PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 8 Marco Polo

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class English Book Solutions Chapter 8 Marco Polo Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 English Chapter 8 Marco Polo

Activity 1.

Look up the following words in a dictionary. You should seek the following information about the words and put them in your WORDS notebook.

1. Meaning of the word as used in the lesson (adjective/noun/verb. etc.)
2. Pronunciation (The teacher may refer to the dictionary or a mobile phone for correct pronunciation.)
3. Spellings.

merchant	adventurous	explorer	caravan	fascinated
grandness	luxury	spy	translated	inspired

Vocabulary Expansion

Activity 2.

Make sentences of the idioms you have studied. (Teachers must help students make sentences.)

English idioms, proverbs and expressions are an important part of everyday English. Idioms are a group of words established by usage and have a different meaning than is apparent from the words, e.g. over the moon, see the light. They come up all the time in both written and spoken English. Let us look at some idioms and their meanings.

S.No	Idiom	Meaning
1.	beat about the bush	avoiding the main topic, not speaking directly about the problem
2.	every cloud has a silver lining	be positive, even difficult times will lead to better days
3.	actions speak louder than words	people’s intentions can be judged better by what they do than what they say
4.	add insult to injury	to further add to a loss with mockery or indignity; to worsen an unfavourable situation
5.	the ball is in your court	it is up to you to take the next decision or step
6.	blessing in disguise	something good that isn’t recognized at first
7.	cry over spilt milk	when you complain about a loss from the past
8.	kill two birds with one stone	to achieve two things with one action
9.	once in a blue moon	happens very rare
10.	turn over a new leaf	to change one’s behaviour usually in a positive way

Sentences :

1. Don’t beat about the bush; come to the point.
2. Don’t be upset. Every cloud has a silver lining in it.
3. We must show our talent in actions. Actions speak louder than words.
4. Don’t hurt his feelings more by adding insult to his injury.
5. Now it is you to save the situation. The ball is in your court.
English education proved blessing in disguise for the Indians:
7. It is foolish to cry over spilt milk. You yourself wasted the money.
8. He killed two birds with one stone by selling his old car at high price.
9. Such achievements are won once in a blue moon.
10. His sudden success turned a new leaf in his life.

Learning to Read and Comprehend

Activity 3.

Read the lesson and answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Who was Marco Polo ?
मार्को पोलो कौन था ?
Answer:
Marco Polo was a merchant and an adventurer of Italy.

Question 2.
When and where was Marco Polo born?
मार्को पोलो का जन्म कब और कहां हुआ ?
Answer:
Marco Polo was born in 1524 in Venice.

Question 3.
Why did Marco Polo visit so many cities?
मार्को पोलो ने इतने सारे शहरों की यात्रा क्यों की ?
Answer:
Marco visited so many cities because he wanted to learn about people, their food habits and their culture there.

Question 4.
Who accompanied Marco Polo during his visits ?
मार्को पोलो की यात्राओं में कौन उसके साथ घुमने गया ?
Answer:
His father Niccolo and his uncle Maffeo accompanied Marco Polo during his visits.

Question 5.
Which features of the Chinese cities impressed Marco Polo ?
मार्को पोलो को चीन की किन विशेषताओं ने प्रभावित किया ?
Answer:
The grandness and greatness of the Chinese cities impressed him.

Question 6.
How did he serve the Chinese Emperor ?
उसने चीन के शासक की सेवा किस प्रकार की ?
Answer:
He served the Chinese Emperor as a messenger and as a spy.

Question 7.
After how many years did Marco Pole return to Venice ?
कितने वर्षों के बाद मार्को पोलो वेनिस वापिस लौटा ?
Answer:
Marco Pole returned Venice after 24 years.

Question 8.
What was the effect of the war between Venice and Genoa upon Marco Polo ?
वेनिस और जेनोआ के युद्ध का मार्को पोलो पर क्या प्रभाव पड़ा ?
Answer:
Marco Polo was captured and put behind the bars in Genoa prison.

Question 9.
Name the book that contains detailed stories about Marco’s journeys.
मार्को पोलो की यात्राओं के विवरण संबंधी पुस्तक का नाम बताओ।
Answer:
The name of the book is ‘The Travels of Marco Polo.’

