This PSEB 7th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 6 Human Environment – Settlements, Means of Transport and Communication will help you in revision during exams.
PSEB 7th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 6 Human Environment – Settlements, Means of Transport and Communication
→ Man: Man is a dynamic organ of the environment.
→ Agriculture and Industrial Revolution: It has given man a permanent lifestyle.
→ Human life: It appeared on earth only a few million years ago.
→ Nomadic life: For the major part of his life, the man was a hunter, gatherer and led a nomadic life.
→ Technology: Man invented fire, progressed from stone age tools to building shelters, agriculture, clothing, etc.
→ Civilisation: It represented cultural development and a stage of life of living in cities.
→ Settlements: Development of permanent villages, towns, and cities.
→ Sites for settlements: Preference-based on the availability of water called Wet Point’ settlements.
→ Other influencing factors: topography, availability of transport and communication, commercial activities.
→ Global village: As the distances have become shorter the world has become a global village.
→ Importance of Transport: Roads, Railway, Air, Shipping, Pipelines.
→ Roads: Offer ‘door-to-door’ service, can be constructed in mountainous regions.
→ Railways: Starting with steam engines, today use diesel or electricity – Metro rail (underground) in cities.
→ Shipping: Cheapest means today’s mechanized boats, trawlers, and ships in use.
→ Air transport: Fast but costly.
→ Pipelines: Used for distribution of oil, gas, or electricity.
→ Communication: Radio, telephone, television, newspapers, internet-global access even sitting in any corner of the earth-information and knowledge-based communication today.
→ Mass communication: Radio, T.V., and newspapers are effective means of mass communication.
→ Temporary settlement: A type of settlement that is occupied for a short time is called a temporary settlement.
→ Permanent settlement: A type of settlement in which people build homes to live permanently.
→ Transport: The means by which people and goods are being carried from one place to another.
→ Roadways: The widely used means of transport for short-distance journeys are roads. The roads can be metalled and unmetalled.
→ Railways: The railways are used to transport heavy and bulky goods long-distance.
→ Waterways: The use of rivers, canals, seas, and oceans to carry goods and passengers through ships and vessels are called waterways.