Class 6

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class English Book Solutions English Grammar Tenses Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 6th Class English Grammar Tenses

The form of verb that shows the Time or State of an action is called the Tense.
Verb का जो रुप क्रिया के समय अथवा स्थिति के बारे में बताती है उसे Tense कहते है।

We have three main Tenses in English.
They are-

1. The Present Tense वर्तमानकाल
2. The Past Tense भूतकाल
3. The Future Tense. भविष्यत्काल

Look at the following sentences:

1. Tanu is here today.
2. The girls are happy.
3. Tanu was here yesterday.
4. The girls were happy.
5. Tanu will be here tomorrow.
6. The girls will be happy.

Sentences 1 and 2 show the present state.
We can say they are in the Present Tense.

Sentences 3 and 4 show the past state.
We can say they are in the Past Tense.

Sentences 5 and 6 show the future state.
We can say they are in the Future Tense.

Please Note: 1. We use V₁ for Present Tense.
2. We use V₂ for Past Tense.
3. We use will / shall + V₁ for Future Tense.

Forms of Tenses काल के रूप

Each Tense in English has four different forms:

1. Indefinite
2. Continuous
3. Perfect
4. Perfect Continuous

Thus, there are twelve different Tenses.
They are-

1. Present Indefinite	I write poems.
2. Past Indefinite	I wrote poems.
3. Future Indefinite	I shall write poems
4. Present Continuous	I am writing poems.
5. Past Continuous	I was writing poems.
6. Future Continuous	I shall be writing poems.
7. Present Perfect	I have written poems.
8. Past Perfect	I had written poems.
9. Future Perfect	I shall have written poems.
10. Present Perfect Continuous	I have been writing poems.
11. Past Perfect Continuous	I had been writing poems.
12. Future Perfect Continuous	I shall have been writing poems.

1. Present Indefinite Tense

The Present Indefinite Tense is used to express a universal truth (सर्वमान्य सत्य) or habitual action (आदत की क्रिया)”; as-

1. The baby likes bread.
2. We do our duty.
3. Aman speaks the truth.
4. The earth moves round the sun.

The underlined verbs are all in the Present Indefinite Tense.
For Positive Statements in this tense:
We use V₁ for I, You and a Plural subject; as,

1. You learn your lessons.
2. We pray to God daily
3. I buy milk from this dairy.

We use V₁ + s/es, for third person Singular subject; as,

1. Meena tells lies.
2. My sister cooks delicious food.
3. Mr. Singh teaches us English.

Exercises (Solved)

I. Put each sentence into the plural:

1. A cat eats meat.
2. A dog hates a cat.
3. A writer writes a book.
4. An apple grows on a tree.
Answer:
Cats eat meat.
2. Dogs hate cats.
3. Writers write books
4. Apples grow on trees.

II. Put each sentence into the singular:

1. Houses have roofs.
2. Postmen wear caps.
3. They drink tea out of cups.
4. Classrooms have blackboards.
Answer:
1. A house has a roof.
2. A postman wears a cap.
3. He/She drinks tea out of a cup.
4. A classroom has a blackboard.

Framing Negative Questions

We use do not + V₁ for I, you and a Plural subject; as-
1. They do not learn their lessons.
2. You do not do your homework daily.
3. We do not buy milk from this dairy.

We use does not + V₁ for third person Singular subject; as
1. She does not waste her time.
2. Rita does not cook delicious food.
3. Mr. Singh does not teach us English.

Exercise (Solved)

Rewrite each sentence as a Negative:
1. Ram goes home for lunch.
2. I like coffee.
3. She looks beautiful.
4. These boys run fast.
5. We go for a walk daily.
6. You obey your teachers.
7. He takes care of his health.
8. “They take tea in the evening.
Answer:
1. Ram does not go home for lunch.
2. I do not like coffee.
3. She does not look beautiful.
4. These boys do not run fast.
5. We do not go for a walk daily.
6. You do not obey your teachers.
7. He does not take care of his health.
8. They do not take tea in the evening.

Framing Questions

We use the following sentence pattern:
Do + Plural subject + V₁ + Complement ?
Does + third person Singular subject + V₁ + Complement ?

Exercise (Solved)

Rewrite each sentence as a Question:

1. Owls hoot at night.
2. They work on Sundays.
3. Children play on the road.
4. A postman delivers letters.
5. Farmers grow crops for us.
6. Mosquitoes spread Malaria.
7. She helps her mother in the kitchen.
8. Your brother knows many people in this town.
Answer:
1. Do owls hoot at night ?
2. Do they work on Sundays ?
3. Do children play on the road ?
4. Does a postman, deliver letters ?
5. Do farmers grow crops for us ?
6. Do mosquitoes spread Malaria ?
7. Does she help her mother in the kitchen ?
8. Does your brother know many people in this town?

Framing Negative Questions

We can put not before the main verb or in short form after the helping verb; as-

1. Does Rani not tell lies ?
= Doesn’t Rani tell lies ?

2. Do you not take a bath daily ?
= Don’t you take a bath daily ?

Exercise (Solved)

Rewrite each sentence as a Negative Question:

1. Do cows live on grass ?
Do cows not live on grass ?
(or)
Don’t cows live on grass ?

Note : Do not = Don’t
Does not = Doesn’t

2. She does not like coffee.
3. The sun rises in the east.
4. Do they come here daily ?
5. Does Kusha bring flowers ?
6. We do not pluck the flowers.
7. Does Nitin obey his parents ?
8. He does not drive his car very fast.
9. These boys do not respect their teachers.
Answer:
2. Does she not like coffee ?
Or
Doesn’t she like coffee ?
3. Does the sun not rise in the east ?
4. Do they not come here daily ?
Or
Don’t they come here daily ?
5. Does Kusha not bring flowers ?
6. Do we not pluck the flowers ?
7. Does Nitin not obey his parents ?
8. Does he not drive his car very fast ?
9. Do these boys not respect their teachers ?

2. Past Indefinite Tense

Past Indefinite Tense is used to express an action which took place in the past or was completed before the time of speaking; as-
Past Indefinite Tense का प्रयोग बीते समय (भूतकाल) में हुई क्रिया के लिए किया जाता है जो उसके बारे में बात करने से पहले ही पूरी हो गई हो।

1. Simi liked ice cream.
2. Rohan went to the market.

For Positive Statements in this tense, we use V₁ with all subjects (singular or plural); as-

1. He worked hard.
2. We took milk in the morning today.
3. I bought this book last week.

Exercise (Solved)

Rewrite each sentence using the Past form of the given verbs:

1. Rahul (want) a shirt.
2. Deepa (eat) an ice cream.
3. Nancy (wear) simple clothes.
4. Raj (come) to India in March.
5. They (build) a house in Delhi.
6. The boys (laugh) at the beggar.
7. I (go) to the market with my friend.
8. My mother (buy) a new dress for me.
Answer:
1. Rahul wanted a shirt.
2. Deepa ate an ice cream.
3. Nancy wore simple clothes.
4. Raj came to India in March.
5. They built a house in Delhi.
6. The boys laughed at the beggar.
7. I went to the market with my friend.
8. My mother bought a new dress for me.

Negative Statements

We use did not + V₁ for all subjects (singular or plural); as-

1. He did not work hard.
2. We did not take milk in the morning today.
3. I did not buy this book last week.

Please note that did always take V₁ form with it; it never takes V₂ form.

Exercise (Solved)

Rewrite each sentence as a Negative:

1. Misha told the truth.
Misha did not tell the truth.
2. He took my pen.
3. Tony polished his shoes.
4. She cooked food for me.
5. Rohan respected his teachers.
6. They finished their work in time.
7. The naughty boys broke the glass.
8. Ranjan and his friends went for a picnic.
Answer:
2. He did not take my pen.
3. Tony did not polish his shoes.
4. She did not cook food for me.
5. Rohan did not respect his teachers.
6. They did not finish their work in time.
7. The naughty boys did not break the glass.
8. Ranjan and his friends did not go for a picnic.

For Questions

We use the following sentence pattern:

Exercise (Solved)

Rewrite each sentence as a Question:

1. Nancy danced at the party.
Did Nancy dance at the party ?
2. He invited us to dinner.
3. My uncle sent me a gift.
4. Our team won the match.
5. You paid your fees yesterday.
6. We spent our holidays at Shimla.
7. They plucked flowers in the garden.
8. Sonu broke his leg in the accident.
Answer:
2. Did he invite us to dinner ?
3. Did my uncle send me a gift ?
4. Did our team win the match ?
5. Did you pay your fees yesterday ?
6. Did we spend our holidays at Shimla ?
7. Did they pluck flowers in the garden ?
8. Did Sonu break his leg in the accident ?

For Negative Questions

We can put not before the main verb or in short form after the helping verb; as
1. Did she not tell lies ?
= Didn’t she tell lies ?

2. Did you not apply for the post ?
= Didn’t you apply for the post ?

Exercise (Solved)

Rewrite each sentence as a Negative Question:

1. Did the peon ring the bell ?
Did the peon not ring the bell ?
(or)
Didn’t the peon ring the bell ?
2. Did he tell a lie ?
3. We called him a fool.
4. Reeta ate all biscuits.
5. Did she reply your letter ?
6. Your sister painted this picture.
7. Did she finish her work in time ?
8. Did they congratulate you on your success ?
Answer:
2. Did he not tell a lie ?
(or)
Didn’t he tell a lie ?
3. Did we not call him a fool ?
4. Did Reeta not eat all biscuits ?
5. Did she not reply your letter ?
6. Did your sister not paint this picture ?
7. Did she not finish her work in time ?
8. Did they not congratulate you on your success ?

3. Present Continuous Tense

Present Continuous Tense is used to express an action that is going on at the time of speaking; as-

1. Radha is doing her homework.
2. Mona is cooking food in the kitchen.

The italicised words express an action which is going on at present. So we can say these sentences are in the Present Continuous Tense.

Positive Statements (is/am/are + V₁ -ing)

1. I am flying a kite.
2. She is doing her work.
3. They are reading a new lesson.

Negative Statements (is/am/are + not + V₁ -ing)

1. I am not flying a kite.
2. She is not doing her work.
3. They are not reading a new lesson.

Questions
(Helping verb before the Subject)

1. Am I flying a kite ?
2. Is she doing her work ?
3. Are they reading a new lesson ?

Negative Questions

(‘not is used before the main verb or in short form after the helping verb)

1. Am I not flying a kite ?
= An’t I flying a kite ?
(We use an’t in spoken language only.)

2. Is she not doing her work ?
= Isn’t she doing her work ?

3. Are they not reading a new lesson ?
= Aren’t they reading a new lesson ?

Exercises (Solved)

I. Use the Present Continuous Tense to complete each sentence:

1. Mona …………… a test. (take)
2. I ………. my breakfast. (have)
3. The hunter …………. the lion. (kill)
4. The trees …………… their leaves. (shed)
5. The farmers ……….. their fields. (water)
6. The pain in my arm ………… worse. (get)
7. The tailors………… the uniforms. (not make)
Answer:
1. Mona is taking a test.
2. I am having my breakfast.
3. The hunter is killing the lion.
4. The trees are shedding their leaves.
5. The farmers are watering their fields.
6. The pain in my arm is getting worse.
7. The tailors are not making the uniforms.

II. Rewrite each sentence as a question:

1. I am reading a book.
2. She is not doing her work.
3. They are watching a movie.
4. You are not listening to me.
5. We are going for a picnic today.
6. The girls are playing in the park.
7. The boys are not teasing the animals.
Answer:
1. Am I reading a book ?
2. Is she not doing her work ?
3. Are they watching a movie ?
4. Are you not listening to me ?
5. Aren’t we going for a picnic today?
6. Are the girls playing in the park ?
7. Are the boys not teasing the animals ?

4. Past Continuous Tense

The Past Continuous tense is used to express an action which was actually taking place at some particular moment (विशेष क्षण/समय पर) in the past.

Positive Statements
We use was/were + V₁ -ing; as-

1. Harjit was reading a book.
2. They were going to the fair.

Negative Statements
We use was/were + not + V₁ -ing; as-

1. Harjit was not reading a book.
2. They were not going to the fair.

Questions
We put the helping verb before the subject; as-

1. Was Harjit reading a book ?
2. Were they going to the fair ?

Negative Questions
We can put ‘not before the main verb or in short form after the helping verb; as-
1. Was Harjit not reading a book ?
= Wasn’t Harjit reading a book ?

2. Were they not going to the fair ?
= Weren’t they going to the fair ?

Exercises (Solved)

I. Complete each sentence using the Past Continuous Tense:

1. Children ………….. in the bushes. (hide)
2. They ………. through the zoo. (walk).
3. The waiter ……….. the people. (serve)
4. Meera …………. with her friends. (not play)
5. The baby ………. all the morning. (not cry)
6. The dancers ………… on the stage. (not perform)
Answer:
1. Children were hiding in the bushes.
2. They were walking through the zoo.
3. The waiter was serving the people.
4. Meera was not playing with her friends.
5. The baby was not crying all the morning.
6. The dancers were not performing on the stage.

II. Rewrite each sentence as a question:

1. The peon was ringing the bell.
2. We were not going to our village.
3. The boys were wearing red turbans.
4. Hema was not working at that time.
5. The children were playing in the street.
6. The teacher was writing on the blackboard.
7. The little girl was not playing with her doll.
8. Anu and Rosy were not talking to each other.
Answer:
1. Was the peon ringing the bell ?
2. Were we not going to our village ?
3. Were the boys wearing red turbans ?
4. Was Hema not working at that time?
5. Were the children playing in the street ?
6. Was the teacher writing on the blackboard ?
7. Was the little girl not playing with her doll ?
8. Were Anu and Rosy not talking to each other?

Miscellaneous Exercises

I. Use Simple Past form of the given verb to complete each sentence:

1. Did you ………….. this film ? (enjoy)
2. Did Roma …………. this picture ? (paint)
3. Columbus ……….. America in 1492. (discover)
4. She ………. to her village last month. (go)
5. The peon ……….. (not) the bell in time. (ring)
6. The fool didn’t ………. from experience. (learn)
Hints.
1. enjoy
2. paint
3. discovered
4. went
5. did not ring
6. learn.

II. Use Simple Present form of the given verb to complete each sentence:

1. I …….. for a walk daily. (go)
2. The sun …………… in the east. (rise)
3. They ……………. (not) bad workers. (like)
4. Kusha …………. (not) her parents. (obey)
5. Teachers …………… good students. (love)
6. We ………… milk and eggs for breakast.
Hints:
1. go
2. rises
3. do not like
4. does not obey
5. love
6. take

III. Rewrite each sentence in Past Indefinite Tense:

1. The bird flies to its nest.
2. They drink coffee every day.
3. Does he pay his fees regularly ?
4. Do you have milk for breakfast ?
5. Do we not fall ill by over-eating ?
6. You do not finish your work in time.
7. Kusha does not wear simple clothes.
8. Does he not help his friends in need ?
Answer:
1. The bird flew to its nest.
2. They drank coffee every day.
3. Did he pay his fees regularly ?
4. Did you have milk for breakfast ?
5. Did we not fall ill by over-eating ?
6. You did not finish your work in time.
7. Kusha did not wear simple clothes.
8. Did he not help his friends in need ?

IV. Rewrite each sentence in Past Continuous Tense:

1. Isn’t it raining heavily ?
2. We are waiting for the bus.
3. The teacher is teaching the children.
4. I am not living with my aunt these days.
5. They are not going home in the evening.
6. Is the lady knitting a sweater for her son ?
7. Aren’t Anu and Manu playing in the street ?
8. Am I wasting my time in watching Discovery Channel ?
Answer:
1. Wasn’t it raining heavily?
2. We were waiting for the bus.
3. The teacher was teaching the children.
4. I was not living with my aunt these days.
5. They were not going home in the evening.
6. Was the lady knitting a sweater for her son ?
7. Weren’t Anu and Manu playing in the street ?
8. Was I wasting my time in watching Discovery Channel ?

