PSEB 9th Class SST Notes History Chapter 6 Russian Revolution

This PSEB 9th Class Social Science Notes History Chapter 6 Russian Revolution will help you in revision during exams.

PSEB 9th Class Social Science Notes History Chapter 6 Russian Revolution

→ Russian Revolution: In 1917, there had been the first socialist revolution in the world took place in Russia.

→ Reasons for revolution:

Before the revolution, the Russian social, economic, and political conditions were quite conducive to the revolution.
The condition of peasants and workers was quite a pity.
The rule of Tzar (King of Russia) was autocratic.
Common people had no political rights.
Consequently, people were against the Czar.
The Czar forced Russia into World War I and made a great mistake.
The miserable condition of the soldiers also led to frustration against the Tzar.

→ Lenin:

After Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles, Lenin is considered the greatest thinker of the socialist movement.
He played the most important role in organising the Bolshevik party and making the revolution successful.

→ The Revolution of 1905:

→ The Beginning of Revolution:

The Russian revolution begins with a procession of women.
Then a general strike of workers took place.
On 15th March 1917, the Czar was forced to relinquish his power.
Finally, a temporary government was formed.
According to the Russian Calendar, this incident is known as the February Revolution and people consider its beginning on 27 February.

→ The Success of Revolution:

With the fall of the first interim government (7 October 1917), Lenin’s government came into power.
It is known as the October Revolution. (According to the Russian Calendar on 25th February.)

→ Soviet:

During the 1905 revolution, a new form of the organization come into force. It is known as ‘Soviet’.
It was a council of workers’ representatives.
Initially, such councils were the committees of organizing strikes but later on, they become a means of getting political power.
After some time, Peasant’s Soviets were also formed.
Russian Soviets played an important role in the revolution of 1917.

→ February Revolution:

After a procession of women, a worker’s strike took place.
On 12th March, workers captured St. Petersburg very quickly, they captured Moscow as well.
The Tzar left the power and an Interim Government was formed on 15th March.
According to the old Russian calendar, this revolution took place on 27th February.
That’s why it is called the February Revolution.

→ October Revolution:

The Russian Revolution actually took place on 7th November 1917.
According to the old calendar, it was on 25th October.
That’s why it is called the October Revolution.
This revolution led to the fall of Kerensky’s government.
Its headquarter Winter’s palace came under the control of a group of sailors.
On the same day, a meeting of the Russian Congress of Soviets took place and it took power in its hands.

→ Bloody Sunday:

In 1905, the Russian revolutionary movement was gaining momentum.
In the meantime, a procession of workers, led by Father Gapon, reached the winter palace.
Police attacked them and fired on them with which 100 workers died and 300 wounded.
This incident in history is known as the ‘Bloody Sunday’.

→ Communist Revolution:

The Communist International or Comintern was organized in 1919 A.D.
It is also known as the Third International.
Its objective was to encourage revolutions at the international level.
At the time of the first world war, the socialist movement was divided into two parts.
Its separated group was known as the communist party.
Comintern was associated with the same group.
It was a platform at the world level which made policies for the communist parties around the world.

→ Socialism:

Socialism is a political system in which all the means of production are under the state’s control.
Its main objective is the equal distribution of economic resources.
In this system, no one is exploited and is exactly opposite to capitalism.

→ The 1850s and 1880s – Debates over socialism in Russia.

→ 1898 – Formation of the Russian Social Democratic Workers Party.

→ 1905 – The Bloody Sunday and the Revolution of 1905.

→ 1917 – 2nd March – Abdication of the Tzar, 24th October – Bolshevik uprising in Petrograd.

→ 1918-1920 – The Civil War.

→ 1919 – Formation of Comintern.

→ 1929 – Beginning of Collectivisation.