Question 10.
Who carried the book, ‘The Travels of Marco Polo’ along with him on his travels ? Why?
‘ट्रैवलज़ ऑफ मार्को पोलो’ नामक पुस्तक को कौन अपनी यात्रा पर साथ ले गया और क्यों ?
Answer:
Christopher Columbus carried this book with him because he was greatly inspired by the book.

Activity 4

Read the story and fill in the blanks.
(a) Marco Polo set out on his first voyage at the age of …….
(b) He visited the holy city of …………….
(c) He was released from the prison in …………..
(d) He was married to ……
(e) Marco Polo passed away on ………….. at the age of …………….
Answer:
(a) 17
(b) Jerusalem
(c) 1299
(d) Donata Badoer,
(e) 8 January, 70.

Activity 5

Imagine that you are a traveller. Write the experiences of your visit to any place in five sentences.
Answer:
Visit to a Jaipur It was Sunday. I with my friend visited Jaipur. We all arrived at Jaipur around 11 a.m. We went straight to a hotel Amer on M.I. Road. After a light breakfast we went to Amber fort. We had a ride on the elephant. It was fantastic! Then we saw the Jantar Mantar. It was brilliant. Around 1 p.m. we came out and went to the hotel. Had our lunch. In the evening we all went to Hawa Mahal and Ram Bagh Place. We meant to Chowkhi Dhani and had an experience of Rajasthan over the years. In this chapter we will do Active and Passive Voice of the Continuous and Prefect form of all the tenses i.e.
(a) Present Continuous Tense
(b) Past Continuous Tense
(c) Present Prefect Tense
(d) Past Perfect Tense
(e) Future Perfect

Tense Present Continuous Tense

Rule : is/am/are + being + 3rd form of the verb
Examples :
Active : He is telling a story.
Passive : A story is being told by him.
Active : She is not reading a book.
Passive : A book is not being read by her.

Activity 6.

Change the voice of the following sentences :

(a) The leader is making a speech.
Answer:
A speech is being made by the leader.

(b) They are playing hockey.
Answer:
Hockey is being played by them.

(c) Sudhir is telling a story.
Answer:
A story is being told by Sudhir

(d) Randhir is cleaning his kitchen.
Answer:
His kitchen is being cleaned by Randhir.

(e) The girls are making chairs.
Answer:
Chairs are being made by the girls.

(f) The workers are not repairing the road.
Answer:
The road is not being repaired by the workers.

(g) We are not taking orders.
Answer:
Orders are not taken by us.

(h) I am not favouring you.
Answer:
You are not being favoured by me.

(i) Are they knocking at the door?
Answer:
Is the door being knocked at by them?

(j) Is he serving his country ?
Answer:
Is his country being served by him ?

Past Continuous Tense

Rule : was/werel + being + 3rd form of the verb
Examples :
Active : The boys were playing football.
Passive : Football was being played by the boys.
Active : The men were not repairing the road.
Passive : The road was not being repaired by the men.
Active : Was Meera singing a song ?
Passive : Was a song being sung by Meera ?

Activity 7.

Change the voice of the following sentences.

(a) They were chasing the thief.
Answer:
The thief was being chased by them.

(b) The boys were making a noise.
Answer:
A noise was being made by the boys.

(c) I was preparing my lesson.
Answer:
My lesson was being prepared by me.

(d) We were helping the poor.
Answer:
The poor were being helped by us.

(e) She purchased a book named “The Patriot’.
Answer:
A book named ‘The Patriot’ was purchased by her.

(f) The children were not reading books.
Answer:
Books were not being read by the children.

(g) He was not closing his shop.
Answer:
His shop was not being closed by him.

(h) The servant was not cleaning the room.
Answer:
The room was not being cleaned by the servant.

(i) They were stealing our books.
Answer:
Our books were being stolen by them.

(j) Who was insulting the beggar?
Answer:
By whom was the beggar being insulted ?

Future Continuous Tense

Note : Sentences belonging to this tense cannot be changed into Passive Voice.

Present Perfect Tense
Rule : has/have + been +3rd form of the verb

Examples :
Active : I have won the match.
Passive : The match has been won by me.
Active : He has not spoken the truth.
Passive : The truth has not been spoken by him.
Active : Has she read the letter?
Passive : Has the letter been read by her ?

Activity 8.

Change the voice of the following sentences.

(a) She has torn my book.
Answer:
My book has been torn by her.

(b) You have cheated everybody.
Answer:
Everybody has been cheated by you.

