PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 2 Nursery Raising

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Book Solutions Chapter 2 Nursery Raising Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 Agriculture Chapter 2 Nursery Raising

Agriculture Guide for Class 8 PSEB Nursery Raising Textbook Questions and Answers

(A) Answer in one to two words:

Question 1.
Which fungicide is used for vegetable seed treatment?
Answer:
Captan or thiram.

Question 2.
What is the optimum time for raising the nursery of tomato?
Answer:
First week of November, first fortnight of July.

Question 3.
When should the Chilli nursery be raised?
Answer:
Last week of October to mid of November.

Question 4.
Write the name of two summer season flowers.
Answer:
Sunflower, Zinnia.

Question 5.
Write the names of two winter season flowers.
Answer:
Gulashrafi, Ice plant.

Question 6.
What is the optimum time for raising nursery of eucalyptus?
Answer:
February-March or September-October.

Question 7.
What is the length of poplar cutting for nursery raising purpose?
Answer:
20-25 cm.

Question 8.
Write the method through which true to type plants can be produced.
Answer:
Vegetative propagation-cuttings.

Question 9.
What is the seed rate of onion for one acre?
Answer:
4-5 kg per acre.

Question 10.
Write the name of two fruits and flowers which are raised through budding.
Answer:
Mango, Guava, Apple, Pears.

(B) Answer in one to two sentences:

Question 1.
Which vegetables are raised through nursery?
Answer:
Capsicum, Brinjal, Onion, Tomato, Cabbage, Broccoli, Chinese Cabbage, Chills etc.

Question 2.
Write the seed rate and time of sowing for nursery raising of tomato.
Answer:
Vegetable Time of sowing of nursery Seed rate per acre Tomato First week of November, first fortnight of July 100 gram

Question 3.
Which are two winter season flowers and when these can be sown?
Answer:
Marigold, Gulashrafi; time of sowing: September to March.

Question 4.
Which fungicide is used against damping off of seedlings of vegetables?
Answer:
Seeds are treated with captan or thiram against damping off.

Question 5.
Which fruit plants are vegetatively propagated?
Answer:
Following fruit plants are vegetatively propagated-Mango, Guava, Plums, Citrus fruits, Peach, Grapes, Pomegranate, Fig, Apple, Pears etc.

Question 6.
Which fruit plants are grown through seed?
Answer:
Fruit plants whieh are grown through seed are-Papaya, Karonda, Jamun, Falsa etc.

Question 7.
Write ideal method of nursery raising of poplar.
Answer:
Nursery is raised from one year old plants. Cuttings should be 20-25 cm long and 2-3 cm in diameter. Treat the cuttings with ehlorpyriphos and emisan against termite and diseases. Time of nursery raising is mid January to mid February. By keeping one bud above the soil, plant the cuttings in the soil and keep the soil moist till sprouting starts.

Question 8.
How to collect the seed for preparation of Drake nursery?
Answer:
These seeds are collected in winter from healthy, well growing and tall plants. Best time for collecting seeds is from November-December.

Question 9.
Which are the methods for nursery preparation of fruit plants?
Answer:
Nursery raising for fruit plants is done by using seeds as well as by vegetative propagation. Vegetative propagation methods are-cuttings, budding, layering, grafting etc.

Question 10.
What are the advantages for preparation of plants through cutting?
Answer:
It is a very cheap method and easy also. Plants developed are uniform and of same heredity qualities.

(C) Answer in five to six sentences:

Question 1.
How to develop plants through layering?
Answer:
This is a vegetative propagating method. In this method new plants are developed from mother plant while it remains attached to it. Layered shoots are encouraged to form roots while still attached with the plant. About 30 cm from the shoot tip remove the ring of bark and bury it in the soil keeping the end of shoot exposed. Keep the soil moist, roots will emerge after few weeks. Now separate the plant from the mother plant.

Question 2.
Describe the methods of budding.
Answer:
Budding is a vegetative propagation method. It involves the insertion of a scion on to the stock. A ‘scion’ is detached bud of a plant, while a ‘stock’ is the stem of parent plant. Buds should be taken from healthy plants which are known for their good quality fruits, and are disease free also. Cut in the bark of root stock should precisely match with the size of bud. Tie the bud tightly around the root stock keeping the bud exposed.

Question 3.
Descrbe briefly about the nursery raising of Sisham.
Answer:
Collect riped pods from healthy and straight trees in December to January. Nursery can be raised in poly bags or in seed beds. Suitable time for nursery raising is mid January-February and July-August. Soak the pods in cool water for 48 hours before sowing. Sow the seed at a depth of 1 to 1.5 cm. Seeds start germinating within 10-15 days after sowing. When plants become 5-10 cm high, thinning should be done and spacing should be 15 x 10 cm. For raising nursery 2-3.5 kg pods per acre are required. Nearly 60,000 plants can be obtained.

