This PSEB 9th Class Social Science Notes History Chapter 7 Forest Society and Colonialism will help you in revision during exams.
PSEB 9th Class Social Science Notes History Chapter 7 Forest Society and Colonialism
→ Products available in the forests: We get many products from the forests such as furniture wood, fuel, fruit, gum, honey, wood for making paper, leaves for making bidi, etc.
→ Deforestation: The meaning of deforestation is cutting trees. Forests were cut down for many purposes such as the expansion of agriculture and railway, for ship-building, etc.
→ Bagaan: Large farmhouses where trees of a single type were planted in straight rows were called Bagan.
→ Timber Trees: Timber wood is quite strong. It is available in the form of Seal and Teak trees.
→ Control on Forests: After coming to know the importance of forests, the colonial rulers established a forest department and passed many laws to control the forests.
→ Impact of Forest Control: With the government’s control of forests, the tribals were deprived of their means of livelihood. So, they started thinking about the revolts against the government.
→ Shifting Agriculture: In this type of agriculture, forests are cleared to get agricultural land. After doing agriculture for 2-3 years, the land is left alone and the same process is done on the nearby forest land. After the government’s control of forests, such agricultural practice was banned.
→ Scientific Forestry: The system under the control of the forest department in which old trees are cut down and new trees are planted.
→ Bastar: Bastar is located in Chhattisgarh, bordering Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and Maharashtra. Tribals of this area revolted against the British as they were widely affected by the British forest policies. These revolts were started by the Dhruva tribe.
→ Java: Java is now famous as a rice-producing island in Indonesia. Dutch rulers greatly exploited its forest resources and made the locals labourers. Consequently, locals revolted and it took three months to crush the revolt.
→ 1855: Lord Dalhousie made laws for the protection of forests.
→ 1864: Indian Forest Department was established.
→ 1865: Indian Forest Act was passed.
→ 1878: Indian forest Act was amended and three categories of forests were formed.
→ 1906: Imperial forest Research Centre was established at Dehradun.