(c) We have said our prayers.
Answer:
Our prayers have been said by us.

(d) Seema has written a poem.
Answer:
A poem has been written by Seema.

(e) Kavita has missed the bus.
Answer:
The bus has been missed by Kavita.

(f) She has not stolen my camera.
Answer:
My camera has not been stolen by her.

(j) The teacher has not scolded us.
Answer:
We have not been scolded by the teacher.

(h) I have not told the entire story.
Answer:
The entire story has not been told by me.

(i) Have you seen a zoo ?
Answer:
Has a zoo been seen by you?

(j) Has the teacher marked you absent ?
Answer:
Have you been marked absent by the teacher ?

Past Perfect Tense

Rule : had + been + 3rd form of the verb

Examples :

Active : The gardener had watered the plants.
Passive : The plants had been watered by the gardener.
Active : She had not told a lie.
Passive : A lie had not been told by her.
Active : Had our team won the match ?
Passive : Had the match been won by our team ?

Activity 9.

Change the voice of the following sentences.

(a) Abdul had lost his bag.
Answer:
His bag had been lost by Abdul.

(b) He had posted the letter.
Answer:
The letter had been posted by him.

(c) She had made a frock.
Answer:
A frock had been made by her.

(d) I had learnt my lesson.
Answer:
My lesson had been learnt by me.

(e) The gardener had watered the plants.
Answer:
The plants had been watered by the gardener.

(f) We had not plucked the flowers.
Answer:
The flowers had not been plucked by us.

(g) He had not killed the snake.
Answer:
The snake had not been killed by him.

(h) I had not seen a lion before.
Answer:
A lion had not been seen before by me.

(i) Had you hidden the books ?
Answer:
Had the books been hidden by you ?

(j) Had our team won the match ?
Answer:
Had the match been won by our team?

Future Perfect Tense

Rule : will/shall + have + been +3rd form of the verb.

Examples :

Active : They will have taken their lunch.
Passive : Their lunch will have been taken by them.
Active : I shall not have finished my work.
Passive : My work will not have been finished by me.
Active : Who will have done this?
Passive : By whom will this have been done?

Activity 10.

Change the voice of the following sentences.

(a) Radha will have said her prayers.
Answer:
Her prayers will have been said by Radha.

(b) You will have bought a new house.
Answer:
A new house will have been bought by you.

(c) Gurpreet will have painted the doors.
Answer:
The doors will have been painted by Gurpreet.

(d) They will have caught the train.
Answer:
The train will have been caught by them.

(e) Nobody will have betrayed you.
Answer:
You will have been betrayed by nobody.

(f) The tiger will not have killed the deer
Answer:
The deer will not have been killed by the tiger.

(g) I shall have taken my lunch.
Answer:
My lunch will have been taken by me.

(h) Will the letter have been posted by him?
Answer:
Will he have posted the letter?

(i) Will they have checked the accounts ?
Answer:
Will the accounts have been checked by them ?

(j) Will you have received the money?
Answer:
Will the money have been received by you ?

Let’s have a quick revision of Active and Passive voice rules using the table given below.

From Active to Passive 

Tense	Rule	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Present Indefinite	is/am/are +V3	My mother bakes cakes.	Cakes are baked by my brother.
Present Continuous	is/am/are + being + V3	My mother is baking cakes.	Cakes are being baked by my mother.
Present Perfect	has/have + been + V3	My mother has baked cakes.	Cakes have been baked by my mother.
Past Indefinite	was/were + V3	My mother baked cakes.	Cakes were baked by my mother.
Past Continuous	was/were + being + V3	My mother was baking cakes.	Cakes were being baked by my mother.
Past Perfect	had + been + V3	My mother had baked cakes.	Cakes had been baked by my mother.
Future Indefinite	will/shall + be + V3	My mother will bake cakes.	Cakes will be baked by my mother.
Future Perfect	will/shall + have + been + V3	My mother will have baked cakes.	Cakes will have been baked by my mother.

Learning to Listen

Activity 11.

Listen to the announcements being made on a railway station and fill in the given blanks.

Announcement 1

The announcement was to inform the travellers going to …………… that the ……………. Express departing from …………. will now …………. from platform number …………… at …………… pm and not from platform number …………..
Answer:
1. Jammu
2. Patna Jammu
3. New Delhi
4. depart
5. 13
6.5: 23 pm
7. 10

Announcement 2

(a) What is the announcement about ?
Answer:
It is about the safety of travellers going to Jammu from New Delhi.