Question 4.
Describe the method of nursery raising of flowers.
Answer:
Flower nurseries are prepared on raised seed beds or in pots. Take soil, leaf mould, FYM each in 1: 1: 1 proportion and add 75 g super phosphate, 75 g CAN and 45 g murate of potash per m3 area. Mix all these properly. Thick layer of 2-3 cm of thin mixture is applied on raised seed beds. Sow seeds and cover with the same mixture and sprinkle water on these seed beds. Keep the soil of seed beds moist. It takes 30-40 days for nursery to become ready.

Question 5.
What are the methods for nursery preparation of fruit plants?
Answer:
Nursery can be prepared by two methods for fruit plants.
(1) Using seeds
(2) Vegetative propagation.

1. Nursery raising by seeds:
It is easy and cheap method to raise nursery from seeds. But the plants obtained are not uniform and also have different heredity traits and they may grow big in size. Management of such plants becomes very difficult.

2. Vegetative propagation:
There are four methods to raise nursery by using vegetative propagation.

• By cuttings
• Layering
• Budding
• Grafting.

Plants produced by this method are uniform and true to type plants. Plants grown by this method bear fruit early.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Guide Nursery Raising Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the future of nursery raising occupation for vegetables with respect to income?
Answer:
It is very profitable occupation.

Question 2.
The land choosen for nursery rasing should get sun shine but for how many hours?
Answer:
At least 8 hours in a day.

Question 3.
Which type of soil is suitable for nursery raising?
Answer:
Sandy Loam or Clayey Loam.

Question 4.
What should be the size of seed bed prepared for nursery raising of vegetables?
Answer:
1.0 to 1.25 m, wide.

Question 5.
How much should be the height of seed bed prepared for nursery rasing of vegetables.
Answer:
15 cm.

Question 6.
What should be the length of seed bed prepared for nursery raising of vegetables?
Answer:
At least 3-4 m.

Question 7.
Which fungicide is used to treat the soil of seed bed prepared for nursery raising of vegetables?
Answer:
Formalin.

Question 8.
What is used to treat the seeds used for nursery raising?
Answer:
Captan or thiram.

Question 9.
What is the time of sowing of nursery for brinjal?
Answer:
October-November, February-March and July.

Question 10.
What is the time of sowing of nursery for early season cauliflower?
Answer:
May-June.

Question 11.
What is the time of sowing of nursery for mid season crop of cauliflower?
Answer:
July-August.

Question 12.
What is the time of sowing of nursery for late season crop of cauliflower?
Answer:
September-October.

Question 13.
What is the time of sowing of nursery for rabi onion?
Answer:
Mid October to mid November.

Question 14.
What is the time of sowing of nursery for Kharif onion?
Answer:
Mid March to mid June.

Question 15.
What is seed rate for sowing nursery of brinjal and capsicum?
Answer:
For brinjal seed rate is 400 gram per acre and for capsicum seed rate is 200 gram per acre.

Question 16.
What is seed rate for cauliflower (early season)?
Answer:
500 gram per acre.

Question 17.
What is seed rate for mid season and late season crop of cauliflower?
Answer:
250 gram per acre for both.

Question 18.
Cultivation of which flowers is profitable?
Answer:
Guldaudi, Dalhia, Seasonal flowers.

Question 19.
In how many days the nursery for flowers is ready?
Answer:
30-40 days.

Question 20.
Which fruit plants are prepared by cutting method of vegetative propagation?
Answer:
Pomegranate, Mango, Pears, Guava.

Question 21.
What should be the spacing between cuttings and what is the number of buds used for nursery raising for fruit plants.
Answer:
Spacing should be 6-8 inches and there should be 3-5 buds.

Question 22.
What is the name given to plant on which scion is fitted?
Answer:
Root stock.

Question 23.
Which type of grafting is done for mango?
Answer:
Side grafting.

Question 24.
Which are the plants for agroforestry?
Answer:
Poplar, Eucalyptus, Drake, Sisham.

Question 25.
What is the length and diameter of poplar cuttings?
Answer:
20-25 cm long and 2-3 cm diameter.

Question 26.
Which chemical is used to treat cuttings of poplar against termite and diseases?
Answer:
Chloropyriphos and emisan.

Question 27.
What is the suitable time for preparing nursery of poplar?
Answer:
Mid January to mid February.

Question 28.
After how many years poplar plants are ready to transplant in the field?
Answer:
One year.

Question 29.
What is suitable time for preparing nursery of Eucalyptus (Safeda)?
Answer:
February-March or September-October.

Question 30.
When are the seeds of Drake collected?
Answer:
November-December.

Question 31.
What is time of sowing for Drake?
Answer:
February-March.

Question 32.
How much time is taken by seeds of Drake for germination?
Answer:
Three weeks.

Question 33.
Which tree is state tree of Punjab?
Answer:
Sisham.

Question 34.
For how much time pods of sisham are to be soaked in cool- water before sowing?
Answer:
48 hours.

