Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 14 Factorization Ex 14.2 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 14 Factorization Ex 14.2

1. Factorise the following expressions:

Question (i)
a² + 8a + 16
Solution:
= (a)² + 2 (a)(4) + (4)²
= (a + 4)²

Question (ii)
p² – 10p + 25
Solution:
= (p)² – 2 (p)(5) + (5)²
= (P – 5)²

Question (iii)
25m² + 30m + 9
Solution:
= (5m)² + 2 (5m) (3) + (3)²
= (5m + 3)²

Question (iv)
49y² + 84yz + 36z²
Solution:
= (7y)² + 2 (7y)(6z) + (6z)²
= (7y + 6z)²

Question (v)
4x² – 8x + 4
Solution:
= 4(x² – 2x + 1)
= 4 [(x)² – 2 (x)(1) + (1)²]
= 4 (x – 1)²

Question (vi)
121b² – 88bc + 16c²
Solution:
= (11b)² – 2 (11b)(4c) + (4c)²
= (11b – 4c)²

Question (vii)
(l + m)² – 4lm [Hint: Expand (1 + m)² first]
Solution:
= l² + 2lm + m² – 4lm
= l² + 2lm – 4lm + m²
= l² – 2lm + m²
= (l)² – 2 (l) (m) + (m)²
= (l – m)²

Question (viii)
a⁴ + 2a²b² + b⁴
Solution:
= (a²)² + 2 (a²)(b²) + (b²)²
= (a² + b²)²

2. Factorise:

Question (i)
4p² – 9q²
Solution:
= (2p)² – (3q)²
= (2p – 3q) (2p + 3q)

Question (ii)
63a² – 112b²
Solution:
= 7 (9a² – 16b²)
= 7 [(3a)² -(4b)²]
= 7 (3a – 4b) (3a + 4b)

Question (iii)
49x² – 36
Solution:
= (7x)² – (6)²
= (7x – 6) (7x + 6)

Question (iv)
16x⁵ – 144x³
Solution:
= 16x³(x² – 9)
= 16x³ [(x)² – (3)²]
= 16x³ (x-3) (x + 3)

Question (v)
(l + m)² – (l – m)²
Solution:
=[(l + m) + (l – m)] [(l + m) – (l – m)]
= [l + m + l – m] [l + m – l + m]
= (2l) (2m)
= 4lm

Question (vi)
9x²y² – 16
Solution:
= (3xy)² – (4)²
= (3xy – 4) (3xy + 4)

Question (vii)
(x² – 2xy + y²) – z²
Solution:
= (x – y)² – (z)²
= [(x – y) – z] [(x – y) + z]
= (x – y – z) (x – y + z)

Question (viii)
25a² – 4b² + 28bc – 49c²
Solution:
= (25a²) – (4b² – 28bc + 49c²)
= (5a)² – (2b – 7c)²
= [(5a) – (2b – 7c)] [(5a) + (2b – 7c)]
= (5a – 2b + 7c) (5a + 2b – 7c)

3. Factorise the expressions:

Question (i)
ax² + bx
Solution:
= x (ax + b)

Question (ii)
7p² + 21q²
Solution:
= 7 (p² + 3q²)

Question (iii)
2x³ + 2xy² + 2xz²
Solution:
= 2x(x² + y² + z²)

Question (iv)
am² + bm² + bn² + an²
Solution:
= am² + bm² + an² + bn²
= m² (a + b) + n²(a + b)
= (a + b) (m² + n²)

Question (v)
(lm + l) + m + 1
Solution:
= l (m + 1) + 1 (m + 1)
= (m + 1) (l + 1)

Question (vi)
y(y + z) + 9(y + z)
Solution:
= (y + z)(y + 9)

Question (vii)
5y² – 20y – 8z + 2yz
Solution:
= 5y² – 20y + 2yz – 8z
= 5y (y – 4) + 2z (y – 4)
= (y- 4) (5y + 2z)

Question (viii)
10ab + 4a + 5b + 2
Solution:
= 2a (5b + 2) + 1 (5b + 2)
= (5b + 2) (2a + 1)

Question (ix)
6xy – 4y + 6 – 9x
Solution:
= 6xy – 4y – 9x + 6
= 2y (3x-2)-3(3x-2)
= (3x-2) (2y – 3)

4. Factorise:

Question (i)
a⁴ – b⁴
Solution:
= (a²)² – (b²)²
= (a² – b²) (a² + b²)
= ((a)² – (b²)] (a² + b²)
= (a – b) (a + b) (a² + b²)

Question (ii)
p⁴ – 81
Solution:
= (p²)² – (9)²
= (p² – 9) (p² + 9)
= ((p)² – (3)²] (p² + 9)
= (p – 3)(p + 3)(p² + 9)

Question (iii)
x⁴ – (y + z)⁴
Solution:
= (x²)² – (a²)² (∵ y + z = a)
= (x² – a²) (x² + a²)
= (x – a) (x + a) (x² + a²)
= [x – (y + z)] [x + (y + z)] [x² + (y + z)²] (∵ a = y + z)
= (x – y – z) (x + y + z) [x² + (y + z)²]

Question (iv)
x⁴ – (x – z)⁴
Solution:
= (x²)² – [(x – z)²]²
= [x² – (x – z)²] [x² + (x – z)²]
= [x² – (x² – 2xz + z²)] [x² + (x² – 2xz + z²)]
= (x² – x² + 2xz – z²) (x² + x² – 2xz + z²)
= (2xz – z²) (2x² – 2xz + z²)
= z (2x – z) (2x² – 2xz + z²)

Question (v)
a⁴ – 2a²b² + b⁴
Solution:
= (a²)² – 2(a²)(b²) + (b²)²
= (a² – b²)²
= (a² – b²) (a² – b²)
= (a – b) (a + b) (a – b) (a + b)

5. Factorise the following expressions:

Question (i)
p² + 6p + 8
Solution:
= p² + 6p + 9 – 1
= (p² + 6p + 9) – (1)
= (p + 3)² – (1)²
= (p + 3 + 1) (p + 3 – 1)
= (P + 4) (p + 2)
Here, last term is 8.
∴ 9 – 1 = 8.

OR
p² + 6p + 8
Here, ab = 8 and a + b = 6
On solving equations, a = 4, b = 2
Now, p² + 6p + 8
= p² + 4p + 2p + 8
= p (p + 4) + 2 (p + 4)
= (p + 4) (p + 2)

Question (ii)
q² – 10q + 21
Solution:
= q² – 10q + 25 – 4
= (q² – 10q + 25) – (4)
= (q – 5)² – (2)²
= (q – 5 + 2) (q – 5 – 2)
= (q – 3) (q – 7)
Here, last term is 21.
∴ 25 – 4 = 21.

