 6 sides is a ‘regular hexagon’.

Question 6.
Find the angle measure x in the following figures.
(a)

Solution:
The sum of the interior angles of a quadrilateral = 360°
∴ x + 120° + 130° + 50° = 360°
∴ x + 300° = 360°
∴ x = 360° – 300°
(Transposing 300° to RHS)
∴ x = 60°

(b)

Solution:
The sum of the interior angles of a quadrilateral = 360°
∴ x + 60° + 70° + 90° = 360°
∴ x + 220° = 360°
∴ x = 360° – 220° (Transposing 220° to RHS)
∴ x = 140°

(c)

Solution:
Interior angles are : 30°, x, x,
(180° – 70°) = 110° (Linear pair) and
(180° – 60°) = 120° (Linear pair)
The given figure is a pentagon.
∴ Sum of interior angles of a pentagon = (n – 2) × 180°
= (5 – 2) × 180°
= 3 × 180° = 540°
∴ 30° + x + x + 110° + 120° = 540°
∴ 2x + 260° = 540°
∴ 2x = 540° – 260° (Transposing 260° to RHS)
∴ 2x = 280°
∴ \(\frac{2 x}{2}=\frac{280^{\circ}}{2}\)
(Dividing both the sides by 2)
∴ x = 140°

(d)

Solution:
It is a regular pentagon.
Sum of all interior angles of a pentagon
= (5 – 2) × 180°
= 3 × 180°
= 540°
∴ x + x + x + x + x = 540°
∴ 5x = 540°
∴ \(\frac{5 x}{5}=\frac{540^{\circ}}{5}\)
(Dividing both the sides by 5)
∴ x = 108°

7. (a).

Find x + y + z
Solution:
x + 90° = 180° (Linear pair)
∴ x = 180° – 90°
∴ x = 90°
y = 30° + 90° = 120°
(Exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of interior opposite angles)
z = 180° – 30° (Linear pair) = 150°
Now, x + y + z = 90° + 120° + 150°
= 360°

(b).

Find x + y + z + ω
Solution:
The sum of interior angles of a quadrilateral = 360°

∴ a + 60° + 80° + 120° = 360°
∴ a + 260° = 360°
∴ a = 360° – 260° = 100°
Now, x + 120° = 180° (Linear pair)
∴ x = 180°- 120° = 60°
y + 80° = 180° (Linear pair)
∴ y = 180° – 80° = 100°
z + 60° = 180° (Linear pair)
∴ z = 180° – 60° = 120°
ω + 100° = 180°
∴ ω = 180° – 100° = 80°
Thus, x + y + z + ω = 60° + 100° + 120° + 80°
= 360°

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class English Book Solutions English Dialogue Writing Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 8th Class English Dialogue Writing

1. Imagine you went on tour during the holidays. A friend of yours wanted to know all about your tour. Both of you will ask and answer the questions asked during die conversation. The beginning of the Conversation is given. You will start with the given conversation ami then continue.

1. Friend : When did you go on the true ?
You : I went on the tour on Monday.
2. Friend : How may boys were you ?
You : We were ‘twenty boys.
3. Friend : Who was the incharge of the tour ?
You : Sh. Sohan Singh was the incharge of the tour.
4. Friend : …………………
You : We left for Delhi by train.
5. Friend : …………………
You : We stayed there for two days.
6. Friend : …………………
You : Yes, there are many places worth-seeing in Delhi.
7. Friend : …………………
You : We went to see The Taj at Agra.
8. Friend : …………………
You : It was built by Shah Jahan.
9. Friend : …………………
You : It is considered one of the wonders of the world.
10. Friend : …………………
You : Shah Jahan built it in the memory of his wifi.
Answer:
1. When did you go on the tour ?
2. How many boys were you ?
3. Who was the incharge of the tour ?
4. How did you leave for Delhi ?
5. How long did you stay there ?
6. Are there any places worth seeing in Delhi ?
7. Why did you go to Agra ?
8. Who built it ?
9. Why is the Taj so famous ?
10. In whose memory did Shah Jahan build the Taj ?

2. Imagine you went to the railway station to see off a friend. Your brother wanted to know what you saw there. Both of you wilrask and answer the question during the conversation. Now write the dialogue between you and your brother.

1. Brother : …………………
You : I went to see offz friend.
2. Brother : …………………
You : We went there in a tonga.
3. Brother : …………………
You : There was a great rush at the booking-window.
4. Brother : …………………
You : There was a great rush at the platform also.
5. Brother : …………………
You : People were walking up and doum the platform.
6. Brother : …………………
You : The porters were moving to and fro.
7. Brother : …………………
You : Wehad to wait for only ten minutes.
8. Brother : …………………
You : The train arrived in time.
9. Brother : …………………
You : My friend got a seat near the window.
10. Brother : …………………
You : I came back after the departure of the train.
Answer:
1. Why did you go to the railway station ?
2. How did you go there ?
3. Where was a great rush?
4. Where else was a great rush ?
5. What were the people doing there ?
6. What were the porters doing ?
7. How long had you to wait ?
8. When did the train arrive ?
9. Where did your friend get a seat ?
10. When did you come back ?

3. Imagine you attended the prize distribution function of your school. Your mother wants to know about it. Write your conversation with your mother in dialogue format.
1. Mother : …………………
You : The prize distribution function started at 2 p.m.
2. Mother : …………………
You : The Education Minister presided over the function.
3. Mother : …………………
You : He was received at the gate.
4. Mother : …………………
You : Some students sang a welcome song.
5. Mother : …………………
You : Yes, the pandal was full.
6. Mother : …………………
You : At first, the Headmaster read out the annual report.
7. Mother : …………………
You : The Education Minister gave away the prizes.
8. Mother : …………………
You : The Education Minister made a short speech.
9. Mother : …………………
You : He congratulated the prize-winners.
10. Mother : …………………
You : I got four prizes.
Answer:
1. When did the prize distribution function start ?
2. Who presided over the function ?
3. Where was he received ?
4. Who sang a welcome song ?
5. Was the pandal full ?
6. What did the Headmaster do first ?
7. Who gave away the prizes ?
8. What did the Education Minister do ?
9. Who did he congratulate ?
10. How many prizes did you get ?

4. Suppose you were Mohit and you had to appear before the Principal of a college for interview. The beginning of the conversation is given. You will start with the given conversation and then continue.

1. Principal : What is your name?
Mohit : My name is Mohit.
2. Principal : …………………
Mohit : I am seventeen years old.
3. Principal : …………………
Mohit : I passed my Matriculation Examination in April 1986.
4. Principal : …………………
Mohit : I passed my Matriculation Examination from R.S. Model High School.
5. Principal : …………………
Mohit : I got 725 marks.
6. Principal : …………………
Mohit : My hobby is stamp-collecting.
7. Principal : …………….
Mohit : Yes, I know typewriting.
8. Principal : …………….
Mohit : I can type thirty words a minute.
9. Principal : …………….
Mohit : No, I have no experience.
10. Principal : …………….
Mohit : I shall learn my job in a few days.
Answer:
1. What is your name ?
2. How old are you ?
3. When did you pass your Matriculation Examination ?
4. From which school did you pass your Matriculation Examination ?
5. How many marks did you get ?
6. What is your hobby ?
7. Do you know typewrit¬ing ?
8. What is your typing speed ?
9. Do you have any experience ?
10. How will you do your job then ?

5. Imagine you have failed in the examination. Your father wants to know the reason of your failure. Now Complete the dialogue, writing the questions answers during your conversation.

1. Father : …………….?
You : The papers were very difficult.
2. Father : …………….?
You : Yes, I worked very hard for the examination.
3. Father : …………….?
You : I have failed only in one paper.
4. Father : …………….?
You : Yes, I have been a very regular student.
5. Father : …………….?
You : I shall appear again.
6. Father : …………….?
You : I hope to get good marks.
7. Father : …………….?
You : I am in the good books of my teachers.
8. Father : …………….?
You : English is a difficult subject for me.
9. Father : …………….?
You : No, I shall prepare it myself.
10. Father : …………….?
You : I may need the help of my teacher.
Answer:
1. Why did you fail in the examination ?
2. Did you work hard for the examination ?
3. In how many papers have you failed ?
4. Have you been a regular student ?
5. What will you do now ?
6. How many marks do you hope to get ?
7. What is the opinion of your teachers about you ?
8. Which subject is difficult for you ?
9. Will you engage a tutor ?
10. Whose help will you need ?

6. Imagine you remained absent from school for a week, lour class-teacher wants to know the reason of your absence. Write the dialogue between you and your teacher. Your – beginning of the Conversation is given. You will start with given Conversation and then continue.

1. Teacher : Why were you absent for a week ?
You : Sir, I wa§ suffering from fever.
2. Teacher : Did you send any application ?
You : No, I did not send an application.
3. Teacher : ………………..
You : Because no student comes from my locality.
4. Teacher : ……………….
You : I consulted Dr. R. Nagpal.
5. Teacher : ……………….
You : He advised me to take full rest for ten days.
6. Teacher : ……………….
You : Now I am feeling all right.
7. Teacher : ………………
Answer:
1. Why were you absent for a week ?
2. Did you send any application ?
3. Why did you not send the application ?
4. Which doctor did you consult ?
5. What did he advise ?
6. How are you feeling now ?
7. Will you be able to learn your lessons ?

7. Imagine you bought a book from a book-seller. When you reached home, you found some pages missing. In the evening you went to the shop again. Write the dialogue between you and the book-seller.

1. Shopkeeper : Shopkeeper.
You : No, I don’t want to buy any book.
2. Shopkeeper : …………………….
You : I want only to change this book.
3. Shopkeeper : …………………….
You : I bought it yesterday evening.
4. Shopkeeper : …………………….
You : Your salesman gave it to me.
5. Shopkeeper : …………………….
You : I paid twenty five rupees for it.
6. Shopkeeper : …………………….
You : Yes, I got a cash memo from the salesman.
7. Shopkeeper : …………………….
You : No, I can’t wait for three days.
Answer:
1 .Do you want to buy some book ?
2. What do you want then ?
3. When did you buy it ?
4. Who gave it to you ?
5. How much did you pay for it ?
6. Did you get the cash memo from the salesman ?
7. Can you wait for three days ?

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class English Book Solutions English Composition Note-Making Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 8th Class English Composition Note-Making

किसी दिए Passage को आसानी से समझने के लिए उसे Short Notes का रूप दिया जा सकता है। ऐसे Notes तैयार करना एक कला है। इसके लिए विद्यार्थी में Passage के मुख्य बिन्दुओं को छांटने की क्षमता होनी चाहिए। उसे पता होना चाहिए कि Passage में क्या छोड़ा जा सकता है और किन बिन्दुओं को Highlight करना ज़रूरी है। उसे Passage के आरम्भ और अंत को ध्यान से पढ़ना चाहिए। इसी से Passage के मूल भाव को समझा जा सकता है। इसे Skimming कहा जाता है।

Note-Making की कई विधियां हैं। Passage को शीर्षकों तथा उप-शीर्षकों में बदला जा सकता है। इसे Flowchacts का रूप दिया जा सकता है। कुल मिला कर विद्यार्थी को Notes लिखते समय निम्नलिखित बिन्दुओं पर अपना ध्यान केंद्रित करना चाहिए।

1. Passage का कोई उचित-शीर्षक लिखें। यह बहुत लम्बा न हो।
2. यदि Passage लम्बा हो, तो उसके मुख्य बिन्दुओं तथा उप-बिन्दुओं को लिख लें।
3. विद्यार्थी इन बिन्दुओं को संक्षिप्त तथा सांकेतिक शब्दों द्वारा भी नोट कर सकता हैं, जैसे-लाभ-हानियां, विशेषताएं आदि।.
4. जहां तक संभव हो लम्बे वाक्यों का प्रयोग मत करें। मुख्य बिन्दुओं को कम से कम शब्दों में सीमित करें।
5. प्रचलित Abbreviations (शब्दों का संक्षिप्त रूप) का प्रयोग करें। आप अपनी निजी Abreviations भी प्रयोग कर सकते हैं; जैसे tomer = tomorrow; cong = conclusion इत्यादि। परन्तु ऐसे संक्षिप्त रूप तभी प्रयोग करें जब Notes अपने निजी प्रयोग के लिए बनाए गए हों।

संकेत-अक्षर किसी भी विषय के हो सकते हैं। जैसे-
3 <4; 4 > 3
three is smaller than 4; ∴ therefore
4 is greater than 3 ∴ because
because A/c Account number etc.

1. Read the following passage and write the main points:

There are three types of American rice. Long grain is slender and the grains remain : separate when cooked. It is suited to main dishes, salads and soups. Medium grain is plumper than long grain and more tender when cooked. Short grain is almost round; the grains stick together when cooked.

Rice is also classified according to the ways it is processed. Brown rice retains the bran and germ (and therefore more nutrient); Parboiled or converted rice is soaked, steamed, and dried before milling. It retains more nutrients than white rice but takes 5 to 10 minutes longer to cook. Precooked white rice is cooked and dehydrated after milling and needs little cooking.

Main Points (Notes):
Classification of American rice
(a) How it looks:

1. long grain- slender, remains, separate when cooked.
2. medium grain- plumper, more tender when cooked.
3. short grain- almost round, stick together when cooked.

(b) How it is processed:

1. Brown rice-bran, germ-more nutrient.
2. Parboiled/Converted rice-soaked, steamed and dried, retains, nutrients, take longer to cook
3. Precooked white rice-already cooked and dehyrated, needs litde cooking.

2. Read the passage carefully and write the main points in the space provided.

THE INDIAN TOLL
According to the Union Transport Ministry, although buses constitute only 1.2% of India’s vehicles. In 2002 they were responsible for more than 11% of road accidents and 13% deaths. Around 85,000 people die every year from road accidents in India and the social cost of all this is a staggering Rs. 55,000 crores. In India, as in Asia, the driver is the main culprit. 78% of accidents are attributed to the drivers fault. And although there are programmes for teaching road safety, only a very few drivers attend it. Indeed, Dr. Sanjay K. Singh, of IIT, Kanpur and a transport subject expert argues that bus safety in India will not improve unless drivers are better off economically, and not overworked in addition, he says road infrastructure must improve with special lanes for cyclists and handcarts and proper footpaths for pedestrians.