Question 35.
What is the seed rate for sisham for preparing nursery for one acre?
Answer:
2.0 to 3.5 kg pods.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which type of vegetables can be grown by nursery raising?
Answer:
Those vegetables, which can tolerate the transplanting shock, can be grown successfully by nursery raising.

Question 2.
Which land should be choosen for preparing nursery of vegetables?
Answer:
A land which gets sunshine for at least 8 hours a day. Land should be free from stones. There should be no big trees near the land which may cause shading.

Question 3.
Why sandy loam or clayey loam is best suited for preparing nursery of vegetables?
Answer:
This soil has required proportion of constituents like clay, sand, silt etc.

Question 4.
Write about the size of seed beds for preparing nursery of vegetables?
Answer:
Seed beds should be 1.0 to 1.25 m wide and 15 cm higher than ground level and should be 3-4 m in length.

Question 5.
After treating the soil, how to eliminate the effect of formalin?
Answer:
The effect can be eliminated by turning the soil in beds once a day for 3-4 days.

Question 6.
What should be the depth for sowing seeds in the nursery and what is row spacing?
Answer:
Seed should be sown at a depth of 1-2 cm and line spacing should be 5 cm.

Question 7.
Give some important points which you keep in mind while transplanting the seedlings?
Answer:

• When seedlings are 4-6 weeks old, nursery is ready for transplanting.
• Stop irrigating the nursery before 3-4 days of transplanting.
• Transplanting should be done in the evening time’
• Irrigate immediately after transplanting.

Question 8.
Write about fertilizers for preparing nursery of seasonal flowers.
Answer:
Fertilizer requirement for each one cubic metre is 75 gram, super phosphate, 75 gram CAN, 45 gram murate of potash, for equal proportion of soil, leaf mould, and FYM (in the ratio 1:1:1).

Question 9.
What problem may arise for fruit plants prepared from seed?
Answer:
Plants prepared from seed are not uniform, become large in size and it becomes difficult to manage them. They are also not hue to type plants.

Question 10.
Give one advantage of preparing plants by vegetative propagation?
Answer:
The plants prepared by this method are true to type plants and are uniform in size such plants bear fruit early. They bear fruits, which are uniform in size, colour and other characteristics.

Question 11.
Write about cuttings of poplar.
Answer:
Prepare cuttings from one year old plants but not from training and pruning of branches of old plants. Cuttings should be 20-25 cm long and 2-3 cm in diameter.

Question 12.
How will you save cutting of poplar from termite and diseases?
Answer:
Treat the cuttings with 0.5% solution of chloropyriphos 20EC and 0.5% Emisan solution separately against termite and diseases.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give method of taking leaves sample for different fruit plants.
Answer:

Fruit	Method to take leaves samples
Mango	Take 30 leaves of 5-7 months in March-April. The branch should be bearing flowers or fruits for taking leaves.
Alucha	From the branches of the same year take 100 leaves of 3-4 months for mid-May to mid-July.
Peach	From the branches of same year take 100 leaves of 3-5 months from mid-May to mid-July.
Guava	Take 50-60 leaves from 5-7 months old branches (non-bearing) in August-October.
Citrus family	Take 100 leaves 4-8 months old after fruiting is over in July to October.

Question 2.
What do you know about the grafting of mangoes?
Answer:
Mangoes are propagated through grafting. For this purpose stones of mango are sown in August in a well-prepared field. Germination takes place in 2 weeks. These seedlings are transplanted to nursery when leaves are still of light colour and are one-fourth of actual size. Seedlings become graftable upto April. Take a healthy scion for grafting. Remove leaves from this scion. In 7-10 days petioles drop and buds become swollen. Scion is ready for grafting. Give two 4 cm sized horizontal cuts separated by 1-2 cm. Give another cut on the stock at 15 cm height from ground level. Bark from this portion of rootstock is lifted away.

A slanting cut is given to the scion on the base and removes bark also. The length of the scion stick should not be more than 8 cm because the chance of breakage is more for a long stick. Prepared scion is inserted under the bark flap of rootstock. The bark flap is restored to its original position and the graft joint is tied using polythene strips of gauge 150-200 thickness. When scion growth starts the upper part of the rootstock is lopped. This method of propagation is used from March to October in Punjab. The success rate is lower from May to October.

Question 3.
What do you know about Nursery raising of Pear, Peach, and Alucha?
Answer:
1. Pear: Rootstock is Kainth or Batank (rootsucker). Tongue grafting is done during January-February whereas T budding is done from June to August. 1 to 3 years plants are transplanted in mid-February and aged plants are transplanted at the end of December.

2. Alucha (Plum): The plants are transplanted upto mid-January. Plants are in a dormant stage. The rootstock used is Kabul green gaze. The basal part of graft 5 to 7.5 cm is dipped in IAA 100 ppm solution for 24 hours.

3. Peach: These are propagated by budding or grafting. Rootstocks are Sharbati and Khurmani. The other variety Florida has lesser seeds thus is not used as rootstock.