OR
q² – 10q + 21
Here, ab = 21 and a + b = (- 10)
Possible values of a = 7 or (-7)
b = 3 or (- 3)
Let us check, 7 + 3 = 10 ≠ (- 10)
∴ a = – 7, b = – 3
Now, q² – 10q + 21
= q² – 7q – 3q + 21
= q (q – 7) – 3 (q – 7)
= (q – 7) (q – 3)

Question (iii)
p² + 6p – 16
Solution:
= p² + 6p + 9 – 25
= (P² + 6p + 9) – (25)
= (p + 3)² – (5)²
= (p + 3 – 5) (p + 3 + 5)
= (p – 2) (p + 8)
Here, last term is (-16).
∴ (-25) + 9 = (-16)

OR

p² + 6p – 16
Here, ab = – 16 and a + b = 6
Possible values of a = 8 or (-8) b = 2 or (-2)
Let us check, 8 + 2 = 10 ≠ 6
(- 8) + 2 = (-6) ≠ 6
8 + (-2) = 8 – 2 = 6
Now, p² + 6p – 16
= p² + 8p – 2p – 16
= P (P + 8) – 2 (p + 8)
= (p + 8) (p – 2)

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 14 Factorization Ex 14.1 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 14 Factorization Ex 14.1

1. Find the common factors of the given terms:

Question (i)
12x, 36
Solution:
12x = 2 × 2 × 3 × x
36 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
∴ Common factors of 12x and 36 = 2 × 2 × 3
= 12

Question (ii)
2y, 22xy
Solution:
2y = 2 xy
22xy = 2 × 11 × x × y
∴ Common factors of 2y and 22xy
= 2 × y = 2y

Question (iii)
14pq, 28p²q²
Solution:
14pq = 2 × 7 × p × q
28p²q² = 2 × 2 × 7 × p × p × q × q
∴ Common factors of 14pq and 28p²q²
= 2 × 7 × p × q = 14pq

Question (iv)
2x, 3x², 4
Solution:
2x = 2 × x
3x² = 3 × x × x
4 = 2 × 2
∴ Common factors of 2x, 3x² and 4 = 1 [Note: 1 is a factor of each term.]

Question (v)
6abc, 24ab², 12a²b
Solution:
6abc = 2 × 3 × a × b × c
24ab² = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × a × b × b
12a²b = 2 × 2 × 3 × a × a × b
∴ Common factors of 6abc, 24ab² and 12a²b
= 2 × 3 × a × b
= 6ab

Question (vi)
16x³, – 4x², 32x
Solution:
16x³ = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × x × x × x
– 4x² = (-1) × 2 × 2 × x × x
32x = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × x
∴ Common factors of 16x³, – 4x² and 32x = 2 × 2 × x = 4x

Question (vii)
10pq, 20qr, 30rp
Solution:
10pq = 2 × 5 × p × q
20qr = 2 × 2 × 5 × q × r
30rp = 2 × 3 × 5 × r × p
∴ Common factors of 10pq, 20qr and 30rp = 2 × 5 = 10

Question (viii)
3x²y³, 10x³y², 6x²y²z
Solution:
3x²y³ = 3 × x × x × y × y × y
10x³y² = 2 × 5 × x × x × x × y × y
6x²y²z = 2 × 3 × x × x × y × y × z
∴ Common factors of 3x²y³, 10x³y² and 6x²y²z
= x × x × y × y = x²y²

2. Factorise the following expressions:

Question (i)
7x – 42
Solution:
7x = 7 × x
42 = 2 × 3 × 7
∴ 7 is common in both terms.
7x – 42 = 7 (x – 6)

Question (ii)
6p – 12q
Solution:
6p = 2 × 3 × p
12q = 2 × 2 × 3 × q
∴ 2 × 3 = 6 is common in both terms.
6p – 12q = 6 (p – 2q)

Question (iii)
7a² + 14a
Solution:
7a² = 7 × a × a
14a = 2 × 7 × a
∴ 7 × a = 7a is common in both terms.
∴ 7a² + 14a = 7a (a + 2)

Question (iv)
– 16z + 20z³
Solution:
– 16z = -2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × z
20z³ = 2 × 2 × 5 × z × z × z
∴ 2 × 2 × z = 4z is common in both terms.
∴ – 16z + 20z³ = 4z (- 4 + 5z²)

Question (v)
20l²m + 30alm
Solution:
= 2 × 2 × 5 × l × l × m + 2 × 3 × 5 × a × l × m
= 10lm (2l + 3a)

Question (vi)
5x²y – 15xy²
Solution:
= 5xy (x – 3y)

Question (vii)
10a² – 15b² + 20c²
Solution:
= 5 (2a² – 3b² + 4c²)

Question (viii)
– 4a² + 4ab – 4ca
Solution:
= 4a (- a + b – c)

Question (ix)
x²yz + xy²z + xyz²
Solution:
= xyz (x + y + z)

Question (x)
ax²y + bxy² + cxyz
Solution:
= xy (ax + by + cz)

3. Factorise:

Question (i)
x² + xy + 8x + 8y
Solution:
= x (x + y) + 8 (x + y)
= (x + y) (x + 8)

Question (ii)
15xy – 6x + 5y – 2
Solution:
= 3x (5y – 2) + 1 (5y – 2)
= (5y – 2) (3x + 1)

Question (iii)
ax + bx- ay – by
Solution:
= x (a + b) – y (a + b)
= (a+ b) (x- y)

Question (iv)
15pq + 15 + 9q + 25p
Solution:
= 15pq + 9q + 25p + 15
= 3q (5p + 3) + 5 (5p + 3)
= (5p + 3) (3q + 5)

Question (v)
z – 7 + 7xy – xyz
Solution:
= z – 7 – xyz + 7xy
= 1 (z – 7) – xy (z – 7)
= (z – 7) (1 – xy)

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions English Grammar Subject-Verb-Object Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 7th Class English Grammar Subject-Verb-Object

एकवचन कर्ता (Subject) के साथ एकवचन क्रिया (Verb) का प्रयोग किया जाता है, जबकि बहुवचन कर्ता के साथ बहुवचन क्रिया का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

एकवचन क्रियाएं is, am, was, has, does तथा I form + s/es हैं। बहुवचन क्रियाएं हैं- are, were, have, do आदि।

Ram goes,
Ram and Sham go.
They go.
She goes.

1. यदि दो या दो से अधिक एकवचन Subjects को and से जोड़ा जाए तो प्राय: उनके साथ बहुवचन Verb का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे,

• Mohan and Ram are friends.
• Mohan, Sham and Ram play together.
• He and his brother have done the work.
• Sham and Gopal were there in the meeting.
• He and his friend do not work together.

2. यदि दो एकवचन संज्ञाएं (Nouns) किसी एक व्यक्ति या किसी एक चीज़ का बोध कराती हों तो ऐसी एकवचन संज्ञाओं (Nouns) के साथ एकवचन Verb का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे,

• My brother and helper has arrived.
• The leader and speaker is sitting on the stage.
• A great Gandhian and leader is dead.