(b) How is safety ensured ?
Answer:
It is secured through 24 hour CCTV recording.

(c) Why are the travellers asked not to leave their luggage unattended ?
Answer:
They are advised to do this because unattended luggage may cause disorder and scare.

(d) What will the security service staff do with the unattended luggage ?
Answer:
They will remove it without warning or destroy it.

(e) What are the travellers advised to do on finding a suspicious item ?
Answer:
They are asked to call the staff of the Indian Railways.

(f) What are the train passengers asked to do whilst waiting for the train?
Answer:
They are asked to stand back behind the yellow line.

Learning to Speak (Role Play – Pairwork)

Activity 12

Scene : You are Aryan. Your mother needs money and asks you to get the money from an ATM. She gives you the security PIN along with the ATM card. When you reach the ATM, you forget the PIN. You try to take out the money using the wrong PIN. Your ATM card gets sucked by the machine.

One of you will be Aryan and one will be a bank employee. Aryan will complain to the bank employee regarding the sucked ATM card and request the bank employee to return the card to him. You may use the following words/phrases

(a) wanted to withdraw money
(b) inserted the card
(c) forgot the PIN
(d) account holder
(e) computerized machine
(f) block
(g) my mother’s account
(h) sucked the card
(i) how long
(j) registered address
(k) two weeks Book

Employee : What is your problem ? How can I help you ?

Aryan : The ATM machine has sucked my ATM card.
Book Employee : What did you do there?
Aryan : I wanted to withdraw some money from my mother’s account. I inserted the card in the hole. But I forgot PIN and used a wrong code. Soon my card was sucked up. Book
Employee : When did all this happen?
Aryan : Only 30 mintues before.
Book Employee : It is computerized machine. But don’t worry. Give your complaint in written. Write your registered mobile number and registered address on it. If it is not a fraud case, your card will be back within two weeks.

Learning to Write

Activity 13.

Study the figure below. It is a conversation between a travel agent and his client. Read all the sentences given in the bubbles and mark them with numbers from 1 to 18 in the order they should occur in a conversation.
.

Learning to Use the Language

In our everyday communication the most important element is asking/framing and answering questions. Asking questions is a skill that must be practised all the time. · Look at the table below to understand how questions are framed grammatically.

Activity 14.

You are the monitor of your class and you have to introduce your new teacher to your class fellows. Make a list of questions that you will ask your teacher before you introduce him/her to the class. You can ask questions based on the given hints.

• name of the teacher
• place she/he comes from
• subject she/he teaches
• why she/he was interested in that subject
• what her/his other interests are
• what her/his views are regarding environment/global warming
• what she/he would like to do about it
• what she/he would like to do in the future

You must work in groups and prepare a written list of the questions. Also think of possible answers to the questions. After you have done that, you must practise the interview questions by playing the roles of the monitor and the new teacher and students.

• The monitor will introduce the teacher.
• The students will ask questions from the teacher.
• The teacher will answer the questions.

Answer:
विधार्थी स्वयं करें

List of Questions Monitor

• What is your good name sir/madam?
• Where do you come from?
• Which subjects do you teach?
• What makes you interested in these subjects?
• Would you tell us about some of your other interests?
• What are your views about the burning problems of environmental pollution and global warming?
• How can you help solve these problems?
• What are your future plans about your career?

New Teacher.
Your questions are worth asking. My answers to these questions are.

• My name is Vineete Sharma.
• I am from Ludhiana.
• I have mastery over spoken English and English grammar.
• I am also interested in poetry and writing skill.
• I am also a good speaker and a hockey player.
• Global warming is mainly the result of increasing environmetal pollution.
• It is a big threat to life on our planet.
• I would start a drive to check the problem.
• I would awaken the people too.
• As regards my future plans, I have no clear-cut vision.

Monitor : Dear class-fellows, you can see that you are going to have a great teacher. I hope he can mould us into true citizens and can serve the cause of education a great deal.
Students : Thank you, madam. We promise to fully cooperate with you.

Comprehension Of Passages

Read the following passages and answer the questions given below each :

Marco Polo was a merchant and an adventurer. He travelled with his father and uncle from Venice (Italy) to China. Marco Polo spent 17 years in China before returning to Venice. Let us read and learn more about this adventurous explorer.

