PSEB 9th Class SST Notes History Chapter 5 The French Revolution

This PSEB 9th Class Social Science Notes History Chapter 5 The French Revolution will help you in revision during exams.

PSEB 9th Class Social Science Notes History Chapter 5 The French Revolution

→ The French Revolution:

  • The French Revolution took place in 1789 A.D.
  • Common people lived a miserable life but Nobles lived a luxurious life.
  • That’s why the French people rose against Louis XVI (King of France) and brought the revolution.

→ The Tennis Court Oath:

  • Louis XVI did not accept the demands laid down by the representatives of the people.
  • So, the people collected at the Tennis Court and declared to form the new Constitution.

→ The Fall of Bastille:

  • On 14 July 1789, the fortress prison of Bastille was captured bj the revolutionaries and this led to its fall.
  • Even today, 14th July is celebrated as Bastille Day or National Day in France.

PSEB 9th Class SST Notes History Chapter 5 The French Revolution

→ The Declaration of Rights of Men and Citizens:

  • This declaration is related to the French Revolution.
  • It specified the equality of all men before the law and without reason, no one will be captivated.
  • In this declaration, freedom of speech and press was also accepted.
  • Most importantly, it gave stress on the concepts of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity.

→ Louis XVI:

  • Louis XVI became the French Emperor in 1774 A.D.
  • He was only 20 years of age.
  • He was incapable and worked under the influence of his wife.
  • He had no interest in administrative functions.
  • He had left all the administrative functions in the hands of corrupt officials who did not care about the public welfare.
  • Consequently, there was growing dissatisfaction among the people and finally, they revolted against the King.

→ Voltaire:

  • Voltaire was a famous Satirist writer of his time.
  • He strongly opposed the social superstitions and the evils prevailing in the Church.
  • He called Church the ‘infamous thing’.
  • He encouraged the people to demand reforms.

→ Montesquieu:

  • Montesquieu was a famous writer of his time.
  • He opposed the divine right theory of the Kings.
  • He liked the British system of administration.
  • His famous book was ‘The Spirit of Laws’.
  • His ideas gave great impetus to the revolutionary ideas.

→ Rousseau:

  • Rousseau was a great philosopher of the 18th century.
  • He gave his views in his book ‘The Social Contract’.
  • According to him, social composition and people must be based on mutual contracts.

PSEB 9th Class SST Notes History Chapter 5 The French Revolution

→ Napoleon:

  • Napoleon was one of those great men who was born in a simple family and reached the highest post.
  • He progressed from a post of a soldier to the French King.
  • He was born at Korsika island and by 1812 A.D., he established his supremacy on almost the whole of Europe.
  • Finally, many European powers collectively defeated him.
  • He died in 1821 due to abdominal cancer at St. Helena island.

→ Clergy: A group of people working in the Church.

→ Tithe and Taille: Tithe was a religious tax paid by the people to the Church and Taille was a direct tax paid to the government.

→ Manor: An Estate where was situated the land and palace of the Feudal Lord.

→ 1774 – Louis XVI became King of France.

→ 1789 – Convocation of Estates General, Third Estate forms National Assembly, the Bastille was stormed, peasants revolt in the countryside.

→ 1791 – New Constitution is framed to limit the powers of the king and to guarantee basic rights to all human beings.

→ 1792 – 93 – France becomes a republic, the king was beheaded. The overthrow of the Jacobic Republic, a Directory rules France.

PSEB 9th Class SST Notes History Chapter 5 The French Revolution

→ 1804 – Napoleon becomes emperor of France, annexes large parts of Europe.

→ 1815 – Napoleon is defeated at Waterloo.

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