Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class English Book Solutions English Grammar Voice (Active and Passive Voice) Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.
PSEB 8th Class English Grammar Voice (Active and Passive Voice)
अंग्रेज़ी भाषा में Voice (वाच्य) दो प्रकार की होती है-
1. Active Voice
2. Passive Voice
1. Active Voice : जब किसी वाक्य में Subject (कर्ता) कार्य करता है तो वाक्य का Verb, Active Voice में होता है।
2. Passive Voice : जब किसी वाक्य में Subject (कर्ता) कार्य नहीं करता है बल्कि उस पर कार्य किया जाता है तो वाक्य का Verb, Passive Voice में होता है।
Example : The hunter killed the lion. शिकारी ने शेर को मारा।
The lion was killed by the hunter. शेर शिकारी द्वारा मारा गया।
नोट-विद्यार्थियों को Verb की तीसरी फ़ार्म लगाना कभी नहीं भूलना चाहिए। Let, hit, cut आदि शब्दों की फ़ार्म लगाते समय विशेष सावधानी बरतनी चाहिए।
Imperative तथा To + 1st form वाले वाक्य में Be का प्रयोग होता है।
“Active से Passive बनाने की विधि
1. Verb ‘Be’ के सैंप
2. Verb की तीसरी फ़ार्म
Note-पुस्तक में Verb की forms दी गई हैं। विद्यार्थियों को चाहिए कि वे इन्हें अच्छी तरह याद कर लें।
3. Subject और Object का आपसी परिवर्तन
(B) नोट : “You’ और ‘It’ subject और object दोनों रूपों में नहीं बदलते।
2. Possessive Case of Pronoun में भी कोई परिवर्तन नही होता जैसे-
1. My brother = by my brother
2. Our teacher = by our teacher
Be के रूप का प्रयोग
की फ़र्म रूप का चुनाव करने से पूर्व हमें दिया गए वाक्य में verb को देखना चाहिए verb की फ़र्म या tense के आधार पर ही हम be की फ़र्म लागयोंगे (i) यदि दिए गए वाक्य में verb की पहली फ़र्म (present Indefinite tense) हो तो Passive Voice बनाने के लिए Be की पहली फ़ार्म अर्थात् is, am, are में से किसी एक का प्रयोग किया जाएगा; जैसे,-
(1) Auxiliary Verbs
Rule. Can, could, may, might, shall, should आदि वाले वाक्यों को passive voice में बदलने के लिए can, could, may, might, shall, should आदि के पश्चात् ‘be’ तथा क्रिया (Verb) की तीसरी फ़ार्म लगाई जाती है।
| Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| 1. I can solve this sum. | This sum can be solved by me. |
| 2. You may take this pen. | This pen may be taken by you. |
| 3. She may catch the train. | The train may be caught by her. |
| 4. They might miss the bus. | The bus might be missed by them. |
| 5. You should obey the rules. | The rules should be obeyed by you. |
| 6. They must take exercise. | Exercise must be taken by them. |
| 7. I cannot do it. | It cannot be done by me. |
| 8. He might not win the race. | The race might not be won by him. |
| 9. We must not tell a lie. | A lie must not be told by us. |
| 10. One should do one’s duty. | Duty should be done. |
(2) Verbs having Prepositions
Note. कुछ क्रियाओं के बाद at, on, in आदि Prepositions दी होती हैं। Passive Voice बदलते समय Prepositions of का स्थान नहीं बदलता है। उन्हें verbs के साथ ही रखा जाना चाहिए।
| Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| 1. He knocked at the door. | The door was knocked at by him. |
| 2. He does not care for you. | You are not cared for by him. |
| 3. They laughed at the poor man. | The poor man was laughed at by them. |
| 4. She sent for me. | I was sent for by her. |
| 5. The dog barked at them. | They were barked at by the dog. |
| 6. I was waiting for him. | He was being waited for by me. |
| 7. She did not listen to me. | I was not listened to by her. |
| 8. They aimed at the lion. | The lion was aimed at by them. |
(3) Prepositions other than ‘By Rule. कुछ वाक्यों में क्रिया (Verb) की तीसरी फ़ार्म के पश्चात् by’ के स्थान पर कोई अन्य Preposition लगती है जैसे to, at, in, with आदि।
| Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| 1. He knows me. | I am known to him. |
| 2. The news shocked him. | He was shocked at the news. |
| 3. His work satisfied me. | I was satisfied with his work. |
| 4. Your habits worry me. | I am worried at your habits. |
| 5. This jug contains milk. | Milk is contained in this jug. |
| 6. You cannot please him. | He cannot be pleased with you. |
| 7. Your answer does not satisfy me. | I am not satisfied with your answer. |
| 8. The news surprised me. | I was surprised at the news. |
(4) It is time से आरम्भ होने वाले वाक्य
| Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| 1. It is time to open the shop. | It is time for the shop to be opened. |
| 2. It is time to write our letters. | It is time for our letters to be written. |
| 3. It is time to read the newspaper. | It is time for the newspaper to be read. |
| 4. It is time to take tea. | It is time for tea to be taken. |
| 5. It is time to close the shop. | It is time for the shop to be closed. |
| 6. It is time to pray to God. | It is time for God to be prayed to. |
| 7. It is time to ring the bell. | It is time for the bell to be rung. |
(5) Interrogative Sentences
| Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| 1. Does she tell a story? | Is a story told by her ? |
| 2. Do you play football ? | Is football played by you ? |