Long, long ago when there were no planes and trains, no cars and buses, people had to travel to other countries by ship or caravan. Marco Polo was one such traveller who went to many countries because he wanted to learn about the people, their food habits and their culture.

1. Who accompanied Marco Polo on his travels ?
मार्को पोलो की यात्राओं पर उसके साथ कौन गया ?

2. What did he want to learn during his travels ?
वह अपनी यात्राओं के दौरान क्या सीखना चाहता था ?

3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your answer-book :
(a) Marco spent on travelling 17 years in Europe.
(b) Marco Polo was an adventurous explorer.

4. Complete the following sentences according to the meaning of the passage :
(a) Marco Polo was one such traveller …….. countries.
(b) Long ago people travelled to other countries by ………….

Match the words with their meaning :

(i) travels	go along
(ii) accompany	journeys
	discoveries

Answer:
1. His father and uncle accompany Marco on his travels.
2. He wanted to learn about the people, their food habits and their culture.
3.
(a) False
(b) True
4.
(a) Marco Polo was one such traveller who went to many countries.
(b) Long ago people travelled to other countries by ship or caravan.
Or
(i) travels — journeys
(ii) accompany — go along

(2) The wealth and luxury of the Chinese cities impressed Marco Polo. He was fascinated by the grandness and the greatness of Kublai Khan’s court. It was nothing like he had experienced in Europe. The capital city of Kinsay was large but well organised and clean. The roads were wide. All this was well beyond anything he had experienced in Venice.

Everything from the food to the people to the animals, like orangutans and rhinos, were new and interesting. Marco Polo lived in China for many years and learnt to speak the local language. He travelled throughout China. He served as a messenger and spy for the emperor. He visited a lot of countries in Western Asia, North Africa and Southern Europe.

1. What fascinated Marco Polo ?
मार्को पोलो को किस चीज़ ने आकर्षित किया ?

2. Mention any two features of the capital city of Kinsay.
किनजे की राजधानी शहर की कोई दो विशेषताएं बताएं।

3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your ansewr-book :
(a) Foods to the people and animals were new and interesting.
(b) Marco Polo lived in China for a few years.

4. Complete the following sentences according to the meaning of the passage :
(a) Marco Polo learnt to speak the local language of China for …
(b) He served as messenger and spy for …………..

Match the words with their meaning :

(i) spy	comfort
(ii) luxury	messenger
	detective

Answer:
1. The grandness and greatness of Kublai Khan’s court fascinated Marco Polo.
2.
(a) It was large and well-organised.
(b) It was clean.
3.
(a) True
(b) False
4.
(a) Marco Polo learnt to speak local language of China for many years.
(b) He served as messenger and spy for the Emperor.
Or
(i) spy — detective
(ii) luxury — comfort.

(3) After travelling for twenty-four years, Marco along with his father and uncle decided to return to Venice. They had left home in 1271 and finally returned in 1295. A few years after returning home, Venice fought a war with the city of Genoa.

Marco was captured and put in a Genoese prison. He was released from prison in 1299. He became a wealthy merchant. He married a lady named Donata Badoer and had three children. He died on 8 January 1324 at the age of 70 and was buried in the church of San Lorenzo in Venice.

1. When did Marco and his party return home?
मार्को और उसका दल वापिस कब आया ?

2. Where was Marco buried ?
मार्को को कहां दफ़नाया गया ?

3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your ansewr-book :
(a) Marco died in 1295.
(b) He was released from prison in 1299.

4. Complete the following sentences according to the meaning of the passage :
(a) He married a lady named ……….
(b) Venice fought a war with ………….
Or
Write the meanings of the following words in English : (Any two) finally, wealthy, captured
Answer:
1. Marco and his party returned home in 1295.
2. Marco was buried in the church of San Lorenzo in Venice.
3.
(a) False
(b) True
4.
(a) He married a lady named Donata Badoer.
(b) Venice fought a war with the city of Genoa.
or
in the end, rich and prosperous, arrested.

(4) It was in the prison that Marco met a well-known story writer. Marco narrated detailed stories of his journeys to the writer, who wrote all the stories in a book called The Travels of Marco Polo. It became a very popular book. It was translated into many languages and read throughout Europe. It is said that Christopher Columbus, another explorer was greatly inspired by the book. It is believed that he carried it along with him on his travels.

