Class 7

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions English Vocabulary Punctuation Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 7th Class English Vocabulary Punctuation

Punctuation का अर्थ है-लिखने में प्रयुक्त विराम चिन्ह। जब कभी हम लिखते हैं तो हमें अपने भावों को स्पष्ट करने के लिए कई स्थानों पर रुकना पड़ता है। इसके लिए कुछ विशेष नियम हैं और उन्हीं के अनुसार हम विराम चिन्हों का वाक्यों में प्रयोग करते हैं। ग़लत चिन्ह लगाने से वाक्यों का अर्थ भी बदल जाता है। यह बात नीचे लिखे वाक्यों से स्पष्ट हो जाएगी।

Examples:

1. “The Sun”, said the Moon, “moves round the Earth.”
2. The Sun said, “The Moon moves round the Earth.”

ऊपर दिए गए दोनों वाक्य एक जैसे शब्द समूहों से बने हैं, परन्तु विराम चिन्ह अलग-अलग ढंग से लगाए गए हैं जिससे कि इनके अर्थों में अन्तर आ गया है।

पहले वाक्य का यह अर्थ निकलता है-
चन्द्रमा ने कहा, “सूर्य पृथ्वी के चारों ओर घूमता है।”
इसके विपरीत दूसरे वाक्य का अर्थ निकलता है
सूर्य ने कहा, “चन्द्रमा पृथ्वी के चारों ओर घूमता है।”

Capital Letters and Important Punctutation Marks

1. Capital Letters. [ABC]
2. Full Stop [.]
3. Comma [,]
4. Mark of Interrogation [?]
5. Inverted Commas [” “]
6. Apostrophe [‘]
7. Mark of Exclamation [!]

1. CAPITAL LETTERS

अंग्रेजी भाषा ही एकमात्र ऐसी भाषा है, जिसमें दो प्रकार के Letters (अक्षर) होते हैं

1. Capital letters (बड़े अक्षर) जैसे- A, B, C…….
2. Small letters (छोटे अक्षर) जैसे-a, b, c, ……

इन बड़े तथा छोटे अक्षरों का प्रयोग करने के विशेष नियम हैं1. प्रत्येक वाक्य के पहले शब्द का पहला letter (अक्षर) capital (बड़ा) होता है; जैसे,
Once a fox was hungry.
The teachers are teaching.

2. Inverted Commas (” “) के भीतर लिखे जाने वाले प्रत्येक वाक्य के पहले शब्द का पहला letter capital होता है; जैसे,
He said to me, “Who is he?”

3. Proper Noun तथा Proper Adjective का पहला letter capital होता है; जैसे,-
I met Mohan. (Proper Noun) He is an Indian. (Proper Adjective) I visited Japan. (Proper Noun) I like English people. (Proper Adjective).

4. दिनों, महीनों, त्योहारों, पुस्तकों, जातियों आदि के नाम सदा capital letter से आरम्भ होते हैं; जैसे,
He came here on Monday. (Day)
I read the Ramayana. (Book)
He was happy on Diwali. (Festival)

5. शब्दों का संक्षिप्त रूप (Abbreviations) प्रस्तुत करते समय capital letters का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे,
M.P., M.L.A., M.A., B.A.

6. भाषाओं तथा विषयों के नाम का पहला अक्षर capital होता है; जैसे,
Hindi, English, History, Science.

7. God तथा God के लिए प्रयोग किए जाने वाले pronoun (सर्वनाम) He, His, Him सदा capital letter से आरम्भ होते हैं; जैसे,
I pray to God. I pray to Him daily. I love His ways.

II. Use of Full Stop (.)

1. Exclamatory तथा Interrogative sentences को छोड़कर सभी वाक्यों के अन्त में Full Stop का प्रयोग होता है।
Ram ate food.
Come here.
He is a great man.

2. Abbreviations के अन्त में Full Stop का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे,
He is an M.A.
I met Mr. R.R. Sharma.
Sh. Tulsi Ram is an M.L.A.

III. Use Of Comma (,)

Comma का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित ढंग से किया जाता है:

1. एक ही Part of speech के शब्दों को पृथक करने के लिए; जैसे,-
(i) I bought a chair, a table and a fan.
(ii) He is kind, gentle and brave.

2. Apposition (व्याख्या करने वाले शब्दों) से पहले तथा बाद में; जैसे,
Ram, our friend, is going to England.

3. Reported Speech को शेष वाक्य से अलग करने के लिए; जैसे,
Ram said to me, “You are a good player.”

4. No तथा Yes के पश्चात्; जैसे,
No, I cannot go there.
Yes, I shall see him today.

5. तिथि को वर्ष से अलग करने के लिए; जैसे,
March 23, 20…. .

6. Adverb Clause को Principal Clause से अलग करने के लिए; जैसे,
When he came here, I met him.

IV. Sign of Interrogation (?)

प्रश्नवाचक चिन्ह (Sign of Interrogation) का प्रयोग प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य के अन्त में होता है; जैसे,
How are you?
Do you love me?

V. Use of Inverted Commas (” “)

(a) किसी व्यक्ति की बात को उसी के द्वारा कहे हुए शब्दों में व्यक्त करने के लिए Inverted Commas (“”) का प्रयोग किया जाता है; जैसे,
He said to me, “Where are you going ?”
Ram said to him, “How are you now ?”

(b) यदि किसी व्यक्ति द्वारा कहे गए शब्द दो भागों में हों, तो Inverted Commas दो बार आरम्भ होते हैं और दो बार बन्द होते हैं; जैसे,-
“He”, said Mohan, “is a foolish boy.”

VI. Use of Apostrophe (‘)

(a) Possessive case बनाने के लिए Noun के साथ प्रयोग किया जाता है; जैसे,
Sita’s house.
Ram’s house.

(b) किसी लुप्त अक्षर के स्थान पर भी इसका प्रयोग किया जाता है; जैसे,
Don’t = Do not
Can’t = cannot
Didn’t = Did not
I’ve = I have
That’s = That is
Haven’t = Have not

VII. Sign of Exclamation (!)

1. विस्मयादि बोधक (Exclamatory) शब्दों या शब्द-समूहों के बाद; जैसे,-
What a beautiful flower !
How fine the building is !

2. सम्बोधन सूचक शब्दों के बाद; जैसे,-
Thief ! Thief ! Catch the thief.
Mother ! Mother ! I am alone.
Foolish ! Do not do it.

3. सुख-दुःख आदि प्रकट करने वाले शब्दों के साथ; जैसे,-
Alas ! I am undone.
Hurrah ! We have won the match.

4. शुभ-कामना प्रकट करने वाले वाक्यों के अन्त में; जैसे,-
May you live long !
May you succeed !

Exercises

I. Rewrite the sentences using commas and capitals, where necessary. The first one has been done for you:

1. will you get the radio for us rachna ?
Will you get the radio for us, Rachna ?

2. the gita the bible and the quran are all holy books.
The Gita, the Bible and the Quran are all holy books.

3. the stars the moon and the sun are heavenly bodies.
The stars, the moon and the sun are heavenly bodies.

4. akbar the great and birbal were great admirers of each other.
Akbar the great and Birbal were great admirers of each other.

5. on reaching the banks of ganga he offered his prayers.
On reaching the banks of Ganga, he offered his prayers.

6. saying thus he breathed his last.
Saying thus, he breathed his last.

II. Rewrite the following sentences using appropriate marks of punctuation. One has been done for you:

1. what shall I bring you when I come back home said the king to his sisters.
“What shall I bring you when I come back home ?” said the king to his sisters.

2. the traveller said can you tell me the way to the nearest inn yes said the man
The traveller said, “Can you tell me the way to the nearest inn ?” “Yes”, said the man.

3. dont be afraid little boy I wont harm you I want to be your friend said the giant.
“Don’t be afraid, little boy. I won’t harm you. I want to be your friend,” said the giant.

4. will your mother not be sorry to see you without jewellery gaurav asked
“Will your mother not be sorry to see you without jewellery ? Gaurav asked.

5. how have you found so much wealth asked ali babas wife
“How have you found so much wealth ?” asked Ali Baba’s wife.

6. the staff room needs sweeping take the broom and sweep it said the principal.
“The staff room needs sweeping. Take the broom and sweep it,” said the Principal.

7. O king replied buddha this is the custom we always observe.
“O king”, replied Buddha, “this is the custom we always observe.”

8. mrs prasad said how much did you pay for this picture.
Mrs. Prasad said, “How much did you pay for this picture ?”

9. gopal sita radha and neelu went to ludhiana.
Gopal, Sita, Radha and Neelu went to Ludhiana.

10. the farmer said I cant give you any money
The farmer said, “I can’t give you any money.”

III. Use an apostrophe where necessary. Some may not need. One has been done for you:

1. The clowns hat had a feather.	The clown’s hat had a feather.
2. Bulbul’s eyes are brown.	Bulbul’s eyes are brown.
3. The boys ties were flying about.	The boys’ ties were flying about.
4. My sisters essay got the first prize.	My sister’s essay got the first prize.
5. The childrens books are torn.	The children’s books are torn.
6. Lets go to the zoo this evening.	Let’s go to the zoo this evening.
7. Crows nests are made of twigs.	Crows’ nests are made of twigs.
8. On Sunday therell be a fair.	On Sunday there’ll be a fair.
9. The babies dresses were on sale.	The babies dresses were on sale.

IV. Punctuate the following with commas and inverted commas, where needed.

1. Rajan said Goodbye.
2. Shiela says in our house there are chairs tables fans and radios.
3. Whose books are these ? said Rani.
4. I looked for my pen everywhere said Ali.
5. Give me the books, shouted Ranjit.
Answer:
1. Rajan said, “Goodbye.”
2. Shiela says, “In our house, there are chairs, tables, fans and radios.”
3. “Whose books are these ?” said Rani.
4. “I looked for my pen everywhere,” said Ali.
5. “Give me the books,” shouted Ranjit.