| 3. Did you read the letter ? | Passive Voice Was the letter read by you ? |
| 4. Will you help me ? | Shall I be helped by you ? |
| 5. Is she singing a song ? | Is a song being sung by her ? |
| 6. Have you finished your work ? | Has your work been finished by you? |
| 7. When does he take tea ? | When is tea taken by him ? |
| 8. What is he doing ? | What is being done by him ? |
| 9. Why were you making a noise ? | Why was a noise being made by you ? |
| 10. Who teaches you English ? | By whom are you taught English ? |
(6) Imperative Sentences
| Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| 1. Shut the windows. | Let the windows be shut. |
| 2. Post this letter. | Let this letter be posted. |
| 3. Show me your book. | Let your book be shown to me. |
| 4. Change your clothes. | You are advised to change your clothes. Or Let your clothes be changed. |
| 5. Write it clearly. | Let it be written clearly. |
| 6. Always speak the truth. | You are advised always to speak the truth. |
| 7. Work hard. | You are advised to work hard. |
| 8. Never tell a lie. | You are advised never to tell a lie. |
| 9. Let me finish it. | Let it be finished by me. |
| 10. Tell him to keep quiet. | Let him be told to keep quiet. |
| 11. Do not run fast. | You are advised not to run fast. Or You are forbidden to run fast. |
| 12. Do not steal things. | You are advised not to steal things. Or Let things be not stolen. |
(7) Typical Sentences
| Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| 1. The rose smells sweet. | The rose is sweet when (it is) smelt. |
| 2. Sit down. | Be seated. |
| 3. You have to do it. | It has to be done by you. |
| 4. They say that honesty is the best policy. | It is said that honesty is the best policy. |
| 5. God helps those who help themselves. | Those who help themselves are helped by God. |
| 6. We elected him President. | He was elected President by us. |
| 7. One should do one’s duty. | Duty should be done. |
| 8. Someone has picked his pocket. | His pocket has been picked. |
| 9. He has to pay the fine. | The fine has to be paid by him. |
| 10. I hope to stand first. | It is hoped that I shall stand first. |
Exercises (Solved) Change the voice:
I. 1. Harish plays cricket.
2. She likes singing.
3. We fly kites.
4. Meera helps the poor.
5. I open an account in the bank.
6. Hamid does his homework.
7. The boys watch television.
8. The cobbler mends my shoes.
9. She hates liars.
10. Children like sweets.
Answer:
1. Cricket is played by Harish.
2. Singing is liked by her.
3. Kites are flown by us.
4. The poor are helped by Meera.
5. An account is opened in the bank by me.
6. His homework is done by Hamid.
7. Television is watched by the boys.
8. My shoes are mended by the cobbler.
9. Liars are hated by her.
10. Sweets are liked by children.
II. 1. Rama lost his book.
2. They welcomed me.
3. Mina wrote a letter.
4. Mohan did not sing a song.
5. Radha did not drink coffee.
6. Harish did not paint a picture.
7. Did the boys fly kites ?
8. Did you close the door ?
9. Did Kavita help you?
10. The Prime Minister honoured Kapil Dev.
Answer:
1. His book was lost by Rama.
2. I was welcomed by them.
3. A letter was written by Mina.
4. A song was not sung by Mohan.
5. Coffee was not drunk by Radha.
6. A picture was not painted by Harish.
7. Were kites flown by the boys ?
8. Was the door closed by you ?
9. Were you helped by Kavita ?
10. Kapil Dev was honoured by the Prime Minister.
III. 1. Manohar will solve the sums.
2. You will miss your bus.
3. The teacher will punish the boys.
4. The doctor will examine the patient.
5. The children will enjoy this game.
6. You will join the party.
7. He will not cook the food.
8. She will not wash the clothes.
9. Will they elect the President ?
10. Will she speak the truth?
Answer:
1. The sums will be solved by Manohar.
2. Your bus will be missed by you.
3. The boys will be punished by the teacher.
4. The patient will be examined by the doctor.
5. This game will be enjoyed by the children.
6. The party will be joined by you.
7. The food will not be cooked by him.
8. The clothes will not be washed by her.
9. Will the President be elected by them?
10. Will the truth be spoken by her?
IV. 1. The leader is making a speech.
2. They are playing hockey.
3. Șudhir is telling a story.
4. Pakistan is making an atom bomb.
5. The girls are making chairs.
6. The workers are not repairing the road.
7. We are not taking exercise.
8. I am not favouring you.
9. Are they knocking at the door?
10. Is he serving his country?
Answer:
1. A speech is being made by the leader.
2. Hockey is being played by them.
3. A story is being told by Sudhir.
4. An atom bomb is being made by Pakistan.
5. Chairs are being made by the girls.
6. The road is not being repaired by the workers.
7. Exercise is not being taken by us.
8. You are not being favoured by me.
9. Is the door being knocked at by them?
10. Is his country being served by him ?