PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 8 Organic Farming

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Book Solutions Chapter 8 Organic Farming Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 Agriculture Chapter 8 Organic Farming

Agriculture Guide for Class 8 PSEB Organic Farming Textbook Questions and Answers

(A) Answer in One to Two words:

Question 1.
According to the organic farming concept should we feed the soil or plant?
Answer:
Feed the soil, not the plant.

Question 2.
Where is National Centre for Organic Fanning situated?
Answer:
In Ghaziabad.

Question 3.
Shallow rooted crops should be rotated with which type of crops?
Answer:
Deep rooted crops.

Question 4.
Is burning of crop residues allowed or not in organic fanning?
Answer:
Burning of crop residue is not allowed.

Question 5.
Can Bt crops be grown in organic fanning?
Answer:
No, Bt crops can not be grown.

Question 6.
Which types of crops are grown as intercrops in organic fanning?
Answer:
Leguminous crops.

Question 7.
Name any one bio-fungicide.
Answer:
Trichoderma.

Question 8.
Name any one bio-insecticide.
Answer:
At trichogramma.

Question 9.
Name the website from where information on organic farming can be obtained.
Answer:
www.apeda.gov.in.

Question 10.
In which year India formulated standards for organic farming?
Answer:
In year 2004.

(B) Answer in One to Two sentences:

Question 1.
Which type of crops should be rotated in field under organic farming?
Answer:
Rotate deep roots crops with shallow rooted crops and legumes with non legumes.

Question 2.
What are the causes of increasing demand of organic products?
Answer:
People have become aware about the adverse effects of modem agricultural practices. Purchasing capacity of the people have also increased. This has led to the increasing demand for organic food products.

Question 3.
Which countries are die major markets for organic products?
Answer:
Countries which are major markets for organic products are America, Japan and European union.

Question 4.
Define organic fanning.
Answer:
Organic farming is a system of farming in which agricultural production is done without harming or damaging natural resources like soil, water and air and also without using chemical fertilizers, herbicides, fungicides and insecticides.

Question 5.
Define organic standards.
Answer:
Organic standards are certain minimum requirements which must be met for organic food production. In India these standards were formulated in year 2004. Which are acceptable by other countries.

Question 6.
Which areas in India are more suitable for organic fanning?
Answer:
Areas which are organic by default or are nearly organic and where rainfall is 68%, organic farming should be promoted in such areas.

Question 7.
Which organic products have higher demand in world food market?
Answer:
There is a huge demand of tea, basmati rice, vegetables, fruits, pulses etc. which are grown by adopting organic farming practices, in the world organic food market.

Question 8.
Which countries have higher demand for organic products?
Answer:
Organic products are in higher demand in countries like, Japan, America, European Union.

Question 9.
What are the organic standards for use of seed in organic fanning?
Answer:
Seed should be taken from organic crop but if such seeds are not available then use untreated conventional seeds.

Question 10.
How weeds can be managed in organic maize?
Answer:
Cow pea is sown in maize rows as inter crop and it is harvested after 35-40 days of sowing. This practice controls weeds in maize and green fodder is also obtained.

(C) Answer in Five to Six sentences:

Question 1.
Why there is need to go in for organic farming?
Answer:
Our country became self-sufficient in grains due to green revolution. But excessive use of fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides etc. have deteriorated natural resources like soil, air and water to large extent. Due to adopting wheat-rice crop cycle for many years, area under traditional crops like pulses and oil seed crops have decreased.

We forgot the basic principle of rotation of shallow rooted crop with deep rooted crops and of N legumes with non-legumes. Unnecessarily and untimely application of urea reached deep into the soil with the rain water. Pesticide residues have appeared in food products, milk etc. People have become aware about the adverse effects of modem agricultural practices. Purchasing capacity of the people have also increased. This has led to the increasing demand for organic products. To meet this demand organic farming is in need.

Question 2.
How soil fertility is maintained under organic farming?
Answer:
In organic farming, agricultural production is done by maintaining natural balance and without harming natural resources. Soil fertility is maintained by doing following things:

• Chemical fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides are completely prohibited.
• Cultivation of leguminous crops is must in the crop rotation cycle.
• Burning of crop residue is not allowed.
• Contaminated water like sewage water can not be used for irrigation.
• Use beneficial insects and birds for protecting crops against insects and pests.
• Genetically modified crops are not allowed.

Question 3.
How insect-pests and diseases are controlled in organic farming?
Answer:
In organic farming chemical fertilizers, insecticides, fungicides etc. are totally prohibited. In this practice insects and diseases are controlled by natural methods. Beneficial insects and birds are used for controlling , pests and insects. Extract of neem and bio-pesticides (Bt trichogramma) are used to control pests and insects. Bio fungicides like trichoderma etc.can be used for disease management. Mixed cropping like wheat and ’ gram help in fighting against diseases and insects and pests.

Question 4.
What is organic certification and who does provide the certification?
Answer:
If organic products are to be sold in market or if these are to be exported to other countries then organic certification is must. Certification guarantees that the organic product is produced as per the organic standards. Government of India has authorized 24 certification agencies.

A farmer has to register his farm with any one of the agencies. Inspectors of the agency visit the farms and check the compliance of organic standards by the farmer. After satisfaction, agency certifies the produce as organic. One can get more information about organic standards and certification at the site www.apeda.gov. in.

Question 5.
What are the advantages of organic farming?
Answer:
Advantages of organic farming are:

• Fertility of the soil increases.
• Production cost is reduced.
• Organic produce is sold at higher price.
• This is sustainable agricultural practice.
• It helps in increasing employment.
• Poisonous residue is not found in environment and food items.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Guide Organic Farming Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How is hoeing done in organic farming?
Answer:
Manually by hands, wheel hoe or by tractor.

Question 2.
Which crops are sown as inter crops in organic farming.
Answer:
Legumes.

Question 3.
To meet nutritional requirement of crops in organic farming which non-edible cake is used?
Answer:
Castor cake.

Question 4.
How many certification agencies have been authorized to do organic certification in India?
Answer:
24 agencies

Question 5.
How much food grains are required by 2020?
Answer:
276 million ton food grains.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give two advantages of organic farming.
Answer:

• Fertility of the soil is maintained and is increased.
• More income from organic produce.

Question 2.
Cultivation of which crops is reduced due to green revolution.
Answer:
Area under the cultivation of the traditional crops like pulses and oil seed crops is reduced due to wheat rice crop cycle which helped in bringing green revolution.

Question 3.
Which organic produce is in demand in world market and which countries provide market for these products?
Answer:
Basmati rice, vegetables, fruits, tea, pulses and cotton are in demand in Japan, America and European Union.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Write a note on production of organic crops.
Answer:
Agricultural practices to be followed for the production of organic crops are the same as for conventional crops e.g. seeds, varieties, method, of sowing etc. In organic farming chemicals like, pesticides, weedicides, fungicides etc. are prohibited. Weed control management is done by crop rotation or by some agricultural methods.

In maize rows cowpea is sown which helps in controlling weeds and also provide green fodder. In turmeric fields rice straw mulching is done to control weeds. Legumes help in maintaining the fertility of the soil by fixing nitrogen of the atmosphere in the soil. Nutritional requirements of the crops are met with by using farm yard manure, compost, vermicompost etc. Insects and pests are controlled by beneficial insects and birds and also by using biopesticides like, extract v of neem. Mixed farming system also helps in managing insects and diseases.