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions English Vocabulary Comparison using ‘as’ Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 7th Class English Vocabulary Comparison using ‘as’

एक जैसे गुणों वाली दो वस्तुओं को तुलना के लिए as………. as का प्रयोग किया जाता है। किसी गुणधर्म को Highlight करने के लिए उसकी तुलना उसी गुणधर्म वाली किसी भी अन्य वस्तु से की जा सकती है।

1. as good as gold
2. as happy as a clown
3. as sharp as a razor
4. as big as elephant

5. as heavy as lead
6. as beautiful as moon
7. as gentle as lamb
8. as silent as dea$
9. as small as ant
10. as thin as paper
11. as white as snow
12. as tall as giraffe
13. as clever as fox
14. as costly as diamond.
15. as proud as peacock
16. as hot as sun
17. as pretty as flower
18. as sweet as honey
19. as red as rose
20. as strong as iron
21. as innocent as lamb
22. as clever as fox/monkey/owl/crow
23. as wild as lion
24. as soft as silk
25. as light as cotton
26. as black as night
27. as wise as crow
28. as brave as lion.
29. as sure as death
30. as deep as ocean
31. as cold as ice
32. as black as coal
33. as busy as a bee
34. as clear as bell
35. as common as dirt
36. as deaf as a post

37. as easy as A.B.C.
38. as large as life
39. as light as air
40. as straight as an arrow

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions English Vocabulary Synonyms Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 7th Class English Vocabulary Synonyms

A Synonyms is a word which is same in meaning (एक समान अर्थ) to another word; as-

Word – Synonym

auspicious – happy/lucky
alive – lively
along – side by side
aim – objective
beautiful – pretty

bow – to bend
blaze – fire
believe – trust
banks – shores
courtier – a member of a royal court
comer – end point of some place
crack – rift
complete – full
cultural – traditional
celebrate – to hold make merry
deep – far-down
deities – gods/goddesses
diamond – a precious stone
dawn – morning
expect – hope
energy – power
famous – well-known
false – untrue
fright – panic, threaten
fervous – zeal
glance – look
gentle – kind
grey – brown
handsome – smart
honest – truthful
immobile – stationary
mounds – heaps/piles
nice – fine
overcome – win over
peace – calmness
patience – toleration
prepared – ready
paddy – rice crop
real – genuine
strong – tough
slumber – sound sleep
sight – scene
slightly – a little
stout – well built/strong
silent – quiet, motionless

smooth – plain
stuck – got busy
to pass – to move onward
tiny – little
together – along with
tense – nervous
trade – business
tribal – related to a tribe
ugly – bad looking
woods – jungle

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions English Vocabulary Antonyms Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 7th Class English Vocabulary Antonyms

An Antonym is a word which is opposite in meaning to another word; as

Word – Antonym

departure – arrival
ugly – beautiful
after – before

white – black
big – small
break – make
begin – end
buy – sell
complete – incomplete
clean – dirty
come – go
cruel – kind
cool – warm
catch – throw
care – neglect
calm – noisy
dawn – dusk
day – night
earth – sky
east – west
friend – enemy
front – behind
first – last
found – lost
give – take
good – bad
hate – love
here – there
hide – seek
happy – sad
hot – cold
in – out
late – early
love – hate
long – short
land – water
morning – evening
many – few
now – then
near – far
new – old
open – close
obey – disobey
proud – humble
push – pull
pretty – ugly
rich – poor
right – wrong/left
some – many
sit – stand
soon – late

tall – short
top – bottom
up – down
virtue – vice
wild – pet/domestic
win – lose
weak – strong

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions English Grammar Verb (Conjugation) Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 7th Class English Grammar Verb (Conjugation)

वे शब्द जो किसी क्रिया (action) को व्यकत करते हैं, Verbs कहलाते हैं। Verbs दो प्रकार के होते हैं- Main Verbs (मुख्य क्रियाएं) तथा helping verbs (सहायक क्रियाएं)

नीचे लिखे वाक्यों को पढ़िए:

1. Dev is sleeping.
2. Geeta made a doll.
3. They laughed.
4. The girls are going out.
5. Our team will play a match.

ऊपर दिए गए वाक्यों में sleeping, made, laughed, going तथा play मुख्य क्रियाएं (Main verbs) है। परन्तु is, are, will सहायक क्रियाएं (Helping Verbs) हैं। वे मुख्य क्रियाओं की सहायता करती हैं।
सहायक क्रियाएं निम्नलिखित हैं:
Is, am, are, was, were, has, have, had, do, does, did, will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might, must, ought to, need, dare, used to.

Exercises

I. Pick out the helping verbs in the following sentences.

1. I have found a bag.
2. Where were you going yesterday ?
3. I am learning to swim.
4. He has lost his book.
5. You may go out now.
6. I will bring an orange for you.
7. They are cutting the hedge.
8. Where do you live?
9. I shall give you some money.
10. You can go now.
Hints:
1. have
2. were
3. am
4. has
5. may
6. will
7. are
8. do
9. shall
10. can.

II. Fill in the blanks with suitable helping verbs:

1. The teacher…………. not punish the whole class.
2. We………….go for a picnic tomorrow.
3. Where………….. the books kept ?
4. Who………….stolen my money?
5. Which games…………played in school ?
6. The winner…………..receive a prize from the chief guest.
7. …………you seen the Taj Mahal ?
8. When…………..your tutor come to teach you ?
9. Ravi…………go to London or America for his holidays.
10. ………….I help you with your problems ?

Hints:
1. did
2. shall
3. were
4. has
5. are
6. will
7. Have
8. does
9. will
10. May.

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions English Grammar Translation Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 7th Class English Grammar Translation

Present Indefinite Tense

1. मैं स्कूल जाता हूँ। – I go to school.
2. बच्चे खेलते हैं। – Children play.
3. माता जी खाना बनाते हैं। – Mother cooks food.
4. लड़के खेलते हैं। – Boys play.
5. मोहित दांत साफ़ करता है। – Mohit brushes his teeth.

Present Indefinite Tense (Interrogative)

1. क्या आप स्कूल जाते हैं ? – Do you go to school ?
2. आप क्या चाहते हो ? – What do you want ?
3. आप देर से क्यों आते हो ? – Why do you come late ?
4. आप कहाँ रहते हो। – Where do you live?
5. आपका स्कूल कब लगता है ? – When does your school start ?

Present Indefinite Tense (Negative)

1. रोहित झूठ नहीं बोलता है। – Rohit does not tell lies.
2. मैं खाना बेकार नहीं करता हूँ। – I don’t waste food.
3. आप गाना नहीं गाते हो। – You do not sing a song.
4. समय किसी के लिए भी नहीं रूकता है। – Time does not wait for anyone.
5. हम स्कूल लेट नहीं जाते। – We do not go to school late.

Past Indefinite Tense

1. मैं स्कूल गया। – I went to school.
2. आपने खाना खाया। – You took food.
3. मेरी माता जी ने भोजन बनाया। – My mother cooked food.
4. मैंने कल पाठ याद किया। – I learnt my lesson yesterday.
5. चपरासी ने घंटी बजाई। – The peon rang the bell.

Past Indefinite Tense (Interrogative)

1. क्या आप कल स्कूल गए थे ? – Did you go to school yesterday ?
2. आप कल कितने बजे बाज़ार गए थे ? – At what time did you go to the market yesterday ?
3. आप कल देर से क्यों आए ? – Why did you come late yesterday ?
4. उन्होंने मेरी बात क्यों नहीं सुनी ? – Why did they not listen to me ?
5. उषा ने खाना कब बनाया। – When did Usha cook food ?

Past Indefinite Tense (Negative)

1. मैंने झूठ नहीं बोला। – I did not tell a lie.
2. शरन ने दवाई नहीं ली। – Sharan did not take medicine.
3. रचना ने कसरत नहीं की। – Rachna did not take excercise.
4. भारत ने मन नहीं हारा। – Bharat did not lose heart.
5. चपरासी ने घंटी नहीं बजाई। – The poen did not ring the bell.

Future Indefinite Tense

1. कल बरसात होगी। – It will rain tomorrow.
2. मैं कल स्कूल आऊँगा। – I will come to school tomorrow.
3. वह कल दिल्ली जाएगा। – He will go to Delhi tomorrow.
4. आप कल रमेश से मिलोगे। – You will meet Ramesh tomorrow.
5. रमन कल मुझे ई-मेल करेगा। – Raman will send me an e-mail tomorrow.

Future Indefinite Tense (Negative)

1. बच्चे झूठ नहीं बोलेंगे। – The children will not tell lies.
2. पंछी गीत नहीं गाएंगे। – The birds will not sing songs.
3. नांव समुद्र में नहीं डूबेगी। – The boat will not sink in the sea.
4. आज बरसात नहीं होगी। – It will not rain today.
5. आप स्कूल से छुट्टी नहीं करोगे। – You will not take a leave from the school.

Future Indefinite Tense (Interrogative)

1. क्या आप कल मुझे मिलेगें ? – Will you meet me tomorrow ?
2. क्या चित्रकार चित्र बनाएगा ? – Will the painter paint a picture ?
3. क्या वह गाना गाएंगे ? – Will they sing a song ?
4. आप स्कूल कब आएंगे ? – When will you come to school ?
5. आप मेरा काम क्यों नहीं करोगे ? -Why will you not do my work ?

Present Continuous Tense

1. बच्चे पढ़ रहे हैं। – Children are reading.
2. अंजू कार चला रही है। – Anju is driving a car.
3. आपको पसीना आ रहा है। – You are perspiring/sweating.
4. पानी बहुत तेज़ बह रहा है। – Water is running very fast.
5. अध्यापक पढ़ रहा है। – The teacher is teaching.

Present Continuous Tense (Interrogative)

1. क्या पानी तेज़ी से बह रहा है ? – Is the water running fast ?
2. लोग वृक्षों की छाया क्यों ढूंढ़ रहे हैं ? – Why are the people looking for the shade of the trees. ?
3. क्या रानी निशी की मदद कर रही है ? – Is Rani helping Nishi ?
4. मोहन घर कब जा रहा है ? – When is Mohan going home ?
5. उसकी माता कौन-सा खाना बना रही है ? – Which food is her mother cooking ?

Present Continuous Tense (Negative)

1. छोटे बच्चे खाना नहीं खा रहे हैं। – Little children are not eating food.
2. रोहित गाड़ी तेज़ नहीं चला रहा है। – Rohit is not driving fast.
3. सीता अपना काम ठीक नहीं कर रही है। – Sita is not doing her work.
4. बरसात नहीं हो रही है। – It is not raining.
5. मकैनिक कार ठीक नहीं कर रहा है। – Mechanic is not repairing the car.

Past Continuous Tense

1. वह सफलता के लिए प्रार्थना कर रहा था। – He was praying for success.
2. मेरा भाई स्कूल जा रहा था। – My brother was going to school.
3. मां पैसे बचा रही थी। – Mother was saving money.
4. सिमर नई किताब लिख रही थी। – Simar was writing a new book.
5. बरसात हो रही थी। – It was raining.

Past Continuous Tense (Negative)

1. साइकिल तेज़ नहीं चल रही थी। – The bicycle was not running fast.
2. पंछी उड़ नहीं रहे थे। – The birds were not flying.
3. मेरी सहेली गाना नहीं गा रही थी। – My friend was not singing a song.
4. मेरी माता जी गुस्सा नहीं कर रही थी। – My mother was not angry.
5. बच्चे शोर नहीं मचा रहे थे। – The Children were not making a noise.

Past Continuous Tense (Interrogative)

1. क्या सभी अपना पाठ याद कर रहे थे ? – Were all learning their lesson ?
2. पारस अपना जन्मदिन कैसे मना रहा था ? – How was Paras celebrating his birthday ?
3. लेखक कौन सी किताब लिख रहा था ? – Which book was the writer writing ?
4. राकेश घर कब जा रहा होगा ? – When was Rakesh going home ?
5. बरसात कब हो रही थी ? – When was it raining ?

Future Continuous Tense

1. मैं कल बस से दिल्ली जा रहा होगा। – I will be going to Delhi by bus tomorrow.
2. मेरे माता जी इस वक्त खाना बना रहे होंगे। – My mother will be cooking food at this time.
3. प्रीति गाना गा रही होगी। – Preeti will be singing a song.
4. रचित फिल्म देख रहा होगा। – Rachit will be watching a movie.
5. कल मनजीत पेपर दे रहा होगा। – Manjeet will be taking a test tomorrow.

Future Continuous Tense (Negative)

1. अगले सप्ताह किसान फ़सल नहीं काट रहा होगा। – The farmer will not be reaping the crop next week.
2. परीक्षा के दौरान हम टी०वी० नहीं देख रहे होंगे। – We were not watching T.V. during the examinations.
3. मुस्कान शाम के समय चाय नहीं पी रही होगी। – Muskan will not be taking tea in the evening.
4. वह घर नहीं जा रही होगी। – She will not be going home.
5. बच्चा इस समय सो नहीं रहा होगा। – The child will not be sleeping by this time.