Main Points:
I. Report on Road Accidents from Transport Ministry (2002):

1. No. of road accidents each year : Around 85,000
2. % accidents by bus drivers : 78%
3. % deaths caused by these accidents : 13%
4. Money spent on problems related to accidents : Rs. 55,000 crores

II. Solution:

1. training drivers : road safety classes few drivers attend-problems:
2. condition of drivers : well off economically, not to be overworked.
3. better roads : how ?

Improvement in road infrastructure-special lanes for cyclists, handcarts- proper footpaths.

3. Read the passage and Write the main points (Notes):

The Interim Test Range (ITR) was established in 1989 as a dedicated range for launching missiles, rockets and flight test vehicles. A number of missiles of different class including the multi-role Trishul, multi-target capable Akash, the anti-tank Nag missile, the surface-to-surface missile Prithvi, and long range technology demonstrator Agni, have been test fired from the ITR Brah Mos, the Indiaft Russian joint venture, set up to develop supersonic cruise missiles has also been tested at this range. The ITR has also supported a number of other missions such as testing of the multi-barrel rocket launcher Pinaka and pilodess aircraft Lakshya. The ITR has also been made capable for testing airborne weapons and systems with the help of sophisticated instrumentation.

Main Points (Notes)

1. Interim Test Range (ITR) established in 1989 for launching missile rockets and flight test vehicles.
2. Number of misssiles launched.
   Trishul, Akash, Nag, Prithvi, Agni
3. Brah Mos : Indian-Russian joint venture
4. Other missions supported : Pinaka (Multi-barrel rocket launcher); Lakshya (pilotless aircraft).

4. Read the passage given below and make notes:

Books are by far the most lasting products of human efforts. Temples crumble into ruin, pictures and states decay, but books survive. Time is of no account with great thoughts which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their authors minds ages ago. What was then thought and said still speaks to us as ever from the printed page. The only effect of time has been to sift and throw out the bad products : for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good. Books introduce us into the best society, they bring us into the presence of the greatest minds that have lived. We hear what they said; we see them as if they were really alive; we sympathise with them, enjoy with them, grieve with them, their experience becomes ours; and we feel as if we were actors with them in the scenes which they describe.

Notes:
Title : Permanent Value of Books
Main Points
A. (i) Books most lasting products. No effect of time other things come to the dust
(ii) thoughts in books become brighter and fresher.
B. Printed pages always speak.
C. Only good can survive bad products disappear.
D. Company of great minds of post-joys, grieves, experiences become wars.
E. Conclusion : Mirror of the past and present society.

5. Read the passage given below and make notes:

If the young students in schools and colleges do not learn discipline, they will never be able to extract obedience from others in society. In fact, society will never accept them as persons fit for any responsible position in life. A school or college without discipline can never impart suitable education to students. Such a school or college is no better than a factory to turn out imperfect men and women. Sense of discipline plays a very important part in the playground and the battle field. A disciplined team is likely to win the match in spite of its weakness but a very good team may not fare well for want of discipline. The rule of discipline equally applies to soldiers in the battle field

Notes:
Title : Students and Discipline.
Main Points
(A) Dis. in Society

1. needed is all fields
2. Source of extracting obedience
3. Not accepted responsible persons

(B) Schools and Colleges without Dis.

1. No dis. -no suitable education
2. prepare only imperfect men and woman.

Play ground and battle field

1. disciplined team wins
2. good team may lose
3. sure victory for disciplined soldiers. (Abb. Dis. Discipline)

6. Read the passage given below and make notes:

Games, though essential should not become the be-all and end-all of student life. Generally, the sportsmen waste too much time on them, and fail in their examinations. One must never devote more then an hour to sports. Again if a player plays a game rashly, there is every danger of breaking bones. If, it is the played without the spirit of sportsmanship. It can lead to bad blood and quarrels. In some of the colleges, there is a tradition that if the visiting team is winning a match, the home team plays foul, picks a quarrel and break the bones of the visitors. But in spite of all these minor defects. Sports are very useful in keeping the students busy and in developing their personalities.

Notes:
Title. Advantages and Disadvantages of Games

Main Points
A. Games and Student Life.
(1) Essential but not everything

• To much time given
• fail

B. Spirit of Sportsmanship

1. foul play by home team.
2. quarrels violence.

C. Conclusion

1. minor defects
2. keep busy a develop personality.

7. Read the passage given below and make notes:

Computers have become an integral part of our day to day life. It is very difficult to imagine our lives without computers. They are affecting every sphere of human life and bringing about many changes in Industry, Government, Education, Medicine, Scientific Research, Law and Social Services and even in arts like music and printing. The areas of applications of computers are confined only by limitations on human creativity and imagination.

Computers can no longer be termed as a mere invention they are a revolution. And the way we live now is an evidence of this revolution so much that it is hard to imagine a world without them. There is no area in the field of work, learning, play or leisure, that has remained untouched by computers Realising the importance of Computers Punjab Government has introduced Computer Education in a big way. Let us hope that a wind of change will blow in the tied of education in Punjab.

Notes:
Title : Computers in Day to Day Life

Main Points
A. Integral Part of Human Life

1. role is every sphere.
2. changes in industry
3. Education, art, source, medicine-no sphere untouched

B. Areas of application confined only by human limitation.

C. Computers-A Revolution.
(1) has become a revolution

• Punjab government encouraging
• Introduction of computer education in schools

D. Conclusion
Bright future-popularity.

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class English Book Solutions English Story Writing Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 8th Class English Story Writing

1. God Mercury and the Woodcutter
Or
Honesty is the Best Policy

Outline : Once a woodcutter — cutting a tree — axe fell into the water — God Mercury — golden axe — again dived — silver adxe — at last iron axe — woodcutter happy — god pleased — all the axes — Moral.

Story: Once there was a woodcutter. One day he was cutting a tree on the bank of a river. By chance, his axe fell into the water. He began to weep.

God Mercury came there. He asked him why he was weeping. The woodcutter told him his whole story. The god dived into the water. He brought out a golden axe. But the woodcutter said, “This is not mine.” The god dived again. This time he brought out a silver axe. But the woodcutter did not take that axe also. At last, the god brought out an iron axe. The woodcutter was happy to see it. He said, “This is my axe.” The god was pleased at his honesty. He gave him all the three axes.

Moral : Honesty is the best policy.

एक बार एक लकड़हारा था। एक दिन वह नदी के तट पर एक वृक्ष काट रहा था। अचानक उसकी कुल्हाड़ी पानी में गिर गई। वह रोने लगा।

जल देवता वहां आया। उसने लकड़हारे से पूछा कि वह क्यों रो रहा है। लकड़हारे ने उसे अपनी सारी कहानी सुनाई। देवता ने पानी में डुबकी लगाई। वह सोने की एक कुल्हाड़ी निकाल लाया। परन्तु लकड़हारे ने कहा, “यह मेरी नहीं है।” देवता ने एक बार फिर डुबकी लगाई। इस बार वह चांदी की कुल्हाड़ी निकाल लाया। परन्तु लकड़हारे ने यह कुल्हाड़ी भी नहीं ली। अन्त में जल-देवता लोहे की कुल्हाड़ी निकाल लाया। लकड़हारा इसे देखकर प्रसन्न हुआ। उसने कहा, “यह मेरी कुल्हाड़ी है।” देवता उसकी ईमानदारी पर प्रसन्न हुआ। उसने लकड़हारे को तीनों कुल्हाड़ियां दे दी। शिक्षा-ईमानदारी सबसे उत्तम नीति है।

Word – Meanings : Woodcutter = लकड़हारा, Axe = कुल्हाड़ी, Dived = डुबकी लगाई, Pleased = प्रसन्न हुआ।

2. Union is Strength
Or
United We Stand, Divided We Fall

Outline : An old farmer — his sons always quarrel — sends for them — gives them a bundle of sticks to break — sons unable to do so — asks them to untie the bundle — sticks broken one by one — Moral.

Story : Once there was an old farmer. He had four sons. They always quarrelled with one another. The farmer was very sad. He advised them not to quarrel but in vain.

One day, the farmer fell ill. His end was near. He thought of a plan. He called his sons. He gave them a bundle of sticks. He asked them to break it. But they failed to do so. Now the bundle was untied. The farmer asked his sons to break the sticks one by one. Each son broke the sticks easily. At this the father said, “Be united like the bundle. If you are united, none will harm you.” The sons learnt a lesson. They never quarrelled again.

Moral : Union is Strength.

एक बार एक वृद्ध किसान था। उसके चार पुत्र थे। वे सदा एक दूसरे के साथ झगड़ते रहते थे। किसान बड़ा दुखी था। उसने उन्हें झगड़ा न करने की शिक्षा दी, परन्तु व्यर्थ।

एक दिन किसान बीमार हो गया। उसका अन्त निकट था। उसे एक युक्ति सूझी। उसने अपने पुत्रों को बुलाया। उसने उन्हें लकड़ियों का एक गट्ठा दिया। उसने उन्हें इसको तोड़ने के लिए कहा। परन्तु वे इसे तोड़ न सके। अब गट्टे को खोल दिया गया। किसान ने अपने पुत्रों से कहा कि वे एक-एक लकड़ी को तोड़ें। प्रत्येक पुत्र ने लकड़ियों को आसानी से तोड़ दिया। इस पर पिता ने कहा, “लकड़ी के गट्टे की भांति इकट्ठे रहो। यदि इकट्ठे रहोगे, तो तुम्हें कोई हानि नहीं पहुंचा पायेगा।” पुत्रों ने इससे शिक्षा प्राप्त की। वे फिर कभी नहीं झगड़े। शिक्षा-एकता में बल है।

Word-Meanings : Quarrelled = झगड़ते थे, Sad = दुःखी, In vain = व्यर्थ, Fell ill = बीमार पड़ गया, End = अन्त, Plan = योजना, Untied = खोल दिया गया।

3. The Dove and the Bee
Or
Do Good, Have Good
Or
One Good Turn Deserves Another
Or
Kindness Never Goes Unrewarded Outline

A bee — falls into a stream — a dove sees — flies to a tree — plucks a leaf — drops it near the bee — the bee gets on to it and flies away — A hunter aims at the dove — the bee stings — the dove is saved — Moral.

Story : Once a bee felt thirsty. It went to the river. It began to drink water. By chance it fell into the water. Its life was in danger. A dove saw all this. She plucked a leaf. She dropped it near the bee. The bee got on to it. It dried its wings and flew away.

One day, the bee saw a hunter. He aimed at the dove. The bee flew to the hunter. It stung him hard on the hand. The gun fell down from his hands. The dove heard the noise. She flew away. She was thankful to the bee for its timely help.

Moral : Do good, have good.

एक बार एक मधुमक्खी को प्यास लगी। वह एक नदी पर गई। वह पानी पीने लगी। अचानक वह पानी में गिर गई। उसका जीवन खतरे में था। एक फ़ाख्ता ने यह सब कुछ देखा। उसने एक पत्ता तोड़ा। उसने इसे मधुमक्खी के पास गिरा दिया। मधुमक्खी उस पर चढ़ गई। उसने अपने पंख सुखाए और उड़ गई।

एक दिन मधुमक्खी ने एक शिकारी को देखा। वह फ़ाख्ता पर निशाना बांध रहा था। मधुमक्खी उड़कर शिकारी की ओर गई। उसने उसके हाथ पर ज़ोर से डंक मारा। बंदूक उसके हाथों से नीचे जा गिरी। फाख्ता ने शोर सुना। वह उड़ गई। वह सामयिक सहायता के लिए मधुमक्खी की आभारी थी।

शिक्षा-कर भला, हो भला।

Word-Meanings : Plucked = तोड़ा, Leaf = पत्ता, Threw = गिरा दिया, Wings = पंख, Hunter = शिकारी, Aimed at = निशाना बांधा, Stung = डंक मारा, Thankful = आभारी, Timely = समय पर।

4. The Hare and the Tortoise
Or
Pride Hath a Fall
Or
Slow and Steady Wins the Race

Outline : A hare laughs at slow tortoise — both agree to run a race – the hare runs fast — sleeps on the way — tortoise moves on slowly — wins — Moral.

Story : Once a hare lived in a jungle. A tortoise also lived there. They became friends. The hare was proud of his speed. He laughed at the tortoise for his slow speed. The tortoise could not bear this. He asked the hare to run a race. The hare at once agreed.

A goal was fixed. The race began. The hare ran fast. He looked back. There was no tortoise. So he thought of taking rest. He lay down under a tree. He fell fast asleep.

The tortoise walked slowly. He did not stop on the way. He passed by the sleeping hare. He reached the goal. The hare woke up at sunset. He ran fast. He found the tortoise already there. He felt very small.

Moral : Slow and steady wins the race.

एक बार एक जंगल में एक ख़रगोश रहता था। वहां एक कछुआ भी रहता था। वे मित्र बन गए। ख़रगोश को अपनी गति पर गर्व था। वह कछुए की धीमी गति के लिए उसका मज़ाक उड़ाता था। कछुआ इसे सहन न कर सका। उसने खरगोश को एक दौड़ लगाने के लिए कहा। ख़रगोश तुरन्त सहमत हो गया।

एक लक्ष्य स्थान निश्चित किया गया। दौड़ आरम्भ हुई। ख़रगोश तेज़ दौड़ा। उसने पीछे मुड़ कर देखा। कछुए का कहीं पता न था। इसलिए उसने विश्राम करने की सोची। वह एक वृक्ष के नीचे लेट गया। वह गहरी नींद सो गया।

कछुआ धीरे-धीरे चलता गया। वह रास्ते में नहीं रुका। वह सोए हुए ख़रगोश के पास से गुज़र गया। वह लक्ष्य स्थान पर पहुंच गया। खरगोश सूर्यास्त के समय जागा। वह तेज़ दौड़ा। उसने कछुए को पहले ही वहां पाया। वह बड़ा लज्जित हुआ। शिक्षा-सहज पके सो मीठा होय।

Word-Meanings : Tortoise = कछुआ, Small = तुच्छ, Bear = सहन करना, Agree = सहमत होना, Woke up = जागा, Sunset = सूर्यास्त।

5. The Hidden Treasure
Or
No Pains, No Gains

Outline : An old man — has four sons — lazy — father dying — sends for them — tells them of a treasure hidden in the field — dies — they dig the field – – no treasure – – wheat –good crop — Moral.

