This PSEB 10th Class Social Science Notes Civics Chapter 2 The Central Government will help you in revision during exams.
PSEB 10th Class Social Science Notes Civics Chapter 2 The Central Government
Indian Parliament:
- The Union Legislative of India is called the Parliament.
- Constitutionally Parliament consists of President and two Houses: Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
- The Parliament can make laws on all the subjects of national importance.
- It is the supreme law-making body.
Speaker of the Lok Sabha and the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha:
- The Head of Lok Sabha is called the Speaker.
- He is elected, by the members of Lok Sabha.
- He conducts the business of the Lok Sabha and maintains the discipline in the House.
- The Vice-President is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
Election Process:
- A bill has to pass through different stages before it becomes a law.
- Presentation of the bill in the House
- First reading
- Second reading
- Third reading
- The signing of the President
- A money bill can only be presented in the Lok Sabha only by a minister.
Qualifications for the office of President and the method of his election:
- Only that person can contest the election of President who fulfills the qualification for the election of a member of Lok Sabha.
- He must be of 35 years of age.
- He must not hold any office of profit in the govt.
- The President is elected by an electoral college.
- The President can be removed from his office even before the completion of his term by impeachment.
Executive Powers of the President:
- The President appoints the Prime Minister and appoints other ministers on his advice.
- He appoints Governors of states, Chief Justice of India, Chief Election Commissioner, Comptroller and Auditor General of
- India, the Chairman of Public Service Commission, and Ambassadors of India.
Judicial Powers of the President:
- The President appoints the Chief Justice of India and other judges on his recommendation.
- He also appoints the Chief Justice of High Courts.
- He can remit sentences.
Emergency Powers:
- President can declare an external emergency (Art. 352), Emergency in the states (Art. 356), Financial Emergency (Art. 360).
- In the absence of the President, his powers are exercised by the Vice-President.
Position of Prime Minister in India:
- Although the Constitution provides important powers to President actually they are exercised by the Prime Minister.
- So the President is the Nominal Head of the state.
Vice-President:
- He is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
- His term is five years.
Prime Minister and the Cabinet:
- The President appoints the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha as the Prime Minister of India.
- The Cabinet is responsible to the Lok Sabha.
Supreme Court:
- The Constitution provides for the appointment of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
- Supreme Court has one Chief Justice and other judges.
- Besides the original jurisdiction, the Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction and advisory functions.