Future Continuous Tense (Interrogative)

1. गुरमुख शाम का क्या कर रहा होगा ? – What will he be doing in the evening ?
2. क्या कल सुबह सोनू पढ़ रहा होगा ? – Will Sonu be reading in the morning tomorrow ?
3. क्या नरेश नई किताब खरीद रहा होगा ? – Will Naresh be buying new book ?
4. क्या सोनू क्रिकेट खेल रहा होगा ? – Will Sonu playing cricket ?
5. निशी शाम को घर कैसे जा रही होगी ? – How will Nishi going home in the evening ?

Other Sentences

1. मेरा बात सुनो। – Listen to me.
2. विनम्रता से बात करो। – Speak gently.
3. अपनी किताब मुझे दो। – Give me your book.
4. एक-दूसरे को धक्का ना मारो। – Don’t push one another.
5. आपस में मत झगड़ो। – Don’t quarrel among yourselves.
6. वह आदमी अमीर है। – That man is rich.
7. चाय गर्म है। – Tea is hot.
8. वह घर सुन्दर है। – That house is beautiful.
9. वह अच्छा अध्यापक है। – He is a good teacher.
10. धरती सूर्य के इर्द-गिर्द घूमती है। – The earth moves around the Sun.

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions Chapter 2 Birbal’s Khichdi Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 English Chapter 2 Birbal’s Khichdi

Activity 1

I Look up the following words in a dictionary. You should seek the following information about the words and put them in your WORDS notebook.
1. Meaning of the word as used in the story (adjective/noun/verb, etc.)
2. Pronunciation (The teacher may refer to the dictionary or the mobile phone for correct pronunciation).
3. Words that normally go with the given word.
For example : ‘return’ does not take ‘back’ with it. It is not correct to say ‘I returned back from work’.
4. Spellings

glowing	starving	frozen	extreme
deserve	consider	warmth	brahmin

Activity 2

(Prefixes and Suffixes)

Look at the following words. Break them into smaller words and look up the meaning of the words if required.
Example : The word ‘uncooked’ can be broken as under.
un + cook + ed
In the example above, un – is a prefix to cook and -ed is a suffix.

Prefixes and suffixes : कुछ अक्षरों या शब्दांशों को किसी मुख्य शब्द के आगे या पीछे जोड़ने से उसका अर्थ बदल जाता है। ये शब्दांश Prefixes तथा Suffixes कहलाते हैं।

Prefixes : ये शब्दांश मुख्य शब्द के आगे जोड़े जाते हैं। इनसे प्रायः विपरीत शब्द बनाए जाते हैं, जैसे
un + happy = unhappy.
Prefixes with their meanings and examples :

Prefix	Meaning	Example
non-, un-, im-, in-, il-, ir-	not, opposite	nonsense, unhappy
re-	again, back	revisit, replay
mis-	wrongly, not	misunderstand
de-	reverse, remove out of	deactivate, dehydrate
CO-	with, together	coexist
dis-,di-	separation, away, apart, two	dislike, diacid

Suffixes : ये शब्दांश मुख्य शब्द के पीछे जोड़े जाते हैं। इनके प्रयोग से Nouns, Adjectives, Plural तथा Parts of Speech
जैसे – progress + ion = progression.

Suffixes with their meanings and examples :

Suffix	Meaning	Example
-er, -or	one who; or showing a comparison	teacher, faster
-able, -ible	capable of being	unforgettable, reversible
-d, -ed	forming the past tense or having the quality of	added, loved
-ing	forming a gerund meaning an “act of” or the present participle	singing
-ment	the act, state or result of an action	appointment, government
-ive	having the quality of	creative, divisive

Now let us look at some words from the story and see how we can break them. In the.. word ‘impossible’, im- is prefix and in the word ‘national’ – al is a suffix.
Answer:
1. frozen
2. return
3. extremely
4. disappointed
5. shivering
6. wisest
7. realise
8. looking

Learning to Read and Comprehend

Activity 3

Write answers to the following questions :

Question 1.
What time of the year was it in the story ?
कहानी में साल के किस समय का वर्णन था ?
Answer:
It was winter-January and February.

Question 2.
What had happened to the ponds and lakes ?
तालाबों तथा झीलों को क्या हुआ था ?
Answer:
The ponds and lakes were all frozen.

Question 3.
What did Akbar want to know ?
अकबर क्या जानना चाहता था ?
Answer:
Akbar wanted to know if a man would do anything for money.

Question 4.
Why did the brahmin accept Akbar’s challenge ?
बाहाण ने अकबर की चुनौती क्यों स्वीकार कर ली ?
Answer:
The brahmin accepted Akbar’s challenge because he was poor and needed money to feed his family.

Question 5.
How much money did Akbar agree to give to the brahmin ?
अकबर ब्राह्मण को कितना धन देने पर सहमत हुआ ?
Answer:
Akbar agreed to give two thousand gold coins to the brahmin.

Activity 4.

Who said to whom ? Write in the given space.

Question 1.
Stand inside the forzen pond all through the night without any clothes and I will give you two thousand gold coins.
Answer:
Akbar to brahmin.

Question 2.
How could you stand in the forzen pond in such an extreme temperature ?
Answer:
Akbar to brahmin.

Question 3.
Oh brahmin, you have cheated me.
Answer:
Akbar to brahmin.

Question 4.
Your Majesty, it is impossible to get the warmth from the lights glowing so far away!
Answer:
Birbal to Akbar

Question 5.
Birbal, I considered you to be the wisest in this country, but you have proved me wrong.
Answer:
Akbar to Birbal.

Activity 5

What do you understand about Birbal in the story ? Write three to four sentences on Birbal.
Answer:
Birbal was a courtier in Akbar’s court. He was very wise and witty. He solved the brahmin’s case very cleverly. He helped him get his reward. His plan of Khichdi forced ((विवश कर दिया)) Akbar to give the brahmin two thousand gold coins.

Learning Language
Adverbs :

Activity 6

Look at the following words. Notice what is common in them.

1. harshly
2. faintly
3. mainly
4. truly
5. frankly
The common thing about the words above is the use of the letters ‘ly’ at the end. The words can easily be divided into two parts. (word + ly).
For example : harsh + ly
Words that end with -ly are mostly Adverbs. Adverbs of Manner usually take -ly after a word.
‘ly’ खे समाप्त होने वाले शब्द मुख्यतः Adverbs होते है| ये मुख्यतः Adverbs of manner हेते है | समय को व्यक्त करने वाले Adverbs बारम्बरता को व्यक्त करते हैं

जैस —
1. The girls always get late for the party.
2. I usually do yoga every morning.
3. He is often late for work.
4. My dentist told me to brush my teeth twice daily.
Adverbs are of many types (कई प्रकार के) such as time, place, ‘manner, frequency etc.

Activity 7

Question 1
Divide the following words into two parts. The first has been done for you.
Answer:
1. mainly — main + ly
2. generally — general + ly
3. aptly — apt + ly
4. sternly — stern + ly
5. normally — normal + ly
6. suddenly — sudden + ly
7. carefully — careful + ly
8. rarely — rare + ly

Activity 8

Fill in the blanks with appropriate -ly words given in the box.

truly, sternly, fairly, certainly, quietly

1. Akbar spoke ………………. with the brahmin.
2. The exam was …………….. easy.
3. Birbal was ………… wise.
4. You should …………. take leave from work.
5. The student sat …………… after the teacher scolded him.
Answer:
1. sternly
2. truly
3. certainly
4. fairly
5. quietly.

Activity 9

The following exercise will help you to understand how Adverbs of Frequency work. Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.

Question 1.
I ……………. late on weekends.
(a) get up usually
(b) get usually up
(c) usually get up
(d) up get usually
Answer:
(c) usually get up.

Question 2.
My father …………… late for work.
(a) never is
(b) is never
(c) are never
(d) were never
Answer:
(b) is never

Question 3.
How ……………… on weekends ?
(a) often do you travel
(b) do you often travel
(c) often you do travel
(d) often does you travel
Answer:
(a) often do you travel

Question 4.
Tim …………. early for class.
(a) often is
(b) are often
(c) often are
(d) is often
Answer:
(d) is often

Question 5.
When do you ………… go on vacation each year ?
(a) always
(b) never
(c) usually
(d) ever.
Answer:
(c) usually

Activity 10 (pairwork)

The following grid has some-ly words. You can find them either vertically or horizontally. Find them and write them in the blanks given below. (The teacher will explain how to do the activity.)

Answer:
1. Certainly
2. Costly
3. Endlessly
4. Flatly
5. Usually
6. Surely
7. Morally
8. Daily
9. Monthly
10. Happily

Learning to Speak

Activity 11

Three sets of dialogues are given below. Practise them in the class.

Note : The teacher must get the dialogues rehearsed one at a time in pairs and small groups. The best three groups in speaking for each set will present their dialogue in front of the class. The teacher must help the students to understand the text and speak as instructed in square brackets.

Set I (Pairwork)
Akbar (to Birbal) : Tell me one thing, Birbal! Do you think a man will do anything for money ? [question]
Birbal (to Akbar) : Yes, Your Majesty. [statement]
Akbar (to Birbal) : Alright, then prove it ! [order]

Set 2 (a group of 3)
Birbal (to Akbar) : Your Majesty, this brahmin is ready to do anything for the sake of money. [statement]
Akbar (to Birbal) : Will he do what I say, Birbal ? [question]
Birbal (to Akbar) : Yes, Your Majesty. [statement]
Birbal (to the brahmin): Are you ready to do anything that His Majesty asks you to ? [question]
Brahmin (to Akbar) : Anything, if I get some money to feed my family, Your Majesty. [statement)
Akbar (to the brahmin): Stand inside the frozen pond all through the night without any clothes. For this, I will give you two thousand gold coins. [order]

Set 3 (a group of 3)
Akbar (to the brahmin) : Tell me, how could you stand in the frozen pond in such an extreme temperature ? [question] ·
The brahmin (to Akbar): It was very difficult. It was freezing. But I needed the money for my family. So I kept standing in the cold water. [statement]
Akbar (to the brahmin) : Was it due to money that you could stand in the water all night ? [question]
The brahmin (to Akbar) : Your Majesty, I could also see the faintly glowing lights of the palace.
The lights helped me. I kept looking at the lights and thinking about the food my family will get. [statement]
Akbar (angrily to the brahmin) : What ! Oh brahmin, you have cheated me! (exclamation]
The brahmin (to Akbar) : Your Majesty, I did as you said. I have not cheated. [statement]
Akbar (angrily to the brahmin) : You do not deserve the reward. You looked at the palace lights and got warmth from the lights. [statement]
The brahmin (pleadingly to Akbar) : Your Majesty, I have stood all night in the freezing waters of the pond. [statement]
Akbar (sternly to the brahmin): I will not give you any reward for this. If you say one more word, I will put you in jail for cheating. [order]
Birbal (to Akbar): Your majesty, it is impossible to get the warmth from the lights glowing so far away! (exclamation)

नोटः विद्यार्थी कक्षा में स्वयं अभ्यास करे

Learning to Write

Dialogue writing :

Writing a dialogue is a very interesting activity. If you already have a passage, converting it into dialogue form is very simple. You must remember :
कोई Dialogue (वार्तालाप) लिखते समय निम्नलिखित बातों का ध्यान रखा जाता है
1. You do not use words such as ‘said’, ‘asked’, ‘replied’, ‘told’, etc. Instead, you use ‘to’ at its place.
2. You use colon: after addressee put in round bracket.
3. You do not use inverted commas (” “) for what the speaker has to say.
Example :

Statements	Birbal told the messenger, “Give my message to the emperor.”	Birbal tells the messenger to go to the emperor and give him a message.
	Process (विधि )
Step. 1	Remove ‘told’, comma and inverted commas.	Remove ‘tells’
Step 2.	Instead of ‘told’ use ‘to’	Remove ‘to’ after ‘messenger’. Use ‘to’ and remove ‘tells’.
Step 3.	Put ‘to’ and ‘the messenger’ in round brackets after the name of the speaker.
Step 4.	Add colon (:) the name of the speaker and the addressee as in Birbal (to the messenger) :
Step 5.	………..	Make the first letter of the statement capital
Dialogue	Birbal (to the messenger): Give my message to the emperor.	Birbal (to the messenger): Go to the emperor and give him a message.