V. Rewrite each sentence in Present Continuous Tense:

1. Do you not speak the truth?
2. The students ask many questions.
3. I sit on the front bench in my class.
4. Does Kamla teach dance and music ?
5. These boys do not respect their elders.
6. She does not play with the poor children.
Answer:
1. Are you not speaking the truth?
2. The students are asking many questions.
3. I am sitting on the front bench in my class.
4. Is Kamla teaching dance and music ?
5. These boys are not respecting their elders.
6. She is not playing with the poor children.

VI. Rewrite each sentence in Past Continuous Tense:

1. The girls did not pluck flowers.
2. Did the peon not ring the bell ?
3. Did Ram break the windowpanes ?
4. My friends talked to me in English.
5. The watchman did not open the gate.
6. He spent all his money in good deeds.
Answer:
1. The girls were not plucking flowers.
2. Was the peon not ringing the bell ?
3. Was Ram breaking the windowpanes.
4. My friends were talking to me in English.
5. The watchman was not opening the gate.
6. He was spending all his money in good deeds.

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class English Book Solutions Chapter 4 The Peacock and the Crow Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 English Chapter 4 The Peacock and the Crow

Activity 1.

Look up the following words in a dictionary. You should seek the following information about the words and put them in your WORDS notebook.

1. Meaning of the word as used in the lesson (Adjective / Noun / Verb etc.).
2. Pronunciation (The teacher may refer to the dictionary or the mobile phone for correct pronunciation).
3. Spellings

feathers	perching	collected
reflection	ignoring	humiliated
accepted	realized	apologized

Vocabulary Expansion

Activity 2.

Look at the following pairs of words. They have the same meaning but different forms. Column 1 has the second form and column 2 has the first form. Fill up blank spaces in Column 2 with the first form of the given words. A few have been done for you.


Answer:

S.No.	Column 1 second form words	Column 2 first form words
1.	lived	live
2.	liked	like
3.	wanted	want
4.	looked	look
5.	said	say
6.	wished	wish
7.	saw	see
8.	got	get
9.	collected	collect
10.	stuck	stick
11.	flew	fly
12.	felt	feel
13.	started	start
14.	accepted	accept
15.	thought	think

Learning to Read and Comprehend

Activity 3.

Read and write answers.

Question 1.
What did the crow not like about himself ?
कौए को अपनी क्या चीज़ पसंद नहीं थी ?
Answer:
The crow did not like his black feathers.

Question 2.
Who did he want to be like? Why ?
वह किस जैसा बनना चाहता था और क्यों ?
Answer:
He wanted to be like a peacock because a peacock is a beautiful bird.

Question 3.
What did he say to the other crows ?
उसने अन्य कौओं से क्या कहा?
Answer:
He told the other crows that he did not belong to them. He asked them to stay away from him.

Question 4.
What did the crow see on the ground ?.
कौए ने धरती पर क्या देखा?
Answer:
The crow saw many peacock feathers on the ground.

Question 5.
What did he do with the peacock feathers ?
उसने मोर के पंखों का क्या किया?
Answer:
He stuck them into his wings, his tail and on this head.

Activity 4.

1 Who said to whom ?

1. “You look so dull and plain. Look how beautiful the peacocks are.”
2. “Look at my beautiful feathers. I don’t belong to you anymore. So, stay away from me”.
3. “Peacock feathers will not make you a peacock.”
4. “We should accept ourselves the way we are.”
5. “You will not be able to fly properly with these stuck on your body”.
Answer:
1. The crow to his fellow crows.
2. The crow to his fellow crows.
3. The peacocks to the crow.
4. The old wise crow to the crow.
5. The old wise crow to the crow.

Activity 5.

Complete the sentences in the following blanks.

1. One day perching on his tree,
Hints : …………….. the crow saw many peacock feathers on the ground.

2. The crow flew to the river to
Hints : …………….. see his reflection.

3. The peacocks knew that
Hints : …………..he was not one among them. He was a crow.

4. He tore off the entire peacock feathers
Hints : ………………. that were stuck to his feathers.

5. Then, he went to his friends
Hints : …………… and apologized for insulting them.
नोट : विद्यार्थी पूरा वाक्य लिखें।

Learning Language

Preposition

A preposition is a word placed before a Noun or Pronoun to indicate place, direction.
किसी Noun या Pronoun से पहले प्रयोग होने वाला शब्द, जो स्थान दिशा आदि दर्शाता है को Preposition कहते है|
on in, into, upon, between, among, under, in front of, beside, behind, आदि शब्द Prepositions है।

Punctuation
In this lesson, we will continue with punctuation and concentrate on Full stop, Comma, Question Mark and Exclamation mark.
1. The full ( . ) stop is used in the following cases (स्थितियों) :
(a) to mark the end of an assertive or imperative sentence such as :
(i) The baby is sleeping. (assertive or positive)
(ii) Don’t make a noise here. (imperative-order or request)
(b) to mark the abbreviations such as M.A., P.M.
(c) to mark the initials such as Mr. J.D. Kohli, Mrs. B. Sharma

2. The comma (,) is used in the following cases :
(a) to separate words from each other :
1. She is a tall, pretty and gentle girl.
2. Meera has pens, pencils papers and books.
3. We do our work neatly, quickly and correctly.
4. My brother was born on Friday, March 26, 1984.
A comma is generally not used before ‘and’.
प्रायः ‘and’ से पहले comma तही लगया जात |

3. Question Mark (?) is used at the end of a question.

1. What is your name?
2. Do you have an umbrella ?
3. She is beautiful, isn’t She ?
4. Did Saawan go to Mumbai ?

4. Exclamation mark (!) is used to show shock, surprise or happiness, sadness, etc.
1. What a lovely place !
2. She is beautiful !
3. Wow!
4. Oh!
4. Hurray!

Activity 6.

Put comma, fullstops, capitals, question marks in the sentences given below wherever required.
1. my name is ali and i come form malerkotla
2. my favourite color is blue what is yours
3. i have a dog its name is caesar
4. my sisters name is manju she is sixty four.
5. my phone number is 260086 ·
6. her uncle hemant is from gurdaspur in punjab
7. i am not from chandigarh, i am from ludhiana in punjab
8. kumar is from australia he lives in melbourne
9. do you like tea or coffee
10. please get biscuits vegetables fruits and some nuts from the market
Answer:
1. My name is Ali and I come from Malerkotla.
2. My favourite color is blue. What is yours?
3. I have a dog. Its name is Caesar.
4. My sister’s name is Manju. She is sixty four.
5. My phone number is 260086.
6. Her uncle, Hemant is from Gurdaspur in Punjab.
7. I am not from Chandigarh; I am from Ludhiana in Punjab.
8. Kumar is from Australia. He lives in Melbourne.
9. Do you like tea or coffee ?
10. Please get biscuits, vegetables, fruits and some nuts from the market.

Reading a short Passage

Activity 7.

Read the following story.
Self Realisation A lioness died soon after giving birth to a cub. A mother sheep saw the cub and felt pity for it. She raised the cub among her lambs. However, the naughty lambs made fun of him for his different looks. The cub felt sad about this.

One day, a lion attacked the herd. He was surprised to see the cub running away with the herd. He caught the cub and roared angrily. “Why are you running with the sheep ?” he asked the cub. The cub was scared. He said, “Please don’t kill me. I am a very young lamb.”‘

The lion dragged the cub to a river. “Look at your reflection,”he roared. The cub was surprised. He realized that he was not a sheep but a mighty lion. He became so happy that he started roaring like a lion. One should keep trying to realize one’s worth and hidden skills. Success lies in knowing yourself like the young cub.

1. Answer the following

1. Who raised the cub ?
2. Why was the cub not happy ?
3. What did the cub do on seeing the lion ?
4. What did the lion do?
5. What did the cub see in the river ?

Answer:
1. A mother sheep raised the cub.
2. The cub was not happy because the naughty lambs made fun of him.
3. He started running with the herd of sheep.
4. The lion caught the cub and asked him why he was running.
5. The cub saw his reflection in the river.

2. Fill in the blanks using a word from the passage.
1. The cub realized that it was not a …………….. but a ……………
2. We should try to realize our …………….. and ……………… skills.
3. One should keep ……………. to realize one’s …………….. and hidden ……………
Answer:
1. sheep, mighty lion,
2. worth, hidden,
3. trying, skills.

3. Choose the correct option :

Question 1.
The cub saw his reflection and realized that it was a ………
(a) lion
(b) tiger
(c) sheep
(d) wolf
Answer:
(a) lion

Question 2.
The lion caught the cub. What did he say to the cub ?
(a) Why are you running with the sheep ?
(b) Please don’t kill me.
(c) I am a very young lamb.
(d) You are a lion.
Answer:
(a) Why are you running with the sheep ?

Learning to Listen

Activity 8.

Dictation of words
The teacher will give students dictation of 10 words from the text. Students will write them in their notebooks.
Note : Do it yourself.

Learning to Speak

Activity 9 (Pairwork)

Speak the words used for dictation aloud with proper pronunciation.
Note : Do it yourself. Learning to Write

Activity 10.

Look at the picture given below and describe it in your words.
For the description, you may use the following words / phrases.
1. forest
2. trees
3. crow
4. fox
5. a piece of
6. cheese
Answer:
This is a lovely forest. There are many tall trees in it. A crow is sitting in a tree. He has a piece of cheese in its beak. There is a fox under the tree. It wants to get that piece. It will flatter the crow to sing. When the crow opens its beak, the piece of cheese will fall down. The fox will take it away to eat.

Comprehension Of Passages

Read the given passages and answer the Questions that follow each :

(1) Once there lived a crow who did not like his black feathers. He wanted to be like a peacock because the colourful feathers of the peacock looked very beautiful. “You look so dull and plain. Look how beautiful the peacocks are. I wish I were a peacock.” he would say to other crows.

One day, perching on his tree, the crow saw many peacock feathers on the ground. The feathers looked very beautiful. Seeing those peacock feathers, he got an idea. He collected all the feathers and stuck them into his wings and the tail. He also put a few on his head to look like a peacock. He flew to a river to see his reflection.

(i) Why did the crow want to be like a peacock ?
कौआ मोर जैसा क्यों बनना चाहता था ?

(ii) What did he do with the peacock feathers ?
उसने मोर के पंखों का क्या किया ?

(iii) Choose true or false statements and write them in your answer book :
(a) The crow had beautiful feathers.
(b) The feathers of a peacock are colourful.

(iv) Complete the following sentences according to the meaning of the passage :
(a) The crow saw many peacock feathers ——-
(b) He collected all the feathers and ——- wings.
Or
Match the words with their meanings :

(a) perch	sleep
(b) reflection	sit
	shadow

Answer:
(i) The crow wanted to be like a peacock because the colourful feathers of the peacock looked very beautiful.
(ii) He stuck the peacock feathers to his body.
(iii)
(a) False
(b) True.
(iv)
(a) The crow saw many peacock feathers on the ground.
(b) He collected all the feathers and stuck them into his wings.
Or.
(a) perch — sit
(b) reflection — shadow

(2) “Now I am also as beautiful as a peacock,” he said to himself. He thought that now he should live among the peacocks. So, he went to join the pride of peacocks but peacocks laughed at him. They did not accept him. The peacocks knew that he was not one among them.

He was a crow. “Peacock feathers will not make you a peacock,” they said to him.Sad and feeling insulted, he thought that his crow friends would be happy to see his new feathers. He returned to his fellow crows. None of his fellow crows accepted him.

They did not want him back because he had insulted them earlier. They also knew that he had been insulted by the peacocks. They also started laughing at him. They looked at his feathers and laughed at his face.

(i) Why did the crow think of living among the peacocks ?
कौए ने मोरों के बीच रहने की क्यों सोची ?

(ii) Why did his fellow crows not want him back ?
उसके साथी कौए उसकी वापिसी क्यों नहीं चाहते थे ?

(iii) Choose true or false statements and write them in your answer book :
(a) Peacock feathers will make a crow peacock.
(b) The fellow crows laughed at the crow when he came back.

(iv) Complete the following sentences according to the meaning of the passage :
(a) None of his fellow crows ………
(b) They looked at his feathers and …………
Or
Match the words with their meanings :

(a) Accept	make fun
(b) Laugh at	to be happy
	own

Answer:
(i) The crow thought so because he thought that he was as beautiful as a peacock.
(ii) His fellow crows did not want him back because he had insulted them earlier.
(iii)
(a) False
(b) True
(iv)
(a) None of his fellow crows accepted him.
(b) They looked at his feathers and laughed at his face.
Or
(a) Accept — own
(b) Laugh at — make fun

(3) Then, an old and wise crow came and told him, “We should accept ourselves the way we are. Don’t try to copy others, blindly. Peacock feathers are good for peacocks only. For crows the peacock feathers are heavy. You will not be able to fly properly with these stuck on your body. I hope you have learnt your lesson.”

The crow realized his mistake. Though he thought that he was looking handsome, he found it difficult to fly properly. He tore off the entire peacock feathers that were stuck to his feathers. He accepted his plain self. Then, he went to his friends and apologized for insulting them. They accepted him and became friends again. The crow was finally happy.

(i) What was the advise of the wise crow ? Write two sentences.
बुद्धिमान कौए की क्या शिक्षा थी ? दो वाक्य लिखें।

(ii) Why did the crow tear off his peacock feathers ?
कौए ने अपने मोर पंख क्यों उखाड़ फेंके ?

(iii) Choose true or false statements and write them in your answer book :
(a) The crow thought that he was looking handsome.
(b) The crow found it easy to fly properly.

(iv) Complete the following sentences according to the meaning of the passage.
(a) He accepted his ……………..
(b) They accepted him and ………..
Or
Match the words with their meanings :

(a) realized	insulted
(b) tore off	removed
	accepted

Answer:
(i) His advise was : We should accept ourselves as we are. Don’t try to copy others.
(ii) He tore off his peacock feathers because he realized his mistake. He could not fly properly with peacock feathers.
(iii)
(a) True
(b) False
(iv)
(a) He accepted his plain self.
(b) They accepted him and became friends again.
Or
(a) realized – accepted
(b) tore off – removed.

Use Of Words/Phrases In Sentences

1. Apologise (say sorry) —
He apologised for his mistake.
उसने अपनी गलती पर खेद व्यक्त किया।

2. Laugh at (make fun) —
Don’t laugh at the poor.
गरीबों का मज़ाक मत उड़ाओ।

3. Accept (own/acknowledge) —
He accepted his mistake.
उसने अपनी गलती स्वीकार कर.ली।

4. Feathers (wings) —
The peacock has beautiful feathers.
मोर के पंख सुंदर होते हैं।

5. Ignore (neglect) —
Don’t ignore your studies.
अपनी पढ़ाई की उपेक्षा मत करो।

6. Perch (sit) —
Many sparrows are perching on the ground.
धरती पर बहुत सी चिड़ियां बैठी हैं।

7. Feel proud (take pride in) —
Don’t feel proud of your riches.
अपनी अमीरी पर अहंकार मत करो।

8. Entire (whole ) —
The entire hall was full.
पूरा हाल भरा हुआ था।

9. Realize (feel) —
She soon realized her mistake.
उसे जल्दी ही अपनी गल्ती का अहसास हो गया।

10. Handsome (pretty) —
My elder brother is very handsome.
मेरा बड़ा भाई बहुत सुंदर है।

Word Meanings:

The Peacock and the Crow Summary in Hindi

Once there lived …………………. was a crow.

एक बार एक कौआ था जिसे अपने काले पंख अच्छे नहीं लगते थे। वह मोर जैसा बनना चाहता था क्योंकि उसे मोर के रंग-बिरंगे पंख बहुत ही सुंदर लगते थे। वह दूसरे कौओं से कहता, “तुम बहुत ही नीरस और साधारण दिखते हो। देखो मोर कितने सुंदर हैं। काश मैं मोर होता।” एक दिन कौआ अपने पेड़ की शाखा पर बैठा था तभी उसने बहुत से मोर पंख ज़मीन पर पड़े देखे। पंख बहुत ही सुंदर लग रहे थे।

मोर के पंखों को देखकर उसे एक विचार सूझा। उसने सारे पंखों को इकट्ठा किया और उसे अपने पंखों तथा पूंछ पर लगा लिया। उसने कुछ पंख अपने सिर पर भी लगा लिए ताकि वह मोर जैसा दिखाई दे। वह अपनी परछाई देखने के लिए नदी की ओर उड़ चला। उसने खुशी से कहा, “वाह! अब मैं मोर जैसा सुंदर दिखता हूँ।”उसने अपने आप से कहा, “अब मैं मोर जितना सुंदर हूँ।”

उसने सोचा कि अब उसे मोरों के साथ रहना चाहिए। इसलिए वह मोरों के झुंड में शामिल होने के लिए चला गया परन्तु मोर उस पर हंसने लगे। उन्होंने उसे अपनाया नहीं। मोर जानते थे कि वह उनके जैसा नहीं है। वह एक कौआ है।

Peacock feathers ………………. was finally happy.

