Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Book Solutions Chapter 9 Care and Maintenance of Farm Machinery Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.
PSEB Solutions for Class 8 Agriculture Chapter 9 Care and Maintenance of Farm Machinery
Agriculture Guide for Class 8 PSEB Care and Maintenance of Farm Machinery Textbook Questions and Answers
(A) Answer in one to two words:
Question 1.
After land cost, the next highest investment by fanners is in which form?
Answer:
In the form of farm machinery.
Question 2.
Who is considered as head of farm machinery?
Answer:
Tractor.
Question 3.
Name any three machines that are driven by tractors.
Answer:
Cultivation, disc harrow, seed drill.
Question 4.
Which are those machines where the source of power is part of the machine?
Answer:
Tractor, engine, motor etc.
Question 5.
When the tractor should be over-hauled?
Answer:
After using it for 4000 hours.
Question 6.
In which gear the tractor should be stored?
Answer:
Neutral gear.
Question 7.
After proper cleaning of battery terminal of a tractor, it should be coated with which material?
Answer:
With Petroleum jelly.
Question 8.
After proper cleaning and removal of seed and fertilizer from seed sowing machinery, what should be coated to its components?
Answer:
Grease or lubricating oil.
Question 9.
What should be done to protect soil working tools of tillage machinery from rust?
Answer:
These should be coated with grease or lubricating oil.
Question 10.
Why the spray pump should be operated empty after using it?
Answer:
This helps in draining the water from spray lines.
(B) Answer in One to Two Sentences:
Question 1.
What are the basic categories in which farm machinery can be divided?
Answer:
There are three categories of farm machinery-prime movers (power source); like, tracfor etc., engine operator equipments; like, disc harrow etc., self propelled machine like, combine harvester etc.
Question 2.
After how many hours, the tractor should be serviced?
Answer:
Servicing of the tractor should be done after 10 hours, 50 hours, 125 hours, 250 hours, 500 hours and 1000 hours. Tractor should be got overhauled from a good workshop after using it for 4000 hours.
Question 3.
What should be done to protect tyres if tractor is to be stored for long term?
Answer:
Jack up the tractor and put it on the wooden blocks and also reduce air pressure in the tyres.
Question 4.
What should be done to protect battery if tractor is to be stored for long term?
Answer:
If tractor is to be stored for long time period then batteries should be disconnected and removed from the tractor but these should be charged occasionally.
Question 5.
What point should be kept in mind for maintenance of exhaust pipe and crank case breather?
Answer:
If mouth of the exhaust pipe and crank case breather is open, cover it with a cloth. This prevents entry of moisture in it.
Question 6.
During season, what should be done for maintenance of axle bearings?
Answer:
During season, after every 4-6 hours of working, lubricate the axle and bushes with oil or grease. If ball bearings are fitted then lubricate them after 3-4 days with grease.
Question 7.
Why it is important to clean the seed and fertilizer box of a seed drill daily?
Answer:
Fertilizers are chemicals which can damage or corrode these boxes if not cleaned on daily basis.
Question 8.
Why farmer should properly dean grain tank, conveyor, straw walkers and sieves in combine harvesters?
Answer:
If grain tanks, conveyor straw walkers and sieves in combine harvesters are not cleaned properly, rodents make home there and can damage the electric circuits, pipes etc. and thus damage the machinery heavily.
Question 9.
What should be done to protect combine harvester from rust?
Answer:
Moisture is the reason of rusting. Therefore, combine should be stored under a shed and cover it with a plastic sheet. Paint those parts where paint has taken off.
Question 10.
What should be done to avoid contact of machine with soil during storage?
Answer:
Answer: Wash or clean the machines or equipments to dry these. Coat them with grease and oil to prevent from rusting.
(C) Answers in five to six Sentences:
Question 1.
Why there is a need for the maintenance of farm machinery?
Answer:
To get more yield and income from agricultural produce, farm machinery plays an important role. After the cost of land, next highest investment is in farm machinery. If proper maintenance is not done for such costly machines, then we may not be able to get full benefit from the machines. Proper maintenance adds to the working life of farm machines. Repair of damaged machines cost more. Machines should be maintained at the end of the season so that we get a ready machine at the beginning of next season.