Activity 12 (pairwork)

Read the given statements and rewrite them as dialogues.

1. Statement : Akbar said, “Birbal. I considered you to be the wisest in this country, but you have proved me wrong.”
Dialogue :
Akbar (to Birbal) : I considered you to be the wisest in this country, but you have proved me wrong.
2. Statement : Birbal said, “Why, Your majesty ?”
Dialogue : Birbal (to Akbar) : Why, Your majesty ?
3. Statement : Akbar said, “How will the khichdi get cooked when it is one meter above the fire ? What is wrong with you Birbal ?” Dialogue :
Akbar (to Birbal) : How will the Khichdi get cooked when it is one meter above the fire ? What is wrong with you ?

Learning to Use Language

Activity 13 (Group Work)

Students will do this activity in a group of four or five.
Let us write a small paragraph. The topic is ‘A Visit to a Hill Station’. Read the questions given below and answer them in complete sentences.

Question 1.
Where did you go ?
Answer:
I went to Shimla.

Question 2.
Who did you go with ?
Answer:
I went with my uncle.

Question 3.
How did you reach there ?
Answer:
I reached there by bus.

Question 4.
How long did it take ?
Answer:
It took us three hours.

Question 5.
Where did you stay ?
Answer:
I stayed at an inn.

Question 6.
What did you do during the day ?
Answer:
During the day we visited touring spots.

Question 7.
What did you doʻat night ?
Answer:
At night we slept early because we were tired.

Question 8.
How was your trip ?
Answer:
We enjoyed the trip very much.

Now put all your answers together and write in a paragraph form in the following box.

नोटः विद्यार्थी इसे स्वयं करें

Comprehension Of Passages

Read the given passages and answer the questions that follow each :

(1) It was winter time. The ponds and lakes near Akbar’s palace were all frozen. At Akbar’s court :
Akbar asked Birbal, “Tell me one thing, Birbal ! Do you think a man will do anything for money ?”
Birbal replied, “Yes, Your Majesty”… Akbar ordered, “Alright, then prove it !”. The next day, Birbal came to the court along with a brahmin. He was extremely poor and his family was starving. He had no money to feed them.

Birbal said to the king, “This brahmin is ready to do anything for the sake of money”. Akbar asked, “Will he do what I say ?”.

“Anything, if I get some money to feed my family,” said the poor brahmin, before Birbal could reply.
The king said to the brahmin, “Stand inside the frozen pond all through the night without any clothes and I will give you two thousand gold coins.”

1. Why were ponds and lakes frozen ?
तालाब और झीलें क्यों जमी हुई थीं ?

2. What was the poor brahmin asked to do for money ?
धन के बदले ब्राह्मण से क्या करने को कहा गया ?

3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your answer book :
(a) Birbal came to the court along with a brahmin.
(b) Birbal had no money to feed his family.

4. Complete the sentences according to the meaning of the passage :
(a) Birbal was asked to prove that …………..
(b) Brahmin was extremely poor and ………..

5. Match the words with their meanings :

(a) pond	iced
(b) frozen	empty
	pool

Answer:
1. The ponds and lakes were frozen because it was winter time.
2. He was asked to stand inside the frozen pond all through the night without any clothes.
3.
(a) True
(b) False
4.
(a) Birbal was asked to prove that a man will would do anything for money.
(b) Brahmin was extremely poor and his family was starving.
5.
(a) pond – pool
(b) frozen – iced.

(2) In the morning, he returned to Akbar’s court to receive his reward of two thousand gold coins. The king asked the brahmin, “How could you stand in the frozen pond in such an extreme temperature ?” The innocent brahmin replied, “I could see faintly glowing lights of the palace a mile away and that was a ray of hope for me. I kept looking at the lights and thinking about my family that they will get food if I continue to stand in the pond.”

Akbar suddenly became very stern. He said harshly, “Oh brahmin, you have cheated me I will not give you any reward for this. You looked at the palace lights and got warmth from the lights. You do not deserve the reward.” Birbal said, “Your Majesty, it is impossible to get the warmth from the lights glowing so far away !”.

1. How much was the reward ?
ईनाम कितना था ?

2. Why did Akbar refuse to give brahmin his reward ?
अकबर ने ब्राह्मण को उसका ईनाम देने से क्यों इन्कार कर दिया ?

3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your answer book :
(a) The lights of the palace were glowing brightly.
(b) Akbar suddenly became very stern.

4. Complete the sentences according to the meaning of the passage :
(a) You do not deserve ……
(b) You looked at the palace lights and ……..

5. Match the words with their meanings :

(a) warmth	very serious
(b) stern	heat
	very cold

Answer:
1. The reward was two thousand gold coins.
2. Akbar refused to give brahmin his reward because he thought that the brahmin had cheated him.
3.
(a) False
(b) True
4.
(a) You do not deserve the reward.
(b) You looked at the palace lights and got warmth from the lights.
5.
(a) warmth — heat
(b) stern — very serious

(3) The next day, Birbal did not go to Akbar’s court. He sent a messenger to the emperor saying that he would come to the court only after his Khichdi gets cooked. Birbal did not turn up even after five days. The emperor himself went to Birbal’s house to see what he was doing. He saw that Birbal had lit the fire and kept the pot of uncooked khichdi one yard above the fire. Akbar said, “Birbal, I considered you to be the wisest in this country, but you have proved me wrong.”

1. What message did Birbal’s messenger bring ?
बीरबल का संदेशवाहक क्या संदेश लाया ?

2. Why did Akbar himself go to Birbal’s house ?
अकबर स्वयं बीरबल के घर क्यों गया ?

3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your answer book :
(a) Birbal turned up after five days.
(b) Birbal had lit the fire to cook his khichdi.

4. Complete the sentences according to the meaning of the passage :
(a) Birbal had kept the pot of uncooked khichdi ………
(b) Akbar considered Birbal to be …………..

5. Match the words with their meanings :

(a) emperor	foolish
(b) Uncooked	king
	not ready

Answer:
1. He brought the message that Birbal would come to the court only after his Khichdi gets cooked.
2. Akbar went to Birbal’s house to see what he was doing.
3.
(a) False
(b) True
4.
(a) Birbal had kept the pot of uncooked khichdi one yard above the fire.
(b) Akbar considered Birbal to be the wisest in the country.
5.
(a) emperor – king
(b) uncooked – not ready

(4) Birbal said, “Why, your majesty ?”
Akbar said, “How will the khichdi get cooked when it is one yard above the fire ? What is wrong with you, Birbal ?”
Birbal kept stirring the pot and replied, “Oh my Great Emperor, when it is possible for a person to receive warmth from the faintly glowing lights a mile away, then it should be possible for this khichdi, which is just a yard above the fire to get cooked.”

1. Who was cooking khichdi ?
खिचड़ी कौन पका रहा था ?

2. How was he cooking it ?
वह इसे कैसे पका रहा था ?

3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your answer book :
(a) Akbar started stirring the pot.
(b) Birbal’s khichdi was still uncooked.

4. Complete the sentences according to the meaning of the passage :
(a) It is not possible for a person to get warmth from lights ………….
(b) It was not possible for Birbal’s khichdi to get …………..

5. Match the words with their meanings :

(a) glowing	cooking
(b) receive	bright
	get

Answer:
1. Birbal was cooking Khichdi.
2. He was cooking it by keeping the pot a yard above the fire.
3.
(a) False
(b) True
4.
(a) It is not possible for a person to get warmth from lights a mile away.
(b) It was not possible for Birbal’s khichdi to get cooked.
5.
(a) glowing – bright
(b) receive – get

Use Of Words/Phrases In Sentences

1. Palace (mansion) —
Akbar lived in a beautiful palace.
अकबर एक शानदार महल में रहता था।

2. Frozen (Chilled) —
I was almost frozen with cold.
मैं ठंड से जम-सा गया।

3. Extremely (very, badly) —
It was extremely cold yesterday.
कल बहुत अधिक ठंड थी।

4. Glowing (shining) —
I saw many lights glowing in the park.
मैंने पार्क में बहुत सी बत्तियां चमकती देखीं।

5. Starving (dying of hunger) —
The poor beggar was starving for lack of food.
गरीब भिखारी भोजन न होने के कारण भूखा मर रहा था।

6. Warmth (heat) —
We made a fire for warmth.
हमनें गर्मी पाने के लिए आग जलाई।

7. Deserve (to be worthy of) —
First deserve then desire.
किसी चीज़ की इच्छा रखने से पहले उसके अधिकारी बनो।

8. Extreme (to the last extent) —
In June, heat is at its extreme.
जून में गर्मी चरम पर होती है।

9. Consider (take for) —
I considered him to be a rich man.
मैं उसे एक अमीर आदमी समझता था।

10. Shiver (shake with cold) —
The old man was shivering with cold.
बूढ़ा आदमी ठंड से कांप रहा था।

11. Turn up (reach/come) —
I waited for my friend, but he did not turn up.
मैं अपने मित्र का इंतज़ार करता रहा, परंतु वह नहीं आया।

Word Meanings

Birbal’s Khichdi Summary in Hindi

It was winter ……….. the night, shivering.

सर्दी का मौसम (समय) था। अकबर के महल के निकट सभी तालाब तथा झीलें जमी हुई थीं। अकबर के दरबार में : अकबर ने बीरबल से पूछा, “बीरबल, एक बात बताओ। तुम्हारे विचार में क्या कोई आदमी पैसे के लिए कुछ भी कर सकता है ?” बीरबल ने उत्तर दिया, “हाँ, महाराज।” अकबर ने आदेश दिया, “ठीक है, तो सिद्ध करो।”

अगले दिन, बीरबल अपने साथ एक ब्राह्मण को लेकर दरबार में आया। वह बहुत ही ग़रीब था और उसका परिवार भूख से मर रहा था। उसके पास परिवार को भोजन देने के लिए कोई धन नहीं था। बीरबल ने राजा से कहा, “यह ब्राह्मण धन के लिए कुछ भी करने के लिए तैयार है।” अकबर ने पूछा, “जो मैं कहूँगा क्या यह वही करेगा ?”