नोट- (i) यदि एक ही व्यक्ति का बोध कराना हो तो Article का प्रयोग दोनों संज्ञाओं अथवा विशेषणों में से पहली संज्ञा या विशेषण के साथ ही किया जाता है।
(ii) यदि दो संज्ञाओं से दो अलग व्यक्तियों का बोध कराना हो तो प्रत्येक संज्ञा (Noun) से पूर्व Article का प्रयोग किया जाएगा। ऐसी अवस्था में बहुवचन क्रिया (Verb in Plural) का प्रयोग किया जाएगा।
The leader and the speaker are sitting on the stage.

3. यदि दो कर्त्ता मिलकर किसी एक विचार (one idea) को व्यक्त करते हों तो एकवचन क्रिया (Verb in Singular) का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे,

• Fish and meat is the food of the Bengalis.
• Slow and steady wins the race.
• Twenty kilometres is not a long distance.
• The horse and the carriage has arrived.

4. यदि एकवचन कर्ता (Subject) से पूर्व each अथवा every का प्रयोग किया जाए तो एकवचन क्रिया (Verb in Singular) का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे,

• Every boy and girl was well dressed.
• Every man, woman and child was present.
• Each day and each hour takes its account.

5. यदि दो या दो से अधिक एकवचन कर्ता (Subjects) को or, nor, either…….. or, neither…………nor से जोड़ा जाए तो एकवचन क्रिया का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे,

• Work or play has no difference for me.
• Neither he nor I was present.
• Either Mohan or Sohan has broken the slate.
• Neither food nor water was available there.
• Neither pleasure nor pain affects me.

6. जब or तथा nor से जोड़े गए Subjects का वचन भिन्न-भिन्न हो तो बहुवचन क्रिया का प्रयोग होना चाहिए तथा बहुवचन कर्ता को क्रिया के साथ रखना चाहिए; जैसे,

• Sham or his brothers have broken the slate.
• Neither the monitor nor the students were present.
• Neither the speaker nor the listeners were serious.
• Either the man or his sons have gone wrong.

7. जब or अथवा nor से विभिन्न कर्ता (Subjects) जुड़े हुए हों, तो क्रिया (Verb) अपने निकटतम् Subject: के Person (पुरुष) से मेल खाता है; जैसे,

• Either he or I have to go to Delhi.
• Neither you nor he is to blame.
• Either you or father is paying for it.

8. जब कर्ता (Subjects) के वचन अथवा पुरुष में अन्तर हो और वे and से जुड़े हों तो क्रिया (Verb) बहुवचन में प्रयोग होती है।

• He and I are good friends.
• My father and I have jointly done this.
• You and he are always together.
• You and I are always in time.

9. समूहवाचक संज्ञा (Collective Noun) के साथ पूरे समूह का भाव व्यक्त करने के लिए एकवचन क्रिया (Verb in Singular) का प्रयोग होता है। परन्तु यदि समूह के व्यक्तियों (individuals) का बोध कराना हो तो बहुवचन क्रिया (Verb in Plural) का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे,

• The Committee has chosen its Chairman.
• There is a large number of boys in the class.
• A number of players were playing foul.
• The police were called out. The crew was efficient.
• The crew were arrested after the accident.

10. कुछ संज्ञाएं देखने में बहुवचन लगती हैं, परन्तु वे भाव में एकवचन होती हैं। ऐसी संज्ञाओं के साथ एकवचन क्रिया (Verb) लगती है; जैसे,

• The news is good.
• Physics is an easy subject.

11. कुछ संज्ञाएं देखने में एकवचन लगती हैं परन्तु उनका अर्थ बहुवचन होता है। ऐसी संज्ञाओं के साथ बहुवचन क्रिया (Verb in Plural) का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे,

• The cattle are grazing in the field.
• People are there in the field.

12. हमें क्रिया का मेल वास्तविक Subject के साथ ही कराना चाहिये। कभी-कभी हम क्रिया का निकटतम Plural Subject के साथ मेल कर देते हैं और वास्तविक Subject की अनदेखी कर देते हैं। हमें क्रिया का मेल वास्तविक Subject के साथ ही करना चाहिये; जैसे,

• Each of the students was a player.
• Neither of the women was tall.
• Each one of plots is for sale.
• One of the boys was my friend.

13. यदि Subject में दो Nouns या Pronouns ‘with’ या ‘as well as’ के साथ जुड़े हों, तो क्रिया उनमें से पहले noun या pronoun से मेल खाती हैः जैसे:

• Ram, with all the members of his family, was present.
• He, as well as his friends, is there in the hall.
• Mohan, and not his friend, has done this.
• I, as well as he, have worked hard.

14. जब किसी क्रिया का Subject कोई Relative Pronoun हो, तो क्रिया Relative Pronoun से ठीक पहले वाले Subject के अनुसार लगती है; जैसे

• I, who am your guide, shall stand by you.
• You, who are my guide, are expected to stand by me.
• He is among the persons who are against me.

Exercise

In each of the following sentences supply a verb in agreement with its subject.

1. My scissors ………………. lost.
2. The police ………………… investigating the case.
3. Neither of the students …………………. right.
4. Raja and Rama ………………… in the garden.
5. Gagan with his friend ………………. come today.
6. Every boy and girl ………………… invited for the programme.
7. Five rupees ………………… too much for this item.
8. A packet of sweets ………………. given to each child.
9. All the children ……………….. going for the movie.
10. Six kilometres …………………. a long distance to walk.
11. Ram as well as Ravi ……………….. to be helped.
12. One of the students …………………. hurt while playing.
13. The military ………………… put on alert.
14. He, with his father, ……………… among the first to arrive.
15. There ………………… several mistakes in your work.
16. The quality of the fruits …………………. very good.
17. No news ……………… good news.
18. Twice three times ……………….. six.
19. Either he or ………………… at fault.
Hints:
1. are
2. is
3. is
4. were
5. has
6. was
7. are
8. was
9. are
10. is
11. is
12. was
13. was
14. was
15. are
16. is
17. is
18. is
19. am.

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions English Grammar Prepositions Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 7th Class English Grammar Prepositions

Preposition वह शब्द है जिसका प्रयोग Noun अथवा Pronoun के साथ स्थिति, समय, संबंध या साधन आदि दर्शाने के लिए किया जाता है।

उदाहरण-
There is a teacher in the class.
He is fond of milk.
The man jumped off the horse.

पहले वाक्य में in, teacher की स्थिति को व्यक्त करता है।
दूसरे वाक्य में of, fond तथा milk का आपसी सम्बन्ध बताता है।
तीसरे वाक्य में off, jumped तथा horse के आपसी सम्बन्ध को स्पष्ट करता है।

Preposition का प्रयोग प्रायः अपने Object से पहले किया जाता है। जैसा कि उपर्युक्त तीनों वाक्यों से स्पष्ट है, परन्तु कभी-कभी वह अपने Object के बाद भी प्रयोग होता है; जैसे,

Here is the book that you asked for.
What are you thinking of ?