उन्होंने उससे कहा, “मोर पंख तुम्हें मोर नहीं बना देंगे।” उदासी और अपमान (शर्मिंदगी) से भर कर उसने सोचा कि उसके कौए दोस्त उसके नए पंखों को देखकर खुश होंगे। वह अपने साथी कौओं के पास वापिस आ गया। उसके साथी कौओं में से किसी ने भी उसे अपना स्वीकार नहीं किया। वह नहीं चाहते थे कि वह वापिस आए क्योंकि वह पहले उनकी बेइज्जती कर चुका था। वे यह भी जानते थे कि मोरों ने उसकी बेइज्जती की हैं।

उन्होंने भी उस पर हंसना शुरु कर दिया। उन्होंने उसके पंखों को देखा और उसके सामने उसका मजाक उड़ाने लगे। तभी एक बुद्धिमान बूढ़ा कौआ आ गया और उसे कहां, “हम जैसे हैं हमें अपने आप को वैसा ही स्वीकार करना चाहिए। आँख मूंद कर दूसरों की नकल मत करो। मौरो के पंख केवल मोरों के लिए ही अच्छे हैं। कौओं के लिए मोर पंख भारी हैं।

उन्हें अपने शरीर पर लगा कर तुम ठीक ढंग से नहीं उड़ सकते। मुझे आशा है कि तुम्हें अपना सबक मिल चुका है।” कौए ने अपनी गलती स्वीकार कर ली। यद्यपि वह सोचता था कि वह सुन्दर दिख रहा है फिर भी उसके लिए उड़ पाना कठिन था। उसने अपने पंखों पर लगे सभी मोर पंख उखाड़ फेंके।

उसने अपने आपको साधारण (सादा) रूप में स्वीकर कर लिया। तब वह अपने मित्रों के पास गया और उनसे अपने द्वारा की गई बेइज्जती के लिए माफी मांगी। उन्होंने उसे अपना लिया और वे मित्र बन गए। अंततः कौआ खुश हो गया ।

Retranslation Of Isolated Sentences

1. He wanted to be like a peacock. — वह मोर जैसे दिखाई देना चाहता था।
2. You look so dull and plain. — तुम बहुत ही नीरस और साधारण दिखते हों।
3. The crow saw many peacock feathers on the ground. — कौए ने बहुत सारे मोर पंख ज़मीन पर पड़े देखे।
4. I look as beautiful as a peacock. — मैं मोर की तरह सुंदर लगता हूँ।
5. I don’t belong to you any more. — अब मेरा तुमसे कोई (संबंध) नाता नहीं है।
6. Peacock feathers will not make you a peacock. — मोर पंख तुम्हें मोर नहीं बना देंगे।
7. He returned to his fellow crows. — वह अपने साथी कौओं के पास वापिस आ गया।
8. We should accept ourselves the way we are. — हम जैसे हैं हमें अपने आपको वैसा ही स्वीकार कर लेना चाहिए।
9. I hope you have learnt your lesson. — मुझे आशा है कि तुम्हें अपना सबक मिल चुका है।
10. The crow realized his mistake. — कौए ने अपनी गलती मान ली।
11. The crow was finally happy.– अंतत: कौआ खुश हो गया।

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Punjabi Book Solutions Punjabi Grammar Nanva ਨਾਂਵ Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB 6th Class Hindi Punjabi Grammar ਨਾਂਵ

ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ 1.
ਨਾਂਵ ਕੀ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ ?
ਉੱਤਰ :
ਨਾਂਵ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਆਖਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ ; ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਰਾਹੀਂ ਅਸੀਂ ਚੀਜ਼ਾਂ, ਮਨੁੱਖਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਥਾਂਵਾਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਂ ਲੈਂਦੇ ਹਾਂ ; ਜਿਵੇਂ-ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ, ਸੁਰਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ, ਜਮਾਤ, ਸ਼ਹਿਰ, ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ, ਸੋਨਾ, ਮਿੱਟੀ, ਮਿਠਾਸ, ਕੁੜੱਤਣ ਆਦਿ ।

ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ 2.
ਨਾਂਵ ਕਿੰਨੀ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਦੇ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ ? ਉਦਾਹਰਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਕੇ ਦੱਸੋ ।
ਉੱਤਰ :
ਨਾਂਵ ਪੰਜ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਦੇ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ-
1. ਆਮ ਨਾਂਵ ਜਾਂ ਜਾਤੀਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ :
ਜਿਹੜੇ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਕਿਸੇ ਸਮੁੱਚੀ ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ ਜਾਂ ਜਿਣਸ ਲਈ ਵਰਤੇ ਜਾਣ, ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਆਮ ਨਾਂਵ ਜਾਂ ਜਾਤੀਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ , ਜਿਵੇਂ-ਕਪਤਾਨ, ਪੁਸਤਕ, ਮਨੁੱਖ, ਨਗਰ, ਮੁੰਡਾ, ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ, ਆਦਮੀ, ਪਿੰਡ, ਸ਼ਹਿਰ, ਦਰਿਆ, ਘੋੜਾ

2. ਖ਼ਾਸ ਨਾਂਵ ਜਾਂ ਨਿੱਜਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ :
ਜਿਹੜੇ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਕਿਸੇ ਖ਼ਾਸ ਪੁਰਖ, ਇਸਤਰੀ ਜਾਂ ਥਾਂ ਦਾ ਨਾਂ ਪ੍ਰਗਟ ਕਰਨ, ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ‘ਖ਼ਾਸ ਨਾਂਵ ਜਾਂ “ਨਿੱਜਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ” ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਜਿਵੇਂਜਲੰਧਰ, ਗੁਰਮੀਤ, ਪੰਜਾਬ, ਸੁਰਜ, ਅਮਰੀਕਾ, ਅਕਾਸ਼, ਸਤਲੁਜ, ਬਿਆਸ, ਰਾਵੀ, ਚੰਡੀਗੜ੍ਹ, ਜੰਡਿਆਲਾ, ਗੁਰੂ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਿੰਘ, ਆਨੰਦਪੁਰ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਆਦਿ ।

3. ਇਕੱਠਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ :
ਜਿਹੜੇ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਗਿਣਨਯੋਗ ਵਸਤੁਆਂ ਦੇ ਇਕੱਠ ਜਾਂ ਸਮੂਹ ਲਈ ਵਰਤੇ ਜਾਣ, ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ‘ਇਕੱਠਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ” ਆਖਦੇ ਹਨ ; ਜਿਵੇਂ-ਟੀਮ, ਜਮਾਤ, ਸਭਾ, ਝੰਡ, ਮੰਡਲੀ, ਡਾਰ, ਹੇੜ, ਢੇਰ, ਕਮੇਟੀ, ਵੱਗ, ਕਤਾਰ, ਪਰਜਾ, ਲੋਕ ਆਦਿ ।

4. ਵਸਤੂਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ :
ਜਿਹੜੇ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਚੀਜ਼ਾਂ ਲਈ ਵਰਤੇ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ, ਜੋ ਕੇਵਲ ਤੋਲੀਆਂ ਜਾਂ ਮਿਲੀਆਂ ਹੀ ਜਾ ਸਕਣ, ਪਰ ਗਿਣੀਆਂ ਨਾ ਜਾ ਸਕਣ, ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ “ਵਸਤਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ’ ਆਖਦੇ ਹਨ ; ਜਿਵੇਂ-ਸੋਨਾ, ਚਾਂਦੀ, ਪਾਣੀ, ਰੇਤ, ਲੋਹਾ, ਤੇਲ, ਖੰਡ, ਪੱਥਰ, ਸ਼ਰਬਤ, ਪਾਣੀ ਆਦਿ ।

5. ਭਾਵਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ :
ਜਿਹੜੀਆਂ ਚੀਜ਼ਾਂ ਨਾ ਦੇਖੀਆਂ ਜਾ ਸਕਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ, ਤੇ ਨਾ ਹੀ ਫੜੀਆਂ ਜਾ ਸਕਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ, ਕੇਵਲ ਅਨੁਭਵ ਹੀ ਕੀਤੀਆਂ ਜਾ ਸਕਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ, ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਲਈ ਵਰਤੇ ਜਾਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਨੂੰ ‘ਭਾਵਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ ਕਿਹਾ ਹੈ ; ਜਿਵੇਂ-ਮਿਠਾਸ, ਖ਼ੁਸ਼ੀ, ਗ਼ਮੀ, ਕੁੜੱਤਣ, ਜੁਆਨੀ, ਪਿਆਰ, ਸੇਵਾ, ਸੱਚ, ਪੁੰਨ, ਪਾਪ, ਦੁੱਖ, ਬਿਮਾਰੀ, ਹਾਸਾ, ਕਮਜ਼ੋਰੀ ਆਦਿ ।

ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ 3.
ਹੇਠ ਲਿਖਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਪਰਿਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਲਿਖੋ
(ਉ) ਵਸਤੂਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ
(ਅ) ਇੱਕਠਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ
(ਈ) ਭਾਵਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ ।
ਉੱਤਰ :

(ਉ) ਵਸਤੂਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ :
ਜਿਹੜੇ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਚੀਜ਼ਾਂ ਲਈ ਵਰਤੇ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ, ਜੋ ਕੇਵਲ ਤੋਲੀਆਂ ਜਾਂ ਮਿਲੀਆਂ ਹੀ ਜਾ ਸਕਣ, ਪਰ ਗਿਣੀਆਂ ਨਾ ਜਾ ਸਕਣ, ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ “ਵਸਤਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ’ ਆਖਦੇ ਹਨ ; ਜਿਵੇਂ-ਸੋਨਾ, ਚਾਂਦੀ, ਪਾਣੀ, ਰੇਤ, ਲੋਹਾ, ਤੇਲ, ਖੰਡ, ਪੱਥਰ, ਸ਼ਰਬਤ, ਪਾਣੀ ਆਦਿ ।

(ਅ) ਇਕੱਠਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ :
ਜਿਹੜੇ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਗਿਣਨਯੋਗ ਵਸਤੁਆਂ ਦੇ ਇਕੱਠ ਜਾਂ ਸਮੂਹ ਲਈ ਵਰਤੇ ਜਾਣ, ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ‘ਇਕੱਠਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ” ਆਖਦੇ ਹਨ ; ਜਿਵੇਂ-ਟੀਮ, ਜਮਾਤ, ਸਭਾ, ਝੰਡ, ਮੰਡਲੀ, ਡਾਰ, ਹੇੜ, ਢੇਰ, ਕਮੇਟੀ, ਵੱਗ, ਕਤਾਰ, ਪਰਜਾ, ਲੋਕ ਆਦਿ ।

(ਈ) ਭਾਵਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ :
ਜਿਹੜੀਆਂ ਚੀਜ਼ਾਂ ਨਾ ਦੇਖੀਆਂ ਜਾ ਸਕਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ, ਤੇ ਨਾ ਹੀ ਫੜੀਆਂ ਜਾ ਸਕਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ, ਕੇਵਲ ਅਨੁਭਵ ਹੀ ਕੀਤੀਆਂ ਜਾ ਸਕਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ, ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਲਈ ਵਰਤੇ ਜਾਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਨੂੰ ‘ਭਾਵਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ ਕਿਹਾ ਹੈ ; ਜਿਵੇਂ-ਮਿਠਾਸ, ਖ਼ੁਸ਼ੀ, ਗ਼ਮੀ, ਕੁੜੱਤਣ, ਜੁਆਨੀ, ਪਿਆਰ, ਸੇਵਾ, ਸੱਚ, ਪੁੰਨ, ਪਾਪ, ਦੁੱਖ, ਬਿਮਾਰੀ, ਹਾਸਾ, ਕਮਜ਼ੋਰੀ ਆਦਿ ।

ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ 4.
ਹੇਠ ਲਿਖੇ ਵਾਕਾਂ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਨਾਂਵ ਚੁਣੋ । ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੀ ਕਿਸਮ ਵੀ ਦੱਸੋ-
(ਉ) ਸ਼ੇਰ ਜੰਗਲ ਦਾ ਰਾਜਾ ਮੰਨਿਆ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ ।
(ਅ) ਹਰ ਚਮਕਣ ਵਾਲੀ ਚੀਜ਼ ਸੋਨਾ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੁੰਦੀ ।
(ਈ) ਨੇਕੀ ਦਾ ਫਲ ਮਿੱਠਾ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ ।
(ਸ) ਜਮਾਤ ਵਿਚ ਤੀਹ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ ਬੈਠੇ ਹਨ ।
(ਰ) ਬਜ਼ਾਰੋਂ ਸਰੋਂ ਦਾ ਤੇਲ ਲਿਆਉ ।
(ਕ) ਮੋਹਣ ਸਿੰਘ ਨੇ ਮੁੰਡੇ ਦਾ ਵਿਆਹ ਬੜੀ ਧੂਮ-ਧਾਮ ਨਾਲ ਕੀਤਾ ।
(ਖ) ਬਿੱਲੀ ਨੇ ਚੂਹਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਮਾਰ ਮੁਕਾਇਆ ।
(ਗ) ਜਵਾਨੀ ਦੀਵਾਨੀ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ ।
(ਘ) ਅੱਜ ਬਹੁਤ ਗ਼ਰਮੀ ਹੈ ।
(੩) ਮੋਰ ਪੈਲ ਪਾ ਕੇ ਥੱਕ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ ।
ਉੱਤਰ :
(ਉ) ਸ਼ੇਰ, ਜੰਗਲ, ਰਾਜਾ-ਆਮ ਨਾਂਵ ।
(ਅ) ਚੀਜ਼-ਆਮ ਨਾਂਵ, ਸੋਨਾ-ਵਸਤੂਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ ।
(ਇ) ਨੇਕੀ-ਭਾਵਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ, ਫਲ-ਆਮ ਨਾਂਵ ।
(ਸ) ਜਮਾਤ-ਇਕੱਠਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ : ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ-ਆਮ ਨਾਂਵ ।
(ਰ) ਬਜ਼ਾਰੋਂ-ਆਮ ਨਾਂਵ; ਸਗੋਂ, ਤੇਲ-ਵਸਤੂਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ
(ਕ) ਮੋਹਣ ਸਿੰਘ-ਖ਼ਾਸ ਨਾਂਵ, ਮੁੰਡੇ-ਆਮ ਨਾਂਵ | ਵਿਆਹ-ਭਾਵਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ ।
(ਖ) ਬਿੱਲੀ, ਚੂਹਿਆਂ-ਆਮ ਨਾਂਵ ।
(ਗ) ਜਵਾਨੀ-ਭਾਵਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ ।
(ਘ) ਗਰਮੀ-ਭਾਵਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ ।
(੩) ਮੋਰ, ਪੈਲ-ਆਮ ਨਾਂਵ ।

ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ 5.
ਹੇਠ ਲਿਖੇ ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਦੇ ਸਾਹਮਣੇ ਨਾਂਵ ਦੀ ਕਿਸਮ ਲਿਖੋ-
(ੳ) ਸੁਹੱਪਣ
(ਕਿ) ਤੇਲ
(ਅ) ਫੁੱਲ
(ਖਿ) ਸੁਗੰਧ
(ਈ) ਇਸਤਰੀ
(ਗ) ਮਨੁੱਖਤਾ
(ਸ) ਲੋਹਾ
(ਘ) ਗੰਗਾ
(ਹ) ਖ਼ੁਸ਼ੀ
(ਝੀ) ਜਮਾਤ ।
ਉੱਤਰ :
(ੳ) ਸੁਹੱਪਣ – ਭਾਵਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ
(ਅ) ਫੁੱਲ – ਆਮ ਨਾਂਵ
(ਇ) ਇਸਤਰੀ – ਆਮ ਨਾਂਵ
(ਸ) ਲੋਹਾ – ਵਸਤੂਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ
(ਹੀ) ਖ਼ੁਸ਼ੀ – ਭਾਵਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ
(ਕ) ਤੇਲ – ਵਸਤਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ
(ਖੀ) ਸੁਗੰਧ – ਭਾਵਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ
(ਗ) ਮਨੁੱਖਤਾ – ਭਾਵਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ
(ਘ) ਗੰਗਾ – ਖ਼ਾਸ ਨਾਂਵ
(ਝੀ) ਜਮਾਤ-ਇਕੱਠਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ ।

ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ 6.
ਖ਼ਾਲੀ ਥਾਂਵਾਂ ਭਰੋ-
(ਉ) ਨਾਂਵ ………….. ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਦੇ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ ।
(ਅ) ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਕਿਸੇ ਮਨੁੱਖ, ਵਸਤੂ, ਥਾਂ ਆਦਿ ਦਾ ਨਾਂ ਪਤਾ ਲੱਗੇ, ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ………….. ਕਹਿੰਦੇ ਹਨ ।
(ਈ) ਆਮ ਨਾਂਵ ਦਾ ਦੂਸਰਾ ਨਾਂਵ ………….. ਨਾਂਵ ਹੈ ।
(ਸ) ਨਿੱਜ-ਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ ਨੂੰ ………….. ਵੀ ਕਹਿੰਦੇ ਹਨ ।
(ਹ) ਸ਼ੀਲਾ, ਮੀਨਾ ਤੇ ਸੁਨੀਤਾ ………….. ਨਾਂਵ ਅਖਵਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ ।
(ਕ) ਸੈਨਾ, ਜਮਾਤ, ਇੱਜੜ ………….. ਨਾਂਵ ਅਖਵਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ ।
(ਖਿ) ਸ਼ਹਿਰ, ਪਿੰਡ, ਪਹਾੜ ………….. ਨਾਂਵ ਅਖਵਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ ।
(ਗ) ਸ੍ਰੀ ਗੁਰੂ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਿੰਘ ਜੀ, ਬੰਦਾ ਬਹਾਦਰ ………….. ਨਾਂਵ ਅਖਵਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ ।
(ਘ) ਖੰਡ, ਗੁੜ, ਕਣਕ, ………… ਨਾਂਵ ਹਨ ।
(ਕਿ) ਗਰਮੀ, ਸਰਦੀ, ਜਵਾਨੀ ………….. ਨਾਂਵ ਹਨ ।
ਉੱਤਰ :
(ੳ) ਪੰਜ
(ਅ) ਆਮ ਨਾਂਵ
(ਈ) ਜਾਤੀਵਾਚਕ
(ਸ) ਖ਼ਾਸ ਨਾਂਵ
(ਹ) ਖ਼ਾਸ ਨਾਂਵ
(ਕ) ਇਕੱਠਵਾਚਕ
(ਖ) ਆਮ
(ਗ) ਖ਼ਾਸ
(ਘ) ਵਸਤਵਾਚਕ
(ਝ) ਭਾਵਵਾਚਕ ।

ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ 7.
ਠੀਕ ਵਾਕਾਂ ਦੇ ਸਾਹਮਣੇ (✓) ਅਤੇ ਗਲਤ ਵਾਕਾਂ ਦੇ ਸਾਹਮਣੇ (✗) ਲਗਾਓ
(ੳ) ਖ਼ਾਸ ਸਥਾਨ, ਵਸਤੂ, ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਦਾ ਗਿਆਨ ਦੇਣ ਵਾਲਾ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਆਮ ਨਾਂਵ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ ।
(ਅ) ਸੈਨਾ, ਦਲ, ਸਭਾ, ਇੱਜੜ, ਡਾਰ, ਇਕੱਠਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ ਹਨ ।
(ਇ) ਖ਼ੁਸ਼ੀ, ਉਦਾਸੀ, ਗ਼ਮੀ ਵਸਤੂਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ ਹਨ ।
(ਸ) ਪੁਸਤਕ, ਮਨੁੱਖ, ਸ਼ਹਿਰ, ਪਿੰਡ ਆਮ ਨਾਂਵ ਹਨ ।
(ਹ) ਨਾਂਵ ਅੱਠ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਦੇ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ ।
(ਕ) ਦਿੱਲੀ, ਹਿਮਾਲਾ, ਖ਼ਾਸ ਨਾਂਵ ਹਨ ।
ਉੱਤਰ :
(ੳ) ਖ਼ਾਸ ਸਥਾਨ, ਵਸਤੂ, ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਦਾ ਗਿਆਨ ਦੇਣ ਵਾਲਾ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਆਮ ਨਾਂਵ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ । (✗)
(ਅ) ਸੈਨਾ, ਦਲ, ਸਭਾ, ਇੱਜੜ, ਡਾਰ, ਇਕੱਠਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ ਹਨ । (✓)
(ਇ) ਖ਼ੁਸ਼ੀ, ਉਦਾਸੀ, ਗ਼ਮੀ ਵਸਤੂਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ ਹਨ । (✗)
(ਸ) ਪੁਸਤਕ, ਮਨੁੱਖ, ਸ਼ਹਿਰ, ਪਿੰਡ ਆਮ ਨਾਂਵ ਹਨ । (✓)
(ਹ) ਨਾਂਵ ਅੱਠ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਦੇ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ । (✗)
(ਕ) ਦਿੱਲੀ, ਹਿਮਾਲਾ, ਖ਼ਾਸ ਨਾਂਵ ਹਨ । (✓)

ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ 8.
ਹੇਠ ਲਿਖੇ ਨਾਂਵ ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਖ਼ਾਸ ਨਾਂਵ ਤੇ ਆਮ ਨਾਂਵ ਚੁਣੋ-
ਸੈਨਾ, ਜਮਾਤ, ਇੱਜੜ, ਸ੍ਰੀ ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਦੇਵ ਜੀ, ਦਿੱਲੀ, ਹਿਮਾਲਾ, ਸਰਦੀ, ਗਰਮੀ, ਜਵਾਨੀ, ਡਾਰ, ਖੰਡ, ਗੁੜ, ਕਣਕ, ਸ਼ਹਿਰ, ਪਿੰਡ, ਪਹਾੜ ।
ਉੱਤਰ :
ਆਮ ਨਾਂਵ – ਸ਼ਹਿਰ, ਪਿੰਡ, ਪਹਾੜ !
ਖ਼ਾਸ ਨਾਂਵ – ਸ੍ਰੀ ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਦੇਵ ਜੀ, ਦਿੱਲੀ, ਹਿਮਾਲਾ ।

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class English Book Solutions Chapter 3 The Giving Tree Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 English Chapter 3 The Giving Tree

Activity 1.

Look up the following words in a dictionary. You should seek the following information about the words and put them in your WORDS notebook.
1. Meaning of the word as used in the lesson (Adjective/Noun/Verb, etc.)
2. Pronunciation (The teacher may refer to the dictionary or the mobile phone for correct pronunciation.)
3. Spellings

Swing (verb)	trunk	branches
business	sail	resource

Vocabulary Expansion

Activity 2.

Read the following phrases. Find out their meaning by reading the story again. Write two meaningful sentences using each phrase.

1. climb up
(a) He climbed up a tall tree.
(b) We climbed up a hill.

2. Cut off
(a) Our village was cut off from the city during rains.
(b) I cut off the spoiled part of the mango.

3. cut down
(a) He cut down the old neem tree.
(b) Many trees were cut down by the villagers

4. Stay away
(a) stay away from the bad people.
(b) I stay away from the crowd of people.

5. Take away
(a) Drinking took away his life.
(b) The thief took away my purse.

Learning to Read and Comprehend

Activity 3.

Read the story carefully and answer the following questions in “Yes”/“No’. For example :

Question : Did the boy love the tree when he was a child ?
Answer : Yes, he did.

Question 1.
Did the tree love the little boy ?
Answer:
Yes, she did.

Question 2.
Did the tree have money to give the boy ?
Answer:
No, she didn’t.

Question 3.
Did the boy want to go to a nearby village ?
Answer:
No, he didn’t.

Question 4.
Did the boy get married ?
Answer:
Yes, he did.

Question 5.
Did the tree allow the boy to sit down on the stump ?
Answer:
Yes, she did.

Activity 4.

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Who would come and play with the tree ?.
वृक्ष के साथ कौन आकर खेलता था ?
Answer:
A little boy would come and play with the tree.

Question 2.
Who was too big to climb and play ?
कौन इतना बड़ा था कि ऊपर चढ़ कर खेल नहीं सकता था ?
Answer:
The boy was too big to climb up the tree and play.

Question 3.
Why did the boy want a boat ?
लड़के को नाव क्यों चाहिए थी ?
Answer:
The boy wanted a boat to sail him away to another city.

Question 4.
Why did the boy want to go to another city ?
लड़का किसी दूसरे शहर क्यों जाना चाहता था ?
Answer:
The boy wanted to go to another city for business.

Question 5.
What did the tree say in the end ?
अंत में वृक्ष ने क्या कहा ?
Answer:
In the end the tree asked the boy to sit on her stump and rest.

Activity 5.

Fill in the blanks with the words given below. You can use each word twice, if necessary.
sailed, tree, stump, grew, happy, climb up, swing, house, tired, apples

1. Once there was a boy and a ……………….
2. The boy played with the ……………………
3. The tree asked the boy to …………………… and ………………….. from her branches.
4. The boy ………………….. older.
5. The tree asked the boy to sell-off …………………… to get money.
6. The boy cut off the branches to make a …….
7. The boy made a boat from the trunk of the tree and …………………. away.
8. The tree was not ……………
9. The boy came back to the tree. He said that he was
10. The boy sat on the ………………….. to rest.
Answer:
1. tree
2. tree
3. climb up, swing
4. grew
5. apples
6. house
7. sailed
8. happy
9. tired
10. stump.

Activity 6.

Give opposites of the given words in the given space.

Word — Opposite
1. happy — sad
2. give — take
3. sell — buy
4. come — go
5. quiet — noisy
6. climb up — climb down

Activity 7.

Add ‘ed to the following words and write a meaningful sentence.
Example: Stay: I stayed in Jammu for a week.

Answer:
1. want – He wanted to take rest.
2. climb – He climbed up a hill.
3. play – We played football,
4. sail – The ship sailed away to U.S.A.
5. rest – We rested under a tree.

Learning Language

Pronoun

A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun.
Noun (संज्ञा) के स्थान पर प्रयोग होने वाला शब्द Pronoun (सर्वनाम) कहलाता है|
The words ‘they’ ; ‘she’; ‘her’; ‘he’; ‘it are used in place of nouns.
We call them Pronouns. There are three main kinds of pronouns :
Pronouns मुख्य रूप से तीन प्रकार के होते हैं —
1. Personal Pronoun
2. Demonstrative pronoun
3. Interrogative pronoun

1. Personal Pronoun :
Pronouns which are used in place of proper nouns to avoid repetition are called personal pronouns. ये Pronouns वाक्य में Proper Noun की बारम्बारता से बचने के लिए प्रयोग में लाये जाते हैं।
For example :
My mother is very tired because my mother has been working the whole day.
My mother is very tired because she has been working for the whole day.

There are three kinds of personal pronouns.

1. Pronouns of the First Person
Singular — Plural
I, my, mine, me, myself — We, our, ours, us, ourselves

2. Pronouns of the Second Person
Singular — Plural
you, yours, yourselves, your — you, yours, yourself, your

3. Pronouns of the Third Person
Singular — Plural
he, she, it, him, her — them, their, theirs

Activity 8.

Fill in the blanks using personal pronouns.

Question 1.
……………. often reads until late at night.
(a) he
(b) Aman
(c) Meena
(d) they
Answer:
(a) he

Question 2.
…………….. is running up and down the stairs.
(a) the cat
(b) she
(c) my brother
(d) you
Answer:
(b) she

Question 3.
……………….. is from Mumbai.
(a) Rosy
(b) my friend
(c) he
(d) this statue
Answer:
(c) he

Question 4.
Have ……………….. got a dog, Meena ?
(a) anyone
(b) they
(c) someone
(d) it
Answer:
(b) they

Question 5.
We enjoy the roses so much. ………………. really make the garden beautiful.
(a) they
(b) its
(c) someone
(d) flowers
Answer:
(a) they

Question 6.
Aman isn’t an architect. ……………. . is an engineer
(a) he
(b) they
(c) it
(d) she
Answer:
(a) he

Question 7.
Are …………. friends or not ?
(a) he
(b) she
(c) we
(d) it
Answer:
(c) we

Question 8.
My doctor was born in London. …. ………….. teaches language lessons in his spare time.
(a) they
(b) it
(c) she
(d) he
Answer:
(d) he

Question 9.
All my teachers are from Europe. …………….. come from all over the continent.
(a) she
(b) we
(c) they
(d) them
Answer:
(c) they

Question 10.
Our friends are athletes. All of ………………. are either strong, fast, or both.
(a) we
(b) they
(c) them
(d) you
Answer:
(c) them

2. Demonstrative Pronoun

A demonstrative pronoun is a pronoun that is used to point to something within a sentence. These pronouns can indicate items in space or time and they can be either singular or plural.
TE Pronoun aice À force on ha ca as forgeim H GIRT GIGI ITE Singular Haal Plural fti
नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों में italicized शब्द Demonstrative Pronouns हैं : This was my mother’s purse. That looks like the car I used to drive. These are nice shoes, but they look uncomfortable. Those look like riper than the apples on my tree.

Activity 9.

Fill in the blanks using demonstrative pronouns. Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.

Question 1.
……………… was such an interesting experience.
(a) that
(b) these
(c) those
(d) such
Answer:
(a) that

Question 2.
Are ……………. your shoes ?
(a) that
(b) them
(c) those
(d) this
Answer:
(c) those

Question 3.
You’ll have to get your own pen. ……… is mine.
(a) that
(b) those
(c) such
(d) this
Answer:
(d) this

Question 4.
There is no end to ……..
(a) such
(b) those
(c) this
(d) none
Answer:
(c) this

Question 5.
Because of their bad behaviour, ……….. ……… of the children were given allowances.
(a) none
(b) that
(c) those
(d) them
Answer:
(a) none

Question 6.
………………. of them had seen it before.
(a) those
(b) neither
(c) such
(d) this
Answer:
(b) neither

Question 7.
Is …………… yours ?
(a) this
(b) those
(c) these
(d) such
Answer:
(a) this

Question 8.
Everyone ate early. When we arrived ……………… was left.
(a) that
(b) such
(c) none
(d) neither
Answer:
(c) none

Question 9.
Please give me one of .
(a) that
(b) those
(c) this
(d) such
Answer:
(b) those

Question 10.
……………….. are nice looking.
(a) this
(b) that
(c) these
(d) such.
Answer:
(c) these

3. Interrogative (प्रशनवाचक) Pronoun

An interrogative pronoun is used to make asking questions easy. There are just five interrogative pronouns. ये Pronoun प्रश्न पूछने के लिए प्रयोग किए जाते हैं और प्रायः प्रश्नवाचक शब्द से आरंभ होते हैं।

The five interrogative pronouns are what, which, who, whom, and whose.
— What is used to ask questions about people or objects.
(लोगों तथा वस्तुओं के बारे में प्रश्न)
What do you want for dinner ?
What is your name ?

— Which is used to ask questions about people or objects.
Which seat would you like?
Which of these ice cream flavours is you favourite ?

— Who is used to ask questions about people.
(व्यकतियों के बारे में प्रशन)
Who is that man over there ?
Who is the strongest in the class ?

— Whom is used to ask questions about people.
With whom did you go to the class ?

— Whose is used to ask questions about people or objects, always related to possession.
Whose sweater is this?
I wonder whose dog is digging our lawn ?

Activity 10.

Fill in the blanks with an interrogative pronoun.

