This PSEB 10th Class Social Science Notes History Chapter 2 Political and Social Conditions of the Punjab before Guru Nanak Dev Ji will help you in revision during exams.
PSEB 10th Class Social Science Notes History Chapter 2 Political and Social Conditions of the Punjab before Guru Nanak Dev Ji
→ Political Condition: Guru Nanak Dev Ji was born in 1469 A.D. The political condition of Punjab was not good at the time of his birth. The rulers of Punjab were weak and divided and fought among themselves. Punjab was passing through a phase of chaos and external aggressions.
→ Social Condition: The social condition of Punjab during the period was miserable. The Hindu society was divided into castes and sub-castes. The condition of women was pitiable. The rulers were fanatics. The people were of low moral character. They were ignorant and superstitious.
→ Lodhi Rulers: Punjab was under the rule of the Lodhis. The rulers of this dynasty were Behlol Lodhi (1450-1489), Sikander Lodhi (1489-1517), and Ibrahim Lodhi (1517-1526).
→ Punjab under Ibrahim Lodhi: Punjab was the centre of intrigues during the reign of Ibrahim Lodhi. The Subedar (Governor) of Punjab, Daulat Khan Lodhi invited Babur, the ruler of Kabul, to invade India.
→ Daulat Khan Lodhi and Babur: During the fifth invasion of Babur on India, Daulat Khan Lodhi, the Subedar of Punjab, fought against Babur. Daulat Khan Lodhi was defeated.
→ The victory of Babur over Punjab: The First Battle of Panipat was fought in 1526. In this battle, Ibrahim Lodhi was defeated and Babur occupied Delhi and Punjab.
→ Muslim Society: The Muslim society was divided into three classes namely, the Upper Class, Middle Class, and the Lower Class. The leading military commanders, Iqtadars, Ulemas, and Sayyids were included in the Upper Class. In the Middle class, the traders, farmers, soldiers, and low-ranking government officers were included. The Lower Class comprised artisans, slaves, and household servants.
→ Hindu Society: At the beginning of the sixteenth century, the Hindu society was divided into four main castes, which were the Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras. The goldsmiths, ironsmiths, weavers, carpenters, tailors, potters, etc. were counted among the lower castes. The Jats formed an important sub-caste.