बीरबल के उत्तर देने से पहले ही ब्राह्मण बोला, “यदि मुझे अपने परिवार को पालने के लिए धन मिल जाए, तो मैं कुछ भी करूंगा।” राजा ने ब्राह्मण से कहा, “इस जमे हुए तालाब में बिना कपड़ों के पूरी रात खड़े रहो, तो मैं तुम्हें दो हज़ार स्वर्ण मुद्राएं दूंगा।” गरीब ब्राह्मण को धन की आवश्यकता थी। उसके पास कोई विकल्प नहीं था। वह ठंड से कांपते हुए पूरी रात उस जमे हुए तालाब में खड़ा रहा।

In the morning ………..listen to him.

सुबह वह अपने पुरस्कार की दो हज़ार स्वर्ण मुद्राएं लेने के लिए अकबर के दरबार में वापिस आया। राजा ने ब्राह्मण से पूछा, “तुम इतने चरम तापमान में इस जमे हुए तालाब में कैसे खड़े रहे ?” मासूम ब्राह्मण ने उत्तर दिया, “मुझे एक मील दूर स्थित महल की रोशनियों की मद्धम (धीमी) चमक दिखाई दे रही थी। वही मेरे लिए आशा की किरण थी। मैं लगातार रोशनी को देखता रहा और अपने परिवार के बारे में सोचता रहा कि यदि मैं इस तालाब में खड़ा रहा तो मेरे परिवार को भोजन मिल जायेगा।”

अकबर अचानक कठोर हो गए। उन्होंने कठोरता से कहा, “अरे ब्राह्मण, तुमने मुझे छला है। मैं तुम्हें इसके लिए कोई पुरस्कार नहीं दूंगा। तुम महल की रोशनियों को देखते रहे और उससे गर्मी लेते रहे। तुम पुरस्कार के अधिकारी नहीं हो।” बीरबल ने कहा, “महाराज, इतनी दूर चमकती रोशनी से गर्मी मिलना नामुमकिन है।” . अकबर ने उसकी एक न सुनी।

How could the poor ………… realise his mistake.

गरीब ब्राह्मण राजा से बहस कैसे कर सकता था ? वह अकबर के दरबार से निराश होकर तथा खाली हाथ वापिस लौट गया। अगले दिन, बीरबल अकबर के दरबार में नहीं गया। उसने राजा के पास यह संदेश देकर अपना एक संदेश-वाहक भेजा कि वह अपनी खिचड़ी पक जाने के बाद ही दरबार में उपस्थित होगा।

बीरबल पाँच दिन बाद भी नहीं पहुंचा। राजा स्वयं बीरबल के घर यह देखने के लिए गए कि वह क्या कर रहा है। उन्होंने देखा कि बीरबल ने आग जला रखी है और अपनी कच्ची खिचड़ी का बर्तन आग से एक गज़ ऊपर रखा हुआ है। अकबर ने कहा, “बीरबल, मैं तुम्हें देश का सबसे बुद्धिमान व्यक्ति मानता था, परन्तु तुमने मुझे गलत सिद्ध कर दिया

बीरबल ने कहा, “महाराज, क्यों ?” अकबर ने कहा, “खिचड़ी कैसे पकेगी जबकि यह आग से एक गज़ ऊपर है ? बीरबल, तुम्हें क्या हो गया है ?” बीरबल ने बर्तन को हिलाना जारी रखा और उत्तर दिया, “ओह मेरे महाराज ! जब एक मील दूर चमकती मंद रोशनी से एक व्यक्ति को गर्मी मिल सकती है तो इस खिचड़ी का पक जाना भी संभव है क्योंकि यह तो आग से केवल एक गज़ ही ऊपर है।”

अकबर को अपनी गलती का एहसास हो गया। उसने ग़रीब ब्राह्मण को बुलवाया और उसे दो हज़ार स्वर्ण मुद्राएं दीं। अकबर खुश था कि बीरबल ने उसे उसकी गलती का एहसास करवाकर उसकी मदद की है।

Retranslation Of Isolated Sentences

1. It was winter time.
सर्दी का मौसम (समय) था।

2. Do you think a man will do anything for money ?
तुम्हारे विचार में क्या कोई आदमी पैसे के लिए कुछ भी कर सकता है ?

3. He was extremely poor and his family was starving.
वह बहुत गरीब था और उसका परिवार भूख से मर रहा

4. I will give you two thousand gold coins.
मैं तुम्हें दो हज़ार स्वर्ण मुद्राएं दूंगा।

5. He stood in the frozen pond.
वह जमे हुए तालाब में खड़ा रहा।

6. I kept looking at the lights.
मैं लगातार रोशनी को देखता रहा।

7. He returned disappointed and bare-handed.
वह निराश होकर और खाली हाथ वापिस लौट गया।

8. Birbal did not turn up even after five days.
बीरबल पाँच दिन बाद भी नहीं पहुँचा।

9. He saw that Birbal had lit the fire.
उन्होंने देखा कि बीरबल ने आग जला रखी है।

10. I considered you to be the wisest in this country.
मैं तुम्हें देश का सबसे बुद्धिमान व्यक्ति मानता था।

11. What is the wrong with you ?
तुम्हें क्या हो गया है ?

12. Akbar realised his mistake.
अकबर को अपनी गलती का एहसास हो गया।

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions Chapter 1 Rent for Water Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 English Chapter 1 Rent for Water

Activity 1.

Look up the following words in a dictionary. You should seek the following information about the words and put them in your WORDS notebook.
1. Meaning of the word as used in the chapter (adjective/noun/verb, etc.)
2. Pronunciation (The teacher may refer to the dictionary or the mobile phone for correct pronunciation.)
3. Spellings

arguing

draw

bowing

pleaded

justice

नोट :-
1. विद्यार्थी Lesson के आरंभ में दिए गए Word-Meanings पढ़ें।
2. Pronunciation के लिए अपने अध्यापक से निर्देश लें।
3. दिए गए शब्दों की Spellings याद करें और इन्हें बार-बार सीखने का अभ्यास करें।

Vocabulary Expansion

1. draw water (to take out water from a well)
I am thirsty. — Please let me draw water from your well.

2. Your Majesty (respectful words used when talking to or about a king or a queen)
(i) “Your Majesty ! I am a poor farmer. Please help me.”
(ii) His Majesty will soon arrive at the palace.

3. get justice (to be treated justly)
(i) People go to the court to get justice.
(ii) The farmer understood that he will get justice in the court.

4. instead of (in place of)
(i) There were green small lanes instead of busy streets.
(ii) There were big trees instead of tall buildings.
(iii) I think I will have tea instead of coffee today.

Activity 2.

Insert instead of in the following sentences, wherever needed :

1. Today, I will have butter jam on my bread.
2. By mistake, Sahib went to the railway station airport to pick up his friend.
3. I want to buy Samsung mobile Apple.
4. I wore blue socks red.
5. Rajinder had fresh cream custard.
Answer:
1. Today I will have butter instead of jam on my bread.
2. By mistake, Sahib went to the railway station instead of airport to pick up his friend.
3. I want to buy Samsung mobile instead of Apple.
4. I wore blue socks instead of red.
5. Rajinder had fresh cream instead of custard.

Learning to Read and Comprehend

Activity 3.

Answer the following questions :

Question 1.
Why did the farmer buy the well ?
किसान ने कुआँ क्यों खरीदा ?
Answer:
The farmer bought the well to water his fields.

Question 2.
Who did he buy it from ?
उसने इसे किससे खरीदा ?
Answer:
He bought it from his neighbour.

Question 3.
What was the argument between the farnier and his neighbour about ?
किसान और उसके पड़ोसी के बीच किस बात का झगड़ा था ?
Answer:
The argument between the two was about the water in the well. The farmer wanted to take out water. But his neighbour would not allow him.

Question 4.
Where did they go to solve the issue ?
इस मामले को सुलझाने के लिए वे कहां गए ?
Answer:
They went to the court of King Krishna Dev Rai.

Question 5.
What did the king do to solve their case ?
राजा ने उनके मामले को सुलझाने के लिए क्या किया ?
Answer:
The king asked the wisest minister of his court Tenali Raman to solve the case.

Question 6.
How did Tenali Raman solve the case ?
तेनाली रमन ने मामले को किस प्रकार सुलझाया ?
Answer:
He solved the case by doing justice to the farmer. He asked the neighbour to pay rent for his water in the farmer’s well.

Activity 4.

Read and answer the questions that follow :

1. The farmer bought the well so that he could water his fields.
Who is ‘he’ in the sentence ? ……………….

2. ‘I have sold you the well, not the water, so you cannot draw the water from it.’
What does ‘it’ mean in the sentence ? ……………….

3. They went to the court of King Krishna Dev Rai.
Who are ‘they’ in the sentence ? ……………….

4. He was listening to the complaints of the people of his Kingdom.
Who is ‘he’ in the sentence ? ……………….

5. I bought a well from him to water my fields.
Who is ‘him’ in the sentence ? ……………….
Answer:
1. The farmer
2. well
3. The farmer and his neighbour
4. King Krishna Dev Rai
5. The neighbour.

Activity 5.

Read the sentences taken from the story. Answer the questions that follow in the given blanks.

Question 1.
They decided to take the issue to the king.
What was the issue ?
Answer:
The problem of water in the well.

Question 2.
Why are you looking sad ?
Who was looking sad and why ?
Answer:
The farmer was looking sad because his neighbour would not let him take out water from the well.

Question 3.
I want justice, Your Majesty!
What was the farmer’s argument ?
Answer:
The farmer’s argument was that he had paid for the well so the water in the well was his.

Question 4.
Tenali Raman had solved this tricky situation.
How did Tenali Raman solve the problem ?
Answer:
He solved the case by doing justice to the farmer. He asked the neighbour to pay rent for his water in the farmer’s well.

Learning Language

The Noun : Revision
A noun is the name of a person, place, animal, thing, etc.
किसी व्यक्ति, स्थान, पशु, वस्तु आदि के नाम को Noun कहते हैं।
Let us look at some sentences.

• Divyam is a good dancer.
• New York is a big city.
• Animals are important for the existence of human beings.

The words in bold are nouns. They are the names of a person, place, animal or a thing.

Nouns के प्रकार – The ‘thing’ mentioned above may be concrete (a bag, a pencil, a pen – something that we can taste sight see and touch) or abstract (peace, honesty, goodness – something that we can only feel but cannot see or touch).

नोट:
1. जिन वस्तुओं को हम देख तथा छू सकते हैं उनके नाम Concrete Nouns कहलाते हैं।
2. जिन वस्तुओं को हम छू या देख नहीं सकते केवल अनुभव कर सकते हैं, उनके नाम Abstract Nouns कहलाते हैं।

Look at the picture given below :

In the picture above, the word “glee’ is an Abstract Noun. “The dog?, ‘the ball”, “the grass’ and ‘the sky’ that we can see are Concrete Nouns.

Examples (उदाहरण) of Concrete Nouns
1. people (जनसाधारण) — (man, woman, dentist, teacher)
2. animals (जानवर) — (cat, dog, bird, eagle)
3. objects (वस्तुएां) — (book, pencil, pen, blanket)
4. places and geographical features (स्थान तथा भौगोलिक विशेषतएां) — (mountain, valley, Punjab, India)

Examples ( उदाहरण ) of Abstract Nouns
1. qualities and characteristics — (beauty, kindness, wisdom)
2. emotions and states of mind — (love, happiness, anger)
3. concepts and ideas — (justice, freedom, truth)
4. events and processes — (progress, Friday, Diwali)

Collective Nouns are words that describe a group of people, animals or things.

bunch

bevy

class

commitee

litter

A particular type of Collective Nouns is called “Nouns of Assembly’. These are phrases that describe a group of animals, such as
‘Nouns of Assembly’
1. a pride of lions
2. a murder of crows
But sometimes people also make up funny or clever new ones such as
‘Nouns of Assembly’ एक विशेष प्रकार के Collective Noun होते हैं | ये प्रायः पशुओं के समूह को व्यक्त करते है, जैसे
3. a blister of shoes
4. a forest of books

Activity 6

Read the sentences below and underline the Concrete Nouns and encircle the Abstract Nouns.