1. Who did Marco meet when he was in prison ?
जब मार्को जेल में था, तो वह किससे मिला ?
2. Which book did Columbus carry along with him on his travels ?
अपनी यात्राओं पर कोलम्बस कौन-सी पुस्तक साथ ले गया ?
3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your answer-book :
(a) Christopher Columbus was a story writer.
(b) “The Travels of Marco Polo’ was translated into many languages.
4. Complete the following sentences according to the meaning of the passage :
(a) The book ‘The Travels of Marco Polo’ was read …………..
(b) Marco narrated …………………. to a writer.
Or
Match the words with their meaning :

(i) well-known	unidentified
(ii) inspired	encouraged
	famous

Answer:
1. In prison, Marco met a well-known story-writer.
2. On his travels, Columbus carried along famous book called ‘The Travels of Marco
3.
(a) False
(b) True
4.
(a) The book “The Travels of Marco Polo’ was read throughout Europe.
(b) Marco narrated detailed stories of his journey to a writer.
Or
(i) well-known — famous
(ii) inspired — encouraged

Use Of Words And Phrases In Sentences

1. Explorer – (discoverer) – Many explorers lost their lives during third dangerous travels.
2. Culture – (society/civilization) – We love Indian culture and its values.
3. Adventures – (daring deeds) – The adventures of our soldiers are well known.
4. Wealth – (money, property) – He gathered a huge wealth by working hard.
5. Merchant – (trader) – His father is a big cloth merchant.
6. Finally – in the end) – Finally he left his studies and started a business.
7. Prison – (jail) – Gandhiji was put in prison many a time.
8. Captured – (arrested) – The culprit was captured and punished.
9. Inspired – (encouraged) – Inspired by his father he earned a lot of money.
10. Beyond – (out of reach) – To buy this car is beyond my sources.

Word Meanings

Marco Polo Summary in Hindi

Marco Polo was ………….. many adventures.

मार्को पोलो एक व्यापारी और साहसिक पुरुष था। उसने अपने पिता और चाचा के साथ वेनिस (इटली) से चीन की यात्रा की। वेनिस लौटने से पहले मार्को पोलो 17 वर्ष तक चीन में रहा। आओ हम इस साहसिक खोजों के बारे में पढ़ें और उसकी अधिक जानकारी प्राप्त करें।

बहुत समय पहले जब हवाई जहाज, रेलगाड़ियां, कारें तथा बसें कुछ भी नहीं था तो लोगों को दूसरे देशों के लिए समुद्री जहाज़ अथवा काफ़िलों में यात्रा करनी पड़ती थी। मार्को पोलो उन यात्रियों में से एक था जिन्होंने बहुत सारे देशों की यात्रा इसलिए की थी, क्योंकि वे वहां के लोगों, उनके खाने की आदतों और उनके रीति-रिवाजों को जानने के इच्छुक थे।

मार्को पोलो का जन्म 1254 में वेनिस में हुआ। जब वह 17 वर्ष का हुआ तो वह अपनी पहली यात्रा पर अपने पिता निकोलो (Niccolo) और अपने चाचा माफो (Maffeo) के साथ निकला। वह चीन की यात्रा करना चाहता था ताकि उस देश और उसके लोगों के बारे में जानकारी जुटा सके। यात्रा के दौरान वह बहुत से जाने-माने शहरों में गया और उसने येरूशलम के पवित्र शहर सहित बहुत से स्थल देखे। उसने हिंदु-कुश पर्वत, प्रशा और गो-मरुस्थल भी देखे। वह भिन्न-भिन्न प्रकार के लोगों से मिला और उसने बहुत से साहसिक कार्य किए।

The wealth and luxury…… …………… ever seen before.

