This PSEB 9th Class Social Science Notes Civics Chapter 1 History, Development and Expansion of the Modern Democracy will help you in revision during exams.
PSEB 9th Class Social Science Notes Civics Chapter 1 History, Development and Expansion of the Modern Democracy
→ Since ancient times, there have been many types of administrative systems in the whole world such as Monarchy, Dictatorship, Authoritarianism, Totalitarianism but democracy is most prevalent in the modern world.
→ Democracy in the whole world started in the republics of Greece and Rome where direct democracy was available.
→ Here citizens of the state directly participated in the decision-making process of administration.
→ During ancient times in India, many states adopted the republican system.
→ During the times of Chola Kings, there had been some sort of democracy at the grass-root level.
→ The medieval period is also known as the feudal period when feudal lords were of great importance.
→ Consequently, democracy did not have a chance to come forward.
→ During modern times, the autocratic systems of kings were challenged and their powers were either removed or restricted by the Parliament.
→ The 20th century is known as the golden era for democracy when after the end of imperialism, many countries established democracy as the alternate system to imperialism.
→ After the second world war, many countries got freedom from the imperialist powers and they established democracy. India was one such country.
→ In Chile, Salvador Allende established democracy and did many works of social welfare.
→ But rich people didn’t like his works and with the help of army general Augusto Pinochet, overthrew Allende’s government and established military rule over there.
→ After 17 years of his rule, Pinochet decided to have a referendum from the public which they opposed and he was forced to relinquish the power.
→ Poland was a communist country where workers did a strike that spread on a large scale.
→ The government accepted their demands and workers formed a trade union called ‘Solidarity’.
→ In 1989, independent elections were held in Poland in which solidarity won a complete majority.
→ In this way, democracy was established in Poland.
→ Many Asian and African countries were the victims of Colonialism and European countries made them their colonies.
→ After the second world war, when their power was reduced, colonial countries started giving freedom to their colonies. India was one such country.
→ Ghana in Africa was the first country that gained independence from the British in, 1957 A.D.
→ At the international level, there is an institution called United Nations Organisation where all the decisions are taken in a democratic way. Each country is having equal voting right. It has 193 members.
→ There is one of the six organs of the United Nations Organisation which tries to solve the disputes between the countries.
→ Security Council has 15 members out of which 5 members (U.S.A., U.K., France, Russia, and China) are the permanent members and 10 are temporary members elected for a term of two years.
→ There is another organization at an international level called the International Monetary Fund with 188 members.
→ All these countries have voting rights in it but their power of voting is fixed according to their financial contribution to the organisation.
→ After looking at the functioning of the International Organisations although it seems that they work for the establishment of democracy but they don’t have democracy in their normal functioning.