Some Important Prepositions

1. Act upon (अमल करना)-Act upon my advice.
2. Aim at (निशाना बांधना)-The hunter aimed at the bird.
3. Angry with (क्रोधित)-The teacher is angry with you.
4. Agree with (सहमत होना)-I agree with you.
5. Agree.to (सहमत होना))-He agreed to my proposal.
नोट – (i) किसी व्यक्ति से सहमति के लिए agree के साथ with का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
(ii) किसी सुझाव से सहमति के लिए agree के साथ to का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
6. Absent from (अनुपस्थित होना)-She is absent from the class.
7. Afraid of (भयभीत)-He is afraid of his teacher.
8. Believe in (विश्वास रखना)-I believe in God.
9. Born of (जन्म लेना)-Pt. Nehru was born of rich parents.
10. Busy with (व्यस्त)-He is busy with his work.
11. Care for (परवाह करना)-He does not care for me.
12. Deal in (व्यापार करना)-He deals in sugar.
13. Die of (किसी रोग से मरना)-He died of fever.
14. Die for (के लिए मरना)-He died for his country. नोट-
(i) किसी बीमारी से मरने के लिए Die of का प्रयोग होता है।
(ii) देश पर मर मिटने के लिए Die for आता है।
15. Differ with (असहमत)-I differ with you.
16. Different from (से भिन्न)-This pen is different from that one.
17. Faith in (में विशवास)-I have faith in God.
18. Faithful to (के प्रति वफादार)-The dog is faithful to his master.
19. Fail in (असफल होना)-He failed in Hindi.
20. Famous for (के लिए प्रसिद्ध) Agra is famous for the Taj.

21. Fed up with (से तंग होन)-I am fed up with him.
22. Feed on (निर्वाह करना)-Cows feed on grass.
23. Fit for a (के योग्य)-I am fit for this work.
24. Full of (भरा होना)-The jug is full of water.
25. Fond of (का चाव होना)- I am fond of milk.
26. Glad at (प्रसन्न)-I am glad at your success.
27. Good at (निपुण)-I am good at English.
28. Good for (के लिए उपयोगी)-Milk is good for health.
29. Give up (त्यागना)-Give up your bad habits.
30. Invite to (आमंत्रित करना)- I invited him to tea.
31. Junior to (पद से नीचा)-He is junior to me.
32. Keep to (रहना)-Always keep to the left.
33. Kind to (दयालु)- He is kind to the poor.
34. Knock at (खटखटान)-I am knocking at the door.
35. Laugh at (हंसी उड़ान)-The boys laughed at the poor.
36. Lead to (जाना)-This road leads to Ambala.
37. Listen to (ध्यान देना)-Listen to me.
38. Look after (देखभाल करना)-I look after my old mother.
39. Mad with (से पगल)-He was mad with joy.
40. Made of (बनी हुई)-This table is made of wood.
41. Married to (विवाह होना या विवाह करना)-Rama was married to Sita.
42. Mix with (मेल जोल रखना)-Do not mix with bad boys.
43. Obedient to (अज्ञाकारी)-Ram is obedient to his teacher.
44. Pass through (गुज़रना)-He passed through a forest.
45. Put out (बुझाना)-Put out the fire.
46. Take pity (दया करना)-He took pity on me.
47. Popular with (सर्वप्रिय)-The teacher is very popular with the students.
48. Pray to (प्रार्थना करना)-I pray to God daily.
49. Proud of (गर्व करना)-I am proud of you.
50. Quick at (तेज)-He is quick at work.
51. Quarrel with (झगड़ना)-We should not quarrel with others.
52. Reply to (उतर देना)-He did not reply to my letter.
53. Send for (बुला भेजना)-He sent for the doctor.
54. Senior to (पद से ऊंचा)-He is senior to me.
55. Short of (कमी होना)-I am short of money.
56. Sick of (दःखी)-I am sick of this life.

57. Sorry for (के लिए खेद)-I am sorry for coming late.
58. Thankful to (के प्रति धन्यवादी)-I am thankful to you for your help.
59. Useful for (के लिए उपयोगी)- Milk is useful for health.
60. Wait for (प्रतीक्ष करना)- Please wait for me.

Exercise 1

Choose suitable prepositions from the box to fill in the blanks. One has been done for you:

from, across, along, between, by, on, behind, against, among, under, over, with, into, for, of, at, in front of.
1. There are trees in front of our house.
2. Do not stand………….. a vehicle.
3. We lost the match……………… Govt. High School, Ropar.
4. The minister stood ……………. the people.
5. Keep the bags ……………… the desk and the table.
6. People built houses ……………… the bridge.
7. We went ……………. bus to Amritsar.
8. The fare ……………. Chandigarh to Ludhiana is not cheap.
9. The boy stood……………. the hill.
10. Look ……………. the bag for your pens.
11. GO …………… Samir to the market.
12. Do not run but walk ……………… the bridge.
13. Run ……………. the road and call the man.
14. Look……………. the book and answer.
15. The boy is looking ……………… a bride.
Hints:
2. behind
3. against
4. among
5. between
6. under
7. by
8. from
9. on
10. into
11. with
12. across
13. along
14. over
15. for.

Exercise 2

I. Put a tick V on the correct preposition as shown in the first sentence:

1. Akshay takes delight (in/by) his studies.
2. Beware (from/of) thieves in a new place.
3. We all agreed (to/with) the proposal.
4. Rajmah and rice are popular (among/to) children.
5. The building was set (with/on) fire.
6. Do not be jealous (on/of) others.
7. Her face seems familiar (to/with) me.
8. We are known (about/to) Dr. Sharma.
9. I do not approve (with/of) smoking
10. Daljit lives (on/at) Madhya Marg.
11. Always write (în/with) ink.
12. Sam does not like interference (on/in) his work.
13. Pammi is married (with/to) Sukhwinder.
14. Our final examination is held (on/in) March.
15. Akhil is always late (for/to) school.
16. I have applied (from/for) leave.
17. We always talk (about/on) discipline.
18. The boy complained (with/against) me.
19. This book is useful (under/for) children.
20. Rana has just recovered (at/from) illness.
Hints:
1. in
2. of
3. to
4. among
5. on
6. of
7. to
8. to
9. of
10. at
11. in
12. in
13. to
14. in
15. for
16. for
17. about
18. against
19. for
20. from.

II. Using the words followed by preposition, make sentences of your own. The first one has been done for you:

interfere with, fit for, confident of, sorry for, mix with, make fun of, prays at, acted upon, bent on, superior to.
1. I do not allow my music lessons to ……………. my studies.
2. He is ………….. this post.
3. He is ………….. his success.
4. I am …………. the delay.
5. Do not ………….. bad boys.
6. Don’t ………… of the beggar.
7. He ………… Sri Harmandar Sahib.
8. He …………. my advice.
9. He is …………. making mischief.
10. My pen is ………… yours.
Answer:
1. I do not allow my music lessons to interfere with my studies.
2. He is fit for this post.
3. He is confident of his success.
4. I am sorry for the delay.
5. Do not mix with bad boys.
6. Don’t make fun of the beggar.
7. He prays at Sri Harmandar Sahib.
8. He acted upon my advice.
9. He is bent on making mischief.
10. My pen is superior to yours.