Story : Once there was a farmer. He had four sons. They were lazy. He advised them to work hard, but all in vain.

One day, the farmer fell ill. His end was near. He wanted to teach his sons a lesson. He called them to his bed-side. He said, “I have hidden a treasure in the field. You may dig it out after my death.”

The farmer died after a few days. The sons went to the field. They dug it deep. But there was no treasure. They were very sad. A wise man passed that way. He advised them to sow wheat. They did so. They had a good crop. They learnt a lesson. They began to work hard. They became very rich.”

Moral : No pains, no gains.

एक बार एक किसान था। उसके चार पुत्र थे। वे सुस्त थे। उसने उन्हें परिश्रम करने का उपदेश दिया, परन्तु सब व्यर्थ।

एक दिन किसान बीमार पड़ गया। उसका अन्त निकट था। वह अपने पुत्रों को शिक्षा देना चाहता था। उसने उन्हें अपनी रोग-शैय्या के समीप बुलाया। वह कहने लगा, “मैंने खेत में खज़ाना गाड़ रखा है। मेरी मृत्यु के पश्चात् तुम इसे खोद निकालना।”

किसान कुछ दिनों के बाद मर गया। पुत्र खेत में गये। उन्होंने इसे गहरा खोदा। परन्तु उनके हाथ खज़ाना न लगा। वे बड़े, दुःखी हुए। एक बुद्धिमान पुरुष वहां से गुज़रा। उसने उन्हें गेहूं बोने के लिए कहा। उन्होंने वैसा ही किया। उनकी अच्छी फसल हुई। उन्होंने शिक्षा ग्रहण कर ली। उन्होंने परिश्रम करना आरम्भ कर दिया। वे बहुत धनी बन गए।

शिक्षा-सेवा बिन मेवा नहीं।

Word-Meanings : Lazy = सुस्त, In vain = व्यर्थ, Hidden = छिपा हुआ, Treasure = खज़ाना, Dig = खोदना, Sow = बोना, Crop = फ़सल।

6. Two Friends And The Bear
Or
A Friend in Need is a Friend Indeed

Outline : Two friends — go to a fair — see a bear — one climbs up a tree — the other lies down — the bear smells him and goes away — the first friend asked what the bear said — Beware of a false friend — Moral.

Story : Ram and Sham were two friends. Ram was a true friend. But Sham was selfish. One day, they went to a fair. They passed through a jungle. They saw a bear. It was coming towards them. Both were afraid. Sham at once climbed up a tree. He did not care for Ram. Ram lay down on the ground. He held his breath. The bear came and smelt him. He took Ram for dead. So he went away. Sham came down. He went to Ram and said, “What did the bear say in your ear?” Ram replied, “The bear advised me to beware of a false friend.”

Moral : Beware of selfish friends. (Or) A friend in need is a friend indeed.

राम और शाम दो मित्र थे। राम एक सच्चा मित्र था। परन्तु शाम स्वार्थी था। एक दिन वे मेले में गये। वे एक जंगल में से गुजरे। उन्होंने एक रीछ देखा। वह उनकी ओर आ रहा था। दोनों डर गये। शाम तुरन्त एक वृक्ष पर चढ़ गया। उसने राम की परवाह नहीं की। राम भूमि पर लेट गया। उसने अपना सांस रोक लिया। रीछ ने आकर उसे सूंघा। उसने राम को मृत समझा। इसलिए वह वहां से चला गया। शाम नीचे उतरा। उसने राम के पास जाकर कहा, “रीछ ने तुम्हारे कान में क्या कहा ?” राम ने उत्तर दिया, “रीछ ने मुझे उपदेश दिया कि झूठे मित्र से सावधान रहो।”
शिक्षा-स्वार्थी मित्रों से सावधान.रहो अथवा मित्र वह जो विपत्ति में काम आये।

Word-Meanings : Selfish = स्वार्थी, Fair = मेला, Passed through = में से गुज़रे, Afraid = डरे हुए, Care for = परवाह करना, Lay down = लेट गया, Held = रोक लिया।

7. The Wolf and the Lamb
Or
Might is Right

Outline : A wolf drinking water at a river — sees a lamb drinking water lower down — wishes to eat it up — makes lame excuses — kills the lamb – – eats it up – – Moral..

Story : Once there was a wolf. He was very thirsty. He went to a river. He began to drink water. A lamb was also drinking water. The wolf saw it. His mouth watered. He wanted to eat it up. He thought of a plan. He said to the lamb, “Why are you making the water muddy ?” The lamb replied, “Sir, the water is flowing from you to me. How can I make it muddy ?”

The wolf was very cunning. He again said, “Why did you abuse me last year?” The lamb replied that it was not even born then. At this, the wolf said, “Then it must be your father. I must kill you.” Saying this he killed the lamb and ate it up.

Moral : Might is Right.

एक बार एक भेड़िया था। वह बहुत प्यासा था। वह एक नदी पर गया। वह पानी पीने लगा। एक मेमना भी वहां पानी पी रहा था। भेडिए ने उसे देखा। उसके मुंह में पानी भर आया। वह उसे खा जाना चाहता था। उसे एक योजना सूझी। वह मेमने से बोला, “तुम पानी गन्दला क्यों कर रहे हो ?” मेमने ने उत्तर दिया, “श्रीमान्, पानी आप की ओर से मेरी तरफ़ बह रहा है। मैं इसे कैसे गंदला कर सकता हूं ?”

भेड़िया बड़ा मक्कार था। वह पुनः बोला, “तुमने पिछले वर्ष मुझे गालियां क्यों दी थीं ?” मेमने ने उत्तर दिया कि वह तब पैदा भी नहीं हुआ था। इस पर भेड़िया बोला, “तब वह अवश्य ही तुम्हारा बाप होगा। मुझे तुम्हें अवश्य मार देना चाहिए।” ऐसा कहते हुए उसने मेमने को मार डाला और खा गया।

शिक्षा-जिसकी लाठी उसकी भैंस।

Word-Meaning : Lamb = मेमना, Muddy = गंदला, Cunning = मक्कार, Abuse = गाली देना, Replied = उत्तर दिया, Killed = मार डाला।

8. The Thirsty Crow
Or
Where There Is a Will, There Is a Way

Outline : A hot summer day — a thirsty crow — in search of water — sees a jug — puts small stones into the jug — water comes up — drinks it — flies away — Moral.

Story : Once there was a crow. He was very thirsty. He flew. here and there in search of water. But he did not find water anywhere. At last he reached a garden.

There he saw a jug of water. But the water was very low. His beak could not reach it. He saw some small stones near the jug. He thought of a plan. He picked them up one by one and put them into the jug. The water came up. He drank the water and flew away.

Moral : Where there is a will, there is a way.

एक बार एक कौआ था। वह बहुत प्यासा था। वह पानी की खोज में इधर-उधर उड़ता रहा। परन्तु उसे पानी कहीं भी न मिला। अन्त में वह एक बाग़ में पहुंचा।

वहां उसने पानी का एक जग देखा। परन्तु उसमें पानी बहुत कम था। उसकी चोंच पानी तक न पहुंच सकी। उसने जग के समीप कुछ छोटे-छोटे पत्थर देखे। उसे एक युक्ति सूझी। उसने एक-एक करके पत्थर उठाये और उन्हें जग में डाला। पानी ऊपर चढ़ आया। उसने पानी पिया और उड़ गया।

शिक्षा-जहां चाह, वहां राह।

Word-Meanings : In search of = की खोज में Low = नीचे, Beak = चोंच, Thought of a plan = युक्ति सूझी, Picked = उठाया।

9. The Tailor And The Elephant
Or
As You Sow, So Shall You Reap
Or
Tit For Tat Outline : An elephant — passes by a tailor’s shop — tailor angry — pricks a needle — fills trunk with dirty water — throws on clothes — Moral.

Story : Once there was a king. He had an elephant. The elephant was taken to a river daily. There was a tailor’s shop on the way. The tailor used to give the elephant something to eat. They became fast friends.

One day, the tailor was in a bad mood. The elephant came there as before. He put his trurik inside the window. The tailor pricked his trunk with a needle. The elephant got angry. But he went away.

He went to the river. After the bath he filled his trunk with dirty water. He came back. He threw the dirty water on the tailor’s new clothes. The tailor was very sad. But it was too late.

Moral : Tit for tat.

एक बार एक राजा था। उसके पास एक हाथी था। हाथी को प्रतिदिन नदी पर ले जाया जाता था। मार्ग में एक दर्जी की दुकान थी। दर्जी खाने की कुछ चीजें हाथी को दिया करता था। वे पक्के मित्र बन गये।

एक दिन दर्जी का मूड ठीक नहीं था। हाथी पहले की भांति वहां आया। उसने अपनी सूंड को खिड़की के अन्दर डाल दिया। दर्जी ने उसकी सूंड में सुई चुभो दी। हाथी को क्रोध आ गया। परन्तु वह चला गया।

वह नदी पर गया। नहाने के पश्चात् उसने अपनी सूंड में गन्दा पानी भर लिया। वह वापस आया। उसने गन्दे पानी को दर्जी के नये कपड़ों पर फेंक दिया। दर्जी बहुत दुःखी हुआ। परन्तु बहुत देर हो चुकी थी।

शिक्षा-जैसे को तैसा।

Word-Meanings : On the way = मार्ग में, Fast = पक्के, Trunk = सूंड, Pricked = चुभो दी, Filled = भर लिया, Sad = दुःखी।

10. The Vain Stag
Or
Pride Hath a Fall Outline : A stag drinking at a pool — admires his horns — hates his legs — hunter and bounds — stag runs fast — horns caught in a bush — stag caught — killed — Moral.

Story : Once there was a stag. He was drinking water at a pool. He saw his reflection in the water. He saw his horns. They looked beautiful. He was very happy. Then he looked at his legs. They were ugly. So he became very sad.

Just then, he saw some hounds. He ran away. He ran as fast as his legs could carry him. Soon his horns were caught in a bush. He tried to free them but in vain. The hounds caught him. They tore him to pieces. His ugly legs tried to save his life. But his beautiful horns brought about his death.

Moral : Pride hath a fall.
Or
All that glitters is not gold.

एक बार एक बारहसिंगा था। वह एक तालाब पर पानी पी रहा था। उसने पानी में अपनी परछाईं देखी। उसने अपने सींग देखे। वे सुन्दर लगते थे। वह बहुत प्रसन्न हो गया। तब उसने अपनी टांगें देखीं। वे कुरूप थीं। इसलिए वह बहुत उदास हो गया। ।

उसी समय, उसने कुछ शिकारी कुत्ते देखे। वह भाग गया। वह इतना तेज़ दौड़ा जितना उसकी टांगें उसे ले जा सकती थीं। शीघ्र ही उसके सींग एक झाड़ी में उलझ गए। उसने उन्हें छुड़ाने का प्रयास किया परन्तु व्यर्थ। शिकारी कुत्तों ने उसे पकड़ लिया। उन्होंने उसके टुकड़े-टुकड़े कर डाले। उसकी कुरूप टांगों ने उसके प्राण बचाने का प्रयास किया। परन्तु उसके सुन्दर सींग उसकी मौत का कारण बन गये।

शिक्षा-अभिमान का सिर नीचा।
अथवा
हाथी के दांत खाने के और दिखाने के और।

Word Meanings : Stag = बारहसिंगा, Pool = तालाब, Reflection = परछाईं, Horns = सींग, Ugly = भद्दी, Hounds = शिकारी कुत्ते, Save = बचाना।

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class English Book Solutions English Composition Explaining Newspaper Headlines Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 8th Class English Composition Explaining Newspaper Headlines

1. 10 Killed in a Hosiery Godown Fire.
Explanation – A fire broke out in a Hosiery Godown in Ludhiana last night. 10 people were killed.

2. 14 Girls Killed in a Bus Collision.
Explanation – A school bus collided against a truck yesterday. 14 girls were killed on the spot.

3. Residents Get I – Cards Full of Errors.
Explanation – I – cards issued to the residents of Rajiv colony are full of errors.

4. RM. Leaves for Moscow.
Explanation – The Prime Minister has left for Moscow.

5. Earthquake Rocks Village in H.P. Hundreds Killed.
Explanation – An earthquake rocked a village in Himachal Pradesh. Hundreds of people were killed in it.

6. Hero Cycle Strike : Deadlock Continues.
Explanation – The deadlock between the Management and the striking workers of the Hero Cycle Factory continues.

7. Cell Phones at Cheaper Rates.
Explanation – Nokia Mobiles has introduced a range of mobiles at cheaper rates.

8. Mahila Wing Demands 14 Seats.
Explanation – The Mahila Wing of Punjab is demanding 14 seats in the State Assembly.

9. People Educated on Road Safety.
Explanation – The traffic police educated about two thousand people on road safety during the Road Safety Week.

10. Indo – Pak Ties Ahead to be Improved.
Explanation – Mr. Singh has said that Indo-Pak ties need to be improved for peace in South Asia.

11. Six Held for Stealing Vehicles.
Explanation – The Punjab police have held six persons in Khanna for stealing vehicles.

12. Officer Held for Cheating Finance Companies.
Explanation – The police have held an officer of the Forest Department for cheating various finance companies.

13. Jawans Escape Avalanche.
Explanation – Around 40 Jawans had a narrow escape when a fresh avalanche struck the Jawahar tunnel.