C = Concrete, A = Abstract.

1. I felt pain when the surgeon put stitches on my arm.
2. I fell in love with that little puppy.
3. After lunch, Seema went to the market.
4. My mom will pick me up from school every week.
5. The kitten jumped upon the table and ate the cake.
6. Sanya’s childhood was painful.
7. I have full trust in my maid.
8. She is planting flowers in the garden.
9. That girl is very beautiful.
10. A dog is a loyal animal.
नोट : शेष विद्यार्थी Hints के अनुसार स्वयं करें।
Answer:
2. love (A), puppy (C)
3. lunch (C), Seema (C), market (C)
4. mom (C), school (C), week (A)
5. kitten (C), table (C), cake (C)
6. Sanya (C), childhood (A)
7. trust (A), maid (C)
8. flowers (C), garden (C)
9. girl (C), beautiful (A)
10. dog (C), animal (C).

Activity 7

Given below are two boxes. Match the words in box 1 with their collective nouns in box 2. (The teacher can also convert it into a group game by cutting out the word labels in both the boxes and asking the students to match them.)

नोट :-Box 1 के शब्दों का Box 2 के Collective Nouns से मेल कराएं।
Answer:
1. an army – of frogs
2. a colony – of rabbits
3. a herd – of cattle
4. a litter – of puppies
5. a bouquet – of flowers
6. a deck – of cards
7. a lounge – of lizards
8. a range – of mountains
9. a bunch – of grapes
10. a fleet -of ships
11. a pack – of wolves
12. a school – of fish
13. a company – of actors
14. a flock – of birds
15. a swarm of bees
16. a pride of lions

Learning to Listen

Activity 8

The teacher will read a story twice. You must number the sentences given below as the events happen in the story. You will mark the sequence in the space given after each sentence. Number one has been done for you.
Answer:
1. Ram said that the mango tree was his; while Sham said he owned it. (2)
2. Birbal understood- the situation. (4)
3. Unable to find a way out, they decided to ask Birbal for help. (3)
4. Upon hearing Birbal, Ram nodded and said he agreed to the suggestion (5)
5. He said, “The tree belongs to Sham because the very thought of cutting it down troubled him.” (8)
6. Someone who has cared for it for three years won’t cut it down. (9)
7. He told the brothers to remove all the mangoes, share them between the two brothers and then cut the tree in two equal halves. (5)
8. Birbal found out who the real owner of the tree was. However, Sham pled not to cut the tree for he had nurtured it for three whole years. (7)
9. Once, two brothers, Ram and Sham, were fighting over the ownership of a mango tree. (1)

Learning to Speak

Activity 9

Look at the words given below. They are commonly mispronounced. Learn to pronounce them well. Repeat the words after your teacher.
(The teacher must check the pronunciation before teaching.)

1. clothes – क्लोद्ज़
2. monkey – माँकि
3. picture – पिक्च्अ
4. bury – बरि
5. dengue – डेंगू
6. donkey – डंकी
7. village – विल्जि
8. heart – हॉट
9. tomb – टाँब
10. Wednesday – वेड्ज़डे
11. women – वुमेन्
12. develop – डिवेल्प
13. plumber – प्लम्ब्अ
14. truth – टूथ
15. coupon – कूपन

Learning to Write

Activity 10.

Look at the picture given below. Describe the picture in your own words in the given space. You can use the following words to describe the picture.

park

children

playing

trees

green

slides

seesaw

clouds

sky

This is a lovely park. There are two tall trees with green leaves. Near them there are some little plants and small trees. Many children have come. They are having fun in their own way. Some are playing. A child is walking with his father. Two girls are going up and down on a sea-saw. Some boys are enjoying themselves on slides. The weather is fine. Some clouds are sailing in the sky. The scene is lively and fresh.

Word-meanings : Enjoying-आनंद उठा रहे, Lively-जीवित, Weather-मौसम, Sailing-चल रहे।

Learning to Use Language

Activity 11

Giving Directions Read the following phrases :

1. Go straight ….. सीधे जाइए।
2. Take a right/left turn ……. दाएं/बाएं मुड़ जाएं।
3. Turn left/right …………….. बाएं/दाएं मुड़िए।
4. Go along the road……….सड़क के साथ-साथ चलते जाएं।
5. Go down this street …….. इस गली/ सड़क में (पर) जाएँ
6. Walk down ……….. पैदल चलते जाएं।
7. Next to the …………………. इसके आगे
8. Go past. ……………… (वहाँ से) गुजर जाएां
9. Until you come to the …………… जब तक आप (वहां तक) पहुंच नहीं जाते।
10. For about 1 kilometre …………. लगभग 1 कि०मी० तक
11. About three buildings away …. लगभग तीन भवन आगे

Study the following road map of Malad Mumbai. Give directions to Nanika standing on the Palm Court side of the Link Road to reach Goregaon Railway Station using the above mentioned phrases.

Answer:
1. Take the Link Road.
2. Go along it till you reach Chincholi Bunder Road.
3. Turn to the left and then to the right.
4. At a little distance, you will see a flyover bridge. Cross it and you are at Goregaon Railway Station.

Comprehension Of Passages

Read the given passages and answer the questions that follow each :

(1) Once upon time a man sold his well to a farmer. The farmer bought the well so that he could water his fields. The next day when the farmer went to draw water from that well, the man did not allow him to draw the water from it. He said, “I have sold you the well not the water, so you cannot draw the water from it.” They started arguing. When they could not solve the problem, they decided to take the issue to the king. They went to the court of King Krishna Dev Rai.

King Krishna Dev Rai was sitting in his courtroom. He was listening to the complaints of the people of his kingdom. The man and the farmer came inside the courtroom of the king and greeted the king by joining their hands and bowing in front of him. The farmer looked very sad. King Krishna Dev Rai asked him.“Why are you looking sad ? What is your problem ?”

1. Why did the farmer buy the well ?
किसान ने कुआँ क्यों खरीदा?

2. Why did the man not allow the farmer to draw water from the well ?
आदमी ने किसान को कुएँ से पानी निकालने की अनुमति क्यों नहीं दी ?

3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your answer book.
(a) They decided to take the issue to Tenali Raman.
(b) The King was listening to the complaints.

4. Complete the sentences according to the meaning of the passage.
(a) The man and the farmer came inside ………….
(b) The two men greeted the king by ……

5. Match the words with their meanings.

(a) problem	objection
(b) complaint	agreement
	difficulty

Answer:
1. The farmer bought the well so that he could water his fields.
2. The man did not allow it because he said that he had sold the well, not the water.
3.
(a) False
(b) True.
4.
(a) The man and farmer came inside the courtroom of the king.
(b) The two men greeted the king by joining their hands and bowing in front of him.
5.
(a) problem — difficulty
(b) complaint — objection

(2) The farmer replied, “This man is my neighbour. I needed water for my fields. I bought a well from him to water my fields.” The king said, “Did you not pay him the money ?” The farmer said, “I did, Your Majesty ! With great difficulty. I had collected money to buy a well. I bought the well from him by giving him the money he had asked for.”

The King asked the man, “Did the farmer give you the money for the well ?”! The man said, “Yes, Your Majesty”. The king asked the farmer, “So what is the argument about, then ?”. The farmer said, “Now, he’s asking me to pay the money for the water too. The water in the well is mine now. Why should I pay him more ? I want justice, Your Majesty !

The king asked the neighbour, “What is this ? Is it true?”’ The neighbour also pleaded, “Yes, Your Majesty! I sold him the well, but not the water inside it.” The king found the problem very interesting and asked Tenali Raman, the wisest minister of his court, to solve it. Tenali Raman then, said to the neighbour,“ We understand that you sold your well to the farmer but not the water.”’

1. How much money did the farmer pay for the well ?
किसान ने कुएँ के लिए कितना पैसा दिया?

2. What did the neighbour say about the water ?
पड़ोसी ने पानी के बारे में क्या कहा ?

3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your answer book.
(a) The farmer collected the money easily.
(b) The neighbour wanted extra money for the water in the well.

4. Complete the sentences according to the meaning of the passage.
(a) The king found the problem ……
(b) Tenali Raman was the

5. Match the words with their meanings :

(a) argument	hardships
(b) interesting	logic
	funny

Answers
1. The farmer paid as much money as his neighbour had asked for.
2. The neighbour said that he had not sold the water.
3.
(a) False
(b) True
4.
(a) The king found the problem very interesting.
(b) Tenali Raman was the wisest minister of the king’s court.
5.
(a) argument — logic
(b) interesting – funny.

(3) The wise minister looked at the farmer and said. “So, the well belongs to you and the water to your neighbour”. “Yes, Sir”, “said the farmer. “So is he giving you the rent for keeping his water in your well ?”’ asked Tenali Raman. “No, Sir”, said the farmer, smilingly. He had understood that he would get justice.

Tenali Raman said to the man, “Since you have kept your water in the well, you should pay the rent to the farmer or take out your water immediately. If you do not take out your water from this man’s well, you must pay two gold coins as rent to the farmer for keeping your water in the farmer’ well. And the farmer will pay you one gold coin every month for drawing the water from the well for his fields.”

King Krishna Dev Rai started smiling at how Tenali Raman had solved this tricky situation and done justice too. Tenali Raman proved that greed is not good and punished the neighbour for his dishonesty.

1. Was the neighbour paying rent for the water ?
क्या पड़ोसी कुएँ के पानी का किराया दे रहा था?

2. What did Tenali Raman prove ?
तेनाली रमन ने क्या सिद्ध किया ?

3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your answer book.
(a) The farmer understood that he would get justice.
(b) The king had solved the tricky situation.

4. Complete the sentences according to the meaning of the passage :
(a) Tenali Raman had solved the tricky situation and …..
(b) The rent for keeping water in the well was …………….

5. Match the words with their meanings :

(a) immediately	at once
(b) rent	gladly
	fee

Answers:
1. No, he was not paying any rent.
2. Tenali Raman proved that greed (लालच) is not good.
3.
(a) True
(b) False
4.
(a) Tenali Raman had solved the tricky situation and done justice too.
(b) The rent for keeping water in the well was two gold coins.
5.
(a) immediately – at once
(b) rent — fee.