Question 2.
Which points should be kept in mind regarding maintenance of tractors?
Answer:
- Wash and clean tractor and store it under shed.
- If there is some sort of leakage from pipes or some repair is required, get it done. Mobile oil should be filled up-to the marked level.
- All points where greasing is to be done should be washed with diesel. Remove the old grease and fill the new grease.
- Use hot water to wash the terminals of battery and coat them with petroleum jelly. If tractor is to be stored for a long time remove the battery but keep on charging it from time to time.
- To keep the tractor ready for any work, it should be started and operated once or twice in a month.
- For long term storage Jack up the tractor and put it on wooden blocks, reduce the air pressure in tyres.
- Park the tractor in switched off position, in the neutral gear and by applying parking brakes.
- Cover the exhaust pipe and crank breather using a cloth to prevent the entry of moisture in it.
- Air cleaner should be cleaned time to time.
Question 3.
Why repair of machinery should be done before its storage?
Answer:
Machine should be got repaired at the end of the season and before storing it. So that we get a ready machine at the beginning of next season, time is also saved. By the end of season we know about the condition of the machine, we know the parts of the machine which are creating problems, therefore machine should be taken care of, make replacement of the parts which are not working properly or are causing trouble. One can forget these things after long time i.e. at the beginning of new season. Therefore repair of machinery should be done before its storage.
Question 4.
Which points should be kept in mind for maintenance of battery?
Answer:
Tractor should be started and operated once or twice in a month. Clean the terminals of the battery with hot water and coat the terminals with petroleum jelly. If tractor in to be stored for long time duration remove the battery and keep on charging it time to time.
Question 5.
Which points should be kept in mind regarding maintenance of combine harvesters?
Answer:
Maintenance of combine harvester is similar to the maintenance of tractor. Following points should be kept in mind regarding maintenance of combine harvester.
(i) Clean properly grain tanks, conveyor, straw walkers and sieves in combine harvesters. There should be not dirt, straw, grains, chaff etc. in these otherwise rodent start living there and can damage electric circuits and pipes etc.
(ii) Moisture is the reason of rusting. Therefore, combine should be stored under a shed and cover it with a plastic sheet. Paint those parts where paint has taken off.
(iii) Machine should be got repaired at the end of the season and before storing.it. So that we get a ready machine at the beginning of next season, time is also saved. By the end of season we know about the condition of the machine, we know the parts of the machine which are creating problems, therefore machine should be taken care of, make replacement of the parts which is are not working properly or causing trouble. One can forget these things after long time i.e. at the beginning of new season. Therefore repair of machinery should be done before its storage.
(iv) Remove all the belts and put identification marks and store at a safe place.
(v) Chains should be cleaned with diesel and coat it with thin layer of grease.
(vi) Rubbing parts should be applied with lubricating oils. Eill grease in the greasing points.
PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Guide Care and Maintenance of Farm Machinery Important Questions and Answers
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What is the name of machine used for fodder chopping and cutting?
Answer:
Toka.
Question 2.
What is disc harrow in local language?
Answer:
Tavijan.
Question 3.
What is the name of the machine used for sowing seeds?
Answer:
Seed drill machine.
Question 4.
What should be the air pressure in the tyres of a tractor?
Answer:
In front tyres 24-26 pounds and in rear tyre 12-18 pounds.
Question 5.
What should be used to clean the spray pump after it is used?
Answer:
The spray pump should be cleaned with fresh water.
Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What is the importance of a diesel engine?
Answer:
It is a small machine. It is used to run tubewell, to run fodder chopping toka, etc. Its operating cost is less than tractor when less power is required diesel engine is used.
Question 2.
Why should the seed drill machines be not parked in sunlight?
Answer:
Sun heat may damage the rubber pipes and gears.
Question 3.
What should be done to reduce the slip of the tractor?
Answer:
Air pressure in the rear tyres should be lowered.
Long Answer Type Question
Question 1.
What is the importance of the maintenance of farm machinery and equipment?
Answer:
Nowadays farms machinery is used for doing nearly all agricultural activities e.g. sowing, harvesting, hoeing, etc. Farm machinery is very costly and sometimes farmers have to get loans. Therefore, it becomes necessary to maintain and take care of the machines.