14. Kidnapped Boy Found Dead.
Explanation – Abhi Verma, a 16-year old boy of Hoshiarpur was found dead. His dead body was lying in a field.

15. Landslides Block J & K Highway Again.
Explanation – Fresh landslides forced the closure of the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway again on Monday.

16. New Grades for School Teachers.
Explanation – The school teachers in the state have been given new grades.

17. Australia Beat India in the Opening Match.
Explanation – Australia defeated India in the opening match between the two countries.

18. Terrorists Strike CRPF Camp in Jammu-Two Jawans Killed.
Explanation – In a terrorist attack on a CRPF camp in Jammu, two jawans were killed.

19. Bullion (gold or silver) Rises Further.
Explanation – The gold/silver prices in the market have registered an increase.

20. Husband, In – laws Booked in Dowry Case.
Explanation – In a dowry case filed by a woman, her husband and in-laws have been arrested.

21. Modi Calls For Reforms in Education.
Explanation – Prime Minister Narendra Modi has expressed the view that the education system needs to be reformed.

22. Suicide Bid Foiled by People.
Explanation – Some people foiled an attempt by a person to end his life.

23. Taj Visit in Moonlight to be Cosdier.
Explanation – Watching the Taj in moonlight is going to be costlier.

24. Film Stars Come Forward for Tsunami Victims.
Explanation – Amitabh Bachan and his party walked the ramp in Chandigarh to raise funds for Tsunami victims.

25. Held for Smoking at the Railway Station.
Explanation – The Railway Police Force held 8 people, who were found smoking at Amritsar Railway Station.

26. Sania Creates History.
Explanation – Sania Mirza created history by winning the Hyderabad open on Saturday

27. Sachin Hits Hundred.
Explanation – Sachin hit an unbeaten century

28. Harbhajan’s Hat-trick helps India Win.
Explanation – Harbhajan Singh took three wickets on the last three balls of the match against Australia. India won the match.

29. Militants Killed in J & K.
Explanation – Three militants were killed in an encounter in Poonch district on Sunday night.

30. 12 Caught Copying.
Explanation – 12 students were caught copying on the first day of the Senior Secondary examination.

31. Railway Fare Remains Untouched.
Explanation – There is no increase in the railway fare in the budget presented by the Finance Minister.

32. Man Gets RI for Throwing a Boy out of Train.
Explanation – The man who threw a school boy out of the train last year has got RI for five years.

33. Party Workers Shine Shoes to Collect Relief Fund.
Explanation – Workers of the A.B. Party shone shoes on the footpath to collect relief fund for Tsunami victims.

34. In – laws Held in Dowry Case.
Explanation – In – laws of a newly wedded girl were held for demanding more dowry.

35. Army Man Saves 11 From Tsunami Waves.
Explanation – An army man has saved 11 people from being washed away by Tsunami waves.

36. Youth Shoots Dead His Uncle.
Explanation – A youth in Apra has shot his uncle dead in a property dispute.

37. Govt. Abolishes 300 Posts of Clerks.
Explanation – Thd Govt, has abolished 300 posts of clerks on account of financial crisis.

38. Aid Not Reaching Earthquake Hit People.
Explanation – Aid is not reaching the earthquake hit people in Gujarat due to the strike of the truck owners.

39. Prime Minister for Research on Quake Prediction.
Explanation – The Prime Minister has urged the scientists of the country to develop a quake prediction system.

40. The Party Leader Asks Voters to Give his Party a Chance.
Explanation – The leader of the X party has asked the voters to give his party a chance for all-round development of the state.

41. COVID – 19 (Corona) Spreads havoc.
Explanation – COVID-19 has spread havoc in the world. Lakhs of poeple have died.

42. P.M. declares Lockdown.
Explanation – As a safety measure from COVID-19, P.M. has declared Lockdown for 14 days and asked people to stay at home.

43. Government Fill 300 Posts of Teachers.
Explanation – The Punjab Government has filled 300 posts of teachers lying vacant.

44. Tsunami Hits Japan.
Explanation – A very high Tsunami hit the sea coast of Japan near Honshu Island. There was a great loss of life.

45. Senior Party Member Quits.
Explanation – Mr. Brar a senior most Akali leader quit the party in his protest against party policies.

46. Husband gets RI in Dowry Case.
Explanation – The husband got 10 years RI for beating his wife mercilessly and throwing her out of the house for not meeting his demands of dowry.

47. Defence Minister Reaches Moscow.
Explanation – Defence Minister reached Moscow on Monday night. A deal on aircraft will be struck.

48. 14 year old claims to have cured COVID.
Explanation – A lad of 14 year infected by COVID-19 last week claims to have been fully cured.

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class English Book Solutions English Notice Writing Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 8th Class English Notice Writing

नोटिस (Notice) किसी घटित होने वाली या घटित हो चुकी घटना के बारे में सूचना होती है। इसके द्वारा किसी आदेश, प्रार्थना अथवा चेतावनी पर अमल करने की सूचना दी जाती है।

याद रखने योग्य बातें-

1. नोटिस की भाषा उद्देश्यपूरक होनी चाहिए। इसमें निजीपन नहीं होना चाहिए।
2. दी जाने वाली सूचना पूर्ण होनी चाहिए।
3. इसका प्रस्तुतीकरण संक्षिप्त और स्पष्ट होना चाहिए। नोटिस का उद्देश्य भी स्पष्ट हो।
4. जहां तक हो सके नोटिस में “I’ तथा ‘You’ के प्रयोग से बचें।
5. नोटिस लिखे जाने की तिथि का उल्लेख अवश्य करें।
6. विषय-वस्तु से सम्बन्धित स्थान, समय तथा कार्यक्रम आदि की स्पष्ट जानकारी दें।
7. नोटिस जारी करने वाले व्यक्ति के पद का नाम तथा उसके हस्ताक्षर भी नोटिस में होने चाहिएं।
8. नोटिस दी गई शब्द-सीमा में ही लिखना चाहिए।

Format of a Notice

Notice

Date

Heading / Title
Content

Signatory

Important Notices

1. Notice About Something Found
You have found a purse lying in one of the lawns of your school. Write a notice asking the owner of the purse to contact you.

NOTICE

March 7, 20…..
FOUND ! FOUND ! FOUND!

This is to inform all the students that a purse has been found lying in one of the i school lawns. It is a black leather purse containing some money. The owner should contact the undersigned.

Gulshan Rai
Roll No. 10, VIII A

2. Notice About a Tour
Your school is organising a tour to Delhi and Agra. You are the secretary of Tour Organising Committee. Draft a notice asking the students to give you their names.

NOTICE
JOINING A HISTORICAL TOUR

March 8, 20……

Our school is organising a historical tour to Delhi and Agra. The duration of the tour is six days starting on March 12. Those interested should give their names to the undersigned latest by March 10.

Mohan Lai
(Secretary Tour Organising Committee)

3. Notice About Paper Reading Contest
You are the incharge of Junior Humanities Forum of your school. The Forum is organising a Paper Reading Contest. Draft a notice inviting the participants to give you their names.

NOTICE
PAPER READING CONTEST

March 9, 20….

The Junior Humanities Forum of the school is organising a Paper Reading Contest on March 16 in the school hall. Students of class VI to VIII are eligible to participate. Those interested should give their names to the undersigned before March 12.

Raman
Secretary
(Junior Humanities Forum)

4. Notice for a School Function
You are Shashi Mehta, the Sports Secretary of your school. Your school is organising the Annual Sports meet next week. Write a notice in about 50 words to be put on the school notice board to this effect.

NOTICE
ANNUAL SPORTS MEET

January 15, 20….

The Annual Sports meet of the school is going to be held on 28th and 29th of this month. Students who wish to take part in any event should give their names to the undersigned by 24th of this month positively.

Shashi Mehta
(Sports Secretary)

5. Notice for a Lost Wrist Watch
You have lost a wrist watch in your school. Write a notice about the loss giving the particulars of the watch. Also announce a reward for the finder.

NOTICE
LOST ! LOST ! LOST !

April 10, 20….

This is to inform all students that I lost my wrist watch yesterday in the school during the recess period. It is an H.M.T. watch with a golden case and a golden chain. He/She who happens to find it should contact the undersigned immediately. He (She) will be suitably rewarded.

Aastha Jindal.
R. No. 2, VIII D

6. Notice about a Lost Pen
You have lost your pen somewhere in your school. Write a notice about it.

NOTICE
LOST ! LOST ! LOST !

12 March, 20 …….
A new gel pen has been lost somewhere in the school ground. The pen is of Reynold make with blue colour. The finder is requested to return it to the undersigned or deposit it with the school office.

Kulbir Singh
Roll No. 2
VIII B

7. Books for Sale
Ashok Mathur of Class VIII A has just passed his annual examination. Two of his books are in fairly good condition and he wants to sell them at reduced prices. He puts up a notice on the school notice-board giving all the necessary details. Write this notice in the space below, using not more than 50 words.

NOTICE
BOOKS FOR SALE

March 22, 20

Two VIII Class books fairly in good condition are for sale. The books and their reduced prices are given below :
1. History of India Rs. 50/- only
2. General Science Rs. 60/- only
Those who are interested should contact Ashok Mathur, Class IX A

8. Taking Part in Debate
K.C. Sharma, Senior English teacher, invites applications from the students of VIII class who want to take part in debate to be held at Ludhiana. March 15 is the last date for the applications to reach the undersigned. In this connection, he puts up a notice on the school notice-board. Write this notice in about 40 words.

NOTICE
TAKING PART IN DEBATE

March 10, 20 ………..

Applications are invited from the students of class IX who want to take part in the debate to be held at Ludhiana. The students should apply before 15th March, giving details of their proficiency.
Sd/
K.C. Sharma
Senior English Teacher

9. Shoes From School Red Cross Fund
Anil Kumar Sharma, the school Red Cross teacher, invites applications from the poor students who want to take shoes from the Red Cross. In this connection, he puts up a notice on, the school notice-board. Write this notice in not more than 30 words.

NOTICE
SHOES FROM SCHOOL RED-CROSS FUND

March 2, 20….

Applications are invited from the poor students who want to take shoes from the Red Cross. All applications should reach the undersigned by 15th March.

Anil Kumar Sharma
Red Cross Teacher

10. Selection to the Volleyball Team
Mohan Singh has been selected the captain of the School Volleyball Team. He is to invite applications from the students of class IX for selection to the Volleyball team. So he puts up a notice on the school notice-board in this connection. Write this notice in about 40 words.

NOTICE
SELECTION TO THE VOLLEYBALL TEAM

Applications are invited from the students of class IX for selection to the Volley-ball team. Apply before 15th September, giving details of your proficiency in the game.

Mohan Singh
Captain Volleyball Team

11. Free Yoga Classes
You are the PTI of your school. Write a notice asking the students to enrol for free yoga classes.

NOTICE
FREE YOGA CLASSES

2 April, 20

Attention !
Students interested in attending free yoga classes from 10th April every morning from 6 a.m. to 7 a.m. should contact the undersigned before 7th April.

B.S. Bedi
PTI

12. Notice for returning Library Books
You are the librarian of your school. Write a notice asking the students to return borrowed books before the school closes down for the summer vacation.

NOTICE

May 10, 20……..

ATTENTION !
The school breaks up for the summer vacation next week. All the students who have borrowed any book from the library must return it before the school breaks up for the vacation.

Raman Kumar
Librarian

13. Notice for a Lost Item
You are Kulbir Singh of Class VIII. You have lost your new water bottle. Write the notice that you would like to put up on the school notice-board.

NOTICE
LOST ! LOST ! LOST !

12 March, 20
A new water botde has been lost somewhere in the school garden. The bottle is of Eagle make with blue colour. The finder is requested to return it to the undersigned or deposit it with the school office.

Kulbir Singh
Roll No. 2
VIII B

14. Notice for Blood Donation
You are the Sarpanch of your village. Write a notice inviting adults to donate blood at the blood donation camp to be held at the community centre.

NOTICE
BLOOD DONATION CAMP

The village Panchayat is going to organise a blood donation camp in the community centre on 8th April from 9 a.m. All the adults of the village should come forward and donate blood to save lives of accident victims.

Balwant Singh
Village Sarpanch

15. Notice for a Misplaced Library Book
You have misplaced a library book ‘Panchtantra Tales’. Write a notice that you would like to put up in the classroom.

NOTICE
BOOK MISPLACED

March 10, 20…. .

The book ‘Panchtantra Tales’ has been misplaced somewhere in the classroom. It was borrowed from the library yesterday. The finder is requested to return it to the undersigned or hand it over to the class teacher.

Rajni
Roll No. 5
VIIIA

16. Notice for Sports Participants
You are the sports captain of your school. Write a notice to all participants to submit their names and event in which they are taking part.

NOTICE
ATTENTION ! SPORTS PARTICIPANTS

March 10, 20….

All the participants who are interested to take part in the school sports are requested to give their names to the undersigned before Sunday, the 6th May. They must mention the event they are taking part in.

Raman Kumar
(Sports Captain)

17. Help for Tsunami Victims
You are the Head Boy/Girl of your school. Draft a notice requesting the students to come forward to help the tsunami victims.

NOTICE
HELPING TSUNAMI VICTIMS

March 18, 20
This is to inform all the students of the school that our school is raising a fund to help the tsunami victims. All should come forward with open heart and contribute to the fund as much as possible. Deposit the money with the respective class teachers.

Sham/Suman
Head Boy/Girl

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class English Book Solutions English Role Play Writing Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 8th Class English Role Play Writing

1. Imagine your father is ill. You went to the hospital to get medicine for him and you got late for school. The headmaster asked you the reason for being late. You will play the role of the student and your friend of the headmaster. The beginning of the conversation is given. You will start with the given conversation.