Question 1.
……………….. threw the football ?
(a) who
(b) what
(c) which
(d) whose
Answer:
(a) who

Question 2.
…… Would you prefer, coffee or tea ?
(a) who
(b) whom
(c) which
(d) whose
Answer:
(c) which

Question 3.
………………. time do we need to be at the station?
(a) which
(b) what
(c) whose
(d) whom
Answer:
(b) what

Question 4.
…………….. bike is that ?
(a) whom
(b) whose
(c) what
(d) who
Answer:
(b) whose

Question 5.
……………. is your brother’s name?
(a) who
(b) whom
(c) what
(d) whose
Answer:
(c) what

Question 6.
……………. did you tell ?
(a) whom
(b) what
(c) whose
(d) which
Answer:
(b) what

Question 7.
……………. of these books have you read ?
(a) what
(b) whom
(c) whose
(d) which
Answer:
(d) which

Question 8.
…………….. wants ice-cream ?
(a) what
(b) whom
(c) who
(d) whose
Answer:
(c) who

Learning to Write

Activity 11.

Did you like the story ? Talk to your partner and discuss two things you liked and one thing you did not like in the story. After discussion, add another paragraph to change the ending of the story.
Answer:
The boy sat there thinking. He thought of trees who give something to man all through their lives. They gift their all happily and become a stump. They give the message : “Real happiness lies in giving’. But it is a pity that man cuts down trees unwisely. He has no regard for their usefulness and selflessness.

Learning to Use Language

Activity 12.

Write a letter to your friend inviting him for the birthday party.

Kailash Colony
…………. City
March 12, 20…
My dear Vinod
You will be glad to know that my birthday falls on March 20. I am planning to celebrate it at home. There will be a programme of dance and music. A dinner will also be served. All our friends are coming to the party. I hope you will also join us. I am sure you will enjoy yourself.
Yours sincerely
Prem

Learning to Listen

Activity 13.

The teacher will read the story to the students again. Listen to the story carefully. Write whether the statements are ‘True’ or ‘False’ in the given space.

1. The tree loved the little boy. — (True)
2. The tree liked the boy to swing from the branches of the tree. — (True)
3. The tree became sad whenever the boy came back. — (False)
4. The tree gave the boy a lot of money. — (False)
5. The tree asked the boy to cut off her branches and make a house. — (True)
6. The boy wanted a ship to go to another city. — (False)
7. The tree allowed the boy to cut down her trunk. — (True)
8. At last, the boy wanted a quiet place to sit and rest. — (True)
9. The tree refused the boy from sitting on her old stump. — (False)
10. The story shows that the boy is selfish. — (True)

Learning to Speak.

Activity 13 (Role Play)

The children will work in pairs.
Practise speaking the following sentences with your partner. One of you will become the tree and one will become the boy. After practice, all the pairs will speak in front of the class.
1. The tree: Come, boy, come. Climb up my trunk, swing from my branches, eat apples and be happy.
2. The boy: I am too big to climb and play. I want some money to buy things and have fun. Can you give me some money ?
3. The tree: I have no money but you can take my apples and sell them in the city. Then you will have some money and you will be happy.
4. The tree: Come, boy, come. Climb up my trunk, swing. from my branches, eat apples and be happy.
5. The boy: I am too busy to climb trees. I want to get married. I need a house. Can you give me a house ?
6. The trees : You may cut off my branches. Build a house and be happy.

Comprehension Of Passages

Read the given passages and answer the questions that follow each.

(1) Once there was a tree and she loved a little boy. Every day the boy would come, eat applies and play with her. He would swing from her branches and eat apples. The boy loved the tree very much. And the tree was very happy.

The time went by. The boy grew older. The tree was often alone. One day the boy came to the tree. The tree said, “Come, boy, come. Climb up my trunk, swing from my branches, eat apples and be happy.” “I am too big to climb and play,” said the boy. “I want some money to buy things and have fun. Can you give me some money ?” The tree said, “I have no money but you can take my apples and sell them in the city. Then you will have some money and you will be happy.” The boy did so and went away. The tree was happy.

(i) What made the tree very happy ?
वृक्ष को क्या बात बहुत अधिक खुशी देती थी ?

(ii) Why did the tree give the boy her apples ?
वृक्ष ने लड़के को अपने सेब क्यों दिए ?

(iii) Choose true or false statements.
(a) The boy grew younger.
(b) The boy wanted money to buy things for fun.

(iv) Complete the following sentences according to the meaning of the passage.
(a) The tree was often ————
(b) The tree loved ————
Or
Match the words with their meanings :

(a) alone	go down
(b) climb	lonely
	go up

Answer:
(i) The boy’s love for her made the tree very happy.
(ii) She gave the boy her apples to sell and get money.
(iii)
(a) False
(b) True
(iv)
(a) The tree was often alone.
(b) The tree loved a little boy.
Or
(a) alone – lonely
(b) climb – go up

(2) The boy again stayed away for a long time. One day he came back. The tree was very happy and said, “Come, boy, come. Climb up my trunk, swing from my branches, eat apples and be happy.” The boy said, “I am too sad to play. I want to go to another city for business.

Can you give me a boat that will take me away to another city.” The tree said, “Cut down my trunk and make a boat. Then you can sail away and be happy. The boy did so and sailed away. The tree was very happy, but not really.

After a long time, the boy who was now an old man came back again. “I am sorry, boy. I have nothing to give you,” said the tree. I wish I could give you something. I am just an old stump.” “I don’t need anything now. I just want a quiet place to sit and rest.

I am very tired,” said the boy. “Well, an old stump is good for sitting and resting. Come, boy, sit down and rest.” The boy sat on the stump to rest. And the tree was very happy.

(i) Why was the boy sad ?
लड़का क्यों उदास था ?

(ii) What was the only thing that the boy wanted in the end ?
अंत में लड़का कौन-सी एक मात्र चीज़ चाहता था ?

(iii) Choose true or false statements and write them in your answer book :
(a) The boy had grown old.
(b) He was too sad to play.

(iv) Complete the following sentences according to the meaning of the passage.
(a) Cut down my trunk and ……………..
(b) An old stump is good for ……………
Or
Match the words with their meanings :

(a) business	calm
(b) quiet	trade
	sad

Answer:
(i) The boy was sad because he wanted to go to another city for business, but he had no boat.
(ii) In the end, he just wanted a quiet place to sit and rest.
(iii)
(a) True
(b) True
(iv)
(a) Cut down my trunk and make a boat.
(b) An old stump is good for sitting and resting.
Or
(a) business – trade
(b) quiet – calm

Use Of Words/Phrases In Sentences

1. Swing (Verb)(move to and fro on a swing) –
The girls are swinging in the park.
लड़कियां पार्क में झूला झूल रही हैं।

2. Branches (off-shoots) –
A big tree has many branches.
बड़े वृक्ष की कई शाखाएं होती हैं।

3. Business (trade) –
He has gone out for a business.
वह व्यापार के लिए बाहर गया हुआ है।

4. Climb (go up) –
I can’t climb this wall,
मैं इस दीवार पर नहीं चढ़ सकता।

5. Stump (remaining part of a chopped tree) –
The stump of tree was very hard.
वृक्ष का ढूंठ बहुत ही कठोर था।

6. Another (one more). –
Please give me another pen.
कृपया मुझे एक और पेन दीजिए।

7. Build (make, construct) –
We are building a new house.
हम एक नया मकान बना रहे हैं। .

8. Carry away (take away) –
Carry away your books from here.
अपनी पुस्तकें यहां से ले जाओ।

Word Meanings

The Giving Tree Summary in Hindi

Once there was ……………. tree was happy.

एक बार एक मादा वृक्ष था और वह एक छोटे से बच्चे को प्यार/दुलार करता था। बच्चा प्रतिदिन आता था, सेब खाता था और उसके साथ खेलता था। वह उसकी टहनियों पर झूलता था और सेब खाता था। बच्चा वृक्ष को बहुत प्यार करता था। इसलिए वृक्ष खुश था।

समय बीतता गया। बच्चा बड़ा हो गया। वृक्ष प्रायः अकेला रहता था। एक दिन बच्चा वृक्ष के पास आया। वृक्ष ने कहा, “आओ, बच्चे, आओ। मेरे तने पर चढ़ जाओ, मेरी टहनियों पर झूलो, सेब खाओ और खुश रहो।” बच्चे ने कहा, “मैं इतना बड़ा हो गया हूँ कि मैं चढ और खेल नहीं सकता।

मुझे मनोरंजन के लिए कुछ चीजें खरीदने के लिए कुछ पैसे चाहिएं। क्या तुम मुझे कुछ पैसे दे सकते हो ?” वृक्ष ने कहा, “मेरे पास पैसे नहीं है परन्तु तुम मेरे सेब ले सकते हो और उन्हें ले जाकर शहर में बेच सकते हो तब तुम्हारे पास कुछ पैसा आ जायेगा और तुम खुश रहोगे।”

बच्चे ने वैसा ही किया और चला गया। वृक्ष खुश था। बच्चा लम्बे समय तक वापिस नहीं आया। वृक्ष उदास था। एक दिन बच्चा वापिस आया। वृक्ष ने खुशी से कहा, “आओ, बच्चे, आओ। मेरे तने पर चढ़ जाओ, मेरी टहनियों पर झूलो, सेब खाओ और खुश रहो।” बच्चे ने कहा, “मैं इतना व्यस्त हूँ कि मैं वृक्षों पर नहीं चढ़ सकता।

मैं शादी करना चाहता हूँ। मुझे एक घर चाहिए। क्या तुम मुझे एक घर दे सकते हो ?” वृक्ष ने कहा, “तुम मेरी शाखाओं को काट . सकते हो। घर बना लो और खुश रहो। “बच्चे ने उसकी शाखाओं को काटा और ले जाकर अपना घर बना लिया। वृक्ष खुश था।

The boy again ……… was very happy.

बच्चा फिर से एक लम्बे समय तक दूर रहा। एक दिन वह वापिस आया। वृक्ष बहुत खुश हुआ और कहा, “आओ, बच्चे, आओ। मेरे तने पर चढ़ जाओ, मेरी टहनियों पर झूलो, सेब खाओ और खुश रहो।” बच्चे ने कहा, “मैं इतना उदास हूँ कि मैं खेल नहीं सकता। मैं व्यापार के लिए दूसरे शहर जाना चाहता हूँ।

क्या तुम मुझे एक नाव दे सकते हो जो मुझे दूसरे शहर ले जाये ?” वृक्ष ने कहा, “मेरा तना काट लो और नाव बना लो। तब तुम नाव चला कर दूर जा सकते हो और खुश रह सकते हो।” बच्चे ने वही किया और नाव पर चला गया। वृक्ष खुश हो गया परन्तु वास्तव में वह खुश नहीं था।

बहुत समय बाद वह बच्चा जो अब बूढ़ा आदमी बन चुका था वापिस लौट आया। वृक्ष ने कहा, “बच्चे, मुझे खेद है, मेरे पास तुम्हें देने के लिए कुछ नहीं है। काश! मैं तुम्हें कुछ दे पाता। मैं केवल एक पुराना ढूंठ हूँ।” बालक (बूढ़ा आदमी) ने कहा, “मुझे अब कुछ नहीं चाहिए।

मैं तो केवल बैठने और आराम करने के लिए एक शांत जगह चाहता हूँ। मैं बहुत थक चुका हूँ।” “अच्छा, एक पुराना लूंठ बैठने और आराम करने के लिए अच्छी जगह है। आओ, बच्चे बैठ जाओ और आराम करो।” बालक आराम करने के लिए ढूंठ पर बैठ गया। इससे वृक्ष बहुत ही खुश हो गया।

Retranslation Of Isolated Sentences

1. She loved a little boy.
वह एक छोटे से बालक से प्रेम करती थी।

2. The boy grew older.
लड़का बड़ा हो गया।

3. The tree was often alone.
वृक्ष प्राय: अकेला रहता था।

4. I am too big to climb and play.
मैं इतना बड़ा हो गया हूं कि चढ़ (ऊपर) और खेल नहीं सकता।

5. The tree was happy.
वृक्ष खुश था।

6. The boy did not come back for a long time.
लड़का लम्बे समय तक वापिस नहीं आया।

7. I want to get married.
मैं शादी करना चाहता हूँ।

8. You may cut off my branches.
तुम मेरी शाखाएं काट सकते हो।

9. I want to go to another city for business.
मैं व्यापार के लिए किसी दूसरे शहर जाना चाहता

10. Cut down my trunk and make a boat.
मेरा तना काट कर नाव बना लो।

11. I wish I could give you something.
काश! मैं तुम्हें कुछ दें पाती/पाता।

12. I just want a quiet place to sit and rest.
मुझे केवल बैठने और आराम करने के लिए एक शांत जगह चाहिए।

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Punjabi Book Solutions Punjabi Grammar Varnamala ਵਰਨਮਾਲਾ Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB 6th Class Hindi Punjabi Grammar ਵਰਨਮਾਲਾ

ਪਸ਼ਨ 1.
ਲਿਪੀ ਕਿਸ ਨੂੰ ਆਖਦੇ ਹਨ ? ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਬੋਲੀ ਦੀ ਲਿਪੀ ਦਾ ਨਾਂ ਲਿਖੋ ।
ਉੱਤਰ :
ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਦੀਆਂ ਧੁਨੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਲਿਖਤੀ ਰੂਪ ਵਿਚ ਅੰਕਿਤ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਕੁੱਝ ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ ਵਰਤੇ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ । ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੇ ਸਮੂਹ ਨੂੰ “ਲਿਪੀ’ ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ । ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਬੋਲੀ ਦੀ ਲਿਪੀ ਦਾ ਨਾਂ ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਹੈ ।

ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ 2.
ਵਰਨ ਕਿਸ ਨੂੰ ਆਖਦੇ ਹਨ ? ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੇ ਕਿੰਨੇ ਭੇਦ ਹਨ ? ਸੰਖੇਪ ਰੂਪ ਵਿਚ ਉੱਤਰ ਦਿਓ ।
ਉੱਤਰ :
ਮਨੁੱਖ ਜਦੋਂ ਬੋਲਦਾ ਹੈ, ਤਾਂ ਉਸ ਦੇ ਮੂੰਹੋਂ ਭਿੰਨ-ਭਿੰਨ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਦੀਆਂ ਅਵਾਜ਼ਾਂ ਧੁਨੀਆਂ) ਨਿਕਲਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ । ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਅਵਾਜ਼ਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਪ੍ਰਗਟ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ, ਜੋ ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ ਮਿੱਥੇ ਗਏ ਹਨ, ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਵਰਨ ਜਾਂ ਅੱਖਰ ਆਖਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ , ਜਿਵੇਂ-ਕ, ਚ, ਟ, ਤ, ਪ । ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਅਵਾਜ਼ਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਪ੍ਰਗਟ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਮੁੰਹ ਦੇ ਸਾਰੇ ਅੰਗ ਬੁਲ, ਜੀਭ, ਦੰਦ, ਤਾਲੁ ਤੇ ਸੰਘ ਆਦਿ ਰਲ ਕੇ ਹਿੱਸਾ ਪਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ । ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਸਾਹ ਜਦੋਂ ਬਾਹਰ ਨਿਕਲਦਾ ਹੈ, ਤਾਂ ਉਹ ਮੁੰਹ ਦੇ ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਅੰਗਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਟਕਰਾਉਂਦਾ ਹੈ, ਤਦ ਮੂੰਹ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਭਿੰਨ-ਭਿੰਨ ਅਵਾਜ਼ਾਂ ਧੁਨੀਆਂ) ਨਿਕਲਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ । ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਅਵਾਜ਼ਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਲਿਖਣ ਲਈ, ਜੋ ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ ਵਰਤੇ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ, ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਹੀ ਵਰਨ ਜਾਂ ਅੱਖਰ ਆਖਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ । ਇਹ ਅੱਖਰ ਮਿਲ ਕੇ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਬਣਦੇ ਹਨ ।

ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ 3.
ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਲਿਪੀ ਦੇ ਕਿੰਨੇ ਵਰਨ ਅੱਖਰ ਹਨ ? ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਕਿੰਨੇ ਭਾਗਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਵੰਡਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ ?
ਉੱਤਰ :
ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਲਿਪੀ ਦੇ 35 ਅੱਖਰ ਹਨ । ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ ਦੀਆਂ ਪੰਜ ਧੁਨੀਆਂਸ਼, ਖ਼, ਗ਼, ਜ਼, ਫ਼-ਦੇ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹੋਣ ਨਾਲ ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੀ ਗਿਣਤੀ 40 ਹੋ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ ।
ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਬਿਨਾਂ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਦੀ ਇਕ ਮੌਲਿਕ ਅਵਾਜ਼ ਨੂੰ ਪ੍ਰਗਟ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ‘ਲ’ ਦੇ ਪੈਰ ਵਿਚ ਬਿੰਦੀ (ਲ ਲਾਉਣ ਦਾ ਰਿਵਾਜ ਵੀ ਪ੍ਰਚੱਲਤ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ । ਇਸ ਦੀ ਲੋੜ ਹੇਠ ਲਿਖੇ ਅੱਖਰਾਂ ਦਾ ਅਰਥ-ਭੇਦ ਦੱਸਣ ਨਾਲ ਸਪੱਸ਼ਟ ਹੋ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ
1. ਪਲ-ਉਹ ਇੱਥੇ ਘੜੀ-ਪਲ ਹੀ ਟਿਕੇਗਾ ।
ਪਲ-ਉਹ ਮਾੜਾ-ਮੋਟਾ ਖਾ ਕੇ ਪਲ ਗਿਆ ।

2. ਤਲ-ਪਾਣੀ ਦੇ ਤਲ ਉੱਤੇ ਲਹਿਰਾਂ ਨੱਚ ਰਹੀਆਂ ਹਨ ।
ਤਲ-ਹਲਵਾਈ ਪਕੌੜੇ ਤਲ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ ।
ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਵਰਨਮਾਲਾ ਦੇ ਵਰਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਹੇਠ ਲਿਖੇ ਅੱਠ ਵਰਨਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਵੰਡਿਆ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ ।

ਮੁੱਖ ਵਰਗ	ਉ	ਅ	ੲ	ਸ	ਹ
ਕ ਵਰਗੇ	ਕ	ਖ	ਗ	ਘ	ਛ
ਚ ਵਰਗ	ਚ	ਛ	ਜ	ਝ	ਞ
ਟ ਵਰਗ	ਟ	ਠ	ਡ	ਢ	ਣ
ਤ ਵਰਗ	ਤ	ਥ	ਦ	ਧ	ਨ
ਪ ਵਰਗ	ਪ	ਫ	ਬ	ਭ	ਮ
ਅੰਤਿਮ ਵਰਗ	ਯ	ਰ	ਲ	ਵ	ਤ
ਨਵੀਨ ਵਰਗ	ਸ਼	ਖ਼	ਗ਼	ਜ਼	ਫ਼	ਲ਼

ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ 4.
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਰਨ (ਅੱਖਰ) ਕਿੰਨੀ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਦੇ ਹਨ ?
ਜਾਂ
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਦੇ ਕਿੰਨੇ ਵਰਨ ਸ਼ਰ, ਵਿਅੰਜਨ, ਅਨੁਨਾਸਿਕ ਤੇ ਦੁੱਤ ਹਨ ? ਉਦਾਹਰਨਾਂ ਸਹਿਤ ਦੱਸੋ ।
ਉੱਤਰ :
ਰੂਪ ਅਤੇ ਉਚਾਰਨ ਦੇ ਫ਼ਰਕ ਕਰ ਕੇ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਰਨਾਂ (ਅੱਖਰਾਂ) ਦੇ ਚਾਰ ਭੇਦ
ਹਨ –
(ਉ) ਸ਼ਰ
(ਅ) ਵਿਅੰਜਨ
(ਇ) ਅਨੁਨਾਸਿਕ
(ਸ) ਦੁੱਤ ।

(ਉ) ਸੁਰ : ਉਨਾਂ ਵਰਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸੁਰ ਆਖਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ, ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦਾ ਉਚਾਰਨ ਕਿਸੇ ਹੋਰ ਅਵਾਜ਼ ਦੀ ਸਹਾਇਤਾ ਤੋਂ ਬਿਨਾਂ ਹੀ ਹੋ ਸਕੇ । ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿਚ ਕੇਵਲ ਤਿੰਨ ਵਰਨ ਹੀ ਸ਼ਰ ਹਨ-ੳ, ਅ, ੲ ।

(ਅ) ਵਿਅੰਜਨ : ਵਿਅੰਜਨ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਵਰਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਆਖਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ, ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦਾ ਉਚਾਰਨ ਕਰਨ ਸਮੇਂ ਸਾਹ ਮੂੰਹ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਬੇਰੋਕ ਬਾਹਰ ਨਿਕਲਦਾ ਹੈ । ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿਚ ਸ ਤੋਂ ੜ ਤਕ ਸਾਰੇ ਵਰਨ ਤੇ ਨਵੇਂ ਅੱਖਰ ਸਾਰੇ ਹੀ ਵਿਅੰਜਨ ਹਨ । ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੀ ਕੁੱਲ ਗਿਣਤੀ 38 ਹੈ ।

(ਇ) ਅਨੁਨਾਸਿਕ : ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਵਰਨਾਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਅਵਾਜ਼ਾਂ ਨੱਕ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਨਿਕਲਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ, ਉਹ ਅਨੁਨਾਸਿਕ ਹਨ । ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਦੇ ਇਹ ਵਰਨ ਅਨੁਨਾਸਿਕ ਹਨ-ਝ, ਬ, ਣ, ਨ, ਮ ।

(ਸ) ਦੁੱਤ :
ਦੁੱਤ ਵਰਨਾਂ ਦੀ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿਚ ਬਹੁਤ ਘੱਟ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ । ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੀ ਬਹੁਤੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਹਿੰਦੀ ਤੇ ਸੰਸਕ੍ਰਿਤ ਵਿਚ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ । ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿਚ ਜੋ ਅੱਖਰ ਵਿਅੰਜਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਪੈਰਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਜੋੜ ਕੇ ਵਰਤੇ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ, ਉਹ ‘ਦੁੱਤ ਵਰਨ’ ਅਖਵਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ । ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿਚ ਕੇਵਲ ਤਿੰਨਾਂ ਅੱਖਰਾਂ ਹ, ਰ, ਵ ਦੀ ਹੀ ਅਜਿਹੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ । ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਵ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਬਹੁਤ ਘੱਟ ਹੈ ਪਰ ਹ ਤੇ ਰ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਆਮ ਹੈ; ਜਿਵੇਂ ਪੜ੍ਹਨਾ, ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ, ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ, ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ, ਪ੍ਰੇਮ, ਪ੍ਰੀਤਮ, ਸ਼੍ਰੀਮਾਨ, ਸ਼ੈ-ਮਾਨ, ਸ਼ੈ-ਜੀਵਨੀ ਆਦਿ ।

ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ 5.
ਲਗਾਂ-ਮਾਤਰਾਂ ਕੀ ਹੁੰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ ? ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿਚ ਕਿੰਨੀਆਂ ਲਗਾਂ-ਮਾਤਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ ?
ਉੱਤਰ :
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿਚ ਤਿੰਨ, ਸੂਰ ਹਨ-ਉ, ਅ ਤੇ ੲ, ਪਰੰਤੂ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਵਿਚ ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੀ ਗਿਣਤੀ 10 ਹੈ, ਜੋ ਕਿ ਹੇਠ ਲਿਖੇ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਹੈ- ਅ ਆ ਇ ਈ ਏ ਐ ਉ ਊ ਓ ਔ ।

ਬੋਲੀ ਨੂੰ ਲਿਖਦੇ ਸਮੇਂ ਵਿਅੰਜਨਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੇ ਕੇਵਲ ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ ਹੀ ਵਰਤੇ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ, ਜੋ ਕਿ ਹੇਠ ਲਿਖੇ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਹਨ-ਮੁਕਤਾ ਇਸ ਦਾ ਕੋਈ ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ ਨਹੀਂ, ਕੰਨਾ (ਾ), ਸਿਹਾਰੀ (ਿ), ਬਿਹਾਰੀ (ੀ), ਔਕੜ (_), ਦੁਲੈਂਕੜ (-ੂ ), ਲਾਂ (ੇ), ਦੁਲਾਂ (ੈ) ਹੋੜਾ ( ੋ), ਕਨੌੜਾ (ੌ) ।

ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਲਗਾਂ-ਮਾਤਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਲਈ ਕੁੱਝ ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ ਗੱਲਾਂ ਦਾ ਧਿਆਨ ਰੱਖਣਾ ਪੈਂਦਾ ਹੈ । ਉੱਪਰ ਲਿਖੀਆਂ ਸਾਰੀਆਂ ਲਗਾਂ ਸਾਰੇ ਵਿਅੰਜਨਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਲਗਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ । ਪਰੰਤੁ ਰਾਂ-ਉ, ਅ ਅਤੇ ੲ-ਨਾਲ ਇਹ ਸਾਰੀਆਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਲੱਗ ਸਕਦੀਆਂ । (ੳ, ਅ, ੲ ਨਾਲ ਲਗਾਂ ਉੱਪਰ ਲਿਖੇ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਹੀ ਲਗਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ ਅਰਥਾਤ ਉ ਨੂੰ ਔਂਕੜ (ਉ), ਦੁਲੈਂਕੜ (ਊ ਤੇ ਹੋੜਾ (ਓ) ਲਗਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ । ਅ’ ਨੂੰ ਮੁਕਤਾ (ਅ) ਕੰਨਾ (ਆ) ਤੇ ਦੁਲਾਵਾਂ (ਐ ਲੋਗਾਂ ਲਗਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ । ਇ’ ਨੂੰ ਸਿਹਾਰੀ (ਇ), ਬਿਹਾਰੀ (ਈ) ਤੇ ਲਾਂ (ਏ) ਲਗਾਂ ਲਗਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ ।

ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ 6.
ਲਗਾਖਰ ਕਿਸ ਨੂੰ ਆਖਦੇ ਹਨ ? ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਂ ਲਿਖੋ ।
ਉੱਤਰ :
ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਬਿਨਾਂ ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਵਿਚ ਲਗਾਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਕੁੱਝ ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਵੀ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ, ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਲਗਾਖਰ ਆਖਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ । ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿਚ ਇਹ ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ ਤਿੰਨ ਹਨ
(ਉ) ਬਿੰਦੀ
(ਅ) ਟਿੱਪੀ
(ਇ) ਅੱਧਕ ।

ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ 7.
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲਗਾਖਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਕਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ-ਕਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਲਗਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਤੇ ਕਿਉਂ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ ? ਉਦਾਹਰਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਕੇ ਦੱਸੋ ।
ਉੱਤਰ :
ਦਸਾਂ ਲਗਾਂ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਜਦੋਂ ਕਿਸੇ ਦਾ ਉਚਾਰਨ ਨੱਕ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ, ਤਾਂ ਉਸ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਬਿੰਦੀ ਅਤੇ ਟਿੱਪੀ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ । ਦਸਾਂ ਲਗਾਂ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਛੇਆਂ ਨਾਲ ਬਿੰਦੀ ਲਗਦੀ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਚਹੁੰ ਨਾਲ ਟਿੱਪੀ ।

ਕੰਨਾ, ਬਿਹਾਰੀ, ਲਾਂ, ਦੁਲਾਂ, ਹੋੜਾ ਅਤੇ ਕਨੌੜਾ ਨਾਲ ਬਿੰਦੀ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ ; ਜਿਵੇਂ-ਗਾਂ, ਨਹੀਂ, ਗੇਂਦ, ਕੈਂਚੀ, ਜਦੋਂ, ਸੌਂ ।

ਮੁਕਤਾ, ਸਿਹਾਰੀ, ਔਂਕੜ ਅਤੇ ਦੁਲੈਂਕੜ ਨਾਲ ਟਿੱਪੀ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ; ਜਿਵੇਂ-ਚੰਦ, ਸਿੰਘ, ਚੁੰਝ, ਗੂੰਜ ।

ਇਸ ਤੋਂ ਬਿਨਾਂ ਉ, ਅ, ੲ ਨਾਲ ਲਗਾਖਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਦੇ ਨਿਯਮ ਕੁੱਝ ਭਿੰਨ ਹਨ, ਜਿਵੇਂ-ੳ, ਅ, ੲ ਨਾਲ ਲੱਗਣ ਵਾਲੀਆਂ ਅੱਠ ਲਗਾਂ-ਕੰਨਾ, ਬਿਹਾਰੀ, ਲਾਂ, ਦੁਲਾਂ, ਹੋੜਾ ਅਤੇ ਕਨੌੜਾ ਨਾਲ ਬਿੰਦੀ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ , ਜਿਵੇਂ-ਆਂਦਰ, ਸਾਈਂ, ਕਿਉਂ, ਖਾਉਂ, ਜਾਏਂ, ਐੱਠ, ਅੰਤਰਾ ।

ਜਦੋਂ ਅ’ ਮੁਕਤਾ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ‘ਨੂੰ ਸਿਹਾਰੀ ਲੱਗੀ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ, ਤਾਂ ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਟਿੱਪੀ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ , ਜਿਵੇਂ-ਅੰਗ, ਇੰਦਰ ।

ਅੱਧਕ :
ਹਿੰਦੀ ਅਤੇ ਸੰਸਕ੍ਰਿਤ ਵਿਚ ਕਈ ਅੱਖਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਦੋਹਰੀ ਅਵਾਜ਼ ਪ੍ਰਗਟ ਕਰਨ ਲੱਗਿਆਂ, ਉਸੇ ਅੱਖਰ ਨੂੰ ਅੱਧਾ ਅਤੇ ਨਾਲ ਹੀ ਪੂਰਾ ਪਾ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ , ਜਿਵੇਂ-ਕਥਾ, ਸਥਾ, ਡੀ ਆਦਿ । ਪਰੰਤੂ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿਚ ਦੋਹਰੀ ਅਵਾਜ਼ ਪ੍ਰਗਟ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਅੱਧੇ ਅੱਖਰ ਨਹੀਂ ਪਾਏ ਜਾਂਦੇ, ਸਗੋਂ ਜਿਸ ਅੱਖਰ ਦੀ ਅਵਾਜ਼ ਦੋਹਰੀ ਕਰਨੀ ਹੋਵੇ, ਉਸ ਤੋਂ ਪਹਿਲੇ ਅੱਖਰ ਉੱਪਰ ਅੱਧਕ ਪਾ ਕੇ ਹੀ ਕੰਮ ਸਾਰ ਲਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ । ਇਸ ਲਈ ਉਪਰੋਕਤ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿਚ ਇਸ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਲਿਖੇ ਜਾਣਗੇ-ਬੱਚਾ, ਸੱਚਾ, ਅੱਛਾ ਆਦਿ। ।

ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿਚ ਅੱਧਕ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਉੱਥੇ ਹੀ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ, ਜਿੱਥੇ ਮੁਕਤਾ, ਸਿਹਾਰੀ ਤੇ ਔਕੜ ਲਗਾਂ ਲੱਗੀਆਂ ਹੋਣ , ਜਿਵੇਂ-ਸੱਚ, ਹਿੱਕ, ਭੁੱਖਾ ਆਦਿ । ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਦੇ ਕੁੱਝ ਅੱਖਰਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿਚ ਲਿਖਣ ਸਮੇਂ ਦੁਲਾਵਾਂ (ਏ) ਨਾਲ ਵੀ ਇਸ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ; ਜਿਵੇਂਗੈਸ, ਪੈਂਨ ਆਦਿ ।

ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ 8.
ਖ਼ਾਲੀ ਸਥਾਨ ਭਰੋ
(ਉ) ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਬੋਲੀ ਦੀ ਲਿਪੀ ਦਾ ਨਾਂ ………… ਹੈ ।
(ਅ) ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਲਿਪੀ ਵਿਚ ………… ਰ ਤੇ ………… ਵਿਅੰਜਨ ਹਨ !
(ਈ) ਹ, ਰ, ਵ ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਵਿਚ ………… ਅੱਖਰ ਹਨ ।
(ਸ) ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਲਿਪੀ ਵਿਚ ……… ਲਗਾਂਖਰ ਹਨ ।
(ਹ) ਅੱਧਕ, ਬਿੰਦੀ ਤੇ ਟਿੱਪੀ ਨੂੰ ………… ਆਖਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ ।
ਉੱਤਰ :
(ਉ) ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਬੋਲੀ ਦੀ ਲਿਪੀ ਦਾ ਨਾਂ ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਹੈ ।
(ਅ) ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਲਿਪੀ ਵਿਚ ਤਿੰਨ ਸੂਰ ਤੇ 38 ਵਿਅੰਜਨ ਹਨ ।
(ਇ) ਹ, ਰ, ਵ ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਵਿਚ ਦੁੱਤ ਅੱਖਰ ਹਨ ।
(ਸ) ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਲਿਪੀ ਵਿਚ ਤਿੰਨ ਲਗਾਖਰ ਹਨ ।
(ਹ) ਅੱਧਕ, ਬਿੰਦੀ ਤੇ ਟਿੱਪੀ ਨੂੰ ਲਗਾਖਰ ਆਖਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ ।

ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ 9.
ਹੇਠ ਲਿਖੇ ਵਾਕਾਂ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਠੀਕ ਵਾਕ ਦੇ ਸਾਹਮਣੇ ਡੱਬੀ ਵਿਚ ਸਹੀ ਅਤੇ ਗ਼ਲਤ ਵਾਕ ਦੇ ਸਾਹਮਣੇ ਆ ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨ ਲਗਾਓ
(ਉ) ਬੋਲੀ ਦੋ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਦੀ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ ।
(ਅ) ਬੋਲੀ ਜਾਂ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਰਾਹੀਂ ਅਸੀਂ ਆਪਣੇ ਮਨ ਦੇ ਭਾਵ ਦੂਜਿਆਂ ਨਾਲ ਸਾਂਝੇ ਕਰ ਸਕਦੇ ਹਾਂ ।
(ਈ) ਵਿਆਕਰਨ ਦੇ ਦੋ ਭਾਗ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ ।
(ਸ) ਆਮ ਬੋਲ-ਚਾਲ ਦੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿਚ ਸਾਹਿਤ ਦੀ ਰਚਨਾ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ ।
(ਹੀ) ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਬੋਲੀ ਦੀ ਲਿਪੀ ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਹੈ ।
ਉੱਤਰ :
(ਉ) ਬੋਲੀ ਦੋ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਦੀ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ । (✓)
(ਅ) ਬੋਲੀ ਜਾਂ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਰਾਹੀਂ ਅਸੀਂ ਆਪਣੇ ਮਨ ਦੇ ਭਾਵ ਦੂਜਿਆਂ ਨਾਲ ਸਾਂਝੇ ਕਰ ਸਕਦੇ ਹਾਂ । (✓)
(ਈ) ਵਿਆਕਰਨ ਦੇ ਦੋ ਭਾਗ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ । (×)
(ਸ) ਆਮ ਬੋਲ-ਚਾਲ ਦੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿਚ ਸਾਹਿਤ ਦੀ ਰਚਨਾ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ । (×)
(ਹੀ) ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਬੋਲੀ ਦੀ ਲਿਪੀ ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਹੈ । (✓)

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Punjabi Book Solutions Punjabi Grammar Boli Vyakarana ਬੋਲੀ, ਵਿਆਕਰਨ Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB 6th Class Hindi Punjabi Grammar ਬੋਲੀ, ਵਿਆਕਰਨ

ਬੋਲੀ

ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ 1.
ਬੋਲੀ ਜਾਂ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਕਿਸ ਨੂੰ ਆਖਦੇ ਹਨ ?
ਉੱਤਰ :
ਮਨੁੱਖ ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਸਾਰਥਕ ਅਵਾਜ਼ਾਂ (ਧੁਨੀਆਂ) ਰਾਹੀਂ ਆਪਣੇ ਮਨੋਭਾਵਾਂ ਤੇ ਵਿਚਾਰਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਦੂਜਿਆਂ ਅੱਗੇ ਪ੍ਰਗਟ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ, ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੇ ਸਮੂਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ “ਬੋਲੀ” ਜਾਂ “ਭਾਸ਼ਾ’ ਆਖਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ ।

ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ 2.
ਬੋਲੀ ਜਾਂ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਕਿੰਨੇ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਦੀ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ ?
ਉੱਤਰ :
ਮਨੁੱਖ ਆਪਣੇ ਮਨੋਭਾਵਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਦੋ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਲਿਖ ਕੇ ਜਾਂ ਬੋਲ ਕੇ ਪ੍ਰਗਟ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ । ਇਸ ਕਰਕੇ ਬੋਲੀ ਵੀ ਦੋ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਦੀ ਮੰਨੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ
(ਉ) ਬੋਲ-ਚਾਲ ਦੀ ਬੋਲੀ ਅਤੇ
(ਅ) ਸਾਹਿਤਕ ਜਾਂ ਟਕਸਾਲੀ ਬੋਲੀ ।

ਵਿਆਕਰਨ

ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ 1.
ਵਿਆਕਰਨ ਕਿਸ ਨੂੰ ਆਖਦੇ ਹਨ ? ਇਸ ਦੇ ਕਿੰਨੇ ਭਾਗ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ ? ਸੰਖੇਪ ਉੱਤਰ ਦਿਓ ।
ਉੱਤਰ :
ਬੋਲੀ ਦੇ ਸ਼ਬਦ-ਰੂਪਾਂ ਤੇ ਵਾਕ-ਬਣਤਰ ਦੇ ਨੇਮਾਂ ਨੂੰ ‘ਵਿਆਕਰਨ’ ਕਹਿੰਦੇ ਹਨ । ਬੋਲੀ ਦੀ.ਠੀਕ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਵਿਆਕਰਨ ਦੇ ਨਿਯਮਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਜਾਣੂ ਹੋਣਾ ਜ਼ਰੂਰੀ ਹੈ । ਇਹ ਗੱਲ ਵੀ ਜਾਣ ਲੈਣੀ ਜ਼ਰੂਰੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਬੋਲੀ ਅਤੇ ਵਿਆਕਰਨ ਇਕੱਠੀਆਂ ਹੀ ਜਨਮ ਲੈਂਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ । ਵਿਆਕਰਨਿਕ ਨਿਯਮਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਬੱਝ ਕੇ ਬੋਲੀ ਸਾਹਿਤਕ ਰੂਪ ਧਾਰਨ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ ।

ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ 2.
ਵਿਆਕਰਨ ਦੇ ਕਿੰਨੇ ਭੇਦ ਹਨ ? ਵਿਸਥਾਰ ਸਹਿਤ ਲਿਖੋ ।
ਉੱਤਰ :
ਵਿਦਵਾਨਾਂ ਨੇ ਵਿਆਕਰਨ ਨੂੰ ਹੇਠ ਲਿਖੇ ਤਿੰਨ ਭਾਗਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਵੰਡਿਆ ਹੈ
1. ਵਰਨ-ਬੋਧ-ਇਸ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਸਾਨੂੰ ਵਰਨਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਲਗਾਂ-ਮਾਤਰਾਂ ਦੇ ਉਚਾਰਨ ਤੇ ਸਹੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਦੇ ਨਿਯਮਾਂ ਦਾ ਗਿਆਨ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ ।
2. ਸ਼ਬਦ ਬੋਧ–ਇਸ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਦੇ ਭਿੰਨ-ਭਿੰਨ ਰੂਪਾਂ, ਸ਼ਬਦ-ਰਚਨਾ ਤੇ ਸ਼ਬਦ-ਵੰਡ ਦੇ ਨਿਯਮਾਂ ਦਾ ਗਿਆਨ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ ।
3. ਵਾਕ-ਬੋਧ-ਇਸ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਅਸੀਂ ਵਾਕ-ਰਚਨਾ, ਵਾਕ-ਵਟਾਂਦਰਾ, ਵਾਕ-ਵੰਡ ਤੇ ਵਿਸਰਾਮ ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਦੇ ਨੇਮਾਂ ਬਾਰੇ ਗਿਆਨ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਾਂ ।

ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ 3.
ਸ਼ਬਦ ਕੀ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ ? ਇਸ ਦੀਆਂ ਕਿੰਨੀਆਂ ਕਿਸਮਾਂ ਹੁੰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ ? ਉਦਾਹਰਨਾਂ ਸਹਿਤ ਉੱਤਰ ਦਿਓ ।
ਉੱਤਰ :
ਸ਼ਬਦ ਬੋਲੀ ਦੀ ਇਕ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਛੋਟੀ ਸੁਤੰਤਰ ਇਕਾਈ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ । ਇਸ ਦਾ ਅਰਥ ਸਪੱਸ਼ਟ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ, ਜੋ ਕਿ ਛੋਟੇ ਤੋਂ ਛੋਟਾ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ । ਇਕ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਵਿਚ ਅਵਾਜ਼ਾਂ (ਧੁਨੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਗਿਣਤੀ ਇਕ ਵੀ ਹੋ ਸਕਦੀ ਹੈ ਤੇ ਇਕ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਧ ਵੀ ; ਜਿਵੇਂ- ਮੈਂ ਫੁੱਟਬਾਲ
ਖੇਡਾਂਗਾ । ਇਸ ਵਾਕ ਵਿਚ ਤਿੰਨ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਹਨ, ਜੋ ਆਪਣੇ ਆਪ ਵਿਚ ਬੋਲੀ ਦੀਆਂ ਸੁਤੰਤਰ ਇਕਾਈਆਂ ਹਨ, ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੇ ਅਰਥ ਸਪੱਸ਼ਟ ਅਤੇ ਆਪਣੇ-ਆਪ ਵਿਚ ਛੋਟੇ ਤੋਂ ਛੋਟੇ ਹਨ । ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਅਵਾਜ਼ਾਂ (ਧੁਨੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਗਿਣਤੀ ਨਿਸ਼ਚਿਤ ਨਹੀਂ ।

ਪਰੰਪਰਾਗਤ ਵਿਆਕਰਨਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਦੇ ਦੋ ਭੇਦ ਦੱਸੇ ਗਏ ਹਨ-ਸਾਰਥਕ ਤੇ ਨਿਰਾਰਥਕ । ਪਰ ਇਹ ਠੀਕ ਨਹੀਂ । ਅਸਲ ਵਿਚ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਦਾ ਕੋਈ ਵੀ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਨਿਰਾਰਥਕ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੁੰਦਾ। ਜੇਕਰ ਅਸੀਂ ਕਹਿੰਦੇ ਹਾਂ ਕਿ ‘ਪਾਣੀ ਪੀਓ ਤਾਂ ‘ਪਾਣੀ ਦਾ ਅਰਥ ਕੇਵਲ ਪਾਣੀ ਹੀ ਹੈ, ਪਰ ਜੇਕਰ ਅਸੀਂ ‘ਪਾਣੀ-ਧਾਣੀ ਪੀਓ’ ਕਹਿੰਦੇ ਹਾਂ, ਤਾਂ ‘ਪਾਣੀ-ਧਾਣੀ’ ਦਾ ਅਰਥ ਸ਼ਰਬਤ, ਸਕੰਜਵੀ, ਲੱਸੀ ਜਾਂ ਸ਼ਰਾਬ ਵੀ ਹੋ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ ।
ਰੂਪ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਦੇ ਦੋ ਮੁੱਖ ਭੇਦ ਹਨ-
(1) ਵਿਕਾਰੀ
(2) ਅਵਿਕਾਰੀ

1. ਵਿਕਾਰੀ :
ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦਾ ਰੂਪ, ਲਿੰਗ, ਵਚਨ ਤੇ ਕਾਲ ਕਰਕੇ ਬਦਲ ਜਾਵੇ, ਵਿਕਾਰੀ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਕਹਿੰਦੇ ਹਨ । ਨਾਂਵ, ਪੜਨਾਂਵ, ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਣ ਤੇ ਕਿਰਿਆ ਵਿਕਾਰੀ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਹਨ ।

2. ਅਵਿਕਾਰੀ :
ਉਹ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਅਵਿਕਾਰੀ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ, ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੇ ਰੂਪ ਲਿੰਗ, ਵਚਨ ਤੇ ਕਾਲ ਕਰਕੇ ਨਾ ਬਦਲਣ , ਕਿਰਿਆ ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਣ, ਯੋਜਕ, ਸੰਬੰਧਕ, ਵਿਸਮਿਕ, ਅਵਿਕਾਰੀ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਹਨ ।

ਪ੍ਰਯੋਗ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਅੱਠ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਦੇ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ : ਨਾਂਵ, ਪੜਨਾਂਵ, ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਣ, ਕਿਰਿਆ, ਕਿਰਿਆ ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਣ, ਸੰਬੰਧਕ, ਤੇ ਯੋਜਕ ॥

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class English Book Solutions English Grammar Pronouns Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 6th Class English Grammar Pronouns

A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun.
संज्ञा (Noun) के स्थान पर प्रयोग किए जाने वाले शब्द को अंग्रेज़ी में Pronoun कहते है।

The words they, she, he and it are used in place of Nouns. They are Pronouns.
There are three main kinds of Pronoun:

1. Personal Pronouns. (पुरुषवचक सर्वनाम)
2. Demonstrative Pronouns (संकेतवाचक सर्वनाम)
3. Interrogative Pronouns (प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम)

I. Personal Pronouns Pronouns used for persons are called Personal Pronouns; as-
1, we, you, he, they, me, our, etc.
There are three kinds of Personal Pronouns.

1. Pronouns of the First Person:

Singular	Plural
I	we
my, mine	our, ours
me	us
myself	ourselves

2. Pronouns of the Second Person:

Singular	Plural
you	you
your, yours	your, yours
yourself	yourselves

3. Pronouns of the Third Person:

Singular	Plural
he, she, it	they
him, her, it	them
his, her, its	their, theirs
himself, herself, itself	themselves

Points to Remember:
याद रखने योग्य बातें:

1. He, his, him, himself are Pronouns of Masculine Gender. (पुरुषवचक लिंग)
2. She, her, hers, herself are Pronouns of Feminine Gender. (स्त्रीरीवाचक लिंग)
3. It, its, itself are Pronouns of Neuter Gender. (नपुंसक लिंग).
   We can use “It for little babies and lifeless things.
4. All Plural Pronouns are Pronouns of Common Gender (सामान्य लिंग). They can be used for both masculine and feminine genders.

Use of Personal Pronouns

1. I, we, he, she and they are used as Subject.

2. Me, us, him, her and them are used as Object.

Subject	Verb	Object
I	him.	know
We	them.	know
He	her.	knows
She	me.	knows
They	us.	know

3. My, mine, our, ours, your, yours, his, her, hers, its and theirs are used to express ownership.

This is my book.	This book is mine.
That is her pen.	That pen is hers.
This is our school.	This school is ours.

4. We never use an apostrophe (‘) with the personal pronouns.

Incorrect	Correct
Your’s sincerely/faithfully	Yours sincerely/faithfully
This school of our’s.	This school of ours.
That picture of her’s.	That picture of hers.

5. Personal Pronouns used to express emphasis are called Emphatic Pronouns; as-
1. I did it myself.
2. We did it ourselves.
3. You did it yourself.
4. He did it himself.
5. She did it herself.
6. They did it themselves.

6. Emphatic pronouns are never used as a Subject.

Incorrect	Correct
Myself did it.	I myself did it.
Yourself did it.	You yourself did it.
Himself did it.	He himself did it.

Exercises (Solved)

I. Rewrite each sentence using a suitable pronoun in place of the Noun in bold type:

1. Neha is not here.
Neha has gone to see her mother.

2. “The Panchtantra’ has many stories.
‘The Panchtantra’ is a good book.

