This PSEB 9th Class Social Science Notes History Chapter 1 Punjab: Physical Features and its Impact will help you in revision during exams.
PSEB 9th Class Social Science Notes History Chapter 1 Punjab: Physical Features and its Impact
→ Punjab (Meaning): The word Punjab is derived from two Persian words, Panj and Aab. The meaning of Panj is five and the meaning of Aab is water, which is a symbol of the river. Thus Punjab is the region of five glasses of water.
→ Changing Names of Punjab: Punjab was known by different names during different periods of history. The ancient names of Punjab were Sapt Sindhu, Panchnand, Pentapotamia, Tseh-Kia, Lahore Suba, Punjab, etc.
→ The Geographical Divisions: From the geographical point of view, Punjab can be divided into three divisions:
- The Himalayas and its North-Western mountain ranges
- The foothills or Terai region (the sub-Mountainous Region)
- The Plains
→ The Malwa Region: The Malwa region is surrounded by the rivers Sutlej and Ghagghar. During ancient times, the ‘Malava’ tribe lived here. The region is named Malwa after the name of the Malava tribe.
→ The effects of the Himalayas on the history of Punjab: Punjab was the ‘Gateway of India’ due to the existence of a number of passes in the North-West ranges of the Himalayas. During the medieval period, all the invaders came through these passes to invade India.
→ The plains of Punjab: The plains of Punjab are very fertile. The prosperity of Punjab encouraged foreign invaders to attack India.
→ The influence of rivers of Punjab on its history: The rivers of Punjab were a hurdle in the path of the invaders.
→ They also played a role in providing natural boundaries. The Mughal rulers adopted river boundaries as the administrative divisions like Parganas, Sarkars, and Subas.
→ Terai Region: The Terai region is covered with dense forests. The Sikhs took shelter in these forests during their hard times.
→ They organized themselves, increased their military strength, and effectively faced the oppressive rulers.
→ The different Castes and Tribes of Punjab: The people of different castes and tribes lived in Punjab.
→ The prominent were the Jats, Sikhs, Rajputs, Khatris, Aroras, Gujjars, Ariansetc.
→ Punjab was annexed into the British Empire in – 1849 A.D.
→ The areas of Punjab and Hissar were included in Punjab in – 1857
→ North-Western Frontier Province was made out of Punjab in – 1901
→ Delhi was separated from Punjab in – 1911
→ At the time of Indian Independence, Punjab was divided into Western Punjab and Eastern Punjab in -1947
→ Punjab was divided into two states – Punjab and Haryana on a Linguistic basis on – 1st Nov. 1966.