1. Headmaster : Why are you late today ?
Student : I had gone to the hospital, sir.
2. Headmaster : ………………….
Student : ………………….
3. Headmaster : ………………….
Student : ………………….
4. Headmaster : ………………….
Student : ………………….
5. Headmaster : ………………….
Student : ………………….
6. Headmaster : ………………….
Student : ………………….
Answer:
2. Headmaster : Why did you go to the hospital ?
Student : I had gone to get medicine for my father.
3. Headmaster : How long had you to wait for your turn ?
Student : I had to wait there for one hour for my turn.
4. Headmaster : How is your father now ?
Student : He is improving, sir.
5. Headmaster : Who is looking after him now ?
Student : My mother is looking after him now.
6. Headmaster : How do you come to school ?
Student : I come to school on foot.

2. Imagine you are a football player. Your team won a football match yesterday. Your father wants to know about the match. You will play the role of son and the father. The beginning of the conversation is given.

1. Father : Did you play the match yesterday ?
Son : Yes, I played the match yesterday.
2. Father : ………………….
Son : ………………….
3. Father : ………………….
Son : ………………….
4. Father : ………………….
Son : ………………….
5. Father : ………………….
Son : ………………….
6. Father : ………………….
Son : ………………….
Answer:
2. Father : Where was the match played ?
Son : It was played on our school ground.
3. Father : Which team was stronger ?
Son : Both the teams were equally strong.
4. Father : Which team scored the first goal ?
Son : Our team scored the first goal.
5. Father : How many goals were scored ?
Son : Two goals were scored.
6. Father : Did you score any goal ?
Son : Yes, I scored one goal.

3. Suppose a friend (Ramesh) of yours wants to know about your school library. You will play the role of you and Ramesh. The beginning of the conversation is given. You will start with the given conversation.

1. Ramesh : Has your school a big library ?
You : Yes, our school has a big library.
2. Ramesh : ………………….
You : ………………….
3. Ramesh : ………………….
You : ………………….
4. Ramesh : ………………….
You : ………………….
5. Ramesh : ………………….
You : ………………….
6. Ramesh : ………………….
You : ………………….
7. Ramesh : ………………….
You : ………………….
8. Ramesh : ………………….
You : ………………….
9. Ramesh : ………………….
You : ………………….
10. Ramesh : ………………….
You : ………………….
Answer:
2. Ramesh : How many sections has it ?
You : It has three sections—Punjabi, Hindi and English.
3. Ramesh : Who is its incharge ?
You : Mr. Hari Singh is its incharge.
4. Ramesh : How many almirahs are there in the library ?
You : There are fifteen big steel almirahs in the library.
5. Ramesh : How many books are there in the library ?
You : There are more than six thousand books in the library.
6. Ramesh : Are there novels and story books in it ? ‘
You : Yes, there are many novels and story books in it.
7. Ramesh : Has your library any books on general knowledge ?
You : Yes, our library has general knowledge books too.
8. Ramesh : Are there chairs and tables in the library ?
You : Yes, there are chairs and tables in our library.
9. Ramesh : How often does your class go to the library ?
You : Our class goes twice a week to the library.
10. Ramesh : How many books can you take out at a time ?
You : We can take out only one book at a time.

4. You gave some clothes for dry cleaning. Your suit was spoiled. You went to the dry cleaner and made the complaint. Now you will play the role of yourself and dry cleaner. The beginning of the conversation is given. You will start with the given conversation.

1. Dry Cleaner : Do you want to get your suit dry cleaned ?
You : No, I have come to complain about my suit.
2. Dry Cleaner : ………………….
You : ………………….
3. Dry Cleaner : ………………….
You : ………………….
4. Dry Cleaner : ………………….
You : ………………….
5. Dry Cleaner : ………………….
You : ………………….
6. Dry Cleaner : ………………….
You : ………………….
7. Dry Cleaner : ………………….
You : ………………….
8. Dry Cleaner : ………………….
You : ………………….
9. Dry Cleaner : ………………….
You : ………………….
10. Dry Cleaner : ………………….
You : ………………….
Answer:
2. Dry Cleaner : Whom did you give your suit for dry cleaning ?
You : I gave my suit to your servant for dry cleaning.
3. Dry Cleaner : What has gone wrong with your suit ?
You : It has been completely spoiled.
4. Dry Cleaner : When did you buy it ?
You : I bought it last month.
5. Dry Cleaner : How much did you spend on it ?
You : I spent one thousand rupees on it.
6. Dry Cleaner : What can I do to make up your loss ?
You : You should pay me seven hundred rupees.
7. Dry Cleaner : Who is responsible for this damage ?
You : You alone are responsible for this damage.
8. Dry Cleaner : Why should I pay you for this damage ?
You : ‘Because you are the owner of this shop.
9. Dry Cleaner : Can you wait for a few days ?
You : No, I want it immediately.
10. Dry Cleaner : What will you do if I do not pay the money ?
You : If you do not pay the money, I will go to the police station.

5. Imagine you have returned from Delhi after visiting your uncle. Your father asks you a few questions in connection with your visit. Now you will play the role of you and your father. Start you conversation as:

1. Father : Why did you not come back yesterday ?
You : Uncle did not allow me to come yesterday.
2. Father : ………………….
You : ………………….
3. Father : ………………….
You : ………………….
4. Father : ………………….
You : ………………….
5. Father : ………………….
You : ………………….
6. Father : ………………….
You : ………………….
7. Father : ………………….
You : ………………….
Answer:
2. Father : Why did he not allow you ?
You : He is not keeping good health.
3. Father : What is wrong with him ?
You : He is having high blood pressure.
4. Father : Did you request him to visit us ?
You : Yes, I requested him to visit us some time.
5. Father : Did he promise to come to Chandigarh ?
You : Yes, he promised to come to Chandigarh in June.
6. Father : Did you visit any important place in Delhi ?
You : Yes, I visited many places such as Qutab Minar, Red Fort, Appu Ghar, etc.
7. Father : Did you enjoy your visit ?
You : Yes, I enjoyed it very much.

6. Suppose you learn that your friend (Arun) has been involved in an accident and is in the hospital. You go to the hospital and meet his father. Now play the role of yourself and his father. The beginning of the conversation is given. You will start with the given conversation.

1. You : Where is Arun, my friend ?
His Father : He is in the operation theatre.
2. You : ………………….
His Father : ………………….
3. You : ………………….
His Father : ………………….
4. You : ………………….
His Father : ………………….
5. You : ………………….
His Father : ………………….
6. You : ………………….
His Father : ………………….
7. You : ………………….
His Father : ………………….
Answer:
You : What has happened to him ?
His Father : He has a fracture in his left arm.
You : How did all this happen ?
His Father : His scooter was hit by a bus.
You : Was he alone ?
His Father : No, his sister was with him.
You : Is the girl safe ?
His Father : Thank God, she did not receive any injury.
You : Where did the accident occur ?
His Father : It occurred near the Rose Garden.
You : Do you need any kind of help from me ?
His Father : No, thank you. You should only pray for his early recovery.

7. Suppose somebody has stolen your hundred rupees. You go to the Principal of your school to complain. You will play the role of student and the Principal. The beginning of the conversation is given. You will start with the given conversation.

1. Principal : What brings you here ?
Student : Sir, I have come with a problem.
2. Principal : ………………….
Student : ………………….
3. Principal : ………………….
Student : ………………….
4. Principal : ………………….
Student : ………………….
5. Principal : ………………….
Yudent : ………………….
6. Principal : ………………….
Student : ………………….
7. Principal : ………………….
Student : ………………….
Answer:
2. Principal : What is your problem ?
Student : Sir, somebody has stolen my hundred rupees.
3. Principal : Where had you kept it ?
Student : I had kept it in my bag in a book, sir.
4. Principal : Where had you put your bag ?
Student : It was lying in the classroom.
5. Principal : Where had the boys of your class gone ?
Student : All the boys had gone to the ground for P.T.
6. Principal : Did you ask anybody about it ?
Student : Yes sir, I asked a number of my class-fellows.
7. Principal : Have you notified it on the notice-board ?
Student : Not yet sir, but I will put it lip on the notice-board.

8. Suppose you visit your cousin and ask him about his hobby. You will play the role of yourself and cousin. The beginning of the conversation is given. You will start with the given conversation.

1. You : What is your hobby ?
Cousin : Gardening is my hobby.
2. You : ………………….
Cousin : ………………….
3. You : ………………….
Cousin : ………………….
4. You : ………………….
Cousin : ………………….
5. You : ………………….
Cousin : ………………….
6. You : ………………….
Cousin : ………………….
7. You : ………………….
Cousin : ………………….
8. You : ………………….
Cousin : ………………….
9. You : ………………….
Cousin : ………………….
10. You : ………………….
Cousin : ………………….
Answer:
2. You : When do you work in your garden ?
Cousin : I work in my garden after the school time.
3. You : Do you apply manure to the plants ?
Cousin : Yes, I apply manure to the plants.
4. You : What have you grown there ?
Cousin : I have grown roses, pansy and petunia flowers there.
3. You : Do you have any fruit trees there ?
Cousin : Yes, I have some fruit trees there.
6. You : When do you cut the grass of the lawn ?
Cousin : I cut the grass of the lawn on Saturday.
7. You : Where do you bring the plants from ?
Cousin : I bring the plants from Green Nursery.
8. You : Do you have any vine there ?
Cousin : Yes, I have a vine of grapes there.
9. You : When do you take part in a Flower Show ?
Cousin : I take part in a Flower Show in the month of March.
10. You : When can I come to see your garden ?
Cousin : You can come to see my garden on any holiday.

9. Suppose you went to Rose Garden for a picnic. Your younger brother who could not go with you asks you about it. Two boys shall play the role of elder brother and younger brother.The beginning of the conversation is given. You will start with the given conversation.

1. Younger Brother : Where did you go for a picnic ?
Elder Brother : We went to the Rose Garden.
2. Younger Brother : ………………….
Elder Brother : ………………….
3. Younger Brother : ………………….
Elder Brother : ………………….
4. Younger Brother : ………………….
Elder Brother : ………………….
5. Younger Brother : …………………..
Elder Brother : ………………….
6. Younger Brother : ………………….
Elder Brother : ………………….
7. Younger Brother : ………………….
Elder Brother : ………………….
8. Younger Brother : ………………….
Elder Brother : ………………….
9. Younger Brother : ………………….
Elder Brother : ………………….
10. Younger Brother : ………………….
Elder Brother : ………………….
Answer:
2. Younger Brother : How many friends were you ?
Elder Brother : We were a party of ten friends.
3. Younger Brother : How did you go there ?
Elder Brother : We went there on bicycles.
4. Younger Brother : What did you take with you ?
Elder Brother : We took with us a camera, a transistor, a pack of cards, a stove, some milk, tea and sugar.
5. Younger Brother : YHow much time did you take to reach Rose Garden ?
Elder Brother : It took us an hour to reach Rose Garden.
6. Younger Brother : Where did you see children playing merrily ?
Elder Brother : We saw children playing merrily in the garden.
7. Younger Brother : How did you feel there ?
Elder Brother : We felt very happy there.
8. Younger Brother : Where did you sit ?
Elder Brother : We sat on a mat under a shady tree.
9. Younger Brother : What did you do there ?
Elder Brother : We played cards, took snaps, listened to songs and took tea there.
10. Younger Brother : Did you enjoy yourselves ?
Elder Brother : Yes, we really enjoyed ourselves.

10. Suppose Ram has just come out of the Examination Hall after finishing his paper. Another examinee named Sham has also come out. You will play the role of Ram and Sham. Now start your conversation.

1. Ram : How have you done your paper ?
Sham : I have done my paper well.
2. Ram : ………………….
Sham : ………………….
3. Ram : ………………….
Sham : ………………….
4. Ram : ………………….
Sham : ………………….
3. Ram : ………………….
Sham : ………………….
6. Ram : ………………….
Sham : ………………….
7. Ram : ………………….
Sham : ………………….
8. Ram : ………………….
Sham : ………………….
9. Ram : ………………….
Sham : ………………….
10. Ram : ………………….
Sham : ………………….
Answer:
2. Ram : Is the paper easy ?
Sham : It is not so easy.
3. Ram : Which question is difficult ? ‘
Sham : Question No. IV is rather difficult.
4. Ram : What do you think about the answer to this question ?
Sham : I think my answer to this question is also to the point.
5. Ram : From which chapter is the question set ?
Sham : The question is set from Chapter II of the book.
6. Ram : How do you find the question on ‘Fill in the blanks’ ?
Sham : The question on ‘Fill in the blanks’ is confusing.
7. Ram : What do you think about these two questions ?
Sham : These two questions are out of the course, prescribed.
8. Ram : How did you answer these questions ?
Sham : I gave rather poor answers to these questions.
9. Ram : How do you feel on the whole ?
Sham : On the whole I am satisfied with the answers I gave.
10. Ram : How many marks do you hope to get in this paper ?
Sham : I hope to get only 40 per cent marks in this paper.

11. Your friend bought a mobile phone. The mobile phone is not working properly. Now play the role of friend and shop owner. Write the conversation in a dialogue format.

1. Shop owner : Good morning, Sir.
Friend : Good’morning Sir.
2. Shop owner : ………………….
Friend : ………………….
3. Shop owner : ………………….
Friend : ………………….
4. Shop owner : ………………….
Friend : ………………….
5. Shop owner : ………………….
Friend : ………………….
Answer:
2. Shop owner : How can I help you ?
Friend : Sir, the mobile phone I bought yesterday from your shop is not working correctly.
3. Shop owner : Oh ! Please explain your problem in detail.
Friend : It is giving a lot of trouble. There is no ring tones on it. The sound/music/ audio quality is not good either.
4. Shop owner-: OK. Let me check it. Oh ! you are right. Tell me, what to do ?
Friend : It is of no use to me.
5. Shop owner : I understand.
Friend : Please take it back and refund my money.

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 2 Linear Equations in One Variable Ex 2.6 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 2 Linear Equations in One Variable Ex 2.6

Solve the following equations.