Use Of Words/Phrases In Sentences

1. Well (a water body)
We draw water from a well.
हम एक कुएं से पानी निकालते हैं।

2. Neighbour (person living nearby)
Sh. Maan Singh is my neighbour.
श्री मानसिंह मेरे पड़ोसी हैं।

3. Argument (reason, logic)
I don’t agree to your argument.
मैं तुम्हारे तर्क से सहमत नहीं हूँ।

4. In front of (before)
Our house is in front of a park.
हमारा मकान एक पार्क के सामने है।

5. Decide (resolve)
We decided to go for a picnic.
हमने पिकनिक पर जाने का फैसला किया।

6. Kingdom (a state)
Ashoka had a large kingdom.
अशोक का राज्य विशाल था।

7. Complaint (objection)
The officer did not listen to my complaint.
अफ़सर ने मेरी शिकायत नहीं सुनी।

8. Problem (trouble)
Tell me your problem.
मुझे अपनी समस्या बताइए।

9. Tricky (difficult/knotty)
I was caught in a tricky situation.
मैं एक कठिन परिस्थिति में फंस गया।

10. Collected (gathered)
Many people collected round the magician.
जादूगर के चारों ओर बहुत-से लोग इकट्ठे हो गए।

11. Looked at (saw)
The hunter looked at the bird and took aim.
शिकारी ने पक्षी देखा और उस पर निशाना बांधा।

12. Understood (knew/realized)
I understood his problem and helped him.
मैं उसकी समस्या समझ गया और उसकी सहायता की।

Word Meanings

Rent for Water Summary in Hindi

Once upon a time, …………………………………… is your problem ?

एक समय की बात है एक आदमी ने अपना कुआँ एक किसान को बेचा। किसान ने कुआँ इसलिए खरीदा था ताकि वह अपने खेतों को पानी दे सके। अगले दिन जब किसान कुएँ से पानी निकालने गया तो आदमी ने उसे पानी नहीं निकालने दिया। उसने कहा, “मैंने कुऔं बेचा है, पानी नहीं, इसलिए तुम इसमें से पानी नहीं निकाल सकते।” वे बहस करने लगे। जब वे अपनी समस्या का कोई हल नहीं निकाल पाए तो उन्होंने निर्णय लिया कि वे मामला राजा के पास ले जाएंगे। वे राजा कृष्ण देव राय की अदालत (दरबार) में गए।

राजा कृष्ण देव राय अपनी दरबारी अदालत में बैठे थे। वे अपने राज्य के लोगों की समस्याएं सुन रहे थे। आदमी और किसान राजा के दरबार में आए और उन्होंने उनके सामने हाथ जोड़कर तथा झुककर उनका अभिवादन किया। किसान बहुत उदास था। राजा कृष्ण देव राय ने उससे पूछा, “तुम उदास क्यों लग रहे हो ? तुम्हारी क्या समस्या है ?”

The farmer narrated ………….. the water inside it.

किसान ने राजा को सारी बात बताई। उसने दुःखी आवाज़ में कहा, “महाराज! मैं एक गरीब किसान हूँ। मेरे लिए दो वक्त का खाना जुटाना भी कठिन है। कृपया मेरी सहायता कीजिए।” राजा ने कहा, “ठीक है, मुझे अपनी समस्या बताओ।” किसान ने उत्तर दिया, “यह आदमी मेरा पड़ोसी है। मुझे अपने खेतों के लिए पानी चाहिए था। मैंने इससे अपने खेतों को पानी देने के लिए एक कुआँ खरीदा था।” राजा ने कहा, “क्या तुमने इसे कुएँ का भुगतान नहीं दिया।”

किसान ने कहा, “कर दिया था, महाराज! बड़ी मुश्किल से मैंने कुआँ खरीदने के लिए रुपया इकट्ठा किया था। इसने जितना रुपया मांगा था मैंने वो रुपया देकर इससे कुआँ खरीदा था।” राजा ने आदमी से पूछा, “क्या किसान ने तुम्हें कुएँ के बदले पैसे दिए थे ?” आदमी ने कहा, “हां, महाराज।” राजा ने आदमी से पूछा, “तो फिर बहस किस बात की है ?” किसान ने कहा, “अब यह मुझसे पानी के लिए भी पैसे मांग रहा है, कुएँ का पानी अब मेरा है। मैं इसे और पैसे क्यों दूँ ? महाराज! मुझे न्याय चाहिए।” राजा ने पड़ोसी से पूछा, “यह क्या कह रहा है ? क्या यह सच है ?” पड़ोसी ने भी जोर देते हुए कहा, “हाँ, महाराज! मैंने इसे कुआँ बेचा है, परन्तु उसका पानी नहीं।” .

The king found ……………… for his dishonesty.

राजा को यह समस्या बड़ी रोचक लगी और उसने दरबार के बुद्धिमान दरबारी तेनाली रमन से हल खोजने के लिए कहा। तेनाली रमन ने तब पड़ोसी से कहा, “हम समझ गए हैं कि तुमने अपना कुआँ किसान को बेचा है, परन्तु पानी नहीं।” आदमी ने कहा, “हाँ, श्रीमान।” तेनाली रमन ने कहा, “परन्तु तुमने कुआँ बेचा था और उसकी कीमत ले ली थी।” आदमी ने कहा, “हाँ श्रीमान्!” बुद्धिमान दरबारी ने किसान की ओर देखा और कहा, “तो कुआँ तुम्हारा है और उसका पानी तुम्हारे पड़ोसी का है।”किसान ने कहा, “हाँ, श्रीमान्।” तेनाली रमन ने पूछा, “तो क्या यह तुम्हें कुएँ में अपना पानी रखने के लिए किराया दे रहा है?” किसान ने मुस्कराते हुए कहा, “नहीं, श्रीमान्।” वह समझ गया कि अब उसे न्याय मिलेगा।

तेनाली रमन ने आदमी से कहा, “क्योंकि तुमने अपना पानी कुएँ में रखा हुआ है, इसलिए तुम्हें किसान को किराया देना होगा अथवा तुरंत अपना पानी बाहर निकालना होगा। यदि तुम इस आदमी के कुएँ से अपना पानी बाहर नहीं निकालोगे, तो तुम्हें किसान को उसके कुएँ में पानी रखने के लिए किराए के रूप में दो स्वर्ण मुद्राएँ देनी होंगी और किसान तुम्हें एक स्वर्ण मुद्रा प्रति मास अपने खेतों के लिए पानी निकालने के लिए देगा।” राजा कृष्ण देव राय मुस्कराने लगे कि किस प्रकार तेनाली रमन ने इस कठिन परिस्थिति को सुलझाया है और न्याय भी किया है। तेनाली रमन ने सिद्ध किया कि लालच अच्छा नहीं होता और पड़ोसी को उसकी बेईमानी के लिए दंड दिया।

Retranslation Of Isolated Sentences

1. The farmer bought the well so that he could water his fields. — किसान ने कुआँ इसलिए खरीदा था ताकि वह अपने खेतों को पानी दे सके।
2. When they could not solve the problem, they decided to take the issue to the king. — जब वे अपनी समस्या का कोई हल नहीं निकाल पाए तो उन्होंने निर्णय लिया कि वे मामला राजा के पास ले जायेंगे।
3. King Krishna Dev Rai was sitting in his courtroom. — राजा कृष्ण देव राय अपनी दरबारी अदालत
में बैठे थे।
4. The farmer looked very sad. — किसान बहुत उदास था।
5. The farmer narrated everything to the king. — किसान ने राजा को सारी बात कह बताई।
6. It is very difficult for me to get two meals everyday.– मेरे लिए दो वक्त का खाना जुटाना भी कठिन है।
7. I needed water for my fields. — मुझे अपने खेतों के लिए पानी चाहिए था।
8. I had collected money to buy a well. — मैंने कुआँ खरीदने के लिए रुपए इकट्ठे किए थे।
9. The water in the well is mine now. — कुएँ का पानी अब मेरा है।
10. The king found the problem very interesting. — राजा को यह समस्या बड़ी रोचक लगी।
11. He had understood that he would get justice. — वह समझ गया कि अब उसे न्याय मिलेगा।
12. Tenali Raman proved that greed is not — तेनाली राम ने सिद्ध किया कि लालच अच्छा नहीं होता।

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions English Grammar Subject-Verb-Object Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 7th Class English Grammar Subject-Verb-Object

एकवचन कर्ता (Subject) के साथ एकवचन क्रिया (Verb) का प्रयोग किया जाता है, जबकि बहुवचन कर्ता के साथ बहुवचन क्रिया का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

एकवचन क्रियाएं is, am, was, has, does तथा I form + s/es हैं। बहुवचन क्रियाएं हैं- are, were, have, do आदि।

Ram goes,
Ram and Sham go.
They go.
She goes.

1. यदि दो या दो से अधिक एकवचन Subjects को and से जोड़ा जाए तो प्राय: उनके साथ बहुवचन Verb का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे,

• Mohan and Ram are friends.
• Mohan, Sham and Ram play together.
• He and his brother have done the work.
• Sham and Gopal were there in the meeting.
• He and his friend do not work together.

2. यदि दो एकवचन संज्ञाएं (Nouns) किसी एक व्यक्ति या किसी एक चीज़ का बोध कराती हों तो ऐसी एकवचन संज्ञाओं (Nouns) के साथ एकवचन Verb का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे,

• My brother and helper has arrived.
• The leader and speaker is sitting on the stage.
• A great Gandhian and leader is dead.

नोट- (i) यदि एक ही व्यक्ति का बोध कराना हो तो Article का प्रयोग दोनों संज्ञाओं अथवा विशेषणों में से पहली संज्ञा या विशेषण के साथ ही किया जाता है।
(ii) यदि दो संज्ञाओं से दो अलग व्यक्तियों का बोध कराना हो तो प्रत्येक संज्ञा (Noun) से पूर्व Article का प्रयोग किया जाएगा। ऐसी अवस्था में बहुवचन क्रिया (Verb in Plural) का प्रयोग किया जाएगा।
The leader and the speaker are sitting on the stage.

3. यदि दो कर्त्ता मिलकर किसी एक विचार (one idea) को व्यक्त करते हों तो एकवचन क्रिया (Verb in Singular) का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे,

• Fish and meat is the food of the Bengalis.
• Slow and steady wins the race.
• Twenty kilometres is not a long distance.
• The horse and the carriage has arrived.

4. यदि एकवचन कर्ता (Subject) से पूर्व each अथवा every का प्रयोग किया जाए तो एकवचन क्रिया (Verb in Singular) का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे,

• Every boy and girl was well dressed.
• Every man, woman and child was present.
• Each day and each hour takes its account.

5. यदि दो या दो से अधिक एकवचन कर्ता (Subjects) को or, nor, either…….. or, neither…………nor से जोड़ा जाए तो एकवचन क्रिया का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे,

• Work or play has no difference for me.
• Neither he nor I was present.
• Either Mohan or Sohan has broken the slate.
• Neither food nor water was available there.
• Neither pleasure nor pain affects me.

6. जब or तथा nor से जोड़े गए Subjects का वचन भिन्न-भिन्न हो तो बहुवचन क्रिया का प्रयोग होना चाहिए तथा बहुवचन कर्ता को क्रिया के साथ रखना चाहिए; जैसे,

• Sham or his brothers have broken the slate.
• Neither the monitor nor the students were present.
• Neither the speaker nor the listeners were serious.
• Either the man or his sons have gone wrong.

7. जब or अथवा nor से विभिन्न कर्ता (Subjects) जुड़े हुए हों, तो क्रिया (Verb) अपने निकटतम् Subject: के Person (पुरुष) से मेल खाता है; जैसे,

• Either he or I have to go to Delhi.
• Neither you nor he is to blame.
• Either you or father is paying for it.

8. जब कर्ता (Subjects) के वचन अथवा पुरुष में अन्तर हो और वे and से जुड़े हों तो क्रिया (Verb) बहुवचन में प्रयोग होती है।

• He and I are good friends.
• My father and I have jointly done this.
• You and he are always together.
• You and I are always in time.