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions English Grammar Adjectives with Degrees Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 7th Class English Grammar Adjectives with Degrees

An Adjective is a word which qualifies or adds something to the meanings of a Noun or a Pronoun.
जो शब्द किसी Noun अथवा Pronoun की विशेषता प्रकट करता है उसे Adjective (विशेषण) कहते हैं।

Adjective प्रायः Noun के साथ प्रयोग होता है और यह किसी व्यक्ति, पशु अथवा स्थान की विशेषता बताता है या किसी संख्या अथवा मात्रा का बोध कराता है। जैसे:

1. Many years ago there was a miser. (संख्या)
2. He never ate good food. (विशेषता)
3. He spent little money. (मात्रा)
   Adjectives मुख्यत: 9 प्रकार के होते हैं।

1. Adjectives of Quality. जो विशेषण किसी व्यक्ति अथवा वस्तु के गुण- दोष का बोध कराते हैं उन्हें Adjective of Quality (गुणवाचक विशेषण) कहते हैं। जैसे-
good, fresh, bad आदि।।

2. Proper Adjectives. Proper Nouns से बनने वाले विशेषण Proper Adjectives (व्यक्तिवाचक विशेषण) कहलाते हैं। जैसे:-
Indian, Chinese.

3. Adjectives of Quantity. जो विशेषण किसी वस्तु की मात्रा का बोध कराते हैं उन्हें Adjectives of Quantity (परिमाणवाचक विशेषण) कहते हैं। इस प्रकार के Adjective प्रायः कितने (How much) शब्द का उत्तर देते हैं। जैसे:-
some, no, great.

4. Adjectives of Number. जो विशेषण संख्या अथवा क्रम का- बोध कराते हैं उन्हें Adjectives of Number (संख्यावाचक विशेषण) कहते हैं। जैसे:-
two, all आदि।

5. Distributive Adjectives. जो विशेषण किसी विशेष वर्ग के व्यक्ति अथवा वस्तु को अलग-अलग प्रकट करें, उन्हें Distributive Adjectives (विभाजन विशेषण) कहते हैं। जैसे : each, either, every आदि।

6. Demonstrative Adjectives. जो विशेषण सम्बन्धित व्यक्ति अथवा वस्तु की ओर संकेत करते हैं उन्हें Demonstrative Adjectives (संकेतवाचक विशेषण) कहते हैं। जैसे:-
This pen; That girl.

7. Interrogative Adjectives. जो विशेषण प्रश्न पूछने के लिए प्रयोग किए जाते हैं उन्हें Interrogative Adjectives (प्रश्नवाचक विशेषण) कहते हैं। जैसे:-
which, what, whose आदि।

8. Possessive Adjectives. किसी वस्तु या व्यक्ति पर अधिकार व्यक्त करने वाले विशेषण को Possessive Adjectives (सम्बन्धवाचक विशेषण) कहा जाता है। जैसे:-
My book, Your brother, आदि।

9. Emphasizing Adjectives. जो शब्द Possessive Adjectives पर बल देने के लिए प्रयोग किए जाते हैं वे Emphasizing Adjectives कहलाते हैं।
प्रायः Own शब्द इसके लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है। जैसे:-
I became my own servant.

Degree of Adjectives

(1)

इसी प्रकार के कुछ अन्य विशेषण जिनके साथ er तथा est का प्रयोग होता है, निम्नलिखित हैं:
Loud (ऊंची आवाज़), small (छोटा), warm (गर्म), young (आयु में छोटा), cheap (सस्ता), bright (चमकीला) इत्यादि।

(2)

इसी प्रकार के अन्य विशेषण हैं, Busy.(व्यस्त), dirty (गन्दा), dry (शुष्क), early (पहले या जल्दी) इत्यादि।

(5)

इसी प्रकार के अन्य विशेषण हैं: Stupid (मूर्ख), active (फुर्तीला), expensive (महंगा), powerful (शक्तिशाली) आदि।

Exercise 1

I. Underline the adjectives of quality in the sentences given below. The first one has been done for you:

1. Reema is a good singer.
2. Naina wore a red sari for the party.
3. Johnny Walker was a funny man.
4. Look ! there’s a shiny coin.
5. Abha has chubby cheeks and a dimple chin.
6. Kolkata is a congested city.
7. Pandit Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India.
8. Get the black car from the garage.
9. Many families died in the earthquake.
10. Milk is a healthy drink.
Hints:
2. red
3. funny
4. shiny
5. chubby, dimple
6. congested
7. first
8. black
9. Many
10. healthy.

II. Add an adjective of quality to the following nouns. The first one has been done for you:

1. a tasty meal.
2. a ……….. bread.
3. a ………. dress
4. a ………. night
5. a ………. story
6. a ……… woman.
7. a ………. baby.
8. a ……… class.
9. an ………. play
10. a ……… building.
Hints:
2. fresh
3. new
4. dark
5. funny.
6. fat
7. lovely
8. middle
9. interesting
10. tall.

III. Replace the word in italics with a word from the box to give the opposite meaning and rewrite the sentence. The first one has been done for you:

tidy, short, broad, easy, sour, honest. active, modern, bright, strong, clever, useless.
1. It is a dull day. It is a bright day.
2. The room is untidy
3. The road ahead is narrow. …………..
4. Difficult sums take up time.
5. The sweet litchis are from Dehradun. ……
6. The weak boy won the match. ……………
7. The dishonest servant ran away. ……………
8. Jassi is very lazy. …………….
9. The fort is an example of ancient architecture…..
10. Babita is a foolish girl. ………….
11. The spanner is a useful tool. ………….
12. The tall boy is my brother. …………….
Hints:
2. tidy
3. broad
4. Easy
5. sour
6. strong
7. honest
8. active
9. modern
10. wise
11. useless
12. short.

IV. Choose from these adjectives of quantity and number to fill in the blanks given below. One has been done for you.

a few, ten, some, a little, second, enough, any, two, much, several, few.
(a) Some elephants were seen near a village.
(b) Renu has ……….milk every night.
(c) Sam has ……….money to buy a scooter.
(d) Rafiq found ……….gold coins in the trunk.
(e) The ……….day of the week is Monday.
(f). The ………. brothers live in Delhi.
(g) Very ……….tickets are there for the show.
(h) Put ……….sugar in the tea.
(i) Panna does not spend ……….time on exercise.
(j) I read ……….pages before going to bed.
(k) We have ……….fingers on our hands.
(l) ……… people watch the television everyday.
Hints:
(b) some
(c) enough
(d) several
(e) second
(f) two
(g) few
(h) a little
(i) any
(j) a few
(k) ten
(l) Several.

V. Fill in the blanks with an adjective of your choice:

(a) You will need ………… paper and ……….. ink for your test.
(b) ……… monkeys sat in the compartment.
(c) I have to write ………… letters today.
(d) Father sent ………….. money for my expenses.
(e) There are ………….. boys in the class.
(f) The book has …………. illustrations.
(g) I would like …………. tea.
(h) The ship sank into the ………. sea.
Hints:
(a) white, blue
(b) Some
(c) many
(d) enough
(e) thirty
(f) beautiful
(g) some
(h) deep.