3. Where is Anu’s school?
How does Anu go to school?

4. Karan has high fever.
Karan will not go to school today.

5. I have invited Micky and Joy.
Micky and Joy are my friends.

6. Yash ans Rahul are very happy.
Yash and Rahul are going on a picnic.

7. My aunt bought me a computer.
The computer cost my aunt a lot.

8. Simran gave her parents a gift.
The gift was liked by her parents.
Hints:
1. She has gone to see her mother.
2. It ia a good book.
3. How does she go to school ?
4. He will not go to school today.
5. They are my friends.
6. They are going on a picnic.
7. It cost her a lot.
8. The gift was liked by them.

II. Choose the correct Pronoun to fill in each blank:

1. That horse is ………… (our / ours)
2. This is ……….. pen, not mine. (your / yours)
3. The horse fell and broke ………. leg. (its / it)
4. Here is your book; take ………….. away. (it / its)
5. The girls were tired; ………. are resting. (they / them)
Hints:
1. ours
2. your
3. its
4. it
5. they.

III. Choose a suitable Pronoun for each blank:

(myself, yourself, himself, itself, themselves)
1. He …………. did all this.
2. I will do this …………
3. You should take care of …………..
4. They ………… admitted their fault.
5. The town …………… is not very large.
Hints:
1. himself
2. myself
3. yourself
4. themselves
5. itself

2. Demonstrative Pronouns

Pronouns used to point to some object or objects are called Demonstrative Pronouns; as-

The words this, these, that, those are used to point to some object or objects. We call them Demonstrative Pronouns.

Exercise (Solved)

Choose the correct Demonstrative Pronoun to fill in each blank:

1. ……… is not my fault. (This / These)
2. Are ……….. your books ? (that / those)
3. ……….. are very tasty sweets. (This / These)
4. Was …………. a costly hotel ? (that / those)
Hints:
1. This
2. those
3. These
4. that

3. Interrogative Pronouns

Pronouns used to ask questions are called Interrogative Pronouns; as-

1. Who is he?
2. What is your name?
3. Which is your school ?
4. Whose books are these ?
5. Whom did you tell the story?
The pronouns who, what, which, whose, whom have been used to ask questions. These are Interrogative Pronouns.

Exercise (Solved)

Fill in each blank with a suitable Interrogative Pronoun:

1. What are you doing?
2. ………… did they invite ?
3. ………… did the teacher say ?
4. …………. of these is your pen ?
5. …………. visited you yesterday ?
6. …………… is the price of this table ?
7. ………… does this book belong to ?
8. ………. is better, honour or riches ?
Hints:
2. Whom
3. What
4. Which
5. Who
6. What
7. Who
8. Which.

Miscellaneous Exercises

I. Rewrite each sentence, changing the Nouns and Pronouns into their plural form. Make other necessary changes also:

1. I love my sister.
2. That is her doll.
3. This is my book.
4. He is flying a kite.
5. She is a good girl.
6. He gave me his book.
7. I did this work myself.
8. You are my dear friend.
9. She was playing with her doll.
Hints:
1. We love our sisters.
2. Those are their dolls.
3. These are our books.
4. They are flying kites.
5. They are good girls.
6. They gave us their books.
7. We did this work ourselves.
8. You are our dear friends.
9. They were playing with their dolls.

II. Fill in the blanks with suitable Pronouns:

1. ………… is Reema’s doll.
2. ………… is a girl from Goa.
3. ………… are ripe mangoes.
4. …………. has taken my ball ?
5. ………… have done our best.
6. ……….. do you want to eat ?
7. …………. gave you that knife ?
8. …………. of your cows was ill ?
9. She will do this work …………..
Hints:
1. This/That
2. She
3. These/Those
4. Who
5. We
6. What
7. Who
8. Which
9. herself.

III. Say what kind of Pronoun each of the underlined words is:

1. That is my book. (Demonstrative)
2. This is their house. (Personal)
3. Who teaches you English ? (Interrogative)
4. What are you doing here ? (Interrogative)
5. She is not like her sister. (Personal)
6. You have been very kind. (Personal)
7. It is a book åbout animals. (Personal)
8. These are all fresh flowers. (Demonstrative)
9. Which of these is your bike ? (Interrogative)
10. We are students of class six. (Personal)

IV. Choose the correct Pronoun to fill in each blank:

1. This is ………… pen. (she, her, hers)
2. This pen is ………….. (she, her, hers)
3. I am ………… sincerely. (you, your, yours)
4. Anita has hurt ………… (she, her, herself)
5. He did this work ………. (myself, himself)
6. I looked at ………….. in the mirror. (my, mine, myself)
7. ………. shall finish this work today. (We, Us, our)
8. The teacher asked ……. a question. (he, him, his)
Hints:
1. her
2. hers
3. yours
4. herself
5. himself
6. myself
7. We
8. him.

V. Choose the correct Pronoun for each blank:

1. We love ……….. motherland. (our / his)
2. She is as wise as ………… am. (me/I)
3. He has gifted ………….. a watch. (me / mine)
4. This watch is better than …………. (yours / your)
5. This book of stories is for ……….. (she / her)
6. This house belongs to ………… father. (my / me)
7. Lalit is as gentle as ………….. brother is. (he / his)
8. This family is not as poor as ……….. are. (us / we)
Hints:
1. our
2. I
3. me
4. yours
5. her
6. my
7. his
8. we

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class English Book Solutions English Grammar Verbs Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 6th Class English Grammar Verbs

A Verb is an action word. It tells us something about a person or thing.
Verb एक क्रिया शब्द है। यह हमें किसी व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में कुछ बताता है।

A Verb tells us-
1. What a person or thing is; as-

• The rose is red.
• The mouse was dead.
• Camels are useful animals.

2. What a person or thing has; as-

• A week has seven days.
• Monkeys have long tails.
• They had a good day yesterday.

3. What a person or thing does; as-

• She made a doll.
• He is writing a poem.
• The sun rises in the east.

Parts of a Verb क्रिया के भाग

A Verb in English can have two parts:
1. The Main (Primary) (मुख्य) Verb.
2. The Auxiliary (Helping) (सहायक) Verb.

1. The Main Verb tells us ‘what happened or ‘what the situation is’. The main verb can have four different forms:
(i) V₁ (go) or the root form.
(ii) V₂ (went) or the past form.
(iii) V₃ (gone) or the past participle form.
(iv) V₁-ing (going) or the present participle form.

2. The Auxiliary Verb helps the Main Verb to complete its meaning. It helps the Main Verb to form a Tense, or to form Negatives and Questions.
सहायक क्रिया Main verb (मख्य क्रिया) के अर्थ को पूरा करने में सहायता करती है। यह काल (Tense), नकारात्मक कथनों अथवा प्रश्नों के निर्माण में मुख्य क्रिया की सहायता करती है।

The following verbs are often used as Auxiliary Verbs:

• is, am, are, was, were.
• has, have, had.
• do, does, did.
• will, would, shall, should.
• can, could, may, might, must, etc.

Exercises (Solved)

I. Underline the Verbs in the following sentences:

1. I live in Delhi.
2. The lion roars.
3. It is raining outside.
4. I have two brothers.
5. Rina gave me a flower.
6. A cobbler mends shoes.
7. I will give you my book.
8. The driver was cleaning the car.
Hints:
1. live
2. roars
3. is raining
4. have
5. gave
6. mends
7. will give
8. was cleaning

II. Fill in the blanks with appropriate Auxiliaries:

1. …………… I come in, sir ?
2. I ………….. finished my work.
3. You …………… pay your debts.
4. We …………… help our friends.
5. I ………….. solve this question.
6. You ……………. sit on this bench.
7. Anyone ……………. make mistakes.
8. He ………….. not telling the truth.
Hints:
1. May
2. have
3. must
4. shall
5. can
6. can
7. can
8. is

Three Forms (Conjuction) of the verb

Exercises (Solved)

I. Conjugate the following Verbs:

build, fall, rise, speak, teach, weep, ruin, look, sleep, learn, study, throw, weave, forget, destroy
Answer:

Present	Past	Past Participle
build	built	built
fall	fell	fallen
rise	rose	risen
speak	spoke	spoken
teach	taught	taught
weep	wept	wept
ruin	ruined	ruined
look	looked	looked
sleep	slept	slept
learn	learnt	learnt
study	studied	studied
throw	threw	thrown
weave	wove	woven
forget	forgot	forgotten
destroy	destroyed	destroyed

II. Give the present participle form of the following Verbs:

1. sit
2. die
3. sink
4. fight
5. catch
6. tie
7. run
8. bite
9. shine
10. apply
11. hit
12. live
13. swim
14. writer
15. begin
Hints:
1. sitting
2. dying
3. sinking
4. fighting
5. catching
6. tying
7. running
8. biting
9. shining
10. applying
11. hitting
12. living
13. swimming
14. writing
15. beginning.

Note : 1. Verb की Present participle form verb के साथ ‘ing’ जोड़ने से बनती है।
2. कुछ verbs में ‘ing’ जोड़ते समय उनके अंतिम अक्षर अक्षरों में कुछ फेरबदल भी करना पड़ता है।

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class English Book Solutions English Grammar Preposition Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 6th Class English Grammar Preposition

A Preposition is a word used before a Noun or Pronoun to indicate place, direction, source; as-
on, in, at, under, upon, into, from.
In the following pictures, study the different positions of the cat.

The italicized words show the position of the cat. We call them prepositions. Some other Propositions of common use are-
of, near, to, after, with, during, off, down, by, above, before, between, at, from, for, among, below, without

Use of Some Prepositions

1. On, Upon.
On indicates position of rest on something.
Upon indicates motion.

• The books are on the table.
• The cat jumped upon the wall.

2. In, Into.
In expresses position of rest inside something.
Into indicates motion towards the inside of something.

• Meera was sitting in her room.
• Neha went Into the room.

3. At, In, On
At is used for a point of time.
On is used with days and dates.
In is used with months and years.

• My brother came here at eight.
• I met my friend at 5 o’clock.
• India got freedom in 1947.
• I shall go to Mumbai on Monday.
• His birthday falls on 15 Nov.
• He went to Ludhiana in May.

Note some other uses of ‘at’ and ‘in’.

• At dawn / noon / night
• In the morning
• In the evening
• In the afternoon

4. At, In
At is used with names of small villages and towns.
In is used with names of big cities and states.

• I was bom at Rampur.
• My uncle lives in Delhi.

5. Between, Among.
‘Between’ is used for two persons, places or things.
‘Among’ is used for more than two persons, places or things.

• The two brothers divided their property between themselves.
• The three brothers quarrelled among themselves.

Exercises (Solved)

I. Underline the prepositions in the following sentences:

1. She sat beside me.
2. Rani is afraid of her teacher.
3. The bird flew over the trees.
4. The dog ran after the mouse.
5. The sky and clouds are above us.
6. The river flows under the bridge.
7. December comes after November.
8. There is a big well behind his house.
9. She brought a beautiful dress for me.
10. I went with my friend to see a movie.
Hints:
2. of
3. over
4. after
5. above
6. under
7. after
8. behind
9. for
10. with, to.

II. Fill in the blanks with a suitable preposition from the box:

of, on, for, near, into, at, by, after, from, with
1. I am fond …………… music.
2. Look …………… the blackboard.
3. I am waiting …………… the bus.
4. The policeman ran …………… the thief.
5. Keep the books …………… the shelf.
6. What is Ludhiana famous …………… ?
7. We are proud …………… our country.
8. My ball has fallen …………… the well.
9. Are you coming …………… road or rail ?
10. I went …………… my Mends for a picnic.
11. There is a temple …………… the hospital.
12. Tony cleaned the floor …………… a broom.
13. The girls are waiting …………… the station.
14. My Mend’s house is far …………… our house.
15. She lives …………… her parents.

Hints:
1. of
2. at
3. for
4. after
5. on
6. for
7. of
8. into
9. by
10. with
11. near
12. with
13. at
14. from
15. with.

III. Write what you see in this picture. Use a suitable preposition in each one of your sentences; as-

Mrs. Raj and Mrs. Rani are sitting on a bench.
Tony is trying to get at the apple.
Some birds are flying in the sky.
A crow is sitting on the branch of a tree.
A dog is running after a ball.
Neha is reading a book under a tree.
Sonu and Anu are waiting for the fancy ball to come down.

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class English Book Solutions English Grammar Articles Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 6th Class English Grammar Articles

‘A’, “an’, ‘the’ are called Articles.
An Article is a word that determines or limits the noun that follows it.
An Article is always used with a Noun. So it can also be called an Adjective.
Article वह शब्द है जो अपने बाद प्रयोग किए गए Noun को निरिचत अथवा सीमित करता है।
Article का प्रयोग हमेशा Noun के साथ ही किया जाता है। इसलिए इसे Adjective भी कहा जा सकता है।

Use of ‘a’, ‘an’

You have already learnt that ‘an’ is used before words beginning with a vowel sound and ‘a’ before words beginning with a consonant sound.

Look at these pictures and name the objects using appropriate articles. Two have been done for you:

Exercise (Solved)

Put ‘a’ or ‘an’ for each:

1. …………. ox
2. ………… kite
3. ………… unit
4. ………… cart
5. ………… M.A.
6. ……….. hour
7. …………. table
8. ………. inkpot
9. ……….. monkey
10. ……….. elephant
11. ……….. honest man
12. ………. useful thing
13. ……….. European lady
14. ……….. one-eyed man.
Hints:
1. an
2. a
3. a
4. a
5. an
6. an
7. a
8. an
9. a
10. an
11. an
12. a
13. a
14. a.

Use of ‘the’

We use “the’ to talk of some specific (विशिष्ट) person, animal, place or thing. We use the’ in the following cases also:

1. Before the names of rivers and seas–
the Ganges, the Sutlej, the Jamuna; the Indian Ocean, the Arabian sea.

2. Before the names of magazines, newspapers and holy books–
the India Today, the Observer, the Tribune, the Times of India; the Bible, the Quran, the Gita.

3. Before the names of races or people–
the Hindus, the Punjabis, the English.

4. Before superlatives–
the hardest, the best, the eldest

5. Before the names of natural objects–
the sun, the moon, the earth.

6. Before the names of mountain ranges–
the Himalayas, the Vindhyas, the Alps

7. Before the names of historical places–
the Jallianwalla Bagh; the Red Fort, the Taj Mahal

8. Before a noun that is modified-
She is the girl who stands first in the class.

Exercises (Solved)

I. Fill in the blanks with the articles ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’:

1. I waited for ……………. hour.
2. ………….. ant is …………… insect.
3. …………. Red Fort is in Delhi.
4. Jack and Jill went up …………… hill.
Speak truth. Don’t tell …………. lie.
6. She rode on …………… elephant at the zoo.
7. ………….. earth is covered with land and water.
8. Bible is ……………. sacred book of Christians.
9. In ………….. sky at night we can see …………… stars and ……………. moon.
10. He took …………… banana, …………… orange and ………….. apple for breakfast.
11. ………….. Sun shines in the east.
12. He is …………….. engineer.
Hints:
1. an
2. An, an
3. The
4. the
5. the, a
6. an
7. The
8. The, a, the
9. the, the, the
10. a, an, an.
11. The
12. an

II. Fill in the blanks with suitable articles (a/an/the):

1. Rohit wrote …………. essay.
2. I saw …………… one eyed man.
3. ………….. sun rises in the east.
4. watch tells us …………. time.
5. accident is ……………. ugly sight.
6. She went home in …………….. morning.
7. …………….. boy standing there is my friend.
8. Mohit saw ……………… old man crossing the road.
9. In the north of our country are ……………. Himalayas.
10. ………….. Ganges, ……………… Yamuna and Saraswati meet at Sangam.
Hints:
1. an
2. a
3. The
4. The, the
5. An, an
6. the
7. The
8. an
9. the
10. The, the, the

III. Rewrite each sentence correctly:

1. He is an European.
2. I heard loud noise.
3. Look at blackboard.
4. Rajan is honest man.
5. I go for the walk in evening.
6. Gardener is watering plants.
7. I gave him an one-rupee coin.
8. An umbrella is an useful thing.
9. He was a best judge of horses.
10. She is a tallest girl in our class.
Answer:
1. He is a European.
2. I heard a loud noise.
3. Look at the blackboard.
4. Rajan is an honest man.
5. I go for a walk in the evening.
6. The gardener is watering the plants.
7. I gave him a one-rupee coin.
8. An umbrella is a useful thing.
9. He was the best judge of horses.
10. She is the tallest girl in our class.