This PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 4 Our Agriculture will help you in revision during exams.
PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Chapter 4 Our Agriculture
→ Agriculture: It refers to the cultivation of the soil for growing crops and rearing livestock.
→ Crops: The plant species cultivated by human beings for their use.
→ Livestock: Animals and birds which are reared for human use.
→ Crop Specialization: One particular crop suitable for the region is selected by the farmer to be cultivated by him. This is mainly followed for selling the produce in the market.
→ Organic Farming: In this type of farming, organic manure and natural pesticides are used instead of chemicals.
→ Subsistence Agriculture: Farming in which the product is consumed by the farmer’s household.
→ Commercial Agriculture: Farming in which the produce is grown by the farmer for selling in the market.
→ Intensive Agriculture: The farmer produces more by working hard and using the same field over and over again making use of better agricultural means.
→ Extensive Agriculture: The agriculturist tries to get good output by bringing more and more areas under plough.
→ Mixed Farming: Farming in which animals are also used on the farm while growing crops.
→ Multiple Cropping: When two or more crops are grown at the same time on one and the same field.
→ Sericulture: Commercial rearing of silkworms.
→ Horticulture: Growing vegetables, flowers, and fruits for commercial use.
→ Pisciculture: Breeding of fish in specially constructed tanks and ponds.
→ Viticulture: Cultivation of grapes.
→ More than half of the world’s population is directly or indirectly engaged in agriculture.
→ Favourable topography of soil and climate is vital for agricultural activity.
→ Agriculture depends largely on the relief of land, climate conditions, fertility of the soil, and economic factors.
→ Soils not only support the plant but also act as a medium to supply moisture and nutrients.
→ In intensive agriculture, the aim is to get higher yields per unit area.
→ Extensive agriculture is done with machines in sparsely populated areas.
→ In commercial agriculture, most of the crops are produced for the market.
→ The production of fruit and flowers is called horticulture.
→ In a co-operative farm, all the members work and earn proportionately.
→ Crops and livestock are raised together on the same farm in mixed farming.
→ Shifting cultivation is known by different names in different parts of the world, i.e., Juming, Milpa, Ladang, etc.