Exercise 2

I. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the adjective given in the brackets. The first one has been done for you:

1. Samarjit is the best showman in the town. (good)
2. Meena is the ……… girl in her class. (intelligent)
3. Anuj is ………. than Aman. (short)
4. Anita is ………. than Jamuna. (pretty)
5. Iron is the ………. of all metals. (heavy)
6. John is the ……… student in Mathematics. (bad)
7. Raman is ……. than Lalit. (tall)
8. A train journey is ……… than a road journey. (comfortable)
Hints:
2. most intelligent
3. shorter
4. prettier
5. heaviest
6. worst
7. taller
8. more comfortable.

II. Give the comparative and superlative degrees of the following adjectives:

III. Use words from the box to complete the sentences. One has been done for you.

snow, ice, feather, lion, bee, snail, fox, silk, clown, bat.
1. Raj is as brave as a ………… .
2. Her friend proved to be as cunning as a ………… .
3. The room was as cold as …………… .
4. The pages were as white as ………… .
5. My sister is as busy as a …………. .
6. The old man is as blind as a ………….
7. Ramu is as funny as a …………. .
8. The train is as slow as a ……….. .
9. The box weighs as light as a …………. .
10. Her skin is as soft as ………… .
Answer:
1. Raj is as brave as a lion.
2. Her friend proved to be as cunning as a fox.
3. The room was as cold as ice.
4. The pages were as white as snow.
5. My sister is as busy as a bee.
6. The old man is as blind as a bat.
7. Ramu is as funny as a clown.
8. The train is as slow as a snail.
9. The box weighs as light as a feather.
10. Her skin is as soft as silk.

IV. Fill in the blanks with some, little, a little, few, much, any and many. The first one has been done for you:

1. I requested Salil to give me a ……….. money.
2. The trunk holds ……….. clothes.
3. There is ……….. space in the hall.
4. There were very …………. people at the party.
5. There are too ………. poor people in India.
6. I carried ……….. clothes for the trip.
7. Please pour ………. oil in the bottle.
8. Shiela has ………… work to do.
9. Raju has ………… friends in the U.S.A.
10. I take a ………….. food at night.
11. There aren’t ………… students in school today.
12. Rajat gave me ……… tips for the exams.
Answer:
1. I requested Salil to give me a little money.
2. The trunk holds some clothes.
3. There is little space in the hall.
4. There were very few people at the party.
5. There are too many poor people in India.
6. I carried some clothes for the trip.
7. Please pour some oil in the bottle.
8. Shiela has much work to do.
9. Raju has few friends in the U.S.A.
10. I take a little food at night.
11. There aren’t any students in school today.
12. Rajat gave me many tips for the exams.

V. Make sentence of your own with comparative and superlative of the adjectives of much, little, few and many. The first one has been done for you.

Answer:
1. More : I have more clothes than my sister.
Most : She is the most beautiful girl of our class.

2. Less : I spend less than I earn.
Least : I am least worried about his result.

3. Fewer : There are fewer boys than girls in the class.
Fewest : Attendance is the fewest today.

4. More : I have more clothes than my sister.
Most : Most of the students are absent today.

VI. Form adjectives by joining letters from circle ‘B’ with circle ‘A’ and make sentences of your own. One has been done for you.

1. yearly – They are holding yearly meeting.
2. lovely – She is a lovely girl.
3. handy – I have a handy bag.
4. useful – Milk is useful for health.
5. girlish – I don’t like your girlish behaviour.
6. childish – I don’t like your childish talks.
7. costly – The watch is very costly.
8. dutiful – Hira is a dutiful son.
9. thoughtful – He is in a thoughtful mood.
10. noisy – I cannot work in a noisy atmosphere.
11. motherly – She showers motherly love upon me.

VII. Pick out the adjectives in the following sentences and say whether they are adjectives of quality, quantity or number. The first one has been done for you:

1. Sonu is a dishonest man. (quality)
2. Dolly is six years old. (number)
3. There is little hope for her survival. (quantity)
4. There is very little milk to drink (quantity)
5. Those poor children are hungry. (quality)
6. How many marks have you got ? (number)
7. An empty mind is a devil’s workshop. (quality)
8. I have enough cash to buy a mobile. (quantity)

VIII. Underline the adjectives in the given sentences. The first one has been done for you:

1. A small leak can sink a big ship.
2. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
3. He gave me many sweets.
4. These apples are raw.
5. The dog is a faithful animal.
6. Which book do you want to buy ?
7. There is a little milk in the jug.
8. A wise enemy is better than a foolish friend.
9. This is cold water.
10. He has enough milk for tea.

IX. Correct the degrees of adjectives in the sentences. The first one has been done for you:

1. He is the strong man in our village.
He is the strongest man in our village.

2. Ram gets less salary.
Ram gets a little salary.

3. Mohan is my older brother.
Mohan is my elder brother.

4. This mountain is high than that mountain.
This mountain is higher than that mountain.

5. My handwriting is better in the class.
My handwriting is the best in the class.

6. Gita’s left hand is weak than the right hand.
Gita’s left hand is weaker than the right hand.

7. Suman is good than Gurmeet in music.
Suman is better than Gurmeet in music.

Exercise 3

I. Underline demonstrative adjectives in the sentences. The first one has been done for you:

1. This sari is hand-painted.
2. Give me that book.
3. That book belongs to Milan.
4. These mangoes are for distribution.
5. These boys did not appear for the test.
6. Take that pot to the kitchen.
7. Ahmed joined this school recently.
8. Where did you get those flowers from?
9. Mohan presented me this silver plate.
10. We did not go to those places for security reasons.
Hints:
2. that
3. That
4. These
5. These
6. that
7. this
8. those
9. this
10. those.

II. Underline possessive adjectives and underline interrogative adjectives in these sentences:

1. What colour is your hair ?
2. Which is my towel ?
3. Whose car has her sister taken ?
4. What gift have you bought for your friend ?
5. Which desk is yours?
6. What is your name?
7. Whose watch has her brother worn ?
8. Which tools does the gardener need for his work ?
9. Which chocolates do you want for your shop ?
Hints:
1. What, your
2. Which, my
3. Whose, her
4. What, your
5. Which, yours
6. What, your
7. Whose, her
8. Which, his
9. Which, your.

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 15 Introduction to Graphs InText Questions and Answers.

PSEB 8th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 15 Introduction to Graphs InText Questions

Try These : [Textbook Page No. 244]

1. In the above example, use the graph to find how much petrol can be purchased for ₹ 800.

Solution:
We can find the quantity of petrol to be got for ₹ 800. For this take a point on the Y-axis (0, 800). Now, draw a line parallel to X-axis to meet the graph at the point B. Now, from the point B, draw a line parallel to Y-axis, which intersect X-axis in the point C. Coordinate of the point C : (16, 0).
Hence, 16 litres of petrol can be purchased for ₹ 800.