Question 1.
\(\frac{8 x-3}{3 x}=2\)
Solution:
\(\frac{8 x-3}{3 x}=2\)
∴ 3x\(\left(\frac{8 x-3}{3 x}\right)\) = 3x (2) (Multiplying both the sides by 3x)
∴ 8x – 3 = 6x
∴ 8x – 6x = 3 [Transposing 6x to LHS and (-3) to RHS]
∴ 2x = 3
∴ \(\frac{2 x}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\) (Dividing both the sides by 2)
∴ x = \(\frac {3}{2}\)

Question 2.
\(\frac{9 x}{7-6 x}=15\)
Solution:
\(\frac{9 x}{7-6 x}=15\)
∴ 9x = 15 (7 – 6x) (Cross multiplication)
∴ 9x = 105 – 90x
∴ 9x + 90x = 105 [Transposing (- 90x) to LHS]
∴ 99x = 105
∴ \(\frac{99 x}{99}=\frac{105}{99}\)(Dividing both the sides by 99)
∴ x = \(\frac {35}{33}\)

Question 3.
\(\frac{z}{z+15}=\frac{4}{9}\)
Solution:
\(\frac{z}{z+15}=\frac{4}{9}\)
∴ z(9) = 4(z + 15) (Cross multiplication)
∴ 9z = 4z + 60
∴ 9z – 4z = 60 (Transposing 4z to LHS)
∴ 5z = 60
∴ \(\frac{5 z}{5}=\frac{60}{5}\) (Dividing both the sides by 5)
∴ z = 12

Question 4.
\(\frac{3 y+4}{2-6 y}=\frac{-2}{5}\)
Solution:
\(\frac{3 y+4}{2-6 y}=\frac{-2}{5}\)
∴ 5(3y + 4) = -2(2 – 6y) (Cross multiplication)
∴ 15y + 20 = -4 + 12y
∴ 15y – 12y = – 4 – 20 (Transposing 12y to LHS and 20 to RHS)
∴ 3y = -24
∴ \(\frac{3 y}{3}=\frac{-24}{3}\) (Dividing both the sides by 3)
∴ y = (-8)

Question 5.
\(\frac{7 y+4}{y+2}=\frac{-4}{3}\)
Solution:
\(\frac{7 y+4}{y+2}=\frac{-4}{3}\)
∴ 3(7y + 4) = -4(y + 2) (Cross multiplication)
∴ 21y + 12 = – 4y – 8
∴ 21y + 4y = – 8 – 12 (Transposing -4y to LHS and 12 to RHS)
∴ 25y = -20
∴ \(\frac{25 y}{25}=\frac{-20}{25}\) (Dividing both the sides by 25)
∴ y = \(\frac {-4}{5}\)

Question 6.
The ages of Hari and Harry are in the ratio 5:7. Four years from now the ratio of their ages will be 3:4. Find their present ages.
Solution:
Age of Hari : Age of Harry
= 5 : 7
Let the present age of Hari be 5x years.
Then, the present age of Harry = 7x years.
After 4 years their ages :
Hari = (5x + 4) years
Harry = (7x + 4) years
∴ (5x + 4) : (7x + 4) = 3 : 4
∴ \(\frac{5 x+4}{7 x+4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
∴ 4(5x + 4) = 3(7x + 4) (Cross multiplication)
∴ 20x + 16 = 21x + 12
∴ 20x – 21x = 12 – 16 (Transposing 21x to LHS and 16 to RHS)
∴ -x = – 4
∴ x = 4 [Multiplying both the sides by (- 1)]
∴ Hari’s present age = 5x = 5 × 4
= 20 years
∴ Harry’s present age = 7x = 7 × 4
= 28 years
Thus, Hari’s present age is 20 years and Harry’s present age is 28 years.

Question 7.
The denominator of a rational number is greater than its numerator by 8. If the numerator is increased by 17 and the denominator is decreased by 1, the number obtained is \(\frac {3}{2}\). Find the rational number.
Solution:
Let the numerator be x.
Denominator (8 more than numerator) = x + 8
New numerator = x + 17
(After adding 17)
New denominator = x + 8 – 1
= x + 7
(After decreasing 1)
But new number = \(\frac{x+17}{x+7}\)
But this rational number is \(\frac {3}{2}\)
\(\frac{x+17}{x+7}=\frac{3}{2}\)
∴ 2(x + 17) = 3(x + 7) (Cross multiplication)
∴ 2x + 34 = 3x + 21
∴ 2x – 3x = 21 – 34 (Transposing 3x to LHS and 34 to RHS)
∴ -x = – 13
∴ x = 13 [Multiplying both the sides by (-1)]
∴ Numerator = x = 13
Denominator = x + 8
= 13 + 8
= 21
The rational number = \(\frac {13}{21}\)
Thus, the rational number is \(\frac {13}{21}\).

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class English Book Solutions Chapter 7 Safety While Driving Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 English Chapter 7 Safety While Driving

Activity 1

Look up the following words in a dictionary. You should seek the following information about the words and put them in your WORDS notebook.

1. Meaning of the word as used in the lesson (adjective/noun/verb. etc.)
2. Pronunciation (The teacher may refer to the dictionary or a mobile phone for correct pronunciation.)
3. Spellings.

mischief	itinerary	sneak	reverse	mechanism
confidence	impound	counsel	blunder	reflexes

Vocabulary Expansion

Activity 2

Look at the grid. Encircle the words taken from the chapter which mean the following. The first one is done for you.
1. a person who walks on the road
2. alert and careful
3. when two vehicles get hit
4. to take into custody of the law
5. mistake
6. to turn in an opposite direction
7. eager and enthusiastic
8. the effect, result or outcome of something
9. advice ; opinion or instruction given
10. a person under the age of 18 in India.

Activity 3.

Match the words given in the table with their antonyms. Write the number of the word in the column given on the right hand side. The first one is done for you.

S. No.	Word	Antonym	Number
1.	above	never	9
2.	absent	after	8
3.	accept	alive	12
4.	advantage	depart	7
5.	before	cruel	2
6.	for	light	13
7.	agree	disadvantage	10
8.	dead	present	3
9.	always	below	1
10.	question	disagree	11
11.	appear	answer	20
12.	arrive	decline	4
13.	kind	against	5
14.	M	careless	19
15.	front	ugly	16
16.	beautiful	back	15
17.	below	above	17
18.	heavy	sharp	6
19.	blunt	empty	18
20.	careful	disappear	14

Answer:
1. above – below
2. absent – present
3. accept – decline
4. advantage – disadvantage
5. before – after
6. for – against
7. agree – disagree
8. dead – alive
9. always – never
10. question – answer
11. appear – disappear
12. arrive – depart
13. kind – cruel
14. full – empty
15. front – back
16. beautiful – ugly
17. below – above
18. heavy – light
19. blunt – sharp
20. careful – careless.

Learning to Read and Comprehend

Activity 4

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What does Seema love ?
सीम्त को क्या पसंद है ?
Answer:
Seema loves automobiles.

Question 2.
What does she read on the Internet ?
वह इंटरनेट पर क्या पढ़ती है ?
Answer:
She reads a lot about cars and their mechanism on the Internet.

Question 3.
Why did she call her friend Bhavya ?
उसने अपनी मित्र भावया को क्यों बुलाया ?
Answer:
She called Bhavya because she knew a lot about driving.

Question 4.
What did Seema and Bhavya decide ?
सीमा और भावया ने क्या निश्चय किया ?
Answer:
They decided to drive the car.

Question 5.
What was their itinerary?
उनकी यात्रा योजना क्या थी ?
Answer:
They planned to go to Sector-17.

Question 6.
Who did they meet at the end of the road ?
सड़क के अन्त में उन्हें कौन मिला ?
Answer:
They met the two traffic policemen at the end of the road.

Question 7.
What did the police do?
पुलिस ने क्या किया ?
Answer:
The police impounded the car and took them to the police station for writing the report.

Question 8.
How did the police counsel Seema and Bhavya ?
पुलिस ने सीमा और भावया को कैसे सलाह (समझाया) दी ?
Answer:
They advised them not to go for driving until they are 18. Otherwise, they may involve in serious accident. Driving for a minor is illegal too.

Question 9.
What did Seema and Bhavya decide after the counselling ?
सलाह के बाद सीमा और भावया ने क्या निर्णय लिया ?
Answer:
After the counselling they decided that they would never repeat such blunder.

Activity 5

Discuss (Groupwork)

A. What mistake did the two girls commit? Had the police not caught them near their home, what could have happened to them ?
B. What are the two most important traffic rules that we all should follow ? Why do you think it is important to follow traffic rules?
C. Why is it important for everyone on the road to be patient ?
Answer:
(A) The two girls were minor, still they planned to drive on the busy road. Had the police not caught them they might have done a very serious accident.

(B)

• We should follow the traffic lights.
• We should follow the traffic signals. Traffic rules are for the road safety so we must follow them.

(C) It is important to be patient on the road because impatience causes accidents and quarrels.

Learning Language

Active and Passive Voice Voice is the form of a verb that shows its connection with the subject. It is of two kinds:

• Active Voice
• Passive Voice

Active Voice : When the verb shows that the subject does something, it is said to be in the Active Voice.
Passive Voice : Passive Voice shows that something is done to the subject.

Example :
Ram eats an apple. (Active Voice)
An apple is eaten by Ram. (Passive Voice)

Need for changing from Active to Passive Voice :
Passive voice is generally used in the following cases :
1. Where the subject is obvious, for example :
(a) The letters were delivered. (by the postman).
(b) My tooth was extracted this morning only. (by the dentist)
(In these examples, the subjects in the active voice ‘the postman’ and ‘the dentist need not be mentioned as it is obvious who the doer is.)

2. Where the subject is not known, for example :
(a) My pen was stolen. (by someone)
(b) The window pane was broken. (by someone)
(In these examples, the identity of the subject in the active voice is not known.)

3. Where the identity of the subject is not meant to be revealed, for example
(a) Ratan was dismissed from his job. (passive)
[The boss/the management dismissed Ratan from his job. (active)]

(b) Rajan was killed. (passive)
[The goons killed Rajan. (active)]

4. In writing scientific procedures and reports, for example :
(a) Twenty millilitres of sulphuric acid was taken in a test-tube and heated.

5. Where the action is more important than the doer or the subject, for example :
(a) The repair work of the roads has been completed.

Rules to change the Voice :

• The object of the verb takes the position of the subject.
• The subject of the verb in the active voice becomes the object and is usually preceded by the preposition by’:
• The tense of the verb in the passive voice remains the same as in the active voice.
• In the passive voice, the third form of the verb is used.
• Appropriate form of the verb to be [is, am, are, been, have been, had been, was, were, will be, shall be, etc.) is used with the past participle form (third form of the verb) in the passive voice.

Passive form of Negative Sentences :

Rule : The passive form of sentences is formed by putting ‘not’ between the auxiliary and the third form of the verb. The other rules remain the same.

Active : Tigers do not eat grass.
Passive : Grass is not eaten by tigers.
Active : He does not grow green vegetables.
Passive : Green vegetables are not grown by him.

Passive of Interrogative Sentences :

A. Interrogative sentences beginning with helping verbs :

Rules :
1. If the question begins with do/does/did, the passive form will be is/am/are/was/ were + subject + 3rd form of the verb.
Examples :
Active : Do many people watch this serial ?
Passive : Is this serial watched by many people ?
Active : Did you complete your work in time ?
Passive : Was your work completed by you in time ?

2. If the question is in continuous tense, the passive form will be is/am/are/was/ were + subject + being + 3rd form of the verb.
Examples :
Active : Is she making coffee?
Passive : Is coffee being made by her ?
Active : Were they playing hockey?
Passive : Was hockey being played by them?

3. If the question begins with has/have/had, the passive form will be has/havel had + subject + been + 3rd form of the verb.
Example :
Active : Has he written the letter?
Passive : Has the letter been written by him ?

4. If the question begins with modal auxiliary, the passive structure is modal auxiliary + subject + be + 3rd form of the verb.
Example : Active : Can you sing a song ?
Passive : Can a song be sung by you ?

A. Interrogative sentences beginning with ‘Wh’ words

Rules :
In the case of interrogative sentences beginning with Wh-words like ‘what’, ‘why’, ‘when’, etc. the question word is written in the beginning of the sentences. The rest of the rules are the same as in the case of other interrogative sentences.
Examples :
Active : Why did you cut down the tree ?
Passive : Why was the tree cut down by you?
Active : Where do you keep the books ?
Passive : Where are the books kept by you ?

In case of questions beginning with ‘who’, the passive form is ; by+whom+auxiliary + subject+ 3rd form of the verb. Examples :
Active : Who will make a kite ?
Passive : By whom will a kite be made ?
Active : Who will bell the cat ?
Passive : By whom will the cat be belled ?

Note : An interrogative sentence in the Active Voice remains an interrogative in the Passive form also.

Change of voice involving Tenses ·

1. Simple Present (Indefinite) Tense
Rule : is/am/are + 3rd form of the verb
Examples : Active : Mohan sings a song.
Passive : A song is sung by Mohan.
Active : Uncle Podger hangs a picture.
Passive : A picture is hung by Uncle Podger.

Activity 6.

Change the active voice of the following sentences to passive voice :
(a) Harish plays cricket.
Answer:
Cricket is played by Harish.

(b) She does not like singing.
Answer:
Singing is not liked by her.

(c) We fly kites.
Answer:
Kites are flown by us.

(d) Meera helps the poor.
Answer:
The poor are helped by Meera.

(e) I do my work.
Answer:
My work is done by me.

(f) Hamid does his homework.
Answer:
His home work is done by Hamid.

(g) The boys do not watch television.
Answer:
Television is not watched by the boys.

(h) Does the cobbler mend my shoes ?
Answer:
Are my shoes mended by the cobbler ?

(i) She hates liars.
Answer:
Liars are hated by her.

(j) Do children like sweets ?
Answer:
Are sweets liked by children ?

Simple Past (Indefinite) Tense

Rule : was/were + 3rd form of the verb
Examples :
Active : Kapil Dev broke the record.
Passive : The record was broken by Kapil Dev.
Active : The Principal punished the boys.
Passive : The boys were punished by the Principal.

Activity 7.