9. समूहवाचक संज्ञा (Collective Noun) के साथ पूरे समूह का भाव व्यक्त करने के लिए एकवचन क्रिया (Verb in Singular) का प्रयोग होता है। परन्तु यदि समूह के व्यक्तियों (individuals) का बोध कराना हो तो बहुवचन क्रिया (Verb in Plural) का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे,

• The Committee has chosen its Chairman.
• There is a large number of boys in the class.
• A number of players were playing foul.
• The police were called out. The crew was efficient.
• The crew were arrested after the accident.

10. कुछ संज्ञाएं देखने में बहुवचन लगती हैं, परन्तु वे भाव में एकवचन होती हैं। ऐसी संज्ञाओं के साथ एकवचन क्रिया (Verb) लगती है; जैसे,

• The news is good.
• Physics is an easy subject.

11. कुछ संज्ञाएं देखने में एकवचन लगती हैं परन्तु उनका अर्थ बहुवचन होता है। ऐसी संज्ञाओं के साथ बहुवचन क्रिया (Verb in Plural) का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे,

• The cattle are grazing in the field.
• People are there in the field.

12. हमें क्रिया का मेल वास्तविक Subject के साथ ही कराना चाहिये। कभी-कभी हम क्रिया का निकटतम Plural Subject के साथ मेल कर देते हैं और वास्तविक Subject की अनदेखी कर देते हैं। हमें क्रिया का मेल वास्तविक Subject के साथ ही करना चाहिये; जैसे,

• Each of the students was a player.
• Neither of the women was tall.
• Each one of plots is for sale.
• One of the boys was my friend.

13. यदि Subject में दो Nouns या Pronouns ‘with’ या ‘as well as’ के साथ जुड़े हों, तो क्रिया उनमें से पहले noun या pronoun से मेल खाती हैः जैसे:

• Ram, with all the members of his family, was present.
• He, as well as his friends, is there in the hall.
• Mohan, and not his friend, has done this.
• I, as well as he, have worked hard.

14. जब किसी क्रिया का Subject कोई Relative Pronoun हो, तो क्रिया Relative Pronoun से ठीक पहले वाले Subject के अनुसार लगती है; जैसे

• I, who am your guide, shall stand by you.
• You, who are my guide, are expected to stand by me.
• He is among the persons who are against me.

Exercise

In each of the following sentences supply a verb in agreement with its subject.

1. My scissors ………………. lost.
2. The police ………………… investigating the case.
3. Neither of the students …………………. right.
4. Raja and Rama ………………… in the garden.
5. Gagan with his friend ………………. come today.
6. Every boy and girl ………………… invited for the programme.
7. Five rupees ………………… too much for this item.
8. A packet of sweets ………………. given to each child.
9. All the children ……………….. going for the movie.
10. Six kilometres …………………. a long distance to walk.
11. Ram as well as Ravi ……………….. to be helped.
12. One of the students …………………. hurt while playing.
13. The military ………………… put on alert.
14. He, with his father, ……………… among the first to arrive.
15. There ………………… several mistakes in your work.
16. The quality of the fruits …………………. very good.
17. No news ……………… good news.
18. Twice three times ……………….. six.
19. Either he or ………………… at fault.
Hints:
1. are
2. is
3. is
4. were
5. has
6. was
7. are
8. was
9. are
10. is
11. is
12. was
13. was
14. was
15. are
16. is
17. is
18. is
19. am.

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions English Grammar Prepositions Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 7th Class English Grammar Prepositions

Preposition वह शब्द है जिसका प्रयोग Noun अथवा Pronoun के साथ स्थिति, समय, संबंध या साधन आदि दर्शाने के लिए किया जाता है।

उदाहरण-
There is a teacher in the class.
He is fond of milk.
The man jumped off the horse.

पहले वाक्य में in, teacher की स्थिति को व्यक्त करता है।
दूसरे वाक्य में of, fond तथा milk का आपसी सम्बन्ध बताता है।
तीसरे वाक्य में off, jumped तथा horse के आपसी सम्बन्ध को स्पष्ट करता है।

Preposition का प्रयोग प्रायः अपने Object से पहले किया जाता है। जैसा कि उपर्युक्त तीनों वाक्यों से स्पष्ट है, परन्तु कभी-कभी वह अपने Object के बाद भी प्रयोग होता है; जैसे,

Here is the book that you asked for.
What are you thinking of ?

Some Important Prepositions

1. Act upon (अमल करना)-Act upon my advice.
2. Aim at (निशाना बांधना)-The hunter aimed at the bird.
3. Angry with (क्रोधित)-The teacher is angry with you.
4. Agree with (सहमत होना)-I agree with you.
5. Agree.to (सहमत होना))-He agreed to my proposal.
नोट – (i) किसी व्यक्ति से सहमति के लिए agree के साथ with का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
(ii) किसी सुझाव से सहमति के लिए agree के साथ to का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
6. Absent from (अनुपस्थित होना)-She is absent from the class.
7. Afraid of (भयभीत)-He is afraid of his teacher.
8. Believe in (विश्वास रखना)-I believe in God.
9. Born of (जन्म लेना)-Pt. Nehru was born of rich parents.
10. Busy with (व्यस्त)-He is busy with his work.
11. Care for (परवाह करना)-He does not care for me.
12. Deal in (व्यापार करना)-He deals in sugar.
13. Die of (किसी रोग से मरना)-He died of fever.
14. Die for (के लिए मरना)-He died for his country. नोट-
(i) किसी बीमारी से मरने के लिए Die of का प्रयोग होता है।
(ii) देश पर मर मिटने के लिए Die for आता है।
15. Differ with (असहमत)-I differ with you.
16. Different from (से भिन्न)-This pen is different from that one.
17. Faith in (में विशवास)-I have faith in God.
18. Faithful to (के प्रति वफादार)-The dog is faithful to his master.
19. Fail in (असफल होना)-He failed in Hindi.
20. Famous for (के लिए प्रसिद्ध) Agra is famous for the Taj.

21. Fed up with (से तंग होन)-I am fed up with him.
22. Feed on (निर्वाह करना)-Cows feed on grass.
23. Fit for a (के योग्य)-I am fit for this work.
24. Full of (भरा होना)-The jug is full of water.
25. Fond of (का चाव होना)- I am fond of milk.
26. Glad at (प्रसन्न)-I am glad at your success.
27. Good at (निपुण)-I am good at English.
28. Good for (के लिए उपयोगी)-Milk is good for health.
29. Give up (त्यागना)-Give up your bad habits.
30. Invite to (आमंत्रित करना)- I invited him to tea.
31. Junior to (पद से नीचा)-He is junior to me.
32. Keep to (रहना)-Always keep to the left.
33. Kind to (दयालु)- He is kind to the poor.
34. Knock at (खटखटान)-I am knocking at the door.
35. Laugh at (हंसी उड़ान)-The boys laughed at the poor.
36. Lead to (जाना)-This road leads to Ambala.
37. Listen to (ध्यान देना)-Listen to me.
38. Look after (देखभाल करना)-I look after my old mother.
39. Mad with (से पगल)-He was mad with joy.
40. Made of (बनी हुई)-This table is made of wood.
41. Married to (विवाह होना या विवाह करना)-Rama was married to Sita.
42. Mix with (मेल जोल रखना)-Do not mix with bad boys.
43. Obedient to (अज्ञाकारी)-Ram is obedient to his teacher.
44. Pass through (गुज़रना)-He passed through a forest.
45. Put out (बुझाना)-Put out the fire.
46. Take pity (दया करना)-He took pity on me.
47. Popular with (सर्वप्रिय)-The teacher is very popular with the students.
48. Pray to (प्रार्थना करना)-I pray to God daily.
49. Proud of (गर्व करना)-I am proud of you.
50. Quick at (तेज)-He is quick at work.
51. Quarrel with (झगड़ना)-We should not quarrel with others.
52. Reply to (उतर देना)-He did not reply to my letter.
53. Send for (बुला भेजना)-He sent for the doctor.
54. Senior to (पद से ऊंचा)-He is senior to me.
55. Short of (कमी होना)-I am short of money.
56. Sick of (दःखी)-I am sick of this life.

57. Sorry for (के लिए खेद)-I am sorry for coming late.
58. Thankful to (के प्रति धन्यवादी)-I am thankful to you for your help.
59. Useful for (के लिए उपयोगी)- Milk is useful for health.
60. Wait for (प्रतीक्ष करना)- Please wait for me.

Exercise 1

Choose suitable prepositions from the box to fill in the blanks. One has been done for you:

from, across, along, between, by, on, behind, against, among, under, over, with, into, for, of, at, in front of.
1. There are trees in front of our house.
2. Do not stand………….. a vehicle.
3. We lost the match……………… Govt. High School, Ropar.
4. The minister stood ……………. the people.
5. Keep the bags ……………… the desk and the table.
6. People built houses ……………… the bridge.
7. We went ……………. bus to Amritsar.
8. The fare ……………. Chandigarh to Ludhiana is not cheap.
9. The boy stood……………. the hill.
10. Look ……………. the bag for your pens.
11. GO …………… Samir to the market.
12. Do not run but walk ……………… the bridge.
13. Run ……………. the road and call the man.
14. Look……………. the book and answer.
15. The boy is looking ……………… a bride.
Hints:
2. behind
3. against
4. among
5. between
6. under
7. by
8. from
9. on
10. into
11. with
12. across
13. along
14. over
15. for.

Exercise 2

I. Put a tick V on the correct preposition as shown in the first sentence:

1. Akshay takes delight (in/by) his studies.
2. Beware (from/of) thieves in a new place.
3. We all agreed (to/with) the proposal.
4. Rajmah and rice are popular (among/to) children.
5. The building was set (with/on) fire.
6. Do not be jealous (on/of) others.
7. Her face seems familiar (to/with) me.
8. We are known (about/to) Dr. Sharma.
9. I do not approve (with/of) smoking
10. Daljit lives (on/at) Madhya Marg.
11. Always write (în/with) ink.
12. Sam does not like interference (on/in) his work.
13. Pammi is married (with/to) Sukhwinder.
14. Our final examination is held (on/in) March.
15. Akhil is always late (for/to) school.
16. I have applied (from/for) leave.
17. We always talk (about/on) discipline.
18. The boy complained (with/against) me.
19. This book is useful (under/for) children.
20. Rana has just recovered (at/from) illness.
Hints:
1. in
2. of
3. to
4. among
5. on
6. of
7. to
8. to
9. of
10. at
11. in
12. in
13. to
14. in
15. for
16. for
17. about
18. against
19. for
20. from.

II. Using the words followed by preposition, make sentences of your own. The first one has been done for you:

interfere with, fit for, confident of, sorry for, mix with, make fun of, prays at, acted upon, bent on, superior to.
1. I do not allow my music lessons to ……………. my studies.
2. He is ………….. this post.
3. He is ………….. his success.
4. I am …………. the delay.
5. Do not ………….. bad boys.
6. Don’t ………… of the beggar.
7. He ………… Sri Harmandar Sahib.
8. He …………. my advice.
9. He is …………. making mischief.
10. My pen is ………… yours.
Answer:
1. I do not allow my music lessons to interfere with my studies.
2. He is fit for this post.
3. He is confident of his success.
4. I am sorry for the delay.
5. Do not mix with bad boys.
6. Don’t make fun of the beggar.
7. He prays at Sri Harmandar Sahib.
8. He acted upon my advice.
9. He is bent on making mischief.
10. My pen is superior to yours.