Think, Discuss and Write : [Textbook Page No. 243]

1. The number of litres of petrol you buy to fill a car’s petrol tank will decide the amount you have to pay. Which is the independent variable here? Think about it.
Solution:
Here, we clearly understand that graph of quantity of petrol (litre) and amount to pay (₹) should be a line.
Both quantities are in direct proportion. If we fill more litres of petrol, we have to pay more amount and vice versa.
∴ Petrol is the independent variable.

Try These : [Textbook Page No. 245]

1. Is Example 7, a case of direct variation?
Solution:
Yes, Example 7 given on page 245 (Textbook), is a case of direct variation. As the principal increases, the simple interest on it also increases proportionately.

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions English Grammar Adverbs Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 7th Class English Grammar Adverbs

An Adverb is a word which modifies or adds something to the meanings of a Verb, an Adjective or another Adverb.
जो शब्द किसी Verb, Adjective अथवा किसी अन्य Adverb की विशेषता प्रकट करे उसे Adverb (क्रिया):

1. He speaks loudly.
2. Snowfall was very beautiful.
3. Mr. Sharma walks too slowly.

पहले वाक्य में loudly शब्द speaks (Verb) की विशेषता प्रकट करता है।
दूसरे वाक्य में very शब्द beautiful (Adjective) की विशेषता प्रकट करता है।
तीसरे वाक्य में too शब्द Slowly (Adverb) की विशेषता प्रकट करता है।

Exercise 1

Underline the adverbs in the following sentences:

1. The child slept soundly.
2. Meena works hard for her living.
3. Sam will return tomorrow.
4. Simi lives there.
5. Flies go everywhere.
6. Navjot talks softly.
7. The car stopped outside.
8. We must always speak respectfully to our elders.
9. Pammi looked sadly at Rani.
10. Aunt cooked quickly for us.
Hints:
1. soundly
2. hard
3. tomorrow
4. there
5. everywhere
6. softly
7. outside
8. always, respectfully
9. sadly
10. quickly.

Exercise 2

Fill in the blanks with appropriate adverbs of manner from the box. The first one has been done for you:

rudely
thoughtfully
heavily
politely
sincerely
happily
quickly
quietly
1. The children ate quickly.
2. Samir went ………. to the hostel.
3. The boy looked ………. at me.
4. The father sat …………
5. Teachers work ……….
6. The father spoke ………. to his son.
7. The salesman answered ……….
8. It rained ………. yesterday.
Hints:
2. happily
3. rudely
4. thoughtfully
5. sincerely
6. quietly
7. politely
8. heavily.

Exercise 3

A table has been given below with adverbs of time. Make sentences using words from the different columns. The first one has been done for you.

Answer:
(1) Father has already read the paper.
(2) Grandfather is still in bed.
(3) The bus is already at the gate.
(4) Mother hasn’t yet, had breakfast.
(5) Grandmother is still in the garden.
(6) My sister hasn’t yet left for office.
(7) The dog is still at the gate.
(8) The doctor will soon leave for the hospital.

Exercise 4

I. Underline the adverbs of place in the following sentences. The first one has been done for you:

1. Maya stood therė.
2. Children ran up and down.
3. The hunter looked inside the box.
4. We walked in by the first gate.
5. Tilak ran forward.
6. Raj went everywhere for his test.

II. Match the following verbs and adverbs given below:

Answer:

Exercise 5

I. Using the words given in the box, complete the following sentences. The first one has been done for you:

seldom, twice, often, once, always, frequently
1. The students went ………… to see Gadar.
2. The man dived ………….. into the river.
3. I …………. keep medicines with me.
4. We ………….. go out to eat.
5. My grandmother …………. visits Sri Harmandar Sahib.
6. We …………….. go to watch movies.
7. I …………. dream of going abroad.
8. Sanjay goes …………. for walks.
Answer:
1. The students went twice to see Gadar.
2. The man dived once into the river.
3. I often keep medicines with me.
4. We seldom go out to eat.
5. My grandmother frequently visits Sri Harmandar Sahib.
6. We seldom go to watch movies.
7. I always dream of going abroad.
8. Sanjay goes frequently for walks.

II. Rewrite the sentences using the words given in the brackets. The first one has been done for you:

1. Ajay ……………… borrows books from me. (often)
Ajay often borrows books from me.

2. Children are difficult to get along with. (sometimes)
Children are sometimes difficult to get along with.

3. I will work in a factory (never).
I will never work in a factory.

4. Ludhiana is cold in January (usually)
Ludhiana is usually cold in January.

5. Harpreet is cheerful. (always)
Harpreet is always cheerful.

6. Raman concentrates on his studies. (seldom)
Raman seldom concentrates on his studies.

7. Krishma is a crowd puller (always).
Krishma is always a crowd puller.

8. Anjan drives fast (never).
Anjan never drives fast.

Exercise 6

Use these adverbs of degree : fully, almost, most, very, quite, extremely, nearly in sentences of your own. One has been done for you:

1. The students ……….. agreed with the teacher.
2. It is ………… time to go.
3. Mr. A is ……….. wanted criminal.
4. He is ………… rich.
5. I am ………. well.
6. It is …………. cold.
7. This pot is ………. empty.
Answer:
1. The students fully agreed with the teacher.
2. It is almost time to go.
3. Mr. A is most wanted criminal.
4. He is very rich.
5. I am quite well.
6. It is extremely cold.
7. This pot is nearly empty.

Exercise 7

Write questions to the answers given below. The first one has been done for you:

1. Where did you go?
Answer:
I went to get some water.

2. How many friends has Suraj?
Answer:
Suraj has five friends.

3. When did your mother come?
Answer:
My mother came yesterday.

4. Where were the children?
Answer:
The children were in the house.

5. How is the patient keeping?
Answer:
The patient is keeping well.

6. Where is Tirupati ?
Answer:
Tirupati is in Tamil Nadu.

7. When do you plan to return?
Answer:
I plan to return tomorrow.

8. Why are you sad ?
Answer:
I am sad for I have lost a pen.

Exercise 8

Fill in the blanks with the positive, comparative or the superlative degree of adverbs given in brackets:

1. Raj likes painting best (well) of all.
2. He worked as …………………… (slowly) as he wished.
3. Amarjit walks ……………………. (quickly) than I do.
4. Carl Lewis ran ……………………… (fast) of all.
5. You came …………………… (early) than I expected.
6. Suman acted …………………. (generously) among all.
7. Actions speak ……………………… (loud) than words.
8. It is not correct to go any ……………………. (far) in this storm.
9. The ………………….. (early) you leave, the ……………… (soon) you can return.
10. Fatima doesn’t shout as ………………. (loudly) as you do.

Hints:
2. slowly
3. more quickly
4. fastest
5. earlier
6. most generously
7. louder
8. farther
9. earlier, sooner
10. loudly.