Change the active voice in following sentences to passive voice:

(a) Rama lost his book.
Answer:
His book was lost by Rama.

(b) They welcomed me.
Answer:
I was welcomed by them.

(c) Mina wrote a letter.
Answer:
A letter was written by Mina.

(d) Mohan did not sing a song.
Answer:
A song was not sung by Mohan.

(e) Radha did not drink coffee.
Answer:
Coffee was not drunk by Radha.

(f) Harish did not paint a picture
Answer:
A picture was not painted by Harish.

(g) Did the boys fly kites ?
Answer:
Were the kites flown by the boys ?

(h) Did you close the door ?
Answer:
Was the door closed by you ?

(i) Did Kavita help you ?
Answer:
Were you helped by Kavita ?

(j) The Prime Minister honoured Sachin Tendulkar.
Answer:
Sachin Tendulkar was honoured by the Prime Minister.

Future Indefinite Tense

Rule : will/shall + be + 3rd form of the verb
Examples :
Active : He will play two matches.
Passive : Two matches will be played by him.
Active : She will help me.
Passive : I shall be helped by her.

Activity 8

Change the active voice of the following sentences to passive voice :

(a) Manohar will solve the sums.
Answer:
The sums will be solved by Manohar.

(b) You will miss your bus.
Answer:
Your bus will be missed by you.

(c) The teacher will punish the boys.
Answer:
The boys will be punished by the teacher.

(d) The doctor will examine the patient.
Answer:
The patient will be examined by the doctor.

(e) The children will enjoy this game.
Answer:
This game will be enjoyed by the children.

(f) You will join the party.
Answer:
The party will be joined by you.

(g) He will not cook the food.
Answer:
The food will not be cooked by him.

(h) She will not wash the clothes.
Answer:
The clothes will not be washed by her.

(i) Will they elect the President ?
Answer:
Will the president be elected by them ?

(j) Will she speak the truth?
Answer:
Will the truth be spoken by her ?

Learning to Listen

Activity 9.

Your teacher will read a passage on road safety. She/he will read the passage twice with a gap of 5 minutes. The passage explains some points regarding DO’s and DON’TS while driving. Make a list of DO’s and DON’Ts (3-5 words only) while you listen to your teacher. Complete your points when you listen to her the second time. ..
(The teacher must read the passage very clearly and slowly. She/he must also pause a little after each sentence.)

YOU MUST AI WAY’S (Do’s)	YOU MUST NEVER (Don’t)
Always stay alert.	Never write text message while driving.
Wear your seat belt.	Avoid distractions like changing CD or using cellphone.
Follow traffic signals.	Never drink and drive.
Stop at red light. ’
Always give right of way.
Always share the rpad.

Activity 10.

It is very important for the people who ride two wheelers to wear good and strong helmets. Discuss with your partner why people should wear helmets. You may also give examples of people whom you know were hurt because they did not wear a helmet. You must make notes of what you will say in the space given below:

Answer:

Now tell about the importance of helmets to your partner based on notes you have made : (The teacher must encourage at least 5 pairs to speak in front of the class.)

नोट : विद्यार्थी इन Hints को Sentences में बदलकर एक paragraph में लिखें

Learning to Write

Activity 11.

Picture description.
Describe what you see in the given picture. You can write about.

The vechicles involved in the accident

• What could have happened before the accident ?
• What caused the accident? (Choose One.)
• jumping the red light
• overtaking at the wrong place.
• taking a wrong turn
• applying sudden-brakes by one of the persons involved in the accident
• Whose fault was it ? Why do you say so ?

It is an accident scene at a busy crossing. Two cars collapsed against each other. The accident took place because one car driver crossed the red light. The second car driver
paid for his fault. The car was badly damaged. Thanks god his own life was saved !

Learning to use Language (Groupwork)

Activity 12.

Get into a group of 5 and write a dialogue among five people of a family-mother, father, daughter and son and a cousin who has come to visit your family. :

Scenario : Your family is planning to enjoy the day. Your mother and sister are interested in watching a cricket match at the stadium while your father is fond of cooking and wants to cook a good dinner for the family followed by watching a film on TV. The cousin wants to watch a film in the theatre.

Write a dialogue in which each of you will convince other members of the family that your plan is the best.
Once done, you will also practise speaking the same in your group. (The teacher will randomly select two groups to present the dialogue before the class.)
Answer:
Mother : I would like to watch a cricket match on TV. Dear sister is also interested in it. It is very entertaining. Besides, during these days of Covid-19, it is not wise to go out.

Father : I have a new book on cooking. It has a long list of recipes. I will do cooking for the family tomorrow. You will enjoy spicy and sweet crispy dishes-nons and Amritsari chholey Bhatoorey. In the evening we will watch a classical film on TV. It is a great movie Mughal-i-Aazam.

Cousin : What is all this. I am ready to pass my day at home. I would suggest seeing a film in a theatre. My plan is the best one.

Children : Be serious. It will be a blunder to go out. It is like spreading Corona or getting infected.

Giving and Responding to News:

It is important to understand how to break good or bad news to someone. There are different ways to do so. There are some set expressions that may be used to break the news. Knowing these expressions helps us to become more fluent.

Giving News
Good News	Bad News
I’m really pleased to tell you …	I’m afraid I’ve got some bad news for you …
I’ve got a bit of good news to tell you …	I’m sorry I’ve got a bit of bad news to tell you …
I’ve got some good/brilliant/great/wonderful/splendid news for you …	I really don’t know how to say it but….
You know what I’ve got a bit of great news for you ….	I’m sorry to have to say this but …
Great news for you …	I really feel bad to have to say this, but …

There are also ways and expressions of responding to news.

Responding to news
Good News	Bad News
That’s great !/Great news !	I’m awfully sorry that…/I’m sorry to hear that…/I’m sorry to hear such terrible news.
How fantastic !/Oh, how wonderful !	Please, accept my deepest sympathy/ condolences.
What fantastic/good/brilliant/great won­derful/splendid news !	I know how you must be feeling.
That’s good/brilliant/great/wonderful/splendid news !	That must be awful.
Congratulations !/Superb !	Oh, dear !/Too bad !
That’s wonderful/Fantastic !	That’s awful/a pity/unfortunate !
I’m glad to hear that !

Activity 13:

Use five different expressions to break a piece of a good news and a bad news to your partner who will also respond in five different ways to the good news and the bad news. (Pairwork)
Some ideas for the news you may break :

• Your friend has stood first in the test.
• Rohit Sharma has scored a century.
• India has won the cricket match against
• Your father’s operation has been a success.
• You have a new puppy at home.
• Your friend’s sister is unwell.
• You have failed in the test in spite of working very hard.
• You have lost your wallet/necklace/suitcase.
• Your laptop suddenly stopped responding.
• You have lost your mobile phone.

Answer:
(For Each News) For Good News in the test

• That’s great
• What a good news
• That’s good
• Congratulations
• I’m glad to hear that.

For a piece of Bad News

• Very sad to hear that
• Sorry you must be feeling bad !
• That’s unfortunate
• That must be awful!
• Shocking

Comprehension of Pass

Read the following passages and answer the questions given below each :

(1) Seema is a fifteen year old girl. She loves automobiles and keeps dreaming about driving cars on the road. She reads a lot about cars and their mechanism on the internet. She feels that she knows everything about driving cars. Last year, Seema was just fourteen and she tried to take her mother’s car out on the road to drive without telling her mother. Here, Seema is telling her story of the day she planned this mischief.

1. What does Seema love to do?
सीमा को क्या करना पसंद है ?

2. What big mistake did she commit last year?
उसने पिछले साल क्या बड़ी गलती की ?

3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your answer-book :
(a) Last year seema was just fifteen.
(b) Seema reads a lot about cars on the internet.

4. Complete the following sentences according to the meaning of the passage :
(a) Seema feels that she knows everything …
(b) She reads about cars …………… on the internet…
Or
Match the words with their meaning :

(i) mischief	pleasure
(ii) planned	naughtiness
	chalked out

Answer:
1. Seema loves automobiles and keeps dreaming about driving cars on the road.
2. Last year, seema tried to take her mother’s car out on the road to drive, when she was just 14.
3.
(a) False
(b) True.
4.
(a) Seema feels that she knows everything about driving cars.
(b) She reads about cars and their mechanism on the internet.
Or
(1) mischief — naughtiness
(ii) planned — chalked out

(2) I am seema. I am going to tell you a small incident of my life that taught me an important lesson. I love cars. I keep reading about cars on the Internet. After reading so much about cars and driving cars, I felt that I had understood everything about cars and would be able to safely drive on the road. I called my friend Bhavya who is equally interested in driving and also knows how to ride a mobike. I told her that my mother was going to Delhi and her car would be free. Bhavya also got excited and said that she would come to my house.

1. How did Seema feel after reading a lot about cars and driving cars ?
कारों तथा कार चलाने के बारे में बहुत कुछ पढ़ने के बाद सीमा को कैसा महसूस हुआ ?

2. Who is Bhavya ? What is she interested in ?
भावया कौन है ? उसको किस चीज़ में रुचि है ?

3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your answer-book :
(a) Bhavya’s mother was going to the internet.
(b) This incident is related to a lesson giving car driving experience.

4. Complete the following sentences according to the meaning of the passage :
(a) Bhavya also got ……………..
(b) Bhavya knows how to …………….
Or
Write the meanings of the following words in English : (Any two)
incident, excited, understood
Answer:
1. She felt that she had understood everything about cars and she would be able to drive safely on the road.
2. Bhavya is Seema’s friend. Like Seema, she is also interested in driving.
3.
(a) False
(b) True.
4.
(a) Bhavya also got excited.
(b) Bhavya knows how to ride a mobike.
Or
happening, thrilled, came to know.

(3) Bhavya started driving. Since she could ride a mobike and also helped her father many times in taking the car out of the gate, she knew the mechanism and drove with confidence. As we reached the end of the road, I asked her to stop the car. As she was trying to stop the car, two traffic policemen came out from behind the trees. They asked us to come out of the car and asked Bhavya to show them her driving licence. She was only foureen years old and like me she did not have a driving licence. The policemen asked us our names, our age and addresses. They also took our parents’ mobile number and called them. My mother was on her way to Delhi. When she received the phone, she immediately called my father and asked him to meet the police. Bhavya’s father came and the policemen told him that they would impound the car as two minors were sitting in the car and one of them was driving.

1. What happned when Bhavya tried to stop the car ?
जब भावया ने कार को रोकने की कोशिश की तो क्या हुआ ?

2. Who were the two minors sitting in the car ?
कार में बैठे दो नाबालिग कौन थे ?

3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your answer-book :
(a) Seema was driving the car.
(b) Bhavya did not have a driving licence.

4. Complete the following sentences according to the meaning of the passage :
(a) Bhavya knew the mechanism and drove ……..
(b) Seema’s mother asked seema’s father to ………
Or
Match the words with their meaning :

(i) immediately	below 18
(ii) minor	at once
	took away

Answer:
1. Two traffic policemen came out from behind the trees, when Bhavya tried to stop the car.
2. They were Seema and Bhavya.
3.
(a) False
(b) True
4.
(a) Bhavya knew the mechanism and drove with confidence.
(b) Seema’s mother asked Seema’s father to meet the police.
Or
(i) immediately — at once
(ii) minor — below 18

(4) The car was impounded and the police took both of us to the police station for writing the report. They also counselled us on the consequences of what we were planning to do. They said that we could have met with an accident and we might have hurt ourselves badly. They also told us that we could have also injured someone on the road. Then they showed us picturės of some accidents. We both got very scared when we saw the pictures in which a child had died. We looked at each other and decided never to repeat such a blunder. We decided that we will learn how to drive from a driving school when we turn eighteen.

1. What did the police tell the two girls about the consequences of the incident ?
पुलिस ने दोनों लड़कियों को घटना के परिणामों के बारे में क्या बताया ?

2. What did they decide about learning driving?
ड्राइविंग सीखने के बारे में उन्होंने कया फैसला बताया?

3. Choose true the false statements and write them in your answer-book :
(a) We might have met with an accident.
(b) We were free after the car was impounded.

4. Complete the following sentences according to the meaning of the passage :
(a) They decided never to repeat …………
(b) The police took us to the police station for …………….
Or
Write the meanings of the following words in English : (Any two).
blunder, consequences, injured.
Answer:
1. The police told them that they could meet with a serious accident. They could hurt themselves badly. They might hurt someone else also.
2. They decided that they would learn driving from a driving school when they turn 18.
3.
(a) True
(b) False.
4.
(a) They decided never to repeat such a blunder.
(b) The police took us to the police station for writing the report.
Or
big mistake, results, wounded.

Use of words and phrases in Sentences

1. Blunder (a big mistake) -You have committed a blunder.
2. Excited (thrilled) – The players were excited when they scored the last goal.
3. Confidence (belief/trust) – He fights every battle with self confidence.
4. Mischief (misconduct) – Every mischief can’t be forgiven.
5. Received (got) – I received his phone early in the morning.
6. Minor (a person below 18) – A minor is not allowed to drive a car on the road.
7. Injured (wounded) – Ten persons were injured in the road accident.
8. Scared (got afraid) – We got scared to hear the story of her accident.
9. Skill (talent) – We need practice to learn every skill.
10. Cautious (alert) – Be cautious while driving.

Word Meanings

Safety While Driving Summary in Hindi

Seema is a fifteen year ……………come to my house.

