This PSEB 10th Class Social Science Notes Geography Chapter 5 Land Utilization and Agriculture will help you in revision during exams.
PSEB 10th Class Social Science Notes Geography Chapter 5 Land Utilization and Agriculture
→ Land under Agriculture – 46.6% of geographical area or 1530 lakh hectares.
→ Per capita cultivated land – 0.16 hectares.
→ Fallow land – 7.1% or 230 lakh hectares.
→ Distribution – Net sown area to geographical area varies from 3.4% in Arunachal Pradesh to 84.2% in Punjab.
→ Landholdings – One-third is small, less than one hectare in size.
→ Types of farming – Subsistence, shifting, plantation, intensive, sedentary, and commercial farming.
→ Contribution of Agriculture – 26% Gross Domestic Product (Down from 52% in the 1950s).
→ Major Crops – Cereals (rice, wheat, millets, maize), pulses (arhar, urad, moong, masur, peas, and gram), oilseeds (groundnut, sesamum, rapeseed, linseed, castor, fibre crops (cotton and jute), Beverage crops (coffee and tea) and cash crops (sugarcane, rubber, tobacco, spices and fruits, animal husbandry and fisheries.
→ Technology – Use of wooden plough, bullock cart, Persian wheel, and now water pump and tractors.
→ Irrigation Revolution – From flooding of the field to the canal, sprinkler, and drip irrigation.
→ Green Revolution – Increase in crop yield with the help of fertilizers, high yield varieties of seeds.
→ White Revolution – Increase in milk yield especially buffalo milk in India.
→ Institutional Reforms – Abolition of zamindari and jagirdari, ceilings on land holdings, consolidation of land holdings, credit reforms.