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions English Vocabulary Prefix and Suffix Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 7th Class English Vocabulary Prefix and Suffix

A- Prefix

Prefix : mid-
mid+way = midway
mid+term = midterm
mid+west = midwest
mid+stream = midstream
mid+day = midday
mid+night = midnight

Prefix : re-
re+read = reread
re+write = rewrite
re+think = rethink
re+start = restart
re+act = react

Prefix : over-
over+do = overdo
over+dose = overdose
over+load = overload
over+throw = overthrow
over+leaf = overleaf
ab+normal = abnormal
ab+sent = absent

Prefix : mis-
mis+manage = mismanage
mis+take = mistake
mis+use = misuse

Prefix : pre-
pre+view = preview
pre+test = pretest
pre+plan = preplan
pre+position = preposition
pre+tend = pretend
pre+caution = precaution
pre+judge = prejudge

Prefix : in-
in+vade = invade
in+ability = inability
in+action = inaction
in+effective = ineffective
in+visible = invisible

Prefix : dis-
dis- dis+agree = disagree
dis+able = disable
dis+grace = disgrace
dis+loyal = disloyal

Prefix : un-
un+well = unwell
un+able = unable
un+trained = untrained
un+do = undo

B-Suffix

Suffix : -able
favour+able = favourable
objection+able = objectionable
reason+able = reasonable
remark+able = remarkable
value+able = valuable

Suffix : -ance
accept+ance = acceptance
allow+ance = allowance
defy+ance = defiance
guide+ance = guidance

Suffix : -ment
agree+ment = agreement
attach+ment = attachment
fulfil+ment = fulfilment
pay+ment = payment
refresh+ment = refreshment
settle+ment = settlement

Suffix : -ful
beauty+ful = beautiful
care+ful = careful
grace+ful = graceful
hope+ful = hopeful

Suffix : -er
begin+er = beginner
build+er = builder
invade+er =invader
make+er = maker
command+er = commander

Suffix : -less
art+less = artless
hope+less = hopeless
noise+less = noiseless
taste+less = tasteless
weight+less = weightless
help+less = helpless

Suffix : -y
cloud+y = cloudy
fault+y = faulty
sand+y = sandy
sleep+y = sleepy
rain+y = rainy

Suffix : -en
gold+en = golden
silk+en = silken
light+en = lighten
soft+en = soften
bright+en = brighten

Suffix : -ous
grace+ous = gracious
nerve+ous = nervous
courage+ous = courageous
mystery+ous = mysterious
danger+ous = dangerous

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions English Grammar Conjunctions Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 7th Class English Grammar Conjunctions

A conjunction is a word which joins words or sentences together.
वह शब्द जो शब्दों अथवा वाक्यों को आपस में जोड़े, Conjunction (संयोजक) कहलाता है। जैसे:

1. Moti and Narain were friends.
2. I know that he is honest.
3. He failed because he did not work hard.

इन वाक्यों में and, that तथा because शब्दों एवं वाक्यों को आपस में जोड़ते हैं। अतः ये शब्द conjunctions

Exercise 1

I. Rewrite each pair of sentences by using ‘because’, ‘and’, ‘but’, ‘or’, ‘else’, “otherwise and ‘unless’. One has been done for you:

1. You must walk’ fast. You will not reach the station.
You must walk fast or you will not reach the station.

2. Rina is a girl. Tony is a boy.
Rina is a girl but Tony is a boy.

3. Radha is studying. Hardeep is watching cartoons.
Radha is studying but Hardeep is watching cartoons.

4. Find the key. You will be standing out.
Find the key else you will be standing out..

5. Lock the door. Robbers will break into the house.
Lock the door otherwise robbers will break into the house.

6. Study seriously. You will not get promotion.
Unless you study seriously you will not get promotion.

7. Take exercise regularly. You will not keep fit.
Take exercise regularly otherwise you will not keep fit.

8. Put the alarm. You will not wake on time.
Put the alarm or you will not wake on time.

9. Rama sells fruits. She sells vegetables.
Rama sells fruits but she sells vegetables.

10. I like my parents. They encourage me.
I Like my parents because they encourage me.

11. They started well. They failed in the end.
They started well but they failed in the end.

12. Control your ways. You will be punished.
Control your ways or you will be punished.

II. Using the conjunctions “so’, ‘therefore’, ‘because’, “as’, ‘since’, ‘though”, “still and “although’ make sentences of your own. The first one has been done for you:

1. I am not well so I did not go to school today.
2. It was very cold, therefore I did not go for a walk.
3. My father punished me because I stole his pen.
4. I forgave him as he spoke the truth.
5. Since he is my brother, I must help him.
6. Though they played well, they could not win the match.
7. Raj hit the gentleman still he forgave him.
8. Although he ran fast, he could not win the race.

III. Underline the conjunctions in the following sentences. The first one has been done for you:

1. I won’t forgive you unless you return my money.
2. Sanjay is rich yet he is a miser.
3. I am weak but I can run fast.
4. Although I am weak, I can run fast.
5. She is old, so her limbs are weak.
6. I was angry with him because he disobeyed me.
7. You are not an honest man, still I will help you.
8. The lady fed the child since she cared for her.
9. It is very hot, therefore I am drinking a cold drink.
10. As there is no milk, I am not having tea.
11. Take the medicine else you will remain sick.
12. Though he is poor, he is happy and content.
13. It was raining still the children went out to play.
14. We did not start the dinner till the guests arrived.

Exercise 2

I. Combine the following pair of sentences by using neither ……… nor ; either………….. or:

1. Soma is not intelligent. Gopal is not intelligent.
2. Hari doesn’t know the answer. Manjit doesn’t know the answer.
3. I shall write you a letter. I shall telephone you.
4. You can go by bus. You can go by train.
5. Our country isn’t poor. Our country isn’t small.
6. You can play in the playground. You can read in the library.
7. He has not come from England. He has not come from America.
Answer:
1. Neither Soma nor Gopal is intelligent.
2. Neither Hari nor Manjit knows the answer.
3. I shall either write you a letter or telephone you.
4. You can either go by bus or by train.
5. Our country is neither poor nor small.
6. You can either play in the playground or read in the library.
7. He has neither come from England nor from America.

II. Fill in the blanks with appropriate conjunctions and, unless, if, or, but, till, though, neither……. nor, either… or:

1. The beggar sang for a long time……………. nobody gave him anything.
2. He felt sad………….. stopped singing.
3. He is …………….. an actor …………… a teacher. He is a student.
4. The musician said, “Give me your violin ………….. I will play for you.”
5. They …………. eat bread ………………….. chapattis for breakfast.
6. ………….. I ran fast I missed the train.
7. I shall wait …………….. you return.
8. Catch me …………… you can.
9. You will be late …………… you hurry.
10. Raman will sing ……………. you so desire.
11. He saw me …………….. did not talk to me.
12. I have a rupee. You can ………….. take it ………….. leave it.
13. Gopal is not to be seen. He is ……………. at home …………….in his office.
14. He did not come …………… I invited him.
Hints:
1. but
2. and
3. neither, nor
4. and
5. either, or
6. Though
7. till
8. if
9. unless
10. if
11. but
12. either, or
13. neither, nor
14. though.