सीमा पंद्रह वर्ष की लड़की है। उसे मोटर-गाड़ियों से प्यार है और वह सड़क पर कार चलाने के सपने देखती रहती है। वह कारों के बारे में और उनके कलपुर्जी की बनावट के बारे में इंटरनेट पर पढ़ती रहती है। उसे लगता है कि वह कार चलाने के बारे में सब जानती है। पिछले वर्ष सीमा जब चौदह वर्ष की थी तो उसने माँ को बताए बिना उसकी कार को सड़क पर ले जाने की कोशिश की। यहाँ सीमा अपनी उस दिन की कहानी बता रही है जिस दिन उसने यह शरारत करने की सोची थी। मैं सीमा हूँ। मैं आपको अपने जीवन की एक घटना बताने जा रही हूँ जिससे मुझे जीवन की महत्त्वपूर्ण सीख मिली। मुझे कारें पसंद हैं। मैं कारों के बारे में इंटरनेट पर पढ़ती रहती हूँ। कारों के बारे में तथा कार चलाने के बारे में इतना अधिक पढ़ने के बाद मुझे लगा मुझे कारों के बारे में सब कुछ पता चल चुका है और मैं सड़क पर सुरक्षित गाड़ी चला सकती हूं। मैंने अपनी मित्र भावया (Bhavya) को बुलाया जो कि ड्राइविंग की बराबर की शौकीन है और उसे पता है कि कैसे मोबाइक चलाई जाती है। मैंने उसे बताया कि मेरी मां दिल्ली जा रही है और उसकी कार फ्री है। भावया । भी रोमांचित हो उठी और उसने कहा कि वह मेरे घर आ जाएगी।

The next day …. turn to drive.

अगली सुबह मेरी मां दिल्ली चली गई और मैंने भावया को घर पर बुला लिया। भावया घर आ गई और हम अपने यात्रा कार्यक्रम की योजना बनाने लगे। हमने सैक्टर 17, जो कि एक बड़ा शापिंग कम्पलैक्स है, जाने की योजना बनाई। क्योंकि गाड़ी चलाने का यह मेरा पहला अनुभव था इसलिए मैंने भावया से कार को गैराज से निकालने के लिए कहा। __ हम कार की चाबियाँ लेकर छिपकर घर से बाहर निकल आए। भावया ड्राइवर की सीट पर बैठ गई और कार को पीछे की ओर चलाने लगी। भावया ने बहुत ही आत्मविश्वास से कार को बाहर निकाला। हम दोनों बहुत खुश थे। मैंने उसे सड़क के अंत तक कार को चलाते रहने के लिए कहा और उसके बाद कार चलाने की मैं अपनी बारी लूंगी।

Bhavya started .. …………… was driving.

भावया ने कार चलाना आरम्भ किया। क्योंकि वह मोबाइक चला सकती थी और उसने कार को गैराज से निकालने में अपने पिता की कई बार मदद की थी, उसे कार तंत्र की भी जानकारी थी, उसने बड़े आत्मविश्वास से गाड़ी चलाई। जैसे ही हम सड़क के अंतिम किनारे पर पहुंचे, मैंने उसे कार रोकने के लिए कहा। जैसे ही वह कार रोकने की कोशिश कर रही थी, दो ट्रैफिक पुलिस कर्मचारी पेड़ के पीछे से निकल आए। उन्होंने हमें कार से बाहर आने के लिए कहा और भावया को अपना ड्राइविंग लाइसेंस दिखाने के लिए कहा। वह चौदह वर्ष की थी और मेरी तरह उसके पास भी ड्राइविंग लाइसेंस नहीं था। पुलिस कर्मचारी ने हमारे नाम, आयु तथा पते पूछे। उन्होंने हमारे माता-पिता के मोबाइल नम्बर लेकर उनसे बात की। मेरी माँ दिल्ली के रास्ते में थी। जैसे ही उनके पास फोन पहुंचा उन्होंने तुरंत मेरे पिता जी को पुलिस से मिलने के लिए कहा। भावया के पिता आए और पुलिस कर्मचारी ने उन्हें बताया कि वे कार को इम्पाउंड करेंगे क्योंकि कार में दो नाबालिग बैठी थीं और उनमें से एक चला रही थी।

The car was ……. first when driving.

कार इम्पाउंड (जब्त) कर ली गई और पुलिस रिपोर्ट लिखने के लिए हमें पुलिस स्टेशन ले गई। उन्होंने हमें जो कुछ हम करने जा रहे थे, उनके परिणामों के बारे में सलाह भी दी। उन्होंने हमें बताया कि हमारी दुर्घटना हो सकती थी और हम बुरी तरह से घायल भी हो सकती थीं। उन्होंने हमें बताया कि हम किसी और को भी सड़क पर घायल कर सकते थे। उन्होंने हमें कुछ दुर्घटनाओं के चित्र भी दिखाए। हम दोनों उस समय बहुत डर गए जब हमने चित्रों में एक बच्चे को मरते हुए देखा। हमने एक दूसरे की ओर देखा और निश्चय किया कि ऐसी भयंकर गलती फिर से नहीं करेंगे। हमने निश्चय किया कि जब हम अठारह वर्ष की हो जाएंगी तो ड्राइविंग स्कूल से कार चलाने का प्रशिक्षण लेंगी। यही थी सीमा की कहानी।

कार तंत्रों की जानकारी होने से आप एक अच्छे ड्राइवर नहीं बन जाते। ड्राइविंग एक कौशल है जो कि बहुत अभ्यास से सीखा जाता है। सड़क के नियमों को जानना और ट्रैफिक संकेतों को समझना बहुत आवश्यक है। ट्रैफिक लाइट्स लोगों को दर्शाती हैं कि कब सड़क पार करना सुरक्षित है और कब रुकना। सड़क के नियम और ट्रैफिक संकेत सड़क का प्रयोग करने वालों की सुरक्षा के लिए हैं। सड़क पर निकलने के बाद हम सबको बहुत ही सावधान रहना चाहिए। ड्राइवरों को धैर्यवान, दूसरों का ध्यान रखने वाला और सजग होना चाहिए। पैदल चलने वालों को सहनशील, सावधान और सतर्क होना चाहिए। सदा याद रखें गाड़ी चलाते समय सुरक्षा पहली चीज़ होती है।

Retranslation from english to hindi

1. Seema is a fifteen year old girl. — सीमा पंद्रह वर्ष की लड़की है।
2. She reads a lot about cars. — वह कारों के बारे में पढ़ती रहती है।
3. Seema is telling her story of the day. — सीमा अपनी कहानी बता रही है।
4. I love cars. — मुझे कारें पसंद हैं।
5. I called my friend Bhavya. — मैंने अपनी मित्र भावया को बुलाया।
6. Bhavya also got excited. — भावया भी रोमांचित हो उठी।
7. We planned to go to sector 17. — हमने सेक्टर 17 में जाने की योजना बनाई।
8. We sneaked out of the house with the car keys. — हम कार की चाबियां लेकर छिपकर घर से बाहर आ गए।
9. Bhavya took out the car very confidently. — भावया ने बहुत ही आत्म-विश्वास से कार को बाहर निकाला।
10. I asked her to stop the car. — मैंने उसे कार रोकने के लिए कहा।
11. They asked us to come out of the car. — उन्होंने हमें कार से बाहर आने के लिए कहा।
12. My mother was on her way to Delhi. — मेरी माँ दिल्ली के रास्ते में थी।
13. They showed us pictures of some accidents. — उन्होंने हमें कुछ दुर्घटनाओं के चित्र दिखाए।
14. Driving is a skill. — ड्राइविंग एक कौशल है।
15. We all need to be very careful. — हम सबको बहुत ही सावधान रहना चाहिए।

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 2 Linear Equations in One Variable Ex 2.5 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 2 Linear Equations in One Variable Ex 2.5

Solve the following linear equations.

Question 1.
\(\frac{x}{2}-\frac{1}{5}=\frac{x}{3}+\frac{1}{4}\)
Solution:
\(\frac{x}{2}-\frac{1}{5}=\frac{x}{3}+\frac{1}{4}\)
∴ \(\frac {1}{2}\) [Transposing \(\frac{x}{3}\) to LHS and \(\frac {-1}{2}\) to RHS]
∴ \(\frac{3 x-2 x}{6}=\frac{1 \times 5+1 \times 4}{20}\) [LCM = 6, LCM = 20]
∴ \(\frac{x}{6}=\frac{5+4}{20}\)
∴ \(\frac{x}{6}=\frac{9}{20}\)
∴ \(\frac{x}{6} \times 6=\frac{9}{20} \times 6\) (Multiplying both the sides by 6)
∴ \(\frac {27}{10}\)
∴ x = 2.7

Question 2.
\(\frac{n}{2}-\frac{3 n}{4}+\frac{5 n}{6}\) = 21
Solution:
\(\frac{n}{2}-\frac{3 n}{4}+\frac{5 n}{6}\) = 21
∴ \(\frac{n \times 6}{2 \times 6}-\frac{3 n \times 3}{4 \times 3}+\frac{5 n \times 2}{6 \times 2}\) = 21
∴ \(\frac{6 n-9 n+10 n}{12}\) = 21
∴ \(\frac {7 n}{12}\) = 21
∴ 7n = 21 × 12 (Multiplying both the sides by 12)
∴ n = \(\frac{21 \times 12}{7}\) (Dividing both the sides by 7)
∴ n = 36

Question 3.
\(x+7-\frac{8 x}{3}=\frac{17}{6}-\frac{5 x}{2}\)
Solution:
\(x+7-\frac{8 x}{3}=\frac{17}{6}-\frac{5 x}{2}\)
(Multipljdng both the sides by 6, the LCM of 3, 6 and 2.)
(6 × x) + (6 × 7) – \(\left(\frac{6 \times 8 x}{3}\right)\) = \(\left(6 \times \frac{17}{6}\right)-\left(\frac{6 \times 5 x}{2}\right)\)
∴ 6x + 42 – 16x = 17- 15x
∴ – 10x + 42 = 17 – 15x
∴ – 10x + 15x = 17 – 42 [Transposing (-15x) to LHS and 42 to RHS]
∴ 5x = – 25
∴ x = – 5 (Dividing both the sides by 5)

Question 4.
\(\frac{x-5}{3}=\frac{x-3}{5}\)
Solution:
\(\frac{x-5}{3}=\frac{x-3}{5}\)
∴ 5(x – 5) = 3 (x – 3) (Cross multiplication)
∴ 5x – 25 = 3x – 9
∴ 5x – 3x = 25 – 9 [Transposing 3x to LHS and (-25) to RHS]
∴ 2x = 16
∴ \(\frac{2 x}{2}=\frac{16}{2}\) (Dividing both the sides by 2)
∴ x = 8

Question 5.
\(\frac{3 t-2}{4}-\frac{2 t+3}{3}=\frac{2}{3}-t\)
Solution:
\(\frac{3 t-2}{4}-\frac{2 t+3}{3}=\frac{2}{3}-t\)
(Multiplying both the sides by 12, the LCM of 4 and 3)
12\(\left(\frac{3 t-2}{4}\right)\) – 12\(\left(\frac{2 t+3}{3}\right)\) = 12 × \(\frac {1}{2}\) – 12t
∴ 3(3t – 2) -4 (2t + 3) = 8 – 12t
∴ 9t – 6 – 8t – 12 = 8 – 12t
∴ t – 18 = 8 – 12t
∴ t + 12t = 8 + 18 [Transposing (-12t) to LHS and (-18) to RHS]
∴ 13t = 26
∴ \(\frac{13 t}{13}=\frac{26}{13}\) (Dividing both the sides by 13)
∴ t = 2

Question 6.
\(m-\frac{m-1}{2}=1-\frac{m-2}{3}\)
Solution:
\(m-\frac{m-1}{2}=1-\frac{m-2}{3}\)
(Multiplying both the sides by 6, the LCM of 2 and 3)
6m – 6 \(\left(\frac{m-1}{2}\right)\) = 1 × 6 – 6\(\left(\frac{m-2}{3}\right)\)
∴ 6m – 3(m- 1) = 6 – 2(m-2)
∴ 6m – 3m + 3 = 6 – 2m + 4
∴ 3m + 3 = 10 – 2m
∴ 3m + 2m = 10 – 3 [Transposing (-2 m) to LHS and 3 to RHS]
∴ 5m = 7
∴ \(\frac{5 m}{5}=\frac{7}{5}\) (Dividing both the sides by 5)
∴ m = \(\frac {7}{5}\)

Simplify and solve the following linear equations.

Question 7.
3(t – 3) = 5(2t + 1)
Solution:
3(t – 3) = 5(2t + 1)
∴ 3t – 9 = 10t + 5
∴ 3t – 10t = 5 + 9 [Transposing 10t to LHS and (-9) to RHS]
∴ – 7t = 14
∴ 7t = – 14 [Multiplying both the sides by (-1)]
∴ \(\frac{7 t}{7}=\frac{-14}{7}\) (Dividing both the sides by 7)
∴ t = -2

Question 8.
15 (y – 4) – 2 (y – 9) + 5 (y + 6) = 0
Solution:
15 (y – 4) – 2 (y – 9) + 5 (y + 6) = 0
∴ 15y – 60 – 2y + 18 + 5y + 30 = 0
∴ 15y – 2y + 5y – 60 + 18 + 30 = 0
∴ 15y + 5y – 2y + 18 + 30 – 60 = 0 (Arranging the terms)
∴ 18y – 12 = 0
∴ 18y = 12 [Transposing (- 12) to RHS]
∴ \(\frac{18 y}{18}=\frac{12}{18}\) (Dividing both the sides by 18)
∴ y = \(\frac {2}{3}\)

Question 9.
3(5z – 7) -2 (9z – 11) = 4(8z – 13) – 17
Solution:
3(5z – 7) -2 (9z – 11) = 4(8z – 13) – 17
∴ 15z – 21 – 18z + 22 = 32z – 52 – 17
∴ 15z – 18z – 21 + 22 = 32z + (-52 – 17)
∴ – 3z + 1 = 32z – 69
∴ – 3z – 32z = – 69 – 1 (Transposing 1 to RHS and 32z to LHS)
∴ – 35z = – 70
∴ 35z = 70[Multiplying both the sides by (-1)]
∴ \(\frac{35 z}{35}=\frac{70}{35}\) (Dividing both the sides by 35)
∴ z = 2.

Question 10.
0.25 (4f – 3) = 0.05(10f – 9)
Solution:
0.25 (4f – 3) = 0.05(10f – 9)
0.25 × 4f – 0.25 × 3
= 0.05 × 10f – 0.05 × 9