This PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 12 Rural Life and Society will help you in revision during exams.
PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 12 Rural Life and Society
→ Land Revenue System of the British:
- The English East India Company got ‘Diwani’ rights of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa from the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam in 1765 A.D, As a result, the Company started collecting land revenue from these provinces.
- The Company wanted to collect more and more revenue.
- That’s why they adopted many new systems of land.
- First of all, the company started to give land on contract.
- The higher bidder was getting the right to collect tax from a particular area.
→ New Land Settlements:
- After this, the British made land settlements in new different ways in India.
- Out of these, Permanent Settlement, Ryotwari system, Mahalwari system were important.
→ Permanent Settlement of Land:
- Lord Cornwallis introduced the Permanent Settlement of land in Bengal in 1793.
- According to it, the landlords or zamindars became the permanent owners of the land and the peasants were crushed.
→ Ryotwari System:
- This system of land settlement was introduced in Madras and Bombay.
- According to this system, the government officers directly collected land revenue from the farmers.
→ Mahalwari System: This system of land settlement was introduced in Western U.P, Punjab, and Delhi.
→ Impact of Land Revenue System: Farmers became poor with the land revenue systems of the British and came into the clutches of debt.