चीनी शहरों की धन संपत्ति और विलासता ने मार्को पोलो को बहुत प्रभावित किया। वह कुबलई खां के दरबार की भव्यता और महानता से बहुत अधिक आकर्षित हुआ। यूरोप में प्राप्त उसके अनुभव के मुकाबले यह कुछ भी नहीं था। राजधानी शहर किनसे (Kinsay) न केवल बहुत ही बड़ा था, बल्कि साफ़-सुथरा और पूर्ण रूप से व्यवस्थित था। – सड़कें चौड़ी थीं। यह सब कुछ तो उसके वेनिस के अनुभव से कहीं अधिक अच्छा था।

लोगों तथा जानवरों जैसे आरंगुटान (गुरिल्ला) और राइनो (गेंडा) को मिलने वाले भोजन तक हर चीज़ नई और रोचक थी। … मार्को पोलो चीन में बहुत वर्षों तक रहा और वहां उसने स्थानीय भाषा को बोलना सीखा। उसने पूरे चीन की यात्रा की। उसने सम्राट का दूत और जासूस बन कर कार्य किया।

उसने पश्चिमी एशिया, उत्तरी अफ्रीका तथा दक्षिणी यूरोप के बहुत से देशों की यात्रा की। – इन यात्राओं के दौरान उसने भिन्न-भिन्न संस्कृतियों, भोजनों और लोगों के बारे में जानकारी प्राप्त की। उसने ऐसे बहुत से स्थानों और बहुत-सी चीजों को देखा जो इससे पहले यूरोप में आए किसी भी यात्री ने नहीं देखा।

After travelling ………….. on his travels.

मार्को पोलो ने अपने पिता और अंकल के साथ चौबीस (24) वर्षों की यात्रा के बाद वेनिस वापिस लौटने का फैसला किया। उन्होंने 1271 में अपना घर छोड़ा था और अंततः 1295 में वापिस पहंचे। घर पहुंचने के कुछ ही वर्षों बाद वेनिस का जेनोआ (Ogenoa) के साथ युद्ध छिड़ गया। मार्को को बंदी बना लिया गया और जेनोआ को जेल में डाल दिया गया। उसे 1299 में जेल से रिहा किया गया। वह एक धनी व्यापारी बन गया।

उसने Donata Badoer नाम की स्त्री से विवाह किया और उनके तीन बच्चे हुए। उसका देहांत 8 जनवरी, 1324 को 70 वर्ष की आयु में हुआ और उसे वेनिस की चर्च San Lorenzo में दफ़नाया गया। – जेल में मार्को एक प्रसिद्ध कहानी लेखक से मिला। मार्को ने अपनी यात्राओं की विस्तृत जानकारी लेखक को बताई जिसने “ट्रैवल्स ऑफ़ मार्को पोलो” नामक पुस्तक में सभी कहानियां लिखीं। यह पुस्तक बहुत ही लोकप्रिय हुई।

इसका अनुवाद बहुत-सी भाषाओं में किया गया और यह सारे यूरोप में पढ़ी गईं। ऐसा कहा जाता है कि एक अन्य खोजी क्रिसटोफर कोलम्बस भी इस पुस्तक से बहुत प्रभावित हुआ। ऐसा विश्वास किया जाता है कि वह यह पुस्तक अपनी यात्राओं पर साथ ले गया था।

Translation From English To Hindi

1. Marco Polo was a merchant and an adventurer. — मार्को पोलो एक व्यापारी और साहसिक पुरुष था।
2. He wanted to learn about the people, their food habits and their culture. — वह लोगों के बारे में, उनके खाने की आदतों और उनके रीति-रिवाजों को जानने का इच्छुक था।
3. Marco Polo was born in Venice in 1254.– मार्को पोलो का जन्म 1254 में वेनिस में हुआ।
4. He wanted to visit China. — वह चीन की यात्रा करना चाहता था।
5. He also saw the mountains of Hindu Kush. — उसने हिंदु कुश के पर्वत भी देखे। .
6. He met a lot of different poeple. — वह भिन्न प्रकार के लोगों को मिला।
7. It was nothing like he had experienced in Europe. — यूरोप में प्राप्त उसके अनुभव के मुकाबले यह कुछ भी नहीं था।
8. The roads were wide.– सड़कें चौड़ी थीं।
9. Marco Polo lived China for many years. — मार्को पोलो चीन में बहुत वर्षों तक रहा |
10. They had left home in 1271. — उन्होंने 1271 में अपना घर छोड़ा या
11. He was released from prison in 1299. — उसे 1299 में जेल से रिहा किया गया |
12. It became a very popular book. यह पुस्तक बहुत ही लोकप्रिय हुई।
13. It was translated into many languages. — इसका अनुवाद बहुत – सी भाषाओ में किया गया
14. Marco met a well-known story writer.– मार्को एक प्रसिद्ध कहानी लेखक से मिला